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<button class="button is-small is-link">Go</button> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <ol class="breathe-horizontal" start="1"> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.07892">arXiv:2408.07892</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2408.07892">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2408.07892">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Computers and Society">cs.CY</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Personhood credentials: Artificial intelligence and the value of privacy-preserving tools to distinguish who is real online </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Adler%2C+S">Steven Adler</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Hitzig%2C+Z">Zo毛 Hitzig</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Jain%2C+S">Shrey Jain</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Brewer%2C+C">Catherine Brewer</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Chang%2C+W">Wayne Chang</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=DiResta%2C+R">Ren茅e DiResta</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Lazzarin%2C+E">Eddy Lazzarin</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=McGregor%2C+S">Sean McGregor</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Seltzer%2C+W">Wendy Seltzer</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Siddarth%2C+D">Divya Siddarth</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Soliman%2C+N">Nouran Soliman</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=South%2C+T">Tobin South</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Spelliscy%2C+C">Connor Spelliscy</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Sporny%2C+M">Manu Sporny</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Srivastava%2C+V">Varya Srivastava</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Bailey%2C+J">John Bailey</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Christian%2C+B">Brian Christian</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Critch%2C+A">Andrew Critch</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Falcon%2C+R">Ronnie Falcon</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Flanagan%2C+H">Heather Flanagan</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Duffy%2C+K+H">Kim Hamilton Duffy</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Ho%2C+E">Eric Ho</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Leibowicz%2C+C+R">Claire R. Leibowicz</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Nadhamuni%2C+S">Srikanth Nadhamuni</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Rozenshtein%2C+A+Z">Alan Z. Rozenshtein</a> , et al. (7 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2408.07892v4-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Anonymity is an important principle online. However, malicious actors have long used misleading identities to conduct fraud, spread disinformation, and carry out other deceptive schemes. With the advent of increasingly capable AI, bad actors can amplify the potential scale and effectiveness of their operations, intensifying the challenge of balancing anonymity and trustworthiness online. In this p… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2408.07892v4-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2408.07892v4-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2408.07892v4-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Anonymity is an important principle online. However, malicious actors have long used misleading identities to conduct fraud, spread disinformation, and carry out other deceptive schemes. With the advent of increasingly capable AI, bad actors can amplify the potential scale and effectiveness of their operations, intensifying the challenge of balancing anonymity and trustworthiness online. In this paper, we analyze the value of a new tool to address this challenge: "personhood credentials" (PHCs), digital credentials that empower users to demonstrate that they are real people -- not AIs -- to online services, without disclosing any personal information. Such credentials can be issued by a range of trusted institutions -- governments or otherwise. A PHC system, according to our definition, could be local or global, and does not need to be biometrics-based. Two trends in AI contribute to the urgency of the challenge: AI's increasing indistinguishability from people online (i.e., lifelike content and avatars, agentic activity), and AI's increasing scalability (i.e., cost-effectiveness, accessibility). Drawing on a long history of research into anonymous credentials and "proof-of-personhood" systems, personhood credentials give people a way to signal their trustworthiness on online platforms, and offer service providers new tools for reducing misuse by bad actors. In contrast, existing countermeasures to automated deception -- such as CAPTCHAs -- are inadequate against sophisticated AI, while stringent identity verification solutions are insufficiently private for many use-cases. After surveying the benefits of personhood credentials, we also examine deployment risks and design challenges. We conclude with actionable next steps for policymakers, technologists, and standards bodies to consider in consultation with the public. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2408.07892v4-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2408.07892v4-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 17 January, 2025; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 14 August, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> August 2024. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">63 pages, 7 figures, 5 tables; minor additions to acknowledgments and wording changes for clarity; corrected typo; updated email address reference for author</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.16115">arXiv:2311.16115</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2311.16115">pdf</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Cryptography and Security">cs.CR</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Artificial Intelligence">cs.AI</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Computers and Society">cs.CY</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Human-Computer Interaction">cs.HC</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> AI and Democracy's Digital Identity Crisis </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Jain%2C+S">Shrey Jain</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Spelliscy%2C+C">Connor Spelliscy</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Vance-Law%2C+S">Samuel Vance-Law</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Moore%2C+S">Scott Moore</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2311.16115v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> AI-enabled tools have become sophisticated enough to allow a small number of individuals to run disinformation campaigns of an unprecedented scale. Privacy-preserving identity attestations can drastically reduce instances of impersonation and make disinformation easy to identify and potentially hinder. By understanding how identity attestations are positioned across the spectrum of decentralizatio… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2311.16115v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2311.16115v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2311.16115v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> AI-enabled tools have become sophisticated enough to allow a small number of individuals to run disinformation campaigns of an unprecedented scale. Privacy-preserving identity attestations can drastically reduce instances of impersonation and make disinformation easy to identify and potentially hinder. By understanding how identity attestations are positioned across the spectrum of decentralization, we can gain a better understanding of the costs and benefits of various attestations. In this paper, we discuss attestation types, including governmental, biometric, federated, and web of trust-based, and include examples such as e-Estonia, China's social credit system, Worldcoin, OAuth, X (formerly Twitter), Gitcoin Passport, and EAS. We believe that the most resilient systems create an identity that evolves and is connected to a network of similarly evolving identities that verify one another. In this type of system, each entity contributes its respective credibility to the attestation process, creating a larger, more comprehensive set of attestations. We believe these systems could be the best approach to authenticating identity and protecting against some of the threats to democracy that AI can pose in the hands of malicious actors. However, governments will likely attempt to mitigate these risks by implementing centralized identity authentication systems; these centralized systems could themselves pose risks to the democratic processes they are built to defend. We therefore recommend that policymakers support the development of standards-setting organizations for identity, provide legal clarity for builders of decentralized tooling, and fund research critical to effective identity authentication systems. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2311.16115v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2311.16115v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 25 September, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> November 2023. </p> </li> </ol> <div class="is-hidden-tablet">  <span class="help" style="display: inline-block;"><a href="https://github.com/arXiv/arxiv-search/releases">Search v0.5.6 released 2020-02-24</a>  </span> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div class="columns is-desktop" role="navigation" 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