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diffraction</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: X-ray diffraction"> <meta name="keywords" content="X-ray diffraction"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="X-ray diffraction"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1332</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: X-ray diffraction</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1332</span> X-Ray Dynamical Diffraction 'Third Order Nonlinear Renninger Effect'</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minas%20Balyan">Minas Balyan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays X-ray nonlinear diffraction and nonlinear effects are investigated due to the presence of the third generation synchrotron sources and XFELs. X-ray third order nonlinear dynamical diffraction is considered as well. Using the nonlinear model of the usual visible light optics the third-order nonlinear Takagi’s equations for monochromatic waves and the third-order nonlinear time-dependent dynamical diffraction equations for X-ray pulses are obtained by the author in previous papers. The obtained equations show, that even if the Fourier-coefficients of the linear and the third order nonlinear susceptibilities are zero (forbidden reflection), the dynamical diffraction in the nonlinear case is related to the presence in the nonlinear equations the terms proportional to the zero order and the second order nonzero Fourier coefficients of the third order nonlinear susceptibility. Thus, in the third order nonlinear Bragg diffraction case a nonlinear analogue of the well-known Renninger effect takes place. In this work, the 'third order nonlinear Renninger effect' is considered theoretically. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bragg%20diffraction" title="Bragg diffraction">Bragg diffraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20Takagi%E2%80%99s%20equations" title=" nonlinear Takagi’s equations"> nonlinear Takagi’s equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20Renninger%20effect" title=" nonlinear Renninger effect"> nonlinear Renninger effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=third%20order%20nonlinearity" title=" third order nonlinearity"> third order nonlinearity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55035/x-ray-dynamical-diffraction-third-order-nonlinear-renninger-effect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55035.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1331</span> Texture Observation of Bending by XRD and EBSD Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takashi%20Sakai">Takashi Sakai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuri%20Shimomura"> Yuri Shimomura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The crystal orientation is a factor that affects the microscopic material properties. Crystal orientation determines the anisotropy of the polycrystalline material. And it is closely related to the mechanical properties of the material. In this paper, for pure copper polycrystalline material, two different methods; X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD); and the crystal orientation were analyzed. In the latter method, it is possible that the X-ray beam diameter is thicker as compared to the former, to measure the crystal orientation macroscopically relatively. By measurement of the above, we investigated the change in crystal orientation and internal tissues of pure copper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending" title="bending">bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20backscatter%20diffraction" title=" electron backscatter diffraction"> electron backscatter diffraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-ray%20diffraction" title=" X-ray diffraction"> X-ray diffraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IPF%20map" title=" IPF map"> IPF map</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orientation%20distribution%20function" title=" orientation distribution function"> orientation distribution function</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74539/texture-observation-of-bending-by-xrd-and-ebsd-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74539.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1330</span> Flat-Top Apodization of Laser Beams by Means of Acousto-Optics </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergey%20I.%20Chizhikov">Sergey I. Chizhikov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladimir%20Y.%20Molchanov"> Vladimir Y. Molchanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Konstantin%20B.%20Yushkov"> Konstantin B. Yushkov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We demonstrate a method for adaptive spatial shaping of laser beams by means of acousto-optic Bragg diffraction. Transformation of the angular spectrum during Bragg diffraction is used to convert Gaussian intensity distribution into a flat-top one. Theoretical model is supported by the experiment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acousto-optics" title="acousto-optics">acousto-optics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flat%20top" title=" flat top"> flat top</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beam%20shaping" title=" beam shaping"> beam shaping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bragg%20diffraction" title=" Bragg diffraction"> Bragg diffraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19123/flat-top-apodization-of-laser-beams-by-means-of-acousto-optics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19123.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">626</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1329</span> X-Ray Diffraction and Mӧssbauer Studies of Nanostructured Ni45Al45Fe10 Powders Elaborated by Mechanical Alloying</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Ammouchi">N. Ammouchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We have studied the effect of milling time on the structural and hyperfine properties of Ni45Al45Fe10 compound elaborated by mechanical alloying. The elaboration was performed by using the planetary ball mill at different milling times. The as milled powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Mӧssbauer spectroscopy. From XRD diffraction spectra, we show that the β NiAl(Fe) was completely formed after 24 h of milling time. When the milling time increases, the lattice parameter increases, whereas the grain size decreases to a few nanometres and the mean level of microstrains increases. The analysis of Mӧssbauer spectra indicates that, in addition to a ferromagnetic phase, α-Fe, a paramagnetic disordered phase Ni Al (Fe) solid solution is observed after 2h and only this phase is present after 12h. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NiAlFe" title="NiAlFe">NiAlFe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanostructured%20powders" title=" nanostructured powders"> nanostructured powders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-ray%20diffraction" title=" X-ray diffraction"> X-ray diffraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M%D3%A7ssbauer%20spectroscopy" title=" Mӧssbauer spectroscopy"> Mӧssbauer spectroscopy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17005/x-ray-diffraction-and-mssbauer-studies-of-nanostructured-ni45al45fe10-powders-elaborated-by-mechanical-alloying" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17005.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1328</span> X-Ray Dynamical Diffraction Rocking Curves in Case of Third Order Nonlinear Renninger Effect</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minas%20Balyan">Minas Balyan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the third-order nonlinear Takagi’s equations for monochromatic waves and in the third-order nonlinear time-dependent dynamical diffraction equations for X-ray pulses for forbidden reflections the Fourier-coefficients of the linear and the third order nonlinear susceptibilities are zero. The dynamical diffraction in the nonlinear case is related to the presence in the nonlinear equations the terms proportional to the zero order and the second order nonzero Fourier coefficients of the third order nonlinear susceptibility. Thus in the third order nonlinear Bragg diffraction case a nonlinear analogue of the well known Renninger effect takes place. In this work, the ‘third order nonlinear Renninger effect’ is considered theoretically and numerically. If the reflection exactly is forbidden the diffracted wave’s amplitude is zero both in Laue and Bragg cases since the boundary conditions and dynamical diffraction equations are compatible with zero solution. But in real crystals due to some percent of dislocations and other localized defects, the atoms are displaced with respect to their equilibrium positions. Thus in real crystals susceptibilities of forbidden reflection are by some order small than for usual not forbidden reflections but are not exactly equal to zero. The numerical calculations for susceptibilities two order less than for not forbidden reflection show that in Bragg geometry case the nonlinear reflection curve’s behavior is the same as for not forbidden reflection, but for forbidden reflection the rocking curves’ width, center and boundaries are two order sensitive on the input intensity value. This gives an opportunity to investigate third order nonlinear X-ray dynamical diffraction for not intense beams – 0.001 in the units of critical intensity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=third%20order%20nonlinearity" title="third order nonlinearity">third order nonlinearity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bragg%20diffraction" title=" Bragg diffraction"> Bragg diffraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20Renninger%20effect" title=" nonlinear Renninger effect"> nonlinear Renninger effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rocking%20curves" title=" rocking curves"> rocking curves</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56984/x-ray-dynamical-diffraction-rocking-curves-in-case-of-third-order-nonlinear-renninger-effect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56984.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1327</span> Production of Amorphous Boron Powder via Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meltem%20Bolluk">Meltem Bolluk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismail%20Duman"> Ismail Duman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Boron exhibits the properties of high melting temperature (2273K to 2573 K), high hardness (Mohs: 9,5), low density (2,340 g/cm3), high chemical resistance, high strength, and semiconductivity (band gap:1,6-2,1 eV). These superior properties enable to use it in several high-tech areas from electronics to nuclear industry and especially in high temperature metallurgy. Amorphous boron and crystalline boron have different application areas. Amorphous boron powder (directly amorphous and/or α-rhombohedral) is preferred in rocket firing, airbag inflating and in fabrication of superconducting MgB2 wires. The conventional ways to produce elemental boron with a purity of 85 pct to 95 prc are metallothermic reduction, fused salt electrolysis and mechanochemical synthesis; but the only way to produce high-purity boron powders is Chemical Vapour Deposition (Hot Surface CVD). In this study; amorphous boron powders with a minimum purity of 99,9 prc were synthesized in quartz tubes using BCl3-H2 gas mixture by CVD. Process conditions based on temperature and gas flow rate were determined. Thermodynamical interpretation of BCl3-H2 system for different temperatures and molar rates were performed using Fact Sage software. The characterization of powders was examined by using Xray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Stereo Microscope (SM), Helium gas pycnometer analysis. The purities of final products were determined by titration after lime fusion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amorphous%20boron" title="amorphous boron">amorphous boron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CVD" title=" CVD"> CVD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=powder%20production" title=" powder production"> powder production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=powder%20characterization" title=" powder characterization"> powder characterization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57325/production-of-amorphous-boron-powder-via-chemical-vapor-deposition-cvd" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57325.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">217</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1326</span> Synthesis and Characterisation of Bi-Substituted Magnetite Nanoparticles by Mechanochemical Processing (MCP)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morteza%20Mohri%20Esfahani">Morteza Mohri Esfahani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20S.%20H.%20Rozatian"> Amir S. H. Rozatian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morteza%20Mozaffari"> Morteza Mozaffari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Single phase magnetite nanoparticles and Bi-substituted ones were prepared by mechanochemical processing (MCP). The effects of Bi-substitution on the structural and magnetic properties of the nanoparticles were studied by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and magnetometry techniques, respectively. The XRD results showed that all samples have spinel phase and by increasing Bi content, the main diffraction peaks were shifted to higher angles, which means the lattice parameter decreases from 0.843 to 0.838 nm and then increases to 0.841 nm. Also, the results revealed that increasing Bi content lead to a decrease in saturation magnetization (Ms) from 74.9 to 48.8 emu/g and an increase in coercivity (Hc) from 96.8 to 137.1 Oe. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bi-substituted%20magnetite%20nanoparticles" title="bi-substituted magnetite nanoparticles">bi-substituted magnetite nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanochemical%20processing" title=" mechanochemical processing"> mechanochemical processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-ray%20diffraction" title=" X-ray diffraction"> X-ray diffraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetism" title=" magnetism"> magnetism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28462/synthesis-and-characterisation-of-bi-substituted-magnetite-nanoparticles-by-mechanochemical-processing-mcp" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28462.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">535</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1325</span> The Role of Deformation Strain and Annealing Temperature on Grain Boundary Engineering and Texture Evolution of Haynes 230</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Sanayei">Mohsen Sanayei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jerzy%20Szpunar"> Jerzy Szpunar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study investigates the effects of deformation strain and annealing temperature on the formation of twin boundaries, deformation and recrystallization texture evolution and grain boundary networks and connectivity. The resulting microstructures were characterized using Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) both immediately following small amount of deformation and after short time annealing at high temperature to correlate the micro and macro texture evolution of these alloys. Furthermore, this study showed that the process of grain boundary engineering, consisting cycles of deformation and annealing, is found to substantially reduce the mass and size of random boundaries and increase the proportion of low Coincidence Site Lattice (CSL) grain boundaries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coincidence%20site%20lattice" title="coincidence site lattice">coincidence site lattice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grain%20boundary%20engineering" title=" grain boundary engineering"> grain boundary engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20backscatter%20diffraction" title=" electron backscatter diffraction"> electron backscatter diffraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=texture" title=" texture"> texture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=x-ray%20diffraction" title=" x-ray diffraction"> x-ray diffraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70079/the-role-of-deformation-strain-and-annealing-temperature-on-grain-boundary-engineering-and-texture-evolution-of-haynes-230" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70079.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1324</span> Magnetic Structure and Transitions in 45% Mn Substituted HoFeO₃: A Neutron Diffraction Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karthika%20Chandran">Karthika Chandran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pulkit%20Prakash"> Pulkit Prakash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amitabh%20Das"> Amitabh Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Santhosh%20P.%20N."> Santhosh P. N.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rare earth orthoferrites (RFeO₃) exhibit interesting and useful magnetic properties like multiferroicity, magnetodielectric coupling, spin reorientation (SR) and exchange bias. B site doped RFeO₃ are attracting attention due to the complex and tuneable magnetic transitions. In this work, 45% Mn-doped HoFeO₃ polycrystalline sample (HoFe₀.₅₅Mn₀.₄₅O₃) was synthesized by a solid-state reaction method. The magnetic structure and transitions were studied by magnetization measurements and neutron powder diffraction methods. The neutron diffraction patterns were taken at 13 different temperatures from 7°K to 300°K (7°K and 25°K to 300°K in 25°K intervals). The Rietveld refinement was carried out by using a FULLPROF suite. The magnetic space groups and the irreducible representations were obtained by SARAh module. The room temperature neutron diffraction refinement results indicate that the sample crystallizes in an orthorhombic perovskite structure with Pnma space group with lattice parameters a = 5.6626(3) Ǻ, b = 7.5241(3) Ǻ and c = 5.2704(2) Ǻ. The temperature dependent magnetization (M-T) studies indicate the presence of two magnetic transitions in the system ( TN Fe/Mn~330°K and TSR Fe/Mn ~290°K). The inverse susceptibility vs. temperature curve shows a linear behavior above 330°K. The Curie-Weiss fit in this region gives negative Curie constant (-34.9°K) indicating the antiferromagnetic nature of the transition. The neutron diffraction refinement results indicate the presence of mixed magnetic phases Γ₄(AₓFᵧG <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutron%20powder%20diffraction" title="neutron powder diffraction">neutron powder diffraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rare%20earth%20orthoferrites" title=" rare earth orthoferrites"> rare earth orthoferrites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rietveld%20analysis" title=" Rietveld analysis"> Rietveld analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spin%20reorientation" title=" spin reorientation"> spin reorientation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105883/magnetic-structure-and-transitions-in-45-mn-substituted-hofeo3-a-neutron-diffraction-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105883.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1323</span> Preparation of Chemically Activated Carbon from Waste Tire Char for Lead Ions Adsorption and Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucky%20Malise">Lucky Malise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hilary%20Rutto"> Hilary Rutto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tumisang%20Seodigeng"> Tumisang Seodigeng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of tires in automobiles is very important in the automobile industry. However, there is a serious environmental problem concerning the disposal of these rubber tires once they become worn out. The main aim of this study was to prepare activated carbon from waste tire pyrolysis char by impregnating KOH on pyrolytic char. Adsorption studies on lead onto chemically activated carbon was carried out using response surface methodology. The effect of process parameters such as temperature (°C), adsorbent dosage (g/1000ml), pH, contact time (minutes) and initial lead concentration (mg/l) on the adsorption capacity were investigated. It was found that the adsorption capacity increases with an increase in contact time, pH, temperature and decreases with an increase in lead concentration. Optimization of the process variables was done using a numerical optimization method. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FTIR) analysis, XRay diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscope was used to characterize the pyrolytic carbon char before and after activation. The optimum points 1g/ 100 ml for adsorbent dosage, 7 for pH value of the solution, 115.2 min for contact time, 100 mg/l for initial metal concentration, and 25°C for temperature were obtained to achieve the highest adsorption capacity of 93.176 mg/g with a desirability of 0.994. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FTIR) analysis and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) show the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of the activated carbon produced and that the weight loss taking place during the activation step is small. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20tire%20pyrolysis%20char" title="waste tire pyrolysis char">waste tire pyrolysis char</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20activation" title=" chemical activation"> chemical activation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20composite%20design%20%28CCD%29" title=" central composite design (CCD)"> central composite design (CCD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption%20capacity" title=" adsorption capacity"> adsorption capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20optimization" title=" numerical optimization"> numerical optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78877/preparation-of-chemically-activated-carbon-from-waste-tire-char-for-lead-ions-adsorption-and-optimization-using-response-surface-methodology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78877.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1322</span> Preparation and Structural Analysis of Nano-Ciprofloxacin by Fourier Transform X-Ray Diffraction, Infra-Red Spectroscopy, and Semi Electron Microscope (SEM)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahriar%20Ghammamy">Shahriar Ghammamy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehrnoosh%20Saboony"> Mehrnoosh Saboony</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: To evaluate the spectral specification (IR-XRD and SEM) of nano-ciprofloxacin that prepared by up-down method (satellite mill). Methods: the ciprofloxacin was minimized to nano-scale with satellite mill and its characterization evaluated by Infrared spectroscopy, XRD diffraction and semi electron microscope (SEM). Expectation enhances the antibacterial property of nano-ciprofloxacin in comparison to ciprofloxacin. IR spectrum of nano-ciprofloxacin compared with spectrum of ciprofloxacin, and both of them were almost agreement with a difference: the peaks in spectrum of nano-ciprofloxacin were sharper than peaks in spectrum of ciprofloxacin. X-Ray powder diffraction analysis of nano-ciprofloxacin shows the diameter of particles equal to 90.9nm. (on the basis of Scherer Equation). SEM image shows the global shape for nano-ciprofloxacin. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotic" title="antibiotic">antibiotic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ciprofloxacin" title=" ciprofloxacin"> ciprofloxacin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano" title=" nano"> nano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IR" title=" IR"> IR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRD" title=" XRD"> XRD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEM" title=" SEM"> SEM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16676/preparation-and-structural-analysis-of-nano-ciprofloxacin-by-fourier-transform-x-ray-diffraction-infra-red-spectroscopy-and-semi-electron-microscope-sem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16676.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">514</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1321</span> Preparation and Structural Analysis of Nano Ciprofloxacin by Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction and Semi Electron Microscope (SEM)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahriar%20Ghammamy">Shahriar Ghammamy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehrnoosh%20Saboony"> Mehrnoosh Saboony</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: to evaluate the spectral specification(IR-XRD and SEM) of nano ciprofloxacin that prepared by up-down method (satellite mill). Methods: the ciprofloxacin was minimized to nano-scale with satellite mill and it,s characterization evaluated by Infrared spectroscopy, XRD diffraction and semi electron microscope (SEM). Expectation: to enhance the antibacterial property of nano ciprofloxacin in comparison to ciprofloxacin.IR spectrum of nano ciprofloxacin compared with spectrum of ciprofloxacin, and both of them were almost agreement with a difference: the peaks in spectrum of nano ciprofloxacin was sharper than peaks in spectrum of ciprofloxacin. X-Ray powder diffraction analysis of nano ciprofloxacin showes the diameter of particles equal to 90.9 nm (on the basis of scherrer equation). SEM image showes the global shape for nano ciprofloxacin. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotic" title="antibiotic">antibiotic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ciprofloxacin" title=" ciprofloxacin"> ciprofloxacin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano" title=" nano"> nano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IR" title=" IR"> IR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRD" title=" XRD"> XRD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEM" title=" SEM"> SEM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16667/preparation-and-structural-analysis-of-nano-ciprofloxacin-by-fourier-transform-infra-red-spectroscopy-x-ray-diffraction-and-semi-electron-microscope-sem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16667.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1320</span> X-Ray Diffraction Technique as a Means for Degradation Assessment of Welded Joints </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaroslav%20Fiala">Jaroslav Fiala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaroslav%20Kaiser"> Jaroslav Kaiser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavel%20Zlabek"> Pavel Zlabek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vaclav%20Mentl"> Vaclav Mentl</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The X-ray diffraction technique was recognized as a useful tool for the assessment of material degradation degree after a long-time service. In many industrial applications materials are subjected to degradation of mechanical properties as a result of real service conditions. The assessment of the remnant lifetime of components and structures is commonly based on correlated procedures including numerous destructive, non-destructive and mathematical techniques that should guarantee reasonable precise assessment of the current damage extent of materials in question and the remnant lifetime assessment. This paper summarizes results of an experimental programme concentrated on mechanical properties degradation of welded components. Steel an Al-alloy test specimens of base metal, containing welds and simple weldments were fatigue loaded at room temperature to obtain Woehler S-N curve. X-ray diffraction technique was applied to assess the degradation degree of material as a result of cyclic loading. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue%20loading" title="fatigue loading">fatigue loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material%20degradation" title=" material degradation"> material degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steels" title=" steels"> steels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AL-alloys" title=" AL-alloys"> AL-alloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-ray%20diffraction" title=" X-ray diffraction "> X-ray diffraction </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25238/x-ray-diffraction-technique-as-a-means-for-degradation-assessment-of-welded-joints" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25238.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">439</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1319</span> Deformation Mechanisms of Mg-Based Composite Studied by Neutron Diffraction and Acoustic Emission</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Farkas">G. Farkas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Mathis"> K. Mathis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Pilch"> J. Pilch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Minarik"> P. Minarik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Deformation mechanisms in an Mg-Al-Ca alloy reinforced with short alumina fibres were studied by acoustic emission and in-situ neutron diffraction method. The fibres plane orientation with respect to the loading axis was found to be a key parameter, which influences the acting deformation processes, such as twinning or dislocation slip. In-situ neutron diffraction tests were measured at different temperatures from room temperature (RT) to 200°C. The measurement shows the lattice strain changes in the matrix and also in the reinforcement phase depending on macroscopic compressive deformation and stress. In case of parallel fibre plane orientation, the increment of compressive lattice strain is lower in the matrix and higher in the fibres in comparison to perpendicular fibre orientation. Furthermore, acoustic emission results indicate a larger twinning activity and more frequent fibre cracking in sample with perpendicular fibre plane orientation. Both types of mechanisms are more dominant at elevated temperatures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutron%20diffraction" title="neutron diffraction">neutron diffraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20emission" title=" acoustic emission"> acoustic emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnesium%20based%20composite" title=" magnesium based composite"> magnesium based composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deformation%20mechanisms" title=" deformation mechanisms "> deformation mechanisms </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99176/deformation-mechanisms-of-mg-based-composite-studied-by-neutron-diffraction-and-acoustic-emission" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99176.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1318</span> Basic Evaluation for Polyetherimide Membrane Using Spectroscopy Techniques </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanan%20Alenezi">Hanan Alenezi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Membrane performance depends on the kind of solvent used in preparation. A membrane made by Polyetherimide (PEI) was evaluated for gas separation using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The purity and the thickness are detected to evaluate the membrane in order to optimize PEI membrane preparation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Energy%20Dispersive%20X-Ray%20Spectroscopy%20%28EDS%29" title="Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS)">Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Membrane" title=" Membrane"> Membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Polyetherimide%20PEI" title=" Polyetherimide PEI"> Polyetherimide PEI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Scanning%20electron%20microscope%20%28SEM%29" title=" Scanning electron microscope (SEM)"> Scanning electron microscope (SEM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solvent" title=" Solvent"> Solvent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-Ray%20Diffraction%20%28XRD%29" title=" X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)"> X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120499/basic-evaluation-for-polyetherimide-membrane-using-spectroscopy-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120499.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1317</span> Development of a Direct Immunoassay for Human Ferritin Using Diffraction-Based Sensing Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joel%20Ballesteros">Joel Ballesteros</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harriet%20Jane%20Caleja"> Harriet Jane Caleja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Florian%20Del%20Mundo"> Florian Del Mundo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cherrie%20Pascual"> Cherrie Pascual</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Diffraction-based sensing was utilized in the quantification of human ferritin in blood serum to provide an alternative to label-based immunoassays currently used in clinical diagnostics and researches. The diffraction intensity was measured by the diffractive optics technology or dotLab™ system. Two methods were evaluated in this study: direct immunoassay and direct sandwich immunoassay. In the direct immunoassay, human ferritin was captured by human ferritin antibodies immobilized on an avidin-coated sensor while the direct sandwich immunoassay had an additional step for the binding of a detector human ferritin antibody on the analyte complex. Both methods were repeatable with coefficient of variation values below 15%. The direct sandwich immunoassay had a linear response from 10 to 500 ng/mL which is wider than the 100-500 ng/mL of the direct immunoassay. The direct sandwich immunoassay also has a higher calibration sensitivity with value 0.002 Diffractive Intensity (ng mL-1)-1) compared to the 0.004 Diffractive Intensity (ng mL-1)-1 of the direct immunoassay. The limit of detection and limit of quantification values of the direct immunoassay were found to be 29 ng/mL and 98 ng/mL, respectively, while the direct sandwich immunoassay has a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.5 ng/mL and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 8.2 ng/mL. In terms of accuracy, the direct immunoassay had a percent recovery of 88.8-93.0% in PBS while the direct sandwich immunoassay had 94.1 to 97.2%. Based on the results, the direct sandwich immunoassay is a better diffraction-based immunoassay in terms of accuracy, LOD, LOQ, linear range, and sensitivity. The direct sandwich immunoassay was utilized in the determination of human ferritin in blood serum and the results are validated by Chemiluminescent Magnetic Immunoassay (CMIA). The calculated Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.995 and the p-values of the paired-sample t-test were less than 0.5 which show that the results of the direct sandwich immunoassay was comparable to that of CMIA and could be utilized as an alternative analytical method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosensor" title="biosensor">biosensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffraction" title=" diffraction"> diffraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferritin" title=" ferritin"> ferritin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunoassay" title=" immunoassay"> immunoassay</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62082/development-of-a-direct-immunoassay-for-human-ferritin-using-diffraction-based-sensing-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62082.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1316</span> Study of the Morphological and Optical Properties of Nanometric NiO</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nassima%20Hamzaoui">Nassima Hamzaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostefa%20Ghamnia"> Mostefa Ghamnia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nanoscale thin films of pure and Mn-doped Nickel oxide (NiO) were prepared by dissolving nickel chloride hexahydrate (NiCl2, 6H2O) and manganese chloride tetrahydrate (MnCl2,4H2O) under experimental conditions. The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 30 OC minutes in order to obtain homogeneity. The solution was sprayed onto heated glass substrates. The films obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction to verify crystallinity. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveals surface topographical structure. UV-visible spectroscopy shows good transparency of the NiO layers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=films" title="films">films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NiO" title=" NiO"> NiO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AFM" title=" AFM"> AFM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-ray%20diffraction" title=" X-ray diffraction"> X-ray diffraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182349/study-of-the-morphological-and-optical-properties-of-nanometric-nio" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182349.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">60</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1315</span> Application of MoM-GEC Method for Electromagnetic Study of Planar Microwave Structures: Shielding Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Nouainia">Ahmed Nouainia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Hajji"> Mohamed Hajji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taoufik%20Aguili"> Taoufik Aguili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, an electromagnetic analysis is presented for describing the influence of shielding in a rectangular waveguide. A hybridization based on the method of moments combined to the generalized equivalent circuit MoM-GEC is used to model the problem. This is validated by applying the MoM-GEC hybridization to investigate a diffraction structure. It consists of electromagnetic diffraction by an iris in a rectangular waveguide. Numerical results are shown and discussed and a comparison with FEM and Marcuvitz methods is achieved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=method%20MoM-GEC" title="method MoM-GEC">method MoM-GEC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waveguide" title=" waveguide"> waveguide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shielding" title=" shielding"> shielding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalent%20circuit" title=" equivalent circuit"> equivalent circuit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62267/application-of-mom-gec-method-for-electromagnetic-study-of-planar-microwave-structures-shielding-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62267.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1314</span> Dielectric Properties of NdTi₍₀.₅₋ₓ₎GeₓMo₀.₅O₄ Ceramics at Microwave Frequency</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yih-Chien%20Chen">Yih-Chien Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tse-Lung%20Lin"> Tse-Lung Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The microwave characteristics of NdTi₍₀.₅₋ₓ₎GeₓMo₀.₅O₄ are studied to determine the feasibility of their use in the liquid sensor. The microwave characteristics of NdTi₍₀.₅₋ₓ₎GeₓMo₀.₅O₄ are determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The permittivity (𝜀r) of NdTi₍₀.₄₉₎Ge₀.₀₁Mo₀.₅O₄ that is sintered at 1425 ℃ for 4 h is 17.6, the unloaded quality factor (Qu×f) is 33,400 GHz, and it has a temperature coefficient at the resonance frequency (TCF) of -30.7 ppm/℃. The proposed liquid sensor is at the 5G FR1 bands. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NdTi%E2%82%8D%E2%82%80.%E2%82%85%E2%82%8B%E2%82%93%E2%82%8EGe%E2%82%93Mo%E2%82%80.%E2%82%85O%E2%82%84" title="NdTi₍₀.₅₋ₓ₎GeₓMo₀.₅O₄">NdTi₍₀.₅₋ₓ₎GeₓMo₀.₅O₄</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-ray%20diffraction%20pattern" title=" X-ray diffraction pattern"> X-ray diffraction pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permittivity" title=" permittivity"> permittivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Unloaded%20quality%20factor" title=" Unloaded quality factor"> Unloaded quality factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170409/dielectric-properties-of-ndti05gemo05o4-ceramics-at-microwave-frequency" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170409.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1313</span> Acid Fuchsin Dye Based PMMA Film for Holographic Investigations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Vinitha">G. Vinitha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ramalingam"> A. Ramalingam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In view of a possible application in optical data storage devices, diffraction grating efficiency of an organic dye, Acid Fuchsin doped in PMMA matrix was studied under excitation with CW diode pumped Nd: YAG laser at 532 nm. The open aperture Z-scan of dye doped polymer displayed saturable absorption and the closed aperture Z-scan of the samples exhibited negative nonlinearity. The diffraction efficiency of the grating is the ratio of the intensity of the first order diffracted power to the incident read beam power. The dye doped polymer films were found to be good media for recording. It is observed that the formation of gratings strongly depend on the concentration of dye in the polymer film, the intensity ratios of the writing beams and the angle between the writing beams. It has been found that efficient writing can be made at an angle of 20° and when the intensity ratio of the writing beams is unity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffraction%20efficiency" title="diffraction efficiency">diffraction efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20optical%20material" title=" nonlinear optical material"> nonlinear optical material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturable%20absorption" title=" saturable absorption"> saturable absorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface-relief-gratings" title=" surface-relief-gratings"> surface-relief-gratings</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14412/acid-fuchsin-dye-based-pmma-film-for-holographic-investigations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14412.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1312</span> Investigation on the Kinetic Mechanism of the Reduction of Fe₂O₃/CoO-Decorated Carbon Xerogel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Reza%20Ghaani">Mohammad Reza Ghaani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michele%20Catti"> Michele Catti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The reduction of CoO/Fe₂O₃ oxides supported on carbon xerogels was studied to elucidate the effect of nano-size distribution of the catalyst in carbon matrices. Resorcinol formaldehyde xerogels were synthesized, impregnated with iron and cobalt nitrates, and subsequently heated to obtain the oxides. The mechanism of oxide reduction to metal was investigated by in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction in dynamic, non-isothermal conditions. Kinetic profiles of the reactions were obtained by plotting the diffraction intensities of selected Bragg peaks vs. temperature. The extracted Temperature-Programmed-Reduction (TPR) diagrams were analyzed by appropriate kinetic models, leading to best results with the Avrami-Erofeev model for all reduction reactions considered. The activation energies for the two-step reduction of iron oxide were 65 and 37 kJmol⁻¹, respectively. The average value for the reduction of CoO to Co was found to be around 21 kJ mol⁻¹. Such results may contribute to develop efficient and inexpensive non-noble metal-based catalysts in element form, e.g., Fe, Co, via heterogenization of metal complexes on mesoporous supports. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-isothermal%20kinetics" title="non-isothermal kinetics">non-isothermal kinetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20aerogel" title=" carbon aerogel"> carbon aerogel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-situ%20synchrotron%20X-ray%20diffraction" title=" in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction"> in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reduction%20mechanisms" title=" reduction mechanisms"> reduction mechanisms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78625/investigation-on-the-kinetic-mechanism-of-the-reduction-of-fe2o3coo-decorated-carbon-xerogel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78625.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1311</span> Revealing Single Crystal Quality by Insight Diffraction Imaging Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thu%20Nhi%20Tran%20Caliste">Thu Nhi Tran Caliste</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> X-ray Bragg diffraction imaging (“topography”)entered into practical use when Lang designed an “easy” technical setup to characterise the defects / distortions in the high perfection crystals produced for the microelectronics industry. The use of this technique extended to all kind of high quality crystals, and deposited layers, and a series of publications explained, starting from the dynamical theory of diffraction, the contrast of the images of the defects. A quantitative version of “monochromatic topography” known as“Rocking Curve Imaging” (RCI) was implemented, by using synchrotron light and taking advantage of the dramatic improvement of the 2D-detectors and computerised image processing. The rough data is constituted by a number (~300) of images recorded along the diffraction (“rocking”) curve. If the quality of the crystal is such that a one-to-onerelation between a pixel of the detector and a voxel within the crystal can be established (this approximation is very well fulfilled if the local mosaic spread of the voxel is < 1 mradian), a software we developped provides, from the each rocking curve recorded on each of the pixels of the detector, not only the “voxel” integrated intensity (the only data provided by the previous techniques) but also its “mosaic spread” (FWHM) and peak position. We will show, based on many examples, that this new data, never recorded before, open the field to a highly enhanced characterization of the crystal and deposited layers. These examples include the characterization of dislocations and twins occurring during silicon growth, various growth features in Al203, GaNand CdTe (where the diffraction displays the Borrmannanomalous absorption, which leads to a new type of images), and the characterisation of the defects within deposited layers, or their effect on the substrate. We could also observe (due to the very high sensitivity of the setup installed on BM05, which allows revealing these faint effects) that, when dealing with very perfect crystals, the Kato’s interference fringes predicted by dynamical theory are also associated with very small modifications of the local FWHM and peak position (of the order of the µradian). This rather unexpected (at least for us) result appears to be in keeping with preliminary dynamical theory calculations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rocking%20curve%20imaging" title="rocking curve imaging">rocking curve imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-ray%20diffraction" title=" X-ray diffraction"> X-ray diffraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defect" title=" defect"> defect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distortion" title=" distortion"> distortion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143138/revealing-single-crystal-quality-by-insight-diffraction-imaging-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143138.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1310</span> Estimation and Validation of Free Lime Analysis of Clinker by Quantitative Phase Analysis Using X ray diffraction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suresh%20Palla">Suresh Palla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalpna%20Sharma"> Kalpna Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaurav%20Bhatnagar"> Gaurav Bhatnagar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20K.%20Chaturvedi"> S. K. Chaturvedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20N.%20Mohapatra"> B. N. Mohapatra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Determining the content of free lime is especially important to judge reactivity of the raw materials and clinker quality. The free lime limit isn’t the same for all cements; it depends on several factors, especially the temperature reached during the cooking and the grain size distribution in cement after grinding. Estimation of free lime by conventional method is influenced by the presence of portlandite and misleads the actual free lime content in the clinker for quality check up conditions. To ensure the product quality according to the standard specifications in terms of within the quality limits or not, a reliable, precise, and very reproducible method to quantify the relative phase abundances in the Portland Cement clinker and Portland Cements is to use X-ray diffraction (XRD) in combination with the Rietveld method. In the present study, a methodology was proposed using XRD to validate the obtained results of free lime by conventional method. The XRD and TG/DTA results confirm the presence of portlandite in the clinker to take the decision on the obtained free lime results through conventional method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20lime" title="free lime">free lime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantitative%20phase%20analysis" title=" quantitative phase analysis"> quantitative phase analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventional%20method" title=" conventional method"> conventional method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=x%20ray%20diffraction" title=" x ray diffraction"> x ray diffraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135211/estimation-and-validation-of-free-lime-analysis-of-clinker-by-quantitative-phase-analysis-using-x-ray-diffraction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135211.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1309</span> Inventive Synthesis and Characterization of a Cesium Molybdate Compound: CsBi(MoO4)2</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G%C3%BCl%C5%9Fah%20%C3%87elik%20G%C3%BCl">Gülşah Çelik Gül</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Figen%20Kurtulu%C5%9F"> Figen Kurtuluş</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cesium molybdates with general formula CsMIII(MoO4)2, where MIII = Bi, Dy, Pr, Er, exhibit rich polymorphism, and crystallize in a layered structure. These properties cause intensive studies on cesium molybdates. CsBi(MoO4)2 was synthesized by microwave method by using cerium sulphate, bismuth oxide and molybdenum (VI) oxide in an appropriate molar ratio. Characterizations were done by x-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive analyze (SEM/EDS), thermo gravimetric/differantial thermal analysis (TG/DTA). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cesium%20bismuth%20dimolybdate" title="cesium bismuth dimolybdate">cesium bismuth dimolybdate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave%20synthesis" title=" microwave synthesis"> microwave synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=powder%20x-ray%20diffraction" title=" powder x-ray diffraction"> powder x-ray diffraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rare%20earth%20dimolybdates" title=" rare earth dimolybdates"> rare earth dimolybdates</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27059/inventive-synthesis-and-characterization-of-a-cesium-molybdate-compound-csbimoo42" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27059.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">518</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1308</span> Internal Stresses and Structural Evolutions in Zr Alloys during Oxidation at High Temperature and Subsequent Cooling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raphaelle%20Guillou">Raphaelle Guillou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthieu%20Le%20Saux"> Matthieu Le Saux</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean-Christophe%20Brachet"> Jean-Christophe Brachet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Guilbert"> Thomas Guilbert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elodie%20Rouesne"> Elodie Rouesne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Denis%20Menut"> Denis Menut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caroline%20Toffolon-Masclet"> Caroline Toffolon-Masclet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dominique%20Thiaudiere"> Dominique Thiaudiere</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In some hypothetical accidental situations, such as during a Loss Of Coolant Accident (LOCA) in pressurized water reactors, fuel cladding tubes made of zirconium alloys can be exposed for a few minutes to steam at High Temperature (HT up to 1200°C) before being cooled and then quenched in water. Under LOCA-like conditions, the cladding undergoes a number of metallurgical changes (phase transformations, oxygen diffusion and growth of an oxide layer...) and is consequently submitted to internal stresses whose state evolves during the transient. These stresses can have an effect on the oxide structure and the oxidation kinetics of the material. They evolve during cooling, owing to differences between the thermal expansion coefficients of the various phases and phase transformations of the metal and the oxide. These stresses may result in the failure of the cladding during quenching, once the material is embrittled by oxidation. In order to progress in the evaluation of these internal stresses, X-ray diffraction experiments were performed in-situ under synchrotron radiation during HT oxidation and subsequent cooling on Zircaloy-4 sheet samples. First, structural evolutions, such as phase transformations, have been studied as a function of temperature for both the oxide layer and the metallic substrate. Then, internal stresses generated within the material oxidized at temperatures between 700 and 900°C have been evaluated thanks to the 2θ diffraction peak position shift measured during the in-situ experiments. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis was performed on the samples after cooling in order to characterize their crystallographic texture. Furthermore, macroscopic strains induced by oxidation in the conditions investigated during the in-situ X-ray diffraction experiments were measured in-situ in a dilatometer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=APRP" title="APRP">APRP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stains%20measurements" title=" stains measurements"> stains measurements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synchrotron%20diffraction" title=" synchrotron diffraction"> synchrotron diffraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zirconium%20allows" title=" zirconium allows"> zirconium allows</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55439/internal-stresses-and-structural-evolutions-in-zr-alloys-during-oxidation-at-high-temperature-and-subsequent-cooling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55439.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1307</span> Sol-Gel Derived ZnO Nanostructures: Optical Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheo%20K.%20Mishra">Sheo K. Mishra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajneesh%20K.%20Srivastava"> Rajneesh K. Srivastava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20K.%20Shukla"> R. K. Shukla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present work, we report on the optical properties including UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence (PL) of ZnO nanostructures synthesized by sol-gel method. Structural and morphological investigations have been performed by X-ray diffraction method (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD result confirms the formation of hexagonal wurtzite phase of ZnO nanostructures. The presence of various diffraction peaks suggests polycrystalline nature. The XRD pattern exhibits no additional peak due to by-products such as Zn(OH)2. The average crystallite size of prepared ZnO sample corresponding to the maximum intensity peaks is to be ~38.22 nm. The SEM micrograph shows different nanostructures of pure ZnO. Photoluminescence (PL) spectrum shows several emission peaks around 353 nm, 382 nm, 419 nm, 441 nm, 483 nm and 522 nm. The obtained results suggest that the prepared phosphors are quite suitable for optoelectronic applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZnO" title="ZnO">ZnO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sol-gel" title=" sol-gel"> sol-gel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRD" title=" XRD"> XRD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PL" title=" PL"> PL</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39664/sol-gel-derived-zno-nanostructures-optical-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39664.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1306</span> Preparation and Characterization of Nano-Metronidazole by Planetary Ball-Milling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahriar%20Ghammamy">Shahriar Ghammamy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Gholipoor"> Maryam Gholipoor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Metronidazole nano -powders with the average mean particle size around 90 nm were synthesized by high-energy milling using a planetary ball mill is provided. The Scattering factors, milling of time,the ball size and ball to powder ratio on the material properties powder by the Ray diffraction (XRD) study, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), IR. It has been observed that the density of nano-sized grinding balls as ball to powder ratio depends. Using the dispersion factor, the density Can be reduced below the initial particle size was achieved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metronidazole" title="metronidazole">metronidazole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ball-milling" title=" ball-milling"> ball-milling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characterization" title=" characterization"> characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRD%20diffraction" title=" XRD diffraction"> XRD diffraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16630/preparation-and-characterization-of-nano-metronidazole-by-planetary-ball-milling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16630.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1305</span> High-Temperature X-Ray Powder Diffraction of Secondary Gypsum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Gazdi%C4%8D">D. Gazdič</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20H%C3%A1jkov%C3%A1"> I. Hájková</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Fridrichov%C3%A1"> M. Fridrichová</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper involved the performance of a high-temperature X-Ray powder diffraction analysis (XRD) of a sample of chemical gypsum generated in the production of titanium white; this gypsum originates by neutralizing highly acidic water with limestone suspension. Specifically, it was gypsum formed in the first stage of neutralization when the resulting material contains, apart from gypsum, a number of waste products resulting from the decomposition of ilmenite by sulphuric acid. So it can be described as red titanogypsum. By conducting the experiment using XRD apparatus Bruker D8 Advance with a Cu anode (λkα=1.54184 Å) equipped with high-temperature chamber Anton Paar HTK 16, it was possible to identify clearly in the sample each phase transition in the system of CaSO4•xH2O. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anhydrite" title="anhydrite">anhydrite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gypsum" title=" gypsum"> gypsum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bassanite" title=" bassanite"> bassanite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hematite" title=" hematite"> hematite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRD" title=" XRD"> XRD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=powder" title=" powder"> powder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-temperature" title=" high-temperature "> high-temperature </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15577/high-temperature-x-ray-powder-diffraction-of-secondary-gypsum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15577.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1304</span> Use of Simultaneous Electron Backscatter Diffraction and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques to Characterize High-Temperature Oxides Formed on Nickel-Based Superalloys Exposed to Super-Critical Water Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Sanayei">Mohsen Sanayei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jerzy%20Szpunar"> Jerzy Szpunar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sami%20Penttil%C3%A4"> Sami Penttilä</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Exposure of Nickel-based superalloys to high temperature and harsh environment such as Super-Critical Water (SCW) environment leads to the formation of oxide scales composed of multiple and complex phases that are difficult to differentiate with conventional analysis techniques. In this study, we used simultaneous Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) to analyze the complex oxide scales formed on several Nickel-based Superalloys exposed to high temperature SCW. Multi-layered structures of Iron, Nickel, Chromium and Molybdenum oxides and spinels were clearly identified using the simultaneous EBSD-EDS analysis technique. Furthermore, the orientation relationship between the oxide scales and the substrate has been investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20backscatter%20diffraction" title="electron backscatter diffraction">electron backscatter diffraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20dispersive%20x-ray%20spectroscopy" title=" energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy"> energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superalloy" title=" superalloy"> superalloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=super-critical%20water" title=" super-critical water"> super-critical water</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70076/use-of-simultaneous-electron-backscatter-diffraction-and-energy-dispersive-x-ray-spectroscopy-techniques-to-characterize-high-temperature-oxides-formed-on-nickel-based-superalloys-exposed-to-super-critical-water-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70076.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1303</span> Advanced Particle Characterisation of Suspended Sediment in the Danube River Using Automated Imaging and Laser Diffraction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fl%C3%B3ra%20Pom%C3%A1zi">Flóra Pomázi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S%C3%A1ndor%20Baranya"> Sándor Baranya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zolt%C3%A1n%20Szalai"> Zoltán Szalai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A harmonized monitoring of the suspended sediment transport along such a large river as the world’s most international river, the Danube River, is a rather challenging task. The traditional monitoring method in Hungary is obsolete but using indirect measurement devices and techniques like optical backscatter sensors (OBS), laser diffraction or acoustic backscatter sensors (ABS) could provide a fast and efficient alternative option of direct methods. However, these methods are strongly sensitive to the particle characteristics (i.e. particle shape, particle size and mineral composition). The current method does not provide sufficient information about particle size distribution, mineral analysis is rarely done, and the shape of the suspended sediment particles have not been examined yet. The aims of the study are (1) to determine the particle characterisation of suspended sediment in the Danube River using advanced particle characterisation methods as laser diffraction and automated imaging, and (2) to perform a sensitivity analysis of the indirect methods in order to determine the impact of suspended particle characteristics. The particle size distribution is determined by laser diffraction. The particle shape and mineral composition analysis is done by the Morphologi G3ID image analyser. The investigated indirect measurement devices are the LISST-Portable|XR, the LISST-ABS (Sequoia Inc.) and the Rio Grande 1200 kHz ADCP (Teledyne Marine). The major findings of this study are (1) the statistical shape of the suspended sediment particle - this is the first research in this context, (2) the actualised particle size distribution – that can be compared to historical information, so that the morphological changes can be tracked, (3) the actual mineral composition of the suspended sediment in the Danube River, and (4) the reliability of the tested indirect methods has been increased – based on the results of the sensitivity analysis and the previous findings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advanced%20particle%20characterisation" title="advanced particle characterisation">advanced particle characterisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automated%20imaging" title=" automated imaging"> automated imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indirect%20methods" title=" indirect methods"> indirect methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20diffraction" title=" laser diffraction"> laser diffraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral%20composition" title=" mineral composition"> mineral composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suspended%20sediment" title=" suspended sediment"> suspended sediment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118731/advanced-particle-characterisation-of-suspended-sediment-in-the-danube-river-using-automated-imaging-and-laser-diffraction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118731.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> 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