CINXE.COM
NIST Research Library | NIST
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ og: http://ogp.me/ns# rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# schema: http://schema.org/ sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# "> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://www.nist.gov/nist-research-library","20230306045924","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1678078764"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" /> <!-- End Wayback Rewrite JS Include --> <meta charset="utf-8"/><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={ajax:{deny_list:["gov-bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"37b7ccb661",applicationID:"1089704227"};;(()=>{var e,t,r={9071:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>n});var n=0,i=navigator.userAgent.match(/Firefox[\/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);i&&(n=+i[1])},6562:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P_:()=>p,Mt:()=>v,C5:()=>d,DL:()=>y,OP:()=>N,lF:()=>B,Yu:()=>A,Dg:()=>h,CX:()=>f,GE:()=>w,sU:()=>M});var n={};r.r(n),r.d(n,{agent:()=>x,match:()=>j,version:()=>O});var i=r(6797),o=r(909),a=r(8610);class s{constructor(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,a.Z)("New setting a Configurable requires an object as input");if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,a.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires a model to set its initial properties");Object.assign(this,t),Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,r]=e;const n=(0,o.q)(t);n.length&&r&&"object"==typeof r&&n.forEach((e=>{e in r&&((0,a.Z)('"'.concat(e,'" is a protected attribute and can not be changed in feature ').concat(t,". It will have no effect.")),delete r[e])})),this[t]=r}))}catch(e){(0,a.Z)("An error occured while setting a Configurable",e)}}}const c={beacon:i.ce.beacon,errorBeacon:i.ce.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},u={};function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!u[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return u[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");u[e]=new s(t,c),(0,i.Qy)(e,u[e],"info")}const l={allow_bfcache:!0,privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},ajax:{deny_list:void 0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},ssl:void 0,obfuscate:void 0,jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},metrics:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},page_action:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30},page_view_event:{enabled:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10}},g={};function p(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");if(!g[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return g[e]}function h(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");g[e]=new s(t,l),(0,i.Qy)(e,g[e],"config")}function v(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");var r=p(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}const m={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},b={};function y(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!b[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return b[e]}function w(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");b[e]=new s(t,m),(0,i.Qy)(e,b[e],"loader_config")}const A=(0,i.mF)().o;var E=r(2053),x=null,O=null;if(navigator.userAgent){var T=navigator.userAgent,S=T.match(/Version\/(\S+)\s+Safari/);S&&-1===T.indexOf("Chrome")&&-1===T.indexOf("Chromium")&&(x="Safari",O=S[1])}function j(e,t){if(!x)return!1;if(e!==x)return!1;if(!t)return!0;if(!O)return!1;for(var r=O.split("."),n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length;i++)if(n[i]!==r[i])return!1;return!0}var D=r(5526),_=r(2374);const k="NRBA_SESSION_ID";function P(){if(!_.il)return null;try{let e;return null===(e=window.sessionStorage.getItem(k))&&(e=(0,D.ky)(16),window.sessionStorage.setItem(k,e)),e}catch(e){return null}}var I=r(8226);const C=e=>({customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,offset:(0,E.yf)(),onerror:void 0,origin:""+_._A.location,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},sessionId:1==v(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")?P():null,xhrWrappable:"function"==typeof _._A.XMLHttpRequest?.prototype?.addEventListener,userAgent:n,version:I.q}),R={};function N(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!R[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return R[e]}function M(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");R[e]=new s(t,C(e)),(0,i.Qy)(e,R[e],"runtime")}function B(e){return function(e){try{const t=d(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}(e)}},8226:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{q:()=>n});const n="1226.PROD"},9557:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{w:()=>o});var n=r(8610);const i={agentIdentifier:""};class o{constructor(e){try{if("object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.Z)("shared context requires an object as input");this.sharedContext={},Object.assign(this.sharedContext,i),Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,r]=e;Object.keys(i).includes(t)&&(this.sharedContext[t]=r)}))}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occured while setting SharedContext",e)}}}},4329:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{L:()=>d,R:()=>c});var n=r(3752),i=r(7022),o=r(4045),a=r(2325);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:a.p[t]||0};u(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e){e&&(s[e]||(s[e]=new Map))}function d(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:"",t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:"feature";if(u(e),!e||!s[e].get(t))return a(t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0;const r=Array.from(s[e]);function a(t){const r=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,a=o.X.handlers;if(r.backlog&&a){var s=r.backlog[t],c=a[t];if(c){for(var u=0;s&&u<s.length;++u)f(s[u],c);(0,i.D)(c,(function(e,t){(0,i.D)(t,(function(t,r){r[0].on(e,r[1])}))}))}delete a[t],r.backlog[t]=null,r.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}r.every((e=>{let[t,r]=e;return r.staged}))&&(r.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),r.forEach((e=>{let[t]=e;a(t)})))}function f(e,t){var r=e[1];(0,i.D)(t[r],(function(t,r){var n=e[0];if(r[0]===n){var i=r[1],o=e[3],a=e[2];i.apply(o,a)}}))}},3752:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{c:()=>f,ee:()=>u});var n=r(6797),i=r(3916),o=r(7022),a=r(6562),s="nr@context";let c=(0,n.fP)();var u;function d(){}function f(e){return(0,i.X)(e,s,l)}function l(){return new d}function g(){(u.backlog.api||u.backlog.feature)&&(u.aborted=!0,u.backlog={})}c.ee?u=c.ee:(u=function e(t,r){var n={},c={},f={},p=!1;try{p=16===r.length&&(0,a.OP)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var h={on:b,addEventListener:b,removeEventListener:y,emit:m,get:A,listeners:w,context:v,buffer:E,abort:g,aborted:!1,isBuffering:x,debugId:r,backlog:p?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{}};return h;function v(e){return e&&e instanceof d?e:e?(0,i.X)(e,s,l):l()}function m(e,r,n,i,o){if(!1!==o&&(o=!0),!u.aborted||i){t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=v(n),s=w(e),d=s.length,f=0;f<d;f++)s[f].apply(a,r);var l=O()[c[e]];return l&&l.push([h,e,r,a]),a}}function b(e,t){n[e]=w(e).concat(t)}function y(e,t){var r=n[e];if(r)for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)}function w(e){return n[e]||[]}function A(t){return f[t]=f[t]||e(h,t)}function E(e,t){var r=O();h.aborted||(0,o.D)(e,(function(e,n){t=t||"feature",c[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))}function x(e){return!!O()[c[e]]}function O(){return h.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),c.ee=u)},9252:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{E:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(3752).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},4045:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{X:()=>o});var n=r(9252);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.E,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.E);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},8544:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{bP:()=>s,iz:()=>c,m$:()=>a});var n=r(2374);let i=!1,o=!1;try{const e={get passive(){return i=!0,!1},get signal(){return o=!0,!1}};n._A.addEventListener("test",null,e),n._A.removeEventListener("test",null,e)}catch(e){}function a(e,t){return i||o?{capture:!!e,passive:i,signal:t}:!!e}function s(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];window.addEventListener(e,t,a(r))}function c(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];document.addEventListener(e,t,a(r))}},5526:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ht:()=>a,M:()=>o,Rl:()=>i,ky:()=>s});var n=r(2374);function i(){var e=null,t=0,r=n._A?.crypto||n._A?.msCrypto;function i(){return e?15&e[t++]:16*Math.random()|0}r&&r.getRandomValues&&(e=r.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));for(var o,a="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx",s="",c=0;c<a.length;c++)s+="x"===(o=a[c])?i().toString(16):"y"===o?(o=3&i()|8).toString(16):o;return s}function o(){return s(16)}function a(){return s(32)}function s(e){var t=null,r=0,n=self.crypto||self.msCrypto;n&&n.getRandomValues&&Uint8Array&&(t=n.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));for(var i=[],o=0;o<e;o++)i.push(a().toString(16));return i.join("");function a(){return t?15&t[r++]:16*Math.random()|0}}},2053:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{nb:()=>c,os:()=>u,yf:()=>s,zO:()=>a});var n=r(7145),i=(new Date).getTime(),o=i;function a(){return n.G&&performance.now?Math.round(performance.now()):(i=Math.max((new Date).getTime(),i))-o}function s(){return i}function c(e){o=e}function u(){return o}},7145:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{G:()=>n});const n=void 0!==r(2374)._A?.performance?.timing?.navigationStart},6625:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{s:()=>c,v:()=>u});var n=r(8283),i=r(9071),o=r(2053),a=r(7145),s=r(2374);let c=!0;function u(e){var t=function(){if(i.I&&i.I<9)return;if(a.G)return c=!1,s._A?.performance?.timing?.navigationStart}();t&&((0,n.B)(e,"starttime",t),(0,o.nb)(t))}},8283:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{B:()=>o,L:()=>a});var n=r(2053),i={};function o(e,t,r){void 0===r&&(r=(0,n.zO)()+(0,n.os)()),i[e]=i[e]||{},i[e][t]=r}function a(e,t,r,n){const o=e.sharedContext.agentIdentifier;var a=i[o]?.[r],s=i[o]?.[n];void 0!==a&&void 0!==s&&e.store("measures",t,{value:s-a})}},9548:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>i});var n=r(2374);const i={isFileProtocol:function(){let e=Boolean("file:"===(0,n.lW)()?.location?.protocol);e&&(i.supportabilityMetricSent=!0);return e},supportabilityMetricSent:!1}},8610:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){console&&console.warn&&"function"==typeof console.warn&&(console.warn("New Relic: ".concat(e)),t&&console.warn(t))}r.d(t,{Z:()=>n})},3916:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{X:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},2374:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{_A:()=>o,il:()=>n,lW:()=>a,v6:()=>i});const n=Boolean("undefined"!=typeof window&&window.document),i=Boolean("undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator);let o=(()=>{if(n)return window;if(i){if("undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope)return globalThis;if(self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope)return self}throw new Error('New Relic browser agent shutting down due to error: Unable to locate global scope. This is possibly due to code redefining browser global variables like "self" and "window".')})();function a(){return o}},7022:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t){var r=[],i="",o=0;for(i in e)n.call(e,i)&&(r[o]=t(i,e[i]),o+=1);return r}},9226:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$c:()=>u,Ng:()=>d,RR:()=>c});var n=r(6562),i=r(9557),o=r(9548),a=r(8610),s={regex:/^file:\/\/(.*)/,replacement:"file://OBFUSCATED"};class c extends i.w{constructor(e){super(e)}shouldObfuscate(){return u(this.sharedContext.agentIdentifier).length>0}obfuscateString(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return e;for(var t=u(this.sharedContext.agentIdentifier),r=e,n=0;n<t.length;n++){var i=t[n].regex,o=t[n].replacement||"*";r=r.replace(i,o)}return r}}function u(e){var t=[],r=(0,n.Mt)(e,"obfuscate")||[];return t=t.concat(r),o.T.isFileProtocol()&&t.push(s),t}function d(e){for(var t=!1,r=!1,n=0;n<e.length;n++){"regex"in e[n]?"string"!=typeof e[n].regex&&e[n].regex.constructor!==RegExp&&((0,a.Z)('An obfuscation replacement rule contains a "regex" value with an invalid type (must be a string or RegExp)'),r=!0):((0,a.Z)('An obfuscation replacement rule was detected missing a "regex" value.'),r=!0);var i=e[n].replacement;i&&"string"!=typeof i&&((0,a.Z)('An obfuscation replacement rule contains a "replacement" value with an invalid type (must be a string)'),t=!0)}return!t&&!r}},2650:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{K:()=>a,b:()=>o});var n=r(8544);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.bP)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.iz)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},6797:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{EZ:()=>u,Qy:()=>c,ce:()=>o,fP:()=>a,gG:()=>d,mF:()=>s});var n=r(2053),i=r(2374);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return i._A.NREUM||(i._A.NREUM={}),void 0===i._A.newrelic&&(i._A.newrelic=i._A.NREUM),i._A.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:i._A.setTimeout,SI:i._A.setImmediate,CT:i._A.clearTimeout,XHR:i._A.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:i._A.Request,EV:i._A.Event,PR:i._A.Promise,MO:i._A.MutationObserver,FETCH:i._A.fetch}),e}function c(e,t,r){let i=a();const o=i.initializedAgents||{},s=o[e]||{};return Object.keys(s).length||(s.initializedAt={ms:(0,n.zO)(),date:new Date}),i.initializedAgents={...o,[e]:{...s,[r]:t}},i}function u(e,t){a()[e]=t}function d(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},6998:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{N:()=>i,e:()=>o});var n=r(8544);function i(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]&&arguments[1];return void(0,n.iz)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t){if("hidden"!=document.visibilityState)return;e()}e(document.visibilityState)}))}function o(){return"hidden"===document.visibilityState?-1:1/0}},6034:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(2325).D.metrics},600:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.r(t),r.d(t,{Instrument:()=>O,constants:()=>T});var n=r(9252),i=r(4045),o=r(6114),a=r(2374),s={REACT:"React",ANGULAR:"Angular",ANGULARJS:"AngularJS",BACKBONE:"Backbone",EMBER:"Ember",VUE:"Vue",METEOR:"Meteor",ZEPTO:"Zepto",JQUERY:"Jquery"};function c(){if(!a.il)return[];var e=[];try{(function(){try{if(window.React||window.ReactDOM||window.ReactRedux)return!0;if(document.querySelector("[data-reactroot], [data-reactid]"))return!0;for(var e=document.querySelectorAll("body > div"),t=0;t<e.length;t++)if(Object.keys(e[t]).indexOf("_reactRootContainer")>=0)return!0;return!1}catch(e){return!1}})()&&e.push(s.REACT),function(){try{return!!window.angular||(!!document.querySelector(".ng-binding, [ng-app], [data-ng-app], [ng-controller], [data-ng-controller], [ng-repeat], [data-ng-repeat]")||!!document.querySelector('script[src*="angular.js"], script[src*="angular.min.js"]'))}catch(e){return!1}}()&&e.push(s.ANGULARJS),function(){try{return!!(window.hasOwnProperty("ng")&&window.ng.hasOwnProperty("coreTokens")&&window.ng.coreTokens.hasOwnProperty("NgZone"))||!!document.querySelectorAll("[ng-version]").length}catch(e){return!1}}()&&e.push(s.ANGULAR),window.Backbone&&e.push(s.BACKBONE),window.Ember&&e.push(s.EMBER),window.Vue&&e.push(s.VUE),window.Meteor&&e.push(s.METEOR),window.Zepto&&e.push(s.ZEPTO),window.jQuery&&e.push(s.JQUERY)}catch(e){}return e}var u=r(9548),d=r(9226),f=r(8226),l=r(2650),g=r(8544),p=r(6562),h=r(8610);const v={dedicated:Boolean(a._A?.Worker),shared:Boolean(a._A?.SharedWorker),service:Boolean(a._A?.navigator?.serviceWorker)};let m,b,y;var w=r(6034);var A,E,x;class O extends o.S{constructor(e,t){var r;let n=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,w.t,n),r=this,this.singleChecks(),this.eachSessionChecks(),(0,i.X)("record-supportability",(function(){return r.recordSupportability(...arguments)}),this.featureName,this.ee),(0,i.X)("record-custom",(function(){return r.recordCustom(...arguments)}),this.featureName,this.ee),this.importAggregator()}recordSupportability(e,t){var r=["sm",e,{name:e},t];return(0,n.p)("storeMetric",r,null,this.featureName,this.ee),r}recordCustom(e,t){var r=["cm",e,{name:e},t];return(0,n.p)("storeEventMetrics",r,null,this.featureName,this.ee),r}singleChecks(){this.recordSupportability("Generic/Version/".concat(f.q,"/Detected"));const{loaderType:e}=(0,p.OP)(this.agentIdentifier);e&&this.recordSupportability("Generic/LoaderType/".concat(e,"/Detected")),a.il&&(0,l.K)((()=>{c().forEach((e=>{this.recordSupportability("Framework/"+e+"/Detected")}))})),u.T.isFileProtocol()&&(this.recordSupportability("Generic/FileProtocol/Detected"),u.T.supportabilityMetricSent=!0);const t=(0,d.$c)(this.agentIdentifier);t.length>0&&this.recordSupportability("Generic/Obfuscate/Detected"),t.length>0&&!(0,d.Ng)(t)&&this.recordSupportability("Generic/Obfuscate/Invalid"),function(e){if(!m){if(v.dedicated){m=Worker;try{a._A.Worker=r(m,"Dedicated")}catch(e){o(e,"Dedicated")}if(v.shared){b=SharedWorker;try{a._A.SharedWorker=r(b,"Shared")}catch(e){o(e,"Shared")}}else n("Shared");if(v.service){y=navigator.serviceWorker.register;try{a._A.navigator.serviceWorker.register=(t=y,function(){for(var e=arguments.length,r=new Array(e),n=0;n<e;n++)r[n]=arguments[n];return i("Service",r[1]?.type),t.apply(navigator.serviceWorker,r)})}catch(e){o(e,"Service")}}else n("Service");var t;return}n("All")}function r(e,t){return"undefined"==typeof Proxy?e:new Proxy(e,{construct:(e,r)=>(i(t,r[1]?.type),new e(...r))})}function n(t){a.v6||e("Workers/".concat(t,"/Unavailable"))}function i(t,r){e("Workers/".concat(t,"module"===r?"/Module":"/Classic"))}function o(t,r){e("Workers/".concat(r,"/SM/Unsupported")),(0,h.Z)("NR Agent: Unable to capture ".concat(r," workers."),t)}}(this.recordSupportability.bind(this))}eachSessionChecks(){a.il&&(0,g.bP)("pageshow",(e=>{e.persisted&&this.recordSupportability("Generic/BFCache/PageRestored")}))}}A=O,E="featureName",x=w.t,(E=function(e){var t=function(e,t){if("object"!=typeof e||null===e)return e;var r=e[Symbol.toPrimitive];if(void 0!==r){var n=r.call(e,t||"default");if("object"!=typeof n)return n;throw new TypeError("@@toPrimitive must return a primitive value.")}return("string"===t?String:Number)(e)}(e,"string");return"symbol"==typeof t?t:String(t)}(E))in A?Object.defineProperty(A,E,{value:x,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):A[E]=x;var T={SUPPORTABILITY_METRIC:"sm",CUSTOM_METRIC:"cm"}},2484:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(2325).D.pageViewEvent},5637:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.r(t),r.d(t,{Instrument:()=>h});var n,i,o,a=r(9252),s=r(2053),c=r(8283),u=r(6625),d=r(6114),f=r(2650),l=r(2484),g=r(2325),p=r(2374);class h extends d.S{constructor(e,t){let r=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,l.t,r),p.il&&((0,u.v)(e),(0,c.B)(e,"firstbyte",(0,s.yf)()),(0,f.K)((()=>this.measureDomContentLoaded())),(0,f.b)((()=>this.measureWindowLoaded()),!0),this.importAggregator())}measureWindowLoaded(){var e=(0,s.zO)();(0,c.B)(this.agentIdentifier,"onload",e+(0,s.os)()),(0,a.p)("timing",["load",e],void 0,g.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}measureDomContentLoaded(){(0,c.B)(this.agentIdentifier,"domContent",(0,s.zO)()+(0,s.os)())}}n=h,i="featureName",o=l.t,(i=function(e){var t=function(e,t){if("object"!=typeof e||null===e)return e;var r=e[Symbol.toPrimitive];if(void 0!==r){var n=r.call(e,t||"default");if("object"!=typeof n)return n;throw new TypeError("@@toPrimitive must return a primitive value.")}return("string"===t?String:Number)(e)}(e,"string");return"symbol"==typeof t?t:String(t)}(i))in n?Object.defineProperty(n,i,{value:o,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):n[i]=o},6382:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(2325).D.pageViewTiming},7817:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.r(t),r.d(t,{Instrument:()=>h});var n,i,o,a=r(9252),s=r(6998),c=r(8544),u=r(2053),d=r(6562),f=r(6114),l=r(6382),g=r(2325),p=r(2374);class h extends f.S{constructor(e,t){var r;let n=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];if(super(e,t,l.t,n),r=this,p.il){if(this.pageHiddenTime=(0,s.e)(),this.performanceObserver,this.lcpPerformanceObserver,this.clsPerformanceObserver,this.fiRecorded=!1,"PerformanceObserver"in window&&"function"==typeof window.PerformanceObserver){this.performanceObserver=new PerformanceObserver((function(){return r.perfObserver(...arguments)}));try{this.performanceObserver.observe({entryTypes:["paint"]})}catch(e){}this.lcpPerformanceObserver=new PerformanceObserver((function(){return r.lcpObserver(...arguments)}));try{this.lcpPerformanceObserver.observe({entryTypes:["largest-contentful-paint"]})}catch(e){}this.clsPerformanceObserver=new PerformanceObserver((function(){return r.clsObserver(...arguments)}));try{this.clsPerformanceObserver.observe({type:"layout-shift",buffered:!0})}catch(e){}}this.fiRecorded=!1;["click","keydown","mousedown","pointerdown","touchstart"].forEach((e=>{(0,c.iz)(e,(function(){return r.captureInteraction(...arguments)}))})),(0,s.N)((()=>{this.pageHiddenTime=(0,u.zO)(),(0,a.p)("docHidden",[this.pageHiddenTime],void 0,g.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}),!0),(0,c.bP)("pagehide",(()=>(0,a.p)("winPagehide",[(0,u.zO)()],void 0,g.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee))),this.importAggregator()}}perfObserver(e,t){e.getEntries().forEach((e=>{"first-paint"===e.name?(0,a.p)("timing",["fp",Math.floor(e.startTime)],void 0,g.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee):"first-contentful-paint"===e.name&&(0,a.p)("timing",["fcp",Math.floor(e.startTime)],void 0,g.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}))}lcpObserver(e,t){var r=e.getEntries();if(r.length>0){var n=r[r.length-1];if(this.pageHiddenTime<n.startTime)return;var i=[n],o=this.addConnectionAttributes({});o&&i.push(o),(0,a.p)("lcp",i,void 0,g.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}}clsObserver(e){e.getEntries().forEach((e=>{e.hadRecentInput||(0,a.p)("cls",[e],void 0,g.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}))}addConnectionAttributes(e){var t=navigator.connection||navigator.mozConnection||navigator.webkitConnection;if(t)return t.type&&(e["net-type"]=t.type),t.effectiveType&&(e["net-etype"]=t.effectiveType),t.rtt&&(e["net-rtt"]=t.rtt),t.downlink&&(e["net-dlink"]=t.downlink),e}captureInteraction(e){if(e instanceof d.Yu.EV&&!this.fiRecorded){var t=Math.round(e.timeStamp),r={type:e.type};this.addConnectionAttributes(r),t<=(0,u.zO)()?r.fid=(0,u.zO)()-t:t>(0,u.os)()&&t<=Date.now()?(t-=(0,u.os)(),r.fid=(0,u.zO)()-t):t=(0,u.zO)(),this.fiRecorded=!0,(0,a.p)("timing",["fi",t,r],void 0,g.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}}}n=h,i="featureName",o=l.t,(i=function(e){var t=function(e,t){if("object"!=typeof e||null===e)return e;var r=e[Symbol.toPrimitive];if(void 0!==r){var n=r.call(e,t||"default");if("object"!=typeof n)return n;throw new TypeError("@@toPrimitive must return a primitive value.")}return("string"===t?String:Number)(e)}(e,"string");return"symbol"==typeof t?t:String(t)}(i))in n?Object.defineProperty(n,i,{value:o,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):n[i]=o},1509:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>s});var n=r(6562),i=r(3752),o=r(2384),a=r(6797);class s{constructor(e,t,r){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.aggregator=t,this.ee=i.ee.get(e,(0,n.OP)(this.agentIdentifier).isolatedBacklog),this.featureName=r,this.blocked=!1,this.checkConfiguration()}checkConfiguration(){if(!(0,n.lF)(this.agentIdentifier)){let e={...(0,a.gG)().info?.jsAttributes};try{e={...e,...(0,n.C5)(this.agentIdentifier)?.jsAttributes}}catch(e){}(0,o.j)(this.agentIdentifier,{...(0,a.gG)(),info:{...(0,a.gG)().info,jsAttributes:e}})}}}},6114:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{S:()=>c});var n=r(4329),i=r(1509),o=r(2650),a=r(2374),s=r(8610);class c extends i.W{constructor(e,t,r){let i=!(arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3])||arguments[3];super(e,t,r),this.hasAggregator=!1,this.auto=i,this.abortHandler,i&&(0,n.R)(e,r)}importAggregator(){if(this.hasAggregator||!this.auto)return;this.hasAggregator=!0;const e=async()=>{try{const{lazyLoader:e}=await r.e(729).then(r.bind(r,8110)),{Aggregate:t}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");new t(this.agentIdentifier,this.aggregator)}catch(e){(0,s.Z)("Downloading ".concat(this.featureName," failed...")),this.abortHandler?.()}};a.v6?e():(0,o.b)((()=>e()),!0)}}},2384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>y});var n=r(8683),i=r.n(n),o=r(2325),a=r(6562),s=r(9252),c=r(7022),u=r(3752),d=r(2053),f=r(4329),l=r(2650),g=r(2374),p=r(8610);function h(e){["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError"].forEach((t=>{e[t]=function(){for(var r=arguments.length,n=new Array(r),i=0;i<r;i++)n[i]=arguments[i];return function(t){for(var r=arguments.length,n=new Array(r>1?r-1:0),i=1;i<r;i++)n[i-1]=arguments[i];Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&e.api[t](...n)}))}(t,...n)}}))}var v=r(6797);const m={stn:[o.D.sessionTrace],err:[o.D.jserrors,o.D.metrics],ins:[o.D.pageAction],spa:[o.D.spa]};const b={};function y(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{},n=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,y=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0,{init:w,info:A,loader_config:E,runtime:x={loaderType:n},exposed:O=!0}=t;const T=(0,v.gG)();let S={};return A||(w=T.init,A=T.info,E=T.loader_config,S=T),g.v6&&(A.jsAttributes={...A.jsAttributes,isWorker:!0}),(0,a.CX)(e,A),(0,a.Dg)(e,w||{}),(0,a.GE)(e,E||{}),(0,a.sU)(e,x),function(e,t,n){n||(0,f.R)(e,"api"),h(t);var v=u.ee.get(e),m=v.get("tracer"),b="api-",y=b+"ixn-";function w(){}(0,c.D)(["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease"],(function(e,r){t[r]=E(b,r,!0,"api")})),t.addPageAction=E(b,"addPageAction",!0,o.D.pageAction),t.setCurrentRouteName=E(b,"routeName",!0,o.D.spa),t.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,a.OP)(e).customTransaction=(r||"https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/http://custom.transaction")+t,E(b,"setPageViewName",!0,"api")()},t.setCustomAttribute=function(t,r){const n=(0,a.C5)(e);return(0,a.CX)(e,{...n,jsAttributes:{...n.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),E(b,"setCustomAttribute",!0,"api")()},t.interaction=function(){return(new w).get()};var A=w.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},n=this,i="function"==typeof t;return(0,s.p)(y+"tracer",[(0,d.zO)(),e,r],n,o.D.spa,v),function(){if(m.emit((i?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,d.zO)(),n,i],r),i)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){throw m.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,"string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e],r),e}finally{m.emit("fn-end",[(0,d.zO)()],r)}}}};function E(e,t,r,n){return function(){return(0,s.p)("record-supportability",["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,o.D.metrics,v),(0,s.p)(e+t,[(0,d.zO)()].concat(i()(arguments)),r?null:this,n,v),r?void 0:this}}function x(){r.e(439).then(r.bind(r,5692)).then((t=>{let{setAPI:r}=t;r(e),(0,f.L)(e,"api")})).catch((()=>(0,p.Z)("Downloading runtime APIs failed...")))}(0,c.D)("actionText,setName,setAttribute,save,ignore,onEnd,getContext,end,get".split(","),(function(e,t){A[t]=E(y,t,void 0,o.D.spa)})),t.noticeError=function(e,t){"string"==typeof e&&(e=new Error(e)),(0,s.p)("record-supportability",["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,o.D.metrics,v),(0,s.p)("err",[e,(0,d.zO)(),!1,t],void 0,o.D.jserrors,v)},g.v6?x():(0,l.b)((()=>x()),!0)}(e,S,y),(0,v.Qy)(e,T,"api"),(0,v.Qy)(e,O,"exposed"),g.v6||((0,v.EZ)("activatedFeatures",b),(0,v.EZ)("setToken",(t=>function(e,t){var r=u.ee.get(t);e&&"object"==typeof e&&((0,c.D)(e,(function(e,t){if(!t)return(m[e]||[]).forEach((t=>{(0,s.p)("block-"+e,[],void 0,t,r)}));b[e]||((0,s.p)("feat-"+e,[],void 0,m[e],r),b[e]=!0)})),(0,f.L)(t,o.D.pageViewEvent))}(t,e)))),S}},909:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Z:()=>i,q:()=>o});var n=r(2325);function i(e){switch(e){case n.D.ajax:return[n.D.jserrors];case n.D.sessionTrace:return[n.D.ajax,n.D.pageViewEvent];case n.D.pageViewTiming:return[n.D.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}function o(e){return e===n.D.jserrors?[]:["auto"]}},2325:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>n,p:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",jserrors:"jserrors",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionTrace:"session_trace",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.ajax]:5,[n.sessionTrace]:6,[n.pageAction]:7,[n.spa]:8}},8683:e=>{e.exports=function(e,t,r){t||(t=0),void 0===r&&(r=e?e.length:0);for(var n=-1,i=r-t||0,o=Array(i<0?0:i);++n<i;)o[n]=e[t+n];return o}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.n=e=>{var t=e&&e.__esModule?()=>e.default:()=>e;return i.d(t,{a:t}),t},i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>(({78:"page_action-aggregate",147:"metrics-aggregate",193:"session_trace-aggregate",225:"ajax-instrument",317:"jserrors-aggregate",348:"page_view_timing-aggregate",439:"async-api",578:"jserrors-instrument",729:"lazy-loader",757:"session_trace-instrument",786:"page_view_event-aggregate",873:"spa-aggregate",876:"spa-instrument",898:"ajax-aggregate",908:"page_action-instrument"}[e]||e)+"."+{78:"92657d87",118:"34a59fa6",147:"7dcaee1b",193:"401d5d17",225:"25fe7245",264:"bcaf68fc",317:"d078b949",348:"6b3fec7f",439:"6bb277af",578:"c8f23c89",729:"48127245",757:"98d3280d",786:"29613e65",873:"58d1fc78",876:"364406a9",898:"178bdaa3",908:"64360627"}[e]+"-1226.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var f=u[d];if(f.getAttribute("src")==r||f.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=f;break}}s||(c=!0,(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r),e[r]=[n];var l=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(g);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},g=setTimeout(l.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=l.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=l.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={831:0,744:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=window.webpackChunkNRBA=window.webpackChunkNRBA||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})();var o={};(()=>{"use strict";i.r(o);var e=i(2325),t=i(6562);const r=Object.values(e.D);function n(e){const n={};return r.forEach((r=>{n[r]=function(e,r){return!1!==(0,t.Mt)(r,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),n}var a=i(2384),s=i(909),c=i(9557),u=i(7022);class d extends c.w{constructor(e){super(e),this.aggregatedData={}}store(e,t,r,n,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,r,i);return o.metrics=function(e,t){t||(t={count:0});return t.count+=1,(0,u.D)(e,(function(e,r){t[e]=f(r,t[e])})),t}(n,o.metrics),o}merge(e,t,r,n,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,n,i);if(o.metrics){var a=o.metrics;a.count+=r.count,(0,u.D)(r,(function(e,t){if("count"!==e){var n=a[e],i=r[e];i&&!i.c?a[e]=f(i.t,n):a[e]=function(e,t){if(!t)return e;t.c||(t=l(t.t));return t.min=Math.min(e.min,t.min),t.max=Math.max(e.max,t.max),t.t+=e.t,t.sos+=e.sos,t.c+=e.c,t}(i,a[e])}}))}else o.metrics=r}storeMetric(e,t,r,n){var i=this.getBucket(e,t,r);return i.stats=f(n,i.stats),i}getBucket(e,t,r,n){this.aggregatedData[e]||(this.aggregatedData[e]={});var i=this.aggregatedData[e][t];return i||(i=this.aggregatedData[e][t]={params:r||{}},n&&(i.custom=n)),i}get(e,t){return t?this.aggregatedData[e]&&this.aggregatedData[e][t]:this.aggregatedData[e]}take(e){for(var t={},r="",n=!1,i=0;i<e.length;i++)t[r=e[i]]=g(this.aggregatedData[r]),t[r].length&&(n=!0),delete this.aggregatedData[r];return n?t:null}}function f(e,t){return null==e?function(e){e?e.c++:e={c:1};return e}(t):t?(t.c||(t=l(t.t)),t.c+=1,t.t+=e,t.sos+=e*e,e>t.max&&(t.max=e),e<t.min&&(t.min=e),t):{t:e}}function l(e){return{t:e,min:e,max:e,sos:e*e,c:1}}function g(e){return"object"!=typeof e?[]:(0,u.D)(e,p)}function p(e,t){return t}var h=i(6797),v=i(5526),m=i(8610);var b=i(5637),y=i(7817),w=i(600);new class{constructor(t){let r=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:(0,v.ky)(16);this.agentIdentifier=r,this.sharedAggregator=new d({agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier}),this.features={},this.desiredFeatures=t.features||[],this.desiredFeatures.sort(((t,r)=>e.p[t.featureName]-e.p[r.featureName])),Object.assign(this,(0,a.j)(this.agentIdentifier,t,t.loaderType||"agent")),this.start()}get config(){return{info:(0,t.C5)(this.agentIdentifier),init:(0,t.P_)(this.agentIdentifier),loader_config:(0,t.DL)(this.agentIdentifier),runtime:(0,t.OP)(this.agentIdentifier)}}start(){const e="features";try{const t=n(this.agentIdentifier);this.desiredFeatures.forEach((e=>{if(t[e.featureName]){const r=(0,s.Z)(e.featureName);r.every((e=>t[e]))||(0,m.Z)("".concat(e.featureName," is enabled but one or more dependent features has been disabled (").concat(JSON.stringify(r),"). This may cause unintended consequences or missing data...")),this.features[e.featureName]=new e(this.agentIdentifier,this.sharedAggregator)}})),(0,h.Qy)(this.agentIdentifier,this.features,e)}catch(t){(0,m.Z)("Failed to initialize all enabled instrument classes (agent aborted) -",t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,h.fP)();return delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.[e],delete this.sharedAggregator,delete r.ee?.get(this.agentIdentifier),!1}}}({features:[b.Instrument,y.Instrument,w.Instrument],loaderType:"lite"})})(),window.NRBA=o})();</script> <noscript><style>form.antibot * :not(.antibot-message) { display: none !important; }</style> </noscript><script async src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924js_/https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-66610693-3"></script> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)};gtag("js", new Date());gtag("set", "developer_id.dMDhkMT", true);gtag('set', {cookie_flags: 'SameSite=None;Secure'});gtag("config", "UA-66610693-3", {"groups":"default","anonymize_ip":true,"page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_path","link_attribution":true,"allow_ad_personalization_signals":false,"custom_map":{"dimension2":"node_title","dimension3":"node_id","dimension7":"content_type"}});gtag("config", "G-HEQ0YF2VYL", {"groups":"default","page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_location","link_attribution":true,"allow_ad_personalization_signals":false});gtag("config", "UA-33523145-1", {"groups":"default","anonymize_ip":true,"page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_path","link_attribution":true,"allow_ad_personalization_signals":false,"custom_map":{"dimension2":"node_title","dimension3":"node_id","dimension7":"content_type"}});gtag("event", "custom", {"node_title":"NIST Research Library","node_id":"412001","content_type":"Laboratory\/Organizational Unit"});</script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/nist-research-library"/> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/node/412001"/> <meta name="description" content="Welcome to the NIST Research Library and Museum (Library). The Library is responsible for creating, maintaining, and disseminating a NIST knowledge base which supports the research and administrative needs required to fulfill the scientific, engineering, and technical mission of NIST."/> <meta name="dcterms.title" content="NIST Research Library"/> <meta name="dcterms.description" content="Welcome to the NIST Research Library and Museum (Library). The Library is responsible for creating, maintaining, and disseminating a NIST knowledge base which supports the research and administrative needs required to fulfill the scientific, engineering, and technical mission of NIST."/> <meta name="dcterms.date" content="2009-07-22T14:56-04:00"/> <meta name="dcterms.type" content="text"/> <meta name="dcterms.format" content="text/html"/> <meta name="dcterms.identifier" content="https://www.nist.gov/nist-research-library"/> <meta name="dcterms.source" content="NIST"/> <meta name="dcterms.created" content="2009-07-22T14:56-04:00"/> <meta name="dcterms.modified" content="2023-01-31T14:07-05:00"/> <meta name="citation_title" content="NIST Research Library | NIST"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="NIST"/> <meta property="og:type" content="Article"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/nist-research-library"/> <meta property="og:title" content="NIST Research Library"/> <meta property="og:description" content="Welcome to the NIST Research Library and Museum (Library). The Library is responsible for creating, maintaining, and disseminating a NIST knowledge base which supports the research and administrative needs required to fulfill the scientific, engineering, and technical mission of NIST."/> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2009-07-22T14:56-04:00"/> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-01-31T14:07-05:00"/> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="QMu0ODkER3rN5hLcMLqNVf7e3bkjYsNLTuhqfH48jCA"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="NIST"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Welcome to the NIST Research Library and Museum (Library). The Library is responsible for creating, maintaining, and disseminating a NIST knowledge base which supports the research and administrative needs required to fulfill the scientific, engineering, and technical mission of NIST."/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="NIST Research Library"/> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/nist-research-library"/> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 9 (https://www.drupal.org)"/> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width"/> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/> <meta name="nist_search_modified" class="elastic" content="2023-01-31T14:07:00-05:00"/> <script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/https://schema.org", "@graph": [ { "@type": "Article", "headline": "NIST Research Library | NIST", "description": "\u003Cp\u003EWelcome to the NIST Research Library and Museum (Library). The Library is responsible for creating, maintaining, and disseminating a NIST knowledge base which supports the research and administrative needs required to fulfill the scientific, engineering, and technical mission of NIST.\u003C/p\u003E", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "representativeOfPage": "True" }, "datePublished": "2009-07-22T14:56-04:00", "dateModified": "2023-01-31T14:07-05:00" } ] }</script> <meta name="nist_search_bundle" class="elastic" content="laboratory_organizational_unit"/> <link rel="icon" href="/web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"/> <title>NIST Research Library | NIST</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/web/20230306045924cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_GoWW7n3uRaUcun4S2-erRAYRkLmHlzlCTf9N7Gw3xRI.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="/web/20230306045924cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_gD8QmGaNfUQuThtjB-S0EwEOZZNJP1QfUU1bDdLHbMU.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/web/20230306045924cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_zbjDhj-AmeVwgu9y0DlPwEfp7l-a5BpoK3MpoGmRB6o.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/web/20230306045924cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_PV0KmreUx3hVeYI6yGypf71UDz9BSQl1Z5DjiESDh-Y.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="/web/20230306045924cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_dXhP8gFSR5hd16LUS1TrwJ15l9WTOxqff1l1a5ojF4o.css"/> <script src="/web/20230306045924js_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/js/js_VDwaIMNiRtzQn-NZvj1F9loIzJ-i4yEDiruzS8Z6Ejo.js"></script> </head> <body class="node-412001"> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable" data-elastic-exclude> Skip to main content </a> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <!-- nist-index-ignore-start --> <section data-elastic-exclude class="usa-banner" aria-label="Official government website"> <div class="usa-accordion"> <header class="usa-banner__header"> <div class="usa-banner__inner"> <div class="grid-col-auto"> <img class="usa-banner__header-flag" src="/web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/us_flag_small.png" alt="U.S. flag"> </div> <div class="grid-col-fill tablet:grid-col-auto"> <p class="usa-banner__header-text">An official website of the United States government</p> <p class="usa-banner__header-action" aria-hidden="true">Here’s how you know</p> </div> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-banner__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner-default"> <span class="usa-banner__button-text">Here’s how you know</span> </button> </div> </header> <div class="usa-banner__content usa-accordion__content" id="gov-banner-default"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-lg"> <div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6"> <img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/icon-dot-gov.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="usa-media-block__body"> <p> <strong>Official websites use .gov</strong> <br/> A <strong>.gov</strong> website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. </p> </div> </div> <div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6"> <img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/icon-https.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="usa-media-block__body"> <p> <strong>Secure .gov websites use HTTPS</strong> <br/> A <strong>lock</strong> ( <span class="icon-lock"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="52" height="64" viewbox="0 0 52 64" class="usa-banner__lock-image" role="img" aria-labelledby="banner-lock-title banner-lock-description" focusable="false"> <title id="banner-lock-title">Lock</title> <desc id="banner-lock-description">A locked padlock</desc><path fill="#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M26 0c10.493 0 19 8.507 19 19v9h3a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v28a4 4 0 0 1-4 4H4a4 4 0 0 1-4-4V32a4 4 0 0 1 4-4h3v-9C7 8.507 15.507 0 26 0zm0 8c-5.979 0-10.843 4.77-10.996 10.712L15 19v9h22v-9c0-6.075-4.925-11-11-11z"/></svg> </span> ) or <strong>https://</strong> means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <!-- nist-index-ignore-end --> <div data-elastic-exclude> <!-- nist-index-ignore-start --> <div class="nist-print-header" style="display:none;"> <p class="nist-print-header__url">https://www.nist.gov/nist-research-library</p> <img class="nist-print-header__logo" width="289" height="38" src="/web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/nist_logo_sidestack.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology"/> </div> <div class="usa-overlay"></div> <header class="usa-header nist-header--www nist-header--minimal" role="banner"> <div class="usa-navbar"> <div class="usa-logo flex-fill"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" aria-label="Home"> <img src="/web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/logo.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology" width="300px" height="80px"/> </a> </div> <div class="usa-header__right grid-row flex-auto"> <div class="grid-col-fill nist-header__search-group"> <form class="usa-search usa-search--small" accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/search" id="search_form" method="get"> <div role="search"> <label class="usa-sr-only" for="search-form">Search NIST</label> <input class="usa-input" id="search-form" type="search" name="s" placeholder="Search NIST" required="" maxlength="128"> <button class="usa-button" type="submit"><img src="/web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/usa-icons-bg/search--white.svg" class="usa-search__submit-icon" alt="Search"></button> </div> </form> </div> <div class="grid-col-auto padding-left-1"> <button class="usa-menu-btn">Menu</button> </div> </div> </div> <nav aria-label="Primary navigation" class="usa-nav"> <div class="usa-nav__inner"> <button class="usa-nav__close">Close</button> <ul class="usa-nav__primary usa-accordion"> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-1"><span>Topics</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-1" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/topics" class="usa-nav__link">All Topics</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/advanced-communications" class="usa-nav__link">Advanced communications</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/artificial-intelligence" class="usa-nav__link">Artificial intelligence</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/bioscience" class="usa-nav__link">Bioscience</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/buildings-construction" class="usa-nav__link">Buildings and construction</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/chemistry" class="usa-nav__link">Chemistry</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/climate" class="usa-nav__link">Climate</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/cybersecurity" class="usa-nav__link">Cybersecurity</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/electronics" class="usa-nav__link">Electronics</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/energy" class="usa-nav__link">Energy</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/environment" class="usa-nav__link">Environment</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/fire" class="usa-nav__link">Fire</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/forensic-science" class="usa-nav__link">Forensic science</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/health" class="usa-nav__link">Health</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/information-technology" class="usa-nav__link">Information technology</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/infrastructure" class="usa-nav__link">Infrastructure</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/manufacturing" class="usa-nav__link">Manufacturing</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/materials" class="usa-nav__link">Materials</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/mathematics-statistics" class="usa-nav__link">Mathematics and statistics</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/metrology" class="usa-nav__link">Metrology</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/nanotechnology" class="usa-nav__link">Nanotechnology</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/neutron-research" class="usa-nav__link">Neutron research</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/performance-excellence" class="usa-nav__link">Performance excellence</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/physics" class="usa-nav__link">Physics</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/public-safety" class="usa-nav__link">Public safety</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/resilience" class="usa-nav__link">Resilience</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/standards" class="usa-nav__link">Standards</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/transportation" class="usa-nav__link">Transportation</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <a class="usa-nav__link" href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/publications">Publications</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-3"><span>Labs & Major Programs</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-3" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/labs-major-programs/laboratories" class="usa-nav__link">Laboratories</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/ctl" class="usa-nav__link">Communications Technology Laboratory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/el" class="usa-nav__link">Engineering Laboratory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/itl" class="usa-nav__link">Information Technology Laboratory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/mml" class="usa-nav__link">Material Measurement Laboratory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/pml" class="usa-nav__link">Physical Measurement Laboratory</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/labs-major-programs/user-facilities" class="usa-nav__link">User Facilities</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/ncnr" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Center for Neutron Research</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/cnst" class="usa-nav__link">CNST NanoFab</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/labs-major-programs/research-test-beds" class="usa-nav__link">Research Test Beds</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/projects-programs" class="usa-nav__link">Research Projects</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments" class="usa-nav__link">Tools & Instruments</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/labs-major-programs/major-programs" class="usa-nav__link">Major Programs</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/baldrige" class="usa-nav__link">Baldrige Performance Excellence Program</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/chips" class="usa-nav__link">CHIPS for America Initiative</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/mep" class="usa-nav__link">Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/oam" class="usa-nav__link">Office of Advanced Manufacturing</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/spo" class="usa-nav__link">Special Programs Office</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/tpo" class="usa-nav__link">Technology Partnerships Office</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link usa-current" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-4"><span>Services & Resources</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-4" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/standards-and-measurements" class="usa-nav__link">Standards and Measurements</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/calibrations" class="usa-nav__link">Calibration Services</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/nvlap" class="usa-nav__link">Laboratory Accreditation (NVLAP)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/nist-quality-system" class="usa-nav__link">Quality System</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/srm" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Materials (SRMs)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/standardsgov" class="usa-nav__link">Standards.gov</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-services" class="usa-nav__link">Time Services</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/pml/owm" class="usa-nav__link">Office of Weights and Measures</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/software" class="usa-nav__link">Software</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/data" class="usa-nav__link">Data</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/https://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/" class="usa-nav__link">Chemistry WebBook</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/https://nvd.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">National Vulnerability Database</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/pml/productsservices/physical-reference-data" class="usa-nav__link">Physical Reference Data</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/srd" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Data (SRD)</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/shop" class="usa-nav__link">Storefront</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/tpo" class="usa-nav__link">License & Patents</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/https://csrc.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">Computer Security Resource Center (CSRC)</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/nist-research-library" class="usa-nav__link usa-current">NIST Research Library</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-5"><span>News & Events</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-5" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news" class="usa-nav__link">News</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/events" class="usa-nav__link">Events</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/blogs" class="usa-nav__link">Blogs</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/feature-stories" class="usa-nav__link">Feature Stories</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/awards" class="usa-nav__link">Awards</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/video-gallery" class="usa-nav__link">Video Gallery</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/image-gallery" class="usa-nav__link">Image Gallery</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/director/pao/media-contacts" class="usa-nav__link">Media Contacts</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-6"><span>About NIST</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-6" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist" class="usa-nav__link">About Us</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/contact-us" class="usa-nav__link">Contact Us</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/visit" class="usa-nav__link">Visit</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/careers" class="usa-nav__link">Careers</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/director/nist-organization-structure" class="usa-nav__link">Our Organization</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/director" class="usa-nav__link">Office of the Director</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/director/nist-organization-structure/budget-planning" class="usa-nav__link">Budget & Planning</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/work-nist" class="usa-nav__link">Work with NIST</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/history" class="usa-nav__link">History</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Digital Archives</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/nist-museum" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Museum</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/nist-and-nobel" class="usa-nav__link">NIST and the Nobel</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/education" class="usa-nav__link">Educational Resources</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </header> <!-- nist-index-ignore-end --> </div> <div class="grid-container"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> <div id="block-nist-www-content" class="nist-block"> <section class="nist-page__content usa-section clearfix"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div class="nist-section-header nist-section-header--menu"> <div class="nist-section-header__main grid-container"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="nist-section-header__title tablet-lg:grid-col-4"> <h1 class="nist-page__title">NIST Research Library</h1> </div> <div class="nist-section-header__desc tablet-lg:grid-col-8"> <div class="text-with-summary"> <p>Welcome to the NIST Research Library and Museum (Library). The Library is responsible for creating, maintaining, and disseminating a NIST knowledge base which supports the research and administrative needs required to fulfill the scientific, engineering, and technical mission of NIST.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container margin-top-4"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-6"> <aside class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--sidebar-first tablet-lg:grid-col-4 desktop-lg:grid-col-3"> <div> <!-- nist-index-ignore-start --> <div data-elastic-exclude="" class="nist-block"> <nav> <ul class="usa-sidenav usa-accordion "> <li class="usa-sidenav__item usa-sidenav__item--parent"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/associate-director-management-resources/staff-offices/information-services-office" data-drupal-link-system-path="">About the NIST Rsearch Library and Museum</a> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-nist-virtual-library-1"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button> <ul id="menu-nist-virtual-library-1" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion"> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/staff/group/7536" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Staff</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/nist-research-library/mission-vision-values" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Mission, Vision, Values</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/projects-programs/org/7541" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Projects/Programs</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/nist-research-library/nist-publications" data-drupal-link-system-path="">NIST Publications</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/nist-research-library/journal-research-nist" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Journal of Research of NIST</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/http://nist.ent.sirsi.net/" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Library Catalog</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/nist-museum" data-drupal-link-system-path="">NIST Museum & History</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <!-- nist-index-ignore-end --> </div> </aside> <div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content tablet-lg:grid-col-8 desktop-lg:grid-col-9"> <div class="nist-block"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--hero paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-hero grid-row grid-gap-2"> <div class="nist-hero__item tablet:grid-col-4 "> <div class="nist-hero__item-inner"> <div class="nist-hero__image"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/http://www.nist.gov/digitalarchives"> <picture> <source srcset="/web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2018/01/24/nvl-hero-nda.webp?itok=jJm91pcc 1x, /web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/1200w_x_720h/public/images/2018/01/24/nvl-hero-nda.webp?itok=-cetJPMf 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/webp" width="600" height="360"/> <source srcset="/web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/300w_x_180h/public/images/2018/01/24/nvl-hero-nda.webp?itok=8SeB2IJL 1x, /web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2018/01/24/nvl-hero-nda.webp?itok=jJm91pcc 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/webp" width="300" height="180"/> <source srcset="/web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2018/01/24/nvl-hero-nda.png?itok=jJm91pcc 1x, /web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/1200w_x_720h/public/images/2018/01/24/nvl-hero-nda.png?itok=-cetJPMf 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/png" width="600" height="360"/> <source srcset="/web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/300w_x_180h/public/images/2018/01/24/nvl-hero-nda.png?itok=8SeB2IJL 1x, /web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2018/01/24/nvl-hero-nda.png?itok=jJm91pcc 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/png" width="300" height="180"/> <img loading="eager" src="/web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2018/01/24/nvl-hero-nda.png?itok=jJm91pcc" width="600" height="360" alt="NIST digital archives" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="nist-hero__caption"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/http://www.nist.gov/digitalarchives"> <div class="text">NIST Digital Archives</div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-hero__item tablet:grid-col-4 "> <div class="nist-hero__item-inner"> <div class="nist-hero__image"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/nist-research-library/nist-publications"> <picture> <source srcset="/web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2022/08/15/NIST%20pubs_0.webp?itok=eDtbZowV 1x, /web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/1200w_x_720h/public/images/2022/08/15/NIST%20pubs_0.webp?itok=POifSrnu 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/webp" width="600" height="360"/> <source srcset="/web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/300w_x_180h/public/images/2022/08/15/NIST%20pubs_0.webp?itok=n_Nw6Ly0 1x, /web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2022/08/15/NIST%20pubs_0.webp?itok=eDtbZowV 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/webp" width="300" height="180"/> <source srcset="/web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2022/08/15/NIST%20pubs_0.png?itok=eDtbZowV 1x, /web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/1200w_x_720h/public/images/2022/08/15/NIST%20pubs_0.png?itok=POifSrnu 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/png" width="600" height="360"/> <source srcset="/web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/300w_x_180h/public/images/2022/08/15/NIST%20pubs_0.png?itok=n_Nw6Ly0 1x, /web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2022/08/15/NIST%20pubs_0.png?itok=eDtbZowV 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/png" width="300" height="180"/> <img loading="eager" src="/web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2022/08/15/NIST%20pubs_0.png?itok=eDtbZowV" width="600" height="360" alt="NIST Publications 1988 catalog cover" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="nist-hero__caption"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/nist-research-library/nist-publications"> <div class="text">NIST Publications</div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-hero__item tablet:grid-col-4 "> <div class="nist-hero__item-inner"> <div class="nist-hero__image"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/associate-director-management-resources/staff-offices/information-services-office"> <picture> <source srcset="/web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/hero/nistlibrary.webp?itok=ZsRTsK0- 1x, /web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/1200w_x_720h/public/hero/nistlibrary.webp?itok=oXNDpKXY 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/webp" width="600" height="360"/> <source srcset="/web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/300w_x_180h/public/hero/nistlibrary.webp?itok=ckAALv5O 1x, /web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/hero/nistlibrary.webp?itok=ZsRTsK0- 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/webp" width="300" height="180"/> <source srcset="/web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/hero/nistlibrary.jpg?itok=ZsRTsK0- 1x, /web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/1200w_x_720h/public/hero/nistlibrary.jpg?itok=oXNDpKXY 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/jpeg" width="600" height="360"/> <source srcset="/web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/300w_x_180h/public/hero/nistlibrary.jpg?itok=ckAALv5O 1x, /web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/hero/nistlibrary.jpg?itok=ZsRTsK0- 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/jpeg" width="300" height="180"/> <img loading="eager" src="/web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/hero/nistlibrary.jpg?itok=ZsRTsK0-" width="600" height="360" alt="NIST Research Library" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="nist-hero__caption"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/associate-director-management-resources/staff-offices/information-services-office"> <div class="text">Learn More about the NIST Research Library and Museum</div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--content-list paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block "> <h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Projects and Programs</div> </h2> <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-hidden entity-reference"> <div class="nist-field__items"> <div class="nist-field__item"> <article role="article" about="/programs-projects/impact-metrics" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/impact-metrics" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2018/01/25/castleman_coauthor_network_with_legend.png?itok=bBLRIyh0" width="100" height="88" alt="A network of 629 papers co-authored by chemist A.W. Castleman. " loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/impact-metrics"><span>Impact Metrics</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long"> The NIST Research Library documents the impact of NIST’s scientific research with a comprehensive suite of measurement tools and analyses. These include </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="nist-field__item"> <article role="article" about="/programs-projects/publishing-services-0" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/publishing-services-0" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/02/01/f_nist-logo-research-library-museum-2c.png?itok=0z5ZbMQD" width="100" height="24" alt="Research Library Lobo" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/publishing-services-0"><span>Publishing Services</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long"> The NIST Research Library is the publisher of the NIST Technical Series reports and the Journal of Research of NIST. Librarians ensure the discoverability and </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="link-list"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/projects-programs/org/7541">View All Projects/Programs</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="nist-resource-block nist-resource-block--first tablet:grid-col"> <div class="nist-resource-block__title-bar"> <div class="nist-resource-block__title"> <div class="nist-resource-block__icon"> <img aria-hidden="true" role="img" alt="decorative icon" src="/web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/resource-icons/contacts-icon-2x.png"/> </div> <h2> <div class="string">Internal Resources</div> </h2> </div> </div> <div class="nist-resource-block__content"> <div class="nist-block"> <div class="text-long"><p>NIST Staff can find resources on our <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/https://inet.nist.gov/nvl">internal site</a> (restricted access)</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-resource-block nist-resource-block--second nist-resource-block--green tablet:grid-col"> <div class="nist-resource-block__title-bar"> <div class="nist-resource-block__title"> <div class="nist-resource-block__icon"> <img aria-hidden="true" role="img" alt="decorative icon" src="/web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/resource-icons/megaphone-icon-2x.png"/> </div> <h2> <div class="string">FAQs</div> </h2> </div> </div> <div class="nist-resource-block__content"> <div class="nist-block"> <div class="text-long"><p>Contact the Library: <span class="spamspan"><span class="u">library</span> [at] <span class="d">nist.gov</span></span> ● (301) 975-3052<br><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="609458a1-8875-4c4f-9c66-36e227db556b" href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/nist-research-library/nist-research-library-faqs" title="NIST Research Library FAQs">Is the NIST Research Library open to the public?</a><br><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="609458a1-8875-4c4f-9c66-36e227db556b" href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/nist-research-library/nist-research-library-faqs" title="NIST Research Library FAQs">Can I borrow or obtain copies of materials from the NIST Research Library?</a><br><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="609458a1-8875-4c4f-9c66-36e227db556b" href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/nist-research-library/nist-research-library-faqs" title="NIST Research Library FAQs">Do I need reprint permission to use material from a NIST publication?</a><br><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="609458a1-8875-4c4f-9c66-36e227db556b" href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/nist-research-library/nist-research-library-faqs" title="NIST Research Library FAQs">How can I identify and find NIST Publications?</a></p> <p>and <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="609458a1-8875-4c4f-9c66-36e227db556b" href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/nist-research-library/nist-research-library-faqs" title="NIST Research Library FAQs">more</a>...</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content-bottom"> <div class="nist-block nist-block--contact"> <h2 class="nist-block__title">Contacts</h2> <div class="nist-contact"> <ul class="nist-contact__items"> <li class="nist-contact__item"> <div class="nist-contact__name"> Information Desk </div> <div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/mailto:library@nist.gov">library@nist.gov</a> </div> <div> (301) 975-3052 </div> <div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div data-elastic-exclude> <!-- nist-index-ignore-start --> <footer class="nist-footer padding-bottom-4"> <div class="grid-container nist-footer__info"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <div class="nist-footer__logo"> <a href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" rel="home"> <img class="nist-footer__logo-img" src="/web/20230306045924im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/NIST-Logo-Brand-White.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology logo" width="300px" height="42px"/> </a> </div> <div class="nist-footer__contact"> <h3 class="nist-footer__contact-heading">HEADQUARTERS</h3> <address> 100 Bureau Drive<br> Gaithersburg, MD 20899<br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/tel:301-975-2000">301-975-2000</a> </address> <p> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/mailto:do-webmaster@nist.gov">Webmaster</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/contact-us">Contact Us</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/visit">Our Other Offices</a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <div class="nist-footer__social-links"> <a class="nist-social nist-social--twitter-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/https://twitter.com/NIST"> <span>Twitter</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--facebook-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/https://www.facebook.com/NIST"> <span>Facebook</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--linkedin-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/https://www.linkedin.com/company/nist"> <span>LinkedIn</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--instagram-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/https://www.instagram.com/nist/"> <span>Instagram</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--youtube-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/https://www.youtube.com/NIST"> <span>YouTube</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--giphy-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/https://giphy.com/nist"> <span>Giphy</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--rss-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/nist-rss-feeds"> <span>RSS Feed</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--envelope-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIST/subscriber/new"> <span>Mailing List</span> </a> </div> <div class="nist-footer__feedback"> How are we doing? <a class="usa-button" rel="nofollow" href="/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/form/nist-gov-feedback?destination=/nist-research-library" title="Provide feedback">Feedback</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="nist-footer__nav" role="navigation"> <ul> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/privacy-policy">Site Privacy</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/oism/accessibility">Accessibility</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/privacy">Privacy Program</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/oism/copyrights">Copyrights</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/https://www.commerce.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy">Vulnerability Disclosure</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/no-fear-act-policy">No Fear Act Policy</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/office-director/freedom-information-act">FOIA</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/environmental-policy-statement">Environmental Policy</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/summary-report-scientific-integrity">Scientific Integrity</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/https://www.nist.gov/nist-information-quality-standards">Information Quality Standards</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/https://www.commerce.gov/">Commerce.gov</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/http://www.science.gov/">Science.gov</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/http://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924/https://vote.gov/">Vote.gov</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </footer> <!-- nist-index-ignore-end --> </div> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","scriptPath":null,"pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/412001","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"back_to_top":{"back_to_top_button_trigger":100,"back_to_top_prevent_on_mobile":false,"back_to_top_prevent_in_admin":true,"back_to_top_button_type":"image","back_to_top_button_text":"Back to top"},"google_analytics":{"account":"UA-66610693-3","trackOutbound":true,"trackMailto":true,"trackTel":true,"trackDownload":true,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|bsh|c|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|dw(fx|g|gd)|dxf|eps|epub|exe|f(90)|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|m1v|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mobi|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|pl|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|rfa|rtf|rvt|sch|sea|sit|swf|tar|tgz|tif|txt|txz|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|wrl|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|xsd|z|zip","trackDomainMode":1},"nist_search":{"clickTracking":"search-report-click","isDebug":false,"clickTrackEnabled":true,"message":"NIST Search in debug mode. Check the browsers network inspector for Click Track reporting results..."},"data":{"extlink":{"extTarget":false,"extTargetNoOverride":false,"extNofollow":false,"extNoreferrer":false,"extFollowNoOverride":false,"extClass":"ext","extLabel":"(link is external)","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":true,"extExclude":"\\.gov\\\/|\\.mil\\\/|\\manufacturingusa\\.com\\\/","extInclude":"","extCssExclude":"","extCssExplicit":"","extAlert":true,"extAlertText":"Thank you for visiting NIST. We hope your visit was informative. We have provided a link to this site because it has information that may be of interest to our users. NIST does not necessarily endorse the views expressed or the facts presented on this site. Further, NIST does not endorse any commercial products that may be advertised or available on this site. Click OK to be directed to your link.","mailtoClass":"0","mailtoLabel":"(link sends email)","extUseFontAwesome":false,"extIconPlacement":"append","extFaLinkClasses":"fa fa-external-link","extFaMailtoClasses":"fa fa-envelope-o","whitelistedDomains":[]}},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"582eea317b4636ab5a0dffc8c6a006df3d6901ea5610498a0bbefc925ea1da0f"}}</script> <script src="/web/20230306045924js_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/js/js_AOg417qepduGFvXDI_SP863Nh3qVCuiSeO8_GAxUYnk.js"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045924js_/https://siteimproveanalytics.com/js/siteanalyze_6017546.js" async></script> <script src="/web/20230306045924js_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/js/js_fW_HPIBhPKScudp0ncbqzC9XffJ7ZsR1WI61FhqmFqg.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"gov-bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"37b7ccb661","applicationID":"1089704227","transactionName":"YFxUN0sADEdYVkBaClkWdwBNCA1aFkVVVABoWlcAUQQ=","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":37,"atts":"TBtXQQMaH0k=","errorBeacon":"gov-bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html> <!-- FILE ARCHIVED ON 04:59:24 Mar 06, 2023 AND RETRIEVED FROM THE INTERNET ARCHIVE ON 11:06:37 Dec 03, 2024. JAVASCRIPT APPENDED BY WAYBACK MACHINE, COPYRIGHT INTERNET ARCHIVE. ALL OTHER CONTENT MAY ALSO BE PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT (17 U.S.C. SECTION 108(a)(3)). --> <!-- playback timings (ms): captures_list: 0.718 exclusion.robots: 0.034 exclusion.robots.policy: 0.02 esindex: 0.013 cdx.remote: 9.455 LoadShardBlock: 210.414 (3) PetaboxLoader3.datanode: 126.143 (4) PetaboxLoader3.resolve: 202.931 (2) load_resource: 190.568 -->