CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913543b96f14fce3',cH: 'SNVgN00mpOnWDxLvCTytSLXMUvqM8v_ZhZAJWvHGZWw-1739789930-1.2.1.1-wkGch78euuHgqm_VR_y37WhM80Wk3K2VWuUUe5kxFRqgXJHwEMLL3e2dxrbkIdg6',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Bedouin%20dialects&__cf_chl_tk=0md5MhbOb7MCEMWXgxso_cq5EQ7CuQdl2HDgixV6Dg8-1739789930-1.0.1.1-HNePZtroOwgVJlKNTs9FX0mHF7S0SS.3QkcIqrSjHCo",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739789930',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Bedouin%20dialects&__cf_chl_f_tk=0md5MhbOb7MCEMWXgxso_cq5EQ7CuQdl2HDgixV6Dg8-1739789930-1.0.1.1-HNePZtroOwgVJlKNTs9FX0mHF7S0SS.3QkcIqrSjHCo",md: "elx6PEwwR6.cOgYk45nyOtgOUWfw1ojmvdNaV.hFhCY-1739789930-1.2.1.1-bXJYCdqWYT2KmEx.tWW2FA7VvkwAWt.GbalrmWlFILHb_aYCbiI8H0cIplDdcNqA.faeQYgtyTFpFeVHz9_sSxXlZFWdv3sPePAl1gEot.KJ0F8tsA3bwB4cShaemDFOzLMuqjICk6JW8oDkXmgngBpDAWUAy8A8eRAlgVr5fI8wASGeN9xT6eiIAYKLva5eyKMoL3zqXUo66kRECUvnO2BJI1GeLjQUoaHP3uFBGtAySpdqfcfZhS2C7coCMaqQ2MwvyRAn8aCQdWzcrzsNukpcuuexGgY.Y4z.R8JvXtznnmRBDyal5NnpW1r2q.kW2wGJRljJREbsZ5awm1LbVIai9G0TB0qcZjUS5IOCs09_17Xbh2iIe8H3Duov9.CJGayK662F2yU5mHmuGG2bOowy8LrI5H5prhDUmaWzPEmTEmqwgBeC3I7ffE2RSuZ.NM4a5mjQqixxS9FU7D3gKpAdieZTlftzCuoiXb4x6uuBV0r.z2FL3NLmC2d1zH3An3LsQp3VW0388jArncz54qpzDViaMK1YZMyGFhv9TgbaTNGMDFF1jOxe8pCcuDMhxn9srk0xHp2FYm14L9Bqqr_LT8GJnrgv4ckpNbDbsaaqEghqzWhg7.u_6_KkRd3NhyKF4ZZQiZFPyN2GYcQDQtHdElDmIMRCZyHVEDBPPIvXtdpw.mo6JNq_XNzG6rIcQ8HeHAzxcniYE5dCFN56miZkwna3AbkRAZfrdFgVtr4bkpa51D95BVCSrTWbWdOk7CdOsHazFqVQzS40sTVQR9FsqHqlhBXW1bOgOH5Vl3EZM7dZLNdpAlc7Fkw868tqIyWwUYUmyKmNS7j76pnajsMEVXoddgRAn0HbrstVmZtSNQvz6byxFvrA_CfIPLwgqwiTVNKt5.JYCQKrqpd7LubI__UrCcWgdPhed7lJqhQUW7wUKhFUn9Prkqv8ePYrcq16cL_fu6hALB5VntAGSWoYLPF1Sk4bfr.I0z3fa63yqtZC1yKaJQVG0nQhvHLJ2nXZUcKoEbxQN_HYf1.mc0iNRtukJgFzV6v2Hot4ZArmvbN1txp6R6kjMt1uj3mGX7.8UHFnW2pkFxYkMbziIr4tlcHsUuY29eZFX0v2H_eqnevA5guTcN5KWuwD5fdZA9s.SAEpz6yVouOfix8IROAFZ0_JRu4zOml50ZNFplwYgWOLcfaUAZYW10WE4ZOHy276Fq.lhrwtNTuQ_AAPM54cx6GjVsUYSK0kT3h9CPNAlnbvJ3dzPAK0nnfg_eAx9H8SV9mdhRIR5QJcHTA0ZaB7Gjx04wFCc5XJWbsvE3CEt0Y8.MOcTUr3ICFGcGxaK_y46E7TtY3_FmAFUR2h.s7ScFN4s1mkRFNd4HxZOBEInxXrYdjm13K.98kYj3EOfNdYa1oXDxK.ZNBcIuYdhSQHmMpxRunvCJM0WjFq8v5kUoBtz0UlzUTqErqaSrZidZhgmoukce3mKvLpXjyczim7CeIkcnu5VOmuAhhd0yPqQGI6grWGk1SZ8.8p5A5dPDVa.tuupVxpQCbQBHlzRevVXd.4UktYgpP7IR7.j8rB33eHtw7Fild9K_4ygpyHSBc4MmTUybwSqecv97jXDqjLA6lcCyWV6TVnUE0Dm8BTB4ZzByDRMIwnCDEjtL1c1vjqM3pq5EKhBx05b.dp15ulSG6.M2hOMTLtC2OKEbdssnSQU46d4Xo9fnMRjOKIbrztvwg3JIO7vzgucn1Y.siTyWmCaIU_ULBGbNIlWyIqPDlIpHKhZ4AR3V7QYsGCL.0yUWm6QcDHnQ6K8MQhJ4Wtxj9PFIiFskqf5fAJ8XBfAxV1VxV1lmBAlCi8gypzyVJgqd31GXraTry4BNE59AJpVZcEvYCdUiCsRQPrhu4IK5thq8dLCxOqge8FZIQSpg_wWpjI7mK1UR2BAlHU3WBTe9D3J8wmnCmoSMZg3dc",mdrd: "C0pjyXg0EV4bQaj4jnP9N5aQoJlsedXhrNO7rk0tj3g-1739789930-1.2.1.1-wOOoO6o7t9BkgID7TYF4Z9kXebVm4y2X4KTT.At75_EGq_fE.lxK6JiR36UcGNxMvVPIioAJvrR3IYye16qeJXsDFLh83WbqXKQl.6HP4g5QUtyJZK9xUh7xsgQbo_uICljFn5zkpFMy72FCPiRosN9ewU1efqNk0D3OhgnZkaQqHx3UAZSuLG1bJs.BNaxVPqlqAlZw1vSfkIe0KQYJTX1kF4c4M6AQYEBUrnDp_uj_oYGprIPcbjIlRjuB.kw0o9f3dZAwcwIs1M60gfZXutMO1z_x7csIUFHuk1qYjxl1kj9SiHZjaBsD.SPEaKmdS4YvAYvt9yR8o1KW.ZMUV4ljSumfFvVBm9qVYLaNkHZ7aNmxc_dZf9k7qtEj8Y92u62aoaXnCrqckVbQqmfFb4bWsj2KdEpSnYjQDaEEZdwY3qTgTRrxE0rAGa2mNClaBzUqhZP1NajVs_RvbilXR1XiIRfxOq_Xxchi6hK4TDs8btGntL82biDK2sKe2SRXaC7zYA0LxgaPkWEqfCJGckprfQaKzdTeavJgGJzJ93kmZ.aWfA7kBVN3sddemFUfRa0K3EZE25hjprNQg481kNK0_LMFuK6p9lUmaNN_21.v5YeQkL0HCmkS.Q0zipbXkIxXv3yjYgnqkdki6t27nIdRAduC4cIuLr3.muaBnfbWT88kPHB35oUO6omi8OlpcqCvsASWE2hD5Q8yHEYIKDs7WDvdvUHNZRh1o7O.eU4bRyghZf1Bu.JMNWUQjiHPg0wLzIzbUbcaNLRD9jzmSaNPV4Pb9yUwPEJTCWpbG0.T.As1LX4dMi9kF4_br2GBucW6uGIpnD71AgMvdiBbG7IU6tD7QYc9cTvp3ZOj1p4vEtZVEudFzd7ACXfKIyl4gPRXGz2Lb0FZscaapEk8BcIxknfALVJqCq9bP5EKZOFa2PmCWP0sb9ZfwmppeLojx7gOdTia0c1VNeMc1047R1eorxhLvrFKQrrWwtsq7tAX7xsPJ_GzLpmOAlZRCMyAGTv2dCPZNiW22QFkkdmiEYXaxX6765lFazbs4wPj1PyAxa5SOn8GdIIMe2pX3kSy_bzV4gVd7PwT.Vkz9zhunn0p8rEXMLY1npuZmtd1vrXf2QlDw4h52fyzlRKSkXhVWZt7e4XlMNFyHNad6TANLweE.5JSqKM0UODc1TEAOK1QjrsMLQNB.ix98gTzEPLRvNu8zn9d_n7T6DzocCQsOrBsaJaqlKqi9MFX7tQIA.OJ.DOcuPdyC4Z1EuoWLMh0e4MCUZzLolKAP_fx6PvTbU9amIojgZIaYMDDfW.ScqPpHtlUcuKPaunoDygEgRvc1IY4Q6lFwZzA2cQhWpU9tpp3vVMxUZNMZ_GMvx5RSqXC2Y3S4m6iDBye7GjhVAvwEkKfExSH1eDrbSnGtnLkA66YNBX7JK1491C_g4Bxd_WxG1ssx2rgRH1qcDSy_CKxQCOaGHC0K7JopRRaOoRCGK4ejrQoLwip8EB2DT5piCLUHo5u7O6lE2bvi58Bzsu_cHW0VgCN9TG1zm_hVcAZiMPg7Sp5iS60y15habgUkwlahFcLsfMH5UU6qaBc5HJlWd3SZneu69Ic6QkczPAjr97KTNjHwfByRu9w_7VJ2aCyHfyDVoESJRIgshlEZSOb3_5oYmHGagp7DqlsroR1i0oT540So6AGTZF7mZSkTnyT6VjoTbE_Lim0jw8GoZ1J4dLegt2iDSZKkj4qzyErOPW4SmoqLkLxyhlYyOvD00B_V3UVl2sOCdSyQdNvHRn0N0Mz.l2ccNrqn8t0hinpd1dfXWxmXMOecOgkgc8CQXaBg1_Jb6rkrNqgHUoPBAfxkR_BUovZIXI_h5yoUzkhvM8KlU5pAEy.3mJpv6HMdc.gVFa7h._wICZfCymSI4f3nzOMvQ43OXk1fXOeRnuXAcYnHC1xrzZYMxA8YljX8auHltMZHxU3LbxC.hxLsW8EKnbetoJ9J0572eZ_bA4dgg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913543b96f14fce3';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Bedouin%20dialects&__cf_chl_rt_tk=0md5MhbOb7MCEMWXgxso_cq5EQ7CuQdl2HDgixV6Dg8-1739789930-1.0.1.1-HNePZtroOwgVJlKNTs9FX0mHF7S0SS.3QkcIqrSjHCo" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>