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Extended file attributes - Wikipedia
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href="#Linux"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Linux</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linux-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-macOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#macOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>macOS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-macOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-OpenBSD" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#OpenBSD"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>OpenBSD</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-OpenBSD-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-OS/2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#OS/2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>OS/2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-OS/2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Solaris" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solaris"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Solaris</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solaris-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Windows_NT" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Windows_NT"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Windows NT</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Windows_NT-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Extended file attributes</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attributs_%C3%A9tendus" title="Attributs étendus – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Attributs étendus" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%95%EC%9E%A5_%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC_%EC%86%8D%EC%84%B1" title="확장 파일 속성 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="확장 파일 속성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attributi_estesi" title="Attributi estesi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Attributi estesi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%A1%E5%BC%B5%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E5%B1%9E%E6%80%A7" title="拡張ファイル属性 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="拡張ファイル属性" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utvidede_filattributter" title="Utvidede filattributter – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Utvidede filattributter" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rozszerzone_atrybuty_pliku" title="Rozszerzone atrybuty pliku – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rozszerzone atrybuty pliku" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atributos_estendidos_de_arquivo" title="Atributos estendidos de arquivo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Atributos estendidos de arquivo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%B1%9E%E6%80%A7" title="扩展文件属性 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="扩展文件属性" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Extended_file_attributes"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_file_attributes&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_file_attributes&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Extended_file_attributes" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Extended_file_attributes" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_file_attributes&oldid=1209460921" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_file_attributes&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Extended_file_attributes&id=1209460921&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FExtended_file_attributes"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FExtended_file_attributes"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Extended_file_attributes&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_file_attributes&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2085509" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_attributes&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Extended attributes">Extended attributes</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Set of file system features</div> <p><b>Extended file attributes</b> are <a href="/wiki/File_system" title="File system">file system</a> features that enable users to associate <a href="/wiki/Computer_file" title="Computer file">computer files</a> with <a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a> not interpreted by the filesystem, whereas regular attributes have a purpose strictly defined by the filesystem (such as <a href="/wiki/File_system_permissions" class="mw-redirect" title="File system permissions">permissions</a> or records of creation and modification times). Unlike <a href="/wiki/Fork_(file_system)" title="Fork (file system)">forks</a>, which can usually be as large as the maximum file size, extended attributes are usually limited in size to a value significantly smaller than the maximum file size. Typical uses include storing the author of a document, the <a href="/wiki/Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">character encoding</a> of a plain-text document, or a <a href="/wiki/Cyclic_redundancy_check" title="Cyclic redundancy check">checksum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cryptographic_hash" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptographic hash">cryptographic hash</a> or <a href="/wiki/Digital_certificate" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital certificate">digital certificate</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Discretionary_access_control" title="Discretionary access control">discretionary access control</a> information. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> systems, extended attributes are usually abbreviated as <b>xattr</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Implementations">Implementations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_file_attributes&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Implementations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="AIX">AIX</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_file_attributes&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: AIX"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/AIX" class="mw-redirect" title="AIX">AIX</a>, the JFS2 v2 filesystem supports extended attributes, which are accessible using the <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">getea</span> command.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">getea</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">setea</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">listea</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">statea</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">removeea</span><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> APIs support fetching, setting, listing, getting information about, and removing extended attributes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="BeOS/Haiku"><span id="BeOS.2FHaiku"></span>BeOS/Haiku</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_file_attributes&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: BeOS/Haiku"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the now-defunct <a href="/wiki/BeOS" title="BeOS">BeOS</a> and successors like <a href="/wiki/Haiku_(operating_system)" title="Haiku (operating system)">Haiku</a>, extended file attributes are widely used in base and third-party programs. The <a href="/wiki/Be_File_System" title="Be File System">Be File System</a> allows the indexing and querying of attributes, essentially giving the filesystem <a href="/wiki/Relational_Database" class="mw-redirect" title="Relational Database">database</a>-like characteristics. The uses of extended attributes in Be-like systems are varied: For example, <a href="/wiki/Tracker_(file_manager)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tracker (file manager)">Tracker</a> and <a href="/wiki/OpenTracker" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenTracker">OpenTracker</a>, the file-managers of BeOS and Haiku respectively, both store the locations of file icons in attributes,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Haiku's "Mail" service stores all message content and metadata in extended file attributes,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the MIME types of files are stored in their attributes. Extended file attributes can be viewed and edited in Be-like systems' GUI through the file-manager, often Tracker or derivatives thereof. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_file_attributes&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: FreeBSD"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a> 5.0 and later, the <a href="/wiki/Unix_File_System" title="Unix File System">UFS1</a>, UFS2, and ZFS filesystems support extended attributes, using the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">extattr_</span><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> family of system calls. Any regular file may have a list of extended attributes. Each attribute consists of a name and the associated data. The name must be a <a href="/wiki/Null-terminated_string" title="Null-terminated string">null-terminated string</a>, and exists in a namespace identified by a small-integer namespace identifier. Currently, two namespaces exist: user and system. The user namespace has no restrictions with regard to naming or contents. The system namespace is primarily used by the kernel for <a href="/wiki/Access_control_list" class="mw-redirect" title="Access control list">access control lists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_access_control" title="Mandatory access control">mandatory access control</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Linux">Linux</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_file_attributes&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Linux"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ext2" title="Ext2">ext2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ext3" title="Ext3">ext3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ext4" title="Ext4">ext4</a>, <a href="/wiki/JFS_(file_system)" title="JFS (file system)">JFS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Squashfs" class="mw-redirect" title="Squashfs">Squashfs</a>, <a href="/wiki/UBIFS" title="UBIFS">UBIFS</a>, <a href="/wiki/YAFFS" title="YAFFS">Yaffs2</a>, <a href="/wiki/ReiserFS" title="ReiserFS">ReiserFS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reiser4" title="Reiser4">Reiser4</a>, <a href="/wiki/XFS" title="XFS">XFS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Btrfs" title="Btrfs">Btrfs</a>, <a href="/wiki/OrangeFS" title="OrangeFS">OrangeFS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lustre_(file_system)" title="Lustre (file system)">Lustre</a>, <a href="/wiki/OCFS2" title="OCFS2">OCFS2 1.6</a>, <a href="/wiki/ZFS" title="ZFS">ZFS</a>, and <a href="/wiki/F2FS" title="F2FS">F2FS</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> filesystems support extended attributes (abbreviated <i>xattr</i>) when enabled in the kernel configuration. Any regular file or directory may have extended attributes consisting of a name and associated data. The name must be a <a href="/wiki/Null-terminated_string" title="Null-terminated string">null-terminated string</a> prefixed by a <a href="/wiki/Namespace" title="Namespace">namespace</a> identifier and a dot character. Currently, four namespaces exist: user, trusted, security and system. The user namespace has no restrictions with regard to naming or contents. The system namespace is primarily used by the kernel for <a href="/wiki/Access_control_list" class="mw-redirect" title="Access control list">access control lists</a>. The security namespace is used by <a href="/wiki/SELinux" class="mw-redirect" title="SELinux">SELinux</a>, for example. </p><p>Support for the extended attribute concept from a POSIX.1e draft<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> that had been withdrawn<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1997 was added to Linux around 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2016, they are not yet in widespread use by user-space Linux programs, but are used by <a href="/wiki/Beagle_(software)" title="Beagle (software)">Beagle</a>, <a href="/wiki/OpenStack#Object_storage_(Swift)" title="OpenStack">OpenStack Swift</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dropbox_(service)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dropbox (service)">Dropbox</a>, <a href="/wiki/KDE" title="KDE">KDE</a>'s semantic metadata framework (Baloo), <a href="/wiki/Chromium_(web_browser)" title="Chromium (web browser)">Chromium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wget" title="Wget">Wget</a> and <a href="/wiki/CURL" title="CURL">cURL</a>. </p><p>The Linux kernel allows extended attribute to have names of up to 255 bytes and values of up to 64 KiB,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as do <a href="/wiki/XFS#Extended_attributes" title="XFS">XFS</a> and <a href="/wiki/ReiserFS" title="ReiserFS">ReiserFS</a>, but <a href="/wiki/Ext2" title="Ext2">ext2</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ext3" title="Ext3">3</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ext4" title="Ext4">4</a> and <a href="/wiki/Btrfs" title="Btrfs">btrfs</a> impose much smaller limits, requiring all the attributes (names and values) of one file to fit in one "filesystem block" (usually 4 KiB). Per POSIX.1e,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> the names are required to start with one of <i>security</i>, <i>system</i>, <i>trusted</i>, and <i>user</i> plus a period. This defines the four namespaces of extended attributes.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Extended attributes can be accessed and modified using the <code>getfattr</code> and <code>setfattr</code> commands from the <code>attr</code> package on most distributions.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The APIs are called <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">getxattr</code> and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">setxattr</code>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="macOS">macOS</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_file_attributes&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: macOS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Tiger" title="Mac OS X Tiger">Mac OS X 10.4</a> and later support extended attributes by making use of the <a href="/wiki/HFS_Plus" title="HFS Plus">HFS+</a> filesystem Attributes File <a href="/wiki/B*-tree" class="mw-redirect" title="B*-tree">B*-tree</a> feature which allows for named forks. Although the named forks in HFS+ support arbitrarily large amounts of data through extents, the OS support for extended attributes only supports inline attributes, limiting their size to that which can fit within a single B*-tree node.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Any regular file may have a list of extended attributes. HFS+ supports an arbitrary number of named forks, and it is unknown if <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> imposes any limit on the number of extended attributes. </p><p>Each attribute consists of a name and the associated data. The name is a <a href="/wiki/Null-terminated_string" title="Null-terminated string">null-terminated</a> <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> string. No namespace restrictions are present (making this an <i>open xattr</i> system) and the convention is to use a reverse DNS string (similar to <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Type_Identifier" title="Uniform Type Identifier">Uniform Type Identifiers</a>) as the attribute name. </p><p>macOS supports listing,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> getting,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> setting,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and removing<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> extended attributes from files or directories using a Linux-like API. From the command line, these abilities are exposed through the <i>xattr</i> utility.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since macOS 10.5, files originating from the web are marked with <code>com.apple.quarantine</code> via extended file attributes.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some older versions of macOS (such as <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Snow_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Snow Leopard">Mac OS X 10.6</a>), user space extended attributes were not preserved on save in common <a href="/wiki/Cocoa_(API)" title="Cocoa (API)">Cocoa</a> applications (TextEdit, Preview etc.).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="OpenBSD">OpenBSD</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_file_attributes&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: OpenBSD"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Support for extended file attributes was removed from the <a href="/wiki/OpenBSD" title="OpenBSD">OpenBSD</a> source code in 2005 due to a lack of interest in <a href="/wiki/Access_Control_Lists" class="mw-redirect" title="Access Control Lists">Access Control Lists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="OS/2"><span id="OS.2F2"></span>OS/2</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_file_attributes&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: OS/2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a> version 1.2 and later, the <a href="/wiki/High_Performance_File_System" title="High Performance File System">High Performance File System</a> was designed with extended attributes in mind, but support for them was also retro-fitted on the <a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">FAT</a> filesystem of DOS. For compatibility with other operating systems using a FAT partition, OS/2 attributes are stored inside a single file "<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">EA DATA. SF</code>" located in the root directory. This file is normally inaccessible when an operating system supporting extended attributes manages the disk, but can be freely manipulated under, for example, DOS. Files and directories having extended attributes use one or more <a href="/wiki/Cluster_(file_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cluster (file system)">clusters</a> inside this file. The logical cluster number of the first used cluster is stored inside the owning file's or directory's <a href="/wiki/FAT_extended_file_attributes" class="mw-redirect" title="FAT extended file attributes">directory entry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-os2-fat-extended-attributes_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-os2-fat-extended-attributes-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These two bytes are used for other purposes on the FAT32 filesystem, and hence OS/2 extended attributes cannot be stored on this filesystem. </p><p>Parts of OS/2 version 2.0 and later such as the <a href="/wiki/Workplace_Shell" title="Workplace Shell">Workplace Shell</a> uses several standardized extended attributes (also called <i>EAs</i>) for purposes like identifying the filetype, comments, <a href="/wiki/Computer_icon" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer icon">computer icons</a> and keywords about the file. Programs written in the interpreted language <a href="/wiki/Rexx" title="Rexx">Rexx</a> store an already <a href="/wiki/Parse" class="mw-redirect" title="Parse">parsed</a> version of the code as an extended attribute, to allow faster execution. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Solaris">Solaris</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_file_attributes&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Solaris"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solaris (operating system)">Solaris</a> version 9 and later allows files to have "extended attributes", which are actually <a href="/wiki/Fork_(file_system)" title="Fork (file system)">forks</a>; the maximum size of an "extended attribute" is the same as the maximum size of a file, and they are read and written in the same fashion as files. Internally, they are actually stored and accessed like normal files, so their names cannot contain "/" characters<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and their ownership and permissions can differ from those of the parent file. </p><p>Version 4 of the <a href="/wiki/Network_File_System" title="Network File System">Network File System</a> supports extended attributes in much the same way as Solaris. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Windows_NT">Windows NT</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_file_attributes&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Windows NT"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a>, limited-length extended attributes are supported by <a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">FAT</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-os2-fat-extended-attributes_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-os2-fat-extended-attributes-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/High_Performance_File_System" title="High Performance File System">HPFS</a>, and <a href="/wiki/NTFS" title="NTFS">NTFS</a>. This was implemented as part of the <a href="/wiki/OS/2_subsystem" class="mw-redirect" title="OS/2 subsystem">OS/2 subsystem</a>. They are notably used by the <a href="/wiki/Network_File_System_(protocol)" class="mw-redirect" title="Network File System (protocol)">NFS</a> server of the <a href="/wiki/Interix" title="Interix">Interix</a> POSIX subsystem in order to implement Unix-like permissions. The <a href="/wiki/Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux" title="Windows Subsystem for Linux">Windows Subsystem for Linux</a> added in the <a href="/wiki/Windows_10#Redstone" title="Windows 10">Windows 10 Anniversary Update</a> uses them for similar purposes, storing the Linux file mode, owner, device ID (if applicable), and file times in the extended attributes.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additionally, <a href="/wiki/NTFS" title="NTFS">NTFS</a> can store arbitrary-length extended attributes in the form of <a href="/wiki/NTFS#Alternate_data_stream_(ADS)" title="NTFS">alternate data streams</a> (ADS), a type of <a href="/wiki/Fork_(file_system)" title="Fork (file system)">resource fork</a>. Plugins for the file manager <a href="/wiki/Total_Commander" title="Total Commander">Total Commander</a>, like <i>NTFS Descriptions</i> and <i>QuickSearch eXtended</i> support filtering the file list by or searching for metadata contained in ADS.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/NTFS-3G" title="NTFS-3G">NTFS-3G</a> supports mapping ADS to extended attributes in <a href="/wiki/Filesystem_in_Userspace" title="Filesystem in Userspace">FUSE</a>; it also maps file attributes that way.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_file_attributes&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attribute%E2%80%93value_pair" class="mw-redirect" title="Attribute–value pair">Attribute–value pair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_attribute" title="File attribute">File attribute</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_file_attributes&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://manned.org/xattr.7">xattr(7)</a></code></span> – <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> Programmer's <a href="/wiki/Man_page" title="Man page">Manual</a> – Overview, Conventions and Miscellanea</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/ssw_aix_72/com.ibm.aix.cmds2/getea.htm">"getea Command"</a>. <i>IBM <a href="/wiki/AIX" class="mw-redirect" title="AIX">AIX</a> V7.2 documentation</i>. <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IBM+AIX+V7.2+documentation&rft.atitle=getea+Command&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fsupport%2Fknowledgecenter%2Fen%2Fssw_aix_72%2Fcom.ibm.aix.cmds2%2Fgetea.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+file+attributes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/ssw_aix_72/com.ibm.aix.basetrf1/getea.htm">"getea Subroutine"</a>. <i>IBM AIX V7.2 documentation: Base Operating System and Extensions, Volume 1</i>. IBM<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IBM+AIX+V7.2+documentation%3A+Base+Operating+System+and+Extensions%2C+Volume+1&rft.atitle=getea+Subroutine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fsupport%2Fknowledgecenter%2Fen%2Fssw_aix_72%2Fcom.ibm.aix.basetrf1%2Fgetea.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+file+attributes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/ssw_aix_72/com.ibm.aix.basetrf2/setea.htm">"setea Subroutine"</a>. <i>IBM AIX V7.2 documentation: Base Operating System and Extensions, Volume 2</i>. IBM<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IBM+AIX+V7.2+documentation%3A+Base+Operating+System+and+Extensions%2C+Volume+2&rft.atitle=setea+Subroutine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fsupport%2Fknowledgecenter%2Fen%2Fssw_aix_72%2Fcom.ibm.aix.basetrf2%2Fsetea.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+file+attributes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/ssw_aix_72/com.ibm.aix.basetrf1/listea.htm">"listea Subroutine"</a>. <i>IBM AIX V7.2 documentation: Base Operating System and Extensions, Volume 1</i>. IBM<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IBM+AIX+V7.2+documentation%3A+Base+Operating+System+and+Extensions%2C+Volume+1&rft.atitle=listea+Subroutine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fsupport%2Fknowledgecenter%2Fen%2Fssw_aix_72%2Fcom.ibm.aix.basetrf1%2Flistea.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+file+attributes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/ssw_aix_72/com.ibm.aix.basetrf2/statea.htm">"statea Subroutine"</a>. <i>IBM AIX V7.2 documentation: Base Operating System and Extensions, Volume 2</i>. IBM<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IBM+AIX+V7.2+documentation%3A+Base+Operating+System+and+Extensions%2C+Volume+2&rft.atitle=statea+Subroutine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fsupport%2Fknowledgecenter%2Fen%2Fssw_aix_72%2Fcom.ibm.aix.basetrf2%2Fstatea.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+file+attributes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/ssw_aix_72/com.ibm.aix.basetrf2/removeea.htm">"removeea Subroutine"</a>. <i>IBM AIX V7.2 documentation: Base Operating System and Extensions, Volume 2</i>. IBM<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IBM+AIX+V7.2+documentation%3A+Base+Operating+System+and+Extensions%2C+Volume+2&rft.atitle=removeea+Subroutine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fsupport%2Fknowledgecenter%2Fen%2Fssw_aix_72%2Fcom.ibm.aix.basetrf2%2Fremoveea.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+file+attributes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haiku-os.org/docs/userguide/en/attributes.html">"Attributes"</a>. <i>Haiku User Guide</i>. Haiku, Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haiku+User+Guide&rft.atitle=Workshop%3A+Managing+Emails&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haiku-os.org%2Fdocs%2Fuserguide%2Fen%2Fworkshop-email.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+file+attributes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=extattr&sektion=2">extattr(2)</a></code></span> – <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a> System Calls <a href="/wiki/Man_page" title="Man page">Manual</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKim2012" class="citation web cs1">Kim, Jaegeuk (2012-10-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lkml.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/1210.0/03190.html">"[PATCH 13/16] f2fs: add xattr and acl functionalities"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%5BPATCH+13%2F16%5D+f2fs%3A+add+xattr+and+acl+functionalities&rft.date=2012-10-05&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Jaegeuk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flkml.iu.edu%2Fhypermail%2Flinux%2Fkernel%2F1210.0%2F03190.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+file+attributes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchaufler2002" class="citation newsgroup cs1">Schaufler, Casey (2002-04-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/g/comp.security.unix/c/gfyLMetqubs/m/hipaUcdWosAJ">"Posix.1e?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Usenet_newsgroup" title="Usenet newsgroup">Newsgroup</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:comp.security.unix">comp.security.unix</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Posix.1e%3F&rft.pub=comp.security.unix&rft.date=2002-04-30&rft.aulast=Schaufler&rft.aufirst=Casey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fg%2Fcomp.security.unix%2Fc%2FgfyLMetqubs%2Fm%2FhipaUcdWosAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+file+attributes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tglx/history.git/commit/include/?id=1ea864f1c53bc771294e61cf9be43b1d22e78f4c">"v2.5.3 git commit log"</a>. 2002-02-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=v2.5.3+git+commit+log&rft.date=2002-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgit.kernel.org%2Fpub%2Fscm%2Flinux%2Fkernel%2Fgit%2Ftglx%2Fhistory.git%2Fcommit%2Finclude%2F%3Fid%3D1ea864f1c53bc771294e61cf9be43b1d22e78f4c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+file+attributes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170709142229/https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/3/html/Release_Notes/as-x86/index.html">"Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 3 Release Notes (x86 Edition)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat">Red Hat</a>. 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/3/html/Release_Notes/as-x86/index.html">the original</a> on 2017-07-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-11</span></span>. <q>EA (Extended Attributes) and ACL (Access Control Lists) functionality is now available for ext3 file systems. In addition, ACL functionality is available for NFS.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Red+Hat+Enterprise+Linux+AS+3+Release+Notes+%28x86+Edition%29&rft.pub=Red+Hat&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faccess.redhat.com%2Fdocumentation%2Fen-US%2FRed_Hat_Enterprise_Linux%2F3%2Fhtml%2FRelease_Notes%2Fas-x86%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+file+attributes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/include/uapi/linux/limits.h?id=607ca46e97a1b6594b29647d98a32d545c24bdff#n15">"linux/include/uapi/linux/limits.h"</a>. 2012-10-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=linux%2Finclude%2Fuapi%2Flinux%2Flimits.h&rft.date=2012-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgit.kernel.org%2Fpub%2Fscm%2Flinux%2Fkernel%2Fgit%2Ftorvalds%2Flinux.git%2Ftree%2Finclude%2Fuapi%2Flinux%2Flimits.h%3Fid%3D607ca46e97a1b6594b29647d98a32d545c24bdff%23n15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+file+attributes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://manned.org/xattr.7">xattr(7)</a></code></span> – <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> Programmer's <a href="/wiki/Man_page" title="Man page">Manual</a> – Overview, Conventions and Miscellanea</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/attr/">"Commands for Manipulating Filesystem Extended Attributes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GNU_Savannah" title="GNU Savannah">GNU Savannah</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GNU+Savannah&rft.atitle=Commands+for+Manipulating+Filesystem+Extended+Attributes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsavannah.nongnu.org%2Fprojects%2Fattr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+file+attributes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://keith.github.io/xcode-man-pages/listxattr.2.html">listxattr(2)</a></code></span> – <a href="/wiki/Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a> and <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> System Calls <a href="/wiki/Man_page" title="Man page">Manual</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://keith.github.io/xcode-man-pages/getxattr.2.html">getxattr(2)</a></code></span> – <a href="/wiki/Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a> and <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> System Calls <a href="/wiki/Man_page" title="Man page">Manual</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://keith.github.io/xcode-man-pages/setxattr.2.html">setxattr(2)</a></code></span> – <a href="/wiki/Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a> and <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> System Calls <a href="/wiki/Man_page" title="Man page">Manual</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://keith.github.io/xcode-man-pages/removexattr.2.html">removexattr(2)</a></code></span> – <a href="/wiki/Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a> and <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> System Calls <a href="/wiki/Man_page" title="Man page">Manual</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://keith.github.io/xcode-man-pages/xattr.1.html">xattr(1)</a></code></span> – <a href="/wiki/Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a> and <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> General Commands <a href="/wiki/Man_page" title="Man page">Manual</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/releasenotes/Carbon/RN-LaunchServices/index.html">"Launch Services Release Notes"</a>. <i>developer.apple.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=developer.apple.com&rft.atitle=Launch+Services+Release+Notes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.apple.com%2Flibrary%2Farchive%2Freleasenotes%2FCarbon%2FRN-LaunchServices%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+file+attributes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDale_Rahn2005" class="citation web cs1">Dale Rahn (2005-07-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cvsweb.openbsd.org/src/sys/ufs/ufs/Attic/extattr.h">"CVS log for src/sys/ufs/ufs/Attic/extattr.h"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CVS+log+for+src%2Fsys%2Fufs%2Fufs%2FAttic%2Fextattr.h&rft.date=2005-07-03&rft.au=Dale+Rahn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcvsweb.openbsd.org%2Fsrc%2Fsys%2Fufs%2Fufs%2FAttic%2Fextattr.h&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+file+attributes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-os2-fat-extended-attributes-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-os2-fat-extended-attributes_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-os2-fat-extended-attributes_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEager2000" class="citation web cs1">Eager, Bob (2000-10-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tavi.co.uk/os2pages/eadata.html">"Implementation of extended attributes on the FAT file system"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Implementation+of+extended+attributes+on+the+FAT+file+system&rft.date=2000-10-28&rft.aulast=Eager&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tavi.co.uk%2Fos2pages%2Feadata.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+file+attributes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E88353_01/html/E37853/fsattr-7.html">fsattr(7)</a></code></span> – <a href="/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solaris (operating system)">Solaris 11.4</a> Standards, Environments, Macros, Character Sets, and Miscellany Reference <a href="/wiki/Man_page" title="Man page">Manual</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammons2016" class="citation web cs1">Hammons, Jack (2016-06-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/wsl/2016/06/15/wsl-file-system-support/">"WSL File System Support"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MSDN" class="mw-redirect" title="MSDN">MSDN</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WSL+File+System+Support&rft.pub=MSDN&rft.date=2016-06-15&rft.aulast=Hammons&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.msdn.microsoft.com%2Fwsl%2F2016%2F06%2F15%2Fwsl-file-system-support%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+file+attributes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://totalcmd.net/plugring/NTFS_diz.html">"NTFS Descriptions 1.2.1"</a>. <i>TotalCmd.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TotalCmd.net&rft.atitle=NTFS+Descriptions+1.2.1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftotalcmd.net%2Fplugring%2FNTFS_diz.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+file+attributes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://totalcmd.net/plugring/google_like_qs.html">"QuickSearch eXtended"</a>. <i>TotalCmd.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TotalCmd.net&rft.atitle=QuickSearch+eXtended&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftotalcmd.net%2Fplugring%2Fgoogle_like_qs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtended+file+attributes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200814021136/https://www.tuxera.com/community/ntfs-3g-advanced/extended-attributes/">"Extended Attributes"</a>. <i>Tuxera</i>. 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