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style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1206</span> Efficient Antenna Array Beamforming with Robustness against Random Steering Mismatch</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ju-Hong%20Lee">Ju-Hong Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ching-Wei%20Liao"> Ching-Wei Liao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kun-Che%20Lee"> Kun-Che Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with the problem of using antenna sensors for adaptive beamforming in the presence of random steering mismatch. We present an efficient adaptive array beamformer with robustness to deal with the considered problem. The robustness of the proposed beamformer comes from the efficient designation of the steering vector. Using the received array data vector, we construct an appropriate correlation matrix associated with the received array data vector and a correlation matrix associated with signal sources. Then, the eigenvector associated with the largest eigenvalue of the constructed signal correlation matrix is designated as an appropriate estimate of the steering vector. Finally, the adaptive weight vector required for adaptive beamforming is obtained by using the estimated steering vector and the constructed correlation matrix of the array data vector. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20beamforming" title="adaptive beamforming">adaptive beamforming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenna%20array" title=" antenna array"> antenna array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linearly%20constrained%20minimum%20variance" title=" linearly constrained minimum variance"> linearly constrained minimum variance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robustness" title=" robustness"> robustness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steering%20vector" title=" steering vector"> steering vector</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84543/efficient-antenna-array-beamforming-with-robustness-against-random-steering-mismatch" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84543.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1205</span> Signal Processing Techniques for Adaptive Beamforming with Robustness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ju-Hong%20Lee">Ju-Hong Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ching-Wei%20Liao"> Ching-Wei Liao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Adaptive beamforming using antenna array of sensors is useful in the process of adaptively detecting and preserving the presence of the desired signal while suppressing the interference and the background noise. For conventional adaptive array beamforming, we require a prior information of either the impinging direction or the waveform of the desired signal to adapt the weights. The adaptive weights of an antenna array beamformer under a steered-beam constraint are calculated by minimizing the output power of the beamformer subject to the constraint that forces the beamformer to make a constant response in the steering direction. Hence, the performance of the beamformer is very sensitive to the accuracy of the steering operation. In the literature, it is well known that the performance of an adaptive beamformer will be deteriorated by any steering angle error encountered in many practical applications, e.g., the wireless communication systems with massive antennas deployed at the base station and user equipment. Hence, developing effective signal processing techniques to deal with the problem due to steering angle error for array beamforming systems has become an important research work. In this paper, we present an effective signal processing technique for constructing an adaptive beamformer against the steering angle error. The proposed array beamformer adaptively estimates the actual direction of the desired signal by using the presumed steering vector and the received array data snapshots. Based on the presumed steering vector and a preset angle range for steering mismatch tolerance, we first create a matrix related to the direction vector of signal sources. Two projection matrices are generated from the matrix. The projection matrix associated with the desired signal information and the received array data are utilized to iteratively estimate the actual direction vector of the desired signal. The estimated direction vector of the desired signal is then used for appropriately finding the quiescent weight vector. The other projection matrix is set to be the signal blocking matrix required for performing adaptive beamforming. Accordingly, the proposed beamformer consists of adaptive quiescent weights and partially adaptive weights. Several computer simulation examples are provided for evaluating and comparing the proposed technique with the existing robust techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20beamforming" title="adaptive beamforming">adaptive beamforming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robustness" title=" robustness"> robustness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signal%20blocking" title=" signal blocking"> signal blocking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steering%20angle%20error" title=" steering angle error"> steering angle error</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98333/signal-processing-techniques-for-adaptive-beamforming-with-robustness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98333.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1204</span> Research on Control Strategy of Differential Drive Assisted Steering of Distributed Drive Electric Vehicle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Liu">J. Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20P.%20Yu"> Z. P. Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Xiong"> L. Xiong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Feng"> Y. Feng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20He"> J. He</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> According to the independence, accuracy and controllability of the driving/braking torque of the distributed drive electric vehicle, a control strategy of differential drive assisted steering was designed. Firstly, the assisted curve under different speed and steering wheel torque was developed and the differential torques were distributed to the right and left front wheels. Then the steering return ability assisted control algorithm was designed. At last, the joint simulation was conducted by CarSim/Simulink. The result indicated: the differential drive assisted steering algorithm could provide enough steering drive-assisted under low speed and improve the steering portability. Along with the increase of the speed, the provided steering drive-assisted decreased. With the control algorithm, the steering stiffness of the steering system increased along with the increase of the speed, which ensures the driver鈥檚 road feeling. The control algorithm of differential drive assisted steering could avoid the understeer under low speed effectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20assisted%20steering" title="differential assisted steering">differential assisted steering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20strategy" title=" control strategy"> control strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20drive%20electric%20vehicle" title=" distributed drive electric vehicle"> distributed drive electric vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=driving%2Fbraking%20torque" title=" driving/braking torque"> driving/braking torque</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11277/research-on-control-strategy-of-differential-drive-assisted-steering-of-distributed-drive-electric-vehicle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11277.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">478</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1203</span> Adaptive Beamforming with Steering Error and Mutual Coupling between Antenna Sensors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ju-Hong%20Lee">Ju-Hong Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ching-Wei%20Liao"> Ching-Wei Liao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Owing to close antenna spacing between antenna sensors within a compact space, a part of data in one antenna sensor would outflow to other antenna sensors when the antenna sensors in an antenna array operate simultaneously. This phenomenon is called mutual coupling effect (MCE). It has been shown that the performance of antenna array systems can be degraded when the antenna sensors are in close proximity. Especially, in a systems equipped with massive antenna sensors, the degradation of beamforming performance due to the MCE is significantly inevitable. Moreover, it has been shown that even a small angle error between the true direction angle of the desired signal and the steering angle deteriorates the effectiveness of an array beamforming system. However, the true direction vector of the desired signal may not be exactly known in some applications, e.g., the application in land mobile-cellular wireless systems. Therefore, it is worth developing robust techniques to deal with the problem due to the MCE and steering angle error for array beamforming systems. In this paper, we present an efficient technique for performing adaptive beamforming with robust capabilities against the MCE and the steering angle error. Only the data vector received by an antenna array is required by the proposed technique. By using the received array data vector, a correlation matrix is constructed to replace the original correlation matrix associated with the received array data vector. Then, the mutual coupling matrix due to the MCE on the antenna array is estimated through a recursive algorithm. An appropriate estimate of the direction angle of the desired signal can also be obtained during the recursive process. Based on the estimated mutual coupling matrix, the estimated direction angle, and the reconstructed correlation matrix, the proposed technique can effectively cure the performance degradation due to steering angle error and MCE. The novelty of the proposed technique is that the implementation procedure is very simple and the resulting adaptive beamforming performance is satisfactory. Simulation results show that the proposed technique provides much better beamforming performance without requiring complicated complexity as compared with the existing robust techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20beamforming" title="adaptive beamforming">adaptive beamforming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutual%20coupling%20effect" title=" mutual coupling effect"> mutual coupling effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recursive%20algorithm" title=" recursive algorithm"> recursive algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steering%20angle%20error" title=" steering angle error"> steering angle error</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84628/adaptive-beamforming-with-steering-error-and-mutual-coupling-between-antenna-sensors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84628.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1202</span> Electronically Controlled Motorized Steering System (E-Mo Steer)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Prasanth">M. Prasanth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Nithin"> V. Nithin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Keerthana"> R. Keerthana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.Kalyani"> S.Kalyani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the current scenario, the steering system in automobiles is such that the motion from the steering wheel is transferred to driving wheel by mechanical linkages. In this paper, we propose a method to design a steering mechanism using servomotors to turn the wheels instead of linkages. In this method, a steering angle sensor senses the turn angle of the steering wheel and its output is processed by an electronical control module. Then the ECM compares the angle value to that of a standard value from a look-up database. Then it gives the appropriate input power and the turning duration to the motors. Correspondingly, the motors turn the wheels by means of bevel gears welded to both the motor output shafts and the wheel hubs. Thus, the wheels are turned without the complicated framework of linkages, reducing the driver鈥檚 effort and fatigue considerably. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20control%20unit" title="electronic control unit">electronic control unit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linkage-less%20steering" title=" linkage-less steering"> linkage-less steering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=servomotors" title=" servomotors"> servomotors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E-Mo%20Steer" title=" E-Mo Steer"> E-Mo Steer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4163/electronically-controlled-motorized-steering-system-e-mo-steer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4163.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1201</span> Study of Effect of Steering Column Orientation and Operator Platform Position on the Hand Vibration in Compactors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunil%20Bandaru">Sunil Bandaru</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suresh%20Yv"> Suresh Yv</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srinivas%20Vanapalli"> Srinivas Vanapalli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heavy machinery especially compactors has more vibrations induced from the compactor mechanism than the engines. Since the operator鈥檚 comfort is most important in any of the machines, this paper shows interest in studying the vibrations on the steering wheel for a double drum compactor. As there are no standard procedures available for testing vibrations on the steering wheel of double drum compactors, this paper tries to evaluate the vibrations on the steering wheel by considering most of the possibilities. In addition to the feasibility for the operator to adjust the steering wheel tilt as in the case of automotive, there is an option for the operator to change the orientation of the operator platform for the complete view of the road鈥檚 edge on both the ends of the front and rear drums. When the orientation is either +/-180掳, the operator will be closer to the compactor mechanism; also there is a possibility for the shuffle in the modes with respect to the operator. Hence it is mandatory to evaluate the vibrations levels in both cases. This paper attempts to evaluate the vibrations on the steering wheel by considering the two operator platform positions and three steering wheel tilting angles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEA" title="FEA">FEA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CAE" title=" CAE"> CAE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steering%20column" title=" steering column"> steering column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steering%20column%20orientation%20position" title=" steering column orientation position"> steering column orientation position</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139895/study-of-effect-of-steering-column-orientation-and-operator-platform-position-on-the-hand-vibration-in-compactors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139895.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">225</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1200</span> Friction Estimation and Compensation for Steering Angle Control for Highly Automated Driving</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcus%20Walter">Marcus Walter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norbert%20Nitzsche"> Norbert Nitzsche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dirk%20Odenthal"> Dirk Odenthal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steffen%20M%C3%BCller"> Steffen M眉ller</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This contribution presents a friction estimator for industrial purposes which identifies Coulomb friction in a steering system. The estimator only needs a few, usually known, steering system parameters. Friction occurs on almost every mechanical system and has a negative influence on high-precision position control. This is demonstrated on a steering angle controller for highly automated driving. In this steering system the friction induces limit cycles which cause oscillating vehicle movement when the vehicle follows a given reference trajectory. When compensating the friction with the introduced estimator, limit cycles can be suppressed. This is demonstrated by measurements in a series vehicle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20estimation" title="friction estimation">friction estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20compensation" title=" friction compensation"> friction compensation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steering%20system" title=" steering system"> steering system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20vehicle%20guidance" title=" lateral vehicle guidance"> lateral vehicle guidance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27641/friction-estimation-and-compensation-for-steering-angle-control-for-highly-automated-driving" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27641.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">515</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1199</span> Robust Processing of Antenna Array Signals under Local Scattering Environments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ju-Hong%20Lee">Ju-Hong Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ching-Wei%20Liao"> Ching-Wei Liao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An adaptive array beamformer is designed for automatically preserving the desired signals while cancelling interference and noise. Providing robustness against model mismatches and tracking possible environment changes calls for robust adaptive beamforming techniques. The design criterion yields the well-known generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) beamformer. In practice, the knowledge of the desired steering vector can be imprecise, which often occurs due to estimation errors in the DOA of the desired signal or imperfect array calibration. In these situations, the SOI is considered as interference, and the performance of the GSC beamformer is known to degrade. This undesired behavior results in a reduction of the array output signal-to-interference plus-noise-ratio (SINR). Therefore, it is worth developing robust techniques to deal with the problem due to local scattering environments. As to the implementation of adaptive beamforming, the required computational complexity is enormous when the array beamformer is equipped with massive antenna array sensors. To alleviate this difficulty, a generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) with partially adaptivity for less adaptive degrees of freedom and faster adaptive response has been proposed in the literature. Unfortunately, it has been shown that the conventional GSC-based adaptive beamformers are usually very sensitive to the mismatch problems due to local scattering situations. In this paper, we present an effective GSC-based beamformer against the mismatch problems mentioned above. The proposed GSC-based array beamformer adaptively estimates the actual direction of the desired signal by using the presumed steering vector and the received array data snapshots. We utilize the predefined steering vector and a presumed angle tolerance range to carry out the required estimation for obtaining an appropriate steering vector. A matrix associated with the direction vector of signal sources is first created. Then projection matrices related to the matrix are generated and are utilized to iteratively estimate the actual direction vector of the desired signal. As a result, the quiescent weight vector and the required signal blocking matrix required for performing adaptive beamforming can be easily found. By utilizing the proposed GSC-based beamformer, we find that the performance degradation due to the considered local scattering environments can be effectively mitigated. To further enhance the beamforming performance, a signal subspace projection matrix is also introduced into the proposed GSC-based beamformer. Several computer simulation examples show that the proposed GSC-based beamformer outperforms the existing robust techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20antenna%20beamforming" title="adaptive antenna beamforming">adaptive antenna beamforming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20scattering" title=" local scattering"> local scattering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signal%20blocking" title=" signal blocking"> signal blocking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steering%20mismatch" title=" steering mismatch"> steering mismatch</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106035/robust-processing-of-antenna-array-signals-under-local-scattering-environments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106035.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1198</span> Design and Validation of Different Steering Geometries for an All-Terrain Vehicle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prabhsharan%20Singh">Prabhsharan Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahul%20Sindhu"> Rahul Sindhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piyush%20Sikka"> Piyush Sikka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The steering system is an integral part and medium through which the driver communicates with the vehicle and terrain, hence the most suitable steering geometry as per requirements must be chosen. The function of the chosen steering geometry of an All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV) is to provide the desired understeer gradient, minimum tire slippage, expected weight transfer during turning as these are requirements for a good steering geometry of a BAJA ATV. This research paper focuses on choosing the best suitable steering geometry for BAJA ATV tracks by reasoning the working principle and using fundamental trigonometric functions for obtaining these geometries on the same vehicle itself, namely Ackermann, Anti- Ackermann, Parallel Ackermann. Full vehicle analysis was carried out on Adams Car Analysis software, and graphical results were obtained for various parameters. Steering geometries were achieved by using a single versatile knuckle for frontward and rearward tie-rod placement and were practically tested with the help of data acquisition systems set up on the ATV. Each was having certain characteristics, setup, and parameters were observed for the BAJA ATV, and correlations were created between analytical and practical values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=all-terrain%20vehicle" title="all-terrain vehicle">all-terrain vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ackermann" title=" Ackermann"> Ackermann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adams%20car" title=" Adams car"> Adams car</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baja%20Sae" title=" Baja Sae"> Baja Sae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steering%20geometry" title=" steering geometry"> steering geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steering%20system" title=" steering system"> steering system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tire%20slip" title=" tire slip"> tire slip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traction" title=" traction"> traction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=understeer%20gradient" title=" understeer gradient"> understeer gradient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121416/design-and-validation-of-different-steering-geometries-for-an-all-terrain-vehicle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121416.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1197</span> Mechanism Design and Dynamic Analysis of Active Independent Front Steering System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheng-Chi%20Yu">Cheng-Chi Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Shiue%20Wang"> Yu-Shiue Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kei-Lin%20Kuo"> Kei-Lin Kuo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Active Independent Front Steering system is a steering system which can according to vehicle driving situation adjusts the relation of steering angle between inner wheel and outer wheel. In low-speed cornering, AIFS sets the steering angles of inner and outer wheel into Ackerman steering geometry to make vehicle has less cornering radius. Besides, AIFS changes the steering geometry to parallel or even anti-Ackerman steering geometry to keep vehicle stability in high-speed cornering. Therefore, based on the analysis of the vehicle steering behavior from different steering geometries, this study develops a new screw type of active independent front steering system to make vehicles best cornering performance at any speeds. The screw type of active independent front steering system keeps the pinion and separates the rack into main rack and second rack. Two racks connect by a screw. Extra screw rotated motion powered by assistant motor through coupler makes second rack move relative to main rack, which can adjust both steering ratio and steering geometry. First of all, this study distinguishes the steering geometry by using Ackerman percentage and utilizes the software of ADAMS/Car to construct diverse steering geometry models. The different steering geometries are compared at low-speed and high-speed cornering, and then control strategies of the active independent front steering systems could be formulated. Secondly, this study applies closed loop equation to analyze tire steering angles and carries out optimization calculations to make the steering geometry from traditional rack and pinion steering system near to Ackerman steering geometry. Steering characteristics of the optimum steering mechanism and motion characteristics of vehicle installed the steering mechanism are verified by ADAMS/Car models of front suspension and full vehicle respectively. By adding dual auxiliary rack and dual motor to the optimum steering mechanism, the active independent front steering system could be developed to achieve the functions of variable steering ratio and variable steering geometry. At last, this study uses ADAMS/Car and Matlab/Simulink to co-simulate the cornering motion of vehicles confirms the vehicle installed the Active Independent Front Steering (AIFS) system has better handling performance than that with Active Independent Steering (AFS) system or with Electric Power Steering (EPS) system. At low-speed cornering, the vehicles with AIFS system and with AFS system have better maneuverability, less cornering radius, than the traditional vehicle with EPS system because that AIFS and AFS systems both provide function of variable steering ratio. However, there is a slight penalty in the motor(s) power consumption. In addition, because of the capability of variable steering geometry, the vehicle with AIFS system has better high-speed cornering stability, trajectory keeping, and even less motor(s) power consumption than that with EPS system and also with AFS system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20front%20steering%20system" title="active front steering system">active front steering system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20independent%20front%20steering%20system" title=" active independent front steering system"> active independent front steering system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steering%20geometry" title=" steering geometry"> steering geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steering%20ratio" title=" steering ratio"> steering ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77238/mechanism-design-and-dynamic-analysis-of-active-independent-front-steering-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77238.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1196</span> Modeling and Dynamics Analysis for Intelligent Skid-Steering Vehicle Based on Trucksim-Simulink</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yansong%20Zhang">Yansong Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xueyuan%20Li"> Xueyuan Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junjie%20Zhou"> Junjie Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xufeng%20Yin"> Xufeng Yin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shihua%20Yuan"> Shihua Yuan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuxian%20Liu"> Shuxian Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aiming at the verification of control algorithms for skid-steering vehicles, a vehicle simulation model of 6×6 electric skid-steering unmanned vehicle was established based on Trucksim and Simulink. The original transmission and steering mechanism of Trucksim are removed, and the electric skid-steering model and a closed-loop controller for the vehicle speed and yaw rate are built in Simulink. The simulation results are compared with the ones got by theoretical formulas. The results show that the predicted tire mechanics and vehicle kinematics of Trucksim-Simulink simulation model are closed to the theoretical results. Therefore, it can be used as an effective approach to study the dynamic performance and control algorithm of skid-steering vehicle. In this paper, a method of motion control based on feed forward control is also designed. The simulation results show that the feed forward control strategy can make the vehicle follow the target yaw rate more quickly and accurately, which makes the vehicle have more maneuverability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skid-steering" title="skid-steering">skid-steering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trucksim-Simulink" title=" Trucksim-Simulink"> Trucksim-Simulink</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feedforward%20control" title=" feedforward control"> feedforward control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamics" title=" dynamics"> dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84745/modeling-and-dynamics-analysis-for-intelligent-skid-steering-vehicle-based-on-trucksim-simulink" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84745.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1195</span> Using Adaptive Pole Placement Control Strategy for Active Steering Safety System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadi%20Adibi-Asl">Hadi Adibi-Asl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Doosthosseini"> Alireza Doosthosseini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Taghavipour"> Amir Taghavipour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper studies the design of an adaptive control strategy to tune an active steering system for better drivability and maneuverability. In the first step, adaptive control strategy is applied to estimate the uncertain parameters on-line (e.g. cornering stiffness), then the estimated parameters are fed into the pole placement controller to generate corrective feedback gain to improve the steering system dynamic’s characteristics. The simulations are evaluated for three types of road conditions (dry, wet, and icy), and the performance of the adaptive pole placement control (APPC) are compared with pole placement control (PPC) and a passive system. The results show that the APPC strategy significantly improves the yaw rate and side slip angle of a bicycle plant model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20control" title="adaptive control">adaptive control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20steering" title=" active steering"> active steering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pole%20placement" title=" pole placement"> pole placement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle%20dynamics" title=" vehicle dynamics"> vehicle dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59941/using-adaptive-pole-placement-control-strategy-for-active-steering-safety-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59941.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">467</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1194</span> Vector Quantization Based on Vector Difference Scheme for Image Enhancement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Biji%20Jacob">Biji Jacob</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vector quantization algorithm which uses minimum distance calculation for codebook generation, a time consuming calculation performed on each pixel values leads to computation complexity. The codebook is updated by comparing the distance of each vector to their centroid vector and measure for their closeness. In this paper vector quantization is modified based on vector difference algorithm for image enhancement purpose. In the proposed scheme, vector differences between the vectors are considered as the new generation vectors or new codebook vectors. The codebook is updated by comparing the new generation vector with a threshold value having minimum error with the parent vector. The minimum error decides the fitness of each newly generated vector. Thus the codebook is generated in an adaptive manner and the fitness value is determined for the suppression of the degraded portion of the image and thereby leads to the enhancement of the image through the adaptive searching capability of the vector quantization through vector difference algorithm. Experimental results shows that the vector difference scheme efficiently modifies the vector quantization algorithm for enhancing the image with peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), mean square error (MSE), Euclidean distance (E_dist) as the performance parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=codebook" title="codebook">codebook</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20enhancement" title=" image enhancement"> image enhancement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vector%20difference" title=" vector difference"> vector difference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vector%20quantization" title=" vector quantization"> vector quantization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39597/vector-quantization-based-on-vector-difference-scheme-for-image-enhancement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39597.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1193</span> Design of a Drift Assist Control System Applied to Remote Control Car</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheng-Tse%20Wu">Sheng-Tse Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wu-Sung%20Yao"> Wu-Sung Yao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a drift assist control system is proposed for remote control (RC) cars to get the perfect drift angle. A steering servo control scheme is given powerfully to assist the drift driving. A gyroscope sensor is included to detect the machine's tail sliding and to achieve a better automatic counter-steering to prevent RC car from spinning. To analysis tire traction and vehicle dynamics is used to obtain the dynamic track of RC cars. It comes with a control gain to adjust counter-steering amount according to the sensor condition. An illustrated example of 1:10 RC drift car is given and the real-time control algorithm is realized by Arduino Uno. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drift%20assist%20control%20system" title="drift assist control system">drift assist control system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20control%20cars" title=" remote control cars"> remote control cars</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gyroscope" title=" gyroscope"> gyroscope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle%20dynamics" title=" vehicle dynamics"> vehicle dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47436/design-of-a-drift-assist-control-system-applied-to-remote-control-car" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47436.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1192</span> Integrated Steering Method for Mitigating Performance Degradation in Six-Wheel Robot Caused by Obstacle Traversing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20Kasiri%20Bidhendi">Saleh Kasiri Bidhendi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shiva%20Tashakori"> Shiva Tashakori</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the increasing application of six-wheel robots in various industries, including agriculture and environmental monitoring, there is a growing demand for efficient and reliable control systems that can improve manoeuvrability and at the same time reduce energy consumption. Moving on uneven terrains, various factors such as obstacles or soil heterogeneity can cause the robot to slip. There is limited research addressing this issue. Although the robot is supposed to track a predetermined path, sudden lateral deviation necessitates path planning. To further address this issue, explicit steering is added by activating actuators on steerable wheels, while the SMC controller still commands differential traction forces on all wheels. This integration improves energy efficiency and obstacle traversability while maintaining the merits of skid-steering, such as tight turning manoeuvrability. However, achieving the desired steer angles presents certain challenges. Inverse kinematics was initially employed to achieve the needed steering angles from the desired position, but this approach led to excessive steering without yawing the body. Switching to desired velocity values instead of position limited over-steering but caused zero lateral velocity on horizontal paths, which was problematic for unforeseen skidding. To overcome this, a proportional controller has been employed, using lateral error as its input and providing a proportional yaw angle as output, the P-controller contributes to modifying the steering angles. The controller's robustness has been verified through sensitivity analyses under critical speeds and turning radius conditions. Our findings offer valuable insights into designing more efficient steering controls for rocker-bogie mechanisms in challenging situations, emphasizing the importance of reducing energy卢 consumption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=six-wheel%20robots" title="six-wheel robots">six-wheel robots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverse%20kinematics" title=" inverse kinematics"> inverse kinematics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrated%20steering" title=" integrated steering"> integrated steering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=path%20following" title=" path following"> path following</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manoeuvrability" title=" manoeuvrability"> manoeuvrability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uneven%20terrains" title=" uneven terrains"> uneven terrains</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189243/integrated-steering-method-for-mitigating-performance-degradation-in-six-wheel-robot-caused-by-obstacle-traversing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189243.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">32</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1191</span> Design of EV Steering Unit Using AI Based on Estimate and Control Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seong%20Jun%20Yoon">Seong Jun Yoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jasurbek%20Doliev"> Jasurbek Doliev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang%20Min%20Oh"> Sang Min Oh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rodi%20Hartono"> Rodi Hartono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyoojae%20Shin"> Kyoojae Shin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electric power steering (EPS), which is commonly used in electric vehicles recently, is an electric-driven steering device for vehicles. Compared to hydraulic systems, EPS offers advantages such as simple system components, easy maintenance, and improved steering performance. However, because the EPS system is a nonlinear model, difficult problems arise in controller design. To address these, various machine learning and artificial intelligence approaches, notably artificial neural networks (ANN), have been applied. ANN can effectively determine relationships between inputs and outputs in a data-driven manner. This research explores two main areas: designing an EPS identifier using an ANN-based backpropagation (BP) algorithm and enhancing the EPS system controller with an ANN-based Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm. The proposed ANN-based BP algorithm shows superior performance and accuracy compared to linear transfer function estimators, while the LM algorithm offers better input angle reference tracking and faster response times than traditional PID controllers. Overall, the proposed ANN methods demonstrate significant promise in improving EPS system performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANN%20backpropagation%20modelling" title="ANN backpropagation modelling">ANN backpropagation modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20power%20steering" title=" electric power steering"> electric power steering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transfer%20function%20estimator" title=" transfer function estimator"> transfer function estimator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20vehicle%20driving%20system" title=" electrical vehicle driving system"> electrical vehicle driving system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188917/design-of-ev-steering-unit-using-ai-based-on-estimate-and-control-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188917.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">43</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1190</span> Imprecise Vector: The Case of Subnormality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dhruba%20Das">Dhruba Das</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this article, the author has put forward the actual mathematical explanation of subnormal imprecise vector. Every subnormal imprecise vector has to be defined with reference to a membership surface. The membership surface of normal imprecise vector has already defined based on Randomness-Impreciseness Consistency Principle. The Randomness- Impreciseness Consistency Principle leads to defining a normal law of impreciseness using two different laws of randomness. A normal imprecise vector is a special case of subnormal imprecise vector. Nothing however is available in the literature about the membership surface when a subnormal imprecise vector is defined. The author has shown here how to construct the membership surface of a subnormal imprecise vector. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imprecise%20vector" title="imprecise vector">imprecise vector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membership%20surface" title=" membership surface"> membership surface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subnormal%20imprecise%20number" title=" subnormal imprecise number"> subnormal imprecise number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subnormal%20imprecise%20vector" title=" subnormal imprecise vector"> subnormal imprecise vector</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44144/imprecise-vector-the-case-of-subnormality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44144.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1189</span> Effect of Magnesium Inoculation on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Spheroidal Cast Iron Knuckle: A Focus on the Steering Arm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steven%20Mavhungu">Steven Mavhungu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Didier%20Nyembwe"> Didier Nyembwe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Sekotlong"> Daniel Sekotlong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The steering knuckle is an integral component of the suspension and stability control system of modern vehicles. Good mechanical properties with an emphasis on the fatigue properties are essential for this component as it is subjected to cyclical load of significant magnitude during service. These properties are a function of the microstructure achieved in the component during the various manufacturing processes including forging and casting. The strut mount of the knuckle is required to meet specified microstructure and mechanical properties. However, in line with the recent trend of stringent quality requirements of cast components, Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) have had to extend the specifications to other sections of the knuckle. This paper evaluates the effect of cored wire inoculation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the steering arm of a typical spheroidal cast iron component. The investigation shows that the use of a cored wire having higher rare earth content formulation could possibly lead to a homogeneous matrix containing consistent graphite nodule morphology. However, this was found not to be the condition for better mechanical properties along the knuckle arm in line with required specifications. The findings in this paper contribute to a better understanding of steering knuckle properties to allow its production for safer automobile applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inoculation" title="inoculation">inoculation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnesium%20cored%20wire" title=" magnesium cored wire"> magnesium cored wire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spheroidal%20graphie" title=" spheroidal graphie"> spheroidal graphie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steering%20knuckle" title=" steering knuckle"> steering knuckle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80365/effect-of-magnesium-inoculation-on-the-microstructure-and-mechanical-properties-of-a-spheroidal-cast-iron-knuckle-a-focus-on-the-steering-arm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80365.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">224</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1188</span> The Review of Coiled Tubing Intelligent Sidetracking Steering Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhao%20Xueran">Zhao Xueran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Dong"> Yang Dong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to improve the problem that old wells in oilfields are shut down due to low oil recovery, sidetracking has become one of the main technical means to restore the vitality of old wells. A variety of sidetracking technologies have been researched and formed internationally. Among them, coiled tubing sidetracking horizontal wells have significant advantages over conventional sidetracking methods: underbalanced pressure operations; reducing the number of trips of tubing, while drilling and production, saving construction costs, less ground equipment and less floor space, orienter guidance to reduce drilling friction, etc. This paper mainly introduces the steering technology in coiled tubing intelligent sidetracking at home and abroad, including the orienter and the rotary steerable system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sidetracking" title="sidetracking">sidetracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coiled%20tubing" title=" coiled tubing"> coiled tubing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orienter" title=" orienter"> orienter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotary%20steering%20system" title=" rotary steering system"> rotary steering system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156398/the-review-of-coiled-tubing-intelligent-sidetracking-steering-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156398.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1187</span> Friction Calculation and Simulation of Column Electric Power Steering System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Hamid%20Mirmohammad%20Sadeghi">Seyed Hamid Mirmohammad Sadeghi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raffaella%20Sesana"> Raffaella Sesana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniela%20Maffiodo"> Daniela Maffiodo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study presents a procedure for friction calculation of column electric power steering (C-EPS) system which affects handling and comfort in driving. The friction losses estimation is obtained from experimental tests and mathematical calculation. Parts in C-EPS mainly involved in friction losses are bearings and worm gear. In the theoretical approach, the gear geometry and Hertz law were employed to measure the normal load and the sliding velocity and contact areas from the worm gears driving conditions. The viscous friction generated in the worm gear was obtained with a theoretical approach and the result was applied to model the friction in the steering system. Finally, by viscous friction coefficient and Coulomb friction coefficient, values of friction in worm gear were calculated. According to the Bearing Company and the characteristics of each bearing, the friction torques due to load and due to speed were calculated. A MATLAB Simulink model for calculating the friction in bearings and worm gear in C-EPS were done and the total friction value was estimated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction" title="friction">friction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=worm%20gear" title=" worm gear"> worm gear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=column%20electric%20power%20steering%20system" title=" column electric power steering system"> column electric power steering system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulink" title=" simulink"> simulink</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bearing" title=" bearing"> bearing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EPS" title=" EPS"> EPS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58098/friction-calculation-and-simulation-of-column-electric-power-steering-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58098.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1186</span> Driving in a Short Arm Plaster Cast Steer a Patient off Course: A Randomised, Controlled, Crossover Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20W.%20Kenny">B. W. Kenny</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.Mansour"> D.Mansour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20G.%20Mansour"> K. G. Mansour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Attia"> J. Attia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Meads"> B. Meads </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is currently insufficient evidence to make a conclusive statement about safety while immobilized in a short arm cast. There is a paucity of published literature on this topic. The purpose of this study is to specifically evaluate short arm casts and their effect on driving abilities, particularly steering and avoidance of obstacles. The ability to drive safely is extrapolated from this data. In this study, a randomised, controlled, crossover design was used to assess 30 subjects randomised into 2 groups. A Logitech force feedback steering column and simulated driving program with a standardised road course was used. Objective outcome measures were the number of times subjects drove off the track, the number of crashes, time to lap completion and subjective assessment on whether wearing a short arm plaster cast impeded their steering. Recruited subjects had no upper limb pathology. The side of the applied plaster cast was randomised. The mean lap completion time reduced with repetition, the difference being statistically significant. There was no significant difference in mean number of times subjects in casts drove off the track (3 with vs. 3.07 without casts), average number of crashes (1.27 vs 0.97). Steering ability was not reduced whilst a subject was immobilised in a short arm Plaster of Paris cast, despite subject鈥檚 own impressions that their steering was impeded. This may help guide doctors in their advice to patients regarding driving in these casts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=upper%20limb" title="upper limb">upper limb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arm%20injury" title=" arm injury"> arm injury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plaster%20cast" title=" plaster cast"> plaster cast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=splint" title=" splint"> splint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=driving" title=" driving"> driving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automobile" title=" automobile"> automobile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bone%20fracture" title=" bone fracture "> bone fracture </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20977/driving-in-a-short-arm-plaster-cast-steer-a-patient-off-course-a-randomised-controlled-crossover-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20977.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1185</span> Electronic Stability Control for a 7 DOF Vehicle Model Using Flex Ray and Neuro Fuzzy Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Praveen%20Battula">Praveen Battula</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Any high performance car has the tendency to over steer and Understeer under slippery conditions, An Electronic Stability Control System is needed under these conditions to regulate the steering of the car. It uses Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) and Traction Control and Wheel Speed Sensor, Steering Angle Sensor, Rotational Speed Sensors to correct the problems. The focus of this paper is to improve the driving dynamics and safety by controlling the forces applied on each wheel. ESC Control the Yaw Stability, traction controls the Roll Stability, where actually the vehicle slip rate and lateral acceleration is controlled. ESC uses differential braking on all four brakes independently to control the vehicle鈥檚 motion. A mathematical model is developed in Simulink for the FlexRay based Electronic Stability Control. Vehicle steering is developed using Neuro Fuzzy Logic Controller. 7 Degrees of Freedom Vehicle Model is used as a Plant Model using dSpace autobox. The Performance of the system is assessed using two different road Scenarios, Vehicle Control under standard maneuvering conditions. The entire system is set using Dspace Control Desk. Results are provided by comparison of how a Vehicle with and without Electronic Stability Control which shows an improved performance in control. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ESC" title="ESC">ESC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexray" title=" flexray"> flexray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chassis%20control" title=" chassis control"> chassis control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steering" title=" steering"> steering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuro%20fuzzy" title=" neuro fuzzy"> neuro fuzzy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle%20dynamics" title=" vehicle dynamics"> vehicle dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13781/electronic-stability-control-for-a-7-dof-vehicle-model-using-flex-ray-and-neuro-fuzzy-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13781.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">448</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1184</span> Approach to Functional Safety-Compliant Design of Electric Power Steering Systems for Commercial Vehicles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun%20Chul%20Koag">Hyun Chul Koag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun-Sik%20Ahn"> Hyun-Sik Ahn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we propose a design approach for the safety mechanism of an actuator used in a commercial vehicle鈥檚 EPS system. As the number of electric/electronic system in a vehicle increases, the importance of the functional safety has been receiving much attention. EPS(Electric Power Steering) systems for commercial vehicles require large power than passenger vehicles, and hence, dual motor can be applied to get more torque. We show how to formulate the development process for the design of hardware and software of an EPS system using dual motors. A lot of safety mechanisms for the processor, sensors, and memory have been suggested, however, those for actuators have not been fully researched. It is shown by metric analyses that the target ASIL(Automotive Safety Integrated Level) is satisfied in the point of view of hardware of EPS controller. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety%20mechanism" title="safety mechanism">safety mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20safety" title=" functional safety"> functional safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20vehicles" title=" commercial vehicles"> commercial vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20power%20steering" title=" electric power steering"> electric power steering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71842/approach-to-functional-safety-compliant-design-of-electric-power-steering-systems-for-commercial-vehicles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71842.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1183</span> On the Design of Electronic Control Unitsfor the Safety-Critical Vehicle Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyung-Jung%20Lee">Kyung-Jung Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun-Sik%20Ahn"> Hyun-Sik Ahn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper suggests a design methodology for the hardware and software of the Electronic Control Unit (ECU) of safety-critical vehicle applications such as braking and steering. The architecture of the hardware is a high integrity system such that it incorporates a high performance 32-bit CPU and a separate Peripheral Control-Processor (PCP) together with an external watchdog CPU. Communication between the main CPU and the PCP is executed via a common area of RAM and events on either processor which are invoked by interrupts. Safety-related software is also implemented to provide a reliable, self-testing computing environment for safety critical and high integrity applications. The validity of the design approach is shown by using the Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation (HILS) for Electric Power Steering (EPS) systems which consists of the EPS mechanism, the designed ECU, and monitoring tools. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20control%20unit" title="electronic control unit">electronic control unit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20power%20steering" title=" electric power steering"> electric power steering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20safety" title=" functional safety"> functional safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardware-in-the-loop%20simulation" title=" hardware-in-the-loop simulation"> hardware-in-the-loop simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8013/on-the-design-of-electronic-control-unitsfor-the-safety-critical-vehicle-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8013.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1182</span> Intracellular Strategies for Gene Delivery into Mammalian Cells Using Bacteria as a Vector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kumaran%20Narayanan">Kumaran Narayanan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20N.%20Osahor"> Andrew N. Osahor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> E. coli has been engineered by our group and by others as a vector to deliver DNA into cultured human and animal cells. However, so far conditions to improve gene delivery using this vector have not been investigated, resulting in a major gap in our understanding of the requirements for this vector to function optimally. Our group recently published novel data showing that simple addition of the DNA transfection reagent Lipofectamine increased the efficiency of the E. coli vector by almost 3-fold, providing the first strong evidence that further optimization of bactofection is possible. This presentation will discuss advances that demonstrate the effects of several intracellular strategies that improve the efficiency of this vector. Conditions that promote endosomal escape of internalized bacteria to evade lysosomal destruction after entry in the cell, a known obstacle limiting this vector, are elucidated. Further, treatments that increase bacterial lysis so that the vector can release its transgene into the mammalian environment for expression will be discussed. These experiments will provide valuable new insight to advance this E. coli system as an important class of vector technology for genetic correction of human disease models in cells and whole animals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20coli" title=" E. coli"> E. coli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gene%20expression" title=" gene expression"> gene expression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vector" title=" vector"> vector</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45408/intracellular-strategies-for-gene-delivery-into-mammalian-cells-using-bacteria-as-a-vector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45408.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1181</span> Speed up Vector Median Filtering by Quasi Euclidean Norm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinai%20K.%20Singh">Vinai K. Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For reducing impulsive noise without degrading image contours, median filtering is a powerful tool. In multiband images as for example colour images or vector fields obtained by optic flow computation, a vector median filter can be used. Vector median filters are defined on the basis of a suitable distance, the best performing distance being the Euclidean. Euclidean distance is evaluated by using the Euclidean norms which is quite demanding from the point of view of computation given that a square root is required. In this paper an optimal piece-wise linear approximation of the Euclidean norm is presented which is applied to vector median filtering. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=euclidean%20norm" title="euclidean norm">euclidean norm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quasi%20euclidean%20norm" title=" quasi euclidean norm"> quasi euclidean norm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vector%20median%20filtering" title=" vector median filtering"> vector median filtering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=applied%20mathematics" title=" applied mathematics"> applied mathematics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21942/speed-up-vector-median-filtering-by-quasi-euclidean-norm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21942.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">474</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1180</span> Parallel Vector Processing Using Multi Level Orbital DATA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nagi%20Mekhiel">Nagi Mekhiel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many applications use vector operations by applying single instruction to multiple data that map to different locations in conventional memory. Transferring data from memory is limited by access latency and bandwidth affecting the performance gain of vector processing. We present a memory system that makes all of its content available to processors in time so that processors need not to access the memory, we force each location to be available to all processors at a specific time. The data move in different orbits to become available to other processors in higher orbits at different time. We use this memory to apply parallel vector operations to data streams at first orbit level. Data processed in the first level move to upper orbit one data element at a time, allowing a processor in that orbit to apply another vector operation to deal with serial code limitations inherited in all parallel applications and interleaved it with lower level vector operations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Memory%20Organization" title="Memory Organization">Memory Organization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parallel%20Processors" title=" Parallel Processors"> Parallel Processors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serial%0D%0ACode" title=" Serial Code"> Serial Code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vector%20Processing" title=" Vector Processing"> Vector Processing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59115/parallel-vector-processing-using-multi-level-orbital-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59115.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1179</span> 0.13-碌m Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Vector Modulator for Beamforming System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20S.%20Kim">J. S. Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a 0.13-µm Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) vector modulator for beamforming system. The vector modulator features a 360° phase and gain range of -10 dB to 10 dB with a root mean square phase and amplitude error of only 2.2° and 0.45 dB, respectively. These features make it a suitable for wireless backhaul system in the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands. It draws a current of 20.4 mA from a 1.2 V supply. The total chip size is 1.87x1.34 mm². <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CMOS" title="CMOS">CMOS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vector%20modulator" title=" vector modulator"> vector modulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beamforming" title=" beamforming"> beamforming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=802.11ac" title=" 802.11ac"> 802.11ac</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67880/013-m-complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor-vector-modulator-for-beamforming-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67880.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">210</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1178</span> Using Support Vector Machines for Measuring Democracy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tommy%20Krieger">Tommy Krieger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Klaus%20Gruendler"> Klaus Gruendler </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We present a novel approach for measuring democracy, which enables a very detailed and sensitive index. This method is based on Support Vector Machines, a mathematical algorithm for pattern recognition. Our implementation evaluates 188 countries in the period between 1981 and 2011. The Support Vector Machines Democracy Index (SVMDI) is continuously on the 0-1-Interval and robust to variations in the numerical process parameters. The algorithm introduced here can be used for every concept of democracy without additional adjustments, and due to its flexibility it is also a valuable tool for comparison studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=democracy" title="democracy">democracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=democracy%20index" title=" democracy index"> democracy index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=support%20vector%20machines" title=" support vector machines"> support vector machines</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31697/using-support-vector-machines-for-measuring-democracy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31697.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1177</span> Core Loss Influence on MTPA Current Vector Variation of Synchronous Reluctance Machine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huai-Cong%20Liu">Huai-Cong Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae%20Chul%20Jeong"> Tae Chul Jeong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ju%20Lee"> Ju Lee </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to develop an electric circuit method (ECM) to ascertain the core loss influence on a Synchronous Reluctance Motor (SynRM) in the condition of the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA). SynRM for fan usually operates on the constant torque region, at synchronous speed the MTPA control is adopted due to current vector. However, finite element analysis (FEA) program is not sufficient exactly to reflect how the core loss influenced on the current vector. This paper proposed a method to calculate the current vector with consideration of core loss. The precision of current vector by ECM is useful for MTPA control. The result shows that ECM analysis is closer to the actual motor鈥檚 characteristics by testing with a 7.5kW SynRM drive System. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=core%20loss" title="core loss">core loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SynRM" title=" SynRM"> SynRM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20vector" title=" current vector"> current vector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20saturation" title=" magnetic saturation"> magnetic saturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20torque%20per%20ampere%20%28MTPA%29" title=" maximum torque per ampere (MTPA)"> maximum torque per ampere (MTPA)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25312/core-loss-influence-on-mtpa-current-vector-variation-of-synchronous-reluctance-machine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25312.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">530</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steering%20vector&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steering%20vector&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steering%20vector&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steering%20vector&page=5">5</a></li> <li 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