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Saad Wasim Ghouri</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Makhdoom Saad Wasim Ghouri"> <meta name="keywords" content="Makhdoom Saad Wasim Ghouri"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Makhdoom Saad Wasim Ghouri"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 241</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Makhdoom Saad Wasim Ghouri</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">241</span> Investigating the Morphological Patterns of Lip Prints and Their Effectiveness in Individualization and Gender Determination in Pakistani Population</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makhdoom%20Saad%20Wasim%20Ghouri">Makhdoom Saad Wasim Ghouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muneeba%20Butt"> Muneeba Butt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Ashraf%20Tahir"> Mohammad Ashraf Tahir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rashid%20Bhatti"> Rashid Bhatti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akbar%20Ali"> Akbar Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Rehman"> Abdul Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Basit"> Abdul Basit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muzzamel%20Rehman"> Muzzamel Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahbaz%20Aslam"> Shahbaz Aslam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farakh%20Mansoor"> Farakh Mansoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Fayyaz"> Ahmad Fayyaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadia%20Siddiqui"> Hadia Siddiqui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lip print analysis (Cheiloscopy) is the new emerging technique that might be the guardian angel in establishing the personal identity. Cheiloscopy is basically the study of elevations and depressions present on the external surface of the lips. In our study, 600 lip prints samples were taken (300 males and 300 females). Lip prints of each individual were divided into four quadrants and the upper middle portion. For general classification, middle part of the lower lip almost 10 mm wide would be taken into consideration. After analysis of lip-prints, our results show that lip prints are the unique and permanent character of every individual. No two lip print was matched with each other even of the identical twins. Our study reveals that there is equal distribution of lip print patterns among all the four quadrants of lips and the upper middle portion; these distributions were statistically analyzed by applying chi-square test which shows the significant results. In general classification, 5 lip print types/patterns were studied, Type 1 (Vertical lines), Type 2 (Branched pattern), Type 3 (Intersected pattern), Type 4 (Reticular pattern) and Type 5 (Undetermined). Type 1 and Type 2 were found to be the most frequent patterns in female population, while Type 3 and Type 4 most commonly found in male population. These results were also analyzed by applying Chi-square test, and the results show significance statistically. Thus, establishing sex determination on the basis of lip print types among the gender. Type 5 was the least common pattern among genders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cheiloscopy" title="cheiloscopy">cheiloscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution" title=" distribution"> distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quadrants" title=" quadrants"> quadrants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sex%20determination" title=" sex determination"> sex determination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81911/investigating-the-morphological-patterns-of-lip-prints-and-their-effectiveness-in-individualization-and-gender-determination-in-pakistani-population" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81911.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">240</span> Role of Zakat and Awqf in Socioeconomic Development of Pakistan: Exploring the Issues and Challenges</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marium.%20K.Makhdoom">Marium. K.Makhdoom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Talat%20Hussain"> Talat Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20H.%20Bukhari"> Syed H. Bukhari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The motivation behind this paper is to focus the need of Zakat as a monetary framework with a specific end goal and as a social equity instrument and minimization of the level of poverty in society to assess the socioeconomic development. The procedure of the study includes investigating the applied system of Islamic economics to propose an option display so as to contribute fundamentally to the Ummah and serving the countries. This paper closes to be viewed Zakat as one of the best possible strategies to quantify the socioeconomic development, which implies when individuals pay Zakat the socioeconomic development level will be higher and vice versa. The duties of Muslims to pay Zakat to accomplish practical improvement as far as wealth redistribution in the middle of Muslims and in addition overcoming any and all hardships between the rich and the poor in the general public. The paper adds to consider Zakat as an index to gauge economic development, moreover, the part of Zakat as an instrument of social equity and neediness destruction in the public eye. By and large, this includes the installment every year of more than two percent of one's capital after the needs of the family have been met. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zakat" title="Zakat">Zakat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waqf" title=" Waqf"> Waqf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20development" title=" economic development"> economic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20economics" title=" Islamic economics"> Islamic economics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macroeconomics" title=" macroeconomics"> macroeconomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microeconomics" title=" microeconomics"> microeconomics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34072/role-of-zakat-and-awqf-in-socioeconomic-development-of-pakistan-exploring-the-issues-and-challenges" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34072.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">429</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">239</span> Enhancing the Performance of Bug Reporting System by Handling Duplicate Reporting Reports: Artificial Intelligence Based Mantis </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afshan%20Saad">Afshan Saad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Saad"> Muhammad Saad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shah%20Muhammad%20Emaduddin"> Shah Muhammad Emaduddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bug reporting systems are most important tool that guides regarding different maintenance activities in software engineering. Duplicate bug reports which describe the bugs and issues in bug reporting system repository increases processing time of bug triage that monitors all such activities and software programmers who are working and spending time on reports which were assigned by triage. These reports can reveal imperfections and degrade software quality. As there is a number of the potential duplicate bug reports increases, the number of bug reports in bug repository increases. Identifying duplicate bug reports help in decreasing development work load in fixing defects. However, it is difficult to manually identify all possible duplicates because of the huge number of already reported bug reports. In this paper, an artificial intelligence based system using Mantis is proposed to automatically detect duplicate bug reports. When new bugs are submitted to repository triages will mark it with a tag. It will investigate that whether it is a duplicate of an existing bug report by matching or not. Reports with duplicate tags will be eliminated from the repository which not only will improve the performance of the system but can also save cost and effort waste on bug triage and finding the duplicate bug. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bug%20tracking" title="bug tracking">bug tracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triager" title=" triager"> triager</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tool" title=" tool"> tool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20assurance" title=" quality assurance"> quality assurance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102595/enhancing-the-performance-of-bug-reporting-system-by-handling-duplicate-reporting-reports-artificial-intelligence-based-mantis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102595.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">238</span> Assessment of the Occupancy’s Effect on Speech Intelligibility in Al-Madinah Holy Mosque</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wasim%20Orfali">Wasim Orfali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hesham%20Tolba"> Hesham Tolba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research investigates the acoustical characteristics of Al-Madinah Holy Mosque. Extensive field measurements were conducted in different locations of Al-Madinah Holy Mosque to characterize its acoustic characteristics. The acoustical characteristics are usually evaluated by the use of objective parameters in unoccupied rooms due to practical considerations. However, under normal conditions, the room occupancy can vary such characteristics due to the effect of the additional sound absorption present in the room or by the change in signal-to-noise ratio. Based on the acoustic measurements carried out in Al-Madinah Holy Mosque with and without occupancy, and the analysis of such measurements, the existence of acoustical deficiencies has been confirmed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al-Madinah%20Holy%20Mosque" title="Al-Madinah Holy Mosque">Al-Madinah Holy Mosque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mosque%20acoustics" title=" mosque acoustics"> mosque acoustics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speech%20intelligibility" title=" speech intelligibility"> speech intelligibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=worship%20sound" title=" worship sound"> worship sound</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97808/assessment-of-the-occupancys-effect-on-speech-intelligibility-in-al-madinah-holy-mosque" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97808.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">237</span> Amplifying Sine Unit-Convolutional Neural Network: An Efficient Deep Architecture for Image Classification and Feature Visualizations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamshaid%20Ul%20Rahman">Jamshaid Ul Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faiza%20Makhdoom"> Faiza Makhdoom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dianchen%20Lu"> Dianchen Lu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Activation functions play a decisive role in determining the capacity of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) as they enable neural networks to capture inherent nonlinearities present in data fed to them. The prior research on activation functions primarily focused on the utility of monotonic or non-oscillatory functions, until Growing Cosine Unit (GCU) broke the taboo for a number of applications. In this paper, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model named as ASU-CNN is proposed which utilizes recently designed activation function ASU across its layers. The effect of this non-monotonic and oscillatory function is inspected through feature map visualizations from different convolutional layers. The optimization of proposed network is offered by Adam with a fine-tuned adjustment of learning rate. The network achieved promising results on both training and testing data for the classification of CIFAR-10. The experimental results affirm the computational feasibility and efficacy of the proposed model for performing tasks related to the field of computer vision. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amplifying%20sine%20unit" title="amplifying sine unit">amplifying sine unit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activation%20function" title=" activation function"> activation function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convolutional%20neural%20networks" title=" convolutional neural networks"> convolutional neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oscillatory%20activation" title=" oscillatory activation"> oscillatory activation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20classification" title=" image classification"> image classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CIFAR-10" title=" CIFAR-10"> CIFAR-10</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169054/amplifying-sine-unit-convolutional-neural-network-an-efficient-deep-architecture-for-image-classification-and-feature-visualizations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169054.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">236</span> Video Based Automatic License Plate Recognition System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Ganoun">Ali Ganoun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wesam%20Algablawi"> Wesam Algablawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wasim%20BenAnaif"> Wasim BenAnaif </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Video based traffic surveillance based on License Plate Recognition (LPR) system is an essential part for any intelligent traffic management system. The LPR system utilizes computer vision and pattern recognition technologies to obtain trafﬁc and road information by detecting and recognizing vehicles based on their license plates. Generally, the video based LPR system is a challenging area of research due to the variety of environmental conditions. The LPR systems used in a wide range of commercial applications such as collision warning systems, finding stolen cars, controlling access to car parks and automatic congestion charge systems. This paper presents an automatic LPR system of Libyan license plate. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated with three video sequences. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=license%20plate%20recognition" title="license plate recognition">license plate recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=localization" title=" localization"> localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=segmentation" title=" segmentation"> segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recognition" title=" recognition"> recognition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9958/video-based-automatic-license-plate-recognition-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9958.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">464</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">235</span> The Impact of Regulation on Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting Quality: UK Evidence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruba%20Hamed">Ruba Hamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Hussainey"> Khaled Hussainey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basiem%20Al-Shattarat"> Basiem Al-Shattarat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wasim%20Al-Shattarat"> Wasim Al-Shattarat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper examines how the influence of mandating corporate social responsibility reporting (CSR) on subsequent financial performance through accounting-based measures and market-based measures. We provide evidence about the negative impact of reporting CSR voluntarily on the firm’s future performance due to the increased spending on and costs related to such activities. On the contrary, mandating CSR reporting enhances firms’ future performance by signalling to the market about the firm’s positive stance towards sustainability issues in the UK. Our findings are of interest to regulation setters and stakeholders with respect to mandatory CSR reporting and provide further insight and feedback into accounting and reporting practices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accounting-based%20performance" title="accounting-based performance">accounting-based performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mandatory%20CSR" title=" mandatory CSR"> mandatory CSR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mandatory%20regulation" title=" mandatory regulation"> mandatory regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=market-based%20performance" title=" market-based performance"> market-based performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116504/the-impact-of-regulation-on-corporate-social-responsibility-reporting-quality-uk-evidence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116504.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">234</span> Broadcast Routing in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muazzam%20A.%20Khan">Muazzam A. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Wasim"> Muhammad Wasim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vehicular adhoc network (VANET) Cars for network (VANET) allowing vehicles to talk to each other, which is committed to building a strong network of mobile vehicles is technical. In VANETs vehicles are equipped with special devices that can get and share info with the atmosphere and other vehicles in the network. Depending on this data security and safety of the vehicles can be enhanced. Broadcast routing is dispersion of any audio or visual medium of mass communication scattered audience distribute audio and video content, but usually using electromagnetic radiation (waves). The lack of server or fixed infrastructure media messages in VANETs plays an important role for every individual application. Broadcast Message VANETs still open research challenge and requires some effort to come to good solutions. This paper starts with a brief introduction of VANET, its applications, and the law of the message-trends in this network starts. This work provides an important and comprehensive study of reliable broadcast routing in VANET scenario. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicular%20ad-hoc%20network" title="vehicular ad-hoc network ">vehicular ad-hoc network </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broadcasting" title=" broadcasting"> broadcasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=networking%20protocols" title=" networking protocols"> networking protocols</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20pattern" title=" traffic pattern"> traffic pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20intensity%20conflict" title=" low intensity conflict"> low intensity conflict</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28117/broadcast-routing-in-vehicular-ad-hoc-networks-vanets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28117.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">532</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">233</span> A Virtual Reality Cybersecurity Training Knowledge-Based Ontology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaila%20Rana">Shaila Rana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wasim%20Alhamdani"> Wasim Alhamdani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Effective cybersecurity learning relies on an engaging, interactive, and entertaining activity that fosters positive learning outcomes. VR cybersecurity training may promote these aforementioned variables. However, a methodological approach and framework have not yet been created to allow trainers and educators to employ VR cybersecurity training methods to promote positive learning outcomes to the author’s best knowledge. Thus, this paper aims to create an approach that cybersecurity trainers can follow to create a VR cybersecurity training module. This methodology utilizes concepts from other cybersecurity training frameworks, such as NICE and CyTrONE. Other cybersecurity training frameworks do not incorporate the use of VR. VR training proposes unique challenges that cannot be addressed in current cybersecurity training frameworks. Subsequently, this ontology utilizes concepts unique to developing VR training to create a relevant methodology for creating VR cybersecurity training modules. The outcome of this research is to create a methodology that is relevant and useful for designing VR cybersecurity training modules. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20reality%20cybersecurity%20training" title="virtual reality cybersecurity training">virtual reality cybersecurity training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VR%20cybersecurity%20training" title=" VR cybersecurity training"> VR cybersecurity training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20cybersecurity%20training" title=" traditional cybersecurity training"> traditional cybersecurity training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ontology" title=" ontology"> ontology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138790/a-virtual-reality-cybersecurity-training-knowledge-based-ontology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138790.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">232</span> Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Cirrhinus mrigala Fingerlings Fed on Sunflower Meal Based Diet Supplemented with Phytase</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Makhdoom%20Hussain">Syed Makhdoom Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Afzal"> Muhammad Afzal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhat%20Jabeen"> Farhat Jabeen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arshad%20Javid"> Arshad Javid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tasneem%20Hameed"> Tasneem Hameed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A feeding trial was conducted with Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings to study the effects of microbial phytase with graded levels (0, 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 FTUkg-1) by sunflower meal based diet on growth performance and nutrient digestibility. The chromic oxide was added as an indigestible marker in the diets. Three replicate groups of 15 fish (Average wt 5.98 g fish-1) were fed once a day and feces were collected twice daily. The results of present study showed improved growth and feed performance of Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings in response to phytase supplementation. Maximum growth performance was obtained by the fish fed on test diet-III having 1000 FTU kg-1 phytase level. Similarly, nutrient digestibility was also significantly increased (p<0.05) by phytase supplementation. Digestibility coefficients for sunflower meal based diet increased 15.76%, 17.70%, and 12.70% for crude protein, crude fat and apparent gross energy as compared to the reference diet, respectively at 1000 FTU kg-1 level. Again, maximum response of nutrient digestibility was recorded at the phytase level of 1000 FTU kg-1 diet. It was concluded that the phytase supplementation to sunflower meal based diet at 1000 FTU kg-1 level is optimum to release adequate chelated nutrients for maximum growth performance of C. mrigala fingerlings. Our results also suggested that phytase supplementation to sunflower meal based diet can help in the development of sustainable aquaculture by reducing the feed cost and nutrient discharge through feces in the aquatic ecosystem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sunflower%20meal" title="sunflower meal">sunflower meal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cirrhinus%20mrigala" title=" Cirrhinus mrigala"> Cirrhinus mrigala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth" title=" growth"> growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrient%20digestibility" title=" nutrient digestibility"> nutrient digestibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytase" title=" phytase "> phytase </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26230/growth-performance-and-nutrient-digestibility-of-cirrhinus-mrigala-fingerlings-fed-on-sunflower-meal-based-diet-supplemented-with-phytase" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26230.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">231</span> Single Phase Fluid Flow in Series of Microchannel Connected via Converging-Diverging Section with or without Throat</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhishek%20Kumar%20Chandra">Abhishek Kumar Chandra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaushal%20Kishor"> Kaushal Kishor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wasim%20Khan"> Wasim Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dhananjay%20Singh"> Dhananjay Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Alam"> M. S. Alam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Single phase fluid flow through series of uniform microchannels connected via transition section (converging-diverging section with or without throat) was analytically and numerically studied to characterize the flow within the channel and in the transition sections. Three sets of microchannels of diameters 100, 184, and 249 μm were considered for investigation. Each set contains 10 numbers of microchannels of length 20 mm, connected to each other in series via transition sections. Transition section consists of either converging-diverging section with throat or without throat. The effect of non-uniformity in microchannels on pressure drop was determined by passing water/air through the set of channels for Reynolds number 50 to 1000. Compressibility and rarefaction effects in transition sections were also tested analytically and numerically for air flow. The analytical and numerical results show that these configurations can be used in enhancement of transport processes. However, converging-diverging section without throat shows superior performance over with throat configuration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contraction-expansion%20flow" title="contraction-expansion flow">contraction-expansion flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrated%20microchannel" title=" integrated microchannel"> integrated microchannel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microchannel%20network" title=" microchannel network"> microchannel network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20phase%20flow" title=" single phase flow"> single phase flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75976/single-phase-fluid-flow-in-series-of-microchannel-connected-via-converging-diverging-section-with-or-without-throat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75976.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">230</span> Adding Business Value in Enterprise Applications through Quality Matrices Using Agile</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afshan%20Saad">Afshan Saad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Saad"> Muhammad Saad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shah%20Muhammad%20Emaduddin"> Shah Muhammad Emaduddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays the business condition is so quick paced that enhancing ourselves consistently has turned into a huge factor for the presence of an undertaking. We can check this for structural building and significantly more so in the quick-paced universe of data innovation and programming designing. The lithe philosophies, similar to Scrum, have a devoted advance in the process that objectives the enhancement of the improvement procedure and programming items. Pivotal to process enhancement is to pick up data that grants you to assess the condition of the procedure and its items. From the status data, you can design activities for the upgrade and furthermore assess the accomplishment of those activities. This investigation builds a model that measures the product nature of the improvement procedure. The product quality is dependent on the useful and auxiliary nature of the product items, besides the nature of the advancement procedure is likewise vital to enhance programming quality. Utilitarian quality covers the adherence to client prerequisites, while the auxiliary quality tends to the structure of the product item's source code with reference to its practicality. The procedure quality is identified with the consistency and expectedness of the improvement procedure. The product quality model is connected in a business setting by social occasion the information for the product measurements in the model. To assess the product quality model, we investigate the information and present it to the general population engaged with the light-footed programming improvement process. The outcomes from the application and the client input recommend that the model empowers a reasonable evaluation of the product quality and that it very well may be utilized to help the persistent enhancement of the advancement procedure and programming items. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agile%20SDLC%20Tools" title="Agile SDLC Tools">Agile SDLC Tools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agile%20Software%20development" title=" Agile Software development"> Agile Software development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20value" title=" business value"> business value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enterprise%20applications" title=" enterprise applications"> enterprise applications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IBM" title=" IBM"> IBM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IBM%20Rational%20Team%20Concert" title=" IBM Rational Team Concert"> IBM Rational Team Concert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RTC" title=" RTC"> RTC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20quality" title=" software quality"> software quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20metrics" title=" software metrics"> software metrics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103463/adding-business-value-in-enterprise-applications-through-quality-matrices-using-agile" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103463.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">229</span> Comparison of Deep Learning and Machine Learning Algorithms to Diagnose and Predict Breast Cancer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Ghazalnaz%20Sharifonnasabi">F. Ghazalnaz Sharifonnasabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iman%20Makhdoom"> Iman Makhdoom</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Breast cancer is a serious health concern that affects many people around the world. According to a study published in the Breast journal, the global burden of breast cancer is expected to increase significantly over the next few decades. The number of deaths from breast cancer has been increasing over the years, but the age-standardized mortality rate has decreased in some countries. It’s important to be aware of the risk factors for breast cancer and to get regular check- ups to catch it early if it does occur. Machin learning techniques have been used to aid in the early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. These techniques, that have been shown to be effective in predicting and diagnosing the disease, have become a research hotspot. In this study, we consider two deep learning approaches including: Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). We also considered the five-machine learning algorithm titled: Decision Tree (C4.5), Naïve Bayesian (NB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) Algorithm and XGBoost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting) on the Breast Cancer Wisconsin Diagnostic dataset. We have carried out the process of evaluating and comparing classifiers involving selecting appropriate metrics to evaluate classifier performance and selecting an appropriate tool to quantify this performance. The main purpose of the study is predicting and diagnosis breast cancer, applying the mentioned algorithms and also discovering of the most effective with respect to confusion matrix, accuracy and precision. It is realized that CNN outperformed all other classifiers and achieved the highest accuracy (0.982456). The work is implemented in the Anaconda environment based on Python programing language. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20cancer" title="breast cancer">breast cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-layer%20perceptron" title=" multi-layer perceptron"> multi-layer perceptron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Na%C3%AFve%20Bayesian" title=" Naïve Bayesian"> Naïve Bayesian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SVM" title=" SVM"> SVM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20tree" title=" decision tree"> decision tree</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convolutional%20neural%20network" title=" convolutional neural network"> convolutional neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XGBoost" title=" XGBoost"> XGBoost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KNN" title=" KNN"> KNN</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167582/comparison-of-deep-learning-and-machine-learning-algorithms-to-diagnose-and-predict-breast-cancer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167582.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">228</span> Studies on the Prevalence and Determination of Associated Risk Factors of Babesia in Goats of District Toba Tek Singh, Punjab, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tauseef-ur-Rehman">Tauseef-ur-Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rao%20Zahid%20Abbas"> Rao Zahid Abbas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wasim%20Babar"> Wasim Babar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arbab%20Sikandar"> Arbab Sikandar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Babesiosis is an infection due to the multiplication of tick borne parasite, Babesia sp., in erythrocytes of host (variety of vertebrates) including small ruminants and is responsible for decreased livestock output and hence economic losses. A cross-sectional study was designed in order to evaluate the prevalence of Babesia and its relation with various associated factors in district Toba Tek Singh, Central Punjab, Pakistan in 2009-2010. A total 10.84% (50/461) out of 461 examined cases for Babesia were found positive for Babesia infection. Month-wise peak prevalence was observed in July (17.95%), while no positive case was recorded in Dec-2009 and Jan-2010. The prevalence of infection in different goat breeds was found as non-significant (P < 0.05) for Babesia infection. The prevalence of Babesia was found significantly (P < 0.05) dependent to the goat age and sex. The feeding system, housing system, floor type and herd size revealed strong correlation with Babesia prevalence, while watering system and body conditions were found to be non-significant (P < 0.05), and hence it is suggested that with the improvement of management precautions Babesiosis can be avoided. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babesia" title="Babesia">Babesia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=goat" title=" goat"> goat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevalence" title=" prevalence"> prevalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20factors" title=" risk factors"> risk factors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30411/studies-on-the-prevalence-and-determination-of-associated-risk-factors-of-babesia-in-goats-of-district-toba-tek-singh-punjab-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30411.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">520</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">227</span> Ant System with Acoustic Communication</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20Bougrine">Saad Bougrine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salma%20Ouchraa"> Salma Ouchraa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belaid%20Ahiod"> Belaid Ahiod</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelhakim%20Ameur%20El%20Imrani"> Abdelhakim Ameur El Imrani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ant colony optimization is an ant algorithm framework that took inspiration from foraging behaviour of ant colonies. Indeed, ACO algorithms use a chemical communication, represented by pheromone trails, to build good solutions. However, ants involve different communication channels to interact. Thus, this paper introduces the acoustic communication between ants while they are foraging. This process allows fine and local exploration of search space and permits optimal solution to be improved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20communication" title="acoustic communication">acoustic communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ant%20colony%20optimization" title=" ant colony optimization"> ant colony optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20search" title=" local search"> local search</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traveling%20salesman%20problem" title=" traveling salesman problem"> traveling salesman problem</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7857/ant-system-with-acoustic-communication" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7857.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">586</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">226</span> In vitro Culture of Flowers of Maerua crassiflia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abobkar%20Abrahem%20Mohamed%20Saad">Abobkar Abrahem Mohamed Saad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asma%20Abud%20Alsalam"> Asma Abud Alsalam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Closed flowers of Maerua crassifolia were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with benzyl amino purine BA (1.0 mg/l). The colour of flowers changed from green to pale brown after one week. They opened after two weeks. The anthers became clear which was observed after 3 weeks. Calluses are induced from sepals after one month. 19 anthers were observed with average length of 1.9 cm. The amount of calluses increased after 40 days. These calluses were fragmented and subcultured on MS+ 2-4D (1.0 mg/l) in order to increase growth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20vitro" title="in vitro">in vitro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maerua" title=" Maerua"> Maerua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flowers" title=" flowers"> flowers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title=" culture"> culture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4399/in-vitro-culture-of-flowers-of-maerua-crassiflia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4399.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">225</span> Extraction of Inulin from Cichorium Intybus and Its Application as Fat Replacer in Yoghurt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafiz%20Khuram%20Wasim%20Aslam">Hafiz Khuram Wasim Aslam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Saeed"> Muhammad Saeed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azam%20Shakeel"> Azam Shakeel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Inam%20Ur%20Raheem"> Muhammad Inam Ur Raheem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moazzam%20Rafiq%20Khan"> Moazzam Rafiq Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Atif%20Randhawa"> Muhammad Atif Randhawa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Inulin is significant ingredient used in food industry that functions technologically as a fat replacer often without compromising taste and texture. In this study inulin was extracted from the chicory roots and the effect of inulin addition as a fat replacer on the physiochemical, microbiological and sensory properties of non-fat yogurt was investigated. The supplementation of chicory inulin reduced the magnitude of firmness in comparison with non-inulin ¬supplemented non-fat yoghurt. Higher values of acidity were observed due to the more microbial fermentation in the inulin containing yogurt as compared to non-inulin yogurt and were in the range of 0.56 to 0.75 during storage days. Syneresis in control sample increased from 43.9% to 47.9% during the storage study. However inulin addition at different treatment enhanced syneresis from 44.5% to 47.6%. Inulin addition at various concentrations caused an increase in the TPC due to its probiotic effect. No effects of inuline addition on fat and protein contents were observed. Non-fat yoghurt supplemented with inulin demonstrated sensory behavior better than that of the control yoghurt. The most important effect of the addition of inulin to non-fat yoghurt is an increase in the sensory attributes appearance, body and texture, taste and mouth feel, overall acceptability. On an average, yoghurt supplemented with 1 to 2% inulin was better in overall acceptance as compared to control yoghurt. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inulin" title="inulin">inulin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fat%20replacer" title=" fat replacer"> fat replacer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yoghurt" title=" yoghurt"> yoghurt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensory%20evaluation" title=" sensory evaluation"> sensory evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20fat" title=" low fat"> low fat</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23498/extraction-of-inulin-from-cichorium-intybus-and-its-application-as-fat-replacer-in-yoghurt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23498.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">591</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">224</span> Exploring the Need to Study the Efficacy of VR Training Compared to Traditional Cybersecurity Training</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaila%20Rana">Shaila Rana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wasim%20Alhamdani"> Wasim Alhamdani </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Effective cybersecurity training is of the utmost importance, given the plethora of attacks that continue to increase in complexity and ubiquity. VR cybersecurity training remains a starkly understudied discipline. Studies that evaluated the effectiveness of VR cybersecurity training over traditional methods are required. An engaging and interactive platform can support knowledge retention of the training material. Consequently, an effective form of cybersecurity training is required to support a culture of cybersecurity awareness. Measurements of effectiveness varied throughout the studies, with surveys and observations being the two most utilized forms of evaluating effectiveness. Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of VR cybersecurity training and traditional training. Additionally, research for evaluating if VR cybersecurity training is more effective than traditional methods is vital. This paper proposes a methodology to compare the two cybersecurity training methods and their effectiveness. The proposed framework includes developing both VR and traditional cybersecurity training methods and delivering them to at least 100 users. A quiz along with a survey will be administered and statistically analyzed to determine if there is a difference in knowledge retention and user satisfaction. The aim of this paper is to bring attention to the need to study VR cybersecurity training and its effectiveness compared to traditional training methods. This paper hopes to contribute to the cybersecurity training field by providing an effective way to train users for security awareness. If VR training is deemed more effective, this could create a new direction for cybersecurity training practices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20reality%20cybersecurity%20training" title="virtual reality cybersecurity training">virtual reality cybersecurity training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VR%20cybersecurity%20training" title=" VR cybersecurity training"> VR cybersecurity training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20cybersecurity%20training" title=" traditional cybersecurity training"> traditional cybersecurity training</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132319/exploring-the-need-to-study-the-efficacy-of-vr-training-compared-to-traditional-cybersecurity-training" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132319.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">215</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">223</span> Waiting Time Reduction in a Government Hospital Emergency Department: A Case Study on AlAdan Hospital, Kuwait</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bashayer%20AlRobayaan">Bashayer AlRobayaan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Munira%20Saad"> Munira Saad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20AlBawab"> Alaa AlBawab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20AlHamad"> Fatma AlHamad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20AlAwadhi"> Sara AlAwadhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sherif%20Fahmy"> Sherif Fahmy </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper addresses the problem of long waiting times in government hospitals emergency departments (ED). It aims at finding feasible and simple ways of reducing waiting times that do not require a lot of resources and/or expenses. AlAdan Hospital in Kuwait was chosen to be understudy to further understand and capture the problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healthcare" title="healthcare">healthcare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hospital" title=" hospital"> hospital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuwait" title=" Kuwait"> Kuwait</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waiting%20times" title=" waiting times"> waiting times</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergency%20department" title=" emergency department"> emergency department</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9389/waiting-time-reduction-in-a-government-hospital-emergency-department-a-case-study-on-aladan-hospital-kuwait" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9389.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">489</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">222</span> Comparison between LQR and ANN Active Anti-Roll Control of a Single Unit Heavy Vehicle </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babesse%20Saad">Babesse Saad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ameddah%20Djemeleddine"> Ameddah Djemeleddine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a learning algorithm using neuronal networks to improve the roll stability and prevent the rollover in a single unit heavy vehicle is proposed. First, LQR control to keep balanced normalized rollovers, between front and rear axles, below the unity, then a data collected from this controller is used as a training basis of a neuronal regulator. The ANN controller is thereafter applied for the nonlinear side force model, and gives satisfactory results than the LQR one. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rollover" title="rollover">rollover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20unit%20heavy%20vehicle" title=" single unit heavy vehicle"> single unit heavy vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20networks" title=" neural networks"> neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20side%20force" title=" nonlinear side force "> nonlinear side force </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13730/comparison-between-lqr-and-ann-active-anti-roll-control-of-a-single-unit-heavy-vehicle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13730.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">474</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">221</span> Comparison between Classical and New Direct Torque Control Strategies of Induction Machine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mouna%20Essaadi">Mouna Essaadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Khafallah"> Mohamed Khafallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdallah%20Saad"> Abdallah Saad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Chaikhy"> Hamid Chaikhy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a comparative analysis between conventional direct torque control (C_DTC), Modified direct torque control (M_DTC) and twelve sectors direct torque control (12_DTC).Those different strategies are compared by simulation in term of torque, flux and stator current performances. Finally, a summary of the comparative analysis is presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C_DTC" title="C_DTC">C_DTC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M_DTC" title=" M_DTC"> M_DTC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=12_DTC" title=" 12_DTC"> 12_DTC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=torque%20dynamic" title=" torque dynamic"> torque dynamic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stator%20current" title=" stator current"> stator current</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flux" title=" flux"> flux</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performances" title=" performances"> performances</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18282/comparison-between-classical-and-new-direct-torque-control-strategies-of-induction-machine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18282.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">619</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">220</span> Comparative Study between Direct Torque Control and Sliding Mode Control of Sensorless Induction Machine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fouad%20Berrabah">Fouad Berrabah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20Salah"> Saad Salah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaamouche%20Fares"> Zaamouche Fares </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the Direct Torque Control (DTC) Control and the Sliding Mode Control for induction motor are presented and compared. The performance of the two control schemes is evaluated in terms of torque and current ripple, and transient response to variations of the torque , speed and robustness, trajectory tracking. In order to identify the more suitable solution for any application, both techniques are analyzed mathematically and simulation results are compared which advantages and drawbacks are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induction%20motor" title="induction motor">induction motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DTC-%20MRAS%20control" title=" DTC- MRAS control"> DTC- MRAS control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliding%20mode%20control" title=" sliding mode control"> sliding mode control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robustness" title=" robustness"> robustness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trajectory%20tracking" title=" trajectory tracking"> trajectory tracking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24357/comparative-study-between-direct-torque-control-and-sliding-mode-control-of-sensorless-induction-machine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24357.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">596</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">219</span> Upward Millennium: Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Development and Implementation in Pakistani Organizations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Aziz">Sara Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madiha%20Arooj"> Madiha Arooj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hira%20Rizwani"> Hira Rizwani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wasim%20Irshad"> Wasim Irshad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Enterprise Resource Planning (ER) as component of Information Resource System has turned up as one of the most demanding software in market for the new millennium. ERP system automates the core activities of any organization such as finance, manufacturing and supply chain management, human resource etc. to generate an access to the information in real time environment. Despite this fact many of the organizations globally particularly in developing country Pakistan are unaware and avoid adopting it. The development and implementation of ERP system is a complex and challenging process. This research was aimed to explore the benefits and coping strategies (with reference to end user reaction) of organizations those have implemented ERP. The problems addressed in this study focused the challenges and key success factors regarding implementing ERP Pakistani Organizations. Secondly, it has explored the stumbling blocks and business integration of those organizations that are not implementing ERP. The public and corporate sector organizations in Pakistan were selected to collect the data. The research finding shows that the organizational culture, openness towards adoption and learning, deployment and development, top management commitment and change systems, business processes and compatibility and user acceptance and reaction are contributing factors for successful implementation and development of ERP system. This research is thus an addition to enhance knowledge and understanding of implementation of ERP system in Pakistan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ERP%20system" title="ERP system">ERP system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=user%20acceptance%20and%20involvement" title=" user acceptance and involvement"> user acceptance and involvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=change%20management" title=" change management"> change management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20culture" title=" organizational culture"> organizational culture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43265/upward-millennium-enterprise-resource-planning-erp-development-and-implementation-in-pakistani-organizations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43265.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">281</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">218</span> Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Some Amino Acids by Peroxodisulphate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelmahmod%20Saad">Abdelmahmod Saad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study two amino acids were chosen (DL.alanine,DL.serine) to determine their effect on dissociation of S2O8-2 ino. As the reaction was very slow, Ag+ ino was used as a catalyst. The kinetics measurement showed that the reactions in both cases were found in the first order with respect to S2O8-2, half order with respect to Ag+ and zero order with respect to substrates. Mechanisms were proposed for these reactions according to the determined orders. The energy of activation (AE) was determined for each reaction, and was found to by 30.50 k JmoI-1 in case of DL. Serine and 24.40 k JmoI-1 in case of DL.alanine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanism" title="mechanism">mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidation" title=" oxidation"> oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amino%20acids" title=" amino acids"> amino acids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peroxodisulphate" title=" peroxodisulphate"> peroxodisulphate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73240/kinetics-and-mechanism-of-oxidation-of-some-amino-acids-by-peroxodisulphate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73240.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">512</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">217</span> Solving the Overheating on the Top Floor of Energy Efficient Houses: The Envelope Improvement </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sormeh%20Sharifi">Sormeh Sharifi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wasim%20Saman"> Wasim Saman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alemu%20Alemu"> Alemu Alemu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Whaley"> David Whaley</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although various energy rating schemes and compulsory building codes are using around the world, there are increasing reports on overheating in energy efficient dwellings. Given that the cooling demand of buildings is rising globally because of the climate change, it is more likely that the overheating issue will be observed more. This paper studied the summer indoor temperature in eight air-conditioned multi-level houses in Adelaide which have complied with the Australian Nationwide Houses Energy Rating Scheme (NatHERS) minimum energy performance of 7.5 stars. Through monitored temperature, this study explores that overheating is experienced on 75.5% of top floors during cooling periods while the air-conditioners were running. This paper found that the energy efficiency regulations have significantly improved thermal comfort in low floors, but not on top floors, and the energy-efficient house is not necessarily adapted with the air temperature fluctuations particularly on top floors. Based on the results, this study suggests that the envelope of top floors for multi-level houses in South Australian context need new criteria to make the top floor more heat resistance in order to: preventing the overheating, reducing the summer pick electricity demand and providing thermal comfort. Some methods are used to improve the envelope of the eight case studies. The results demonstrate that improving roofs was the most effective part of the top floors envelope in terms of reducing the overheating. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20code" title="building code">building code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy-efficient%20building" title=" energy-efficient building"> energy-efficient building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20rating" title=" energy rating"> energy rating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overheating" title=" overheating"> overheating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20comfort" title=" thermal comfort"> thermal comfort</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88843/solving-the-overheating-on-the-top-floor-of-energy-efficient-houses-the-envelope-improvement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88843.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">220</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">216</span> Self-Determination among Individuals with Intellectual Disability: An Experiment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wasim%20Ahmad">Wasim Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bir%20Singh%20Chavan"> Bir Singh Chavan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazli%20Ahmad"> Nazli Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: The present investigation is an attempt to find out the efficacy of training the special educators on promoting self-determination among individuals with intellectual disability. Methods: The study equipped the special educators with necessary skills and knowledge to train individuals with the intellectual disability for practicing self-determination. Subjects: Special educators (N=25) were selected for training on self-determination among individuals with intellectual disability. After receiving the training, (N=50) individuals with an intellectual disability were selected and intervened by the trained special educators. Tool: Self-Determination Scale for Adults with Mild Mental Retardation (SDSAMR) developed by Keshwal and Thressiakutty (2010) has been used. It’s a reliable and valid tool used by many researchers. It has 36 items distributed in five domains namely: personal management, community participation, recreation and leisure time, choice making and problem solving. Analysis: The collected data was analyzed using the statistical techniques such as t-test, ANCOVA, and Posthoc Tuckey test. Results: The findings of the study reveal that there is a significant difference at 1% level in the pre and post tests mean scores (t-15.56) of self-determination concepts among the special educators. This indicates that the training enhanced the performance of special educators on the concept of self-determination among individuals with intellectual disability. The study also reveals that the training received on transition planning by the special educators found to be effective because they were able to practice the concept by imparting and training the individuals with intellectual disability to if determined. The results show that there was a significant difference at 1% level in the pre and post tests mean scores (t-16.61) of self-determination among individuals with intellectual disability. Conclusion: To conclude it can be said that the training has a remarkable impact on the performance of the individuals with intellectual disability on self-determination. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experiment" title="experiment">experiment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=individuals%20with%20intellectual%20disability" title=" individuals with intellectual disability"> individuals with intellectual disability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-determination" title=" self-determination"> self-determination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=special%20educators" title=" special educators"> special educators</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63906/self-determination-among-individuals-with-intellectual-disability-an-experiment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63906.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">215</span> In vitro Culture of Stem Node Segments of Maerua crassifolia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abobaker%20Abrahem%20M.%20Saad">Abobaker Abrahem M. Saad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asma%20Abudasalam"> Asma Abudasalam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The stem node segments were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. In the case of using MS+ Zeatin (1 mg/l), small shoot buds were formed directly in 70% of explants after 15 days, their length range between 0.1 to 0.3 cm after two weeks and reached 0.3 cm in length and three shoots in numbers after 4 weeks. When those small shoots were sub cultured on the same medium, they increased in length, number and reached 0.4 cm with 4 shoots, 0.4 cm with 5 shoots after six, eight and ten weeks respectively. In the case of using MS free hormones, MS+IAA (0.2mg/l) +BA (0.5mg/l), MS + kin(0.5mg/l), MS + kin (3mg/l) and MS +NAA (3mg/l) +BA (1mg/l), no sign of responses were noticed and only change in color in some cases. Different types of parenchyma cells and many layers of thick wall sclerenchyma cells were observed on MS+BA (1mg/l). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maerua" title="Maerua">Maerua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stem%20node" title=" stem node"> stem node</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shoots" title=" shoots"> shoots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buds" title=" buds"> buds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=In%20vitro" title=" In vitro"> In vitro</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59982/in-vitro-culture-of-stem-node-segments-of-maerua-crassifolia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59982.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">214</span> Impact of Board Characteristics on Financial Performance: A Study of Manufacturing Sector of Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20Bin%20Nasir">Saad Bin Nasir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The research will examine the role of corporate governance (CG) practices on firm’s financial performance. Population of this research will be manufacture sector of Pakistan. For the purposes of measurement of impact of corporate governance practices such as board size, board independence, ceo/chairman duality, will take as independent variables and for the measurement of firm’s performance return on assets and return on equity will take as dependent variables. Panel data regression model will be used to estimate the impact of CG on firm performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20governance" title="corporate governance">corporate governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=board%20size" title=" board size"> board size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=board%20independence" title=" board independence"> board independence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership" title=" leadership"> leadership</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41048/impact-of-board-characteristics-on-financial-performance-a-study-of-manufacturing-sector-of-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41048.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">523</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">213</span> Macro Corruption: A Conceptual Analysis of Its Dimensions and Forward and Backward Linkages</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Sakr%20Ashour">Ahmed Sakr Ashour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hoda%20Saad%20AboRemila"> Hoda Saad AboRemila</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An attempt was made to fill the gap in the macro analysis of corruption by suggesting a conceptual framework that differentiates four types of macro corruption: state capture, political, bureaucratic and financial/corporate. The economic consequences or forward linkages (growth, inclusiveness and sustainability of development) and macro institutional determinants constituting the backward linkages of each type were delineated. The research implications of the macro perspective and proposed framework were discussed. Implications of the findings for theory, research and reform policies addressing macro corruption issues were discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title="economic growth">economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusive%20growth" title=" inclusive growth"> inclusive growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macro%20corruption" title=" macro corruption"> macro corruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99102/macro-corruption-a-conceptual-analysis-of-its-dimensions-and-forward-and-backward-linkages" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99102.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">188</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">212</span> Surveillance Video Summarization Based on Histogram Differencing and Sum Conditional Variance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nada%20Jasim%20Habeeb">Nada Jasim Habeeb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rana%20Saad%20Mohammed"> Rana Saad Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muntaha%20Khudair%20Abbass"> Muntaha Khudair Abbass </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For more efficient and fast video summarization, this paper presents a surveillance video summarization method. The presented method works to improve video summarization technique. This method depends on temporal differencing to extract most important data from large video stream. This method uses histogram differencing and Sum Conditional Variance which is robust against to illumination variations in order to extract motion objects. The experimental results showed that the presented method gives better output compared with temporal differencing based summarization techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20differencing" title="temporal differencing">temporal differencing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=video%20summarization" title=" video summarization"> video summarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histogram%20differencing" title=" histogram differencing"> histogram differencing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sum%20conditional%20variance" title=" sum conditional variance"> sum conditional variance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54404/surveillance-video-summarization-based-on-histogram-differencing-and-sum-conditional-variance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54404.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makhdoom%20Saad%20Wasim%20Ghouri&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makhdoom%20Saad%20Wasim%20Ghouri&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makhdoom%20Saad%20Wasim%20Ghouri&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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