Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters

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</ol>  <div class="fixed-content-margin"></div> </div>  <div id="main_content" tabindex="-1" class="container-fluid hide-tabindex">   <noscript> <div class="alert alert-danger"> <h4>Please enable JavaScript for this website.</h4> <p> This website makes extensive use of JavaScript. The top menus will not function without it and most tools will also not work. </p> <p> If you do not know how to enable JavaScript in your web browser, you should be able find instructions by searching the web for "enable javascript in my browser" (or similar). </p> </div> </noscript> <h1 class="no-top-margin">Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters</h1>  <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <ul class="nav nav-tabs" role="tablist"> <li role="presentation" class="active"><a href="/sats/phys_par/" aria-controls="c_tab" role="tab">Main Table</a> <li role="presentation"><a href="/sats/phys_par/sep.html" aria-controls="s_tab" role="tab">Grouped Tables</a> </ul> </div> </div>  <div ng-app="satPhysPar" ng-controller="satPhysParCtrl"> <p class="space-above"> The following table lists currently available physical parameters for planetary satellites. Table <a href="#legend">column headings</a> are described below. </p> <div class="input-group space-below"> <span class="input-group-addon">Satellites of</span> <select id="sat_phys_par_select" class="form-control" ng-model="planet" ng-change="filterData()"> <option value="all">all planets and Pluto</option> <option value="earth">Earth</option> <option value="mars">Mars</option> <option value="jupiter">Jupiter</option> <option value="saturn">Saturn</option> <option value="uranus">Uranus</option> <option value="neptune">Neptune</option> <option value="pluto">Pluto</option> </select> </div> <div class="modal" id="MAR097" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby=""> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h3>Planetary Satellite Ephemeris: MAR097 <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" area-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </h3> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <ul> <li><b>Start:</b> 1900-01-04</li> <li><b>Stop:</b> 2100-01-04</li> <li><b>Data File:</b> <a href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/eph/satellites/bsp/mar097.bsp" download>mar097.bsp</a> </li> <li><b>Reference:</b> R. A. Jacobson, V. Lainey (2014) "Martian Satellite Orbits and Ephemerides". <i>Planet. Space Sci.</i> <b>102</b>:35-44.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal" id="JUP365" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby=""> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h3>Planetary Satellite Ephemeris: JUP365 <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" area-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </h3> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <ul> <li><b>Start:</b> 1600-01-10</li> <li><b>Stop:</b> 2200-01-10</li> <li><b>Data File:</b> <a href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/eph/satellites/bsp/jup365.bsp" download>jup365.bsp</a> </li> <li><b>Reference:</b> R. A. Jacobson (2021) "The Orbits of the Regular Jovian Satellites and the Orientation of the Pole of Jupiter". personal communication to Horizons/NAIF.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal" id="JUP344" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby=""> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h3>Planetary Satellite Ephemeris: JUP344 <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" area-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </h3> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <ul> <li><b>Start:</b> 1799-12-27</li> <li><b>Stop:</b> 2200-01-05</li> <li><b>Data File:</b> <a href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/eph/satellites/bsp/jup344.bsp" download>jup344.bsp</a> </li> <li><b>Reference:</b> M. Brozovi膰 (2021) "Outer jovians with astrometry up to Nov 2020 — JUP344". personal communication to Horizons/NAIF.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal" id="JUP346" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby=""> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h3>Planetary Satellite Ephemeris: JUP346 <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" area-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </h3> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <ul> <li><b>Start:</b> 1799-12-28</li> <li><b>Stop:</b> 2199-12-19</li> <li><b>Data File:</b> <a href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/eph/satellites/bsp/jup346.bsp" download>jup346.bsp</a> </li> <li><b>Reference:</b> M. Brozovic (2023) "Ephemerides of the 15 new jovian irregulars — JUP346". personal communication to Horizons/NAIF.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal" id="SAT441" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby=""> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h3>Planetary Satellite Ephemeris: SAT441 <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" area-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </h3> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <ul> <li><b>Start:</b> 1749-12-30</li> <li><b>Stop:</b> 2250-01-06</li> <li><b>Data File:</b> <a href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/eph/satellites/bsp/sat441l.bsp" download>sat441l.bsp</a> </li> <li><b>Reference:</b> R. A. Jacobson (2022) "The Orbits of the Main Saturnian Satellites, the Saturnian System Gravity Field, and the Orientation of Saturn's Pole". <i>AJ</i> <b>164</b>:199-217.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal" id="SAT415" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby=""> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h3>Planetary Satellite Ephemeris: SAT415 <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" area-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </h3> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <ul> <li><b>Start:</b> 1990-06-14</li> <li><b>Stop:</b> 2018-01-18</li> <li><b>Data File:</b> <a href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/eph/satellites/bsp/180927AP_RE_90165_18018.bsp" download>180927AP_RE_90165_18018.bsp</a> </li> <li><b>Reference:</b> R. A. Jacobson (2018) "Rock ephemeris file from fit to all Cassini data — SAT415". personal communication to Horizons/NAIF.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal" id="SAT454" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby=""> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h3>Planetary Satellite Ephemeris: SAT454 <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" area-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </h3> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <ul> <li><b>Start:</b> 1750-01-01</li> <li><b>Stop:</b> 2149-12-23</li> <li><b>Data File:</b> <a href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/eph/satellites/bsp/sat454.bsp" download>sat454.bsp</a> </li> <li><b>Reference:</b> R. A. Jacobson (2024) "Update of the irregular Saturnian satellite orbits with data through 2023 — SAT454". personal communication to Horizons/NAIF.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal" id="URA111" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby=""> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h3>Planetary Satellite Ephemeris: URA111 <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" area-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </h3> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <ul> <li><b>Start:</b> 1599-12-07</li> <li><b>Stop:</b> 2600-01-13</li> <li><b>Data File:</b> <a href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/eph/satellites/bsp/ura111.bsp" download>ura111.bsp</a> </li> <li><b>Reference:</b> R. A. Jacobson (2014) "The Orbits of the Uranian Satellites and Rings, the Gravity Field of the Uranian System, and the Orientation of the Pole of Uranus". <i>AJ</i> <b>148</b>:76-88.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal" id="URA115" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby=""> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h3>Planetary Satellite Ephemeris: URA115 <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" area-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </h3> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <ul> <li><b>Start:</b> 1980-01-01</li> <li><b>Stop:</b> 2060-01-01</li> <li><b>Data File:</b> <a href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/eph/satellites/bsp/ura115.bsp" download>ura115.bsp</a> </li> <li><b>Reference:</b> M. Brozovi膰, R. A. Jacobson (2019) "The Orbits of the inner satellites of Uranus: solution URA115". Interoffice Memo. 392R-19-007 (internal document).</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal" id="URA117" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby=""> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h3>Planetary Satellite Ephemeris: URA117 <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" area-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </h3> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <ul> <li><b>Start:</b> 1600-01-04</li> <li><b>Stop:</b> 2399-12-17</li> <li><b>Data File:</b> <a href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/eph/satellites/bsp/ura117.bsp" download>ura117.bsp</a> </li> <li><b>Reference:</b> Tholen Sheppard, Alexandersen M. (2024) "New Moons of Uranus and Neptune from Ultra-Deep Pencil Beam Surveys". <i>AJ</i>, pp. .</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal" id="NEP097" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby=""> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h3>Planetary Satellite Ephemeris: NEP097 <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" area-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </h3> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <ul> <li><b>Start:</b> 1800-01-01</li> <li><b>Stop:</b> 2100-01-10</li> <li><b>Data File:</b> <a href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/eph/satellites/bsp/nep097.bsp" download>nep097.bsp</a> </li> <li><b>Reference:</b> M. Brozovi膰 (2020) "Update of the inner Neptunian satellite orbits — NEP097". personal communication to Horizons/NAIF.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal" id="NEP105" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby=""> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h3>Planetary Satellite Ephemeris: NEP105 <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" area-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </h3> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <ul> <li><b>Start:</b> 1600-01-04</li> <li><b>Stop:</b> 2400-01-02</li> <li><b>Data File:</b> <a href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/eph/satellites/bsp/nep105.bsp" download>nep105.bsp</a> </li> <li><b>Reference:</b> R. A. Jacobson (2024) "Update of the orbit of the irregular Neptunian satellite Nereid with data through 2021 — NEP105". personal communication to Horizons/NAIF.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal" id="NEP104" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby=""> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h3>Planetary Satellite Ephemeris: NEP104 <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" area-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </h3> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <ul> <li><b>Start:</b> 1600-01-04</li> <li><b>Stop:</b> 2399-12-25</li> <li><b>Data File:</b> <a href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/eph/satellites/bsp/nep104.bsp" download>nep104.bsp</a> </li> <li><b>Reference:</b> Tholen Sheppard, Alexandersen M. (2024) "New Moons of Uranus and Neptune from Ultra-Deep Pencil Beam Surveys". <i>AJ</i>, pp. .</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal" id="PLU060" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby=""> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h3>Planetary Satellite Ephemeris: PLU060 <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" area-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </h3> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <ul> <li><b>Start:</b> 1800-01-02</li> <li><b>Stop:</b> 2199-12-30</li> <li><b>Data File:</b> <a href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/eph/satellites/bsp/plu060.bsp" download>plu060.bsp</a> </li> <li><b>Reference:</b> M. Brozovi膰, R. A. Jacobson (2024) "Post-New Horizons orbits and masses for the satellites of Pluto". <i>AJ</i> <b>in press</b>:00.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <table id="sat_phys_par" class="sat-phys-par table table-striped table-bordered table-hover"> <thead> <tr> <th rowspan="2" class="text-left"> <br/>Planet</th> <th rowspan="2" class="text-left"> <br/>Satellite</th> <th rowspan="2" class="text-center"> <br/>Code</th> <th class="text-center" colspan="3">GM  (km<sup>3</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>)</th> <th class="text-center" colspan="3">Mean Radius  (km)</th> <th class="text-center" colspan="3">Mean Density  (g/cm<sup>3</sup>)</th> </tr> <tr> <th class="text-center">value</th> <th class="text-center">sigma</th> <th class="text-center">ref</th> <th class="text-center">value</th> <th class="text-center">sigma</th> <th class="text-center">ref</th> <th class="text-center">value</th> <th class="text-center">sigma</th> <th class="text-center">ref</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td class="text-left">Earth</td> <td class="text-left">Moon</td> <td class="text-center">301</td> <td class="text-center"> 4902.800 <td class="text-center"> 0.001 <td class="text-center"> DE440 </td> <td class="text-center"> 1737.4 <td class="text-center"> 0.1 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 3.344 <td class="text-center"> 0.001 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Mars</td> <td class="text-left">Phobos</td> <td class="text-center">401</td> <td class="text-center"> 0.0007087 <td class="text-center"> 0.0000006 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#MAR097" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#MAR097')">MAR097</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 11.08 <td class="text-center"> 0.04 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 1.872 <td class="text-center"> 0.076 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Mars</td> <td class="text-left">Deimos</td> <td class="text-center">402</td> <td class="text-center"> 0.0000962 <td class="text-center"> 0.0000028 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#MAR097" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#MAR097')">MAR097</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 6.2 <td class="text-center"> 0.24 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 1.471 <td class="text-center"> 0.166 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Jupiter</td> <td class="text-left">Io</td> <td class="text-center">501</td> <td class="text-center"> 5959.91547 <td class="text-center"> 0.00135 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#JUP365" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#JUP365')">JUP365</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 1821.49 <td class="text-center"> 0.50 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 3.5276 <td class="text-center"> 0.0029 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Jupiter</td> <td class="text-left">Europa</td> <td class="text-center">502</td> <td class="text-center"> 3202.71210 <td class="text-center"> 0.00181 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#JUP365" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#JUP365')">JUP365</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 1560.80 <td class="text-center"> 0.30 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 3.0130 <td class="text-center"> 0.0017 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Jupiter</td> <td class="text-left">Ganymede</td> <td class="text-center">503</td> <td class="text-center"> 9887.83275 <td class="text-center"> 0.00247 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#JUP365" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#JUP365')">JUP365</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 2631.20 <td class="text-center"> 1.70 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 1.9416 <td class="text-center"> 0.0038 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Jupiter</td> <td class="text-left">Callisto</td> <td class="text-center">504</td> <td class="text-center"> 7179.28340 <td class="text-center"> 0.00324 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#JUP365" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#JUP365')">JUP365</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 2410.30 <td class="text-center"> 1.50 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 1.8340 <td class="text-center"> 0.0034 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Jupiter</td> <td class="text-left">Amalthea</td> <td class="text-center">505</td> <td class="text-center"> 0.16456 <td class="text-center"> 0.00867 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#JUP365" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#JUP365')">JUP365</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 83.50 <td class="text-center"> 3.00 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 1.0111 <td class="text-center"> 0.1213 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Jupiter</td> <td class="text-left">Thebe</td> <td class="text-center">514</td> <td class="text-center"> 0.03015 <td class="text-center"> 0.01250 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#JUP365" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#JUP365')">JUP365</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 49.30 <td class="text-center"> 4.00 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 0.9000 <td class="text-center"> 0.4327 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Jupiter</td> <td class="text-left">Adrastea</td> <td class="text-center">515</td> <td class="text-center"> 0.00014 <td class="text-center"> 0.00020 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#JUP365" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#JUP365')">JUP365</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 8.20 <td class="text-center"> 4.00 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 0.9018 <td class="text-center"> 1.8507 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Jupiter</td> <td class="text-left">Metis</td> <td class="text-center">516</td> <td class="text-center"> 0.00250 <td class="text-center"> 0.00160 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#JUP365" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#JUP365')">JUP365</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 21.50 <td class="text-center"> 4.00 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 0.9002 <td class="text-center"> 0.7642 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Jupiter</td> <td class="text-left">Himalia</td> <td class="text-center">506</td> <td class="text-center"> 0.15155 <td class="text-center"> 0.05763 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#JUP344" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#JUP344')">JUP344</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 85.00 <td class="text-center"> 10.00 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 0.8827 <td class="text-center"> 0.4580 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Saturn</td> <td class="text-left">Mimas</td> <td class="text-center">601</td> <td class="text-center"> 2.50349 <td class="text-center"> 0.00014 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#SAT441" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#SAT441')">SAT441</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 198.20 <td class="text-center"> 0.40 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 1.1501 <td class="text-center"> 0.0070 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Saturn</td> <td class="text-left">Enceladus</td> <td class="text-center">602</td> <td class="text-center"> 7.21037 <td class="text-center"> 0.00009 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#SAT441" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#SAT441')">SAT441</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 252.10 <td class="text-center"> 0.20 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 1.6097 <td class="text-center"> 0.0038 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Saturn</td> <td class="text-left">Tethys</td> <td class="text-center">603</td> <td class="text-center"> 41.21353 <td class="text-center"> 0.00031 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#SAT441" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#SAT441')">SAT441</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 531.10 <td class="text-center"> 0.60 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 0.9840 <td class="text-center"> 0.0033 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Saturn</td> <td class="text-left">Dione</td> <td class="text-center">604</td> <td class="text-center"> 73.11607 <td class="text-center"> 0.00005 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#SAT441" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#SAT441')">SAT441</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 561.40 <td class="text-center"> 0.40 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 1.4781 <td class="text-center"> 0.0032 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Saturn</td> <td class="text-left">Rhea</td> <td class="text-center">605</td> <td class="text-center"> 153.94175 <td class="text-center"> 0.00041 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#SAT441" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#SAT441')">SAT441</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 763.50 <td class="text-center"> 0.60 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 1.2372 <td class="text-center"> 0.0029 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Saturn</td> <td class="text-left">Titan</td> <td class="text-center">606</td> <td class="text-center"> 8978.13710 <td class="text-center"> 0.00025 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#SAT441" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#SAT441')">SAT441</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 2574.76 <td class="text-center"> 0.02 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 1.8814 <td class="text-center"> 0.0001 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Saturn</td> <td class="text-left">Hyperion</td> <td class="text-center">607</td> <td class="text-center"> 0.37049 <td class="text-center"> 0.00005 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#SAT441" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#SAT441')">SAT441</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 135.00 <td class="text-center"> 4.00 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 0.5386 <td class="text-center"> 0.0479 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Saturn</td> <td class="text-left">Iapetus</td> <td class="text-center">608</td> <td class="text-center"> 120.51511 <td class="text-center"> 0.00242 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#SAT441" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#SAT441')">SAT441</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 734.30 <td class="text-center"> 2.80 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 1.0887 <td class="text-center"> 0.0125 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Saturn</td> <td class="text-left">Phoebe</td> <td class="text-center">609</td> <td class="text-center"> 0.55479 <td class="text-center"> 0.00108 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#SAT441" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#SAT441')">SAT441</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 106.50 <td class="text-center"> 0.70 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 1.6428 <td class="text-center"> 0.0326 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Saturn</td> <td class="text-left">Janus</td> <td class="text-center">610</td> <td class="text-center"> 0.12662 <td class="text-center"> 0.00007 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#SAT415" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#SAT415')">SAT415</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 89.2 <td class="text-center"> 0.8 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 0.6381 <td class="text-center"> 0.0172 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Saturn</td> <td class="text-left">Epimetheus</td> <td class="text-center">611</td> <td class="text-center"> 0.03514 <td class="text-center"> 0.00002 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#SAT415" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#SAT415')">SAT415</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 58.2 <td class="text-center"> 1.2 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 0.6375 <td class="text-center"> 0.0394 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Saturn</td> <td class="text-left">Helene</td> <td class="text-center">612</td> <td class="text-center"> 0.00048 <td class="text-center"> 0.00002 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#SAT441" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#SAT441')">SAT441</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 18.00 <td class="text-center"> 0.40 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 0.2918 <td class="text-center"> 0.0217 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Saturn</td> <td class="text-left">Atlas</td> <td class="text-center">615</td> <td class="text-center"> 0.00037 <td class="text-center"> 0.00001 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#SAT415" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#SAT415')">SAT415</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 15.1 <td class="text-center"> 0.8 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 0.3850 <td class="text-center"> 0.0613 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Saturn</td> <td class="text-left">Prometheus</td> <td class="text-center">616</td> <td class="text-center"> 0.01071 <td class="text-center"> 0.00001 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#SAT415" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#SAT415')">SAT415</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 43.1 <td class="text-center"> 1.2 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 0.4784 <td class="text-center"> 0.0400 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Saturn</td> <td class="text-left">Pandora</td> <td class="text-center">617</td> <td class="text-center"> 0.00926 <td class="text-center"> 0.00002 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#SAT415" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#SAT415')">SAT415</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 40.6 <td class="text-center"> 1.5 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 0.4948 <td class="text-center"> 0.0549 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Saturn</td> <td class="text-left">Pan</td> <td class="text-center">618</td> <td class="text-center"> 0.00028 <td class="text-center"> 0.00014 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#SAT415" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#SAT415')">SAT415</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 14.0 <td class="text-center"> 1.2 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 0.3650 <td class="text-center"> 0.2052 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Uranus</td> <td class="text-left">Ariel</td> <td class="text-center">701</td> <td class="text-center"> 83.5 <td class="text-center"> 1.4 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#URA111" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#URA111')">URA111</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 578.9 <td class="text-center"> 0.6 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 1.539 <td class="text-center"> 0.026 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Uranus</td> <td class="text-left">Umbriel</td> <td class="text-center">702</td> <td class="text-center"> 85.1 <td class="text-center"> 1.9 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#URA111" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#URA111')">URA111</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 584.7 <td class="text-center"> 2.8 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 1.523 <td class="text-center"> 0.041 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Uranus</td> <td class="text-left">Titania</td> <td class="text-center">703</td> <td class="text-center"> 226.9 <td class="text-center"> 4.1 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#URA111" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#URA111')">URA111</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 788.9 <td class="text-center"> 1.8 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 1.653 <td class="text-center"> 0.032 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Uranus</td> <td class="text-left">Oberon</td> <td class="text-center">704</td> <td class="text-center"> 205.3 <td class="text-center"> 5.8 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#URA111" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#URA111')">URA111</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 761.4 <td class="text-center"> 2.6 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 1.664 <td class="text-center"> 0.050 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Uranus</td> <td class="text-left">Miranda</td> <td class="text-center">705</td> <td class="text-center"> 4.3 <td class="text-center"> 0.2 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#URA111" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#URA111')">URA111</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 235.8 <td class="text-center"> 0.7 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 1.178 <td class="text-center"> 0.053 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Neptune</td> <td class="text-left">Triton</td> <td class="text-center">801</td> <td class="text-center"> 1428.49546 <td class="text-center"> 0.61603 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#NEP097" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#NEP097')">NEP097</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 1352.60 <td class="text-center"> 2.40 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 2.0649 <td class="text-center"> 0.0110 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Neptune</td> <td class="text-left">Nereid</td> <td class="text-center">802</td> <td class="text-center"> 0.00000 <td class="text-center"> 0.00000 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#NEP101" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#NEP101')">NEP101</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 170.00 <td class="text-center"> 25.00 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> n/a <td class="text-center"> n/a <td class="text-center"> n/a </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Neptune</td> <td class="text-left">Naiad</td> <td class="text-center">803</td> <td class="text-center"> 0.00853 <td class="text-center"> 0.00480 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#NEP097" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#NEP097')">NEP097</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 29.00 <td class="text-center"> 6.00 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 1.2511 <td class="text-center"> 1.0478 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Neptune</td> <td class="text-left">Thalassa</td> <td class="text-center">804</td> <td class="text-center"> 0.02359 <td class="text-center"> 0.00522 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#NEP097" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#NEP097')">NEP097</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 40.00 <td class="text-center"> 8.00 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 1.3184 <td class="text-center"> 0.8432 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Neptune</td> <td class="text-left">Despina</td> <td class="text-center">805</td> <td class="text-center"> 0.11673 <td class="text-center"> 0.25263 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#NEP097" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#NEP097')">NEP097</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 74.00 <td class="text-center"> 10.00 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 1.0304 <td class="text-center"> 2.2689 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Neptune</td> <td class="text-left">Galatea</td> <td class="text-center">806</td> <td class="text-center"> 0.18990 <td class="text-center"> 0.76278 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#NEP097" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#NEP097')">NEP097</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 79.00 <td class="text-center"> 12.00 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 1.3777 <td class="text-center"> 5.5695 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Neptune</td> <td class="text-left">Larissa</td> <td class="text-center">807</td> <td class="text-center"> 0.25484 <td class="text-center"> 3.12230 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#NEP097" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#NEP097')">NEP097</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 96.00 <td class="text-center"> 7.00 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 1.0303 <td class="text-center"> 12.626 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Neptune</td> <td class="text-left">Proteus</td> <td class="text-center">808</td> <td class="text-center"> 2.58342 <td class="text-center"> 2.42070 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#NEP097" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#NEP097')">NEP097</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 208.00 <td class="text-center"> 8.00 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">1</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 1.0269 <td class="text-center"> 0.9695 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Pluto</td> <td class="text-left">Charon</td> <td class="text-center">901</td> <td class="text-center"> 106.1 <td class="text-center"> 0.3 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#PLU060" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#PLU060')">PLU060</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 606.0 <td class="text-center"> 0.5 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">2</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 1.853 <td class="text-center"> 0.004 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Pluto</td> <td class="text-left">Nix</td> <td class="text-center">902</td> <td class="text-center"> 0.0015 <td class="text-center"> 0.0005 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#PLU060" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#PLU060')">PLU060</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 18.0 <td class="text-center"> 1.0 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">3</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 0.88 <td class="text-center"> 0.31 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Pluto</td> <td class="text-left">Hydra</td> <td class="text-center">903</td> <td class="text-center"> 0.0020 <td class="text-center"> 0.0003 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#PLU060" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#PLU060')">PLU060</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 18.5 <td class="text-center"> 1.0 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">3</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 1.21 <td class="text-center"> 0.19 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#notes">*</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Pluto</td> <td class="text-left">Kerberos</td> <td class="text-center">904</td> <td class="text-center"> <0.0002 <td class="text-center"> n/a <td class="text-center"> <a href="#PLU060" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#PLU060')">PLU060</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 6.0 <td class="text-center"> 1.0 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">3</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> n/a <td class="text-center"> n/a <td class="text-center"> n/a </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="text-left">Pluto</td> <td class="text-left">Styx</td> <td class="text-center">905</td> <td class="text-center"> <0.0003 <td class="text-center"> n/a <td class="text-center"> <a href="#PLU060" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#PLU060')">PLU060</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> 5.2 <td class="text-center"> 1.0 <td class="text-center"> <a href="#refs">3</a> </td> <td class="text-center"> n/a <td class="text-center"> n/a <td class="text-center"> n/a </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <a id="notes" class="anchor"></a> <h4>Notes</h4> <ul> <li><code>GM</code> of the satellite is taken from the specified ephemeris. <li><code>Mean Radius</code> references are listed below.</li> <li>[ ref=<code>*</code> ] <code>Mean Density</code> is derived from the specified <code>GM</code> and <code>Mean Radius</code>.</li> </ul> <a id="mass" class="anchor"></a> <div class="panel panel-default space-above"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h3 class="panel-title">Planet and Pluto GM Values</h3> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <table class="astro-par-table"> <thead> <tr> <th>Planet</th> <th class="text-center text-nowrap">GM (km<sup>3</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>)</th> <th class="text-center">Reference</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Earth</td> <td class="text-center text-nowrap">398600.436 &pm;0.001</td> <td class="text-center"> DE440 </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mars</td> <td class="text-center text-nowrap">42828.37362 &pm;0.0008</td> <td class="text-center"> <a href="#MAR097" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#MAR097')">MAR097</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jupiter</td> <td class="text-center text-nowrap">126686531.9 &pm;0.42</td> <td class="text-center"> <a href="#JUP365" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#JUP365')">JUP365</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Saturn</td> <td class="text-center text-nowrap">37931206.23 &pm;0.24</td> <td class="text-center"> <a href="#SAT441" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#SAT441')">SAT441</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Uranus</td> <td class="text-center text-nowrap">5793951.3 &pm;4.4</td> <td class="text-center"> <a href="#URA111" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#URA111')">URA111</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Neptune</td> <td class="text-center text-nowrap">6835099.97 &pm;9.63</td> <td class="text-center"> <a href="#NEP097" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#NEP097')">NEP097</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Pluto</td> <td class="text-center text-nowrap">869.3 &pm;0.4</td> <td class="text-center"> <a href="#PLU060" ng-click="$event.preventDefault();open('#PLU060')">PLU060</a> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <a id="legend" class="anchor"></a> <div class="panel panel-default space-above"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h3 class="panel-title">Table Column Descriptions</h3> </div> <div class="panel-body horiz-scroll"> <table class="legend table-hover table-striped"> <tbody> <tr> <th class="text-nowrap">GM</th> <td>See <a href="/glossary/albedo.html">glossary definition of GM</a>.</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="text-nowrap">Mean Radius</th> <td>Radius of a sphere with the equivalent volume of the planetary satellite.</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="text-nowrap">Mean Density</th> <td>Density computed using the volume of a sphere with the specified <code>mean radius</code> and mass (derived from <code>GM</code>) of the planet.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <a id="refs" class="anchor"></a> <div class="panel panel-default space-above"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h3 class="panel-title">Mean Radius References</h3> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <ol class="sat-ephem-ref"> <li>B. A. Archinal, C. H. Acton, M. F. A鈥橦earn, et al. (2018) "Report of the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements: 2015". <i>Celest.~Mech.</i> <b>130</b>:22.</li> <li>Francis Nimmo, Orkan Umurhan, Carey M. Lisse, Carver J. Bierson, Tod R. Lauer, Marc W. Buie, Henry B. Throop, Josh A. Kammer, James H. Roberts, William B. McKinnon, Amanda M. Zangari, Jeffrey M. Moore, S. Alan Stern, Leslie A. Young, Harold A. Weaver, Cathy B. Olkin, Kim Ennico (2017) "Mean radius and shape of Pluto and Charon from New Horizons images". <i>Icarus</i> <b>287</b>:12-29.</li> <li>S. Alan Stern, William M. Grundy, William B. McKinnon, Harold A. Weaver, Leslie A. Young (2018) "The Pluto System After New Horizons". <i>Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics</i> <b>56</b>:357-392.</li> <li>R. A. Jacobson (2021) "The Orbits of the Regular Jovian Satellites and the Orientation of the Pole of Jupiter". <i>submitted to AJ</i> <b> </b>: .</li> <li>R. A. Jacobson (2021) "The Orbits of the Major Saturnian Satellites,the Trajectories of Spacecraft at Saturn, the Gravity Field of the Saturnian System, and the Orientation of Saturn's Pole". personal communication to Horizons/NAIF.</li> </ol> </div> </div> </div>  <div id="footer" class="container-fluid footer"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-5 col-xs-12"> <img class="ssd-logo" src="/images/ssd_logo.png" alt="SSD Logo" /> </div> <div class="col-sm-3 col-xs-12"> <div class="link-inv"> <a href="/sitemap.html"><i class="fa-fw fa fa-list-alt"></i> Site Map</a> </div> <div class="link-inv"> <a href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/caltechjpl-privacy-policies-and-important-notices"><i class="fa-fw fa fa-user-secret"></i> Privacy</a> </div> <div class="link-inv"> <a href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/jpl-image-use-policy"><i class="fa-fw fa fa-picture-o"></i> Image Policy</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-4 col-xs-12"> <div class=" link-inv"> <a href="/contact/"><i class="fa-fw fa fa-envelope"></i> Contact Us</a> </div> <div class="text-smaller"> <span class="footer-label text-nowrap">Site Manager:</span> <span class="text-nowrap">Ryan Park</span> </div> <div class="text-smaller2"> <span class="footer-label text-nowrap">Site Design:</span> <span class="text-nowrap">Alan B. 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