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class="vector-toc-text">Algus</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Lainete_liigitus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lainete_liigitus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Lainete liigitus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lainete_liigitus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lainete_tekkimine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lainete_tekkimine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Lainete tekkimine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lainete_tekkimine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energia_edasikandmine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energia_edasikandmine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Energia edasikandmine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energia_edasikandmine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Laine_karakteristikud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Laine_karakteristikud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Laine karakteristikud</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Laine_karakteristikud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amplituud_ja_hälve" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amplituud_ja_hälve"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Amplituud ja hälve</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amplituud_ja_hälve-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lainevõrrand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lainevõrrand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Lainevõrrand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lainevõrrand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vaata_ka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vaata_ka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Vaata ka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vaata_ka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Märkused" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Märkused"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Märkused</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Märkused-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kirjandus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kirjandus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Kirjandus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kirjandus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Välislingid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Välislingid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Välislingid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Välislingid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sisukord" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Sisukord" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lülita sisukord ümber" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lülita sisukord ümber</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Laine</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mine teises keeles artiklisse. Saadaval 103 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-103" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">103 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_(fisika)" title="Golf (fisika) – afrikaani" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Golf (fisika)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A9" title="موجة – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="موجة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda_(fisica)" title="Onda (fisica) – aragoni" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Onda (fisica)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%93%DC%A0%DC%A0%DC%90" title="ܓܠܠܐ – aramea" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܓܠܠܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda" title="Onda – astuuria" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Onda" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astuuria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dal%C4%9Fa_(fizika)" title="Dalğa (fizika) – aserbaidžaani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dalğa (fizika)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelombang" title="Gelombang – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gelombang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelombang" title="Gelombang – malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gelombang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97" title="তরঙ্গ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তরঙ্গ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pho-t%C5%8Dng" title="Pho-tōng – lõunamini" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pho-tōng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="lõunamini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Хваля – valgevene" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хваля" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="valgevene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Хваля – valgevene (taraškievitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хваля" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="valgevene (taraškievitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="तरंग – bihaari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="तरंग" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="bihaari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talas" title="Talas – bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Talas" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Вълна – bulgaaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вълна" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ona" title="Ona – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ona" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хум – tšuvaši" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хум" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tšuvaši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vln%C4%9Bn%C3%AD" title="Vlnění – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vlnění" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masaisai" title="Masaisai – šona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Masaisai" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="šona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ton" title="Ton – kõmri" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ton" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kõmri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B8lge" title="Bølge – taani" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bølge" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="taani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welle" title="Welle – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Welle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Κύμα – kreeka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κύμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="kreeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave" title="Wave – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Wave" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda" title="Onda – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Onda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ondo" title="Ondo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ondo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhin" title="Uhin – baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Uhin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC" title="موج – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موج" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onde" title="Onde – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Onde" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda_(f%C3%ADsica)" title="Onda (física) – galeegi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Onda (física)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galeegi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EB%8F%99" title="파동 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파동" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ալիքներ – armeenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալիքներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="तरंग – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तरंग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val" title="Val – horvaadi" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Val" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ondo" title="Ondo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ondo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bylgja" title="Bylgja – islandi" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bylgja" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda" title="Onda – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Onda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%9C" title="גל – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97" title="ತರಂಗ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ತರಂಗ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90" title="ტალღა – gruusia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტალღა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Толқын – kasahhi" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Толқын" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasahhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Толкун – kirgiisi" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Толкун" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wimbi" title="Wimbi – suahiili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Wimbi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahiili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onn" title="Onn – haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Onn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%AAl" title="Pêl – kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pêl" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unda" title="Unda – ladina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Unda" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ladina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C4%BC%C5%86i" title="Viļņi – läti" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Viļņi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="läti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banga" title="Banga – leedu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Banga" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="leedu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_(natuurkunde)" title="Golf (natuurkunde) – limburgi" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Golf (natuurkunde)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/boxna" title="boxna – ložban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="boxna" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ložban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hull%C3%A1m" title="Hullám – ungari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hullám" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бран – makedoonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бран" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedoonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82" title="തരംഗം – malajalami" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തരംഗം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="तरंग – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तरंग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="الموجات – Egiptuse araabia" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الموجات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egiptuse araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="လှိုင်း – birma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လှိုင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ua" title="Ua – fidži" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Ua" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fidži" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_(natuurkunde)" title="Golf (natuurkunde) – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Golf (natuurkunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%8B%95" title="波動 – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="波動" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waag" title="Waag – põhjafriisi" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Waag" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="põhjafriisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B8lge" title="Bølge – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bølge" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B8lgje" title="Bølgje – uusnorra" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bølgje" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="uusnorra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda" title="Onda – oksitaani" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Onda" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%CA%BBlqinlar" title="Toʻlqinlar – usbeki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Toʻlqinlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9B%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2" title="ਛੱਲ – pandžabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਛੱਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%81%D8%B1" title="لہر – lahnda" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لہر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="lahnda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%85%D9%BE%D9%87" title="څپه – puštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="څپه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="puštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda" title="Onda – piemonte" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Onda" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemonte" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BClg_(Physik)" title="Bülg (Physik) – alamsaksa" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Bülg (Physik)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="alamsaksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fala" title="Fala – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fala" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda" title="Onda – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Onda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Und%C4%83" title="Undă – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Undă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pillunya" title="Pillunya – ketšua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pillunya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ketšua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Вовнїня – russiini" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Вовнїня" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="russiini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Волна – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Волна" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waw_(science)" title="Waw (science) – šoti" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Waw (science)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="šoti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallga" title="Dallga – albaania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dallga" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_(physics)" title="Wave (physics) – lihtsustatud inglise" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wave (physics)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="lihtsustatud inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlnenie" title="Vlnenie – slovaki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vlnenie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valovanje" title="Valovanje – sloveeni" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Valovanje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mowjad" title="Mowjad – somaali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Mowjad" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%95%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84" title="شەپۆل – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شەپۆل" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Талас (физика) – serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Талас (физика)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val" title="Val – serbia-horvaadi" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Val" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbia-horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelombang" title="Gelombang – sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Gelombang" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aalto_(fysiikka)" title="Aalto (fysiikka) – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aalto (fysiikka)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A5gr%C3%B6relse" title="Vågrörelse – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vågrörelse" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%E1%B8%8D%E1%B8%8Danga" title="Taḍḍanga – šilha" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Taḍḍanga" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="šilha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alon" title="Alon – tagalogi" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Alon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalogi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="அலை – tamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="తరంగము – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="తరంగము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="คลื่น – tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คลื่น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3ng" title="Sóng – vietnami" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sóng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalga_(fizik)" title="Dalga (fizik) – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dalga (fizik)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Хвиля – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хвиля" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC" title="موج – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="موج" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2" title="波 – klassikaline hiina" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="波" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="klassikaline hiina" 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class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lehekülje tööriistad"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Ilme"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ilme</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">peida</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Allikas: Vikipeedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="et" dir="ltr"><table> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></span></span> </td> <td> <i>See artikkel räägib füüsika mõistest; teiste tähenduste kohta vaata lehekülge <a href="/wiki/Laine_(t%C3%A4psustus)" class="mw-disambig" title="Laine (täpsustus)">Laine (täpsustus)</a>.</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <hr /> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Simple_harmonic_motion_animation.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Simple_harmonic_motion_animation.gif/220px-Simple_harmonic_motion_animation.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Simple_harmonic_motion_animation.gif/330px-Simple_harmonic_motion_animation.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Simple_harmonic_motion_animation.gif/440px-Simple_harmonic_motion_animation.gif 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="242" /></a><figcaption>Lainet saab esitada lihtsa harmoonilise liikumisena</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Laineks</b> nimetatakse <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5nkumine" title="Võnkumine">võnkumise</a> levimisprotsessi <a href="/wiki/Ruum_(f%C3%BC%C3%BCsika)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruum (füüsika)">ruumis</a>. Laine kui <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4iritus" title="Häiritus">häiritus</a> levib <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keskkond_(f%C3%BC%C3%BCsika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keskkond (füüsika) (pole veel kirjutatud)">keskkonnas</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Levimiskeskkond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Levimiskeskkond (pole veel kirjutatud)">levimiskeskkonnas</a>) lõpliku kiirusega (<a href="/wiki/Laine_levimiskiirus" title="Laine levimiskiirus">laine levimiskiirus</a>). Ainsana ei vaja keskkonda <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetlained" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektromagnetlained">elektromagnetlained</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lainete_liigitus">Lainete liigitus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laine&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Lainete liigitus"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laine&action=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Lainete liigitus" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lained jagunevad <a href="/wiki/Ristlaine" title="Ristlaine">ristlaineteks</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Pikilaine" title="Pikilaine">pikilaineteks</a>. </p><p>Keskkonna järgi lained <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruumelastsuslaine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruumelastsuslaine (pole veel kirjutatud)">ruumelastsuslaineteks</a> ja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kujuelastsuslaine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kujuelastsuslaine (pole veel kirjutatud)">kujuelastsuslaineteks</a>. </p><p>On olemas ka <a href="/wiki/Pinnalaine" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinnalaine">pinnalained</a>, mille puhul on häiritud vedeliku pind. Paralleelsete <a href="/wiki/Lainepind" title="Lainepind">lainepindadega</a> laineid nimetatakse <a href="/wiki/Tasalaine" title="Tasalaine">tasalaineteks</a>, kontsentriliste <a href="/wiki/Sf%C3%A4%C3%A4r" title="Sfäär">sfääridega</a> laineid <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sf%C3%A4%C3%A4riline_laine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sfääriline laine (pole veel kirjutatud)">sfäärilisteks laineteks</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lainete_tekkimine">Lainete tekkimine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laine&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Lainete tekkimine"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laine&action=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Lainete tekkimine" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Laine on <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5nkumine" title="Võnkumine">võnkumiste</a> levimine. </p><p>Lainet <a href="/wiki/Elastne_keskkond" title="Elastne keskkond">elastses keskkonnas</a> tekitab selle ühe osa häiritus, millest tuleb <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5nkumine" title="Võnkumine">võnkumine</a> ümber tasakaaluasendi. Lainet keskkonnas põhjustab võnkeallika <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5nkumine" title="Võnkumine">võnkumine</a>. </p><p>Keskkonna elastsuse tõttu levib häiritus ühest punktist teise. </p><p>Kui võnkeallikas võngub harmooniliselt, siis on ka tekkiv laine <a href="/wiki/Harmooniline_v%C3%B5nkumine" title="Harmooniline võnkumine">harmooniline</a>, ehk teisiti öeldes, laine profiiliks on <a href="/wiki/Sinusoid" title="Sinusoid">sinusoid</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Laine_levimiskiirus" title="Laine levimiskiirus">Laine levimiskiiruse</a> määrab keskkonna <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inertsus_(f%C3%BC%C3%BCsika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inertsus (füüsika) (pole veel kirjutatud)">inertsuse</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Elastsus" title="Elastsus">elastsuse</a> vaheline vastastikune toime. Elastsusel põhinevad jõud, mis püüavad häiritusest tingitud seisundimuutust kaotada, inertsus paneb nende jõudude toimele vastu. </p><p>Laineid saab tekitada ka gaasis, näiteks õhus. Laineallikaks on sel juhul <a href="/wiki/Heliallikas" title="Heliallikas">heliallikas</a>, mis paneb õhuosakesed võnkuma. Tekkivad õhu tiheduse muutused hakkavad ruumis levima lainena. Kui <a href="/wiki/Heliallikas" title="Heliallikas">heliallikas</a> võngub harmooniliselt, siis on ka tekkiv laine <a href="/wiki/Harmooniline_v%C3%B5nkumine" title="Harmooniline võnkumine">harmooniline</a> – see tähendab, et häiritused alluvad <a href="/wiki/Harmooniline_v%C3%B5nkumine" title="Harmooniline võnkumine">harmoonilise võnkumise</a> seadusele. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Energia_edasikandmine">Energia edasikandmine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laine&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Energia edasikandmine"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laine&action=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Energia edasikandmine" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Laine põhitunnuseks on <a href="/wiki/Energia" title="Energia">energia</a> edasikandmine. Näiteks <a href="/wiki/Helilaine" title="Helilaine">helilaine</a> kannab edasi helienergiat (muidu me ei kuuleks <a href="/wiki/Heli" title="Heli">heli</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valguslaine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valguslaine (pole veel kirjutatud)">valguslaine</a> kannab edasi valgusenergiat (muidu me ei näeks <a href="/wiki/Valgus" title="Valgus">valgust</a>). </p><p>Katseliselt on kindlaks tehtud, et <a href="/wiki/Veelaine" class="mw-redirect" title="Veelaine">veelaine</a> paneb triivivad esemed liikuma. See viitab energia edasikandmisele lainelt neile esemetele. </p><p>Laine energia koosneb <a href="/wiki/Kineetiline_energia" title="Kineetiline energia">kineetilisest energiast</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Potentsiaalne_energia" title="Potentsiaalne energia">potentsiaalsest energiast</a>. See energia kandub keskkonna osalt edasi naaberosadele. Mehaaniline laine kannab energiat edasi, ilma et keskkond kohta vahetaks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Laine_karakteristikud">Laine karakteristikud</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laine&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Laine karakteristikud"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laine&action=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Laine karakteristikud" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Laine_karakteristikud.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Laine_karakteristikud.svg/330px-Laine_karakteristikud.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Laine_karakteristikud.svg/500px-Laine_karakteristikud.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Laine_karakteristikud.svg/600px-Laine_karakteristikud.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="679" data-file-height="294" /></a><figcaption>Laine karakteristikuid</figcaption></figure> <p>Laine kirjeldamisel kasutatakse mitmeid suurusi. Neist olulisimad on <a href="/wiki/Lainepikkus" title="Lainepikkus">lainepikkus</a> (tähis λ (lambda)), lainekõrgus ehk <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4lve" title="Hälve">hälve</a> (tähis <i>h</i> või <i>x</i>) ja lainete <a href="/wiki/Kiirus" title="Kiirus">levimiskiirust</a> (tähis <i>v</i>). Harvem räägitakse ka <a href="/wiki/Laine_amplituud" title="Laine amplituud">laine amplituudist</a> ehk maksimaalsest hälbest (tähis <i>A</i>), laine<a href="/wiki/Periood" title="Periood">perioodist</a> (tähis <i>T</i>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laine_j%C3%A4rskus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laine järskus (pole veel kirjutatud)">laine järskusest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sagedus" title="Sagedus">sagedusest</a> (tähis <i>f</i>). </p><p><b>Karakteristikute vahel kehtivad järgmised seosed:</b> </p> <ul><li>Periood ja sagedus</li></ul> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T={\frac {1}{f}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>f</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T={\frac {1}{f}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9738d100b1fb3fefa126479be1ba1f9bbe9d5e9e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:6.849ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T={\frac {1}{f}}}" /></span> </p> <ul><li>Kiirus, lainepikkus ja periood</li></ul> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v={\frac {\lambda }{T}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>v</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>λ</mi> <mi>T</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v={\frac {\lambda }{T}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b4e7c044c1c04db44d9524765663cdec6c087336" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:6.698ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v={\frac {\lambda }{T}}}" /></span> (tihtib esineb ka kujul <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v=\lambda \cdot f}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>v</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>f</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v=\lambda \cdot f}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/947e9c0eaff40c0faecbdbc58dd58305e9dee8d3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.539ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v=\lambda \cdot f}" /></span>) </p><p>Analoog <a href="/wiki/Mehaanika" title="Mehaanika">mehaanika</a> võrrandile <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v={\frac {s}{t}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>v</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>s</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v={\frac {s}{t}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/50ca3d49ab31db3fd13871d42481940bf4edea1e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:6.153ex; height:4.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v={\frac {s}{t}}}" /></span>, kus <a href="/wiki/Teepikkus" title="Teepikkus">teepikkuse</a> rollis on üks lainepikkus ning aja rollis periood ehk lainepikkuse läbimiseks kulunud aeg. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Amplituud_ja_hälve"><span id="Amplituud_ja_h.C3.A4lve"></span>Amplituud ja hälve</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laine&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Amplituud ja hälve"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laine&action=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Amplituud ja hälve" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hälbeks nimetatakse keha kaugust <a href="/wiki/Tasakaaluolek" title="Tasakaaluolek">tasakaaluasendist</a>. Hälve on <a href="/wiki/Harmooniline_v%C3%B5nkumine" title="Harmooniline võnkumine">harmoonilisel võnkumisel</a> ajas perioodiliselt muutuv suurus. Amplituud on maksimaalne hälve, mida üldjuhul tähistatakse A-ga või alaindeksiga m hälbe tähisel. Amplituud võib esineda nii konstandina kui ma funktsioonina, mis võib muutuda nii ajas kui <a href="/wiki/Ruum" title="Ruum">ruumis</a>. Viimasel juhul nimetatakse lainet <a href="/wiki/Modulatsioon_(%C3%BClekandetehnika)" title="Modulatsioon (ülekandetehnika)">moduleerituks</a>. Nii hälbe kui ka amplituudi ühik SI-s on meeter (1 m). <a href="/wiki/Sirge" title="Sirge">Ühemõõtmelise</a> harmoonilise laine hälvet kirjeldab funktsioon </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle u(x,t)=A(x,t)\cdot \operatorname {sin} (\omega t-kx+\varphi _{0})}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ω</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>φ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle u(x,t)=A(x,t)\cdot \operatorname {sin} (\omega t-kx+\varphi _{0})}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0d05cd29b6d68b69dbe0fb881bed3d7c05afc563" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:35.622ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle u(x,t)=A(x,t)\cdot \operatorname {sin} (\omega t-kx+\varphi _{0})}" /></span> (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \omega }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ω</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \omega }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/48eff443f9de7a985bb94ca3bde20813ea737be8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.446ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \omega }" /></span> – <a href="/wiki/Ringsagedus" title="Ringsagedus">ringsagedus</a>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>k</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c3c9a2c7b599b37105512c5d570edc034056dd40" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.211ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k}" /></span> – <a href="/wiki/Lainearv" title="Lainearv">lainearv</a>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \varphi _{0}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>φ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \varphi _{0}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6cf63e8f16cefbe25d3d028fbb464a8c4a53cc7b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.574ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \varphi _{0}}" /></span> – algfaas).</dd></dl> <p>Moduleerimata kujul oleks <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A=const}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A=const}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4de02af0a1e988d308a1117877ad753b14db18fc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:10.301ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A=const}" /></span>. Valemis kasutatud ringsageduse saab avaldada kujul <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \omega ={\frac {2\pi }{T}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ω</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>π</mi> </mrow> <mi>T</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \omega ={\frac {2\pi }{T}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/689caf6d9f39dbc57a3d4ee99c82c98e31193e72" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:7.875ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \omega ={\frac {2\pi }{T}}}" /></span> ja lainearvu kujul <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k={\frac {2\pi }{\lambda }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>π</mi> </mrow> <mi>λ</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k={\frac {2\pi }{\lambda }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f567225915e2b51c00573536e20eee76db99740b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:7.64ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k={\frac {2\pi }{\lambda }}}" /></span>. Algfaas näitab, kui palju erineb ajahetkel <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t=0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>t</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t=0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/43469ec032d858feae5aa87029e22eaaf0109e9c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.101ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t=0}" /></span> võnkumise faas oma algolekust <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \omega t-kx=0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ω</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \omega t-kx=0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/aeb3300e744bd8ca1c55d10407e1c31524baea21" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:11.928ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \omega t-kx=0}" /></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lainevõrrand"><span id="Lainev.C3.B5rrand"></span>Lainevõrrand</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laine&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Lainevõrrand"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laine&action=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Lainevõrrand" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/20px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/40px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Lainev%C3%B5rrand" title="Lainevõrrand">Lainevõrrand</a></i></dd></dl> <p>Lainevõrrand on lainet kirjeldav <a href="/wiki/Diferentsiaalv%C3%B5rrand" title="Diferentsiaalvõrrand">diferentsiaalvõrrand</a>, mis seob laine hälvet kirjeldava <a href="/wiki/Funktsioon_(matemaatika)" title="Funktsioon (matemaatika)">funktsiooni</a> ajalise muutuja ja ruumilised muutujad; </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta u={\frac {1}{v^{2}}}{\frac {\partial ^{2}u}{\partial t^{2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <msup> <mi>t</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Delta u={\frac {1}{v^{2}}}{\frac {\partial ^{2}u}{\partial t^{2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ad1a9a54c0577db27c9e296b96b0e122055f181f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:13.945ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta u={\frac {1}{v^{2}}}{\frac {\partial ^{2}u}{\partial t^{2}}}}" /></span> (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Delta }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/32769037c408874e1890f77554c65f39c523ebe2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.936ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta }" /></span> – <a href="/wiki/Laplace%27i_operaator" title="Laplace'i operaator">Laplace'i operaator</a>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle u}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>u</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle u}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c3e6bb763d22c20916ed4f0bb6bd49d7470cffd8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle u}" /></span> – laine hälvet kirjeldav <a href="/wiki/Funktsioon_(matemaatika)" title="Funktsioon (matemaatika)">funktsioon</a>, mis sõltub ajast ja <a href="/wiki/Ristkoordinaadid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ristkoordinaadid">koordinaatidest</a>)</dd></dl> <p>Ühemõõtmelise laine puhul saab võrrandit lihtsustada: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {\partial ^{2}u}{\partial x^{2}}}={\frac {1}{v^{2}}}{\frac {\partial ^{2}u}{\partial t^{2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <msup> <mi>t</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {\partial ^{2}u}{\partial x^{2}}}={\frac {1}{v^{2}}}{\frac {\partial ^{2}u}{\partial t^{2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ecc2795b89e136981b9c05e62189e46f843e4a86" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:15.243ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {\partial ^{2}u}{\partial x^{2}}}={\frac {1}{v^{2}}}{\frac {\partial ^{2}u}{\partial t^{2}}}}" /></span>.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vaata_ka">Vaata ka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laine&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laine&action=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5477930">.mw-parser-output div.columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output div.columns dl,.mw-parser-output div.columns ol,.mw-parser-output div.columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output div.columns li,.mw-parser-output div.columns dd dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="columns" style="-moz-column-width: 23em; -webkit-column-width: 23em; column-width: 23em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Difraktsioon" title="Difraktsioon">difraktsioon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doppleri_efekt" title="Doppleri efekt">Doppleri efekt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elastsuslaine" title="Elastsuslaine">elastsuslaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetlaine" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektromagnetlaine">elektromagnetlaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heli" title="Heli">heli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huygensi_printsiip" title="Huygensi printsiip">Huygensi printsiip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferents" title="Interferents">interferents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lainev%C3%B5rrand" title="Lainevõrrand">lainevõrrand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mateerialaine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mateerialaine (pole veel kirjutatud)">mateerialaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resonants" title="Resonants">resonants</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soliton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soliton (pole veel kirjutatud)">soliton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veelained" title="Veelained">veelained</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Märkused"><span id="M.C3.A4rkused"></span>Märkused</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laine&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Märkused"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laine&action=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Märkused" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Laine levimiskeskkonnaks sobivad nii tahked, vedelad kui ka gaasilised keskkonnad.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Huygens" title="Christiaan Huygens">Christiaan Huygensi</a> kontseptsiooni järgi arvati algselt, et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valguslained&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valguslained (pole veel kirjutatud)">valguslainetel</a> on keskkond, mida nimetati <a href="/wiki/Eeter_(f%C3%BC%C3%BCsika)" title="Eeter (füüsika)">eetriks</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kirjandus">Kirjandus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laine&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Muuda alaosa "Kirjandus"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laine&action=edit&section=9" title="Muuda alaosa "Kirjandus" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Jearl Walker, David Halliday, and Robert Resnick, Füüsika põhikursus, 8th ed., 2008, vol. I.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Välislingid"><span id="V.C3.A4lislingid"></span>Välislingid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laine&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Muuda alaosa "Välislingid"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laine&action=edit&section=10" title="Muuda alaosa "Välislingid" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6724296">.mw-parser-output table.side-box{margin:4px 0;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output th.side-box-text,.mw-parser-output td.side-box-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output td.side-box-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.side-box-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.side-box a>img{max-width:none!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output table.side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output table.side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output table.side-box-left{margin-right:1em;border-collapse:collapse}}</style><table role="presentation" class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"> <tbody><tr> <td class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></td> <td class="side-box-text">Pildid, videod ja helifailid Commonsis: <b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Waves?uselang=et">Laine</a></b></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6724296" /><table role="presentation" class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"> <tbody><tr> <td class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></td> <td class="side-box-text">Tsitaadid Vikitsitaatides: <b><a href="https://et.wikiquote.org/wiki/Laine" class="extiw" title="q:Laine">Laine</a></b></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tarmo_Soomere" title="Tarmo Soomere">Tarmo Soomere</a> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loodusajakiri.ee/eesti_loodus/artikkel1550_1547.html"><i>Tuul ei suuda võistelda kiirlaevadega</i> @ loodusajakiri.ee</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://teadus.err.ee/salv?id=2753&saade=211">Teaduse helisõnastik: Soliton</a> (Tarmo Soomere) – ERR Teadus, 30. september 2010</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Pärit leheküljelt "<a dir="ltr" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laine&oldid=5763679">https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laine&oldid=5763679</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Kategooriad" title="Eri:Kategooriad">Kategooriad</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Lained" title="Kategooria:Lained">Lained</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Pideva_keskkonna_mehaanika" title="Kategooria:Pideva keskkonna mehaanika">Pideva keskkonna mehaanika</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Selle lehekülje viimane muutmine: 23:41, 30. november 2020.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst on kasutatav vastavalt Creative Commonsi litsentsile "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.et">Autorile viitamine + jagamine samadel tingimustel</a>"; sellele võivad lisanduda täiendavad tingimused. 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cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>103 keelt</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Lisa teema</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7dbbdd594f-tbkgw","wgBackendResponseTime":129,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.107","walltime":"0.232","ppvisitednodes":{"value":484,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":4933,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1014,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":11,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":3595,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 113.578 1 -total"," 50.24% 57.067 2 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