CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>President of Nigeria - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"c6418e36-12ab-4542-9a8e-f76b6fae7ab0","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"President_of_Nigeria","wgTitle":"President of Nigeria","wgCurRevisionId":1253950543,"wgRevisionId":1253950543,"wgArticleId":516088,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use Nigerian English from October 2022","All Wikipedia articles written in Nigerian English","Use dmy dates from August 2024","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2023","Presidents by country","Politics of Nigeria","Presidents of Nigeria","Government of Nigeria","1963 establishments in Nigeria"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel": "wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"President_of_Nigeria","wgRelevantArticleId":516088,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q500282","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile", "model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips", "ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Presidential_Standard_of_Nigeria_%28Armed_Forces%29.svg/1200px-Presidential_Standard_of_Nigeria_%28Armed_Forces%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Presidential_Standard_of_Nigeria_%28Armed_Forces%29.svg/800px-Presidential_Standard_of_Nigeria_%28Armed_Forces%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="400"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Presidential_Standard_of_Nigeria_%28Armed_Forces%29.svg/640px-Presidential_Standard_of_Nigeria_%28Armed_Forces%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="320"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="President of Nigeria - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Nigeria"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Nigeria&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Nigeria"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-President_of_Nigeria rootpage-President_of_Nigeria skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=President+of+Nigeria" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=President+of+Nigeria" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=President+of+Nigeria" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=President+of+Nigeria" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ceremonial_presidency_and_the_First_Republic_(1963–1966)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ceremonial_presidency_and_the_First_Republic_(1963–1966)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Ceremonial presidency and the First Republic (1963–1966)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ceremonial_presidency_and_the_First_Republic_(1963–1966)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_rule_(1966–1979)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_rule_(1966–1979)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Military rule (1966–1979)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_rule_(1966–1979)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Republic_(1979–1983)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Republic_(1979–1983)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Second Republic (1979–1983)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Republic_(1979–1983)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_rule_(1983–1999)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_rule_(1983–1999)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Military rule (1983–1999)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_rule_(1983–1999)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fourth_Republic_(1999–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fourth_Republic_(1999–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Fourth Republic (1999–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fourth_Republic_(1999–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selection_process" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selection_process"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Selection process</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Selection_process-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Selection process subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Selection_process-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Electoral_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Electoral system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eligibility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eligibility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Eligibility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eligibility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inauguration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inauguration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Inauguration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inauguration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oath_of_office" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oath_of_office"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Oath of office</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oath_of_office-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Powers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Powers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Powers</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Powers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Powers subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Powers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_presidential_appointments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_presidential_appointments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>List of presidential appointments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_presidential_appointments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commander-in-chief" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commander-in-chief"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Commander-in-chief</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commander-in-chief-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Foreign policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ceremonial_duties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ceremonial_duties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Ceremonial duties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ceremonial_duties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Incumbency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incumbency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Incumbency</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Incumbency-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Incumbency subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Incumbency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Term_limits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Term_limits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Term limits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Term_limits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Residence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Residence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Residence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Residence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Protection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">President of Nigeria</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="رئيس نيجيريا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رئيس نيجيريا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente_de_Nixeria" title="Presidente de Nixeria – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Presidente de Nixeria" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_de_Nig%C3%A8ria" title="President de Nigèria – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="President de Nigèria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A4sident_von_Nigeria" title="Präsident von Nigeria – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Präsident von Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%82%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%96%DE%A9%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%A7%DE%8E%DE%AC_%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%A9%DE%90%DE%B0" title="ނައިޖީރިއާގެ ރައީސް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ނައިޖީރިއާގެ ރައީސް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente_de_Nigeria" title="Presidente de Nigeria – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Presidente de Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezidento_de_Ni%C4%9Derio" title="Prezidento de Niĝerio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Prezidento de Niĝerio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87" title="رئیس‌جمهور نیجریه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رئیس‌جمهور نیجریه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sident_de_la_r%C3%A9publique_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9rale_du_Nigeria" title="Président de la république fédérale du Nigeria – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Président de la république fédérale du Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente_de_Nixeria" title="Presidente de Nixeria – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Presidente de Nixeria" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%80%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84%EC%9D%98_%EB%8C%80%ED%86%B5%EB%A0%B9" title="나이지리아의 대통령 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="나이지리아의 대통령" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shugaban_Nijeriya" title="Shugaban Nijeriya – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Shugaban Nijeriya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="नाईजीरिया के राष्ट्रपति – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नाईजीरिया के राष्ट्रपति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishi_och%C3%ADch%C3%AC_Naigeria" title="Ishi ochíchì Naigeria – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ishi ochíchì Naigeria" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%90_%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94" title="נשיא ניגריה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נשיא ניגריה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ნიგერიის პრეზიდენტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნიგერიის პრეზიდენტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rais_wa_Nigeria" title="Rais wa Nigeria – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Rais wa Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerijos_prezidentas" title="Nigerijos prezidentas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nigerijos prezidentas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presiden_Nigeria" title="Presiden Nigeria – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Presiden Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presido_of_Naija" title="Presido of Naija – Nigerian Pidgin" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Presido of Naija" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Nigerian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%81%AE%E5%A4%A7%E7%B5%B1%E9%A0%98" title="ナイジェリアの大統領 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナイジェリアの大統領" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezydenci_Nigerii" title="Prezydenci Nigerii – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prezydenci Nigerii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente_da_Nig%C3%A9ria" title="Presidente da Nigéria – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Presidente da Nigéria" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="featured list badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Список глав Нигерии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Список глав Нигерии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Nigeria" title="President of Nigeria – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="President of Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_presidentti" title="Nigerian presidentti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nigerian presidentti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerias_president" title="Nigerias president – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nigerias president" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangulo_ng_Nigeria" title="Pangulo ng Nigeria – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pangulo ng Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1kwak_a%CC%B1son_a%CC%B1byin_Naijeriya" title="A̱kwak a̱son a̱byin Naijeriya – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱kwak a̱son a̱byin Naijeriya" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97" title="Президент Нігерії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Президент Нігерії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80%C3%A0r%E1%BA%B9_il%E1%BA%B9%CC%80_N%C3%A0%C3%ACj%C3%ADr%C3%AD%C3%A0" title="Ààrẹ ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ààrẹ ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%A5%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="尼日利亚总统 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="尼日利亚总统" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q500282#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Nigeria" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:President_of_Nigeria" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Nigeria"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Nigeria&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Nigeria&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Nigeria"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Nigeria&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Nigeria&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/President_of_Nigeria" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/President_of_Nigeria" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Nigeria&oldid=1253950543" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Nigeria&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=President_of_Nigeria&id=1253950543&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPresident_of_Nigeria"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPresident_of_Nigeria"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=President_of_Nigeria&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Nigeria&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_Nigeria" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q500282" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Head of state and government of Nigeria</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;">President of the<br />Federal Republic of Nigeria</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_President_of_Nigeria.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Seal_of_the_President_of_Nigeria.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_President_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Seal_of_the_President_of_Nigeria.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_President_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Seal_of_the_President_of_Nigeria.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_President_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_the_president_of_Nigeria" title="Seal of the president of Nigeria">Seal of the president</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Presidential_Standard_of_Nigeria_(Armed_Forces).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Presidential_Standard_of_Nigeria_%28Armed_Forces%29.svg/150px-Presidential_Standard_of_Nigeria_%28Armed_Forces%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Presidential_Standard_of_Nigeria_%28Armed_Forces%29.svg/225px-Presidential_Standard_of_Nigeria_%28Armed_Forces%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Presidential_Standard_of_Nigeria_%28Armed_Forces%29.svg/300px-Presidential_Standard_of_Nigeria_%28Armed_Forces%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Nigeria#Presidential_flags" title="Flag of Nigeria">Presidential flag</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bola_Tinubu_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Bola_Tinubu_portrait.jpg/220px-Bola_Tinubu_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Bola_Tinubu_portrait.jpg/330px-Bola_Tinubu_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Bola_Tinubu_portrait.jpg/440px-Bola_Tinubu_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1687" data-file-height="2109" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline;font-weight:bold;">Incumbent<br /><a href="/wiki/Bola_Ahmed_Tinubu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bola Ahmed Tinubu">Bola Ahmed Tinubu</a><br /></div>since 29 May 2023</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_Nigeria#Executive_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal government of Nigeria">Executive Branch of the Federal Government</a></li> <li>Office of the President</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">Style</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mr._President_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mr. President (title)">Mr. President</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Excellency#Nigeria" title="Excellency">His Excellency</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Head of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Head of government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">Commander-in-chief</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data">POFRON</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Member of</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Nigeria" title="Cabinet of Nigeria">Federal Executive Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(Nigeria)" title="National Security Council (Nigeria)">National Security Council</a></li> <li>National Defence Council</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_residence" title="Official residence">Residence</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aso_Villa" title="Aso Villa">Aso Rock Presidential Villa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Seat_(legal_entity)" title="Seat (legal entity)">Seat</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abuja" title="Abuja">Abuja, F.C.T.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Direct_election" title="Direct election">Direct popular election</a> or via succession from <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Nigeria" title="Vice President of Nigeria">vice presidency</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Term_of_office" title="Term of office">Term length</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Four years,<br />renewable once</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Constituting instrument</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Nigeria" title="Constitution of Nigeria">Constitution of Nigeria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data">1 October 1963<span class="noprint"><br />(61 years ago)</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1963-10-01</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First holder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nnamdi_Azikiwe" title="Nnamdi Azikiwe">Nnamdi Azikiwe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Salary</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_naira" title="Nigerian naira">₦</a>30,000,000/US$ 65,143 annually<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statehouse.gov.ng/">www<wbr />.statehouse<wbr />.gov<wbr />.ng</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Presidential_Standard_of_Nigeria_(1963).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Presidential_Standard_of_Nigeria_%281963%29.svg/240px-Presidential_Standard_of_Nigeria_%281963%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Presidential_Standard_of_Nigeria_%281963%29.svg/360px-Presidential_Standard_of_Nigeria_%281963%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Presidential_Standard_of_Nigeria_%281963%29.svg/480px-Presidential_Standard_of_Nigeria_%281963%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Former standard of the president</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Nigeria" title="Politics of Nigeria">Politics of Nigeria</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria.svg/125px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria.svg/188px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria.svg/250px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1505" data-file-height="1276" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Nigeria" title="Constitution of Nigeria">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; background:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Nigeria" title="Human rights in Nigeria">Human rights</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Government</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; background:none;"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Nigeria" title="List of heads of state of Nigeria">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Bola_Tinubu" title="Bola Tinubu">Bola Tinubu</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Nigeria" title="Vice President of Nigeria">Vice President</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Kashim_Shettima" title="Kashim Shettima">Kashim Shettima</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Nigeria" title="Cabinet of Nigeria">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nigerian_agencies" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Nigerian agencies">Federal Parastatals</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Nigeria)" title="National Assembly (Nigeria)">Legislature</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; background:none;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Nigeria">National Assembly of Nigeria</a></b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Nigeria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate (Nigeria)">Senate</a></b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Nigerian_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Nigerian Senate">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Godswill_Akpabio" title="Godswill Akpabio">Godswill Akpabio</a> (<a href="/wiki/All_Progressives_Congress" title="All Progressives Congress">APC</a>) <br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_President_of_the_Nigerian_Senate" title="Deputy President of the Nigerian Senate">Deputy President</a> <a href="/wiki/Barau_Jibrin" title="Barau Jibrin">Barau Jibrin</a> (APC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_senators_of_the_10th_National_Assembly" title="Nigerian senators of the 10th National Assembly">(List of members of the Senate)</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Nigeria)" title="House of Representatives (Nigeria)">House of Representatives</a></b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Nigerian_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the Nigerian House of Representatives">Speaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Tajudeen_Abbas" title="Tajudeen Abbas">Tajudeen Abbas</a> (APC) <br /></li> <li>Deputy Speaker <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Kalu" title="Benjamin Kalu">Benjamin Kalu</a> (APC)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_Nigeria,_2019%E2%80%932023" title="List of members of the House of Representatives of Nigeria, 2019–2023">List of members of the House</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>State delegations</b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_Abia" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Abia">Abia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_Adamawa" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Adamawa">Adamawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_Akwa_Ibom" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Akwa Ibom">Akwa Ibom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_Anambra" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Anambra">Anambra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_Bauchi" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Bauchi">Bauchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_Bayelsa" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Bayelsa">Bayelsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_Benue" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Benue">Benue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_Borno" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Borno">Borno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_Cross_River" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Cross River">Cross River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_Delta" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Delta">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_Ebonyi" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Ebonyi">Ebonyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_Edo" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Edo">Edo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_Ekiti" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Ekiti">Ekiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_Enugu" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Enugu">Enugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_Gombe" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Gombe">Gombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_Imo" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Imo">Imo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_Jigawa" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Jigawa">Jigawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_Kaduna" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Kaduna">Kaduna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_Kano" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Kano">Kano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_Katsina" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Katsina">Katsina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_Kebbi" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Kebbi">Kebbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_Kogi" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Kogi">Kogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_Kwara" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Kwara">Kwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_Lagos" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Lagos">Lagos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_Nasarawa" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Nasarawa">Nasarawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_Niger" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_Ogun" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Ogun">Ogun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_Ondo" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Ondo">Ondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_Osun" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Osun">Osun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_Oyo" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Oyo">Oyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_Plateau" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Plateau">Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_Rivers" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Rivers">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_Sokoto" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Sokoto">Sokoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_Taraba" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Taraba">Taraba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_Yobe" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Yobe">Yobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_Zamfara" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Zamfara">Zamfara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_the_Federal_Capital_Territory" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from the Federal Capital Territory">FCT</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Judiciary</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; background:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Nigeria" title="Supreme Court of Nigeria">Supreme Court</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Nigeria" title="Subdivisions of Nigeria">Subdivisions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; background:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/States_of_Nigeria" title="States of Nigeria">States</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_governors_of_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state governors of Nigeria">State governors</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_Nigeria" title="Local government areas of Nigeria">Local Government Areas</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Nigeria" title="Elections in Nigeria">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; background:none;"> <ul><li>Recent elections <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Parliamentary:<a href="/wiki/2015_Nigerian_general_election" title="2015 Nigerian general election">2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Nigerian_general_election" title="2019 Nigerian general election">2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Nigerian_general_election" title="2023 Nigerian general election">2023</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Nigeria" title="List of political parties in Nigeria">Political parties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Nigeria" title="Foreign relations of Nigeria">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; background:none;"> <ul><li>Ministry of Foreign Affairs <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Nigeria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Nigeria)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Tuggar" title="Yusuf Tuggar">Yusuf Tuggar</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Nigeria" title="List of diplomatic missions of Nigeria">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Nigeria" title="List of diplomatic missions in Nigeria">in Nigeria</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_nationality_law" title="Nigerian nationality law">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_passport" title="Nigerian passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Nigerian_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Nigerian citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Nigeria" title="Visa policy of Nigeria">Visa policy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/32px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/48px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/64px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Nigeria" title="Portal:Nigeria">Nigeria portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Nigeria" title="Template:Politics of Nigeria"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Nigeria" title="Template talk:Politics of Nigeria"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Nigeria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Nigeria"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>president of Nigeria</b>, officially the <b>president of the Federal Republic of Nigeria</b>, is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> and <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Nigeria">Federal Republic of Nigeria</a>. The president directs the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Government_of_Nigeria#Executive_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Government of Nigeria">executive branch</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal government of Nigeria">Federal Government</a> and is the <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander-in-Chief">commander-in-chief</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Armed_Forces" title="Nigerian Armed Forces">Nigerian Armed Forces</a>. </p><p>The offices, powers, and titles of the head of state and the head of government were officially merged into the office of the presidency under the <a href="/wiki/Second_Nigerian_Republic" title="Second Nigerian Republic">1979 Constitution of Nigeria</a>. </p><p>Executive power is vested in the president. The power includes the execution and enforcement of federal law and the responsibility to appoint federal executive, diplomatic, regulatory, and judicial officers. Based on constitutional provisions empowering the president to appoint and receive ambassadors and conclude treaties with foreign powers, and on subsequent laws enacted by the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Nigeria)" title="National Assembly (Nigeria)">House</a>, the presidency has primary responsibility for conducting foreign <a href="/wiki/Policy" title="Policy">policy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The president also plays a leading role in federal legislation and domestic policymaking. As part of the system of <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">separation of powers</a>, the Constitution gives the president the power to sign or <a href="/wiki/Veto" title="Veto">veto</a> federal legislation. Presidents are typically viewed as leaders of their political parties, major policy making is significantly shaped by the outcome of presidential elections. </p><p>The president is <a href="/wiki/Direct_election" title="Direct election">directly elected</a> in national elections to a four-year term, along with the <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Nigeria" title="Vice President of Nigeria">vice president</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bola_Tinubu" title="Bola Tinubu">Bola Tinubu</a> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Nigeria" title="List of heads of state of Nigeria">16th</a> and current president of Nigeria, having <a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Bola_Tinubu" title="Inauguration of Bola Tinubu">assumed office</a> on 29 May 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Nigeria&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ceremonial_presidency_and_the_First_Republic_(1963–1966)"><span id="Ceremonial_presidency_and_the_First_Republic_.281963.E2.80.931966.29"></span>Ceremonial presidency and the First Republic (1963–1966)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Nigeria&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ceremonial presidency and the First Republic (1963–1966)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 1 October 1960, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> gained independence from Britain. An all-Nigerian Executive Council was headed by the <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister" title="Prime minister">prime minister</a>, Alhaji Sir <a href="/wiki/Abubakar_Tafawa_Balewa" title="Abubakar Tafawa Balewa">Abubakar Tafawa Balewa</a>. On 16 November 1960, <a href="/wiki/Nnamdi_Azikiwe" title="Nnamdi Azikiwe">Nnamdi Azikiwe</a> became the first governor-general of a federation of three regions of the north, east and west, with <a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a> as the Federal Capital. Each of the regions was headed by a <a href="/wiki/Premier" title="Premier">premier</a> with a governor as <a href="/wiki/Ceremony" title="Ceremony">ceremonial</a> head. The governors and governor-general represented the <a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen of Nigeria">queen of Nigeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a>. On 1 October 1963, Nigeria became a <a href="/wiki/Federal_republic" title="Federal republic">Federal republic</a> thereby abolishing <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Nigeria_(1960%E2%80%931963)" title="Monarchy of Nigeria (1960–1963)">its monarchy</a>, but remained a member of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>. An amendment to the 1960 Independence Constitution replaced the office of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_and_governors-general_of_Nigeria" title="List of governors and governors-general of Nigeria">governor-general</a> with that of the president. Nnamdi Azikwe was sworn into that office on 1 October 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The office at that time was primarily ceremonial, and the main duties of the president were on such things as receiving foreign dignitaries and opening Parliament. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_rule_(1966–1979)"><span id="Military_rule_.281966.E2.80.931979.29"></span>Military rule (1966–1979)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Nigeria&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Military rule (1966–1979)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a <a href="/wiki/1966_Nigerian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1966 Nigerian coup d'état">January 1966 failed coup d'état</a>, a group of army officers, led by Major <a href="/wiki/Chukwuma_Nzeogwu" title="Chukwuma Nzeogwu">Chukwuma Nzeogwu</a>, overthrew the federal and regional governments, killed the prime minister Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, and tried to take control of the government. Nzeogwu was countered, captured, and imprisoned by the Army general officer commanding Major General <a href="/wiki/Johnson_Aguiyi-Ironsi" title="Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi">Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi</a>. Aguiyi-Ironsi was named Military Head of State.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 1966, a group of northern army officers revolted against the government, killed General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi, and appointed the army chief of staff, Lieutenant Colonel <a href="/wiki/Yakubu_Gowon" title="Yakubu Gowon">Yakubu Gowon</a> as the head of the new military government.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1975, General Yakubu Gowon was deposed and Brigadier <a href="/wiki/Murtala_Mohammed" class="mw-redirect" title="Murtala Mohammed">Murtala Mohammed</a> was made head of the Federal Military Government of Nigeria until his assassination in 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon his death, the chief-of-staff, Supreme Headquarters (equivalent to a <a href="/wiki/Vice_president" title="Vice president">vice president</a>) General <a href="/wiki/Olusegun_Obasanjo" title="Olusegun Obasanjo">Olusegun Obasanjo</a> assumed office as head of state in a meeting of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Military_Council_of_Nigeria_(1966%E2%80%931979)" title="Supreme Military Council of Nigeria (1966–1979)">Supreme Military Council</a>, keeping the <a href="/wiki/Command_hierarchy" title="Command hierarchy">chain of command</a> established by General <a href="/wiki/Murtala_Muhammed" title="Murtala Muhammed">Murtala Muhammed</a> in place. General Obasanjo was responsible for completing the democratic transition begun by his predecessor, which culminated in <a href="/wiki/1979_Nigerian_presidential_election" title="1979 Nigerian presidential election">an election in August 1979</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1979, Nigeria adopted a <a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">federal</a> <a href="/wiki/Presidential_republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential republic">presidential</a> constitution. The presidency became an executive post, with powers similar to those of its American counterpart. The legislature was a bicameral <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Nigeria)" title="National Assembly (Nigeria)">National Assembly</a>, comprising a <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Nigeria" title="Senate of Nigeria">Senate</a> and <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Nigeria)" title="House of Representatives (Nigeria)">House of Representatives</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Republic_(1979–1983)"><span id="Second_Republic_.281979.E2.80.931983.29"></span>Second Republic (1979–1983)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Nigeria&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Second Republic (1979–1983)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 1 October 1979, after more than 13 years of military rule, Nigeria returned to democratic rule. The <a href="/wiki/National_Party_of_Nigeria" title="National Party of Nigeria">National Party of Nigeria</a> emerged victorious in the presidential election and <a href="/wiki/Shehu_Shagari" title="Shehu Shagari">Shehu Shagari</a> became the first democratically elected president.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_rule_(1983–1999)"><span id="Military_rule_.281983.E2.80.931999.29"></span>Military rule (1983–1999)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Nigeria&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Military rule (1983–1999)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 31 December 1983, the military overthrew the Second Republic. Major General <a href="/wiki/Muhammadu_Buhari" title="Muhammadu Buhari">Muhammadu Buhari</a> emerged as the chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Military_Council_of_Nigeria_(1966%E2%80%931979)" title="Supreme Military Council of Nigeria (1966–1979)">Supreme Military Council (SMC)</a>, the new head of state.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 1985, General Buhari's government was peacefully overthrown by the Army chief of staff, Major General <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Babangida" title="Ibrahim Babangida">Ibrahim Babangida</a>. Babangida became the president and chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Ruling_Council_(Nigeria)" title="Armed Forces Ruling Council (Nigeria)">Armed Forces Ruling Council</a>. </p><p>On 26 August 1993, General Babangida stepped down and chose an interim government to replace him. <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Shonekan" title="Ernest Shonekan">Ernest Shonekan</a> was named as interim head of state.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> General <a href="/wiki/Sani_Abacha" title="Sani Abacha">Sani Abacha</a> seized power from Shonekan on 17 November 1993, and became head of state and chairman of the Provisional Ruling Council.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 8 June 1998, General Abacha died at the <a href="/wiki/Aso_Villa" title="Aso Villa">presidential villa</a> in the Nigerian capital, Abuja.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Major General <a href="/wiki/Abdulsalami_Abubakar" title="Abdulsalami Abubakar">Abdulsalami Abubakar</a> became the new head of state and chairman of the Provisional Ruling Council.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fourth_Republic_(1999–present)"><span id="Fourth_Republic_.281999.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Fourth Republic (1999–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Nigeria&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fourth Republic (1999–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 29 May 1999, General Abdulsalami Abubakar stepped down,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and handed over power to a former military head of state, <a href="/wiki/Olusegun_Obasanjo" title="Olusegun Obasanjo">Olusegun Obasanjo</a>, after being <a href="/wiki/1999_Nigerian_presidential_election" title="1999 Nigerian presidential election">elected</a> some months prior. Obasanjo served two terms in office. </p><p>On 29 May 2007, <a href="/wiki/Umaru_Musa_Yar%27Adua" title="Umaru Musa Yar'Adua">Umaru Musa Yar'Adua</a> was sworn in as president of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and the 13th head of state completing the first successful transition of power, from one democratically elected president to another in Nigeria.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yar'Adua died on 5 May 2010 at the presidential villa, in <a href="/wiki/Abuja" title="Abuja">Abuja</a>, Nigeria, becoming the second head of state to die there after General <a href="/wiki/Sani_Abacha" title="Sani Abacha">Sani Abacha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 6 May 2010, Vice President <a href="/wiki/Goodluck_Jonathan" title="Goodluck Jonathan">Goodluck Jonathan</a> was sworn in as president of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and the 14th head of state.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 29 May 2015, <a href="/wiki/Muhammadu_Buhari" title="Muhammadu Buhari">Muhammadu Buhari</a>, a former military head of state was sworn in as president of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and the 15th head of state after winning the <a href="/wiki/2015_Nigerian_general_election" title="2015 Nigerian general election">general election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also served two terms in office. </p><p>On 29 May 2023, <a href="/wiki/Bola_Tinubu" title="Bola Tinubu">Bola Tinubu</a> was sworn in as president of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and the 16th head of state after winning the <a href="/wiki/2023_Nigerian_general_election" title="2023 Nigerian general election">2023 Nigerian general election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selection_process">Selection process</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Nigeria&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Selection process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electoral_system">Electoral system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Nigeria&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Electoral system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The president of Nigeria is elected using a modified <a href="/wiki/Two-round_system" title="Two-round system">two-round system</a> with up to three rounds. To be elected in the first round, a candidate must receive a <a href="/wiki/Plurality_(voting)" title="Plurality (voting)">plurality</a> of the votes, as well as over 25% of the vote in at least 24 of the <a href="/wiki/States_of_Nigeria" title="States of Nigeria">36 states</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Capital_Territory_(Nigeria)" title="Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria)">Federal Capital Territory</a>. If no candidate passes this threshold, a second round will be held between the top candidate and the next candidate to have received a majority of votes in the highest number of states. In the second round, a candidate still must receive the most votes, as well as over 25% of the vote in at least 24 of the <a href="/wiki/States_of_Nigeria" title="States of Nigeria">36 states</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Capital_Territory_(Nigeria)" title="Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria)">Federal Capital Territory</a> in order to be elected. If neither candidate passes this threshold, a third round will be held, where a <a href="/wiki/Majority" title="Majority">simple majority</a> of the votes is required to be elected.<sup id="cite_ref-constitution1999_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-constitution1999-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Presidential candidates run for office with a running mate, their party's candidate for vice president. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eligibility">Eligibility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Nigeria&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Eligibility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chapter VI, Part I, Section 131 of the constitution states that a person may be qualified for election of the office of the president if:<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>They are a citizen of Nigeria by birth;</li> <li>They have attained the age of 35 years (40 before 2018<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>);</li> <li>They are a member of a political party and are sponsored by that political party;</li> <li>They have been educated up to at least <a href="/wiki/National_Examination_Council_(Nigeria)" title="National Examination Council (Nigeria)">School Certificate</a> level or its equivalent.</li></ul> <p>A person who meets the above qualifications is still disqualified from holding the office of the president if: </p> <ul><li>They have voluntarily acquired the citizenship of a country other than Nigeria (except in such cases as may be prescribed by the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Nigeria)" title="National Assembly (Nigeria)">National Assembly</a>) or they have made a declaration of allegiance to such other country;</li> <li>They have been elected to such office at any two previous elections;</li> <li>Under the law in any part of Nigeria, they are adjudged to be a <a href="/wiki/Insanity" title="Insanity">lunatic</a> or otherwise declared to be of unsound mind;</li> <li>They are under a sentence of death imposed by any competent court of law or tribunal in Nigeria or a sentence of imprisonment or fine for any offence involving dishonesty or fraud or for any other offence, imposed on them by any court or tribunal or substituted by a competent authority for any other sentence imposed on them by such a court or tribunal;</li> <li>Within a period of less than ten years before the date of the election to the office of President they have been convicted and sentenced for an offence involving dishonesty or they have been found guilty of the contravention of the Code of Conduct;</li> <li>They are an undischarged bankrupt, having been adjudged or otherwise declared bankrupt under any law in force in Nigeria or any other country;</li> <li>Being a person employed in the civil or public service of the Federation or of any State, they have not resigned, withdrawn or retired from the employment at least thirty days before the date of the election; or</li> <li>They are a member of any <a href="/wiki/Secret_society" title="Secret society">secret society</a>;</li> <li>They have been indicted for embezzlement or fraud by a Judicial Commission of Inquiry or an Administrative Panel of Inquiry or a Tribunal set up under the Tribunals of Inquiry Act, a Tribunals of Inquiry law or any other law by the federal or state government which indictment has been accepted by the federal or state government, respectively;</li> <li>They have presented a forged certificate<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (March 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> to the <a href="/wiki/Independent_National_Electoral_Commission" title="Independent National Electoral Commission">Independent National Electoral Commission</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inauguration">Inauguration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Nigeria&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Inauguration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nigerian_presidential_inauguration" title="Nigerian presidential inauguration">Nigerian presidential inauguration</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Oath_of_office">Oath of office</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Nigeria&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Oath of office"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Nigeria" title="Constitution of Nigeria">Constitution of Nigeria</a> specifies an oath of office for the president of the federation. The oath is administered by the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Nigeria">chief justice of the Supreme Court of Nigeria</a> or the person for the time being appointed to exercise the functions of that office:<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I do solemnly swear/affirm that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to the Federal Republic of Nigeria; that as President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, I will discharge my duties to the best of my ability, faithfully and in accordance with the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and the law, and always in the interest of the sovereignty, integrity, solidarity, well-being and prosperity of the Federal Republic of Nigeria; that I will strive to preserve the Fundamental Objectives and Directive Principles of State Policy contained in the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria; that I will not allow my personal interest to influence my official conduct or my official decisions; that I will to the best of my ability preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria; that I will abide by the Code of Conduct contained in the Fifth Schedule to the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria; that in all circumstances, I will do right to all manner of people, according to law, without fear or favour, affection or ill-will; that I will not directly or indirectly communicate or reveal to any person any matter which shall be brought under my consideration or shall become known to me as President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, except as may be required for the due discharge of my duties as President; and that I will devote myself to the service and well-being of the people of Nigeria. So help me God.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Powers">Powers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Nigeria&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Powers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_presidential_appointments">List of presidential appointments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Nigeria&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: List of presidential appointments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_to_the_Government_of_the_Federation" title="Secretary to the Government of the Federation">Secretary to the Government of the Federation</a></li> <li>Members of <a href="/wiki/Federal_Executive_Council_(Nigeria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Executive Council (Nigeria)">Federal Executive Council</a></li> <li>The High Command of the Armed Forces</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_to_the_President_(Nigeria)" title="Chief of Staff to the President (Nigeria)">Chief of Staff to the President</a></li> <li>Presidential aides</li> <li>Presidential press secretary</li> <li>Heads of Federal Departments and Agencies</li> <li>Heads of diplomatic missions of Nigeria</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commander-in-chief">Commander-in-chief</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Nigeria&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Commander-in-chief"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The president of Nigeria bears ultimate authority over the <a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Armed_Forces" title="Nigerian Armed Forces">Nigerian Armed Forces</a> as its <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a>, in which the president issues military directives, makes defence policy and appoints the high command like the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Defence_Staff_(Nigeria)" title="Chief of Defence Staff (Nigeria)">Chief of Defence Staff</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Nigeria&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Foreign policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The president determines the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Nigeria" title="Foreign relations of Nigeria">foreign relations of Nigeria</a>, and represents the state in international relations, conducts negotiations and signs <a href="/wiki/Ratification" title="Ratification">ratification</a> documents. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ceremonial_duties">Ceremonial duties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Nigeria&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Ceremonial duties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The president is an <i>ex officio</i> grand <a href="/wiki/Commander" title="Commander">commander</a> in the Order of the Federal Republic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Incumbency">Incumbency</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Nigeria&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Incumbency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Term_limits">Term limits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Nigeria&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Term limits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is a four year tenure with a two-term limit for the president in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Nigeria" title="Constitution of Nigeria">Constitution of Nigeria</a>. There was an attempt to modify the term limits in 2006 for Obasanjo, but it did not materialize.<sup id="cite_ref-termlimits_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-termlimits-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Residence">Residence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Nigeria&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Residence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The president of Nigeria lives and works in the <a href="/wiki/Aso_Villa" title="Aso Villa">Aso Rock Presidential Villa</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Protection">Protection</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Nigeria&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Protection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/State_Security_Service_(Nigeria)" title="State Security Service (Nigeria)">State Security Service</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Guard_Brigade_(Nigeria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Guard Brigade (Nigeria)">Presidential Guard Brigade</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Army" title="Nigerian Army">Nigerian Army</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Nigeria&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boeing_737-7N6_BBJ,_Nigeria_-_Air_Force_AN1323283.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Boeing_737-7N6_BBJ%2C_Nigeria_-_Air_Force_AN1323283.jpg/220px-Boeing_737-7N6_BBJ%2C_Nigeria_-_Air_Force_AN1323283.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Boeing_737-7N6_BBJ%2C_Nigeria_-_Air_Force_AN1323283.jpg/330px-Boeing_737-7N6_BBJ%2C_Nigeria_-_Air_Force_AN1323283.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Boeing_737-7N6_BBJ%2C_Nigeria_-_Air_Force_AN1323283.jpg/440px-Boeing_737-7N6_BBJ%2C_Nigeria_-_Air_Force_AN1323283.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="742" /></a><figcaption>Eagle One</figcaption></figure> <p>The land transportation of the president of Nigeria is provided by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal government of Nigeria">Nigerian Government</a>. The president is driven on ground by the <a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Mobile_Police" title="Nigerian Mobile Police">Mobile Police Force</a> while closely protected by <a href="/wiki/State_Security_Service_(Nigeria)" title="State Security Service (Nigeria)">Department of State Security agents</a>. The presidents of Nigeria have statutorily used the <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_S-Class" title="Mercedes-Benz S-Class">Mercedes-Benz Special Class</a>. The current president uses the <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Maybach_S600" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercedes-Maybach S600">Mercedes-Maybach S680</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Air_Force" title="Nigerian Air Force">Nigerian Air Force</a> provides for the aerial transport of the president. The current presidential air fleet consists of: </p><p>a. A <a href="/wiki/Boeing_Business_Jet" title="Boeing Business Jet">Boeing Business Jet (BBJ 737)</a> </p><p>b. A <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Falcon_7X" title="Dassault Falcon 7X">Dassault Falcon 7X</a> Jet </p><p>c. Two Gulfstream Jets (<a href="/wiki/Gulfstream_G400/G500/G600" title="Gulfstream G400/G500/G600">500</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gulfstream_G550" title="Gulfstream G550">550</a>) </p><p>d. Two <a href="/wiki/AgustaWestland_AW189" title="AgustaWestland AW189">AW-189</a> helicopters<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>e. Two <a href="/wiki/AgustaWestland_AW139" title="AgustaWestland AW139">AW-139</a> helicopters<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>F. <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A330" title="Airbus A330">Airbus A330</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Nigeria&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/32px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/48px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/64px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Nigeria" title="Portal:Nigeria">Nigeria portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_and_governors-general_of_Nigeria" title="List of governors and governors-general of Nigeria">List of governors and governors-general of Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Nigeria" title="List of heads of state of Nigeria">List of heads of state of Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_presidential_inauguration" title="Nigerian presidential inauguration">Nigerian presidential inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Nigeria" title="Prime Minister of Nigeria">Prime Minister of Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nigerian_heads_of_state_by_age" title="List of Nigerian heads of state by age">List of Nigerian heads of state by age</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Nigeria&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFIbeh2015" class="citation news cs1">Ibeh, Nnenna (30 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/184046-buhari-to-earn-n14-million-as-annual-salary-allowances.html">"Buhari to earn N14 million as annual salary, allowances"</a>. <i>Premium Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Premium+Times&rft.atitle=Buhari+to+earn+N14+million+as+annual+salary%2C+allowances&rft.date=2015-05-30&rft.aulast=Ibeh&rft.aufirst=Nnenna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.premiumtimesng.com%2Fnews%2Fheadlines%2F184046-buhari-to-earn-n14-million-as-annual-salary-allowances.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://guardian.ng/features/executive-order-and-presidential-power-in-the-nigerian-constitutional-democracy/">"Executive Order and presidential power in the Nigerian constitutional democracy"</a>. <i>The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News</i>. 17 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian+Nigeria+News+-+Nigeria+and+World+News&rft.atitle=Executive+Order+and+presidential+power+in+the+Nigerian+constitutional+democracy&rft.date=2018-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fguardian.ng%2Ffeatures%2Fexecutive-order-and-presidential-power-in-the-nigerian-constitutional-democracy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArogbonlo2023" class="citation web cs1">Arogbonlo, Israel (28 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tribuneonlineng.com/may-29-im-not-deterred-by-tinubus-inauguration-obi-opens-up/">"May 29: I'm not deterred by Tinubu's inauguration, Obi opens up"</a>. <i>Tribune Online</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tribune+Online&rft.atitle=May+29%3A+I%27m+not+deterred+by+Tinubu%27s+inauguration%2C+Obi+opens+up&rft.date=2023-05-28&rft.aulast=Arogbonlo&rft.aufirst=Israel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftribuneonlineng.com%2Fmay-29-im-not-deterred-by-tinubus-inauguration-obi-opens-up%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArogbonlo2023" class="citation web cs1">Arogbonlo, Israel (28 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ejesgist.ng/breaking-bola-tinubu-sworn-in-as-16th-president/">"May 29: Bola Tinubu sworn in as 16th President"</a>. <i>Ejes Gist News Nigeria</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ejes+Gist+News+Nigeria&rft.atitle=May+29%3A+Bola+Tinubu+sworn+in+as+16th+President&rft.date=2023-05-28&rft.aulast=Arogbonlo&rft.aufirst=Israel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fejesgist.ng%2Fbreaking-bola-tinubu-sworn-in-as-16th-president%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://credo.library.umass.edu/view/pageturn/mums312-b156-i083/#page/4/mode/1up">"bookreader demo"</a>. <i>credo.library.umass.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=credo.library.umass.edu&rft.atitle=bookreader+demo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcredo.library.umass.edu%2Fview%2Fpageturn%2Fmums312-b156-i083%2F%23page%2F4%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-35312370">"How first coup still haunts Nigeria 50 years on"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 15 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=How+first+coup+still+haunts+Nigeria+50+years+on&rft.date=2016-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-35312370&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranz2009" class="citation web cs1">Franz, Alyssa (10 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/gowon-general-yakubu-dan-yumma-1934/">"General Yakubu Dan-Yumma Gowon (1934- ) •"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+Yakubu+Dan-Yumma+Gowon+%281934-+%29+%E2%80%A2&rft.date=2009-06-10&rft.aulast=Franz&rft.aufirst=Alyssa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackpast.org%2Fglobal-african-history%2Fgowon-general-yakubu-dan-yumma-1934%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailytrust.com/16-things-to-know-about-gen-murtala-muhammed/">"16 things to know about Gen Murtala Muhammed"</a>. <i>Daily Trust</i>. 13 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Trust&rft.atitle=16+things+to+know+about+Gen+Murtala+Muhammed&rft.date=2018-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdailytrust.com%2F16-things-to-know-about-gen-murtala-muhammed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2007/4/18/profile-olusegun-obasanjo">"Profile: Olusegun Obasanjo"</a>. <i>Al Jazeera</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Olusegun+Obasanjo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2007%2F4%2F18%2Fprofile-olusegun-obasanjo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOkom2018" class="citation web cs1">Okom, Ebony (30 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fmino.gov.ng/?p=5054">"1979 October 1: Alhaji Shehu Shagari was sworn in as president"</a>. <i>Federal Ministry of Information and National Orientation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+Ministry+of+Information+and+National+Orientation&rft.atitle=1979+October+1%3A+Alhaji+Shehu+Shagari+was+sworn+in+as+president.&rft.date=2018-09-30&rft.aulast=Okom&rft.aufirst=Ebony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffmino.gov.ng%2F%3Fp%3D5054&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://editor.guardian.ng/opinion/the-1985-coup/">"The 1985 coup"</a>. <i>The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News</i>. 22 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian+Nigeria+News+-+Nigeria+and+World+News&rft.atitle=The+1985+coup&rft.date=2018-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feditor.guardian.ng%2Fopinion%2Fthe-1985-coup%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/longterm/nigeria/stories/bab0893.htm">"Washingtonpost.com:"</a>. <i>www.washingtonpost.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.washingtonpost.com&rft.atitle=Washingtonpost.com%3A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-srv%2Finatl%2Flongterm%2Fnigeria%2Fstories%2Fbab0893.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdewole2022" class="citation web cs1">Adewole, Segun (11 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://punchng.com/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-ernest-shonekan/">"10 things you didn't know about Ernest Shonekan"</a>. <i>Punch Newspapers</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Punch+Newspapers&rft.atitle=10+things+you+didn%27t+know+about+Ernest+Shonekan&rft.date=2022-01-11&rft.aulast=Adewole&rft.aufirst=Segun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpunchng.com%2F10-things-you-didnt-know-about-ernest-shonekan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaufman1998" class="citation news cs1">Kaufman, Michael T. (9 June 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/09/world/new-chapter-nigeria-obituary-sani-abacha-54-beacon-brutality-era-when-brutality.html">"NEW CHAPTER IN NIGERIA: THE OBITUARY; Sani Abacha, 54, a Beacon of Brutality In an Era When Brutality Was Standard"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=NEW+CHAPTER+IN+NIGERIA%3A+THE+OBITUARY%3B+Sani+Abacha%2C+54%2C+a+Beacon+of+Brutality+In+an+Era+When+Brutality+Was+Standard&rft.date=1998-06-09&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Kaufman&rft.aufirst=Michael+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1998%2F06%2F09%2Fworld%2Fnew-chapter-nigeria-obituary-sani-abacha-54-beacon-brutality-era-when-brutality.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRupert1998" class="citation news cs1">Rupert, James (9 June 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1998/06/09/gen-sani-abacha-dies/525d7c85-020d-4327-a342-e904104daf1d/">"GEN. SANI ABACHA DIES"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=GEN.+SANI+ABACHA+DIES&rft.date=1998-06-09&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Rupert&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Flocal%2F1998%2F06%2F09%2Fgen-sani-abacha-dies%2F525d7c85-020d-4327-a342-e904104daf1d%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrr" class="citation news cs1">Orr, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/diplomat-claims-that-disaffected-soldiers-poisoned-sani-abacha-1.173403">"Diplomat claims that disaffected soldiers poisoned Sani Abacha"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Diplomat+claims+that+disaffected+soldiers+poisoned+Sani+Abacha&rft.aulast=Orr&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fdiplomat-claims-that-disaffected-soldiers-poisoned-sani-abacha-1.173403&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-f9f1cd17-2c50-442e-88fc-e2deb46dbde1">"Sani Abacha: Timeline of the late Nigerian dictator's life"</a>. <i>BBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Sani+Abacha%3A+Timeline+of+the+late+Nigerian+dictator%27s+life&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fresources%2Fidt-f9f1cd17-2c50-442e-88fc-e2deb46dbde1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecable.ng/day-sani-abacha-died">"The day Sani Abacha died!"</a>. <i>TheCable</i>. 8 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheCable&rft.atitle=The+day+Sani+Abacha+died%21&rft.date=2018-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecable.ng%2Fday-sani-abacha-died&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOpejobi2017" class="citation web cs1">Opejobi, Seun (19 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailypost.ng/2017/06/19/details-abacha-died-1998-al-mustapha/">"Details of how Abacha died in 1998 – Al-Mustapha"</a>. <i>Daily Post Nigeria</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Post+Nigeria&rft.atitle=Details+of+how+Abacha+died+in+1998+%E2%80%93+Al-Mustapha&rft.date=2017-06-19&rft.aulast=Opejobi&rft.aufirst=Seun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdailypost.ng%2F2017%2F06%2F19%2Fdetails-abacha-died-1998-al-mustapha%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://products.kitsapsun.com/archive/1998/06-09/0036_nigeria__dictator_dies__successor.html">"NIGERIA: Dictator dies; successor chosen"</a>. <i>products.kitsapsun.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=products.kitsapsun.com&rft.atitle=NIGERIA%3A+Dictator+dies%3B+successor+chosen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fproducts.kitsapsun.com%2Farchive%2F1998%2F06-09%2F0036_nigeria__dictator_dies__successor.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jun-09-mn-58113-story.html">"Nigerian Leader Dies; Military Picks Successor"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. 9 June 1998<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Nigerian+Leader+Dies%3B+Military+Picks+Successor&rft.date=1998-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1998-jun-09-mn-58113-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waado.org/nigerian_scholars/archive/docum/genabdu.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"My Transition Agenda for Development" [Text of Speech to the Nigerian Nation, July 20, 1998] by General Abdulsalam Abubakar"</a>. <i>www.waado.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.waado.org&rft.atitle=%22My+Transition+Agenda+for+Development%22+%5BText+of+Speech+to+the+Nigerian+Nation%2C+July+20%2C+1998%5D+by+General+Abdulsalam+Abubakar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.waado.org%2Fnigerian_scholars%2Farchive%2Fdocum%2Fgenabdu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOnishi1999" class="citation news cs1">Onishi, Norimitsu (30 May 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1999/05/30/world/nigeria-s-military-turns-over-power-to-elected-leader.html">"Nigeria's Military Turns Over Power to Elected Leader"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Nigeria%27s+Military+Turns+Over+Power+to+Elected+Leader&rft.date=1999-05-30&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Onishi&rft.aufirst=Norimitsu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1999%2F05%2F30%2Fworld%2Fnigeria-s-military-turns-over-power-to-elected-leader.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=10516490">"Yar'Adua Inauguration Marks Key Point for Nigeria"</a>. <i>NPR.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR.org&rft.atitle=Yar%27Adua+Inauguration+Marks+Key+Point+for+Nigeria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D10516490&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://saharareporters.com/2010/02/07/umaru-musa-yar%E2%80%99adua-took-piss">"Umaru Musa Yar'adua took the piss"</a>. <i>Sahara Reporters</i>. 7 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sahara+Reporters&rft.atitle=Umaru+Musa+Yar%27adua+took+the+piss&rft.date=2010-02-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsaharareporters.com%2F2010%2F02%2F07%2Fumaru-musa-yar%25E2%2580%2599adua-took-piss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://allafrica.com/stories/200705300790.">"Nigeria: Inauguration Speech by President Umar Musa Yar'Adua"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nigeria%3A+Inauguration+Speech+by+President+Umar+Musa+Yar%27Adua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fallafrica.com%2Fstories%2F200705300790.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2010/05/20105523627997165.html">"Nigeria's president Yar'Adua dies"</a>. <i>www.aljazeera.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aljazeera.com&rft.atitle=Nigeria%27s+president+Yar%27Adua+dies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fafrica%2F2010%2F05%2F20105523627997165.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhiteman2010" class="citation news cs1">Whiteman, Kaye (5 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/may/06/nigeria-president-umara-yaradua-obituary">"Umaru Yar'Adua obituary"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Umaru+Yar%27Adua+obituary&rft.date=2010-05-05&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Whiteman&rft.aufirst=Kaye&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2010%2Fmay%2F06%2Fnigeria-president-umara-yaradua-obituary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6187249.stm">"Obituary: President Yar'Adua"</a>. 6 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+President+Yar%27Adua&rft.date=2010-05-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fafrica%2F6187249.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/africa/late-nigerian-president-buried-katsina">"Late Nigerian President Buried in Katsina | Voice of America – English"</a>. <i>www.voanews.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.voanews.com&rft.atitle=Late+Nigerian+President+Buried+in+Katsina+%7C+Voice+of+America+%E2%80%93+English&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fafrica%2Flate-nigerian-president-buried-katsina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theafricareport.com/9211/nigerian-president-umaru-yar-adua-a-death-foretold/">"Nigerian President Umaru Yar' Adua – a death foretold"</a>. <i>The Africa Report.com</i>. 6 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Africa+Report.com&rft.atitle=Nigerian+President+Umaru+Yar%27+Adua+%E2%80%93+a+death+foretold&rft.date=2010-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theafricareport.com%2F9211%2Fnigerian-president-umaru-yar-adua-a-death-foretold%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issafrica.org/amp/iss-today/nigeria-mourns-president-umaru-musa-yaradua">"Nigeria Mourns President Umaru Musa Yar'Adua"</a>. <i>ISS Africa</i>. 7 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ISS+Africa&rft.atitle=Nigeria+Mourns+President+Umaru+Musa+Yar%27Adua&rft.date=2010-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fissafrica.org%2Famp%2Fiss-today%2Fnigeria-mourns-president-umaru-musa-yaradua&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/7683904/Nigerian-president-Umaru-YarAdua-dies-after-months-of-illness.html">"Nigerian president Umaru Yar'Adua dies after months of illness"</a></span>. <i>Daily Telegraph</i>. 6 May 2010. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/7683904/Nigerian-president-Umaru-YarAdua-dies-after-months-of-illness.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Nigerian+president+Umaru+Yar%27Adua+dies+after+months+of+illness&rft.date=2010-05-06&rft.issn=0307-1235&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fafricaandindianocean%2Fnigeria%2F7683904%2FNigerian-president-Umaru-YarAdua-dies-after-months-of-illness.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/africa/jonathan-sworn-new-nigerian-president">"Jonathan Sworn in as New Nigerian President | Voice of America – English"</a>. <i>www.voanews.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.voanews.com&rft.atitle=Jonathan+Sworn+in+as+New+Nigerian+President+%7C+Voice+of+America+%E2%80%93+English&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fafrica%2Fjonathan-sworn-new-nigerian-president&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2010/05/20105681641917266.html">"Nigeria swears in new president"</a>. <i>www.aljazeera.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aljazeera.com&rft.atitle=Nigeria+swears+in+new+president&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fafrica%2F2010%2F05%2F20105681641917266.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-goodluck-jonathan-sworn-in-as-nigerian-president-2010may06-story.html">"Goodluck Jonathan sworn in as Nigerian president"</a>. <i>San Diego Union-Tribune</i>. 6 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=San+Diego+Union-Tribune&rft.atitle=Goodluck+Jonathan+sworn+in+as+Nigerian+president&rft.date=2010-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sandiegouniontribune.com%2Fsdut-goodluck-jonathan-sworn-in-as-nigerian-president-2010may06-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-president-events-idUSTRE64523M20100506">"Timeline: Goodluck Jonathan sworn in as Nigeria's president"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 6 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Timeline%3A+Goodluck+Jonathan+sworn+in+as+Nigeria%27s+president&rft.date=2010-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-nigeria-president-events-idUSTRE64523M20100506&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/20100506-nigeria-goodluck-jonathan-sworn-president-north-south-political-succession">"Goodluck Jonathan is sworn in as president"</a>. <i>France 24</i>. 6 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Goodluck+Jonathan+is+sworn+in+as+president&rft.date=2010-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20100506-nigeria-goodluck-jonathan-sworn-president-north-south-political-succession&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmithagencies2010" class="citation news cs1">Smith, David; agencies (6 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/may/06/goodluck-jonathan-nigeria-president">"Goodluck Jonathan sworn in as Nigerian president"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Goodluck+Jonathan+sworn+in+as+Nigerian+president&rft.date=2010-05-06&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=agencies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2010%2Fmay%2F06%2Fgoodluck-jonathan-nigeria-president&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaith_KarimiChristian_Purefoy2015" class="citation web cs1">Faith Karimi; Christian Purefoy (29 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2015/05/29/africa/nigeria-buhari-sworn-in/index.html">"Nigeria: Muhammadu Buhari sworn in as President"</a>. <i>CNN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Nigeria%3A+Muhammadu+Buhari+sworn+in+as+President&rft.date=2015-05-29&rft.au=Faith+Karimi&rft.au=Christian+Purefoy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2015%2F05%2F29%2Fafrica%2Fnigeria-buhari-sworn-in%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/20150529-nigeria-buhari-inauguration-president-jonathan">"Buhari sworn in as Nigeria's president after historic win"</a>. <i>France 24</i>. 29 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Buhari+sworn+in+as+Nigeria%27s+president+after+historic+win&rft.date=2015-05-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20150529-nigeria-buhari-inauguration-president-jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2015" class="citation news cs1">Smith, David (29 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/29/historic-succession-complete-buhari-sworn-in-nigerian-president">"Historic succession complete as Buhari is sworn in as the president of Nigeria"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Historic+succession+complete+as+Buhari+is+sworn+in+as+the+president+of+Nigeria&rft.date=2015-05-29&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2015%2Fmay%2F29%2Fhistoric-succession-complete-buhari-sworn-in-nigerian-president&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonica_MarkDavid_Smith2015" class="citation news cs1">Monica Mark; David Smith (1 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/31/opposition-candidate-muhammadu-buhari-wins-nigerian-election">"Nigerian election: opposition leader Muhammadu Buhari sweeps to victory"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Nigerian+election%3A+opposition+leader+Muhammadu+Buhari+sweeps+to+victory&rft.date=2015-04-01&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.au=Monica+Mark&rft.au=David+Smith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2015%2Fmar%2F31%2Fopposition-candidate-muhammadu-buhari-wins-nigerian-election&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaing2015" class="citation news cs1">Laing, Aislinn (29 May 2015). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/11637544/Nigerias-president-Goodluck-Jonathan-to-hand-over-to-former-dictator-Muhammadu-Buhari.html">"Nigeria's president Goodluck Jonathan hands over to former dictator Muhammadu Buhari"</a></span>. <i>Daily Telegraph</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/11637544/Nigerias-president-Goodluck-Jonathan-to-hand-over-to-former-dictator-Muhammadu-Buhari.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Nigeria%27s+president+Goodluck+Jonathan+hands+over+to+former+dictator+Muhammadu+Buhari&rft.date=2015-05-29&rft.issn=0307-1235&rft.aulast=Laing&rft.aufirst=Aislinn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fafricaandindianocean%2Fnigeria%2F11637544%2FNigerias-president-Goodluck-Jonathan-to-hand-over-to-former-dictator-Muhammadu-Buhari.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoss2015" class="citation news cs1">Ross, Will (29 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-32924530">"Handing over the reins of power in Nigeria"</a>. <i>BBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Handing+over+the+reins+of+power+in+Nigeria&rft.date=2015-05-29&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-32924530&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDamilola_Olufemi2023" class="citation web cs1">Damilola Olufemi (29 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://punchng.com/breaking-tinubu-sworn-in-as-president/index.html">"Nigeria: BREAKING: Tinubu sworn in as President"</a>. <i>Punch</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Punch&rft.atitle=Nigeria%3A+BREAKING%3A+Tinubu+sworn+in+as+President&rft.date=2023-05-29&rft.au=Damilola+Olufemi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpunchng.com%2Fbreaking-tinubu-sworn-in-as-president%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-constitution1999-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-constitution1999_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wipolex.wipo.int/fr/text/179202">"Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999"</a>. <i>Wipo</i>. 24 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wipo&rft.atitle=Constitution+of+the+Federal+Republic+of+Nigeria+1999&rft.date=2022-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwipolex.wipo.int%2Ffr%2Ftext%2F179202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legalnaija.com/2014/10/constitutional-requirements-for.html">"CONSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR RUNNING FOR OFFICE: OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENCY"</a>. 17 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CONSTITUTIONAL+REQUIREMENTS+FOR+RUNNING+FOR+OFFICE%3A+OFFICE+OF+THE+PRESIDENCY&rft.date=2014-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legalnaija.com%2F2014%2F10%2Fconstitutional-requirements-for.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDennis_Amata2022" class="citation web cs1">Dennis Amata (20 April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dataphyte.com/latest-reports/explainer-age-qualification-for-elective-positions-in-nigeria/">"Explainer: Age Qualification for Elective Positions in Nigeria"</a>. <i>Dataphyte</i>. dataphyte<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dataphyte&rft.atitle=Explainer%3A+Age+Qualification+for+Elective+Positions+in+Nigeria&rft.date=2022-04-20&rft.au=Dennis+Amata&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dataphyte.com%2Flatest-reports%2Fexplainer-age-qualification-for-elective-positions-in-nigeria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waado.org/NigerDelta/ConstitutionalMatters/1999Constitution/SeventhSchedule.html">"Seventh Schedule of the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria: Oaths of Office"</a>. <i>www.waado.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.waado.org&rft.atitle=Seventh+Schedule+of+the+1999+Constitution+of+Nigeria%3A+Oaths+of+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.waado.org%2FNigerDelta%2FConstitutionalMatters%2F1999Constitution%2FSeventhSchedule.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-termlimits-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-termlimits_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCookSiegle" class="citation web cs1">Cook, Candace; Siegle, Joseph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africacenter.org/spotlight/circumvention-of-term-limits-weakens-governance-in-africa/">"Circumvention of Term Limits Weakens Governance in Africa"</a>. <i>Africa Center for Strategic Studies</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Africa+Center+for+Strategic+Studies&rft.atitle=Circumvention+of+Term+Limits+Weakens+Governance+in+Africa&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Candace&rft.au=Siegle%2C+Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fafricacenter.org%2Fspotlight%2Fcircumvention-of-term-limits-weakens-governance-in-africa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMajeed2022" class="citation web cs1">Majeed, Bakare (16 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/570724-why-were-in-debt-presidential-air-fleet.html">"Why we're in debt - Presidential Air Fleet"</a>. <i>Premium Times Nigeria</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Premium+Times+Nigeria&rft.atitle=Why+we%27re+in+debt+-+Presidential+Air+Fleet&rft.date=2022-12-16&rft.aulast=Majeed&rft.aufirst=Bakare&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.premiumtimesng.com%2Fnews%2Ftop-news%2F570724-why-were-in-debt-presidential-air-fleet.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCapenti2021" class="citation web cs1">Capenti, Fabrizio (30 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aplace2land.com/aw189-nigerian-air-force/">"Second AW189 For Nigerian Air Force | Aplace2land"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Second+AW189+For+Nigerian+Air+Force+%7C+Aplace2land&rft.date=2021-06-30&rft.aulast=Capenti&rft.aufirst=Fabrizio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aplace2land.com%2Faw189-nigerian-air-force%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QlEo_FLT_d4"><i>Nigeria Air Force Agustawestland AW 189 5N-FG2 Landing Malaga LEMG</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2024</span> – via www.youtube.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nigeria+Air+Force+Agustawestland+AW+189+5N-FG2+Landing+Malaga+LEMG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DQlEo_FLT_d4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStroes" class="citation web cs1">Stroes, Jeroen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abpic.co.uk/pictures/view/1291645">"AgustaWestland AW139, NAF-540 / 31067, Nigerian Air Force :"</a>. <i>abpic.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=abpic.co.uk&rft.atitle=AgustaWestland+AW139%2C+NAF-540+%2F+31067%2C+Nigerian+Air+Force+%3A&rft.aulast=Stroes&rft.aufirst=Jeroen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabpic.co.uk%2Fpictures%2Fview%2F1291645&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Nigeria&#124;link=Nigeria_Elections_in_Nigeria" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nigerian_elections" title="Template:Nigerian elections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nigerian_elections" title="Template talk:Nigerian elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nigerian_elections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nigerian elections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Nigeria&#124;link=Nigeria_Elections_in_Nigeria" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria"><img alt="Nigeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Nigeria" title="Elections in Nigeria">Elections in Nigeria</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Presidential elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_Nigerian_presidential_election" title="1979 Nigerian presidential election">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Nigerian_presidential_election" title="1983 Nigerian presidential election">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Nigerian_presidential_election" title="1993 Nigerian presidential election">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Nigerian_presidential_election" title="1999 Nigerian presidential election">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Nigerian_presidential_election" title="2003 Nigerian presidential election">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Nigerian_general_election" title="2007 Nigerian general election">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Nigerian_presidential_election" title="2011 Nigerian presidential election">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Nigerian_general_election" title="2015 Nigerian general election">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Nigerian_general_election" title="2019 Nigerian general election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Nigerian_presidential_election" title="2023 Nigerian presidential election">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Nigeria" title="Senate of Nigeria">Senate elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_Nigerian_parliamentary_election" title="1979 Nigerian parliamentary election">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Nigerian_parliamentary_election" title="1983 Nigerian parliamentary election">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Nigerian_parliamentary_election" title="1992 Nigerian parliamentary election">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Nigerian_parliamentary_election" title="1998 Nigerian parliamentary election">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Nigerian_parliamentary_election" title="1999 Nigerian parliamentary election">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Nigerian_parliamentary_election" title="2003 Nigerian parliamentary election">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Nigerian_general_election#Senate" title="2007 Nigerian general election">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Nigerian_parliamentary_election" title="2011 Nigerian parliamentary election">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Nigerian_general_election#Senate" title="2015 Nigerian general election">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Nigerian_Senate_election" title="2019 Nigerian Senate election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Nigerian_Senate_election" title="2023 Nigerian Senate election">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Nigeria)" title="House of Representatives (Nigeria)">House elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1923_Nigerian_general_election" title="1923 Nigerian general election">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Nigerian_general_election" title="1928 Nigerian general election">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_Nigerian_general_election" title="1933 Nigerian general election">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_Nigerian_general_election" title="1938 Nigerian general election">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_Nigerian_general_election" title="1943 Nigerian general election">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_Nigerian_general_election" title="1947 Nigerian general election">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Nigerian_general_election" title="1954 Nigerian general election">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Nigerian_general_election" title="1959 Nigerian general election">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Nigerian_general_election" title="1964 Nigerian general election">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Nigerian_parliamentary_election" title="1979 Nigerian parliamentary election">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Nigerian_parliamentary_election" title="1983 Nigerian parliamentary election">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Nigerian_parliamentary_election" title="1992 Nigerian parliamentary election">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Nigerian_parliamentary_election" title="1998 Nigerian parliamentary election">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Nigerian_parliamentary_election" title="1999 Nigerian parliamentary election">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Nigerian_parliamentary_election" title="2003 Nigerian parliamentary election">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Nigerian_general_election#House_of_Representatives" title="2007 Nigerian general election">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Nigerian_parliamentary_election" title="2011 Nigerian parliamentary election">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Nigerian_general_election#House_of_Representatives" title="2015 Nigerian general election">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Nigerian_House_of_Representatives_election" title="2019 Nigerian House of Representatives election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Nigerian_House_of_Representatives_election" title="2023 Nigerian House of Representatives election">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gubernatorial elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1979_Nigerian_gubernatorial_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1979 Nigerian gubernatorial elections (page does not exist)">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1983_Nigerian_gubernatorial_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1983 Nigerian gubernatorial elections (page does not exist)">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1991_Nigerian_gubernatorial_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1991 Nigerian gubernatorial elections (page does not exist)">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999_Nigerian_gubernatorial_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1999 Nigerian gubernatorial elections (page does not exist)">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2003_Nigerian_gubernatorial_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2003 Nigerian gubernatorial elections (page does not exist)">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2007_Nigerian_gubernatorial_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2007 Nigerian gubernatorial elections (page does not exist)">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Nigerian_gubernatorial_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2008 Nigerian gubernatorial elections (page does not exist)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Ekiti_State_gubernatorial_by-election" title="2009 Ekiti State gubernatorial by-election">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Anambra_State_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Anambra State gubernatorial election">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_Nigerian_gubernatorial_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2011 Nigerian gubernatorial elections (page does not exist)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Nigerian_gubernatorial_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2012 Nigerian gubernatorial elections (page does not exist)">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Anambra_State_gubernatorial_election" title="2013 Anambra State gubernatorial election">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Nigerian_gubernatorial_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2014 Nigerian gubernatorial elections (page does not exist)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Nigerian_gubernatorial_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2015 Nigerian gubernatorial elections (page does not exist)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2016_Nigerian_gubernatorial_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2016 Nigerian gubernatorial elections (page does not exist)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Anambra_State_gubernatorial_election" title="2017 Anambra State gubernatorial election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Nigerian_gubernatorial_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2018 Nigerian gubernatorial elections (page does not exist)">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Nigerian_gubernatorial_elections" title="2019 Nigerian gubernatorial elections">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Nigerian_gubernatorial_elections" title="2020 Nigerian gubernatorial elections">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Anambra_State_gubernatorial_election#National_effect" title="2021 Anambra State gubernatorial election">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Nigerian_gubernatorial_elections" title="2022 Nigerian gubernatorial elections">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Nigerian_gubernatorial_elections" title="2023 Nigerian gubernatorial elections"><i>2023</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1951_Nigerian_regional_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1951 Nigerian regional elections (page does not exist)">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1953_Eastern_Region_legislative_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1953 Eastern Region legislative election (page does not exist)">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1954_Northern_Region_legislative_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1954 Northern Region legislative election (page does not exist)">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956%E2%88%9257_Nigerian_regional_elections" title="1956−57 Nigerian regional elections">1956−57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960%E2%88%9261_Nigerian_regional_elections" title="1960−61 Nigerian regional elections">1960−61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Mid-West_Region_legislative_election" title="1964 Mid-West Region legislative election">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1999_Nigerian_House_of_Assembly_elections" title="Category:1999 Nigerian House of Assembly elections">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:2003_Nigerian_House_of_Assembly_elections" title="Category:2003 Nigerian House of Assembly elections">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:2007_Nigerian_House_of_Assembly_elections" title="Category:2007 Nigerian House of Assembly elections">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:2011_Nigerian_House_of_Assembly_elections" title="Category:2011 Nigerian House of Assembly elections">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:2015_Nigerian_House_of_Assembly_elections" title="Category:2015 Nigerian House of Assembly elections">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:2019_Nigerian_House_of_Assembly_elections" title="Category:2019 Nigerian House of Assembly elections">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Nigerian_state_legislative_elections" title="2023 Nigerian state legislative elections"><i>2023</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1950_Lagos_city_council_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1950 Lagos city council election (page does not exist)">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1953_Lagos_city_council_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1953 Lagos city council election (page does not exist)">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Nigerian_elections#Local_elections" title="2022 Nigerian elections">2022</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Referendums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1959_Northern_Cameroons_referendum" title="1959 Northern Cameroons referendum">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_British_Cameroons_referendum" title="1961 British Cameroons referendum">1961</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Template:Nigerian_state_and_local_elections" title="Template:Nigerian state and local elections">State and local elections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heads_of_state_of_Nigeria" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_State_of_Nigeria" title="Template:Heads of State of Nigeria"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_State_of_Nigeria" title="Template talk:Heads of State of Nigeria"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_State_of_Nigeria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of State of Nigeria"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_state_of_Nigeria" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Nigeria" title="List of heads of state of Nigeria">Heads of state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen of Nigeria">Queen</a> (1960–1963)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Nigeria.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/60px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/90px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/120px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">President of the <a href="/wiki/First_Nigerian_Republic" title="First Nigerian Republic">First Republic</a> (1963–1966)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nnamdi_Azikiwe" title="Nnamdi Azikiwe">Azikiwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military regime (1966–1979)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Aguiyi-Ironsi" title="Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi">Aguiyi-Ironsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakubu_Gowon" title="Yakubu Gowon">Gowon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murtala_Mohammed" class="mw-redirect" title="Murtala Mohammed">Mohammed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olusegun_Obasanjo" title="Olusegun Obasanjo">Obasanjo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">President of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Nigerian_Republic" title="Second Nigerian Republic">Second Republic</a> (1979–1983)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shehu_Shagari" title="Shehu Shagari">Shagari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military regime (1983–1999)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammadu_Buhari" title="Muhammadu Buhari">Buhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Babangida" title="Ibrahim Babangida">Babangida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Shonekan" title="Ernest Shonekan">Shonekan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(interim)</span>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sani_Abacha" title="Sani Abacha">Abacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdulsalami_Abubakar" title="Abdulsalami Abubakar">Abubakar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">President of the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Nigerian_Republic" title="Fourth Nigerian Republic">Fourth Republic</a> (from 1999)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olusegun_Obasanjo" title="Olusegun Obasanjo">Obasanjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umaru_Musa_Yar%27Adua" title="Umaru Musa Yar'Adua">Yar'Adua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodluck_Jonathan" title="Goodluck Jonathan">Jonathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammadu_Buhari" title="Muhammadu Buhari">Buhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bola_Tinubu" title="Bola Tinubu">Tinubu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>*Civilian; headed transition to abortive <a href="/wiki/Third_Nigerian_Republic" title="Third Nigerian Republic">Third Republic</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nigeria_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nigeria_topics" title="Template:Nigeria topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nigeria_topics" title="Template talk:Nigeria topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nigeria_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nigeria topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nigeria_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Nigeria-related_articles" title="Index of Nigeria-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nigeria" title="History of Nigeria">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="KingdomsEmpires" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div class="hlist"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Kingdoms</li><li>Empires</li></ul></div> </div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aro_Confederacy" title="Aro Confederacy">Aro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Benin" title="Kingdom of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornu_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Bornu Empire">Kanem-Bornu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nri" title="Kingdom of Nri">Nri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyo_Empire" title="Oyo Empire">Oyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_kingdoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Hausa kingdoms">Hausa kingdoms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kano" title="Kingdom of Kano">Kano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daura_Emirate" title="Daura Emirate">Daura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Katsina" title="History of Katsina">Katsina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zazzau" title="Zazzau">Zazzau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gobir" title="Gobir">Gobir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadejia" title="Hadejia">Biram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rano" title="Rano">Rano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokoto_Caliphate" title="Sokoto Caliphate">Sokoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebbi_Emirate" title="Kebbi Emirate">Kebbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwararafa" title="Kwararafa">Kwararafa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Nigerian_history" title="Timeline of Nigerian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Early history of Nigeria">Early history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nigeria_before_1500" title="History of Nigeria before 1500">before 1500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nigeria_(1500%E2%80%931800)" title="History of Nigeria (1500–1800)">1500-1800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Nigeria" title="Colonial Nigeria">Colonial Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Nigeria_Protectorate" title="Northern Nigeria Protectorate">Northern Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Nigeria_Protectorate" title="Southern Nigeria Protectorate">Southern Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nigerian_Republic" title="First Nigerian Republic">First Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_dictatorship_in_Nigeria" title="Military dictatorship in Nigeria">Military dictatorship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Civil_War" title="Nigerian Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Nigerian_Republic" title="Second Nigerian Republic">Second Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Nigerian_Republic" title="Third Nigerian Republic">Third Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Nigerian_Republic" title="Fourth Nigerian Republic">Fourth Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Nigeria" title="Geography of Nigeria">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adamawa_Plateau" title="Adamawa Plateau">Adamawa Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Nigeria" title="Template:Borders of Nigeria">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_populated_places_in_Nigeria" title="List of populated places in Nigeria">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Nigeria" title="Climate change in Nigeria">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Nigeria" title="List of ecoregions in Nigeria">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_Niger_Delta" title="Environmental issues in the Niger Delta">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islands_of_Nigeria" title="Category:Islands of Nigeria">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos_Plateau" title="Jos Plateau">Jos Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_Nigeria" title="Category:Mountains of Nigeria">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Nigeria" title="List of national parks of Nigeria">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger_Delta" title="Niger Delta">Niger Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Nigeria" title="Category:Rivers of Nigeria">Rivers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niger_River" title="Niger River">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Benue" class="mw-redirect" title="River Benue">Benue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Nigeria" title="Wildlife of Nigeria">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_conservation_in_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildlife conservation in Nigeria">Wildlife conservation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Nigeria" title="Politics of Nigeria">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Nigeria" title="Subdivisions of Nigeria">Administrative divisions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_villages_in_Nigeria" title="Lists of villages in Nigeria">Villages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Nigeria" title="Cabinet of Nigeria">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Nigeria" title="Constitution of Nigeria">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Nigeria" title="Elections in Nigeria">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Ministries_of_Nigeria" title="Federal Ministries of Nigeria">Federal Executive Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Nigeria" title="Foreign relations of Nigeria">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Nigeria" title="Human rights in Nigeria">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Nigeria">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Nigeria" title="Human trafficking in Nigeria">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Law_enforcement_in_Nigeria" title="Category:Law enforcement in Nigeria">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Armed_Forces" title="Nigerian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Nigeria">National Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigerian House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigerian Senate">Senate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Nigeria" title="List of political parties in Nigeria">Political parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democratic_Party_(Nigeria)" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)">PDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Progressives_Congress" title="All Progressives Congress">APC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice-President of Nigeria">Vice-President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Nigeria" title="Supreme Court of Nigeria">Supreme Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Nigeria" title="Economy of Nigeria">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Nigeria" title="Agriculture in Nigeria">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brain_Drain_in_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Brain Drain in Nigeria">Brain Drain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Nigeria" title="Central Bank of Nigeria">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Nigeria" title="Corruption in Nigeria">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Nigeria" title="Economic history of Nigeria">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Nigeria" title="Energy in Nigeria">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_industry_of_Nigeria" title="Mining industry of Nigeria">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_naira" title="Nigerian naira">Naira <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_in_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Petroleum in Nigeria">Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Stock_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigerian Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Nigeria" title="Telecommunications in Nigeria">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Nigeria" title="Tourism in Nigeria">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Nigeria" title="Transport in Nigeria">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Nigeria" title="Category:Society of Nigeria">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Nigeria" title="Abortion in Nigeria">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Nigeria" title="Censorship in Nigeria">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse_in_Nigeria#Baby_factories" title="Child sexual abuse in Nigeria">Baby factories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Nigeria" title="Capital punishment in Nigeria">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_Nigeria" title="Child labour in Nigeria">Child labour</a> (<a href="/wiki/Girl_child_labour_in_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Girl child labour in Nigeria">Girl child labour</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_marriage_in_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Child marriage in Nigeria">Child marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse_in_Nigeria" title="Child sexual abuse in Nigeria">Child sexual abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Nigeria" title="Corruption in Nigeria">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Nigeria" title="Crime in Nigeria">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Nigeria" title="Demographics of Nigeria">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigerian diaspora">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence_in_Nigeria" title="Domestic violence in Nigeria">Domestic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Nigeria" title="Education in Nigeria">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Nigeria" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Nigeria">Ethnic groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_the_Actualization_of_the_Sovereign_State_of_Biafra" title="Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra">MASSOB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_the_Survival_of_the_Ogoni_People" title="Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People">MOSOP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oodua_Peoples_Congress" title="Oodua Peoples Congress">Oodua Peoples Congress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation_in_Nigeria" title="Female genital mutilation in Nigeria">Female genital mutilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_inequality_in_Nigeria" title="Gender inequality in Nigeria">Gender inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Nigeria" title="Health in Nigeria">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Nigeria" title="Languages of Nigeria">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygamy_in_Nigeria" title="Polygamy in Nigeria">Polygamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Nigeria" title="Poverty in Nigeria">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Nigeria" title="Prostitution in Nigeria">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protests_in_Nigeria" title="List of protests in Nigeria">Protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees of Nigeria">Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_Nigeria" title="Social class in Nigeria">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Nigeria" title="Slavery in Nigeria">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals_and_Nigeria" title="Sustainable Development Goals and Nigeria">Sustainable Development Goals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Nigeria" title="Water supply and sanitation in Nigeria">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Nigeria" title="Women in Nigeria">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_in_Nigeria" title="Youth in Nigeria">Youth</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Conflicts" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div class="hlist"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_Nigeria" title="Category:Conflicts in Nigeria">Conflicts</a></li></ul></div> </div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communal_violence" title="Communal violence">Communal conflicts in Nigeria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Herder%E2%80%93farmer_conflicts_in_Nigeria" title="Herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria">Herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamist_insurgency_in_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist insurgency in Nigeria">Islamist insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_in_the_Niger_Delta" title="Conflict in the Niger Delta">Niger Delta conflicts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Niger_Delta_conflict" title="2016 Niger Delta conflict">2016 conflict</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Nigeria" title="Culture of Nigeria">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria,_We_Hail_Thee" title="Nigeria, We Hail Thee">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Nigeria" title="Cinema of Nigeria">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria" title="Coat of arms of Nigeria">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_cuisine" title="Nigerian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Nigeria" title="Flag of Nigeria">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nigerians" title="List of Nigerians">List of Nigerians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_literature" title="Nigerian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Nigeria">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nigeria" title="Music of Nigeria">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Nigeria" title="Public holidays in Nigeria">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nigeria" title="Religion in Nigeria">Religion</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sharia_in_Nigeria" title="Sharia in Nigeria">Sharia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Nigeria" title="Smoking in Nigeria">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_gaming_in_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Video gaming in Nigeria">Video gaming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Nigeria" title="Outline of Nigeria">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Nigeria-related_articles" title="Index of Nigeria-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nigeria" title="Category:Nigeria">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Nigeria" title="Portal:Nigeria">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Africa" title="Template:Heads of state and government of Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Africa" title="Template talk:Heads of state and government of Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of state and government of Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Heads of state and government of Africa</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heads_of_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of state">Heads of state</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">UN</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations" title="Member states of the United Nations">member states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Algeria" title="President of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Angola" title="President of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Benin" title="President of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Botswana" title="President of Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Burkina_Faso" title="List of heads of state of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Burundi" title="President of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Cameroon" title="President of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Cape_Verde" title="List of presidents of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="List of heads of state of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Chad" title="List of heads of state of Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Comoros" title="List of heads of state of the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of presidents of the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Djibouti" title="List of presidents of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Egypt" title="President of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="List of presidents of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Eritrea" title="List of heads of state of Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Eswatini" title="List of monarchs of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ethiopia" title="President of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Gabon" title="President of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Gambia" title="President of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ghana" title="President of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Guinea" title="List of presidents of Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="List of presidents of Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Ivory_Coast" title="List of heads of state of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Kenya" title="President of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Lesotho" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Liberia" title="President of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Libya" title="List of heads of state of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Madagascar" title="List of presidents of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Malawi" title="President of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Mali" title="List of heads of state of Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Mauritania" title="List of heads of state of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Mauritius" title="President of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Morocco" title="King of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Mozambique" title="List of presidents of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Namibia" title="President of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Niger" title="List of heads of state of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Rwanda" title="List of presidents of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="List of presidents of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Senegal" title="President of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Seychelles" title="List of presidents of Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Sierra_Leone" title="President of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Somalia" title="President of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Africa" title="President of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_South_Sudan" title="List of heads of state of South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Sudan" title="List of heads of state of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Tanzania" title="President of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Togo" title="List of presidents of Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Tunisia" title="President of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Uganda" title="President of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Zambia" title="President of Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Zimbabwe" title="President of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Somaliland" title="List of presidents of Somaliland">Somaliland</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heads_of_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of government">Heads of government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">UN member states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Algeria" title="Prime Minister of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Angola" title="President of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Benin" title="President of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Botswana" title="President of Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Burkina_Faso" title="List of prime ministers of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Burundi" title="Prime Minister of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cameroon" title="Prime Minister of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Cape_Verde" title="List of prime ministers of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="List of heads of government of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Chad" title="List of prime ministers of Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Comoros" title="List of heads of state of the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of prime ministers of the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Djibouti" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Egypt" title="Prime Minister of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="List of prime ministers of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Eritrea" title="List of heads of state of Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Eswatini" title="List of prime ministers of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ethiopia" title="Prime Minister of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Gabon" title="Prime Minister of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Gambia" title="President of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ghana" title="President of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Guinea" title="List of prime ministers of Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="List of prime ministers of Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Ivory_Coast" title="List of heads of government of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Kenya" title="President of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Lesotho" title="List of prime ministers of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Liberia" title="President of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Libya" title="List of heads of government of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Madagascar" title="Prime Minister of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Malawi" title="President of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Mali" title="List of prime ministers of Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Mauritania" title="List of prime ministers of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Mauritius" title="Prime Minister of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Government_of_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Government of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Mozambique" title="List of prime ministers of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Namibia" title="Prime Minister of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Niger" title="List of prime ministers of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Rwanda" title="Prime Minister of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="List of prime ministers of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Senegal" title="Prime Minister of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Seychelles" title="List of presidents of Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Sierra_Leone" title="President of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Somalia" title="List of prime ministers of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Africa" title="President of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_South_Sudan" title="List of heads of state of South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Sudan" title="List of heads of government of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Tanzania" title="President of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Togo" title="List of prime ministers of Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_Government_of_Tunisia" class="mw-redirect" title="Head of Government of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Uganda" title="Prime Minister of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Zambia" title="President of Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Zimbabwe" title="President of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Somaliland" title="List of presidents of Somaliland">Somaliland</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct states<br />and governments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ashanti Empire <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Asante" title="List of rulers of Asante">Monarch</a></li></ul></li> <li>Benin <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Benin" title="List of prime ministers of Benin">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li>Burundi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Burundi" title="List of kings of Burundi">King</a></li></ul></li> <li>Central African Empire <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Central_Africa" title="Emperor of Central Africa">Emperor</a></li></ul></li> <li>Dahomey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Dahomey" title="King of Dahomey">King</a></li></ul></li> <li>Egypt <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_dynasty" title="Muhammad Ali dynasty">Muhammad Ali dynasty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_the_Muhammad_Ali_dynasty" title="List of monarchs of the Muhammad Ali dynasty">Monarch</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Ethiopia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Ethiopia" title="Emperor of Ethiopia">Emperor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_emperors_of_Ethiopia" title="List of emperors of Ethiopia">list</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>The Gambia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Gambia" title="Prime Minister of the Gambia">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ghana <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ghana" title="Prime Minister of Ghana">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li>Kenya <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kenya" title="Prime Minister of Kenya">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li>Kingdom of Kongo <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manikongo" title="Manikongo">Monarch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Kongo" title="List of rulers of Kongo">list</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Malawi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malawi" title="Prime Minister of Malawi">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li>Merina Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Imerina_monarchs" title="List of Imerina monarchs">Monarch</a></li></ul></li> <li>Nigeria <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Nigeria" title="Prime Minister of Nigeria">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li>Orange Free State <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_President_of_the_Orange_Free_State" title="State President of the Orange Free State">State President</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rwanda <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Rwanda" title="List of kings of Rwanda">King</a></li></ul></li> <li>South African Republic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_President_of_the_South_African_Republic" title="State President of the South African Republic">State President</a></li></ul></li> <li>South Africa <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_South_Africa" title="Governor-General of South Africa">Governor-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_President_of_South_Africa" title="State President of South Africa">State President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Africa" title="Prime Minister of South Africa">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li>Tunisia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beys_of_Tunis" title="List of beys of Tunis">Bey</a></li></ul></li> <li>Zanzibar <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sultans_of_Zanzibar" title="List of sultans of Zanzibar">Sultan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Zanzibar" title="List of heads of government of Zanzibar">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li>Zambia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Zambia" title="Prime Minister of Zambia">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li>Zimbabwe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Zimbabwe" title="Prime Minister of Zimbabwe">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li>Zulu Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Zulu_kings" title="List of Zulu kings">King</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=President_of_Nigeria&oldid=1253950543">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=President_of_Nigeria&oldid=1253950543</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_by_country" title="Category:Presidents by country">Presidents by country</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_Nigeria" title="Category:Politics of Nigeria">Politics of Nigeria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_Nigeria" title="Category:Presidents of Nigeria">Presidents of Nigeria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Government_of_Nigeria" title="Category:Government of Nigeria">Government of Nigeria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1963_establishments_in_Nigeria" title="Category:1963 establishments in Nigeria">1963 establishments in Nigeria</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Nigerian_English_from_October_2022" title="Category:Use Nigerian English from October 2022">Use Nigerian English from October 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Nigerian_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Nigerian English">All Wikipedia articles written in Nigerian English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from August 2024">Use dmy dates from August 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_March_2023" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2023">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2023</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 28 October 2024, at 18:26<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=President_of_Nigeria&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-64cddf7fd8-x9dpn","wgBackendResponseTime":162,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.912","walltime":"1.185","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5220,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":257643,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":23671,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":26,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":241242,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1000.323 1 -total"," 48.70% 487.138 1 Template:Reflist"," 26.15% 261.564 15 Template:Cite_news"," 17.60% 176.028 39 Template:Cite_web"," 11.29% 112.981 1 Template:Politics_of_Nigeria"," 10.95% 109.503 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 7.92% 79.207 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.79% 77.904 1 Template:Nigeria_topics"," 7.61% 76.157 1 Template:Country_topics"," 6.41% 64.076 1 Template:Infobox_official_post"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.537","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7918781,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5857dfdcd6-28hnx","timestamp":"20241203065643","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"President of Nigeria","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_Nigeria","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q500282","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q500282","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-03-09T22:22:37Z","dateModified":"2024-10-28T18:26:46Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b6\/Presidential_Standard_of_Nigeria_%28Armed_Forces%29.svg","headline":"Office of the President is called Grand Commander of the Order of the Federal Republic (GCFR)"}</script> </body> </html>