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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Legacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Footnotes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Judith Resnik</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" > 49 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Resnik" title="Judith Resnik – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Judith Resnik" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83" title="جوديث ريسنيك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جوديث ريسنيك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Resnik" title="Judith Resnik – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Judith Resnik" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%82_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Джудзіт Арлен Рэзнік – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джудзіт Арлен Рэзнік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="जुदिथ रेसनिक – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जुदिथ रेसनिक" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Resnik" title="Judith Resnik – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Judith Resnik" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Джудит Резник – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джудит Резник" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Arlene_Resnik" title="Judith Arlene Resnik – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Judith Arlene Resnik" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Resnikov%C3%A1" title="Judith Resniková – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Judith Resniková" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Resnik" title="Judith Resnik – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Judith Resnik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Resnik" title="Judith Resnik – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Judith Resnik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Resnik" title="Judith Resnik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Judith Resnik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B8_%CE%A1%CE%AD%CF%83%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA" title="Τζούντιθ Ρέσνικ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζούντιθ Ρέσνικ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Resnik" title="Judith Resnik – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Judith Resnik" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Resnik" title="Judith Resnik – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Judith Resnik" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="جودیت رزنیک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جودیت رزنیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Resnik" title="Judith Resnik – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Judith Resnik" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Resnik" title="Judith Resnik – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Judith Resnik" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EB%94%94%EC%8A%A4_%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4%EB%8B%89" title="주디스 레스닉 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="주디스 레스닉" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A9_%D5%8C%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%AF" title="Ջուդիթ Ռեզնիկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջուդիթ Ռեզնիկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="जूडिथ रेसनिक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जूडिथ रेसनिक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Resnik" title="Judith Resnik – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Judith Resnik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Resnik" title="Judith Resnik – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Judith Resnik" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7" title="ג'ודית רזניק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ודית רזניק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Resnik" title="Judith Resnik – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Judith Resnik" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%97_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%96%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ჯუდით რეზნიკი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯუდით რეზნიკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Resnik" title="Judith Resnik – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Judith Resnik" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Resnik" title="Judith Resnik – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Judith Resnik" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Arlene_Resnik" title="Judith Arlene Resnik – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Judith Arlene Resnik" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_A._Resnik" title="Judith A. Resnik – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Judith A. Resnik" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="ജൂഡിത്ത് റെസ്നിക് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജൂഡിത്ത് റെസ്നിക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83" title="جوديث ريزنيك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جوديث ريزنيك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Resnik" title="Judith Resnik – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Judith Resnik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Resnik" title="Judith Resnik – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Judith Resnik" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A5%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AC%E3%82%BA%E3%83%8B%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="ジュディス・レズニック – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジュディス・レズニック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Arlene_Resnik" title="Judith Arlene Resnik – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Judith Arlene Resnik" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Resnik" title="Judith Resnik – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Judith Resnik" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Resnik" title="Judith Resnik – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Judith Resnik" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Resnik" title="Judith Resnik – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Judith Resnik" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Резник, Джудит Арлен – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Резник, Джудит Арлен" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Resnik" title="Judith Resnik – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Judith Resnik" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Resnikov%C3%A1" title="Judith Resniková – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Judith Resniková" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Resnik" title="Judith Resnik – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Judith Resnik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Resnik" title="Judith Resnik – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Judith Resnik" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Resnik" title="Judith Resnik – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Judith Resnik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84" title="จูดิธ เรสนิค – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จูดิธ เรสนิค" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Resnik" title="Judith Resnik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Judith Resnik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%82_%D0%A0%D1%94%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Джудіт Рєзнік – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джудіт Рєзнік" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E8%BF%AA%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%95%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%8B" title="朱迪斯·蕾斯尼克 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="朱迪斯·蕾斯尼克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q49284#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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For the legal academic, see <a href="/wiki/Judith_Resnik_(professor)" title="Judith Resnik (professor)">Judith Resnik (professor)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Judith Resnik</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Judith_A._Resnik,_official_portrait_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Judith Resnik in September 1978" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Judith_A._Resnik%2C_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Judith_A._Resnik%2C_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Judith_A._Resnik%2C_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Judith_A._Resnik%2C_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Judith_A._Resnik%2C_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Judith_A._Resnik%2C_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2548" data-file-height="3558" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Official portrait, 1978</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Judith Arlene Resnik</div> (1949-04-05)April 5, 1949 <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Akron,_Ohio" title="Akron, Ohio">Akron, Ohio</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">January 28, 1986(1986-01-28) (aged 36) <div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">North Atlantic Ocean</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a>) <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland,_College_Park" title="University of Maryland, College Park">University of Maryland, College Park</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">MS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Space_Medal_of_Honor" title="Congressional Space Medal of Honor">Congressional Space Medal of Honor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Space_Flight_Medal" title="NASA Space Flight Medal">NASA Space Flight Medal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546">Space career</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header role"><a href="/wiki/NASA_astronaut" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA astronaut">NASA astronaut</a></th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Time in space</div></th><td class="infobox-data">6d 0h 56m</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Selection</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_8" title="NASA Astronaut Group 8">NASA Group 8 (1978)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Missions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/STS-41-D" title="STS-41-D">STS-41-D</a> <a href="/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L">STS-51-L</a> (<a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Challenger disaster">Space Shuttle Challenger disaster</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Mission insignia</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Sts-41-d-patch.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Sts-41-d-patch.png/50px-Sts-41-d-patch.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Sts-41-d-patch.png/75px-Sts-41-d-patch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Sts-41-d-patch.png/100px-Sts-41-d-patch.png 2x" data-file-width="2942" data-file-height="2947" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:STS-51-L.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/STS-51-L.svg/50px-STS-51-L.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/STS-51-L.svg/75px-STS-51-L.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/STS-51-L.svg/100px-STS-51-L.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="692" data-file-height="633" /></a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546">Scientific career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/en/title/1125030441">Bleaching Kinetics of Visual Pigments</a> (1977)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Felix Zajac</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> Judith Arlene Resnik (April 5, 1949 – January 28, 1986) was an American <a href="/wiki/Electrical_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical engineer">electrical engineer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Software_engineering" title="Software engineering">software engineer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biomedical_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Biomedical engineer">biomedical engineer</a>, pilot and <a href="/wiki/NASA_astronaut" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA astronaut">NASA astronaut</a> who died in the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Challenger disaster">Space Shuttle Challenger disaster</a>. She was the fourth woman, the second American woman and the first Jewish woman of any nationality <a href="/wiki/Women_in_space" title="Women in space">to fly in space</a>, logging 145 hours in orbit. Recognized while still a child for her intellectual brilliance, Resnik was accepted at <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnegie Institute of Technology">Carnegie Institute of Technology</a> after becoming only the sixteenth woman in the history of the United States to have attained a perfect score on the <a href="/wiki/SAT" title="SAT">SAT</a> exam. She graduated with a degree in <a href="/wiki/Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">electrical engineering</a> from <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon</a> before attaining a <a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a> in electrical engineering from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Maryland">University of Maryland</a>. Resnik worked for <a href="/wiki/RCA" title="RCA">RCA</a> as an engineer on Navy missile and radar projects, as a senior systems engineer for <a href="/wiki/Xerox_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Xerox Corporation">Xerox Corporation</a>, and published research on special-purpose integrated circuitry. She was also a pilot and made research contributions to <a href="/wiki/Biomedical_engineering" title="Biomedical engineering">biomedical engineering</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Research_fellow" title="Research fellow">research fellow</a> at the <a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a>. At age 28, Resnik was selected by NASA as a <a href="/wiki/Mission_specialist" title="Mission specialist">mission specialist</a>. She was part of <a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_8" title="NASA Astronaut Group 8">NASA Astronaut Group 8</a>, the first group to include women. While training on the astronaut program, she developed software and operating procedures for NASA missions. Her first space flight was the <a href="/wiki/STS-41-D" title="STS-41-D">STS-41-D</a> mission in August and September 1984, the twelfth <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a> flight, and the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/maiden_voyage" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/maiden voyage">maiden voyage</a> of Space Shuttle <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Discovery" title="Space Shuttle Discovery">Discovery</a>, where her duties included operating its <a href="/wiki/Canadarm" title="Canadarm">robotic arm</a>. Her second Shuttle mission was <a href="/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L">STS-51-L</a> in January 1986 aboard Space Shuttle <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger" title="Space Shuttle Challenger">Challenger</a>. She died when the orbiter broke up shortly after liftoff and crashed into the ocean. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judith_Resnik&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> Judith Arlene Resnik was born in <a href="/wiki/Akron,_Ohio" title="Akron, Ohio">Akron, Ohio</a>, on April 5, 1949,<a href="#cite_note-NASA-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Thesis-2">[2]</a> the daughter of Marvin Resnik, an <a href="/wiki/Optometrist" class="mw-redirect" title="Optometrist">optometrist</a>, and his wife Sarah (<a href="/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" title="Birth name">née</a> Polensky),<a href="#cite_note-Haaretz-3">[3]</a> a legal secretary.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> She had a brother, Charles, who was four years younger.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Her father was the son of a rabbi, and he had been born in <a href="/wiki/Pryluky" title="Pryluky">Preluke</a> in Ukraine. His family had emigrated to <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a> in the 1920s, and then to the United States after the <a href="/wiki/1929_Hebron_massacre" title="1929 Hebron massacre">1929 Hebron massacre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernsteinBlueGerber19909-7">[7]</a> He was fluent in eight languages and served in the U.S. Army during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> in military intelligence, conducting prisoner of war interrogations and aerial reconnaissance in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific Theater</a> and the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">occupation of Japan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Resnik grew up in an observant <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> home, studying at <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_school" title="Hebrew school">Hebrew school</a> at Beth El Synagogue in Akron and celebrating her <a href="/wiki/Bat_Mitzvah" class="mw-redirect" title="Bat Mitzvah">Bat Mitzvah</a> in 1962.<a href="#cite_note-Haaretz-3">[3]</a> The Bat Mitzvah was not common at this time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernsteinBlueGerber199012-9">[9]</a> Resnik was noticed for her intellectual ability while still in kindergarten, and she entered elementary school a year early.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECavallaro201728–31-10">[10]</a> She attended Fairlawn Elementary School,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernsteinBlueGerber199010-11">[11]</a> Simon Perkins Junior High School,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernsteinBlueGerber199014-12">[12]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Firestone_Community_Learning_Center" title="Firestone Community Learning Center">Harvey S. Firestone High School</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernsteinBlueGerber199010-11">[11]</a> She was an outstanding student, excelling in mathematics, languages and piano.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWareBraukman2004426-13">[13]</a> She played classical piano, and at one point considered a career as a concert pianist.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECavallaro201728–31-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jewish_Virtual_Library-14">[14]</a> Before college, she attained a perfect score on her <a href="/wiki/SAT" title="SAT">SAT</a> exam,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGibson201491–94-15">[15]</a> the only woman in the country to do so that year and only the sixteenth woman in US history.<a href="#cite_note-Jewish_Virtual_Library-14">[14]</a> She graduated from Firestone in 1966 as <a href="/wiki/Valedictorian" title="Valedictorian">valedictorian</a> and runner-up <a href="/wiki/Homecoming_queen" class="mw-redirect" title="Homecoming queen">homecoming queen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Family,_Friends_Remember-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-divorce-17">[17]</a> Although her mother disapproved of her dating, Resnik had a series of boyfriends. She preferred to socialize with boys from the nearby <a href="/wiki/Copley_High_School" title="Copley High School">Copley High School</a> rather than from Firestone, where her intellectual reputation preceded her. She met Len Nahmi (who eventually became a pilot)<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> at a basketball game. He was half Irish and half Lebanese, and her mother disapproved of him. Nonetheless, she continued to see him secretly, and when she stayed with a cousin in <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a> while taking a college course available to high school students, she also met with him there. Her parents acrimoniously divorced while she was a teenager, and custody was given to her mother, as was the custom in the United States. Her mother's dislike of Nahmi became more intense, and Nahmi eventually ended their relationship to spare Resnik more pain. When she was 17, she prepared and filed a successful court case so that her custody could be switched from her mother to her father, with whom she was particularly close. She tore up letters from her mother unopened.<a href="#cite_note-Epic_Flight-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernsteinBlueGerber199022–25-20">[20]</a> Her father remarried, and she acquired twin stepsisters, Linda and Sandy, who were nine years older than she was, and with whom she became close.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernsteinBlueGerber199026–27-21">[21]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CELEBRATION_OF_ONE_GIANT_STEP_._._._-_ASTRONAUT_JUDITH_A_RESNICK_-_NARA_-_17474486.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="refer to caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/CELEBRATION_OF_ONE_GIANT_STEP_._._._-_ASTRONAUT_JUDITH_A_RESNICK_-_NARA_-_17474486.jpg/220px-CELEBRATION_OF_ONE_GIANT_STEP_._._._-_ASTRONAUT_JUDITH_A_RESNICK_-_NARA_-_17474486.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/CELEBRATION_OF_ONE_GIANT_STEP_._._._-_ASTRONAUT_JUDITH_A_RESNICK_-_NARA_-_17474486.jpg/330px-CELEBRATION_OF_ONE_GIANT_STEP_._._._-_ASTRONAUT_JUDITH_A_RESNICK_-_NARA_-_17474486.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/CELEBRATION_OF_ONE_GIANT_STEP_._._._-_ASTRONAUT_JUDITH_A_RESNICK_-_NARA_-_17474486.jpg/440px-CELEBRATION_OF_ONE_GIANT_STEP_._._._-_ASTRONAUT_JUDITH_A_RESNICK_-_NARA_-_17474486.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6571" data-file-height="5097" /></a><figcaption>Resnik in June 1979</figcaption></figure> At age 17, Resnik entered <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnegie Institute of Technology">Carnegie Institute of Technology</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECavallaro201728–31-10">[10]</a> where she joined the <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Epsilon_Phi" title="Alpha Epsilon Phi">Alpha Epsilon Phi</a> <a href="/wiki/Sorority" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorority">sorority</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernsteinBlueGerber199026–27-21">[21]</a> She began college intending to become a math major, but in her second year, after attending <a href="/wiki/Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">electrical engineering</a> lectures with her boyfriend Michael Oldak, she developed a passion for the subject.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECavallaro201728–31-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Family,_Friends_Remember-16">[16]</a> She was one of three female students in electrical engineering.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECavallaro201728–31-10">[10]</a> She was a gourmet cook and a navigator in <a href="/wiki/Rallying" title="Rallying">sports car rallies</a>, in which she took part many times with Oldak in his <a href="/wiki/Triumph_TR6" title="Triumph TR6">Triumph TR6</a>.<a href="#cite_note-divorce-17">[17]</a> She earned a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">Bachelor of Science</a> degree in electrical engineering from Carnegie Mellon University (as it now was) in 1970.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> She became a member of <a href="/wiki/Tau_Beta_Pi" title="Tau Beta Pi">Tau Beta Pi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mortar_Board" title="Mortar Board">Mortar Board</a>,<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eta_Kappa_Nu" title="Eta Kappa Nu">Eta Kappa Nu</a> <a href="/wiki/Honor_societies" class="mw-redirect" title="Honor societies">honor societies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NASA-1">[1]</a> Resnik married Oldak on July 14, 1970.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernsteinBlueGerber199028–30-24">[24]</a> Her mother attended the wedding; two sets of invitations were sent out, one describing her as her father's daughter, and the other as her mother's.<a href="#cite_note-Epic_Flight-19">[19]</a> Upon graduation from Carnegie Mellon, Resnik and Oldak moved to <a href="/wiki/Moorestown,_New_Jersey" title="Moorestown, New Jersey">Moorestown, New Jersey</a>, where they both worked for <a href="/wiki/RCA" title="RCA">RCA</a>. She was a design engineer on missile and radar projects and won the Graduate Study Program Award. She performed circuit design for the missile and surface radar division. While at RCA, she worked for the Navy building custom integrated circuitry for the <a href="/wiki/Phased-array_radar" class="mw-redirect" title="Phased-array radar">phased-array radar</a> control systems and developed electronics and software for NASA's <a href="/wiki/Sounding_rocket" title="Sounding rocket">sounding rocket</a> and <a href="/wiki/Telemetry" title="Telemetry">telemetry</a> systems programs. An academic paper she wrote on special purpose integrated circuitry caught the attention of NASA during this time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECavallaro201728–31-10">[10]</a> She registered for <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">master's degree</a> evening courses at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>. In 1971, Oldak was accepted into <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University_Law_Center" title="Georgetown University Law Center">Georgetown University Law Center</a>, and they moved to <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> Resnik continued to work for RCA, transferring to its office in <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Virginia" title="Springfield, Virginia">Springfield, Virginia</a>, and she continued pursuing her master's degree at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland,_College_Park" title="University of Maryland, College Park">University of Maryland</a>. She then entered a doctoral program. Resnik and Oldak divorced in 1975—he wanted children and she did not—but they remained in contact and on good terms.<a href="#cite_note-divorce-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernsteinBlueGerber199028–29-25">[25]</a> While working on her doctorate, Resnik switched jobs in 1974, and went to work as a <a href="/wiki/Research_fellow" title="Research fellow">research fellow</a> in <a href="/wiki/Biomedical_engineering" title="Biomedical engineering">biomedical engineering</a> at the Laboratory of Neurophysiology at the <a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernsteinBlueGerber199028–30-24">[24]</a> As a biomedical engineer, Resnik researched the physiology of visual systems.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECavallaro201728–31-10">[10]</a> In 1977 she earned her <a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a> in electrical engineering with honors at the University of Maryland,<a href="#cite_note-Family,_Friends_Remember-16">[16]</a> writing her dissertation on "Bleaching kinetics of visual pigments".<a href="#cite_note-Thesis-2">[2]</a> Her research involved the effects of electrical currents on the <a href="/wiki/Retina" title="Retina">retina</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernsteinBlueGerber199028–30-24">[24]</a> An academic paper co-written by her concerning the biomedical engineering of optometry ("A novel rapid scanning microspectrophotometer and its use in measuring rhodopsin photoproduct pathways and kinetics in frog retinas") was published in the <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_Optical_Society_of_America" title="Journal of the Optical Society of America">Journal of the Optical Society of America</a> in 1978.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="NASA_astronaut">NASA astronaut</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judith_Resnik&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: NASA astronaut">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Selection_and_training">Selection and training</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judith_Resnik&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Selection and training">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-41-D_Crew_Enjoying_Space_-_GPN-2004-00024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Resnik stands above her five male crewmates evoking a cheerleader pyramid." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/STS-41-D_Crew_Enjoying_Space_-_GPN-2004-00024.jpg/220px-STS-41-D_Crew_Enjoying_Space_-_GPN-2004-00024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/STS-41-D_Crew_Enjoying_Space_-_GPN-2004-00024.jpg/330px-STS-41-D_Crew_Enjoying_Space_-_GPN-2004-00024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/STS-41-D_Crew_Enjoying_Space_-_GPN-2004-00024.jpg/440px-STS-41-D_Crew_Enjoying_Space_-_GPN-2004-00024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2032" data-file-height="2819" /></a><figcaption>Resnik poses with the rest of the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a> <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Discovery" title="Space Shuttle Discovery">Discovery</a> crew during the <a href="/wiki/STS-41-D" title="STS-41-D">STS-41-D</a> mission. </figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_8" title="NASA Astronaut Group 8">NASA Astronaut Group 8</a></div> After her divorce from Oldak, Resnik reconnected with Nahmi, who was now a commercial airline pilot. When he heard that the <a href="/wiki/National_Air_and_Space_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="National Air and Space Administration">National Air and Space Administration</a> (NASA) was recruiting women to become astronauts, he encouraged her to apply. They read <a href="/wiki/Carrying_the_Fire" title="Carrying the Fire">Carrying the Fire</a>, the 1974 book by <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a> astronaut <a href="/wiki/Michael_Collins_(astronaut)" title="Michael Collins (astronaut)">Michael Collins</a>, and she met with him in his office at the <a href="/wiki/National_Air_and_Space_Museum" title="National Air and Space Museum">National Air and Space Museum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Epic_Flight-19">[19]</a> She also met with another former astronaut, <a href="/wiki/John_Glenn" title="John Glenn">John Glenn</a>, who was now a <a href="/wiki/United_States_senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States senator">United States senator</a> from her home state of Ohio.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernsteinBlueGerber199032–33-27">[27]</a> Nahmi convinced her to obtain a <a href="/wiki/Private_pilot%27s_license" class="mw-redirect" title="Private pilot's license">private pilot's license</a> to bolster her credentials. Resnik qualified as a pilot in 1977, while completing her Ph.D., having achieved near-perfect scores in her flying exams (two 100s and a 98). When she received a promotion at RCA and again when she completed her doctorate, he suggested she send NASA a <a href="/wiki/Telegram" class="mw-redirect" title="Telegram">telegram</a> informing them.<a href="#cite_note-Epic_Flight-19">[19]</a> Resnik's mentor and advisor, Professor <a href="/wiki/Angel_G._Jordan" title="Angel G. Jordan">Angel G. Jordan</a>, then Dean of <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_College_of_Engineering" title="Carnegie Mellon College of Engineering">Carnegie Mellon College of Engineering</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Provost_(education)" title="Provost (education)">provost</a> of Carnegie Mellon, also encouraged Resnik to apply for the program.<a href="#cite_note-Family,_Friends_Remember-16">[16]</a> After she completed her doctorate, Resnik became a senior <a href="/wiki/Systems_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Systems engineer">systems engineer</a> for <a href="/wiki/Xerox_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Xerox Corporation">Xerox Corporation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, working in product development.<a href="#cite_note-rennner1986-28">[28]</a> She rented an apartment in <a href="/wiki/Redondo_Beach,_California" title="Redondo Beach, California">Redondo Beach, California</a>, where she would jog along the beach to improve her stamina and reduce her weight.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernsteinBlueGerber199034-29">[29]</a> In January 1978, at age 28, Resnik was selected as a <a href="/wiki/Mission_specialist" title="Mission specialist">mission specialist</a> with <a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_8" title="NASA Astronaut Group 8">NASA Astronaut Group 8</a>, one of twenty-nine men and six women selected out of 8,029 applicants in the first <a href="/wiki/NASA_astronaut" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA astronaut">NASA astronaut</a> selection that included women.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinsonShafritz1985163–165-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGibson201491–94-15">[15]</a> This involved taking a pay cut, as her new salary was considerably less than what she was being paid at Xerox.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernsteinBlueGerber199034-29">[29]</a> Her fellow astronaut candidates nicknamed her "JR". She dated some of them.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernsteinBlueGerber199038–39-31">[31]</a> She trained intensely and with great determination, focusing particularly on her physical fitness.<a href="#cite_note-Epic_Flight-19">[19]</a> She piloted the <a href="/wiki/Northrop_T-38_Talon" title="Northrop T-38 Talon">Northrop T-38 Talon</a>, an aircraft used by NASA astronauts for transportation and training.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Astronaut <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Apt" title="Jerome Apt">Jerome Apt</a> described her as "an excellent pilot".<a href="#cite_note-Family,_Friends_Remember-16">[16]</a> Asked about Resnik, fellow astronaut <a href="/wiki/Rhea_Seddon" title="Rhea Seddon">Rhea Seddon</a> said: "I thought she was really really bright, obviously a very beautiful person, flirtatious, funny. She was just a live wire. We would do the happy hours, or we'd go on these NASA trips, and Judy was just a star attraction."<a href="#cite_note-Seddon_oral-33">[33]</a> Resnik worked on research into the principle of orbital systems, flight software and the development of systems of manual control of spacecraft. She developed the <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a> and operating procedures for the Space Shuttle's <a href="/wiki/Remote_Manipulator_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Remote Manipulator System">Remote Manipulator System</a> (RMS). She also developed the deployment systems for the tethered satellite systems and worked on orbiter development, writing software for NASA to use on its missions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETietjen201772-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECavallaro201728–31-10">[10]</a> She disliked the part of her job that required making public appearances and drumming up support for the space program. She avoided television interviews when possible, and resented intrusive questions about her private life, such as questions about her divorce.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernsteinBlueGerber199040-35">[35]</a> Other astronauts felt that either Resnik or <a href="/wiki/Sally_Ride" title="Sally Ride">Sally Ride</a> would become the first woman in the group to fly in <a href="/wiki/Outer_space" title="Outer space">space</a>, as they received the sorts of technical assignments that best prepared them for flight, such as <a href="/wiki/Capsule_communicator" class="mw-redirect" title="Capsule communicator">capsule communicator</a> (CapCom) duties.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2012249-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-Seddon_oral-33">[33]</a> The shortlisted candidates for the mission specialist assignments for the <a href="/wiki/STS-7" title="STS-7">STS-7</a> mission included all six women, but since the mission involved the use of the RMS, the choice of the first to fly on the Space Shuttle narrowed to Resnik, Ride and <a href="/wiki/Anna_Lee_Fisher" title="Anna Lee Fisher">Anna Fisher</a>, who had specialized on it. Resnik was considered best qualified, but was passed over in favor of Ride because it was felt that Resnik was less comfortable with public affairs, and the first American woman to fly in space would attract an unusual amount of public interest.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaylerBurgess2020290–293-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaylerMoule2006198–199-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="STS-41-D">STS-41-D</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judith_Resnik&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: STS-41-D">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/STS-41-D" title="STS-41-D">STS-41-D</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Judy_Resnik_STS-41-D.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Mission Specialist Judith Resnik" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Judy_Resnik_STS-41-D.jpg/220px-Judy_Resnik_STS-41-D.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Judy_Resnik_STS-41-D.jpg/330px-Judy_Resnik_STS-41-D.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Judy_Resnik_STS-41-D.jpg/440px-Judy_Resnik_STS-41-D.jpg 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="412" /></a><figcaption>Resnik on the middeck of <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a> <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Discovery" title="Space Shuttle Discovery">Discovery</a> during the <a href="/wiki/STS-41-D" title="STS-41-D">STS-41-D</a> mission, with an "I love Tom Selleck" sticker on her locker. A handwritten card reads: "Hi Dad".</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20180706_Judy_Resnik_Flight_Suit_Johnson_Space_Center.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A mannequin wears her flight helmet with mask as well as the flight suit." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/20180706_Judy_Resnik_Flight_Suit_Johnson_Space_Center.jpg/220px-20180706_Judy_Resnik_Flight_Suit_Johnson_Space_Center.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="457" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/20180706_Judy_Resnik_Flight_Suit_Johnson_Space_Center.jpg/330px-20180706_Judy_Resnik_Flight_Suit_Johnson_Space_Center.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/20180706_Judy_Resnik_Flight_Suit_Johnson_Space_Center.jpg/440px-20180706_Judy_Resnik_Flight_Suit_Johnson_Space_Center.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2437" data-file-height="5061" /></a><figcaption>Resnik's flight suit on display at the <a href="/wiki/Johnson_Space_Center" title="Johnson Space Center">Johnson Space Center</a></figcaption></figure> In February 1983, Resnik was assigned to the crew of <a href="/wiki/STS-41-D" title="STS-41-D">STS-41-D</a>, the twelfth Space Shuttle flight, the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/maiden_voyage" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/maiden voyage">maiden voyage</a> of the Space Shuttle <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Discovery" title="Space Shuttle Discovery">Discovery</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hartsfield" title="Henry Hartsfield">Henry Hartsfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Coats" title="Michael Coats">Michael Coats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steven_Hawley" title="Steven Hawley">Steven Hawley</a> and Mike Mullane.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMullane2006111–113-40">[40]</a> During a visit to a contractor's factory, Resnik whispered to Mullane: "there are no maidens on this flight".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMullane2006114-41">[41]</a> She was the center of attention on such visits, and one contractor engineer became a stalker, sending her unwelcome letters, poems and gifts. Eventually, after he appeared in the office, he had to be dealt with by NASA security.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMullane2006115-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[i]</a> After Hawley and Mullane had a fawning encounter with actor <a href="/wiki/Bo_Derek" title="Bo Derek">Bo Derek</a>, who was working on the film <a href="/wiki/Tarzan,_the_Ape_Man_(1981_film)" title="Tarzan, the Ape Man (1981 film)">Tarzan, the Ape Man</a>, Resnik started calling Mullane "Tarzan" and Hawley "Cheetah";<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMullane200690–91-45">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> when the office secretaries heard about this, they began referring to the STS-41-D crew as the "zoo crew".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMullane2006115–116-47">[46]</a> Resnik was a fan of the actor <a href="/wiki/Tom_Selleck" title="Tom Selleck">Tom Selleck</a>, and had a coffee cup that said: "Excuse No. 1: I'm Saving Myself for Tom Selleck."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernsteinBlueGerber199055-48">[47]</a> Her crewmates hid a poster of Tom Selleck behind the bathroom curtain on Discovery.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernsteinBlueGerber199053-49">[48]</a> The STS-41-D mission's launch was delayed three times. The first attempt, on June 25, 1984, was aborted due to a failure of the backup computer. The following day, during the second attempt, the computer detected a fault in one of the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_main_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Space Shuttle main engine">Space Shuttle main engines</a>, and shut them down four seconds before liftoff. This was the first time a NASA space mission had been aborted after starting the engines since <a href="/wiki/Gemini_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemini 6">Gemini 6</a> in 1965. Discovery had to be taken back to the <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_Assembly_Building" title="Vehicle Assembly Building">Vehicle Assembly Building</a>, where the faulty engine was replaced. A further launch attempt was made on August 29, but was again delayed for a day due to a software issue. Finally, on August 30, Discovery lifted off for the first time, and was in orbit eight minutes later.<a href="#cite_note-STS-41-D-50">[49]</a> Resnik invited her family to watch the launch from the VIP viewing area. This included her father, brother, Oldak and Nahmi. Her mother was also in attendance, to avoid bad publicity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernsteinBlueGerber199052-51">[50]</a> Resnik became the second American woman in space. She was also the first <a href="/wiki/American_Jews" title="American Jews">American Jewish</a> astronaut to go into space, and the first Jewish woman.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernsteinBlueGerber199047-52">[51]</a> Her duties included operating the Space Shuttle's robotic arm, which she helped create and on which she was an expert.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWayne2011796-53">[52]</a> On the first day of the mission, Resnik and Mullane deployed the first of three commercial communications satellites, the SBS-4 satellite for <a href="/wiki/Satellite_Business_Systems" title="Satellite Business Systems">Satellite Business Systems</a>.<a href="#cite_note-STS-41-D-50">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMullane2006173-54">[53]</a> On the second day, the crew released a second satellite, <a href="/wiki/Syncom" title="Syncom">Syncom</a> IV-2, also known as Leasat 2, for the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Navy">U.S. Navy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-STS-41-D-50">[49]</a> While Hartsfield was filming its release with the <a href="/wiki/IMAX" title="IMAX">IMAX</a> camera for the documentary <a href="/wiki/The_Dream_is_Alive" class="mw-redirect" title="The Dream is Alive">The Dream is Alive</a>, Resnik's hair became caught in the camera's belt feed mechanism. The camera jammed, and she had to be cut free with scissors. Strands of loose hair floated about the cabin. Hartsfield informed the <a href="/wiki/Christopher_C._Kraft_Jr._Mission_Control_Center" title="Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center">mission control center</a> that the camera had jammed, but did not say why. Coats was able to repair the camera, and Hartsfield continued filming, while Resnik kept her distance.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMullane2006177–178-55">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2012263–264-56">[55]</a> The crew deployed a third satellite, <a href="/wiki/Telstar_302" title="Telstar 302">Telstar 302</a> for <a href="/wiki/Telesat" title="Telesat">Telesat</a> of Canada, without mishap the following day.<a href="#cite_note-STS-41-D-50">[49]</a> That day Resnik also deployed the OAST-1 solar array wing,<a href="#cite_note-STS-41-D-50">[49]</a> considered a potential future way of generating more electrical power during space missions. After performing several dynamic tests that day and the next, she reported that the experiment was well-behaved and matched ground simulations of the array.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaylerMoule2006216–218-57">[56]</a> During the mission, she held up a hand-written sign saying "Hi Dad" to the cameras, and in a live televised broadcast told President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> "the Earth looks great". When Reagan asked her if the flight was all she hoped it would be, she replied, "It certainly is and I couldn't have picked a better crew to fly with."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaylerMoule2006216–218-57">[56]</a> After the mission, Hartsfield described Resnik as the "astronaut's astronaut",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECavallaro201728–31-10">[10]</a> and Mullane wrote: "I was also happy to be crewed with Judy ... She was smart, hardworking, and dependable, all the things you would want in a fellow crewmember."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMullane2006112-58">[57]</a> Discovery landed at <a href="/wiki/Edwards_Air_Force_Base" title="Edwards Air Force Base">Edwards Air Force Base</a> on September 5, after a flight lasting 6 days and 56 minutes.<a href="#cite_note-STS-41-D-50">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster">Space Shuttle Challenger disaster</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judith_Resnik&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Space Shuttle Challenger disaster">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Challenger disaster">Space Shuttle Challenger disaster</a></div> On January 29, 1985, NASA announced that Resnik had been assigned to the crew of <a href="/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L">STS-51-L</a>. The main objective of this mission was to launch <a href="/wiki/TDRS-B" title="TDRS-B">TDRS-B</a>, the second in a series of NASA <a href="/wiki/Tracking_and_Data_Relay_Satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Tracking and Data Relay Satellite">Tracking and Data Relay Satellites</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> It would also carry the Spartan (Shuttle Pointed Autonomous Research Tool for Astronomy), which would use two ultraviolet <a href="/wiki/Spectrometer" title="Spectrometer">spectrometers</a> to study the tail of <a href="/wiki/Comet_Halley" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Halley">Comet Halley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-STS-51-L_Press_Kit-60">[59]</a> Resnik was primarily responsible for the operation of the RMS and, with fellow astronaut <a href="/wiki/Ronald_McNair" title="Ronald McNair">Ronald McNair</a>, would deploy and later retrieve the Spartan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2012444-61">[60]</a> The flight would also carry <a href="/wiki/Christa_McAuliffe" title="Christa McAuliffe">Christa McAuliffe</a>, a teacher-observer selected as part of NASA's <a href="/wiki/Teacher_in_Space_Project" title="Teacher in Space Project">Teacher in Space Project</a>.<a href="#cite_note-STS-51-L_Press_Kit-60">[59]</a> Resnik was part of the team of astronauts who flew to Washington, D.C., to speak to the 113 finalists, and provide them an insider's view of a Space Shuttle mission. They were taken to the National Air and Space Museum, where they viewed The Dream is Alive with its scenes of Resnik deploying a satellite and eating and sleeping in space. She told them that it was a shame that they could not all fly in space, but privately she disagreed with NASA's decision to send non-astronauts on the Space Shuttle.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernsteinBlueGerber199064–67-62">[61]</a> Resnik's assignment was tied to McAuliffe's; NASA wanted McAuliffe to fly with a veteran female astronaut.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMullane2006214-63">[62]</a> Initially scheduled for January 24, 1986, the launch was delayed until January 28 by rain, high winds, a troublesome bolt on the Space Shuttle <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger" title="Space Shuttle Challenger">Challenger</a>'s hatch and freezing temperatures.<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> Resnik's father and stepmother, and her brother and his family watched the launch from the VIP area, as did her Firestone High math teacher. Selleck declined her invitation to attend. Resnik carried a locket for her niece, a signet ring for her nephew and a cigarette lighter for Nahmi.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernsteinBlueGerber199071–73-65">[64]</a> Challenger lifted off from <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39B" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39B">Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39B</a> at 11:38 on January 28. A minute later it broke up, torn apart by aerodynamic forces after a catastrophic failure of an <a href="/wiki/O-ring" title="O-ring">O-ring</a> seal on the starboard <a href="/wiki/Solid_rocket_booster" title="Solid rocket booster">solid rocket booster</a>. The cabin remained intact until it hit the water at 207 mph, killing all on board.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernsteinBlueGerber199079–85-66">[65]</a> Resnik's last recorded words aboard Challenger regarded scanning for "LVLH" (local vertical/local horizontal), reminding the cockpit crew of a switch configuration change to the <a href="/wiki/Attitude_direction_indicator" class="mw-redirect" title="Attitude direction indicator">attitude direction indicator</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECavallaro201728–31-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[ii]</a> Following the disaster, examination of the recovered vehicle cockpit revealed that the <a href="/wiki/Personal_Egress_Air_Pack" title="Personal Egress Air Pack">Personal Egress Air Packs</a> were activated for pilot <a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Smith_(astronaut)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael J. Smith (astronaut)">Mike Smith</a> and two other crew members. The location of Smith's activation switch on the back of his seat means either Resnik or <a href="/wiki/Ellison_Onizuka" title="Ellison Onizuka">Ellison Onizuka</a> likely activated it for him. Mike Mullane wrote: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Mike Smith's PEAP had been turned on by Judy or El, I wondered if I would have had the presence of mind to do the same thing had I been in Challenger's cockpit. Or would I have been locked in a catatonic paralysis of fear? There had been nothing in our training concerning the activation of a PEAP in the event of an in-flight emergency. The fact that Judy or El had done so for Mike Smith made them heroic in my mind. They had been able to block out the terrifying sights and sounds and motions of Challenger's destruction and had reached for that switch. It was the type of thing a true astronaut would do—maintain their cool in the direst of circumstances.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMullane2006275-70">[68]</a> </blockquote> This is the only evidence that shows Onizuka and Resnik were alive after the cockpit separated from the vehicle. If the cabin had lost pressure, the air packs alone would not have sustained the crew during the two-minute descent.<a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a> Resnik's remains were recovered from the crashed vehicle cockpit by Navy divers from the <a href="/wiki/USS_Preserver" title="USS Preserver">USS Preserver</a> <a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a> and they were cremated and scattered over the water.<a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a> The unidentified remains of the seven crew members were cremated and buried at the Space Shuttle Challenger Memorial in <a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a> on May 20, 1986.<a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judith_Resnik&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Challenger_Memorial_-_Day_of_Rememberance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The memorial is a bronze plaque with the faces of the crew mounted on the front of a tombstone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Challenger_Memorial_-_Day_of_Rememberance.jpg/220px-Challenger_Memorial_-_Day_of_Rememberance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Challenger_Memorial_-_Day_of_Rememberance.jpg/330px-Challenger_Memorial_-_Day_of_Rememberance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Challenger_Memorial_-_Day_of_Rememberance.jpg/440px-Challenger_Memorial_-_Day_of_Rememberance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1499" /></a><figcaption>Amy Resnik, wife of Charles Resnik, touches the Space Shuttle Challenger Memorial after a wreath-laying ceremony at <a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a> as part of NASA's Day of Remembrance.</figcaption></figure> Resnik was posthumously awarded the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Space_Medal_of_Honor" title="Congressional Space Medal of Honor">Congressional Space Medal of Honor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-jacobs-75">[73]</a> She was also awarded the <a href="/wiki/NASA_Space_Flight_Medal" title="NASA Space Flight Medal">NASA Space Flight Medal</a> for her first flight.<a href="#cite_note-NASA-1">[1]</a> Landmarks and buildings named for her include a dormitory at her <a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">alma mater</a>, Carnegie Mellon University;<a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a> Judith A. Resnik Elementary School in <a href="/wiki/Gaithersburg,_Maryland" title="Gaithersburg, Maryland">Gaithersburg, Maryland</a>;<a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a> Judith A. Resnik Community Learning Center (formerly Fairlawn Elementary) which she had attended was renamed in her honor in her hometown of Akron;<a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a> and Judith A. Resnik Middle School, established in 2016, in <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="San Antonio, Texas">San Antonio, Texas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[77]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Resnik_(crater)" title="Resnik (crater)">crater on the Moon</a> was named after her,<a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a> as was one on Venus, where all features are named after women.<a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a> An <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroid</a>, <a href="/wiki/3356_Resnik" class="mw-redirect" title="3356 Resnik">3356 Resnik</a>, was also named after her.<a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a> A memorial to Resnik and the rest of the crew of Challenger was dedicated in <a href="/wiki/Seabrook,_Texas" title="Seabrook, Texas">Seabrook, Texas</a>, where she lived while stationed at the <a href="/wiki/Johnson_Space_Center" title="Johnson Space Center">Johnson Space Center</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a> She is also commemorated on the <a href="/wiki/Space_Mirror_Memorial" title="Space Mirror Memorial">Space Mirror Memorial</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a> The <a href="/wiki/IEEE_Judith_A._Resnik_Award" title="IEEE Judith A. Resnik Award">IEEE Judith A. Resnik Award</a> was established in 1986 by the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers" title="Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers">Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</a> and is presented annually to an individual or team in recognition of outstanding contributions to space engineering in areas of relevance to the IEEE.<a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Women_Engineers" title="Society of Women Engineers">Society of Women Engineers</a> (SWE) awards the Resnik Challenger Medal annually to "a woman who has changed the space industry, has personally contributed innovative technology verified by flight experience ... and will be recognized through future decades as having created milestones in the development of space as a resource for all humankind."<a href="#cite_note-SWE-86">[84]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Challenger_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Challenger Center">Challenger Center</a> was established in 1986 by the families of the Challenger crew, including Resnik's brother, Charles, in honor of the crew members.<a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a> Its goal is to increase children's interest in <a href="/wiki/Science,_technology,_engineering_and_mathematics" class="mw-redirect" title="Science, technology, engineering and mathematics">science, technology, engineering and mathematics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a> <a href="/wiki/Julie_Fulton" title="Julie Fulton">Julie Fulton</a> portrayed Resnik in the 1990 <a href="/wiki/Made-for-TV_movie" class="mw-redirect" title="Made-for-TV movie">made-for-TV movie</a> <a href="/wiki/Challenger_(1990_film)" title="Challenger (1990 film)">Challenger</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judith_Resnik&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_astronauts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of female astronauts">List of female astronauts</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judith_Resnik&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Footnotes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> In 2003, Franz Stephan Strambach, a deranged man obsessed with Resnik, threatened to crash his aircraft into the <a href="/wiki/Seat_of_the_European_Central_Bank" title="Seat of the European Central Bank">Seat of the European Central Bank</a> in <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>, Germany. He was talked down after a telephone call to Resnik's relatives in the United States, during which he discussed a tribute page he had created for her on the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a>.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> Resnik was reading from the launch checklist in her role as flight engineer.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> The switch change was necessary to alter the <a href="/wiki/Attitude_direction_indicator" class="mw-redirect" title="Attitude direction indicator">attitude direction indicator</a> from low-vertical to low-horizontal flight mode in case they had to make an emergency abort.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judith_Resnik&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NASA-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NASA_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NASA_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NASA_1-2">c</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/resnik_judith_with_photo_0.pdf">"Biographical Data – Judith A. 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Retrieved March 13, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cleveland+Jewish+News&rft.atitle=Sarah+Resnik+Belfer%2C+mother+of+astronaut+Judith+Resnik%2C+was+89&rft.date=2011-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.clevelandjewishnews.com%2Farchives%2Fsarah-resnik-belfer-mother-of-astronaut-judith-resnik-was-89%2Farticle_c0ff6ea7-1bf8-5169-a96c-13567a0a46f2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudith+Resnik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wbaltv.com/article/a-brothers-emotional-remembrance-judy-was-brilliant/6944256">"A brother's emotional remembrance: 'Judy was brilliant'"</a>. WBALTV. January 28, 2016. 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Retrieved June 23, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IEEE+AESS+Judith+A.+Resnik+Space+Award&rft.pub=IEEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fieee-aess.org%2Fawards%2Fjudith-resnik-space-award&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudith+Resnik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SWE-86"><a href="#cite_ref-SWE_86-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210120105331/https://support.swe.org/support/solutions/articles/35000059688-who-is-eligible-resnick-challenger-medal-">"Resnik Challenger Medal"</a>. Society of Women Engineers. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.swe.org/support/solutions/articles/35000059688-who-is-eligible-resnick-challenger-medal-">the original</a> on January 20, 2021. Retrieved March 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Resnik+Challenger+Medal&rft.pub=Society+of+Women+Engineers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupport.swe.org%2Fsupport%2Fsolutions%2Farticles%2F35000059688-who-is-eligible-resnick-challenger-medal-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudith+Resnik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTonguette" class="citation web cs1">Tonguette, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dispatch.com/story/entertainment/arts/2024/01/23/ohioans-in-space-painting-features-armstrong-glenn-lovell-and-rkey-ohio-figures-in-the-space-program/72309552007/">"'Ohioans in Space' painting features Neil Armstrong, John Glenn, Jim Lovell, Judith Resnik"</a>. The Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved January 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Columbus+Dispatch&rft.atitle=%27Ohioans+in+Space%27+painting+features+Neil+Armstrong%2C+John+Glenn%2C+Jim+Lovell%2C+Judith+Resnik&rft.aulast=Tonguette&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dispatch.com%2Fstory%2Fentertainment%2Farts%2F2024%2F01%2F23%2Fohioans-in-space-painting-features-armstrong-glenn-lovell-and-rkey-ohio-figures-in-the-space-program%2F72309552007%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudith+Resnik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.challenger.org/who-we-are/#history">"Who We Are"</a>. Challenger.org. Retrieved January 15, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Challenger.org&rft.atitle=Who+We+Are&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.challenger.org%2Fwho-we-are%2F%23history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudith+Resnik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://medschool.umaryland.edu/FACULTYRESEARCHPROFILE/viewprofile.aspx?id=2540">"Resnik, Charles"</a>. University of Maryland School of Medicine. Retrieved January 15, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Resnik%2C+Charles&rft.pub=University+of+Maryland+School+of+Medicine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedschool.umaryland.edu%2FFACULTYRESEARCHPROFILE%2Fviewprofile.aspx%3Fid%3D2540&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudith+Resnik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.challenger.org/team_members/charles-resnik/">"Charles Resnik"</a>. Challenger.org. Retrieved January 15, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Challenger.org&rft.atitle=Charles+Resnik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.challenger.org%2Fteam_members%2Fcharles-resnik%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudith+Resnik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFroelich1990" class="citation news cs1">Froelich, Janis D. (February 23, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1990/02/23/challenger-is-too-boosterish/">"Challenger is Too Boosterish"</a>. Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved February 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tampa+Bay+Times&rft.atitle=Challenger+is+Too+Boosterish&rft.date=1990-02-23&rft.aulast=Froelich&rft.aufirst=Janis+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tampabay.com%2Farchive%2F1990%2F02%2F23%2Fchallenger-is-too-boosterish%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudith+Resnik" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judith_Resnik&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtkinsonShafritz1985" class="citation book cs1">Atkinson, Joseph D.; Shafritz, Jay M. (1985). The Real Stuff: A History of NASA's Astronaut Recruitment Program. Praeger special studies. New York: Praeger. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-03-005187-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-03-005187-6"><bdi>978-0-03-005187-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/12052375">12052375</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Real+Stuff%3A+A+History+of+NASA%27s+Astronaut+Recruitment+Program&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=Praeger+special+studies&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F12052375&rft.isbn=978-0-03-005187-6&rft.aulast=Atkinson&rft.aufirst=Joseph+D.&rft.au=Shafritz%2C+Jay+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudith+Resnik" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernsteinBlueGerber1990" class="citation book cs1">Bernstein, Joanne E; Blue, Rose; Gerber, Alan Jay (1990). Judith Resnik, Challenger Astronaut. New York: Lodestar Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-525-67305-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-525-67305-7"><bdi>978-0-525-67305-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/20594024">20594024</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judith+Resnik%2C+Challenger+Astronaut&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Lodestar+Books&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F20594024&rft.isbn=978-0-525-67305-7&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.aufirst=Joanne+E&rft.au=Blue%2C+Rose&rft.au=Gerber%2C+Alan+Jay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudith+Resnik" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCavallaro2017" class="citation book cs1">Cavallaro, Umberto (2017). Women Spacefarers: Sixty Different Paths to Space. Chichester: Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-34047-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-34047-0"><bdi>978-3-319-34047-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1066696221">1066696221</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+Spacefarers%3A+Sixty+Different+Paths+to+Space&rft.place=Chichester&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1066696221&rft.isbn=978-3-319-34047-0&rft.aulast=Cavallaro&rft.aufirst=Umberto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudith+Resnik" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2012" class="citation book cs1">Evans, Ben (2012). Tragedy and Triumph in Orbit: The Eighties and Early Nineties. New York: Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4614-3429-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4614-3429-0"><bdi>978-1-4614-3429-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/816202257">816202257</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tragedy+and+Triumph+in+Orbit%3A+The+Eighties+and+Early+Nineties&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F816202257&rft.isbn=978-1-4614-3429-0&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Ben&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudith+Resnik" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibson2014" class="citation book cs1">Gibson, Karen (2014). Women in Space: 23 Stories of First Flights, Scientific Missions, and Gravity-Breaking Adventures. Chicago: Chicago Review Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-64160-313-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-64160-313-3"><bdi>978-1-64160-313-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1111936104">1111936104</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+in+Space%3A+23+Stories+of+First+Flights%2C+Scientific+Missions%2C+and+Gravity-Breaking+Adventures&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=Chicago+Review+Press&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1111936104&rft.isbn=978-1-64160-313-3&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=Karen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudith+Resnik" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMullane2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mullane" title="Mike Mullane">Mullane, Mike</a> (2006). <a href="/wiki/Riding_Rockets" title="Riding Rockets">Riding Rockets: The Outrageous Tales of a Space Shuttle Astronaut</a>. New York: Scribner. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-7682-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-7682-5"><bdi>978-0-7432-7682-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/237049278">237049278</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Riding+Rockets%3A+The+Outrageous+Tales+of+a+Space+Shuttle+Astronaut&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F237049278&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-7682-5&rft.aulast=Mullane&rft.aufirst=Mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudith+Resnik" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaylerMoule2006" class="citation book cs1">Shayler, David; Moule, Ian A. (2006). Women in Space – Following Valentina. New York: Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85233-744-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85233-744-5"><bdi>978-1-85233-744-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/218506039">218506039</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+in+Space+%E2%80%93+Following+Valentina&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F218506039&rft.isbn=978-1-85233-744-5&rft.aulast=Shayler&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Moule%2C+Ian+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudith+Resnik" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaylerBurgess2020" class="citation book cs1">Shayler, David J.; <a href="/wiki/Colin_Burgess_(author)" title="Colin Burgess (author)">Burgess, Colin</a> (2020). NASA's First Space Shuttle Astronaut Selection: Redefining the Right Stuff. Chicester, UK: Praxis Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3030-45741-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3030-45741-9"><bdi>978-3030-45741-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1145568343">1145568343</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=NASA%27s+First+Space+Shuttle+Astronaut+Selection%3A+Redefining+the+Right+Stuff&rft.place=Chicester%2C+UK&rft.pub=Praxis+Publishing&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1145568343&rft.isbn=978-3030-45741-9&rft.aulast=Shayler&rft.aufirst=David+J.&rft.au=Burgess%2C+Colin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudith+Resnik" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTietjen2017" class="citation book cs1">Tietjen, Jill S. 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Cham, Switzerland: Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-40800-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-40800-2"><bdi>978-3-319-40800-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1105279881">1105279881</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Engineering+Women%3A+Re-visioning+Women%27s+Scientific+Achievements+and+Impacts&rft.place=Cham%2C+Switzerland&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1105279881&rft.isbn=978-3-319-40800-2&rft.aulast=Tietjen&rft.aufirst=Jill+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudith+Resnik" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWareBraukman2004" class="citation book cs1">Ware, Susan; Braukman, Stacy, eds. (2004). Notable American Women: A Biographical Dictionary Completing the Twentieth Century. Vol. 5. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01488-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01488-6"><bdi>978-0-674-01488-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/184794830">184794830</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Notable+American+Women%3A+A+Biographical+Dictionary+Completing+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F184794830&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01488-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudith+Resnik" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWayne2011" class="citation book cs1">Wayne, Tiffany K. (2011). American Women of Science Since 1900. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-158-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-158-9"><bdi>978-1-59884-158-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/841850385">841850385</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Women+of+Science+Since+1900&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+California&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F841850385&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-158-9&rft.aulast=Wayne&rft.aufirst=Tiffany+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudith+Resnik" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a 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href="/wiki/Template:Congressional_Space_Medal_of_Honor" title="Template:Congressional Space Medal of Honor"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Congressional_Space_Medal_of_Honor" title="Template talk:Congressional Space Medal of Honor"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Congressional_Space_Medal_of_Honor" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Congressional Space Medal of Honor"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recipients_of_the_Congressional_Space_Medal_of_Honor" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Recipients of the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Space_Medal_of_Honor" title="Congressional Space Medal of Honor">Congressional Space Medal of Honor</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_P._Anderson" title="Michael P. Anderson">Michael P. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Armstrong" title="Neil Armstrong">Neil Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Borman" title="Frank Borman">Frank Borman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_M._Brown" title="David M. Brown">David M. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_B._Chaffee" title="Roger B. Chaffee">Roger B. Chaffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpana_Chawla" title="Kalpana Chawla">Kalpana Chawla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurel_Clark" title="Laurel Clark">Laurel Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Conrad" title="Pete Conrad">Charles "Pete" Conrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Crippen" title="Robert Crippen">Robert Crippen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Glenn" title="John Glenn">John Glenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gus_Grissom" title="Gus Grissom">Virgil "Gus" Grissom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Husband" title="Rick Husband">Rick Husband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Jarvis" title="Gregory Jarvis">Gregory Jarvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Lovell" title="Jim Lovell">Jim Lovell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Lucid" title="Shannon Lucid">Shannon Lucid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christa_McAuliffe" title="Christa McAuliffe">Christa McAuliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._McCool" title="William C. McCool">William C. McCool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_McNair" title="Ronald McNair">Ronald McNair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellison_Onizuka" title="Ellison Onizuka">Ellison Onizuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilan_Ramon" title="Ilan Ramon">Ilan Ramon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judith Resnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Scobee" title="Dick Scobee">Dick Scobee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Shepard" title="Alan Shepard">Alan Shepard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shepherd" title="William Shepherd">William Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Smith" title="Michael J. Smith">Michael J. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_P._Stafford" title="Thomas P. Stafford">Thomas P. Stafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_White_(astronaut)" title="Ed White (astronaut)">Ed White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Young_(astronaut)" title="John Young (astronaut)">John Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Italics indicate the award was bestowed posthumously</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="STS-51-L" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="4"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:STS-51L" title="Template:STS-51L"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:STS-51L" title="Template talk:STS-51L"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:STS-51L" title="Special:EditPage/Template:STS-51L"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="STS-51-L" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L">STS-51-L</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="4"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Challenger disaster">Space Shuttle Challenger disaster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 2px 0 0"><div><a href="/wiki/File:STS-51-L.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="STS-51-L Mission Patch"><img alt="STS-51-L Mission Patch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/STS-51-L.svg/75px-STS-51-L.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/STS-51-L.svg/113px-STS-51-L.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/STS-51-L.svg/150px-STS-51-L.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="692" data-file-height="633" /></a></div></td><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger" title="Space Shuttle Challenger">Space Shuttle Challenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_STS-51-L_mission" title="Timeline of the STS-51-L mission">Timeline of the STS-51-L mission</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Crew picture"><img alt="Crew picture" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg/100px-Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg/150px-Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg/200px-Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3869" data-file-height="3095" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Crew</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Scobee" title="Dick Scobee">Dick Scobee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Smith" title="Michael J. Smith">Michael J. Smith</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judith Resnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellison_Onizuka" title="Ellison Onizuka">Ellison Onizuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_McNair" title="Ronald McNair">Ronald McNair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Jarvis" title="Gregory Jarvis">Gregory Jarvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christa_McAuliffe" title="Christa McAuliffe">Christa McAuliffe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Commission_Report" title="Rogers Commission Report">Rogers Commission Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Solid_Rocket_Booster#Challenger_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster">Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TDRS-B" title="TDRS-B">TDRS-B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challenger_flag" title="Challenger flag">Challenger flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challenger_(1990_film)" title="Challenger (1990 film)">Challenger</a> (1990 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Challenger_Disaster" title="The Challenger Disaster">The Challenger Disaster</a> (2013 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challenger:_The_Final_Flight" title="Challenger: The Final Flight">Challenger: The Final Flight</a> (2020 documentary miniseries)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="NASA_Astronaut_Group_8,_&quot;TFNG_(Thirty-Five_New_Guys)&quot;,_1978_20px" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NASA_Astronaut_Group_8" title="Template:NASA Astronaut Group 8"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NASA_Astronaut_Group_8" title="Template talk:NASA Astronaut Group 8"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NASA_Astronaut_Group_8" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NASA Astronaut Group 8"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NASA_Astronaut_Group_8,_&quot;TFNG_(Thirty-Five_New_Guys)&quot;,_1978_20px" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_8" title="NASA Astronaut Group 8">NASA Astronaut Group 8</a>, "TFNG (Thirty-Five New Guys)", 1978 <a href="/wiki/File:NASA_Astronaut_Class_8_patch.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NASA_Astronaut_Class_8_patch.png/20px-NASA_Astronaut_Class_8_patch.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NASA_Astronaut_Class_8_patch.png/30px-NASA_Astronaut_Class_8_patch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NASA_Astronaut_Class_8_patch.png/40px-NASA_Astronaut_Class_8_patch.png 2x" data-file-width="4250" data-file-height="4952" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_7" title="NASA Astronaut Group 7">NASA Astronaut Group 7</a> ← NASA Astronaut Group 8 → <a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_9" title="NASA Astronaut Group 9">NASA Astronaut Group 9</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pilots</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Brandenstein" title="Daniel Brandenstein">Daniel Brandenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Coats" title="Michael Coats">Michael Coats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_O._Covey" title="Richard O. Covey">Richard Covey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Oliver_Creighton" title="John Oliver Creighton">John Creighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Gibson" title="Robert L. Gibson">Robert Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_D._Gregory" title="Frederick D. Gregory">Frederick D. Gregory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._David_Griggs" title="S. David Griggs">S. David Griggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hauck" title="Frederick Hauck">Frederick Hauck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_McBride" title="Jon McBride">Jon McBride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_R._Nagel" title="Steven R. Nagel">Steven Nagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Scobee" title="Dick Scobee">Francis "Dick" Scobee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brewster_H._Shaw" title="Brewster H. Shaw">Brewster Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loren_Shriver" title="Loren Shriver">Loren Shriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_M._Walker_(astronaut)" title="David M. Walker (astronaut)">David Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_E._Williams" title="Donald E. Williams">Donald Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mission specialists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guion_Bluford" title="Guion Bluford">Guion Bluford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buchli" title="James Buchli">James Buchli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Fabian" title="John M. Fabian">John Fabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Lee_Fisher" title="Anna Lee Fisher">Anna Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_Gardner" title="Dale Gardner">Dale Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Hart" title="Terry Hart">Terry Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Hawley" title="Steven Hawley">Steven Hawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_A._Hoffman" title="Jeffrey A. Hoffman">Jeffrey Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Lucid" title="Shannon Lucid">Shannon Lucid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_McNair" title="Ronald McNair">Ronald McNair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mullane" title="Mike Mullane">Mike Mullane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Nelson_(astronaut)" title="George Nelson (astronaut)">George Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellison_Onizuka" title="Ellison Onizuka">Ellison Onizuka</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judith Resnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Ride" title="Sally Ride">Sally Ride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhea_Seddon" title="Rhea Seddon">Rhea Seddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Stewart" title="Robert L. Stewart">Robert Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_D._Sullivan" title="Kathryn D. Sullivan">Kathryn Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Thagard" title="Norman Thagard">Norman Thagard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_van_Hoften" title="James van Hoften">James van Hoften</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NASA_Astronaut_Groups" title="Template:NASA Astronaut Groups"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NASA_Astronaut_Groups" title="Template talk:NASA Astronaut Groups"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NASA_Astronaut_Groups" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NASA Astronaut Groups"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="*_NASA_Astronaut_Groups_*_NASA_Astronaut_Corps" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Corps#Selection_groups" title="NASA Astronaut Corps">NASA Astronaut Groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Corps" title="NASA Astronaut Corps">NASA Astronaut Corps</a></li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Seven" title="Mercury Seven">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_2" title="NASA Astronaut Group 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_3" title="NASA Astronaut Group 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_4" title="NASA Astronaut Group 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_5" title="NASA Astronaut Group 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_6" title="NASA Astronaut Group 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_7" title="NASA Astronaut Group 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_8" title="NASA Astronaut Group 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_9" title="NASA Astronaut Group 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_10" title="NASA Astronaut Group 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_11" title="NASA Astronaut Group 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_12" title="NASA Astronaut Group 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_13" title="NASA Astronaut Group 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_14" title="NASA Astronaut Group 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_15" title="NASA Astronaut Group 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_16" title="NASA Astronaut Group 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_17" title="NASA Astronaut Group 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_18" title="NASA Astronaut Group 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_19" title="NASA Astronaut Group 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_20" title="NASA Astronaut Group 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_21" title="NASA Astronaut Group 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_22" title="NASA Astronaut Group 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_23" title="NASA Astronaut Group 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_24" title="NASA Astronaut Group 24">24</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_year_of_selection" title="List of astronauts by year of selection">List of astronauts by year of selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions" title="Astronaut ranks and positions">Astronaut ranks and positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_astronauts" title="List of United States Marine Corps astronauts">List of United States Marine Corps astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Space_Force_astronauts" title="List of United States Space Force astronauts">List of United States Space Force astronauts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ohio_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ohio_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:Ohio Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ohio_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:Ohio Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ohio_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ohio Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ohio_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ohio_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Ohio Women's Hall of Fame">Ohio Women's Hall of Fame</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1970–1979" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1970–1979</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1978</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florence_E._Allen" title="Florence E. Allen">Florence E. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Chatfield_Black" title="Helen Chatfield Black">Helen Chatfield Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Bolton" class="mw-redirect" title="Frances Bolton">Frances Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_M._Boyer" title="Elizabeth M. Boyer">Elizabeth Boyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Bracken" title="Harriet Bracken">Harriet Bracken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Kinney_Cooper" title="Martha Kinney Cooper">Martha Kinney Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Donahey" class="mw-redirect" title="Gertrude Donahey">Gertrude Donahey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Edna_Hunter" title="Jane Edna Hunter">Jane Edna Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolata_Kline" title="Consolata Kline">Consolata Kline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_Kunkle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virginia Kunkle (page does not exist)">Virginia Kunkle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_A._Mahoney" title="Margaret A. Mahoney">Margaret A. Mahoney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Grace_McClelland" title="Helen Grace McClelland">Helen Grace McClelland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agnes_Merritt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agnes Merritt (page does not exist)">Agnes Merritt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Papier" title="Rose Papier">Rose Papier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lottie_Randolph" title="Lottie Randolph">Lottie Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_P._Stewart" title="Ella P. Stewart">Ella P. Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marigene_Valiquette" title="Marigene Valiquette">Marigene Valiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_B._Walker" title="Ann B. Walker">Ann B. Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82awa_Walasiewicz" title="Stanisława Walasiewicz">Stella Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marion_Wells&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marion Wells (page does not exist)">Marion Wells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1979</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Jobe_Akeley" title="Mary Jobe Akeley">Mary Jobe Akeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Bickerdyke" title="Mary Ann Bickerdyke">Mary Ann Bickerdyke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatrice_Cleveland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beatrice Cleveland (page does not exist)">Beatrice Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charity_Edna_Earley" class="mw-redirect" title="Charity Edna Earley">Charity Edna Earley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eleanor_Jammal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eleanor Jammal (page does not exist)">Eleanor Jammal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernice_Kochan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernice Kochan (page does not exist)">Bernice Kochan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emily_Leedy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emily Leedy (page does not exist)">Emily Leedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Lyons_(broadcaster)" title="Ruth Lyons (broadcaster)">Ruth Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerrie_Mock" title="Jerrie Mock">Jerrie Mock</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emma_Phaler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emma Phaler (page does not exist)">Emma Phaler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Redinger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rachel Redinger (page does not exist)">Rachel Redinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobbie_L._Sterne" title="Bobbie L. Sterne">Bobbie L. Sterne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Swanbeck" title="Ethel Swanbeck">Ethel Swanbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Weisenborn" title="Clara Weisenborn">Clara Weisenborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_M._Whiteman" title="Marjorie M. Whiteman">Marjorie Whiteman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1980–1989" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1980–1989</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Berlin" title="Grace Berlin">Grace Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erma_Bombeck" title="Erma Bombeck">Erma Bombeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_M._Byrne" title="Patricia M. Byrne">Patricia M. Byrne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Crawford_Seeger" title="Ruth Crawford Seeger">Ruth Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisa_Fast" title="Louisa Fast">Louisa Fast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Fuldheim" title="Dorothy Fuldheim">Dorothy Fuldheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Gish" title="Lillian Gish">Lillian Gish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Greisheimer" title="Esther Greisheimer">Esther Greisheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edith_Keller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edith Keller (page does not exist)">Edith Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tella_Kitchen" title="Tella Kitchen">Tella Kitchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_Krupansky" title="Blanche Krupansky">Blanche Krupansky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hattie_Larlham" title="Hattie Larlham">Hattie Larlham</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Louise_Nemeth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Louise Nemeth (page does not exist)">Mary Louise Nemeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Oakley" title="Annie Oakley">Annie Oakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_Martha_Weber" title="Doris Martha Weber">Doris Martha Weber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Bayer" title="Mildred Bayer">Mildred Bayer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tina_Bischoff_Lovin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tina Bischoff Lovin (page does not exist)">Tina Bischoff Lovin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Cornelius" title="Dorothy Cornelius">Dorothy Cornelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_Day" title="Doris Day">Doris Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Diller" title="Phyllis Diller">Phyllis Diller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusebia_Hunkins" title="Eusebia Hunkins">Eusebia Hunkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andre_Norton" title="Andre Norton">Andre Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Starr_Untermeyer" title="Jean Starr Untermeyer">Jean Starr Untermeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Taylor_Upton" title="Harriet Taylor Upton">Harriet Taylor Upton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Wilson_(jazz_singer)" title="Nancy Wilson (jazz singer)">Nancy Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1982</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._Margaret_Boyd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A. Margaret Boyd (page does not exist)">A. Margaret Boyd</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann_Eriksson_(Ohio)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ann Eriksson (Ohio) (page does not exist)">Ann Eriksson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernice_Foley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernice Foley (page does not exist)">Bernice Foley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zelma_Watson_George" title="Zelma Watson George">Zelma Watson George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Goulder_Izant" title="Grace Goulder Izant">Grace Goulder Izant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phyllis_Sewell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phyllis Sewell (page does not exist)">Phyllis Sewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayne_Spain" title="Jayne Spain">Jayne Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Zelkowitz" title="Helen Zelkowitz">Helen Zelkowitz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1983</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harriet_J._Anderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harriet J. Anderson (page does not exist)">Harriet J. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ione_Biggs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ione Biggs (page does not exist)">Ione Biggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eula_Bingham" title="Eula Bingham">Eula Bingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_O._Boyle" title="Mary O. Boyle">Mary O. Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariwyn_Heath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mariwyn Heath (page does not exist)">Mariwyn Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josephine_Irwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josephine Irwin (page does not exist)">Josephine Irwin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbara_Janis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barbara Janis (page does not exist)">Barbara Janis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minnie_Player&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minnie Player (page does not exist)">Minnie Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Steinem" title="Gloria Steinem">Gloria Steinem</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freda_Winning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Freda Winning (page does not exist)">Freda Winning</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_E._Miller_Young&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary E. Miller Young (page does not exist)">Mary E. Miller Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1984</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sally_Cooper_(American_actress)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sally Cooper (American actress) (page does not exist)">Sally Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarah_E._Harris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarah E. Harris (page does not exist)">Sarah E. Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cindy_Noble_Hauserman" class="mw-redirect" title="Cindy Noble Hauserman">Cindy Noble Hauserman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcy_Kaptur" title="Marcy Kaptur">Marcy Kaptur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Nussbaum" title="Karen Nussbaum">Karen Nussbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Rose_Oakar" title="Mary Rose Oakar">Mary Rose Oakar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_Pinkerton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catherine Pinkerton (page does not exist)">Catherine Pinkerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willa_Beatrice_Player" title="Willa Beatrice Player">Willa Beatrice Player</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judith Resnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Hooven_Santmyer" title="Helen Hooven Santmyer">Helen Hooven Santmyer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marian_Trimble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marian Trimble (page does not exist)">Marian Trimble</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joyce_Wollenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joyce Wollenberg (page does not exist)">Joyce Wollenberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1985</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lois_Anna_Barr_Cook&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lois Anna Barr Cook (page does not exist)">Lois Anna Barr Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercedes_Cotner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mercedes Cotner (page does not exist)">Mercedes Cotner</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_Draz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zell Draz (page does not exist)">Zell Draz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Easterling" title="Barbara Easterling">Barbara Easterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikki_Giovanni" title="Nikki Giovanni">Nikki Giovanni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurora_Gonzalez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aurora Gonzalez (page does not exist)">Aurora Gonzalez</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_K._Lazarus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary K. Lazarus (page does not exist)">Mary K. Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Mandel" title="Barbara Mandel">Barbara Mandel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norma_Marcere" title="Norma Marcere">Norma Marcere</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helen_Mulholland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helen Mulholland (page does not exist)">Helen Mulholland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauretta_Schimmoler" title="Lauretta Schimmoler">Lauretta Schimmoler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marge_Schott" title="Marge Schott">Marge Schott</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Jen_Steinbrenner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Jen Steinbrenner (page does not exist)">Mary Jen Steinbrenner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Andrew" title="Margaret Andrew">Margaret Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_L._Barber" title="Kathleen L. Barber">Kathleen L. Barber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fay_Biles" title="Fay Biles">Fay Biles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackwell" title="Elizabeth Blackwell">Elizabeth Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Clarke" title="Marie Clarke">Marie Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eva_Mae_Crosby&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eva Mae Crosby (page does not exist)">Eva Mae Crosby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Dee" title="Ruby Dee">Ruby Dee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynthia_Drennan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cynthia Drennan (page does not exist)">Cynthia Drennan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hooker_Glendinning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hooker Glendinning (page does not exist)">Hooker Glendinning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Herring" class="mw-redirect" title="Louise Herring">Louise Herring</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katherine_LeVeque&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katherine LeVeque (page does not exist)">Katherine LeVeque</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruth_Ratner_Miller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruth Ratner Miller (page does not exist)">Ruth Ratner Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Nava" title="Amelia Nava">Amelia Nava</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arline_Webb_Pratt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arline Webb Pratt (page does not exist)">Arline Webb Pratt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anastasia_Ann_Przelomski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anastasia Ann Przelomski (page does not exist)">Anastasia Ann Przelomski</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_Purdy_(Ohio)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virginia Purdy (Ohio) (page does not exist)">Virginia Purdy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selma_Lois_Walker" class="mw-redirect" title="Selma Lois Walker">Selma Lois Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Montgomery_Walsh" title="Julia Montgomery Walsh">Julia Montgomery Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Wattleton" title="Faye Wattleton">Faye Wattleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ellen_Withrow" title="Mary Ellen Withrow">Mary Ellen Withrow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1988</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Biggins" title="Anna Biggins">Anna Biggins</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Clonch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patricia Clonch (page does not exist)">Patricia Clonch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norma_Craden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norma Craden (page does not exist)">Norma Craden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewel_Freeman_Graham" title="Jewel Freeman Graham">Jewel Freeman Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Guisewite" title="Cathy Guisewite">Cathy Guisewite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_D._Jackson" title="Rebecca D. Jackson">Rebecca D. Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Heiss_Jenkins" class="mw-redirect" title="Carol Heiss Jenkins">Carol Heiss Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Kane" title="Carol Kane">Carol Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bea_Larsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bea Larsen (page does not exist)">Bea Larsen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alice_Raful_Lev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alice Raful Lev (page does not exist)">Alice Raful Lev</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linda_Rocker_Sogg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linda Rocker Sogg (page does not exist)">Linda Rocker Sogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Smeal" title="Eleanor Smeal">Eleanor Smeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Utz" title="Carolyn Utz">Carolyn Utz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anita_Smith_Ward&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anita Smith Ward (page does not exist)">Anita Smith Ward</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1989</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeanette_Grasselli_Brown" title="Jeanette Grasselli Brown">Jeanette Grasselli Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxine_Carnahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maxine Carnahan (page does not exist)">Maxine Carnahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracy_Chapman" title="Tracy Chapman">Tracy Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betsy_Mix_Cowles" title="Betsy Mix Cowles">Betsy Mix Cowles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann_Gazelle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ann Gazelle (page does not exist)">Ann Gazelle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michelle_Graves&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michelle Graves (page does not exist)">Michelle Graves</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florence_Harshman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Florence Harshman (page does not exist)">Florence Harshman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=June_Hutt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="June Hutt (page does not exist)">June Hutt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geraldine_Jensen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geraldine Jensen (page does not exist)">Geraldine Jensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Mahoney" title="Carolyn Mahoney">Carolyn Mahoney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_James_Myers" title="Linda James Myers">Linda James Myers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennie_Porter" title="Jennie Porter">Jennie Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diane_Poulton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diane Poulton (page does not exist)">Diane Poulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renee_Powell" title="Renee Powell">Renee Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlene_Spretnak" title="Charlene Spretnak">Charlene Spretnak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charlene_Ventura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charlene Ventura (page does not exist)">Charlene Ventura</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1990–1999" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1990–1999</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Gaston" title="Marilyn Gaston">Marilyn Gaston</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_Jackson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dorothy Jackson (page does not exist)">Dorothy Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luella_Talmadge_Jackson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luella Talmadge Jackson (page does not exist)">Luella Talmadge Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Kalven" title="Janet Kalven">Janet Kalven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosabeth_Moss_Kanter" title="Rosabeth Moss Kanter">Rosabeth Kanter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Kuhn" title="Maggie Kuhn">Maggie Kuhn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joan_Lamson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joan Lamson (page does not exist)">Joan Lamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Lin" title="Maya Lin">Maya Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anne_Variano_Macko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anne Variano Macko (page does not exist)">Anne Variano Macko</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alicia_Mott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alicia Mott (page does not exist)">Alicia Mott</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludel_Sauvageot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludel Sauvageot (page does not exist)">Ludel Sauvageot</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fanchon_bat-Lillian_Shur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fanchon bat-Lillian Shur (page does not exist)">Fanchon bat-Lillian Shur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phebe_Temperance_Sutliff" title="Phebe Temperance Sutliff">Phebe Temperance Sutliff</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grayce_Williams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grayce Williams (page does not exist)">Grayce Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_Abbott" title="Berenice Abbott">Berenice Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earladeen_Badger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Earladeen Badger (page does not exist)">Earladeen Badger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallie_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Hallie Brown">Hallie Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Ann_Davidson" title="Jo Ann Davidson">JoAnn Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raquel_Diaz-Sprague&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raquel Diaz-Sprague (page does not exist)">Raquel Diaz-Sprague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_Dove" title="Rita Dove">Rita Dove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ignatia_Gavin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Ignatia Gavin">Mary Ignatia Gavin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_J._Harper" title="Sara J. Harper">Sara J. Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donna_Hawk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donna Hawk (page does not exist)">Donna Hawk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=June_Holley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="June Holley (page does not exist)">June Holley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martha_C._Moore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martha C. Moore (page does not exist)">Martha C. Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darlene_Owens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darlene Owens (page does not exist)">Darlene Owens</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helen_H._Peterson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helen H. Peterson (page does not exist)">Helen H. Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martha_Pituch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martha Pituch (page does not exist)">Martha Pituch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yvonne_Pointer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yvonne Pointer (page does not exist)">Yvonne Pointer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_Ruehlmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virginia Ruehlmann (page does not exist)">Virginia Ruehlmann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josephine_Schwarz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josephine Schwarz (page does not exist)">Josephine Schwarz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suzanne_Timken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suzanne Timken (page does not exist)">Suzanne Timken</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Vertrone_Bieniek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nancy Vertrone Bieniek (page does not exist)">Nancy Vertrone Bieniek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stella_Marie_Zannoni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stella Marie Zannoni (page does not exist)">Stella Marie Zannoni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1992</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_of_the_Annunciation_Beaumont&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary of the Annunciation Beaumont (page does not exist)">Mary of the Annunciation Beaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoinette_Eaton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoinette Eaton (page does not exist)">Antoinette Eaton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubie_McCullough&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubie McCullough (page does not exist)">Rubie McCullough</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Oakley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nancy Oakley (page does not exist)">Nancy Oakley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harriet_Parker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harriet Parker (page does not exist)">Harriet Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susan_Porter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susan Porter (page does not exist)">Susan Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Steiner_Rice" title="Helen Steiner Rice">Helen Steiner Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Schille" title="Alice Schille">Alice Schille</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louella_Thompson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louella Thompson (page does not exist)">Louella Thompson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Benson" title="Mildred Benson">Mildred Benson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Bingham" title="Amelia Bingham">Amelia Bingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Coffey" title="Virginia Coffey">Virginia Coffey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viola_Famiano_Colombi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viola Famiano Colombi (page does not exist)">Viola Famiano Colombi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivy_Gunter" title="Ivy Gunter">Ivy Gunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Hamilton" title="Virginia Hamilton">Virginia Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Webb_Hayes" title="Lucy Webb Hayes">Lucy Webb Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Alice_Hintz" title="Joy Alice Hintz">Joy Alice Hintz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Macelwane" title="Geraldine Macelwane">Geraldine Macelwane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_O%27Hare_McCormick" title="Anne O'Hare McCormick">Anne O'Hare McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rena_Olshansky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rena Olshansky (page does not exist)">Rena Olshansky</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edna_Pincham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edna Pincham (page does not exist)">Edna Pincham</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxine_Plummer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maxine Plummer (page does not exist)">Maxine Plummer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Reilly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Reilly (page does not exist)">Jean Reilly</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pauline_Riel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pauline Riel (page does not exist)">Pauline Riel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christine_M._Cook&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christine M. Cook (page does not exist)">Christine M. Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claudia_Coulton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claudia Coulton (page does not exist)">Claudia Coulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Walker_Craig-Jones" title="Ellen Walker Craig-Jones">Ellen Walker Craig-Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanette_Ferrall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanette Ferrall (page does not exist)">Nanette Ferrall</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jill_Harms_Griesse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jill Harms Griesse (page does not exist)">Jill Harms Griesse</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgia_Griffith_(journalist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgia Griffith (journalist) (page does not exist)">Georgia Griffith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Melton" title="Florence Melton">Florence Melton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucille_Nussdorfer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucille Nussdorfer (page does not exist)">Lucille Nussdorfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Reece_(photographer)" title="Jane Reece (photographer)">Jane Reece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Ann_Reynolds" title="Emma Ann Reynolds">Emma Ann Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carol_Scott_(Ohio)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carol Scott (Ohio) (page does not exist)">Carol Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paula_Spence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paula Spence (page does not exist)">Paula Spence</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deanna_Tribe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deanna Tribe (page does not exist)">Deanna Tribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Wald" title="Lillian Wald">Lillian Wald</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Beckwith" title="Sandra Beckwith">Sandra Beckwith</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daeida_Hartell_Wilcox_Beveridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daeida Hartell Wilcox Beveridge (page does not exist)">Daeida Hartell Wilcox Beveridge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Ann_Blackmon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patricia Ann Blackmon (page does not exist)">Patricia Ann Blackmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Bowermaster" title="Mary Bowermaster">Mary Bowermaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Brennan" title="Christine Brennan">Christine Brennan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joy_Garrison_Cauffman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joy Garrison Cauffman (page does not exist)">Joy Garrison Cauffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunny_Cowan_Clark" title="Bunny Cowan Clark">Bunny Cowan Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_L._Drake" title="Grace L. Drake">Grace L. Drake</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naomi_J._Evans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naomi J. Evans (page does not exist)">Naomi J. Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Dana_Gage" class="mw-redirect" title="Frances Dana Gage">Frances Dana Gage</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jane_Kirkham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jane Kirkham (page does not exist)">Jane Kirkham</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sylvia_Lewis_(community_activist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sylvia Lewis (community activist) (page does not exist)">Sylvia Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tami_Longaberger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tami Longaberger (page does not exist)">Tami Longaberger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donna_Moon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donna Moon (page does not exist)">Donna Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gratia_Murphy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gratia Murphy (page does not exist)">Gratia Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Robie_Resnick" title="Alice Robie Resnick">Alice Robie Resnick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Siebert" title="Muriel Siebert">Muriel Siebert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Cartwright" title="Carol Cartwright">Carol Cartwright</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liz_Evans_(broadcaster)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liz Evans (broadcaster) (page does not exist)">Elizabeth Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rae_Natalie_Prosser_de_Goodall" class="mw-redirect" title="Rae Natalie Prosser de Goodall">Rae Natalie Prosser de Goodall</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Hauser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elizabeth Hauser (page does not exist)">Elizabeth Hauser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadine_Healy" title="Bernadine Healy">Bernadine Healy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carol_Kelly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carol Kelly (page does not exist)">Carol Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lewis" title="Fannie Lewis">Fannie Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Montgomery" title="Betty Montgomery">Betty Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hope_Taft" class="mw-redirect" title="Hope Taft">Hope Taft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1997</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carol_Ball&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carol Ball (page does not exist)">Carol Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marilyn_Byers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marilyn Byers (page does not exist)">Marilyn Byers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Murrell_Capers" title="Jean Murrell Capers">Jean Murrell Capers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martha_Dorsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martha Dorsey (page does not exist)">Martha Dorsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joan_Heidelberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joan Heidelberg (page does not exist)">Joan Heidelberg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clarice_Herbert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clarice Herbert (page does not exist)">Clarice Herbert</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatrice_Lampkin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beatrice Lampkin (page does not exist)">Beatrice Lampkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacquelyn_Mayer" title="Jacquelyn Mayer">Jacquelyn Mayer Townsend</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann_O%27Rourke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ann O'Rourke (page does not exist)">Ann O'Rourke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beryl_Rothschild&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beryl Rothschild (page does not exist)">Beryl Rothschild</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thekla_Shackelford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thekla Shackelford (page does not exist)">Thekla Shackelford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marianne_Boggs_Campbell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marianne Boggs Campbell (page does not exist)">Marianne Boggs Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carole_Garrison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carole Garrison (page does not exist)">Carole Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Hollister" title="Nancy Hollister">Nancy Hollister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_J._Jones" title="Stephanie J. Jones">Stephanie J. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bettye_Ruth_Kay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bettye Ruth Kay (page does not exist)">Bettye Ruth Kay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Ross-Lee" title="Barbara Ross-Lee">Barbara Ross-Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Audrey_Mackiewicz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Audrey Mackiewicz (page does not exist)">Audrey Mackiewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kathy_Palasics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kathy Palasics (page does not exist)">Kathy Palasics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Diane_Quinn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margaret Diane Quinn (page does not exist)">Margaret Diane Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Seiberling" class="mw-redirect" title="Henrietta Seiberling">Henrietta Seiberling</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Emily_Taylor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Emily Taylor (page does not exist)">Mary Emily Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_Varga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virginia Varga (page does not exist)">Virginia Varga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacqueline_Woods&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacqueline Woods (page does not exist)">Jacqueline Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_L._Zimpher" title="Nancy L. Zimpher">Nancy L. Zimpher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Jo_Behrensmeyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Jo Behrensmeyer (page does not exist)">Mary Jo Behrensmeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alvina_Costilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alvina Costilla (page does not exist)">Alvina Costilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Deal" title="Sarah Deal">Sarah Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electra_Doren" class="mw-redirect" title="Electra Doren">Electra Doren</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daisy_Flowers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daisy Flowers (page does not exist)">Daisy Flowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Glenn" title="Annie Glenn">Annie Glenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Hamilton_(artist)" title="Ann Hamilton (artist)">Ann Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carole_Hoover&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carole Hoover (page does not exist)">Carole Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cheryl_Han_Horn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cheryl Han Horn (page does not exist)">Cheryl Han Horn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carol_Latham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carol Latham (page does not exist)">Carol Latham</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Linenkugel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nancy Linenkugel (page does not exist)">Nancy Linenkugel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Barrett_Marsh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marie Barrett Marsh (page does not exist)">Marie Barrett Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marjorie_Parham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marjorie Parham (page does not exist)">Marjorie Parham</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Regula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Regula (page does not exist)">Mary Regula</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lee_Lenore_Rubin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lee Lenore Rubin (page does not exist)">Lee Lenore Rubin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Beecher_Stowe" title="Harriet Beecher Stowe">Harriet Beecher Stowe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerry_Sue_Thornton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jerry Sue Thornton (page does not exist)">Jerry Sue Thornton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Voinovich#Personal_life_and_death" title="George Voinovich">Janet Voinovich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2000–2009" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2000–2009</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paige_Palmer-Ashbaugh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paige Palmer-Ashbaugh (page does not exist)">Paige Palmer-Ashbaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maude_Collins" title="Maude Collins">Maude Charles Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Faye_Dambrot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faye Dambrot (page does not exist)">Faye Dambrot</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margarita_De_Leon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margarita De Leon (page does not exist)">Margarita De Leon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Louise_Fletcher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patricia Louise Fletcher (page does not exist)">Patricia Louise Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Patrice_Harrington&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Patrice Harrington (page does not exist)">Jean Patrice Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shirley_Hoffman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shirley Hoffman (page does not exist)">Shirley Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Kazel" title="Dorothy Kazel">Dorothy Kazel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Farah_Majidzadeh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Farah Majidzadeh (page does not exist)">Farah Majidzadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ada_Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ada Martin (page does not exist)">Ada Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lorle_Porter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lorle Porter (page does not exist)">Lorle Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanna_Samaniego&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lanna Samaniego (page does not exist)">Lanna Samaniego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvonne_Walker-Taylor" title="Yvonne Walker-Taylor">Yvonne Walker-Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_W._Wong" title="Margaret W. Wong">Margaret W. Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Zane" title="Betty Zane">Betty Zane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebecca_Boreczky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rebecca Boreczky (page does not exist)">Rebecca Boreczky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Jennings_Casement" title="Frances Jennings Casement">Frances Jennings Casement</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruth_L._Davis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruth L. Davis (page does not exist)">Ruth L. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucille_Ford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucille Ford (page does not exist)">Lucille Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susan_F._Gray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susan F. Gray (page does not exist)">Susan F. Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kathleen_V._Harrison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kathleen V. Harrison (page does not exist)">Kathleen V. Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adella_Prentiss_Hughes" title="Adella Prentiss Hughes">Adella Prentiss Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_E._Jackson" title="Janet E. Jackson">Janet E. Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Kamenshek" title="Dorothy Kamenshek">Dorothy Kamenshek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxine_Levin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maxine Levin (page does not exist)">Maxine Levin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_D._Long" title="Irene D. Long">Irene D. Long</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martha_MacDonell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martha MacDonell (page does not exist)">Martha MacDonell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Andrew_Matesich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Andrew Matesich (page does not exist)">Mary Andrew Matesich</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Powell_(Reverend_Mother)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elizabeth Powell (Reverend Mother) (page does not exist)">Elizabeth Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Pryce" title="Deborah Pryce">Deborah Pryce</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maria_Sexton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maria Sexton (page does not exist)">Maria Sexton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Farah_Walters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Farah Walters (page does not exist)">Farah Walters</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgeta_Blebea_Washington&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgeta Blebea Washington (page does not exist)">Georgeta Blebea Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Barker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judy Barker (page does not exist)">Judy Barker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frances_Seiberling_Buchholzer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frances Seiberling Buchholzer (page does not exist)">Frances Seiberling Buchholzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Brown_Campbell" title="Joan Brown Campbell">Joan Brown Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Frankenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nancy Frankenberg (page does not exist)">Nancy Frankenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zell_Hart-Deming&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zell Hart-Deming (page does not exist)">Zell Hart-Deming</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsie_Helsel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elsie Helsel (page does not exist)">Elsie Helsel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katie_T._Horstman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katie T. Horstman (page does not exist)">Katie T. Horstman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennie_Hwang" title="Jennie Hwang">Jennie Hwang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cathy_Monroe_Lewis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cathy Monroe Lewis (page does not exist)">Cathy Monroe Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viola_Startzman_Robertson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viola Startzman Robertson (page does not exist)">Viola Startzman Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefanie_Spielman" class="mw-redirect" title="Stefanie Spielman">Stefanie Spielman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_D._Sullivan" title="Kathryn D. Sullivan">Kathryn D. Sullivan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheila_G._Bailey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sheila G. Bailey (page does not exist)">Sheila G. Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeraldyne_Kilborn_Blunden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeraldyne Kilborn Blunden (page does not exist)">Jeraldyne Kilborn Blunden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shannon_K._Carter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shannon K. Carter (page does not exist)">Shannon K. Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luceille_Fleming&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luceille Fleming (page does not exist)">Luceille Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olga_D._Gonz%C3%A1lez-Sanabria" title="Olga D. González-Sanabria">Olga González-Sanabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsie_Janis" title="Elsie Janis">Elsie Janis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lois_Lenski" title="Lois Lenski">Lois Lenski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Mosley-Thompson" title="Ellen Mosley-Thompson">Ellen Mosley-Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cathy_Nelson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cathy Nelson (page does not exist)">Cathy Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evlyn_Gray_Scott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evlyn Gray Scott (page does not exist)">Evlyn Gray Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvonne_Williams" title="Yvonne Williams">Yvonne Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Brugler_Rogers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margaret Brugler Rogers (page does not exist)">Margaret Brugler Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Julia_Chatfield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julia Chatfield (page does not exist)">Julia Chatfield</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucille_Hastings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucille Hastings (page does not exist)">Lucille Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lillie_Howard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lillie Howard (page does not exist)">Lillie Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Ann_Jorgenson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Ann Jorgenson (page does not exist)">Mary Ann Jorgenson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joyce_%22Snowfeather%22_Mahaney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joyce "Snowfeather" Mahaney (page does not exist)">Joyce "Snowfeather" Mahaney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozella_M._Schlotfeldt" title="Rozella M. Schlotfeldt">Rozella M. Schlotfeldt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katherine_May_Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katherine May Smith (page does not exist)">Katherine May Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florence_Wang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Florence Wang (page does not exist)">Florence Wang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2008</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_Baunach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dorothy Baunach (page does not exist)">Dorothy Baunach</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carrie_Nelson_Black&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carrie Nelson Black (page does not exist)">Carrie Black</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caro_Bosca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caro Bosca (page does not exist)">Caro Bosca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvette_McGee_Brown" title="Yvette McGee Brown">Yvette McGee Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loann_Crane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loann Crane (page does not exist)">Loann Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joan_Durgin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joan Durgin (page does not exist)">Joan Durgin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carol_Gibbs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carol Gibbs (page does not exist)">Carol Gibbs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billie_Johnson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Billie Johnson (page does not exist)">Billie Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jih-Fen_Lei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jih-Fen Lei (page does not exist)">Jih-Fen Lei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Stewart_Magee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elizabeth Stewart Magee (page does not exist)">Elizabeth Stewart Magee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasturi_Rajadhyaksha" title="Kasturi Rajadhyaksha">Kasturi Rajadhyaksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Salamon" title="Julie Salamon">Julie Salamon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michele_G._Wheatly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michele G. Wheatly (page does not exist)">Michele G. Wheatly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gail_Collins" title="Gail Collins">Gail Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamela_B._Davis" title="Pamela B. Davis">Pamela B. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kim_de_Groh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kim de Groh (page does not exist)">Kim de Groh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beverly_J._Gray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beverly J. Gray (page does not exist)">Beverly J. Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sharon_Howard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sharon Howard (page does not exist)">Sharon Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carol_Kuhre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carol Kuhre (page does not exist)">Carol Kuhre</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_Manning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virginia Manning (page does not exist)">Virginia Manning</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helen_Moss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helen Moss (page does not exist)">Helen Moss</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judith_Rycus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judith Rycus (page does not exist)">Judith Rycus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Adelaide_Sandusky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Adelaide Sandusky (page does not exist)">Mary Adelaide Sandusky</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glenna_Watson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glenna Watson (page does not exist)">Glenna Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernett_Williams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernett Williams (page does not exist)">Bernett Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celia_Williamson" title="Celia Williamson">Celia Williamson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2010–2019" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2010–2019</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alvarene_Owens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alvarene Owens (page does not exist)">Alvarene Owens</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gayle_Channing_Tenenbaum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gayle Channing Tenenbaum (page does not exist)">Gayle Channing Tenenbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Maguire" title="Dorothy Maguire">Dorothy Maguire</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbara_Fergus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barbara Fergus (page does not exist)">Barbara Fergus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merle_G._Kearns" title="Merle G. Kearns">Merle G. Kearns</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebecca_J._Lee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rebecca J. Lee (page does not exist)">Rebecca J. Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nina_McClelland" title="Nina McClelland">Nina McClelland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lana_Moresky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lana Moresky (page does not exist)">Lana Moresky</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martha_Potter_Otto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martha Potter Otto (page does not exist)">Martha Potter Otto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Ruppert" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth Ruppert">Elizabeth Ruppert</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rita_Singh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rita Singh (page does not exist)">Rita Singh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cheryl_A._Boyce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cheryl A. Boyce (page does not exist)">Cheryl A. Boyce</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_H._Flick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elizabeth H. Flick (page does not exist)">Elizabeth H. Flick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Harper" class="mw-redirect" title="Frances Harper">Frances Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Hollis" title="Brenda Hollis">Brenda Hollis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_C._Juhas" title="Mary C. Juhas">Mary C. Juhas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kleia_R._Luckner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kleia R. Luckner (page does not exist)">Kleia R. Luckner</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valerie_J._Lyons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valerie J. Lyons (page does not exist)">Valerie J. Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linda_S._Noelker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linda S. Noelker (page does not exist)">Linda S. Noelker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carrie_Vonderhaar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carrie Vonderhaar (page does not exist)">Carrie Vonderhaar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/21px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/32px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/42px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="320" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Ohio" title="Portal:Ohio">ohio</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/19px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/29px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/38px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Spaceflight" title="Portal:Spaceflight">spaceflight</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49284#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49284#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49284#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 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