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<!DOCTYPE html><html class="chalkbeat" lang="en" style="overflow-x:clip"><head><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/><title>Past budget choices, end of COVID relief driving Chicago Public Schools turmoil - Chalkbeat</title><meta name="description" content="The current leadership crisis at Chicago Public Schools can be traced back to at least 2019, when CPS agreed to a contract with the Chicago Teachers Union that leaders knew would be difficult to pay for."/><meta name="twitter:description" content="Chicago Public Schools needs to solve a complicated math problem, and leaders can't agree on how to do it."/><meta property="og:description" content="Chicago Public Schools needs to solve a complicated math problem, and leaders can't agree on how to do it."/><meta property="og:title" content="The COVID relief money that saved Chicago Public Schools’ budget is gone. Now CPS is in turmoil."/><meta name="twitter:title" content="The COVID relief money that saved Chicago Public Schools’ budget is gone. Now CPS is in turmoil."/><meta property="og:image" content="https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/U7UBSN3KGZGGBBGCMCFXF373QE.jpg?smart=true&auth=264ca71aab3ab5a688776b50f8328767505b915c6869c15bc727628666020ea3&width=1200&height=630"/><meta property="og:image:alt" content="A man with a low bun speaks into the microphone of a lectern, his back to the camera. Facing him, about six feet away on a shared, wooden and raised dais, are four school board members. From left to right is Joyce Chapman, Elizabeth Todd-Breland, Michael Scott Jr. and Paige Ponder. Behind the members is a sign that says "Board of Education" and "City of Chicago." "/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/U7UBSN3KGZGGBBGCMCFXF373QE.jpg?smart=true&auth=264ca71aab3ab5a688776b50f8328767505b915c6869c15bc727628666020ea3&width=1200&height=630"/><meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="A man with a low bun speaks into the microphone of a lectern, his back to the camera. Facing him, about six feet away on a shared, wooden and raised dais, are four school board members. From left to right is Joyce Chapman, Elizabeth Todd-Breland, Michael Scott Jr. and Paige Ponder. Behind the members is a sign that says "Board of Education" and "City of Chicago." 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href="/covid-stimulus">COVID Stimulus</a><a href="/national">National</a><a href="/chicago/budget-finance">Budget & finance</a></div><h1 class="b-headline">What’s at the heart of the turmoil at Chicago Public Schools? Money.</h1><div class="byline"><span class="author">By <div class="Page-byline"><div class="Page-authors"><a href="https://www.chalkbeat.org/authors/reema-amin">Reema Amin</a></div></div><span class="and">and</span><div class="Page-byline"><div class="Page-authors"><a href="https://www.chalkbeat.org/authors/erica-meltzer">Erica Meltzer</a></div></div></span><span class="separator"> | </span><span class="date">October 29, 2024, 8:23pm UTC</span></div></div><div class="twoColumn"><main class="main"><div class="share-bar"><ul><li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/dialog/share?app_id=735437511148430&display=popup&href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chalkbeat.org%2Fchicago%2F2024%2F10%2F29%2Fcps-turmoil-is-linked-to-budget-problems-end-of-federal-covid-relief%2F" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="facebook-share-button"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon-facebook"></use></svg></a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chalkbeat.org%2Fchicago%2F2024%2F10%2F29%2Fcps-turmoil-is-linked-to-budget-problems-end-of-federal-covid-relief%2F" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><svg><svg class="c-icon" width="22" height="22" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M389.2 48h70.6L305.6 224.2 487 464H345L233.7 318.6 106.5 464H35.8L200.7 275.5 26.8 48H172.4L272.9 180.9 389.2 48zM364.4 421.8h39.1L151.1 88h-42L364.4 421.8z"></path></svg></svg></a></li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chalkbeat.org%2Fchicago%2F2024%2F10%2F29%2Fcps-turmoil-is-linked-to-budget-problems-end-of-federal-covid-relief%2F" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="linkedin-share-button"><svg><svg class="c-icon" width="22" height="22" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M100.28 448H7.4V148.9h92.88zM53.79 108.1C24.09 108.1 0 83.5 0 53.8a53.79 53.79 0 0 1 107.58 0c0 29.7-24.1 54.3-53.79 54.3zM447.9 448h-92.68V302.4c0-34.7-.7-79.2-48.29-79.2-48.29 0-55.69 37.7-55.69 76.7V448h-92.78V148.9h89.08v40.8h1.3c12.4-23.5 42.69-48.3 87.88-48.3 94 0 111.28 61.9 111.28 142.3V448z"></path></svg></svg></a></li></ul><a class="republish-link" href="/republish/chicago/2024/10/29/cps-turmoil-is-linked-to-budget-problems-end-of-federal-covid-relief/">Republish</a></div><div class="b-lead-art"><figure class="c-media-item"><button aria-label="lead-art-block.fullscreen-enter" class="c-button c-button--medium c-button--default" type="button"><svg class="c-icon" width="48" height="48" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M480 344V456C480.008 459.154 479.393 462.278 478.189 465.194C476.986 468.109 475.218 470.758 472.988 472.988C470.758 475.218 468.109 476.986 465.194 478.189C462.278 479.393 459.154 480.008 456 480H344C322.61 480 311.91 454.1 327 439L363.2 402.8L256 295.6L148.77 402.9L185 439C200.09 454.1 189.39 480 168 480H56.0001C52.8461 480.008 49.7217 479.393 46.8063 478.189C43.8909 476.986 41.242 475.218 39.0119 472.988C36.7817 470.758 35.0142 468.109 33.8108 465.194C32.6075 462.278 31.9922 459.154 32.0001 456V344C32.0001 322.6 57.8901 311.9 73.0001 327L109.19 363.2L216.46 256L109.18 148.7L73.0001 185C57.9001 200.1 32.0001 189.4 32.0001 168V56.0001C31.9922 52.8461 32.6075 49.7217 33.8108 46.8063C35.0142 43.8909 36.7817 41.242 39.0119 39.0119C41.242 36.7817 43.8909 35.0142 46.8063 33.8108C49.7217 32.6075 52.8461 31.9922 56.0001 32.0001H168C189.39 32.0001 200.09 57.9001 185 73.0001L148.8 109.2L256 216.4L363.23 109.1L327 73.0001C311.91 57.9001 322.61 32.0001 344 32.0001H456C459.154 31.9922 462.278 32.6075 465.194 33.8108C468.109 35.0142 470.758 36.7817 472.988 39.0119C475.218 41.242 476.986 43.8909 478.189 46.8063C479.393 49.7217 480.008 52.8461 480 56.0001V168C480 189.4 454.11 200.1 439 185L402.81 148.8L295.54 256L402.82 363.3L439 327.1C454.1 311.9 480 322.6 480 344Z"></path></svg><span>Expand</span></button><div class="b-lead-art__image-wrapper"><img data-chromatic="ignore" alt="A man with a low bun speaks into the microphone of a lectern, his back to the camera. Facing him, about six feet away on a shared, wooden and raised dais, are four school board members. From left to right is Joyce Chapman, Elizabeth Todd-Breland, Michael Scott Jr. and Paige Ponder. Behind the members is a sign that says "Board of Education" and "City of Chicago." " class="c-image" loading="eager" src="https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/U7UBSN3KGZGGBBGCMCFXF373QE.jpg?focal=740%2C340&auth=264ca71aab3ab5a688776b50f8328767505b915c6869c15bc727628666020ea3&width=1500&height=1000" srcSet="https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/U7UBSN3KGZGGBBGCMCFXF373QE.jpg?focal=740%2C340&auth=264ca71aab3ab5a688776b50f8328767505b915c6869c15bc727628666020ea3&width=800&height=533 800w, https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/U7UBSN3KGZGGBBGCMCFXF373QE.jpg?focal=740%2C340&auth=264ca71aab3ab5a688776b50f8328767505b915c6869c15bc727628666020ea3&width=1600&height=1066 1600w" width="1500" height="1000"/></div><figcaption class="c-media-item__fig-caption"><span class="c-media-item__caption">Former Chicago Board of Education members listen to testimony from a member of the Chicago Teachers Union during a budget hearing for Chicago Public Schools for fiscal year 2024. CPS is now facing financial challenges that are fueling a leadership struggle for the district. </span><span class="c-media-item__credit">(Max Lubbers / Chalkbeat) </span></figcaption></figure></div><article class="default__ArticleBodyCivic-sc-1px4eze-2 bekrrS article-body-wrapper"><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph"><i>Sign up for </i><a href="https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/newsletters/subscribe/"><i>Chalkbeat Chicago’s free daily newsletter</i></a><i> to keep up with the latest education news</i></p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">The upheaval engulfing Chicago Public Schools didn’t start when Mayor Brandon Johnson prodded schools CEO Pedro Martinez <a href="https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2024/09/20/johnson-asks-martinez-to-resign-cps/" target="_blank">to step down</a> last month. Or when the <a href="https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2024/10/04/cps-school-board-members-resign-amid-johnson-martinez-tensions/">entire school board resigned</a> at once. Or when Johnson <a href="https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2024/10/07/chicago-school-board-crisis-grows-as-mayor-picks-new-members/">swiftly appointed new members</a> “tasked to carry out the vision that I have for public education in this city.”</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">And the disagreements roiling the school system just weeks before voters choose the first members of a new elected board aren’t just about whether the city should take out a short-term, high-interest loan to cover pension payments.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">In many ways, the conflict can be traced back to pivotal decisions made five years ago. The district agreed to an ambitious new teachers union contract after a bruising 2019 strike that followed years of struggles to balance the budget. The <a href="https://www.chalkbeat.org/2019/10/8/21109097/chicago-where-the-teachers-union-s-demands-extend-far-past-salary-is-the-latest-front-for-common-goo/">Chicago Teachers Union</a> successfully made the case that more staff earning higher salaries would help students in schools that lacked the resources to meet their needs.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">But even then, leaders <a href="https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2019/11/12/21109257/here-s-how-much-chicago-s-tentative-deals-with-ctu-seiu-will-cost-taxpayers/">were unsure how they would pay</a> for all the new staff positions and salary increases over the life of the contract. Federal pandemic aid came to the district’s rescue, allowing Chicago Public Schools to cover the contract, hire more staff, and make investments that many educators and community members felt were long overdue.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph"><a href="https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2024/04/10/chicago-covid-relief-dollars-budgets-schools/">Now that money is going away</a>, leaving the district with a math problem it hasn’t yet decided how to solve.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">Districts around the country are facing difficult choices about which programs to keep and whether to lay off employees, but Johnson has said he’s not interested in making cuts. And he has a narrowing window in which to push through a loan that would temporarily avoid cuts or find another solution.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">This is playing out in a city where decades of fraught education politics have eroded trust. Chicago provides a stark example of the challenges many districts are facing with the expiration of federal COVID relief money, declining enrollment, and larger payrolls. How Chicago resolves the crisis could mean cuts to staff and programming now or taking on debt that could impact how much money is available for future generations.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">“Right now all the key players are attacking one another and looking for the immediate battles to fight and win,” said Kenneth Wong, professor of education policy at Brown University. “But the core of this debate is about whether Chicago Public Schools are going to be better off as a result of these decisions and is the city going to benefit from a higher-quality Chicago Public Schools as a result of these decisions.”</p><h2 class="heading__StyledHeading-sc-1j4fz6r-0 kfcagw">Chicago school budget problems built for years</h2><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">Struggling to pay for things is not new for Chicago Public Schools. In the 1990s, then-CEO Paul Vallas deferred pension payments to balance an anticipated $1.4 billion budget deficit.</p><div id="arcad-feature-f0fyX8YAbnB12a9-c9e8d5841ed31" class="c-stack b-ads-block" data-style-direction="vertical" data-style-justification="start" data-style-alignment="center" data-style-inline="false" data-style-wrap="nowrap"><div class="advertisement-link-wrapper"><a href="/pages/chalkbeat-media-kit/" target="_blank" class="advertisement-link" rel="noopener noreferrer">Become a Chalkbeat sponsor</a></div><div style="text-align:center;min-height:90px"><div id="arcad_f0fyX8YAbnB12a9-c9e8d5841ed31"></div></div></div><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">The district also took out a series of emergency loans to deal with budget shortfalls between 2016 and 2018. According to the district, it still owes $2.1 billion on those loans, including $200 million this year alone.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">Chicago Public Schools won a partial reprieve to its school funding struggles in 2017 when the state of Illinois revamped its funding formula to <a href="https://civicfed.org/civic-federation/blog/what-new-illinois-school-funding-formula-means-chicago-public-schools">send more money to districts with higher needs</a>. State funding makes up a quarter of the district’s operating budget.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">But if the state continues with its current rate of annual increases, it won’t fully fund the formula until at least 2034, according to a <a href="https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2024/05/15/illinois-needs-to-add-more-funding-for-schools-report-says/">report from the Center for Tax and Budget Accountability.</a></p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">Five years ago, as the Chicago Teachers Union fought for a <a href="https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2019/10/30/21109159/chicago-and-union-reach-tentative-pact-but-teachers-say-an-end-to-strike-hinges-on-making-up-days/">wide-ranging contract</a> that led to an 11-day strike, it was unclear <a href="https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2019/10/23/21109125/the-fight-at-the-heart-of-the-chicago-teachers-strike-how-much-the-city-can-spend/">how the city or district would pay for all of the demands.</a> At the time, union president Stacy Davis Gates accused then Mayor Lori Lightfoot’s administration of not kicking in enough city money to properly fund the district.</p><figure class="c-media-item article-body-image-container"><img data-chromatic="ignore" alt="" class="c-image" loading="lazy" src="https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/UCU2AUQU6ZHHPDXAA6CHXVMLVM.jpg?auth=bfce42f267a118809ec720f72ee2f944becee2859dae6055693671affb79547d&quality=85&width=800&height=533" srcSet="https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/UCU2AUQU6ZHHPDXAA6CHXVMLVM.jpg?auth=bfce42f267a118809ec720f72ee2f944becee2859dae6055693671affb79547d&quality=85&width=274&height=182 274w, https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/UCU2AUQU6ZHHPDXAA6CHXVMLVM.jpg?auth=bfce42f267a118809ec720f72ee2f944becee2859dae6055693671affb79547d&quality=85&width=400&height=266 400w, https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/UCU2AUQU6ZHHPDXAA6CHXVMLVM.jpg?auth=bfce42f267a118809ec720f72ee2f944becee2859dae6055693671affb79547d&quality=85&width=768&height=511 768w, https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/UCU2AUQU6ZHHPDXAA6CHXVMLVM.jpg?auth=bfce42f267a118809ec720f72ee2f944becee2859dae6055693671affb79547d&quality=85&width=1024&height=682 1024w, https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/UCU2AUQU6ZHHPDXAA6CHXVMLVM.jpg?auth=bfce42f267a118809ec720f72ee2f944becee2859dae6055693671affb79547d&quality=85&width=1440&height=959 1440w" width="800" height="533"/><figcaption class="c-media-item__fig-caption"><span class="c-media-item__caption">Thousands of educators and CPS support staff flood Chicago streets near City Hall on the fifth day of the 2019 strike. </span><span class="c-media-item__credit">(Ariel Cheung / Block Club Chicago) </span></figcaption></figure><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">While the deal fell short of some of the union’s biggest goals, it required the district to hire more staff, including social workers and nurses, raise salaries, and commit to lowering class sizes. In total, the contract was expected to <a href="https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2019/11/12/21109257/here-s-how-much-chicago-s-tentative-deals-with-ctu-seiu-will-cost-taxpayers/">cost $1.5 billion</a> over its five-year lifetime.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">Two credit rating agencies called the costs “manageable,” but Standard and Poor’s issued a warning: The district’s expenses could outpace how much money it actually had on hand, and that could degrade the district’s already junk bond rating status.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">Five months after the contract was finalized, COVID-19 hit.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">At a recent press conference, Gates acknowledged the $2.8 billion the district received in federal pandemic relief was critical to paying for the 2019 contract, which she credits with helping bring academic gains.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">“We <a href="https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2022/2/11/22927568/chicago-public-schools-federal-covid-relief-american-rescue-plan-spending/">received that money from [federal COVID relief] funds</a> because the Chicago Public Schools has never been funded at the rate in which it needed to be funded, ever,” she said.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">Federal COVID relief funding helped pay for the teachers union contract, launch new academic recovery programs, and sustain current programs that otherwise may have been pared down or cut. In the spring of last school year, a Chalkbeat analysis of spending found an <a href="https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2024/04/10/chicago-covid-relief-dollars-budgets-schools/">average 7% of Chicago’s school budgets</a> were made up of COVID dollars.</p><div id="arcad-feature-f0frQJECbnB129r-16825d6208abcb" class="c-stack b-ads-block" data-style-direction="vertical" data-style-justification="start" data-style-alignment="center" data-style-inline="false" data-style-wrap="nowrap"><div class="advertisement-link-wrapper"><a href="/pages/chalkbeat-media-kit/" target="_blank" class="advertisement-link" rel="noopener noreferrer">Become a Chalkbeat sponsor</a></div><div style="text-align:center;min-height:90px"><div id="arcad_f0frQJECbnB129r-16825d6208abcb"></div></div></div><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">CPS <a href="https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2022/12/9/23500744/chicago-public-schools-social-worker-student-mental-health-covid-trauma-support-services/">doubled the number</a> of social workers and added <a href="https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2023/5/25/23729023/chicago-public-schools-academic-interventionist-covid-learning-recovery/">hundreds more interventionists</a> who work with students struggling in core subjects. The money also went toward a slew of other initiatives, including limiting class sizes and growing <a href="https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2024/01/29/chicago-public-schools-used-covid-dollars-on-prek/">its universal preschool program</a>. It helped the district paper over longstanding deficits that have plagued its budget for many years.</p><figure class="c-media-item article-body-image-container"><img data-chromatic="ignore" alt="A woman with dark hair in a bun sits at a table with a student in yellow." class="c-image" loading="lazy" src="https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/PCQF3VN55JGKNOXZN53A2MT4YM.jpg?auth=e267b7d3ca65f479a980a56cf7d586a8dd1b25e223faa9f81ce804232ac1e76c&quality=85&width=800&height=573" srcSet="https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/PCQF3VN55JGKNOXZN53A2MT4YM.jpg?auth=e267b7d3ca65f479a980a56cf7d586a8dd1b25e223faa9f81ce804232ac1e76c&quality=85&width=274&height=196 274w, https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/PCQF3VN55JGKNOXZN53A2MT4YM.jpg?auth=e267b7d3ca65f479a980a56cf7d586a8dd1b25e223faa9f81ce804232ac1e76c&quality=85&width=400&height=286 400w, https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/PCQF3VN55JGKNOXZN53A2MT4YM.jpg?auth=e267b7d3ca65f479a980a56cf7d586a8dd1b25e223faa9f81ce804232ac1e76c&quality=85&width=768&height=550 768w, https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/PCQF3VN55JGKNOXZN53A2MT4YM.jpg?auth=e267b7d3ca65f479a980a56cf7d586a8dd1b25e223faa9f81ce804232ac1e76c&quality=85&width=1024&height=733 1024w, https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/PCQF3VN55JGKNOXZN53A2MT4YM.jpg?auth=e267b7d3ca65f479a980a56cf7d586a8dd1b25e223faa9f81ce804232ac1e76c&quality=85&width=1440&height=1031 1440w" width="800" height="573"/><figcaption class="c-media-item__fig-caption"><span class="c-media-item__caption">An interventionist at Chicago’s Brunson Elementary School works with a student on multiplication and division using flashcards. CPS hired hundreds of these specialists using federal COVID relief money. </span></figcaption></figure><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">Between 2019 and this fall, the district said it has hired more than 6,500 additional staffers, including 2,600 teachers and 4,000 paraprofessionals. Today, the district’s budget is roughly $10 billion – a nearly 30% increase in five years — even as the district is serving fewer students.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">Paul Bruno, assistant professor of educational policy, leadership, and organization at University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, said Chicago is not alone. Districts around the country have added staff for reasons that need more research. Employing more people makes it harder to raise pay, and with more spots to fill, districts can struggle to hire only the best candidates or fill all their positions. Bruno said it’s not clear that it’s always in the best interests of students.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">School leaders <a href="https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2024/04/10/chicago-covid-relief-dollars-budgets-schools/">previously told Chalkbeat that the extra money helped</a> their schools provide more after-school programs to children and beef up academic support in ways they never had the flexibility to do.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">“Winning the lottery is what it felt like,” one former school administrator said. “Everything your kid ever asked for, you could give them.”</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">The federal dollars dried up last month, and the loss of that money helped create a more than half-billion-dollar deficit for CPS. The district closed that budget gap through central office cuts and other savings, but it did not budget for big costs coming its way in the next union contract or in pension obligations. District and city officials pressed the state for more funds, but state leaders refused.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">At a recent City Council hearing, Martinez acknowledged that he’s been criticized for spending one-time money on long-term personnel expenses. Knowing that federal COVID money would expire, <a href="https://www.chalkbeat.org/2024/07/01/high-poverty-schools-spent-greater-share-of-covid-aid-on-buildings/">some districts invested in facilities</a> or hired people on short-term contracts, while others followed Chicago’s approach of hiring more permanent staff.</p><figure class="c-media-item article-body-image-container"><img data-chromatic="ignore" alt="" class="c-image" loading="lazy" src="https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/KXFDVO5FBNAGXO6AG5RF7ZCEYE.jpg?auth=8f7489741264e630e82a4cf5096235f3e3dce070cad1047687457ef5aa6a4b8b&quality=85&width=800&height=533" srcSet="https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/KXFDVO5FBNAGXO6AG5RF7ZCEYE.jpg?auth=8f7489741264e630e82a4cf5096235f3e3dce070cad1047687457ef5aa6a4b8b&quality=85&width=274&height=182 274w, https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/KXFDVO5FBNAGXO6AG5RF7ZCEYE.jpg?auth=8f7489741264e630e82a4cf5096235f3e3dce070cad1047687457ef5aa6a4b8b&quality=85&width=400&height=266 400w, https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/KXFDVO5FBNAGXO6AG5RF7ZCEYE.jpg?auth=8f7489741264e630e82a4cf5096235f3e3dce070cad1047687457ef5aa6a4b8b&quality=85&width=768&height=511 768w, https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/KXFDVO5FBNAGXO6AG5RF7ZCEYE.jpg?auth=8f7489741264e630e82a4cf5096235f3e3dce070cad1047687457ef5aa6a4b8b&quality=85&width=1024&height=682 1024w, https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/KXFDVO5FBNAGXO6AG5RF7ZCEYE.jpg?auth=8f7489741264e630e82a4cf5096235f3e3dce070cad1047687457ef5aa6a4b8b&quality=85&width=1440&height=959 1440w" width="800" height="533"/><figcaption class="c-media-item__fig-caption"><span class="c-media-item__caption">CPS CEO Pedro Martinez speaks at a hearing regarding the Chicago Board of Education at City Hall on Oct. 16, 2024. </span></figcaption></figure><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">Martinez argued that the additional investments helped the district see “gains we have not seen before, and we are seeing more of our students graduating with a real shot of having economic mobility.”</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">Chicago’s reading scores <a href="https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2024/02/19/chicago-public-schools-reading-scores-pandemic-recovery-growth/">recovered faster than many other large urban school districts</a>, according to <a href="https://www.chalkbeat.org/2024/02/05/learning-loss-study-finds-surprising-academic-recovery-growing-inequality/">one study from Harvard and Stanford</a> that the district has cited frequently while making its case for more funding.</p><h2 class="heading__StyledHeading-sc-1j4fz6r-0 kfcagw">Johnson committed to avoiding cuts</h2><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">Now the district and the teachers union are at the bargaining table again, with the union pushing for 9% raises for teachers, along with <a href="https://www.chalkbeat.org/2019/10/8/21109097/chicago-where-the-teachers-union-s-demands-extend-far-past-salary-is-the-latest-front-for-common-goo/">“common good” proposals</a> such as affordable housing for homeless students. The district says paying for just a portion of the union’s wide-ranging proposals would create <a href="https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2024/08/14/public-schools-teachers-union-labor-contract-talks-deficit-morgan-park/">a $4 billion deficit</a> by the 2029-30 school year. CPS has already offered 4% raises, but the two parties are now in mediation.</p><div id="arcad-feature-f0f3ByjEbnB12yW-17b39ba842072d" class="c-stack b-ads-block" data-style-direction="vertical" data-style-justification="start" data-style-alignment="center" data-style-inline="false" data-style-wrap="nowrap"><div class="advertisement-link-wrapper"><a href="/pages/chalkbeat-media-kit/" target="_blank" class="advertisement-link" rel="noopener noreferrer">Become a Chalkbeat sponsor</a></div><div style="text-align:center;min-height:90px"><div id="arcad_f0f3ByjEbnB12yW-17b39ba842072d"></div></div></div><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">Another looming cost is pensions for non-teaching staff. Former Mayor Lightfoot shifted a portion of pension costs onto the district in 2020, a practice Mayor Johnson has tried to continue. But so far this year, the district has refused to pay a $175 million contribution to the municipal pension fund, putting the city on the hook as it faces its own deficit.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">To cover the cost of pensions and the union contracts, Johnson’s office has pushed CPS to take out <a href="https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2024/07/12/chicago-public-schools-should-take-out-loan-to-cover-costs/">a short-term loan.</a> The district has refused, citing concerns that such a loan would come with high interest rates and saddle CPS with more debt down the road. Martinez asked the mayor to dedicate more funds from special taxing districts, known as TIFs, to cover the pension cost.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">At stake is how much money the district will have to invest in classrooms and salaries now versus in the future. The disagreement could yet cost Martinez his job.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">Johnson’s presence in the mayor’s office looms large over the negotiations. Johnson is a former classroom teacher and union organizer who got his start in politics working to oppose school closures. <a href="https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2023/3/14/23640368/chicago-mayor-election-runoff-public-schools-brandon-johnson-teachers-union-paul-vallas/">On the campaign trail,</a> Johnson called for fully funded schools. In an interview earlier this month with WBEZ, he was <a href="https://www.wbez.org/education/2024/10/07/mayor-johnson-deflects-criticism-on-school-board-resignations-argues-hes-preventing-cps-budget-cuts">adamant that CPS should not make cuts</a> — as most other districts in Chicago’s position are planning.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">“Guess who loses when we cut schools?” he said. “Black and brown children. I don’t want Black and brown children to lose under my administration. In fact, they’re not going to lose under my administration.”</p><figure class="c-media-item article-body-image-container"><img data-chromatic="ignore" alt="Man in suit raises right hand surrounded by supporters" class="c-image" loading="lazy" src="https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/YLHAC4K7VJDCNGQPZAXLVOULWU.jpg?auth=1cda2bdbbb7bc0816db049971502d046eca8cba20eee8de96fbe610973243d9c&quality=85&width=800&height=591" srcSet="https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/YLHAC4K7VJDCNGQPZAXLVOULWU.jpg?auth=1cda2bdbbb7bc0816db049971502d046eca8cba20eee8de96fbe610973243d9c&quality=85&width=274&height=202 274w, https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/YLHAC4K7VJDCNGQPZAXLVOULWU.jpg?auth=1cda2bdbbb7bc0816db049971502d046eca8cba20eee8de96fbe610973243d9c&quality=85&width=400&height=295 400w, https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/YLHAC4K7VJDCNGQPZAXLVOULWU.jpg?auth=1cda2bdbbb7bc0816db049971502d046eca8cba20eee8de96fbe610973243d9c&quality=85&width=768&height=567 768w, https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/YLHAC4K7VJDCNGQPZAXLVOULWU.jpg?auth=1cda2bdbbb7bc0816db049971502d046eca8cba20eee8de96fbe610973243d9c&quality=85&width=1024&height=756 1024w, https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/YLHAC4K7VJDCNGQPZAXLVOULWU.jpg?auth=1cda2bdbbb7bc0816db049971502d046eca8cba20eee8de96fbe610973243d9c&quality=85&width=1440&height=1063 1440w" width="800" height="591"/><figcaption class="c-media-item__fig-caption"><span class="c-media-item__caption">Chicago Mayor Brandon Johnson, then a Cook County commissioner, kicks off his mayoral campaign, flanked by more than 100 supporters, elected officials, and union leaders near the site of the former Cabrini Green and Jenner Elementary school. </span><span class="c-media-item__credit">(Mauricio Pena / Chalkbeat) </span></figcaption></figure><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">“The new mayor is probably closer to the unions than any mayor in history and he’s committed to raising salaries substantially,” said Thomas Toch, director of Future Ed, an education think tank at Georgetown University that focuses on underserved students.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">Spending more on teachers helps students most when districts spend on better-performing teachers and those in hard-to-fill subjects, Toch said, strategies teachers unions generally oppose. At the same time, Chicago stands out among large, urban districts for its investments in high-impact tutoring and the academic gains students have made in recent years.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">If Chicago makes major cuts now, “there is a significant risk of losing that positive momentum,” Toch said.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">Sally Nuamah, a professor at Northwestern University who has studied Chicago Public Schools, said Johnson faces a decision: “Will he be the progressive, activist mayor that he ran on being? Or will he acquiesce?”</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">Nuamah noted that the dispute in Chicago doesn’t seem to be about whether to cut but how to find additional money.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">If Chicago can find a way to fund these investments into the future, other districts would pay attention, Nuamah said. But historically, taking on debt for ongoing costs has been dangerous for school systems.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">It will now be up to the new and future board members to untangle the district’s financial issues.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">For the first time in Chicago’s history, voters will choose 10 elected school board members on Nov. 5. The school board will expand to a total of 21 members, with the remaining 11 chosen by the mayor. The board will become fully elected in 2027.</p><h4 class="heading__StyledHeading-sc-1j4fz6r-0 kfcagw"><b>Related:</b> <a href="https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2024/09/25/cps-school-board-november-election-voter-guide-meet-the-candidates/" target="_blank">Everything you need to know about Chicago’s 2024 school board election</a></h4><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">Voters could choose school board members aligned with the mayor’s vision or elect people more inclined to push back.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">Before the election, <a href="https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2024/10/24/cps-public-schools-board-johnson-martinez/">Johnnson’s new appointees</a> could fire Martinez. Asked whether it plans to do that, school board president the Rev. Mitchell Ikenna Johnson declined to answer, calling it “a silly question.”</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">The prospect of leadership change could be driving some of the turmoil, said Bruno, the University of Illinois professor.</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph">“There’s an urgency from the city’s perspective to make as many policy decisions as possible before the power dynamics change,” he said. “Johnson wants to impose more of his own agenda and that sense of urgency might be exacerbating things.”</p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph"><i>Reema Amin is a reporter covering Chicago Public Schools. Contact Reema at </i><a href="mailto:ramin@chalkbeat.org"><i>ramin@chalkbeat.org</i></a><i>.</i></p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph"><i>Erica Meltzer is Chalkbeat’s national editor based in Colorado. Contact Erica at </i><a href="mailto:emeltzer@chalkbeat.org"><i>emeltzer@chalkbeat.org</i></a><i>.</i></p><p class="default__StyledText-sc-1px4eze-0 fAQmnu body-paragraph"><br/></p></article><div id="fusion-static-enter:html-block-f0fUlA3NbnB12xt" style="display:none" data-fusion-component="html-block-f0fUlA3NbnB12xt"></div><div><div class="PageList-header"> <svg class="PageList-header-squiggly"><use xlink:href="#squiggly"></use></svg> <div class="PageList-header-title-wrap"> <div class="PageList-header-title">The Latest</div> </div> </div></div><div id="fusion-static-exit:html-block-f0fUlA3NbnB12xt" style="display:none" data-fusion-component="html-block-f0fUlA3NbnB12xt"></div><div class="List"><div class="results-list-container"><div class="PageListH-items-item "><div class="PagePromo-standard"><div class="PagePromo-media"><figure class="c-media-item"><a class="c-link" 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Here are some major events in their history.</p></div><div class="PagePromo-byline"><div class="PagePromo-author"><div class="byline"><span class="author">By <div class="Page-byline"><div class="Page-authors"><a href="https://www.chalkbeat.org/authors/hannah-dellinger">Hannah Dellinger</a></div></div></span><span class="separator"> | </span><span class="date">November 22</span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="PageListH-items-item "><div class="PagePromo-standard"><div class="PagePromo-media"><figure class="c-media-item"><a class="c-link" href="/indiana/2024/11/22/indianapolis-public-schools-board-approves-renewal-innovation-agreements/" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><img data-chromatic="ignore" alt="IPS board renews agreements with six Innovation schools, noting need for continuous monitoring" class="c-image" loading="lazy" src="https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/3NT4PJAEN5FSZLH2I4F7EL6FCI.jpg?auth=fc1595357b7139037ab827198bfefef4d948e2681aa22a3c3ed7912a4ee257d3&smart=true&width=377&height=212" srcSet="https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/3NT4PJAEN5FSZLH2I4F7EL6FCI.jpg?auth=fc1595357b7139037ab827198bfefef4d948e2681aa22a3c3ed7912a4ee257d3&smart=true&width=100&height=56 100w, https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/3NT4PJAEN5FSZLH2I4F7EL6FCI.jpg?auth=fc1595357b7139037ab827198bfefef4d948e2681aa22a3c3ed7912a4ee257d3&smart=true&width=377&height=212 377w, https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/3NT4PJAEN5FSZLH2I4F7EL6FCI.jpg?auth=fc1595357b7139037ab827198bfefef4d948e2681aa22a3c3ed7912a4ee257d3&smart=true&width=600&height=337 600w" sizes="(max-width: 1100px) 50vw, 228px" width="377" height="212"/></a></figure></div><div class="PagePromo-content"><div class="PagePromo-title"><a href="/indiana/2024/11/22/indianapolis-public-schools-board-approves-renewal-innovation-agreements/" title="IPS board renews agreements with six Innovation schools, noting need for continuous monitoring">IPS board renews agreements with six Innovation schools, noting need for continuous monitoring</a></div><div class="PagePromo-description"><p>The schools as a whole show mixed results on tests such as the state’s ILEARN and IREAD exams.</p></div><div class="PagePromo-byline"><div class="PagePromo-author"><div class="byline"><span class="author">By <div class="Page-byline"><div class="Page-authors"><a href="https://www.chalkbeat.org/authors/amelia-pak-harvey">Amelia Pak-Harvey</a></div></div></span><span class="separator"> | </span><span class="date">November 22</span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="PageListH-items-item "><div class="PagePromo-standard"><div class="PagePromo-media"><figure class="c-media-item"><a class="c-link" href="/philadelphia/2024/11/22/76ers-arena-clears-first-hurdle-with-school-board-vote/" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><img data-chromatic="ignore" alt="76ers arena proposal clears key hurdle in Philadelphia. Next up is the City Council." class="c-image" loading="lazy" src="https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/JYCRMGXXXFFJLJNMRXJ5FNELIE.jpg?auth=f4bf1ae0a0ee2d1e90a85b0573def6d641e9564fdf79a9dfc794056302c627d4&smart=true&width=377&height=212" srcSet="https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/JYCRMGXXXFFJLJNMRXJ5FNELIE.jpg?auth=f4bf1ae0a0ee2d1e90a85b0573def6d641e9564fdf79a9dfc794056302c627d4&smart=true&width=100&height=56 100w, https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/JYCRMGXXXFFJLJNMRXJ5FNELIE.jpg?auth=f4bf1ae0a0ee2d1e90a85b0573def6d641e9564fdf79a9dfc794056302c627d4&smart=true&width=377&height=212 377w, https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/JYCRMGXXXFFJLJNMRXJ5FNELIE.jpg?auth=f4bf1ae0a0ee2d1e90a85b0573def6d641e9564fdf79a9dfc794056302c627d4&smart=true&width=600&height=337 600w" sizes="(max-width: 1100px) 50vw, 228px" width="377" height="212"/></a></figure></div><div class="PagePromo-content"><div class="PagePromo-title"><a href="/philadelphia/2024/11/22/76ers-arena-clears-first-hurdle-with-school-board-vote/" title="76ers arena proposal clears key hurdle in Philadelphia. Next up is the City Council.">76ers arena proposal clears key hurdle in Philadelphia. Next up is the City Council.</a></div><div class="PagePromo-description"><p>The school board voted 7-2 to approve the agreement over the protestations of members of the public and two board members who said they wanted more time to consider the implications.</p></div><div class="PagePromo-byline"><div class="PagePromo-author"><div class="byline"><span class="author">By <div class="Page-byline"><div class="Page-authors"><a href="https://www.chalkbeat.org/authors/carly-sitrin">Carly Sitrin</a></div></div><span class="and">and</span><div class="Page-byline"><div class="Page-authors"><a href="https://www.chalkbeat.org/authors/dale-mezzacappa">Dale Mezzacappa</a></div></div></span><span class="separator"> | </span><span class="date">November 22</span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="PageListH-items-item "><div class="PagePromo-standard"><div class="PagePromo-media"><figure class="c-media-item"><a class="c-link" href="/colorado/2024/11/22/denver-school-closures-board-votes-to-shutter-or-shrink-10-schools/" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><img data-chromatic="ignore" alt="Denver school closures: Board votes to shutter 7 schools, shrink 3 more" class="c-image" loading="lazy" src="https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/6EUZKKB2KBF5RCJLPIRSWIVUKM.jpg?auth=3db20edcb7170d3901358c38dc6ba481c0756694fdac809db029f1c050a4c247&smart=true&width=377&height=212" srcSet="https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/6EUZKKB2KBF5RCJLPIRSWIVUKM.jpg?auth=3db20edcb7170d3901358c38dc6ba481c0756694fdac809db029f1c050a4c247&smart=true&width=100&height=56 100w, https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/6EUZKKB2KBF5RCJLPIRSWIVUKM.jpg?auth=3db20edcb7170d3901358c38dc6ba481c0756694fdac809db029f1c050a4c247&smart=true&width=377&height=212 377w, https://www.chalkbeat.org/resizer/v2/6EUZKKB2KBF5RCJLPIRSWIVUKM.jpg?auth=3db20edcb7170d3901358c38dc6ba481c0756694fdac809db029f1c050a4c247&smart=true&width=600&height=337 600w" sizes="(max-width: 1100px) 50vw, 228px" width="377" height="212"/></a></figure></div><div class="PagePromo-content"><div class="PagePromo-title"><a href="/colorado/2024/11/22/denver-school-closures-board-votes-to-shutter-or-shrink-10-schools/" title="Denver school closures: Board votes to shutter 7 schools, shrink 3 more">Denver school closures: Board votes to shutter 7 schools, shrink 3 more</a></div><div class="PagePromo-description"><p>The move is meant to address declining enrollment.</p></div><div class="PagePromo-byline"><div class="PagePromo-author"><div class="byline"><span class="author">By <div class="Page-byline"><div class="Page-authors"><a href="https://www.chalkbeat.org/authors/melanie-asmar">Melanie Asmar</a></div></div></span><span class="separator"> | </span><span class="date">November 22</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><aside><div id="arcad-feature-f0fr6MoiUaJgyV-1550ff1019e40d" class="c-stack b-ads-block" data-style-direction="vertical" data-style-justification="start" data-style-alignment="center" data-style-inline="false" data-style-wrap="nowrap"><div class="advertisement-link-wrapper"><a href="/pages/chalkbeat-media-kit/" target="_blank" class="advertisement-link" rel="noopener noreferrer">Become a Chalkbeat sponsor</a></div><div style="text-align:center;min-height:600px"><div id="arcad_f0fr6MoiUaJgyV-1550ff1019e40d"></div></div></div><div class="newsletter-breaker-wrapper vertical"><div class="newsletter-feature"><div class="info"><img src="/pf/resources/images/chalkbeat/icon-news.svg?d=135" alt="Thousands of Chicagoans are getting a 3-minute rundown of the city's big education stories and statewide policy changes every weekday morning. 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news</i>","type":"text"},{"_id":"BMVKTQ3OYNCW3EINXD77SGAD2A","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248719},"content":"The upheaval engulfing Chicago Public Schools didn’t start when Mayor Brandon Johnson prodded schools CEO Pedro Martinez <a href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2024/09/20/johnson-asks-martinez-to-resign-cps/\" target=\"_blank\">to step down</a> last month. Or when the <a href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2024/10/04/cps-school-board-members-resign-amid-johnson-martinez-tensions/\">entire school board resigned</a> at once. Or when Johnson <a href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2024/10/07/chicago-school-board-crisis-grows-as-mayor-picks-new-members/\">swiftly appointed new members</a> “tasked to carry out the vision that I have for public education in this city.”","type":"text"},{"_id":"ICRGNOAVANARHGWMBKMTLDISCQ","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248720},"content":"And the disagreements roiling the school system just weeks before voters choose the first members of a new elected board aren’t just about whether the city should take out a short-term, high-interest loan to cover pension payments.","type":"text"},{"_id":"UOFYH5YSJNF67M6FEYAPZOSTMA","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248721},"content":"In many ways, the conflict can be traced back to pivotal decisions made five years ago. The district agreed to an ambitious new teachers union contract after a bruising 2019 strike that followed years of struggles to balance the budget. The <a href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/2019/10/8/21109097/chicago-where-the-teachers-union-s-demands-extend-far-past-salary-is-the-latest-front-for-common-goo/\">Chicago Teachers Union</a> successfully made the case that more staff earning higher salaries would help students in schools that lacked the resources to meet their needs.","type":"text"},{"_id":"RFUIFKYVHNEFHIYXG4QUH7IZ3M","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248722},"content":"But even then, leaders <a href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2019/11/12/21109257/here-s-how-much-chicago-s-tentative-deals-with-ctu-seiu-will-cost-taxpayers/\">were unsure how they would pay</a> for all the new staff positions and salary increases over the life of the contract. Federal pandemic aid came to the district’s rescue, allowing Chicago Public Schools to cover the contract, hire more staff, and make investments that many educators and community members felt were long overdue.","type":"text"},{"_id":"6FIEGLFK3FBO3CO5NCNSDKLNXI","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248723},"content":"<a href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2024/04/10/chicago-covid-relief-dollars-budgets-schools/\">Now that money is going away</a>, leaving the district with a math problem it hasn’t yet decided how to solve.","type":"text"},{"_id":"DZZYLSQX65F3RC5VOPT3UM5IMY","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248724},"content":"Districts around the country are facing difficult choices about which programs to keep and whether to lay off employees, but Johnson has said he’s not interested in making cuts. And he has a narrowing window in which to push through a loan that would temporarily avoid cuts or find another solution.","type":"text"},{"_id":"6J6WHZS4JNGU3GWFQKSGIJ62L4","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248725},"content":"This is playing out in a city where decades of fraught education politics have eroded trust. Chicago provides a stark example of the challenges many districts are facing with the expiration of federal COVID relief money, declining enrollment, and larger payrolls. How Chicago resolves the crisis could mean cuts to staff and programming now or taking on debt that could impact how much money is available for future generations.","type":"text"},{"_id":"HDYQE63YBNBITMKHCZBPG6WYL4","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248726},"content":"“Right now all the key players are attacking one another and looking for the immediate battles to fight and win,” said Kenneth Wong, professor of education policy at Brown University. “But the core of this debate is about whether Chicago Public Schools are going to be better off as a result of these decisions and is the city going to benefit from a higher-quality Chicago Public Schools as a result of these decisions.”","type":"text"},{"_id":"5GR46D4ALZB2NMMMSP6E3GJO4I","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248727},"content":"Chicago school budget problems built for years","level":2,"type":"header"},{"_id":"IGHYEAR5BZACVJETRHZEI42SZU","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248728},"content":"Struggling to pay for things is not new for Chicago Public Schools. In the 1990s, then-CEO Paul Vallas deferred pension payments to balance an anticipated $1.4 billion budget deficit.","type":"text"},{"_id":"R6CZZIGROZHSNOQTA2V5UM457U","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248729},"content":"The district also took out a series of emergency loans to deal with budget shortfalls between 2016 and 2018. According to the district, it still owes $2.1 billion on those loans, including $200 million this year alone.","type":"text"},{"_id":"SBD44QB53ZCSXMLLZ6S73AFRGU","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248730},"content":"Chicago Public Schools won a partial reprieve to its school funding struggles in 2017 when the state of Illinois revamped its funding formula to <a href=\"https://civicfed.org/civic-federation/blog/what-new-illinois-school-funding-formula-means-chicago-public-schools\">send more money to districts with higher needs</a>. State funding makes up a quarter of the district’s operating budget.","type":"text"},{"_id":"H6XU442OQVCMRPMVCYANEJG66M","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248731},"content":"But if the state continues with its current rate of annual increases, it won’t fully fund the formula until at least 2034, according to a <a href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2024/05/15/illinois-needs-to-add-more-funding-for-schools-report-says/\">report from the Center for Tax and Budget Accountability.</a>","type":"text"},{"_id":"2BBYMJGTZ5EVRJM4HEUL4OE3XQ","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248732},"content":"Five years ago, as the Chicago Teachers Union fought for a <a href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2019/10/30/21109159/chicago-and-union-reach-tentative-pact-but-teachers-say-an-end-to-strike-hinges-on-making-up-days/\">wide-ranging contract</a> that led to an 11-day strike, it was unclear <a href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2019/10/23/21109125/the-fight-at-the-heart-of-the-chicago-teachers-strike-how-much-the-city-can-spend/\">how the city or district would pay for all of the demands.</a> At the time, union president Stacy Davis Gates accused then Mayor Lori Lightfoot’s administration of not kicking in enough city money to properly fund the district.","type":"text"},{"_id":"UCU2AUQU6ZHHPDXAA6CHXVMLVM","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/resizer/nHQbqySobt3JdBPdVmrVmRl0UY4=/arc-photo-civicnewscompany/arc2-prod/public/UCU2AUQU6ZHHPDXAA6CHXVMLVM.jpg","galleries":[],"mime_type":"image/jpeg","originalName":"IMG_9269.jpg","originalUrl":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/civicnewscompany/UCU2AUQU6ZHHPDXAA6CHXVMLVM.jpg","proxyUrl":"/resizer/nHQbqySobt3JdBPdVmrVmRl0UY4=/arc-photo-civicnewscompany/arc2-prod/public/UCU2AUQU6ZHHPDXAA6CHXVMLVM.jpg","published":true,"resizeUrl":"/resizer/nHQbqySobt3JdBPdVmrVmRl0UY4=/arc-photo-civicnewscompany/arc2-prod/public/UCU2AUQU6ZHHPDXAA6CHXVMLVM.jpg","restricted":false,"thumbnailResizeUrl":"/resizer/LQpkCiOoqoRonqaNv7MHb3CHyvY=/300x0/arc-photo-civicnewscompany/arc2-prod/public/UCU2AUQU6ZHHPDXAA6CHXVMLVM.jpg","version":1,"_id":1730227880002,"link":""},"auth":{"1":"bfce42f267a118809ec720f72ee2f944becee2859dae6055693671affb79547d"},"caption":"Thousands of educators and CPS support staff flood Chicago streets near City Hall on the fifth day of the 2019 strike.","created_date":"2023-11-15T06:29:39Z","credits":{"affiliation":[{"name":"Ariel Cheung / Chalkbeat","type":"author"}]},"height":3456,"last_updated_date":"2023-11-15T13:03:48Z","licensable":false,"owner":{"name":"Chalkbeat Chicago"},"source":{"additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"},"edit_url":"","system":"photo center"},"subtitle":"","type":"image","url":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/civicnewscompany/UCU2AUQU6ZHHPDXAA6CHXVMLVM.jpg","version":"0.10.9","width":5184,"planning":{},"vanity_credits":{"affiliation":[{"name":"Ariel Cheung / Block Club Chicago","type":"author"}]}},{"_id":"M3BY7VJ45VCPTEZWHZCT7TAISQ","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248734},"content":"While the deal fell short of some of the union’s biggest goals, it required the district to hire more staff, including social workers and nurses, raise salaries, and commit to lowering class sizes. In total, the contract was expected to <a href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2019/11/12/21109257/here-s-how-much-chicago-s-tentative-deals-with-ctu-seiu-will-cost-taxpayers/\">cost $1.5 billion</a> over its five-year lifetime.","type":"text"},{"_id":"NIHKCOEXHJBOTMAHW4MOBPLFZE","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248735},"content":"Two credit rating agencies called the costs “manageable,” but Standard and Poor’s issued a warning: The district’s expenses could outpace how much money it actually had on hand, and that could degrade the district’s already junk bond rating status.","type":"text"},{"_id":"BITVXFQIQRC3VE6B2Y6O3ULJXM","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248736},"content":"Five months after the contract was finalized, COVID-19 hit.","type":"text"},{"_id":"2SBQJRODJ5DF3CSLFGXOB3ULMA","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248737},"content":"At a recent press conference, Gates acknowledged the $2.8 billion the district received in federal pandemic relief was critical to paying for the 2019 contract, which she credits with helping bring academic gains.","type":"text"},{"_id":"D5LGCTLHYRBLBLV5OEAPELWT2U","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248738},"content":"“We <a href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2022/2/11/22927568/chicago-public-schools-federal-covid-relief-american-rescue-plan-spending/\">received that money from [federal COVID relief] funds</a> because the Chicago Public Schools has never been funded at the rate in which it needed to be funded, ever,” she said.","type":"text"},{"_id":"54OH4Z7IXBDT3HNDM5UJF2T3EE","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248739},"content":"Federal COVID relief funding helped pay for the teachers union contract, launch new academic recovery programs, and sustain current programs that otherwise may have been pared down or cut. In the spring of last school year, a Chalkbeat analysis of spending found an <a href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2024/04/10/chicago-covid-relief-dollars-budgets-schools/\">average 7% of Chicago’s school budgets</a> were made up of COVID dollars.","type":"text"},{"_id":"LESCP2JI7FHJLMWMTBGBVHHI3A","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248740},"content":"CPS <a href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2022/12/9/23500744/chicago-public-schools-social-worker-student-mental-health-covid-trauma-support-services/\">doubled the number</a> of social workers and added <a href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2023/5/25/23729023/chicago-public-schools-academic-interventionist-covid-learning-recovery/\">hundreds more interventionists</a> who work with students struggling in core subjects. The money also went toward a slew of other initiatives, including limiting class sizes and growing <a href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2024/01/29/chicago-public-schools-used-covid-dollars-on-prek/\">its universal preschool program</a>. It helped the district paper over longstanding deficits that have plagued its budget for many years.","type":"text"},{"_id":"PCQF3VN55JGKNOXZN53A2MT4YM","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/resizer/aS2HSenlEkzjNLGjx4iOUVUN0Qg=/arc-photo-civicnewscompany/arc2-prod/public/PCQF3VN55JGKNOXZN53A2MT4YM.jpg","galleries":[],"keywords":["chicago","school","interventionist","match"],"mime_type":"image/jpeg","originalName":"Chicago_20230301_Brunson_ChristianKLee_007.jpeg","originalUrl":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/civicnewscompany/PCQF3VN55JGKNOXZN53A2MT4YM.jpg","proxyUrl":"/resizer/aS2HSenlEkzjNLGjx4iOUVUN0Qg=/arc-photo-civicnewscompany/arc2-prod/public/PCQF3VN55JGKNOXZN53A2MT4YM.jpg","published":true,"resizeUrl":"/resizer/aS2HSenlEkzjNLGjx4iOUVUN0Qg=/arc-photo-civicnewscompany/arc2-prod/public/PCQF3VN55JGKNOXZN53A2MT4YM.jpg","restricted":false,"thumbnailResizeUrl":"/resizer/1OlsD2F4ZX0MkOzwU3EgOJba_Xw=/300x0/arc-photo-civicnewscompany/arc2-prod/public/PCQF3VN55JGKNOXZN53A2MT4YM.jpg","version":3,"_id":1730227880010,"link":""},"alt_text":"A woman with dark hair in a bun sits at a table with a student in yellow.","auth":{"1":"e267b7d3ca65f479a980a56cf7d586a8dd1b25e223faa9f81ce804232ac1e76c"},"caption":"An interventionist at Chicago’s Brunson Elementary School works with a student on multiplication and division using flashcards. CPS hired hundreds of these specialists using federal COVID relief money.","created_date":"2023-10-27T17:35:11Z","credits":{"affiliation":[{"name":"Christian K. Lee / For Chalkbeat","type":"author"}]},"height":3677,"last_updated_date":"2023-11-16T14:54:51Z","licensable":false,"owner":{"name":"Chalkbeat Chicago"},"source":{"additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"},"edit_url":"","system":"photo center"},"subtitle":"","type":"image","url":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/civicnewscompany/PCQF3VN55JGKNOXZN53A2MT4YM.jpg","version":"0.10.9","width":5127,"planning":{},"keywords":["Chicago","school","interventionist","match"],"vanity_credits":{}},{"_id":"FQQWH46SCZDQJJPILEWM27DUCY","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248742},"content":"Between 2019 and this fall, the district said it has hired more than 6,500 additional staffers, including 2,600 teachers and 4,000 paraprofessionals. Today, the district’s budget is roughly $10 billion – a nearly 30% increase in five years — even as the district is serving fewer students.","type":"text"},{"_id":"BAFPQ6QWKJBN7ARZHZP4FAIWFM","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248743},"content":"Paul Bruno, assistant professor of educational policy, leadership, and organization at University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, said Chicago is not alone. Districts around the country have added staff for reasons that need more research. Employing more people makes it harder to raise pay, and with more spots to fill, districts can struggle to hire only the best candidates or fill all their positions. Bruno said it’s not clear that it’s always in the best interests of students.","type":"text"},{"_id":"2P56JIKTTRAYRJUIDH6XHMKVTE","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248744},"content":"School leaders <a href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2024/04/10/chicago-covid-relief-dollars-budgets-schools/\">previously told Chalkbeat that the extra money helped</a> their schools provide more after-school programs to children and beef up academic support in ways they never had the flexibility to do.","type":"text"},{"_id":"TOXFQQZDSNA57B2LVCXMBWE2PE","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248745},"content":"“Winning the lottery is what it felt like,” one former school administrator said. “Everything your kid ever asked for, you could give them.”","type":"text"},{"_id":"AWEYIWLBZFG47LU35ZHM27WINI","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248746},"content":"The federal dollars dried up last month, and the loss of that money helped create a more than half-billion-dollar deficit for CPS. The district closed that budget gap through central office cuts and other savings, but it did not budget for big costs coming its way in the next union contract or in pension obligations. District and city officials pressed the state for more funds, but state leaders refused.","type":"text"},{"_id":"35MK7N2VW5GG5I4YIJDV4OQQAM","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248747},"content":"At a recent City Council hearing, Martinez acknowledged that he’s been criticized for spending one-time money on long-term personnel expenses. Knowing that federal COVID money would expire, <a href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/2024/07/01/high-poverty-schools-spent-greater-share-of-covid-aid-on-buildings/\">some districts invested in facilities</a> or hired people on short-term contracts, while others followed Chicago’s approach of hiring more permanent staff.","type":"text"},{"_id":"KXFDVO5FBNAGXO6AG5RF7ZCEYE","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/resizer/nwKfljcdDaMz2tDI3ngsi22sJx4=/arc-photo-civicnewscompany/arc2-prod/public/KXFDVO5FBNAGXO6AG5RF7ZCEYE.jpg","galleries":[],"ingestionMethod":"manual","iptc_title":"Staff Photographer","keywords":["2024","chicago","election","north side","politics"],"mime_type":"image/jpeg","originalName":"101624-Education Hearing Council-Colin Boyle-3775.jpg","originalUrl":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/civicnewscompany/KXFDVO5FBNAGXO6AG5RF7ZCEYE.jpg","proxyUrl":"/resizer/nwKfljcdDaMz2tDI3ngsi22sJx4=/arc-photo-civicnewscompany/arc2-prod/public/KXFDVO5FBNAGXO6AG5RF7ZCEYE.jpg","published":true,"resizeUrl":"/resizer/nwKfljcdDaMz2tDI3ngsi22sJx4=/arc-photo-civicnewscompany/arc2-prod/public/KXFDVO5FBNAGXO6AG5RF7ZCEYE.jpg","restricted":false,"takenOn":"2024-10-16T15:21:01Z","thumbnailResizeUrl":"/resizer/9HBXxn0hLhRSHxt3KkMRKoRVKys=/300x0/arc-photo-civicnewscompany/arc2-prod/public/KXFDVO5FBNAGXO6AG5RF7ZCEYE.jpg","usage_instructions":"reuse in Chicago only","version":0,"template_id":1183,"_id":1730227880017,"link":""},"address":{},"auth":{"1":"8f7489741264e630e82a4cf5096235f3e3dce070cad1047687457ef5aa6a4b8b"},"caption":"CPS CEO Pedro Martinez speaks at a hearing regarding the Chicago Board of Education at City Hall on Oct. 16, 2024.","copyright":"NO reproduction of this image without proper licensing.","created_date":"2024-10-16T21:44:33Z","credits":{"affiliation":[{"name":"Colin Boyle/Block Club Chicago","type":"author"}],"by":[]},"height":1333,"image_type":"photograph","last_updated_date":"2024-10-16T21:44:33Z","licensable":false,"owner":{"id":"civicnewscompany","sponsored":false},"source":{"additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"},"edit_url":"","system":"photo center"},"subtitle":"","taxonomy":{"associated_tasks":[]},"type":"image","url":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/civicnewscompany/KXFDVO5FBNAGXO6AG5RF7ZCEYE.jpg","version":"0.10.9","width":2000,"planning":{},"syndication":{},"creditIPTC":"Colin Boyle/Block Club Chicago","vanity_credits":{}},{"_id":"NIUE4UHHNNCRDOYWHGHXHD2W2U","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248749},"content":"Martinez argued that the additional investments helped the district see “gains we have not seen before, and we are seeing more of our students graduating with a real shot of having economic mobility.”","type":"text"},{"_id":"ZZLBRA7N3BE4RGTVED6I5PXF4Y","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248750},"content":"Chicago’s reading scores <a href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2024/02/19/chicago-public-schools-reading-scores-pandemic-recovery-growth/\">recovered faster than many other large urban school districts</a>, according to <a href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/2024/02/05/learning-loss-study-finds-surprising-academic-recovery-growing-inequality/\">one study from Harvard and Stanford</a> that the district has cited frequently while making its case for more funding.","type":"text"},{"_id":"AEAJN4H2QNC5HGTACGTE25CNL4","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248751},"content":"Johnson committed to avoiding cuts","level":2,"type":"header"},{"_id":"VULZYXBMONHZPH4ADEXEHRWL7Q","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248752},"content":"Now the district and the teachers union are at the bargaining table again, with the union pushing for 9% raises for teachers, along with <a href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/2019/10/8/21109097/chicago-where-the-teachers-union-s-demands-extend-far-past-salary-is-the-latest-front-for-common-goo/\">“common good” proposals</a> such as affordable housing for homeless students. The district says paying for just a portion of the union’s wide-ranging proposals would create <a href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2024/08/14/public-schools-teachers-union-labor-contract-talks-deficit-morgan-park/\">a $4 billion deficit</a> by the 2029-30 school year. CPS has already offered 4% raises, but the two parties are now in mediation.","type":"text"},{"_id":"DATS7J5X5VE4BCD7CDBXS3TUZE","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248753},"content":"Another looming cost is pensions for non-teaching staff. Former Mayor Lightfoot shifted a portion of pension costs onto the district in 2020, a practice Mayor Johnson has tried to continue. But so far this year, the district has refused to pay a $175 million contribution to the municipal pension fund, putting the city on the hook as it faces its own deficit.","type":"text"},{"_id":"FW7HV65IX5DBXPTS32EBRDELBU","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248754},"content":"To cover the cost of pensions and the union contracts, Johnson’s office has pushed CPS to take out <a href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2024/07/12/chicago-public-schools-should-take-out-loan-to-cover-costs/\">a short-term loan.</a> The district has refused, citing concerns that such a loan would come with high interest rates and saddle CPS with more debt down the road. Martinez asked the mayor to dedicate more funds from special taxing districts, known as TIFs, to cover the pension cost.","type":"text"},{"_id":"DQJVKNBX5BDONGNKLY5GTIZGTU","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248755},"content":"At stake is how much money the district will have to invest in classrooms and salaries now versus in the future. The disagreement could yet cost Martinez his job.","type":"text"},{"_id":"2W4TM7KPYRGY5IWRHKIQM4AOJQ","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248756},"content":"Johnson’s presence in the mayor’s office looms large over the negotiations. Johnson is a former classroom teacher and union organizer who got his start in politics working to oppose school closures. <a href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2023/3/14/23640368/chicago-mayor-election-runoff-public-schools-brandon-johnson-teachers-union-paul-vallas/\">On the campaign trail,</a> Johnson called for fully funded schools. In an interview earlier this month with WBEZ, he was <a href=\"https://www.wbez.org/education/2024/10/07/mayor-johnson-deflects-criticism-on-school-board-resignations-argues-hes-preventing-cps-budget-cuts\">adamant that CPS should not make cuts</a> — as most other districts in Chicago’s position are planning.","type":"text"},{"_id":"L2S6VYCMPNEMZHW3LDOIHAE77A","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248757},"content":"“Guess who loses when we cut schools?” he said. “Black and brown children. I don’t want Black and brown children to lose under my administration. In fact, they’re not going to lose under my administration.”","type":"text"},{"_id":"YLHAC4K7VJDCNGQPZAXLVOULWU","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/resizer/qSgin1AnGD6uiKfmQa5WMBR1XrI=/arc-photo-civicnewscompany/arc2-prod/public/YLHAC4K7VJDCNGQPZAXLVOULWU.jpg","galleries":[],"keywords":["brandon johnson","campaign kickoff","chicago mayor"],"mime_type":"image/jpeg","originalName":"IMG_2162.JPG","originalUrl":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/civicnewscompany/YLHAC4K7VJDCNGQPZAXLVOULWU.jpg","proxyUrl":"/resizer/qSgin1AnGD6uiKfmQa5WMBR1XrI=/arc-photo-civicnewscompany/arc2-prod/public/YLHAC4K7VJDCNGQPZAXLVOULWU.jpg","published":true,"resizeUrl":"/resizer/qSgin1AnGD6uiKfmQa5WMBR1XrI=/arc-photo-civicnewscompany/arc2-prod/public/YLHAC4K7VJDCNGQPZAXLVOULWU.jpg","restricted":false,"thumbnailResizeUrl":"/resizer/CQ0G53T8oEnuVAg33CdmLMnfmOI=/300x0/arc-photo-civicnewscompany/arc2-prod/public/YLHAC4K7VJDCNGQPZAXLVOULWU.jpg","version":3,"_id":1730227880027},"alt_text":"Man in suit raises right hand surrounded by supporters","auth":{"1":"1cda2bdbbb7bc0816db049971502d046eca8cba20eee8de96fbe610973243d9c"},"caption":"Chicago Mayor Brandon Johnson, then a Cook County commissioner, kicks off his mayoral campaign, flanked by more than 100 supporters, elected officials, and union leaders near the site of the former Cabrini Green and Jenner Elementary school.","created_date":"2023-10-27T17:38:28Z","credits":{"affiliation":[{"name":"Mauricio Pena / Chalkbeat","type":"author"}]},"height":3456,"last_updated_date":"2023-11-16T15:20:20Z","licensable":false,"owner":{"name":"Chalkbeat Chicago"},"source":{"additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"},"edit_url":"","system":"photo center"},"subtitle":"","type":"image","url":"https://cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/civicnewscompany/YLHAC4K7VJDCNGQPZAXLVOULWU.jpg","version":"0.10.9","width":4674,"planning":{},"keywords":["Brandon Johnson","campaign kickoff","Chicago mayor"]},{"_id":"H4MJWJSACFEGBAIZXGOQP6XTSY","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248759},"content":"“The new mayor is probably closer to the unions than any mayor in history and he’s committed to raising salaries substantially,” said Thomas Toch, director of Future Ed, an education think tank at Georgetown University that focuses on underserved students.","type":"text"},{"_id":"TUZT6I2AQNAYTJTDLKSCOUI4XI","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248760},"content":"Spending more on teachers helps students most when districts spend on better-performing teachers and those in hard-to-fill subjects, Toch said, strategies teachers unions generally oppose. At the same time, Chicago stands out among large, urban districts for its investments in high-impact tutoring and the academic gains students have made in recent years.","type":"text"},{"_id":"6PH525UY3VCM5LA26NMZYJVZPA","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248761},"content":"If Chicago makes major cuts now, “there is a significant risk of losing that positive momentum,” Toch said.","type":"text"},{"_id":"VIGOJ4VLFNC4JMVWOI7N5GYFKE","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248762},"content":"Sally Nuamah, a professor at Northwestern University who has studied Chicago Public Schools, said Johnson faces a decision: “Will he be the progressive, activist mayor that he ran on being? Or will he acquiesce?”","type":"text"},{"_id":"WQXPZ4FTGRCCTFYKWWML225Q6Q","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248763},"content":"Nuamah noted that the dispute in Chicago doesn’t seem to be about whether to cut but how to find additional money.","type":"text"},{"_id":"Q6GD5JOFUNC3RLMPEPUDK5QKJY","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248764},"content":"If Chicago can find a way to fund these investments into the future, other districts would pay attention, Nuamah said. But historically, taking on debt for ongoing costs has been dangerous for school systems.","type":"text"},{"_id":"FE4XPSLJ6RBDNKTOD4EXKRP5IE","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248765},"content":"It will now be up to the new and future board members to untangle the district’s financial issues.","type":"text"},{"_id":"J5PHU2TOW5HVVOX6XVW2DS7ZSI","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248766},"content":"For the first time in Chicago’s history, voters will choose 10 elected school board members on Nov. 5. The school board will expand to a total of 21 members, with the remaining 11 chosen by the mayor. The board will become fully elected in 2027.","type":"text"},{"_id":"RTVJJ3ACK5C35JFVCFDHZUBPNA","additional_properties":{"_id":1730244061434},"content":"<b>Related:</b> <a href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2024/09/25/cps-school-board-november-election-voter-guide-meet-the-candidates/\" target=\"_blank\">Everything you need to know about Chicago’s 2024 school board election</a>","level":4,"type":"header"},{"_id":"Z5HTFHL7OBBOTB4GZCIKOYZN2I","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248767},"content":"Voters could choose school board members aligned with the mayor’s vision or elect people more inclined to push back.","type":"text"},{"_id":"QZEIL6D6IFGZLHA6ODDPWWKZBU","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248768},"content":"Before the election, <a href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/chicago/2024/10/24/cps-public-schools-board-johnson-martinez/\">Johnnson’s new appointees</a> could fire Martinez. Asked whether it plans to do that, school board president the Rev. Mitchell Ikenna Johnson declined to answer, calling it “a silly question.”","type":"text"},{"_id":"LXKZ4Y3ZZBGEHAOIKFB5EPACQE","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248769},"content":"The prospect of leadership change could be driving some of the turmoil, said Bruno, the University of Illinois professor.","type":"text"},{"_id":"K5M2HK6REFE6TFAIKJ3T5CEK3I","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248770},"content":"“There’s an urgency from the city’s perspective to make as many policy decisions as possible before the power dynamics change,” he said. “Johnson wants to impose more of his own agenda and that sense of urgency might be exacerbating things.”","type":"text"},{"_id":"2URAC5JRZFEMFFHT5CSK5KOK5Q","additional_properties":{"_id":1730240248771},"content":"<i>Reema Amin is a reporter covering Chicago Public Schools. 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