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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navegació </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portada" title="Visiteu la pàgina principal [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Portada</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Article_aleatori" title="Carrega una pàgina a l’atzar [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Article a l'atzar</span></a></li><li id="n-Articles-de-qualitat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Articles_de_qualitat"><span>Articles de qualitat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Comunitat" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Comunitat" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Comunitat </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Portal" title="Sobre el projecte, què podeu fer, on trobareu les coses"><span>Portal viquipedista</span></a></li><li id="n-Agenda-d'actes" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Trobades"><span>Agenda d'actes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Canvis_recents" title="Una llista dels canvis recents al wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Canvis recents</span></a></li><li id="n-La-taverna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:La_taverna"><span>La taverna</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Contacte"><span>Contacte</span></a></li><li id="n-Xat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Canals_IRC"><span>Xat</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Ajuda" title="El lloc per a saber més coses"><span>Ajuda</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portada" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Viquipèdia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ca.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.4375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l'Enciclopèdia Lliure" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ca.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Cerca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cerca</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cerca a Viquipèdia" aria-label="Cerca a Viquipèdia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Cerca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cerca</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Eines personals"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Magatzem" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Magatzem" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines personals" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines personals</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú d'usuari" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca"><span>Donatius</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Magatzem" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crea un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Magatzem" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Inicia la sessió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Història" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Història"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Història</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Història-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Història</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Història-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prehistòria_i_història_antiga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistòria_i_història_antiga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Prehistòria i història antiga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistòria_i_història_antiga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Magatzems_de_gra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magatzems_de_gra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Magatzems de gra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Magatzems_de_gra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ports_i_construcció_naval" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ports_i_construcció_naval"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Ports i construcció naval</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ports_i_construcció_naval-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fenicis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fenicis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Fenicis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fenicis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Egipcis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egipcis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Egipcis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egipcis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cretencs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cretencs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>Cretencs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cretencs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atenes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atenes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.4</span> <span>Atenes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atenes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cartaginesos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cartaginesos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.5</span> <span>Cartaginesos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cartaginesos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.6</span> <span>Romans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Època_medieval" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Època_medieval"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Època medieval</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Època_medieval-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Casos_particulars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Casos_particulars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Casos particulars</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Casos_particulars-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Casos particulars</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Casos_particulars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cache_de_paranyer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cache_de_paranyer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Cache de paranyer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cache_de_paranyer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pou_de_glaç" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pou_de_glaç"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Pou de glaç</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pou_de_glaç-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caravanserrall" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caravanserrall"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Caravanserrall</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caravanserrall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Torre_d'aigua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Torre_d'aigua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Torre d'aigua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Torre_d'aigua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polvorí" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polvorí"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Polvorí</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polvorí-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Material_de_manutenció" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Material_de_manutenció"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Material de manutenció</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Material_de_manutenció-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evolució" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolució"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Evolució</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evolució-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegeu_també" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegeu_també"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Vegeu també</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegeu_també-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Magatzem</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 70 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">70 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B9" title="مستودع - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مستودع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almac%C3%A9n" title="Almacén - asturià" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Almacén" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anbar" title="Anbar - azerbaidjanès" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Anbar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Склад - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Склад" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="गोदाम - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="गोदाम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Ларма - txetxè" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ларма" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="txetxè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sklad" title="Sklad - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sklad" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magasin_(lager)" title="Magasin (lager) - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Magasin (lager)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagerhaltung" title="Lagerhaltung - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lagerhaltung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embarci" title="Embarci - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Embarci" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B8%CE%AE%CE%BA%CE%B7" title="Αποθήκη - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αποθήκη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warehouse" title="Warehouse - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Warehouse" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magazeno" title="Magazeno - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Magazeno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almac%C3%A9n" title="Almacén - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Almacén" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladu" title="Ladu - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ladu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biltegi" title="Biltegi - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Biltegi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="انبار - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انبار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varasto" title="Varasto - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Varasto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entrep%C3%B4t" title="Entrepôt - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Entrepôt" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almac%C3%A9n" title="Almacén - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Almacén" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almas%E1%BA%BD" title="Almasẽ - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Almasẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%9F" title="מחסן - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מחסן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="मालगोदाम - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मालगोदाम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skladi%C5%A1te" title="Skladište - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Skladište" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakt%C3%A1roz%C3%A1s" title="Raktározás - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Raktározás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gudang" title="Gudang - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gudang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magazino" title="Magazino - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Magazino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magazzino" title="Magazzino - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Magazzino" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%80%89%E5%BA%AB" title="倉庫 - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="倉庫" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Қойма - kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қойма" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A3" title="ಉಗ್ರಾಣ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಉಗ್ರಾಣ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B0%BD%EA%B3%A0" title="창고 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="창고" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magazen" title="Magazen - judeocastellà" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Magazen" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="judeocastellà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand%C4%97lis" title="Sandėlis - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sandėlis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Склад - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Склад" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="वखार - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वखार" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magazijn_(opslagplaats)" title="Magazijn (opslagplaats) - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Magazijn (opslagplaats)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagerbygning" title="Lagerbygning - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lagerbygning" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangasina" title="Mangasina - papiament" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Mangasina" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiament" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magazyn_(budowla)" title="Magazyn (budowla) - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Magazyn (budowla)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armaz%C3%A9m" title="Armazém - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Armazém" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qullqa" title="Qullqa - quítxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qullqa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quítxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depozit_de_m%C4%83rfuri" title="Depozit de mărfuri - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Depozit de mărfuri" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Склад - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Склад" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Кыстабыл - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кыстабыл" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magasenu_(lucali)" title="Magasenu (lucali) - sicilià" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Magasenu (lucali)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85" title="گودام - sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="گودام" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skladi%C5%A1te" title="Skladište - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Skladište" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warehouse" title="Warehouse - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Warehouse" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skladi%C5%A1%C4%8De" title="Skladišče - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Skladišče" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depoja" title="Depoja - albanès" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Depoja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Магацин - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Магацин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gudang" title="Gudang - sondanès" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Gudang" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagerbyggnad" title="Lagerbyggnad - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lagerbyggnad" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghala" title="Ghala - suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ghala" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/khuw" title="khuw - Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="khuw" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BF" title="గిడ్డంగి - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గిడ్డంగి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2" title="คลังสินค้า - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คลังสินค้า" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depo" title="Depo - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Depo" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Амбар - tàtar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Амбар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tàtar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4_(%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F)" title="Склад (будівля) - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Склад (будівля)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85" title="گودام - urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گودام" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombor" title="Ombor - uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ombor" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_kho" title="Nhà kho - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhà kho" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%93%E5%BA%93" title="仓库 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="仓库" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%92%D7%90%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9F_(%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%93)" title="מאגאזין (סקלאד) - ídix" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאגאזין (סקלאד)" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ídix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%80%89%E5%BA%AB" title="倉庫 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="倉庫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E7%88%BE%E5%96%80" title="庫爾喀 - xinès clàssic" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="庫爾喀" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="xinès clàssic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhng-kh%C3%B2%CD%98" title="Chhng-khò͘ - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chhng-khò͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B2%A8%E5%80%89" title="貨倉 - cantonès" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="貨倉" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q181623#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Magatzem" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussi%C3%B3:Magatzem" rel="discussion" title="Discussió sobre el contingut d'aquesta pàgina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" 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href="/w/index.php?title=Magatzem&action=history"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Magatzem" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que enllacen amb aquesta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Què hi enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguiment/Magatzem" rel="nofollow" title="Canvis recents a pàgines enllaçades des d'aquesta pàgina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canvis relacionats</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A0gines_especials" title="Llista totes les pàgines especials [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pàgines especials</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a 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lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Automatisches_Kleinteilelager.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Automatisches_Kleinteilelager.jpg/220px-Automatisches_Kleinteilelager.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Automatisches_Kleinteilelager.jpg/330px-Automatisches_Kleinteilelager.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Automatisches_Kleinteilelager.jpg/440px-Automatisches_Kleinteilelager.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Magatzem de mercaderies</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34261971">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{width:100%;border-color:#77ccff;color:var(--color-base,#202122);background-color:#f5f5f5;margin-bottom:1em;font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .hatnote{color:var(--color-inverted,#fff);background-color:var(--background-color-inverted,#101418)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .hatnote{color:var(--color-inverted,#fff);background-color:var(--background-color-inverted,#101418)}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <table class="hatnote" cellspacing="5"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 25px; vertical-align: top;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/22px-Disambig_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/33px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/44px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> </td> <td>Per a altres significats, vegeu «<a href="/wiki/Botiga_d%27autoservei" title="Botiga d'autoservei">botiga d'autoservei</a>». </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Un <b>magatzem</b> o <b>almagatzem</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> és un lloc o espai físic per dipositar-hi <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9_econ%C3%B2mic" class="mw-redirect" title="Bé econòmic">béns</a> i tenir-ne cura. Els magatzems són usats per fabricants, importadors, exportadors, comerciants, transportistes, transitaris, guardamobles, duanes, particulars, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>En un magatzem es dipositen les <a href="/wiki/Primeres_mat%C3%A8ries" title="Primeres matèries">primeres matèries</a>, productes semiacabats o acabats, a l'espera de transferir-los a la següent baula de la <a href="/wiki/Cadena_de_subministrament" title="Cadena de subministrament">cadena de subministrament</a> o al rebuig. Es poden també trobar embalatges, peces de recanvi, peces de manteniment... segons decisions de l'empresa. Serveix com a centre regulador del flux de mercaderies entre la disponibilitat i la necessitat de fabricants, comerciants i <a href="/wiki/Consumidor" title="Consumidor">consumidors</a>. </p><p>Generalment són construccions grans i planes en les zones industrials, equipats amb molls de càrrega per carregar i descarregar camions, o algunes vegades són carregats directament de vies de tren, aeroports o ports marítims, així com amb material d'emmagatzematge, adaptat al producte i la seva rotació d'<a href="/wiki/Inventari" title="Inventari">inventari</a>, com prestatgeries, ponts grua, plataformes rotatòries, etc. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Història"><span id="Hist.C3.B2ria"></span>Història</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magatzem&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Història"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Els magatzems són gairebé tan antics com la història de la humanitat. Una persona, una família o una comunitat, ha de guardar estris i mercaderies per a disposar-ne més tard. És útil i convenient aprofitar una estança física que permeti el dipòsit segur de bens, protegint-los dels elements i dificultant el seu robatori. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistòria_i_història_antiga"><span id="Prehist.C3.B2ria_i_hist.C3.B2ria_antiga"></span>Prehistòria i història antiga</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magatzem&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Prehistòria i història antiga"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Magatzems_de_gra">Magatzems de gra</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magatzem&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Magatzems de gra"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Els graners d’Egipte, esmentats en la història de Josep fill de Jacob, són representatius de la necessitat dels grans imperis d’emmagatzemar cereals per a regular millor el seu consum. Graners i sitges són magatzems especialitzats. A la ciutat ibèrica d’Ullastret es conserven diverses sitges per a guardar gra. Sense deixar el tema dels cereals, el proveiment de Roma permet estudiar els graners a Ostia (Horrea Epagathiana). Els graners de Galba (Horrea Galbae) ocupaven unes dimensions extraordinàries. </p> <center> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1372px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Ullastret_sitges.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Sitges soterrades a Ullastret.[4]"><img alt="Sitges soterrades a Ullastret.[4]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Ullastret_sitges.JPG/150px-Ullastret_sitges.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Ullastret_sitges.JPG/225px-Ullastret_sitges.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Ullastret_sitges.JPG/300px-Ullastret_sitges.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Sitges soterrades a Ullastret.<sup id="cite_ref-Raventós_Bolòs_2005_p._254_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raventós_Bolòs_2005_p._254-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Ostia_antica-17.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Graners a Ostia.[5][6]"><img alt="Graners a Ostia.[5][6]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Ostia_antica-17.jpg/267px-Ostia_antica-17.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Ostia_antica-17.jpg/400px-Ostia_antica-17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Ostia_antica-17.jpg/533px-Ostia_antica-17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Graners a Ostia.<sup id="cite_ref-Rickman_1971_p._24_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rickman_1971_p._24-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Van_Oyen_2020_p._147_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Van_Oyen_2020_p._147-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> </ul> </center> <p>La necessitat de dur blat a Roma fou l'origen d'una frase famosa atribuïda a Pompeu en l'obra de Plutarc. </p> <div style="clear:{{#switch:left|center=both|#default=left;"> <table style="margin:auto; width:auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20" valign="top" style="font-size:35px; padding:0 10px; text-align:left; font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight:bold; color:silver;">« </td> <td valign="middle" align="left" style="">Navigare necesse est. Vivere non est necesse. </td> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="font-size:35px; padding:0 10px 10px; text-align:right; font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight:bold; color:silver;">» </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right; font-size:smaller;">— <sup id="cite_ref-Esparza_2015_p._281_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Esparza_2015_p._281-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>La protecció dels cereals dipositats en un graner, contra rates i ratolins, va afavorir la difusió dels gats a Egipte. I la seva estimació per part del poble.<sup id="cite_ref-Montaner_y_Simon_1872_p._159_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Montaner_y_Simon_1872_p._159-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ports_i_construcció_naval"><span id="Ports_i_construcci.C3.B3_naval"></span>Ports i construcció naval</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magatzem&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Ports i construcció naval"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La navegació, militar i civil, està relacionada amb moltes menes de magatzems. La construcció de vaixells implica l’acumulació i el tractament de diversos materials que cal emmagatzemar i manipular (manutenció). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fenicis">Fenicis</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magatzem&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Fenicis"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Els fenicis establiren un comerç marítim actiu per tota la Mediterrània. Les seves drassanes i les restes seus magatzems han estat estudiats.<sup id="cite_ref-Martínez_2007_p._63_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martínez_2007_p._63-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <center> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1372px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Col%C3%B2nies_gregues_i_fen%C3%ADcies_900-500ane.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Colònies gregues i fenícies."><img alt="Colònies gregues i fenícies." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Col%C3%B2nies_gregues_i_fen%C3%ADcies_900-500ane.png/291px-Col%C3%B2nies_gregues_i_fen%C3%ADcies_900-500ane.png" decoding="async" width="291" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Col%C3%B2nies_gregues_i_fen%C3%ADcies_900-500ane.png/437px-Col%C3%B2nies_gregues_i_fen%C3%ADcies_900-500ane.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Col%C3%B2nies_gregues_i_fen%C3%ADcies_900-500ane.png/583px-Col%C3%B2nies_gregues_i_fen%C3%ADcies_900-500ane.png 2x" data-file-width="9999" data-file-height="6868" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Colònies gregues i fenícies.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Carthage_carte_1844.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mapa de Cartago."><img alt="Mapa de Cartago." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Carthage_carte_1844.jpg/259px-Carthage_carte_1844.jpg" decoding="async" width="259" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Carthage_carte_1844.jpg/389px-Carthage_carte_1844.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Carthage_carte_1844.jpg/518px-Carthage_carte_1844.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1942" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mapa de Cartago.</div> </li> </ul> </center> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Egipcis">Egipcis</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magatzem&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Egipcis"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><sup id="cite_ref-Bard_2015_p._187_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bard_2015_p._187-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Romer_2016_p._293_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Romer_2016_p._293-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cretencs">Cretencs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magatzem&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la secció: Cretencs"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La civilització minoica fou una talassocràcia. A més dels magatzems de les drassanes i el comerç naval, els magatzems dels seus palaus han estat considerats d’importància capital.<sup id="cite_ref-Tsakiridis_Bardi_2010_p._8_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tsakiridis_Bardi_2010_p._8-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Atenes">Atenes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magatzem&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la secció: Atenes"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La superioritat naval dels antics atenencs es basava en la construcció i manteniment de vaixells. Les drassanes cobertes <sup id="cite_ref-Konstam_2013_p._68_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Konstam_2013_p._68-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i els magatzems formaven part d'aquesta política.<sup id="cite_ref-Economou_2023_p._65_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Economou_2023_p._65-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cartaginesos">Cartaginesos</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magatzem&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la secció: Cartaginesos"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'imperi cartaginès disposava de colònies i factories comercials. I drassanes per a construr vaixells. En tots els casos eren imprescindibles els magatzems adequats.<sup id="cite_ref-Cummins_Mas_2022_p._30_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cummins_Mas_2022_p._30-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Guzmán_2013_p._49_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guzmán_2013_p._49-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Romans">Romans</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magatzem&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la secció: Romans"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les instal·lacions de Portus, estudiades parcialment, mostren magatzems importants.<sup id="cite_ref-Welsh_2011_q094_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Welsh_2011_q094-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <center> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1372px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Carthaginianempire.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="."><img alt="." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Carthaginianempire.PNG/213px-Carthaginianempire.PNG" decoding="async" width="213" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Carthaginianempire.PNG/320px-Carthaginianempire.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Carthaginianempire.PNG/426px-Carthaginianempire.PNG 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2276" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> .</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Karta_Karthago.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Cartago romana amb els dos ports grans existents a la ciutat."><img alt="Cartago romana amb els dos ports grans existents a la ciutat." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Karta_Karthago.PNG/213px-Karta_Karthago.PNG" decoding="async" width="213" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Karta_Karthago.PNG/320px-Karta_Karthago.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Karta_Karthago.PNG/427px-Karta_Karthago.PNG 2x" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="520" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cartago romana amb els dos ports grans existents a la ciutat.</div> </li> </ul> </center> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Època_medieval"><span id=".C3.88poca_medieval"></span>Època medieval</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magatzem&action=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la secció: Època medieval"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Totes les potències marítimes disposaven de drassanes i magatzems per a construir vaixells i comerciar amb mercaderies: Amalfi, Venècia, Gènova, Pisa, Barcelona, Tortosa, València, Mallorca, Nàpols, Palerm, Villeneuve sur Mer, ...<sup id="cite_ref-King_2015_p._173_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-King_2015_p._173-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>L'Arsenale de Venècia és un cas prou conegut.<sup id="cite_ref-Guides_2022_p._44_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guides_2022_p._44-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Drassanes de Mallorca amb els seus magatzems.</li></ul> <div style="clear:{{#switch:left|center=both|#default=left;"> <table style="margin:auto; width:auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20" valign="top" style="font-size:35px; padding:0 10px; text-align:left; font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight:bold; color:silver;">« </td> <td valign="middle" align="left" style="">... el inventario que se hizo de la tarazana, que se encomendó á Antonio Pont á 28 de mayo de 1399 , . duado en el inismo libro . En este inventario se verá el riquísimo tren de la dárcena y de sus <b>almagacenes</b>, y verdaderamente pasma el leer tantos aparejos para la fabrica de los bajeles; y llegando á escribir las galeras que estaban varadas en el patio de la tarazana dice : Item , la galera apellàda la Victòria , enbancada de popa á proa , es de vint y nou bàncs, de sota entaulada ab sos peyòls... </td> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="font-size:35px; padding:0 10px 10px; text-align:right; font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight:bold; color:silver;">» </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right; font-size:smaller;">— <i>Historia general del reino de Mallorca,</i> Juan Bautista Dameto <sup id="cite_ref-Dameto_Mut_Alemany_1841_p._2-PA327_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dameto_Mut_Alemany_1841_p._2-PA327-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ul><li>Drassanes de Barcelona.<sup id="cite_ref-discovery.upc.edu_s365_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-discovery.upc.edu_s365-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Catalans_2022_p._177_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catalans_2022_p._177-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Casos_particulars">Casos particulars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magatzem&action=edit&section=12" title="Modifica la secció: Casos particulars"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En la definició general de magatzem (espai per a guardar temporalment bens o mercaderies) poden encabir-se algunes variants singulars. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cache_de_paranyer"><a href="/wiki/Cache_de_paranyer" title="Cache de paranyer">Cache de paranyer</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magatzem&action=edit&section=13" title="Modifica la secció: Cache de paranyer"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Un <b>cache de paranyer</b> o <b>cache de tramper,<sup id="cite_ref-moll_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moll-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-term_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-term-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-opti_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opti-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> és un tipus d'amagatall temporal,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> utilitzat d'antuvi per pobles primitius, que fou utilitzat, entre altres, pels <a href="/wiki/Tramper" class="mw-redirect" title="Tramper">trampers</a> del nord del continent americà amb la finalitat d'amagar-hi, dissimulant-los, els aliments per a tota la campanya, o bé emmagatzemar-hi les pells recollides preparant el viatge de tornada cap a la civilització, etc.. Aquest hàbit, derivat probablement de l'<a href="/wiki/Emmagatzematge_animal" title="Emmagatzematge animal">emmagatzematge animal</a>, existia des del Neolític en les civilitzacions antigues de <a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%A7adors-recol%C2%B7lectors" class="mw-redirect" title="Caçadors-recol·lectors">caçadors-recol·lectors</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-cache_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cache-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ras i curt, existia també entre els indis americans quan els trampers van arribar als seus campaments.<sup id="cite_ref-cache_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cache-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pou_de_glaç"><span id="Pou_de_gla.C3.A7"></span><a href="/wiki/Pou_de_gla%C3%A7" title="Pou de glaç">Pou de glaç</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magatzem&action=edit&section=14" title="Modifica la secció: Pou de glaç"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><sup id="cite_ref-Raventós_Marés_2008_p._186_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raventós_Marés_2008_p._186-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caravanserrall"><a href="/wiki/Caravanserrall" title="Caravanserrall">Caravanserrall</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magatzem&action=edit&section=15" title="Modifica la secció: Caravanserrall"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><sup id="cite_ref-Gobien_de_Querbeuf_Du_Halde_Maréchal_1819_p._392_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gobien_de_Querbeuf_Du_Halde_Maréchal_1819_p._392-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Orr_2008_p._79_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orr_2008_p._79-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Torre_d'aigua"><span id="Torre_d.27aigua"></span><a href="/wiki/Torre_d%27aigua" title="Torre d'aigua">Torre d'aigua</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magatzem&action=edit&section=16" title="Modifica la secció: Torre d'aigua"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polvorí"><span id="Polvor.C3.AD"></span><a href="/wiki/Polvor%C3%AD" title="Polvorí">Polvorí</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magatzem&action=edit&section=17" title="Modifica la secció: Polvorí"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Magatzem de pólvora i altres explosius.<sup id="cite_ref-Bes_Carballido_2019_p._103_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bes_Carballido_2019_p._103-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Llengua_catalana_o619_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Llengua_catalana_o619-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> També anomenat santabàrbara.<sup id="cite_ref-Browlee_1991_p._34_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Browlee_1991_p._34-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Material_de_manutenció"><span id="Material_de_manutenci.C3.B3"></span>Material de manutenció</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magatzem&action=edit&section=18" title="Modifica la secció: Material de manutenció"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Puerta_automatica_en_almacen_nave_industrial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Puerta_automatica_en_almacen_nave_industrial.jpg/220px-Puerta_automatica_en_almacen_nave_industrial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Puerta_automatica_en_almacen_nave_industrial.jpg/330px-Puerta_automatica_en_almacen_nave_industrial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Puerta_automatica_en_almacen_nave_industrial.jpg/440px-Puerta_automatica_en_almacen_nave_industrial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2170" data-file-height="1426" /></a><figcaption>Maquinària travessa una porta automàtica en una nau industrial</figcaption></figure> <p>Sovint disposen de <a href="/wiki/Carret%C3%B3_elevador" title="Carretó elevador">carretons elevadors</a> frontals, apiladors o <a href="/wiki/Portapalets" title="Portapalets">portapalets</a> per operar les mercaderies dipositades en <a href="/wiki/Palet" title="Palet">palets</a> estandarditzats. Segons el tipus de mercaderia emmagatzemada es pot trobar màquines més específiques com un pont grua o una <a href="/wiki/Grua_(m%C3%A0quina)" title="Grua (màquina)">grua</a>. </p><p>Hi ha magatzems completament automatitzats, amb poc personal al seu interior. L'empresa fa l'estudi de costos entre emmagatzematge manual amb personal i el emmagatzematge amb maquinari, decidint en quina proporció li és més convenient cada tipus d'operació i tenint en compte les condicions de seguretat, de climatologia, de les hores d'operació, de si el producte a tenir cura té límits de vida útil, etc. En els magatzems totalment o parcialment automatitzats la manipulació de mercaderia es realitza amb màquines controlades per ordinadors amb el <a href="/wiki/Programari" title="Programari">programari</a> apropiat. </p><p>Aquest tipus de magatzems automatitzats, es poden utilitzar per a mercaderies de temperatura controlada en els quals la disponibilitat d'espai és menor a causa de l'alt cost que la refrigeració suposa per a l'empresa. També s'empren per a aquelles matèries o mercaderies que per la seva perillositat en la manipulació, o la seva elevada <a href="/wiki/Rotaci%C3%B3_de_l%27inventari" title="Rotació de l'inventari">rotació de l'inventari</a> rendibilitzen l'elevat cost que suposa la posada en marxa d'aquest tipus d'instal·lacions. </p><p>Els processos comuns d'un magatzem són la <a href="/wiki/Recepci%C3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Recepció">recepció</a>, la col·locació a prestatgeria de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paletitzaci%C3%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paletització (encara no existeix)">paletització</a>, la preparació de l'entrega, la tria (en anglès, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Picking&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Picking (encara no existeix)">picking</a></i>), l'expedició (en anglès <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dispatching&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dispatching (encara no existeix)">dispatching</a></i>) i la gestió de l'estoc (<a href="/wiki/Inventari" title="Inventari">inventaris</a>.) Per la gestió d'un magatzem és necessari un <a href="/wiki/Sistema_de_gesti%C3%B3_de_magatzem" title="Sistema de gestió de magatzem">sistema de gestió de magatzem</a>. A les Normes <a href="/wiki/ISO_9000" title="ISO 9000">ISO 9000</a> de <a href="/wiki/Qualitat" title="Qualitat">Qualitat</a> hi ha normativa per aquestos sistemes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolució"><span id="Evoluci.C3.B3"></span>Evolució</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magatzem&action=edit&section=19" title="Modifica la secció: Evolució"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La reducció dels temps entre l'oferta i la <a href="/wiki/Demanda_(economia)" title="Demanda (economia)">demanda</a> o la comanda i l'entrega de productes ha originat un canvi en l'operació dels magatzems tradicionals.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> S'ha elaborat una tècnica amb introducció gradual coneguda com a sistema <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A8tode_just_a_temps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mètode just a temps (encara no existeix)">JIT</a> (de l'anglès <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Just_In_Time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Just In Time (encara no existeix)">Just In Time</a></i>), que és un conjunt de tècniques dissenyades a millorar l'eficiència en operacions d'un negoci que redueix el temps d'emmagatzematge de primeres, productes semielaborats i productes acabats. Un exemple és l'entrega física de productes acabats, degudament empaquetats i identificats al mitjà de transport (normalment camions) directament des de la darrera etapa de la cadena de producció. </p><p>Malgrat això i de l'assessorament de consultores especialitzades, la distància física entre el fabricant i el consumidor ha crescut considerablement i cal un emmagatzematge per país o per regió en una cadena de subministrament per a una gamma particular de productes. Aquestes operacions habitualment es subcontracten a empreses especialitzades en <a href="/wiki/Log%C3%ADstica" title="Logística">logística</a>. </p><p>L'objectiu primordial de les empreses que introdueixen un sistema de magatzems automatitzats en la seva cadena de subministrament és la reducció de costos en espais i temps. Per a això s'utilitzen tècniques d'enginyeria i operacions enfocades sobre aspectes vitals com la gestió de la informació i la comunicació (comandes, albarans, estocs, rotacions d'inventari), localització del o dels magatzems, distribució tant interna com externa de l'espai en aquests, elecció del tipus d'estructura d'emmagatzematge adequada, gestió eficaç dels recorreguts i manipulacions dins del magatzem, optimització de l'espai de càrrega en els diferents mitjans de transport, creació de rutes de transport per reduir desplaçaments o maximitzar la càrrega transportada i disseny de sistemes de gestió i administració àgils. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magatzem&action=edit&section=20" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.avl.gva.es/lexicval/?paraula=almagatzem">almagatzem</a>». <i>Diccionari normatiu valencià</i>.  Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enciclopedia.cat/gran-enciclopedia-catalana/0120912.xml">Magatzem</a>». <i><a href="/wiki/Gran_Enciclop%C3%A8dia_Catalana" title="Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana">Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana</a></i>.  Barcelona:  <a href="/wiki/Grup_Enciclop%C3%A8dia_Catalana" class="mw-redirect" title="Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana">Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://diariodelsur.es/economia-y-empresa/incremento-de-la-demanda-de-abastecedores-de-almacenes/">Incremento de la demanda de abastecedores de almacenes</a>». [Consulta: 15 octubre 2020].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Raventós_Bolòs_2005_p._254-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Raventós_Bolòs_2005_p._254_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFRaventósBolòs2005"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Raventós</span>, E.G.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Bolòs</span>, M.T.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=f0lamHNd9JcC&pg=PA254"><i>Història agrària dels Països Catalans</i></a>.  Fundació Catalana per a la Recerca, 2005, p. 254 (Història agrària dels Països Catalans). <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-475-2895-0" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-475-2895-0">ISBN 978-84-475-2895-0</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hist%C3%B2ria+agr%C3%A0ria+dels+Pa%C3%AFsos+Catalans&rft.aulast=Ravent%C3%B3s&rft.aufirst=E.G.&rft.date=2005&rft.pub=Fundaci%C3%B3+Catalana+per+a+la+Recerca&rft.pages=254&rft.series=Hist%C3%B2ria+agr%C3%A0ria+dels+Pa%C3%AFsos+Catalans&rft.isbn=978-84-475-2895-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df0lamHNd9JcC%26pg%3DPA254"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rickman_1971_p._24-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Rickman_1971_p._24_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFRickman1971"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Rickman</span>, G. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=aaI8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA24"><i>Roman Granaries and Store Buildings</i></a>.  Cambridge University Press, 1971, p. 24. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-521-07724-8" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-521-07724-8">ISBN 978-0-521-07724-8</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roman+Granaries+and+Store+Buildings&rft.aulast=Rickman&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.date=1971&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.pages=24&rft.isbn=978-0-521-07724-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaaI8AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA24"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Van_Oyen_2020_p._147-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Van_Oyen_2020_p._147_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFVan_Oyen2020"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Van Oyen</span>, A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=0kXhDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA147"><i>The Socio-Economics of Roman Storage: Agriculture, Trade, and Family</i></a>.  Cambridge University Press, 2020, p. 147. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-108-85145-9" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-108-85145-9">ISBN 978-1-108-85145-9</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Socio-Economics+of+Roman+Storage%3A+Agriculture%2C+Trade%2C+and+Family&rft.aulast=Van+Oyen&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.date=2020&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.pages=147&rft.isbn=978-1-108-85145-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0kXhDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA147"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Esparza_2015_p._281-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Esparza_2015_p._281_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFEsparza2015"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Esparza</span>, J.J.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=XRIACwAAQBAJ&pg=PT281"><i>La cruzada del océano: La gran aventura de la conquista de América</i></a> (en castellà).  LA ESFERA DE LOS LIBROS, S.L., 2015, p. 281. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-9060-282-9" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-9060-282-9">ISBN 978-84-9060-282-9</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+cruzada+del+oc%C3%A9ano%3A+La+gran+aventura+de+la+conquista+de+Am%C3%A9rica&rft.aulast=Esparza&rft.aufirst=J.J.&rft.date=2015&rft.pub=LA+ESFERA+DE+LOS+LIBROS%2C+S.L.&rft.pages=281&rft.isbn=978-84-9060-282-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXRIACwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT281"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Montaner_y_Simon_1872_p._159-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Montaner_y_Simon_1872_p._159_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=5cCO3Ku-rtEC&pg=PA159"><i>*Historia natural : la creacion: 1: Mamiferos</i></a> (en castellà).  Montaner y Simon, 1872, p. 159.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%2AHistoria+natural+%3A+la+creacion%3A+1%3A+Mamiferos&rft.date=1872&rft.pub=Montaner+y+Simon&rft.pages=159&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5cCO3Ku-rtEC%26pg%3DPA159"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Martínez_2007_p._63-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Martínez_2007_p._63_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFMartínez2007"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Martínez</span>, F.P.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=MrS0g7V2wqkC&pg=PA63"><i>Los fenicios: del monte Líbano a las columnas de Hércules</i></a> (en castellà).  Marcial Pons Historia, 2007, p. 63 (Estudios (Marcial Pons, Ediciones de Historia)). <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-96467-52-1" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-96467-52-1">ISBN 978-84-96467-52-1</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Los+fenicios%3A+del+monte+L%C3%ADbano+a+las+columnas+de+H%C3%A9rcules&rft.aulast=Mart%C3%ADnez&rft.aufirst=F.P.&rft.date=2007&rft.pub=Marcial+Pons+Historia&rft.pages=63&rft.series=Estudios+%28Marcial+Pons%2C+Ediciones+de+Historia%29&rft.isbn=978-84-96467-52-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMrS0g7V2wqkC%26pg%3DPA63"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bard_2015_p._187-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bard_2015_p._187_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFBard2015"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Bard</span>, K.A.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=lFscBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA187"><i>An Introduction to the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt</i></a>.  Wiley, 2015, p. 187. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-118-89611-2" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-118-89611-2">ISBN 978-1-118-89611-2</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+Archaeology+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.aulast=Bard&rft.aufirst=K.A.&rft.date=2015&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.pages=187&rft.isbn=978-1-118-89611-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlFscBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA187"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Romer_2016_p._293-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Romer_2016_p._293_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFRomer2016"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Romer</span>, J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=IaY7DAAAQBAJ&pg=PT293"><i>A History of Ancient Egypt, Volume 2: From the Great Pyramid to the Fall of the Middle Kingdom</i></a>.  Penguin Books Limited, 2016, p. 293. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-84614-380-9" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-84614-380-9">ISBN 978-1-84614-380-9</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ancient+Egypt%2C+Volume+2%3A+From+the+Great+Pyramid+to+the+Fall+of+the+Middle+Kingdom&rft.aulast=Romer&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.date=2016&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+Limited&rft.pages=293&rft.isbn=978-1-84614-380-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIaY7DAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT293"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tsakiridis_Bardi_2010_p._8-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Tsakiridis_Bardi_2010_p._8_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFTsakiridisBardi2010"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Tsakiridis</span>, D.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Bardi</span>, M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=OEi9TRjeX3oC&pg=PA8"><i>Art and Culture of Ancient Greece</i></a>.  Rosen Central, 2010, p. 8 (Ancient Art and Cultures). <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-4358-3590-0" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-4358-3590-0">ISBN 978-1-4358-3590-0</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+and+Culture+of+Ancient+Greece&rft.aulast=Tsakiridis&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.date=2010&rft.pub=Rosen+Central&rft.pages=8&rft.series=Ancient+Art+and+Cultures&rft.isbn=978-1-4358-3590-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOEi9TRjeX3oC%26pg%3DPA8"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Konstam_2013_p._68-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Konstam_2013_p._68_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFKonstam2013"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Konstam</span>, A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=Ia2dCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA68"><i>Naval Miscellany</i></a> (en italià).  Bloomsbury Publishing, 2013, p. 68. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-4728-0371-9" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-4728-0371-9">ISBN 978-1-4728-0371-9</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Naval+Miscellany&rft.aulast=Konstam&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.date=2013&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.pages=68&rft.isbn=978-1-4728-0371-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIa2dCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA68"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Economou_2023_p._65-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Economou_2023_p._65_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFEconomou2023"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Economou</span>, E.M.L.M.L.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=dR7QEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA65"><i>The Economy of Classical Athens: Organization, Institutions and Society</i></a>.  Taylor & Francis, 2023, p. 65 (Routledge Explorations in Economic History). <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-000-98403-3" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-000-98403-3">ISBN 978-1-000-98403-3</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Economy+of+Classical+Athens%3A+Organization%2C+Institutions+and+Society&rft.aulast=Economou&rft.aufirst=E.M.L.M.L.&rft.date=2023&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.pages=65&rft.series=Routledge+Explorations+in+Economic+History&rft.isbn=978-1-000-98403-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdR7QEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA65"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cummins_Mas_2022_p._30-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Cummins_Mas_2022_p._30_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFCumminsMas2022"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Cummins</span>, J.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Mas</span>, A.B.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=6SFZEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT30"><i>Grandes rivales de la historia</i></a> (en francès).  Arpa, 2022, p. 30. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-18741-37-1" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-18741-37-1">ISBN 978-84-18741-37-1</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grandes+rivales+de+la+historia&rft.aulast=Cummins&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.date=2022&rft.pub=Arpa&rft.pages=30&rft.isbn=978-84-18741-37-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6SFZEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT30"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guzmán_2013_p._49-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Guzmán_2013_p._49_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFGuzmán2013"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Guzmán</span>, J.O.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=--3qAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT49"><i>Breu història de l'antiga Roma</i></a>.  Editorial UOC, S.L., 2013, p. 49 (EPUBS). <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-9029-787-2" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-9029-787-2">ISBN 978-84-9029-787-2</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Breu+hist%C3%B2ria+de+l%27antiga+Roma&rft.aulast=Guzm%C3%A1n&rft.aufirst=J.O.&rft.date=2013&rft.pub=Editorial+UOC%2C+S.L.&rft.pages=49&rft.series=EPUBS&rft.isbn=978-84-9029-787-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D--3qAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT49"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Welsh_2011_q094-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Welsh_2011_q094_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Welsh</span>, Jennifer. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livescience.com/16201-rome-ancient-shipyard.html">Huge Ancient Roman Shipyard Unearthed in Italy</a>». <i>livescience.com</i>, 23-09-2011. [Consulta: 19 agost 2023].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-King_2015_p._173-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-King_2015_p._173_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFKing2015"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">King</span>, R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=opWsBwAAQBAJ&pg=PT173"><i>The Industrial Geography of Italy</i></a>.  Taylor & Francis, 2015, p. 173 (Routledge Library Editions: Economic Geography). <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-317-52110-5" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-317-52110-5">ISBN 978-1-317-52110-5</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Industrial+Geography+of+Italy&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.date=2015&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.pages=173&rft.series=Routledge+Library+Editions%3A+Economic+Geography&rft.isbn=978-1-317-52110-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DopWsBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT173"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guides_2022_p._44-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Guides_2022_p._44_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFGuides2022"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Guides</span>, F.T.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=KrB5EAAAQBAJ&pg=PT44"><i>Fodor's Venice</i></a>.  Fodor's Travel, 2022, p. 44 (Full-color Travel Guide). <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-64097-431-9" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-64097-431-9">ISBN 978-1-64097-431-9</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fodor%27s+Venice&rft.aulast=Guides&rft.aufirst=F.T.&rft.date=2022&rft.pub=Fodor%27s+Travel&rft.pages=44&rft.series=Full-color+Travel+Guide&rft.isbn=978-1-64097-431-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKrB5EAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT44"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dameto_Mut_Alemany_1841_p._2-PA327-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Dameto_Mut_Alemany_1841_p._2-PA327_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFDametoMutAlemany1841"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Dameto</span>, J.B.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Mut</span>, V.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Alemany</span>, G. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=K3g2OfrZCnoC&pg=RA2-PA327"><i>Historia general del reino de Mallorca</i></a> (en castellà).  J. Guasp y Pascual, 1841, p. 2-PA327 (Historia general del reino de Mallorca).</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+general+del+reino+de+Mallorca&rft.aulast=Dameto&rft.aufirst=J.B.&rft.date=1841&rft.pub=J.+Guasp+y+Pascual&rft.pages=2-PA327&rft.series=Historia+general+del+reino+de+Mallorca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK3g2OfrZCnoC%26pg%3DRA2-PA327"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-discovery.upc.edu_s365-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-discovery.upc.edu_s365_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Error: hi ha <i><b>títol</b></i> o <i><b>url</b></i>, però calen tots dos paràmetres.«». <i>discovery.upc.edu</i>. [Consulta: 20 agost 2023].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Catalans_2022_p._177-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Catalans_2022_p._177_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFCatalans2022"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Catalans</span>, I.E.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=do-cEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA177"><i>Diccionari d'economistes catalans (2a ed.)</i></a>.  Institut d'Estudis Catalans, 2022, p. 177. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-9965-678-6" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-9965-678-6">ISBN 978-84-9965-678-6</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diccionari+d%27economistes+catalans+%282a+ed.%29&rft.aulast=Catalans&rft.aufirst=I.E.&rft.date=2022&rft.pub=Institut+d%27Estudis+Catalans&rft.pages=177&rft.isbn=978-84-9965-678-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ddo-cEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA177"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-moll-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-moll_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://moll.mandevila.eu/trampa">DCVB: trampa</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-term-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-term_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.termcat.cat/ca/cercaterm/trampa?type=basic&thematic_area=&language=">Magatzem</a>». <i>Cercaterm</i>.  <a href="/wiki/TERMCAT" title="TERMCAT">TERMCAT</a>, Centre de Terminologia.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-opti-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-opti_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aplicacions.llengua.gencat.cat/llc/AppJava/index.html?action=Principal&method=cerca_generica&input_cercar=trampa&tipusCerca=cerca.tot">trampa</a> a <i><a href="/wiki/Optimot" title="Optimot">Optimot</a></i> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=0gs5r3ACH9IC&pg=PA73"><i>The Utah Journey</i></a>.  Gibbs Smith, p. 73–. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-4236-2384-7" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-4236-2384-7">ISBN 978-1-4236-2384-7</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Utah+Journey&rft.pub=Gibbs+Smith&rft.pages=73%E2%80%93&rft.isbn=978-1-4236-2384-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0gs5r3ACH9IC%26pg%3DPA73"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cache-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cache_27-0">27,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cache_27-1">27,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://user.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/museum/cache/cache.html">Xmission: The CACHE</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Raventós_Marés_2008_p._186-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Raventós_Marés_2008_p._186_28-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFRaventósMarés2008"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Raventós</span>, E.G.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Marés</span>, J.M.S.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=wmHdmTBzBUkC&pg=PA186"><i>Història agrària dels Països Catalans</i></a>.  Fundació Catalana per a la Recerca, 2008, p. 186 (Història agrària dels Països Catalans). <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-475-3284-1" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-475-3284-1">ISBN 978-84-475-3284-1</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hist%C3%B2ria+agr%C3%A0ria+dels+Pa%C3%AFsos+Catalans&rft.aulast=Ravent%C3%B3s&rft.aufirst=E.G.&rft.date=2008&rft.pub=Fundaci%C3%B3+Catalana+per+a+la+Recerca&rft.pages=186&rft.series=Hist%C3%B2ria+agr%C3%A0ria+dels+Pa%C3%AFsos+Catalans&rft.isbn=978-84-475-3284-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwmHdmTBzBUkC%26pg%3DPA186"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gobien_de_Querbeuf_Du_Halde_Maréchal_1819_p._392-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Gobien_de_Querbeuf_Du_Halde_Maréchal_1819_p._392_29-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFGobiende_QuerbeufDu_Halde1819"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Gobien</span>, C.L.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">de Querbeuf</span>, Y.M.M.T.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Du Halde</span>, J.B. [<i>et al.</i>].. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=liIPAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA392"><i>Lettres Édifiantes Et Curieuses, Écrites Des Missions Étrangères: Mémoires du Levant</i></a> (en francès).  J. Vernarel, 1819, p. 392 (Lettres Édifiantes Et Curieuses, Écrites Des Missions Étrangères).</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lettres+%C3%89difiantes+Et+Curieuses%2C+%C3%89crites+Des+Missions+%C3%89trang%C3%A8res%3A+M%C3%A9moires+du+Levant&rft.aulast=Gobien&rft.aufirst=C.L.&rft.date=1819&rft.pub=J.+Vernarel&rft.pages=392&rft.series=Lettres+%C3%89difiantes+Et+Curieuses%2C+%C3%89crites+Des+Missions+%C3%89trang%C3%A8res&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DliIPAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA392"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Orr_2008_p._79-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Orr_2008_p._79_30-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFOrr2008"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Orr</span>, M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=VRZREAAAQBAJ&pg=PA79"><i>Flaubert's Tentation: Remapping Nineteenth-Century French Histories of Religion and Science</i></a>.  OUP Oxford, 2008, p. 79. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-19-155532-9" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-19-155532-9">ISBN 978-0-19-155532-9</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flaubert%27s+Tentation%3A+Remapping+Nineteenth-Century+French+Histories+of+Religion+and+Science&rft.aulast=Orr&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.date=2008&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.pages=79&rft.isbn=978-0-19-155532-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVRZREAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA79"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bes_Carballido_2019_p._103-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bes_Carballido_2019_p._103_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFBesCarballido2019"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Bes</span>, J.M.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Carballido</span>, J.M.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=l_OdDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA103"><i>Les muralles de Tarragona: Defenses i fortificacions de la ciutat (segles II AC - XX DC)</i></a>.  Publicacions URV, 2019, p. 103 (Publicacions del CEHSGO). <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-8424-776-0" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-8424-776-0">ISBN 978-84-8424-776-0</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+muralles+de+Tarragona%3A+Defenses+i+fortificacions+de+la+ciutat+%28segles+II+AC+-+XX+DC%29&rft.aulast=Bes&rft.aufirst=J.M.&rft.date=2019&rft.pub=Publicacions+URV&rft.pages=103&rft.series=Publicacions+del+CEHSGO&rft.isbn=978-84-8424-776-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl_OdDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA103"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Llengua_catalana_o619-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Llengua_catalana_o619_32-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aplicacions.llengua.gencat.cat/llc/AppJava/index.html?action=Principal&method=detall&input_cercar=polvor%ED&numPagina=1&database=DIEC&idFont=53728&idHit=53728&tipusFont=%3CI%3EDiccionari+de+la+llengua+catalana%3C%2FI%3E+de+l%27Institut+d%27Estudis+Catalans+%282a+edici%F3%29&numeroResultat=1&databases_avansada=&categories_avansada=&clickLink=detall&títol=polvor%ED++&tematica=%28Totes%29&tipusCerca=cerca.tot">Optimot. Consultes lingüístiques</a>». <i>Llengua catalana</i>. [Consulta: 20 agost 2023].</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title=" since d’abril 2024" style="white-space: nowrap;"><i>[<a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Enlla%C3%A7os_externs#Manteniment_d'enllaços_externs" title="Viquipèdia:Enllaços externs">Enllaç no actiu</a>]</i></span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Browlee_1991_p._34-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Browlee_1991_p._34_33-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFBrowlee1991"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Browlee</span>, W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=TZlNZHbvM8gC&pg=PA34"><i>El Warrior</i></a>.  Ediciones Akal, 1991, p. 34 (Akal/Cambridge historia del mundo para jóvenes: Monografías). <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-7600-914-7" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-7600-914-7">ISBN 978-84-7600-914-7</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=El+Warrior&rft.aulast=Browlee&rft.aufirst=W.&rft.date=1991&rft.pub=Ediciones+Akal&rft.pages=34&rft.series=Akal%2FCambridge+historia+del+mundo+para+j%C3%B3venes%3A+Monograf%C3%ADas&rft.isbn=978-84-7600-914-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTZlNZHbvM8gC%26pg%3DPA34"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFJames1993"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">James</span>, Harrington. <i>Mejoramiento de los procesos de la empresa</i> (en castellà).  Bogotá, Colombia: Editorial McGraw-Hill Interamericana, 1993, p. 90, 148. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/958-600-168-7" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/958-600-168-7">ISBN 958-600-168-7</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mejoramiento+de+los+procesos+de+la+empresa&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Harrington&rft.date=1993&rft.pub=Editorial+McGraw-Hill+Interamericana&rft.place=Bogot%C3%A1%2C+Colombia&rft.pages=90%2C+148&rft.isbn=958-600-168-7"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vegeu_també"><span id="Vegeu_tamb.C3.A9"></span>Vegeu també</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magatzem&action=edit&section=21" title="Modifica la secció: Vegeu també"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre_de_distribuci%C3%B3" title="Centre de distribució">Centre de distribució</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log%C3%ADstica" title="Logística">Logística</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadena_de_subministrament" title="Cadena de subministrament">Cadena de subministrament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardamobles" title="Guardamobles">Guardamobles</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33663753">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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