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Fork - Wikipedia
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<span>Types of forks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types_of_forks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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Available in 101 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-101" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">101 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A9_(%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A9)" title="شوكة (أداة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شوكة (أداة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forqueta" title="Forqueta – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Forqueta" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunel%C3%A2" title="Bunelâ – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Bunelâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenedor" title="Tenedor – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tenedor" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patcakihamakan" title="Patcakihamakan – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Patcakihamakan" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C9%99ng%C9%99l" title="Çəngəl – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çəngəl" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%9A" title="কাঁটা চামচ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কাঁটা চামচ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhi%C3%A1m-%C3%A1" title="Chhiám-á – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chhiám-á" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Відэлец – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Відэлец" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Відэлец – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Відэлец" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinidor" title="Tinidor – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tinidor" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Вилица – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вилица" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%81%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%82" title="ཁ་དབྲག – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཁ་དབྲག" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourchetez" title="Fourchetez – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Fourchetez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forquilla" title="Forquilla – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Forquilla" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidli%C4%8Dka" title="Vidlička – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vidlička" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaffel_(bestik)" title="Gaffel (bestik) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gaffel (bestik)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabel_(Essbesteck)" title="Gabel (Essbesteck) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gabel (Essbesteck)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahvel" title="Kahvel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kahvel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%B9" title="Πιρούνι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πιρούνι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furs%C3%A8ina" title="Fursèina – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Fursèina" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenedor" title="Tenedor – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tenedor" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forko" title="Forko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Forko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardexka" title="Sardexka – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sardexka" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84" title="چنگال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چنگال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourchette" title="Fourchette – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fourchette" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabhl%C3%B3g" title="Gabhlóg – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gabhlóg" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gollage" title="Gollage – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Gollage" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garfo" title="Garfo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Garfo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%ED%81%AC" title="포크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2_(%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BD%D6%84)" title="Պատառաքաղ (սպասք) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պատառաքաղ (սպասք)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilica" title="Vilica – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vilica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forketo" title="Forketo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Forketo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garpu" title="Garpu – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Garpu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaffall" title="Gaffall – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gaffall" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forchetta" title="Forchetta – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Forchetta" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%9C%D7%92" title="מזלג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מזלג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garpu" title="Garpu – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Garpu" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%88%D2%9B%D1%8B" title="Шанышқы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шанышқы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uma" title="Uma – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uma" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fouch%C3%A8t" title="Fouchèt – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Fouchèt" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87atel" title="Çatel – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Çatel" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furca_(cibus)" title="Furca (cibus) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Furca (cibus)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dak%C5%A1i%C5%86a" title="Dakšiņa – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dakšiņa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forschett" title="Forschett – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Forschett" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0akut%C4%97" title="Šakutė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šakutė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force" title="Force – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Force" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0orpikku" title="Šorpikku – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Šorpikku" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pir%C3%B9" title="Pirù – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Pirù" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa_(ev%C5%91eszk%C3%B6z)" title="Villa (evőeszköz) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Villa (evőeszköz)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%99%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Виљушка – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Виљушка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotrorovitra" title="Sotrorovitra – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Sotrorovitra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%83%D9%87" title="شوكه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شوكه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garpu" title="Garpu – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Garpu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ခက်ရင်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ခက်ရင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vork_(bestek)" title="Vork (bestek) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vork (bestek)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorke_(bestek)" title="Vorke (bestek) – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Vorke (bestek)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF_(%E9%A3%9F%E5%99%A8)" title="フォーク (食器) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フォーク (食器)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furk" title="Furk – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Furk" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaffel" title="Gaffel – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gaffel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaffel" title="Gaffel – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gaffel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forqueta" title="Forqueta – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Forqueta" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanchiqi" title="Sanchiqi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sanchiqi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%DA%9A%DB%8D" title="غاښۍ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="غاښۍ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widelec" title="Widelec – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Widelec" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garfo" title="Garfo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Garfo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furculi%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Furculiță – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Furculiță" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinirur" title="Tinirur – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Tinirur" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80)" title="Вилка (столовый прибор) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вилка (столовый прибор)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furchita" title="Furchita – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Furchita" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piruni" title="Piruni – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Piruni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruccetta" title="Bruccetta – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Bruccetta" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fork" title="Fork – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fork" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidli%C4%8Dka" title="Vidlička – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vidlička" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%DA%B5" title="چەنگاڵ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چەنگاڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%99%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Виљушка – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Виљушка" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilju%C5%A1ka" title="Viljuška – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Viljuška" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garpu" title="Garpu – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Garpu" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haarukka" title="Haarukka – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Haarukka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaffel" title="Gaffel – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gaffel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinidor" title="Tinidor – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tinidor" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="முள்கரண்டி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முள்கரண்டி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuzart" title="Tuzart – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tuzart" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1" title="ส้อม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ส้อม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87atal" title="Çatal – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çatal" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%8D" title="Серээ – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Серээ" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Виделка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Виделка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piron" title="Piron – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Piron" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%A9a" title="Nĩa – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nĩa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortchete" title="Fortchete – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Fortchete" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fersjette" title="Fersjette – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Fersjette" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinidor" title="Tinidor – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tinidor" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furset" title="Furset – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Furset" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%89%E5%AD%90" title="叉子 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="叉子" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A4%90%E5%8F%89" title="餐叉 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="餐叉" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87atale" title="Çatale – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Çatale" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0akot%C4%97" title="Šakotė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Šakotė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A4%90%E5%8F%89" title="餐叉 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="餐叉" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garpu" title="Garpu – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Garpu" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerepu" title="Gerepu – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Gerepu" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rsk mw-list-item"><a href="https://rsk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%97%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Видлїчка – Pannonian Rusyn" lang="rsk" hreflang="rsk" data-title="Видлїчка" data-language-autonym="Руски" data-language-local-name="Pannonian Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Руски</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q81881#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fork" title="View the content page [c]" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-spoken-icon" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fork.ogg" title="Listen to this article"><img alt="Listen to this article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/20px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/30px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/40px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Eating utensil</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Fork_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Fork (disambiguation)">Fork (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Forks_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Forks (disambiguation)">Forks (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Assorted_forks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Assorted_forks.jpg/250px-Assorted_forks.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Assorted_forks.jpg/330px-Assorted_forks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Assorted_forks.jpg/500px-Assorted_forks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1872" data-file-height="1660" /></a><figcaption>From left to right: dessert fork, relish fork, salad fork, dinner fork, cold cuts fork, serving fork, carving fork</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Cutlery" title="Cutlery">cutlery</a> or <a href="/wiki/Kitchenware" title="Kitchenware">kitchenware</a>, a <b>fork</b> (from <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">furca</i> '<a href="/wiki/Pitchfork" title="Pitchfork">pitchfork</a>') is a <a href="/wiki/Eating_utensil" class="mw-redirect" title="Eating utensil">utensil</a>, now usually made of metal, whose long handle terminates in a head that branches into several narrow and often slightly curved <a href="/wiki/Tine_(structural)" title="Tine (structural)">tines</a> with which one can spear foods either to hold them to cut with a <a href="/wiki/Table_knife" title="Table knife">knife</a> or to lift them to the mouth. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <p>Bone forks have been found in archaeological sites of the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> <a href="/wiki/Qijia_culture" title="Qijia culture">Qijia culture</a> (2400–1900 BC), the <a href="/wiki/Shang_dynasty" title="Shang dynasty">Shang dynasty</a> (c. 1600–c. 1050 BC), as well as later Chinese dynasties.<sup id="cite_ref-need6V_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-need6V-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A stone carving from an <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Han" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Han">Eastern Han</a> tomb (in Ta-kua-liang, Suide County, Shaanxi) depicts three hanging two-pronged forks in a dining scene.<sup id="cite_ref-need6V_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-need6V-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar forks have also been depicted on top of a stove in a scene at another Eastern Han tomb (in Suide County, Shaanxi).<sup id="cite_ref-need6V_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-need6V-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a>, large forks were used as cooking utensils.<sup id="cite_ref-leitesculinaria_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leitesculinaria-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> and silver forks were used, many surviving examples of which are displayed in museums around Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Use varied according to local customs, social class, and the type of food, but in earlier periods forks were mostly used as cooking and serving utensils. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Forks_Susa_Louvre_MAO421-422-431.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Forks_Susa_Louvre_MAO421-422-431.jpg/250px-Forks_Susa_Louvre_MAO421-422-431.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Forks_Susa_Louvre_MAO421-422-431.jpg/500px-Forks_Susa_Louvre_MAO421-422-431.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2063" data-file-height="1062" /></a><figcaption>Bronze forks made in <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a> during the 8th or 9th century</figcaption></figure> <p>Although its origin may go back to <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a>, the personal table fork was most likely invented in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Roman Empire">Eastern Roman</a> (<i>Byzantine</i>) Empire, where they were in common use by the 4th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Ancient_inventions_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ancient_inventions-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Records show that by the 9th century in some elite circles of Persia a similar utensil known as a <i>barjyn</i> was in limited use.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 10th century, the table fork was in common use throughout the Middle East.<sup id="cite_ref-leitesculinaria_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leitesculinaria-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chronographers mention the astonishment that the Byzantine princess <a href="/wiki/Theophanu" title="Theophanu">Theophanu</a> caused to the court of the Holy Roman Empire, where she had <a href="/wiki/Otto_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor Otto II</a>), because she was using a fork instead of her hands when she was eating.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, according to <a href="/wiki/Peter_Damian" title="Peter Damian">Peter Damian</a>, the Byzantine princess <a href="/wiki/Maria_Argyropoulina" title="Maria Argyropoulina">Maria Argyropoulina</a> brought some golden forks to Venice, when she married <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Orseolo" title="Giovanni Orseolo">Giovanni Orseolo</a>, the son of the <a href="/wiki/Doge_of_Venice" title="Doge of Venice">Doge</a> <a href="/wiki/Pietro_II_Orseolo" title="Pietro II Orseolo">Pietro II Orseolo</a> in 1004. Damian condemned the fork as "vanity".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same story (with Maria Argyropoulina) was mistakenly said about the Byzantine princess <a href="/wiki/Theodora_Doukaina_Selvo" title="Theodora Doukaina Selvo">Theodora Doukaina</a> who came to Venice to marry the Doge <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Selvo" title="Domenico Selvo">Domenico Selvo</a> and was confused with Maria Argyropoulina by later authors.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 11th century, the table fork had become increasingly prevalent in the <a href="/wiki/Italian_peninsula" title="Italian peninsula">Italian peninsula</a> bbecause of historical ties with the Eastern Roman Empire and, as <a href="/wiki/Pasta" title="Pasta">pasta</a> became a greater part of the Italian diet, continued to gain popularity, displacing the long wooden spike formerly used since the fork's three spikes proved better suited to gathering the noodles.<sup id="cite_ref-Rebora2013_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rebora2013-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson2012_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2012-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 14th century the table fork had become commonplace in Italy, and by 1600 was almost universal among the merchant and upper classes. It was proper for a guest to arrive with his own fork and <a href="/wiki/Spoon" title="Spoon">spoon</a> enclosed in a box called a <i>cadena</i>; this usage was introduced to the French court with <a href="/wiki/Catherine_de%27_Medici" title="Catherine de' Medici">Catherine de' Medici</a>'s entourage. Although in Portugal forks were first used around 1450 by <a href="/wiki/Infanta_Beatrice,_Duchess_of_Viseu" class="mw-redirect" title="Infanta Beatrice, Duchess of Viseu">Infanta Beatrice, Duchess of Viseu</a>, King <a href="/wiki/Manuel_I_of_Portugal" title="Manuel I of Portugal">Manuel I of Portugal</a>'s mother,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> only by the 16th century, when they had become part of Italian <a href="/wiki/Etiquette" title="Etiquette">etiquette</a>, did forks enter into common use in southwestern Europe,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gaining some currency in Spain,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and gradually spreading to France. The rest of Europe did not adopt the fork until the 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Ancient_inventions_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ancient_inventions-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:History_spoon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/History_spoon.jpg/230px-History_spoon.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/History_spoon.jpg/345px-History_spoon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/History_spoon.jpg/460px-History_spoon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="673" data-file-height="452" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian</a> silver fork (4th century)</figcaption></figure> <p>The fork's adoption in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">northern Europe</a> was slower. Its use was first described in English by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Coryat" title="Thomas Coryat">Thomas Coryat</a> in a volume of writings on his Italian travels (1611), but for many years it was viewed as an unmanly Italian affectation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPetroski19928−9_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetroski19928−9-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some writers of the Roman Catholic Church expressly disapproved of its use; <a href="/wiki/St._Peter_Damian" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Peter Damian">St. Peter Damian</a> seeing it as "excessive delicacy".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson2012_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2012-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was not until the 18th century that the fork became commonly used in Great Britain,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (October 2024)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> although some sources say that forks were common in France, England and Sweden already by the early 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (October 2024)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="Unreliable sources cited for the 17th century assertion (January 2015)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Fork#Dubious" title="Talk:Fork">discuss</a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The fork did not become popular in North America until near the time of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-leitesculinaria_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leitesculinaria-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The four-tine design became current in the early 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_forks">Types of forks</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ice_cream_fork,_Shreve_%26_Company,_Iris_service,_silver,_1903-1917.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Ice_cream_fork%2C_Shreve_%26_Company%2C_Iris_service%2C_silver%2C_1903-1917.jpg/120px-Ice_cream_fork%2C_Shreve_%26_Company%2C_Iris_service%2C_silver%2C_1903-1917.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="407" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Ice_cream_fork%2C_Shreve_%26_Company%2C_Iris_service%2C_silver%2C_1903-1917.jpg/250px-Ice_cream_fork%2C_Shreve_%26_Company%2C_Iris_service%2C_silver%2C_1903-1917.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="844" data-file-height="3124" /></a><figcaption>An ice cream fork from the early 20th century</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_carving_knife_and_forks.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Old_carving_knife_and_forks.JPG/250px-Old_carving_knife_and_forks.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Old_carving_knife_and_forks.JPG/330px-Old_carving_knife_and_forks.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Old_carving_knife_and_forks.JPG/500px-Old_carving_knife_and_forks.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2137" data-file-height="1069" /></a><figcaption>Carving knife and carving forks. Note folding fork guards.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tranchergaffel,_1640-tal_-_Skoklosters_slott_-_102831.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Tranchergaffel%2C_1640-tal_-_Skoklosters_slott_-_102831.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Tranchergaffel%2C_1640-tal_-_Skoklosters_slott_-_102831.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Tranchergaffel%2C_1640-tal_-_Skoklosters_slott_-_102831.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Tranchergaffel%2C_1640-tal_-_Skoklosters_slott_-_102831.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Tranchergaffel%2C_1640-tal_-_Skoklosters_slott_-_102831.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Tranchergaffel%2C_1640-tal_-_Skoklosters_slott_-_102831.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>Carving fork from 1640</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pastry_fork_IMG_0899.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Pastry_fork_IMG_0899.jpg/220px-Pastry_fork_IMG_0899.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Pastry_fork_IMG_0899.jpg/330px-Pastry_fork_IMG_0899.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Pastry_fork_IMG_0899.jpg/440px-Pastry_fork_IMG_0899.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Right handed pastry fork with widened left tine</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Currywurst_forks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Currywurst_forks.jpg/220px-Currywurst_forks.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Currywurst_forks.jpg/330px-Currywurst_forks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Currywurst_forks.jpg/440px-Currywurst_forks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Two-pronged wooden chip forks</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bread_fork&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bread fork (page does not exist)">Bread fork</a>: A fork designed for serving bread from a basket or tray.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carving_fork" class="mw-redirect" title="Carving fork">Carving fork</a>: A two-pronged fork used to hold meat steady while it is being <a href="/wiki/Meat_carving" title="Meat carving">carved</a>. They are often sold with carving knives or slicers as part of a carving set.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chip_fork" title="Chip fork">Chip fork</a>: A two-pronged disposable fork, usually made of wood or plastic, designed for the eating of <a href="/wiki/French_fries" title="French fries">french fries</a> (chips), currywurst and other greasy or sauce-covered takeaway foods. Chip forks range from 7.5 to 9 cm (3.0 to 3.5 in) long. In Germany they are called <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Pommesgabel</i></span> (literally 'chip fork') or <i>currywurst forks</i>.</li> <li>Cocktail fork: A small fork resembling a trident, used for spearing cocktail garnishes such as olives.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_fork" title="Crab fork">Crab fork</a>: A short, sharp and narrow three-pronged or two-pronged fork designed to easily extract meat when consuming cooked crab.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastry_fork" title="Pastry fork">Dessert fork</a> (alternatively, pudding fork/cake fork in <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a>): Any of several different special types of forks designed to eat desserts, such as a pastry fork. They usually have only three tines and are smaller than standard dinner forks. The leftmost tine may be widened so as to provide an edge with which to cut (though it is never sharpened).</li> <li>Dinner fork</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fondue" title="Fondue">Fondue</a> fork: A narrow fork, usually having two tines, long shaft and an insulating handle, typically of wood, for dipping bread into a pot containing sauce</li> <li>Ice cream fork: A spoon with flat tines used for some desserts. See <a href="/wiki/Spork" title="Spork">spork</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knork" class="mw-redirect" title="Knork">Knork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_fork" title="Lemon fork">Lemon fork</a> for the tea service<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVon_Drachenfels2000387_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVon_Drachenfels2000387-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Pickle fork: A long handled fork used for extracting pickles from a jar. The fork has an overall length of 5.5 to 8 inches (140 to 200 mm) and two or three narrow <a href="/wiki/Tine_(structural)" title="Tine (structural)">tines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVon_Drachenfels2000214_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVon_Drachenfels2000214-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salad_fork" class="mw-redirect" title="Salad fork">Salad fork</a>: Similar to a regular fork, but may be shorter, or have one of the outer tines shaped differently. Often, a "salad fork" in the silverware service of some restaurants (especially chains) may be simply a second fork; conversely, some restaurants may omit it, offering only one fork in their service.</li> <li>Spaghetti fork: A <a href="/wiki/Novelty_item" title="Novelty item">novelty</a> fork with a metal shaft loosely fitted inside a hollow plastic handle. The shaft protrudes through the top of the handle, ending in a crank, that allows the metal part of the fork to be easily rotated with one hand while the other hand is holding the plastic handle. This supposedly allows <a href="/wiki/Spaghetti" title="Spaghetti">spaghetti</a> to be easily wound onto the tines. Electric variations of this fork have become more prevalent in modern times.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporf" class="mw-redirect" title="Sporf">Sporf</a>: A utensil combining characteristics of a spoon, a fork and a knife</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spork" title="Spork">Spork</a>: A utensil combining characteristics of a spoon and a fork.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sucket" title="Sucket">Sucket</a> fork: A utensil with tines at one end of the stem and a spoon at the other. It was used to eat food that would otherwise be messy to eat such as items preserved in syrup. The tine end could spear the item, while the other end could be used to spoon the syrup.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Terrapin fork: A spoon with flat tines used for some soups. See <a href="/wiki/Spork" title="Spork">spork</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toasting_fork" title="Toasting fork">Toasting fork</a>: A fork, usually having two tines, very long metal shaft and sometimes an insulating handle, for toasting food over coals or an open flame.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fork_etiquette" class="mw-redirect" title="Fork etiquette">Fork etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knife" title="Knife">Knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoon" title="Spoon">Spoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spork" title="Spork">Spork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_setting" title="Table setting">Table setting</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-need6V-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-need6V_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-need6V_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-need6V_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Needham (2000). <i>Science and Civilisation in China. Volume 6: Biology and biological technology. Part V: Fermentations and food science.</i> Cambridge University Press. Pages 105–110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-leitesculinaria-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-leitesculinaria_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-leitesculinaria_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-leitesculinaria_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWard,_Chad2009" class="citation web cs1">Ward, Chad (6 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://leitesculinaria.com/1157/writings-the-uncommon-origins-of-the-common-fork.html">"The Uncommon Origins of the Common Fork"</a>. Leite's Culinaria.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Uncommon+Origins+of+the+Common+Fork&rft.pub=Leite%27s+Culinaria&rft.date=2009-05-06&rft.au=Ward%2C+Chad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fleitesculinaria.com%2F1157%2Fwritings-the-uncommon-origins-of-the-common-fork.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFork" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081207064108/http://www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/opac/search/cataloguedetail.html?&priref=70534&_function_=xslt&_limit_=10">"Fitzwilliam Museum – A combination Roman eating implement"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/opac/search/cataloguedetail.html?&priref=70534&_function_=xslt&_limit_=10">the original</a> on 7 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fitzwilliam+Museum+%E2%80%93+A+combination+Roman+eating+implement&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk%2Fopac%2Fsearch%2Fcataloguedetail.html%3F%26priref%3D70534%26_function_%3Dxslt%26_limit_%3D10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFork" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sherlock, D. (1988) A combination Roman eating implement (1988). Antiquaries Journal [comments: 310–311, pl. xlix]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ancient_inventions-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ancient_inventions_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ancient_inventions_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJames,_PeterThorpe,_NickThorpe,_I._J.1995" class="citation book cs1">James, Peter; Thorpe, Nick; Thorpe, I. J. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VmJLd3sSYecC"><i>Ancient inventions</i></a>. Ballantine Books. p. 305. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-345-40102-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-345-40102-1"><bdi>978-0-345-40102-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+inventions&rft.pages=305&rft.pub=Ballantine+Books&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-345-40102-1&rft.au=James%2C+Peter&rft.au=Thorpe%2C+Nick&rft.au=Thorpe%2C+I.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVmJLd3sSYecC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFork" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCasey,_Wilson2009" class="citation book cs1">Casey, Wilson (2009). <i>Firsts: Origins of Everyday Things that Changed the World</i> (F ed.). Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59257-924-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59257-924-2"><bdi>978-1-59257-924-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Firsts%3A+Origins+of+Everyday+Things+that+Changed+the+World&rft.edition=F&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-59257-924-2&rft.au=Casey%2C+Wilson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFork" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWright,_Clifford_A.1999" class="citation book cs1">Wright, Clifford A. (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mediterraneanfea00wrig/page/82"><i>A Mediterranean Feast: The Story of the Birth of the Celebrated Cuisines of the Mediterranean from the Merchants of Venice to the Barbary Corsairs, with More than 500 Recipes</i></a></span>. William Morrow Cookbooks. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mediterraneanfea00wrig/page/82">82</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-688-15305-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-688-15305-2"><bdi>978-0-688-15305-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Mediterranean+Feast%3A+The+Story+of+the+Birth+of+the+Celebrated+Cuisines+of+the+Mediterranean+from+the+Merchants+of+Venice+to+the+Barbary+Corsairs%2C+with+More+than+500+Recipes&rft.pages=82&rft.pub=William+Morrow+Cookbooks&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-688-15305-2&rft.au=Wright%2C+Clifford+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmediterraneanfea00wrig%2Fpage%2F82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFork" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/blog/history-fork">"The history of the fork"</a>. <i>Royal Museum Greenwich</i>. National Maritime Museum.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Museum+Greenwich&rft.atitle=The+history+of+the+fork&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rmg.co.uk%2Fstories%2Fblog%2Fhistory-fork&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFork" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKelly2019" class="citation book cs1">Kelly, Thomas Forrest (30 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jD1kDwAAQBAJ"><i>The Role of the Scroll: An Illustrated Introduction to Scrolls in the Middle Ages</i></a>. W. W. Norton & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0393285031" title="Special:BookSources/978-0393285031"><bdi>978-0393285031</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Role+of+the+Scroll%3A+An+Illustrated+Introduction+to+Scrolls+in+the+Middle+Ages&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2019-04-30&rft.isbn=978-0393285031&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Forrest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjD1kDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFork" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.books.fr/fourchette-bonnes-manieres/">Amandine Meunier, "Fourchette et bonnes manières", Books n° 86, novembre / décembre 2017, Books.fr</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNicol1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Nicol" title="Donald Nicol">Nicol, Donald M.</a> (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rymIUITIYdwC"><i>Byzantium and Venice: A Study in Diplomatic and Cultural Relations</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">46–</span>47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-34157-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-34157-4"><bdi>0-521-34157-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byzantium+and+Venice%3A+A+Study+in+Diplomatic+and+Cultural+Relations&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E46-%3C%2Fspan%3E47&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-521-34157-4&rft.aulast=Nicol&rft.aufirst=Donald+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrymIUITIYdwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFork" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rebora2013-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rebora2013_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRebora2013" class="citation book cs1">Rebora, Giovanni (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tRs2ObI7ozoC&pg=PA14"><i>Culture of the Fork: A Brief History of Everyday Food and Haute Cuisine in Europe</i></a>. Columbia University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">14–</span>18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-51845-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-51845-1"><bdi>978-0-231-51845-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culture+of+the+Fork%3A+A+Brief+History+of+Everyday+Food+and+Haute+Cuisine+in+Europe&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E14-%3C%2Fspan%3E18&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-231-51845-1&rft.aulast=Rebora&rft.aufirst=Giovanni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtRs2ObI7ozoC%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFork" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2012-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson2012_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson2012_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilson2012">Wilson 2012</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111130071645/http://www.cm-loures.pt/Agenda_out11_PMes.asp">"Livro de Cozinha da Infanta D. Maria"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cm-loures.pt/Agenda_out11_PMes.asp">the original</a> on 30 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Livro+de+Cozinha+da+Infanta+D.+Maria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cm-loures.pt%2FAgenda_out11_PMes.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFork" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRautman,_Marcus_Louis2006" class="citation book cs1">Rautman, Marcus Louis (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hs3iEyVRHKsC"><i>Daily life in the Byzantine Empire</i></a>. Greenwood. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-32437-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-32437-6"><bdi>978-0-313-32437-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daily+life+in+the+Byzantine+Empire&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Greenwood&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-313-32437-6&rft.au=Rautman%2C+Marcus+Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dhs3iEyVRHKsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFork" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141220225742/http://www.hospitalityguild.com/History/Table_Forks_of_the_Medieval%26Renaissance.htm">"Table Forks of the Medieval & Renaissance Period"</a>. The International Guild of Hospitality & Restaurant Managers. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hospitalityguild.com/History/Table_Forks_of_the_Medieval%26Renaissance.htm">the original</a> on 20 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Table+Forks+of+the+Medieval+%26+Renaissance+Period&rft.pub=The+International+Guild+of+Hospitality+%26+Restaurant+Managers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hospitalityguild.com%2FHistory%2FTable_Forks_of_the_Medieval%2526Renaissance.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFork" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetroski19928−9-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPetroski19928−9_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPetroski1992">Petroski 1992</a>, pp. 8−9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCharing_Worh2014" class="citation cs2">Charing Worh (2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140324075857/http://www.charingworth.net/GB/shop/about-charingworth-cutlery.html"><i>Types of Cutlery in the UK</i></a>, Charing Worth, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.charingworth.net/GB/shop/about-charingworth-cutlery.html">the original</a> on 24 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Types+of+Cutlery+in+the+UK&rft.pub=Charing+Worth&rft.date=2014&rft.au=Charing+Worh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.charingworth.net%2FGB%2Fshop%2Fabout-charingworth-cutlery.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFork" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bookrags.com/research/knife-fork-and-spoon-woi/">bookrags.com</a>. bookrags.com (2 November 2010).  <small>This <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tertiary_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Tertiary sources">tertiary source</a> reuses information from other sources but does not name them.</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAnette_Rasmsson" class="citation web cs1">Anette Rasmsson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100731165816/http://www.popularhistoria.se/o.o.i.s?id=170&vid=707">"popularhistoria.se at archive.org"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.popularhistoria.se/o.o.i.s?id=170&vid=707">the original</a> on 31 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=popularhistoria.se+at+archive.org&rft.au=Anette+Rasmsson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.popularhistoria.se%2Fo.o.i.s%3Fid%3D170%26vid%3D707&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFork" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMariani2014" class="citation book cs1">Mariani, John F. (2014). <i>Encyclopedia of American Food and Drink</i>. London, UK: Bloomsbury – via Credo Reference.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+American+Food+and+Drink&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Mariani&rft.aufirst=John+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFork" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.practicalmachinist.com/vb/general-archive/ot-whats-do-carving-fork-doodad-92420/">what's this do? carving fork doodad - practicalmachinist.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O59288/bread-fork-harrison-fisher-and/">"Bread Fork"</a>. <i>Victoria and Albert Museum</i>. 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Victoria+and+Albert+Museum&rft.atitle=Bread+Fork&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollections.vam.ac.uk%2Fitem%2FO59288%2Fbread-fork-harrison-fisher-and%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFork" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVon_Drachenfels2000387-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVon_Drachenfels2000387_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVon_Drachenfels2000">Von Drachenfels 2000</a>, p. 387.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVon_Drachenfels2000214-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVon_Drachenfels2000214_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVon_Drachenfels2000">Von Drachenfels 2000</a>, p. 214.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foodreference.com/html/art-history-fork-729.html">"A Short History of the Fork - The Art of the Table"</a>. <i>foodreference.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=foodreference.com&rft.atitle=A+Short+History+of+the+Fork+-+The+Art+of+the+Table&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodreference.com%2Fhtml%2Fart-history-fork-729.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFork" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPetroski1992" class="citation cs2">Petroski, Henry (1992), <i>The evolution of useful things</i>, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-6797-4039-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-6797-4039-1"><bdi>978-0-6797-4039-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+evolution+of+useful+things&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knopf&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-6797-4039-1&rft.aulast=Petroski&rft.aufirst=Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFork" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVon_Drachenfels2000" class="citation book cs1">Von Drachenfels, Susanne (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d6xaJWJFe1QC&pg=PA214"><i>The Art of the Table: A Complete Guide to Table Setting, Table Manners, and Tableware</i></a>. Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-84732-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-684-84732-0"><bdi>978-0-684-84732-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+the+Table%3A+A+Complete+Guide+to+Table+Setting%2C+Table+Manners%2C+and+Tableware&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-684-84732-0&rft.aulast=Von+Drachenfels&rft.aufirst=Susanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd6xaJWJFe1QC%26pg%3DPA214&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFork" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSherlock2007" class="citation journal cs1">Sherlock, David (2007). "Roman Forks". <i>Archaeological Journal</i>. <b>164</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">249–</span>267. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00665983.2007.11020711">10.1080/00665983.2007.11020711</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0066-5983">0066-5983</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archaeological+Journal&rft.atitle=Roman+Forks&rft.volume=164&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E249-%3C%2Fspan%3E267&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00665983.2007.11020711&rft.issn=0066-5983&rft.aulast=Sherlock&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFork" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilson2012" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, B. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dUvvH6KccRQC"><i>Consider the Fork: A History of How We Cook and Eat</i></a>. Basic Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-02176-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-02176-5"><bdi>978-0-465-02176-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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