Binnenhandel der EU | Europa

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<div class="spacer-horizontal"> <h3 id="svg-large-title" class="detail-picture" style="font-size:110%;">Anteil des Warenhandels innerhalb der EU an den weltweiten Warenexporten und -importen der 28 EU-Mitgliedstaaten in Prozent, Gesamtexporte und -importe in absoluten Zahlen, 2017</h3> <h3 id="svg-small-title" class="detail-picture" style="font-size:110%;">Anteil des Warenhandels innerhalb der EU an den weltweiten Warenexporten und -importen der 28 EU-Mitgliedstaaten in Prozent, Gesamtexporte und -importe in absoluten Zahlen, 2017</h3> <h3 id="svg-mobile-title" class="detail-picture" style="font-size:110%;">Anteil des Warenhandels innerhalb der EU an den weltweiten Warenexporten und -importen der EU-28 in Prozent, 2017</h3> </div> <figure class="detail-picture spacer-horizontal"> <object id="svg-large" aria-labelledby="" focusable="true" role="img" type="image/svg+xml" data="https://www.bpb.de/system/files/datei/EUR_02_04_detail_0.svg" width="100%" ></object> <object id="svg-small" aria-labelledby="" focusable="true" role="img" type="image/svg+xml" data="https://www.bpb.de/system/files/datei/EUR_02_04_detail_0.svg" width="100%"></object> <object id="svg-mobile" aria-labelledby="" focusable="true" role="img" type="image/svg+xml" data="https://www.bpb.de/system/files/datei/EUR_02_04_mobile.svg" width="100%"></object> <figcaption class="detail-picture__description"><p>Quelle: Eurostat: Online-Datenbank: Intra and Extra-EU trade by Member State (09/2018)<br/>Lizenz: <a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/de/" target="extern">cc by-nc-nd/3.0/de/</a></p></figcaption> </figure> <div class="spacer-horizontal facts-bar"> <span>Herunterladen:</span> <ul> <li> <i class="i-download--thin"></i> <a href="https://www.bpb.de/system/files/datei/EUR_02_04%20Binnenhandel%20der%20EU%20-%20Grafiken.zip">Grafik</a> </li> <li> <i class="i-download--thin"></i> <a href="https://www.bpb.de/system/files/datei/EUR_02_04%20Binnenhandel%20der%20EU.docx">Text</a> </li> <li> <i class="i-download--thin"></i> <a href="https://www.bpb.de/system/files/datei/EUR_02_04%20Binnenhandel%20der%20EU.xlsx">Tabelle</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div>  <div><div class="text-content spacer-horizontal__inset-narrow title2margin"><p><strong>Der EU-Binnenmarkt hat eine sehr hohe wirtschaftliche Bedeutung für die Mitgliedstaaten der Europäischen Union: Bezogen auf die Ex- und Importe wickelt die EU rund zwei Drittel ihres Warenhandels innerhalb der eigenen Grenzen ab. Der Intra-EU-Export – also der Export innerhalb der EU – hatte 2017 einen Anteil von 64,0 Prozent am Gesamtexport der 28 Mitgliedstaaten. Der Intra-EU-Import lag bei 63,8 Prozent. Für einzelne Mitgliedstaaten ist die Bedeutung des Binnenmarktes sogar noch größer: Bei acht EU-Staaten lag der Anteil der innerhalb der EU exportierten Waren am jeweiligen Gesamtexport im Jahr 2017 bei mehr als 75 Prozent. Bei den Importen waren es 2017 sogar zehn Staaten, die mehr als drei Viertel ihrer Importe aus anderen EU-Staaten bezogen. In Deutschland lag der Anteil der Intra-EU-Ausfuhren am Gesamtexport bei 58,5 Prozent. Der Intra-EU-Import entsprach 66,0 Prozent des Gesamtimports.</strong></p> <h3 id="node-content-title-0" class="">Fakten</h3> <p>Im Jahr 2017 exportierten die einzelnen Mitgliedstaaten der Europäischen Union (EU) Waren im Wert von 5.224 Milliarden Euro. Dabei entfielen 64,0 Prozent bzw. 3.345 Milliarden Euro auf den Export in andere EU-Mitgliedstaaten (Intra-EU-Export) und 36,0 Prozent bzw. 1.879 Milliarden Euro auf den Export in Staaten außerhalb der EU (Extra-EU-Export).</p> <p>Auch bei den Einfuhren ist die Bedeutung des intraregionalen Handels – also des Handels innerhalb der Region – hoch: Vom Gesamtimport der 28 EU-Mitgliedstaaten in Höhe von 5.139 Milliarden Euro entfielen 3.280 Milliarden Euro (63,8 Prozent) auf den Handel innerhalb der EU. Waren im Wert von 1.859 Milliarden Euro (36,2 Prozent) stammten aus Staaten außerhalb der EU.</p> <p>Bezogen auf die Ex- und Importe wickelte die EU im Jahr 2017, wie auch in den Vorjahren, knapp zwei Drittel ihres Warenhandels innerhalb der eigenen Grenzen ab. Für einzelne Mitgliedstaaten ist die Bedeutung des Binnenmarktes sogar noch größer: Bei acht EU-Staaten lag der Anteil der innerhalb der EU exportierten Waren am jeweiligen Gesamtexport im Jahr 2017 bei mehr als 75 Prozent. Die Slowakei stand mit einem Anteil von 85,7 Prozent an der Spitze. Darauf folgten Luxemburg, Tschechien, Ungarn, Polen, Rumänien, Slowenien und die Niederlande. Bei den Importen waren es 2017 sogar zehn Staaten, die mehr als drei Viertel ihrer Importe aus anderen EU-Staaten bezogen: Auf Luxemburg (82,9 Prozent) folgten Estland, die Slowakei, Lettland, Tschechien, Kroatien, Österreich, Portugal, Ungarn sowie Rumänien.</p> <p>Werden die Außenhandelsumsätze – also Einfuhren und Ausfuhren – zusammen betrachtet, ist festzustellen, dass bei allen EU-Mitgliedern mehr als die Hälfte des Außenhandelsumsatzes auf den Handel mit den anderen 27 EU-Staaten entfällt. Am niedrigsten ist der Anteil beim Vereinigten Königreich (50,2 Prozent), das lediglich 47,7 Prozent des eigenen Gesamtexports in andere EU-Staaten exportiert bzw. 51,9 Prozent der Warenimporte von anderen EU-Staaten bezieht. In Deutschland lag der Anteil der Intra-EU-Ausfuhren am Gesamtexport bei 58,5 Prozent. Der Intra-EU-Import entsprach 66,0 Prozent des Gesamtimports.</p> <p>Wird nur der EU-Binnenmarkt betrachtet, waren – bezogen auf den Warenwert – Deutschland (750 Mrd. €), die Niederlande (434 Mrd. €), Frankreich (279 Mrd. €), Belgien (274 Mrd. €) und Italien (249 Mrd. €) die größten Exporteure innerhalb der EU – 59,4 Prozent der gesamten Intra-EU-Ausfuhren (3.345 Mrd. €) entfielen allein auf diese fünf Staaten. Die größten Importeure waren Deutschland (682 Mrd. €), Frankreich (386 Mrd. €), das Vereinigte Königreich (296 Mrd. €), Italien (241 Mrd. €) und die Niederlande (236 Mrd. €) – der Anteil dieser fünf Staaten an den gesamten Intra-EU-Einfuhren (3.280 Mrd. €) lag im Jahr 2017 bei 56,1 Prozent.</p> <p>Bezogen auf den Intra-EU-Handel hatten im Jahr 2017 die Niederlande (plus 198 Mrd. €), Deutschland (plus 68 Mrd. €), Belgien (plus 43 Mrd. €), Tschechien (plus 21 Mrd. €) und Polen (plus 17 Mrd. €) die höchsten Handelsbilanzüberschüsse. Die höchsten Handelsbilanzdefizite entfielen auf das Vereinigte Königreich (minus 110 Mrd. €), Frankreich (minus 107 Mrd. €), Schweden (minus 17 Mrd. €), Österreich (minus 14 Mrd. €) sowie Portugal (minus 12 Mrd. €). Der auffallend hohe Handelsbilanzüberschuss der Niederlande beruht zum Teil darauf, dass die Niederlande als Handelsumschlagsplatz zahlreiche Güter importieren, um sie verarbeitet oder unverarbeitet in andere EU-Mitgliedstaaten zu exportieren – entsprechend hatten die Niederlande beim Extra-EU-Handel das größte Handelsbilanzdefizit aller EU-Staaten (minus 130 Mrd. €).</p> <h3 id="node-content-title-1" class="">Begriffe, methodische Anmerkungen oder Lesehilfen</h3> <p>Die <strong>Handelsbilanz</strong> ist auf einen Zeitraum bezogen und gibt den Saldo der Warenausfuhren und -einfuhren eines Staates oder einer Staatengruppe an. Bei einem Handelsbilanzüberschuss bzw. -defizit erhöht sich die Gläubiger- bzw. Schuldnerposition gegenüber dem Ausland. Da die Handelsbilanz eine Teilbilanz der Leistungsbilanz ist, kann ein Ungleichgewicht der Handelsbilanz durch die Salden anderer Teilbilanzen ausgeglichen werden.</p> <p>Informationen zum <strong>Außenhandel der EU</strong> erhalten Sie <bpb-link-preview node-id="70555" api-endpoint="/bpbapi/teaser-node-link-preview/"><a href="/kurz-knapp/zahlen-und-fakten/europa/70555/aussenhandel-der-eu/" class="styled-link styled-link--internal"><span class="a-visually-hidden">Interner Link: </span>hier...</a></bpb-link-preview></p> <p>Informationen zu den <strong>Handelsbeziehungen der EU</strong> erhalten Sie <bpb-link-preview node-id="135833" api-endpoint="/bpbapi/teaser-node-link-preview/"><a href="/kurz-knapp/zahlen-und-fakten/europa/135833/eu-usa-china-handelsbeziehungen-export/" class="styled-link styled-link--internal"><span class="a-visually-hidden">Interner Link: </span>hier...</a></bpb-link-preview></p> <p>Informationen zu den <strong>Leistungsbilanzen der EU-Staaten</strong> erhalten Sie <bpb-link-preview node-id="70558" api-endpoint="/bpbapi/teaser-node-link-preview/"><a href="/kurz-knapp/zahlen-und-fakten/europa/70558/leistungsbilanzen/" class="styled-link styled-link--internal"><span class="a-visually-hidden">Interner Link: </span>hier...</a></bpb-link-preview></p> <figure class="styled-table-wrapper"> <figcaption class="styled-table-wrapper__caption"> <h4 class="styled-table-wrapper__heading">Binnenhandel der EU</h4> <p>Anteil des Warenhandels innerhalb der Europäischen Union an den weltweiten Warenexporten und -importen der 28 EU-Mitgliedstaaten in Prozent, Gesamtexporte und -importe sowie Handelsbilanz in absoluten Zahlen, 2017</p> </figcaption> <div class="styled-table-wrapper__inner"> <table style="margin-bottom: 48px; width: 800px" class="styled-table"> <thead class="styled-table__header"> <tr class="styled-table__row"> <th scope="col" rowspan="3" class="styled-table__cell"></th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2" class="styled-table__cell">Handels-<br/>bilanz</th> <th scope="colgroup" colspan="2" class="styled-table__cell">Exporte</th> <th scope="colgroup" colspan="2" class="styled-table__cell">Importe</th> </tr> <tr class="styled-table__row"> <th scope="col" style="width: 76px;" class="styled-table__cell">insgesamt</th> <th scope="col" style="width: 76px;" class="styled-table__cell">innerhalb<br/>der EU</th> <th scope="col" style="width: 76px;" class="styled-table__cell">insgesamt</th> <th scope="col" style="width: 76px;" class="styled-table__cell">innerhalb<br/>der EU</th> </tr> <tr class="styled-table__row"> <th scope="col" class="styled-table__cell">in Mrd. Euro</th> <th scope="col" class="styled-table__cell">in Mrd. Euro</th> <th scope="col" class="styled-table__cell">in Prozent</th> <th scope="col" class="styled-table__cell">in Mrd. Euro</th> <th scope="col" class="styled-table__cell">in Prozent</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody class="styled-table__body"> <tr style="line-height: 26px;" class="styled-table__row"> <th scope="row" class="styled-table__cell styled-table__cell--right"> 28 EU-Mitgliedstaaten </th> <td class="styled-table__cell">84,8</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">5.223,8</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">64,0</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">5.139,0</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">63,8</td> </tr> <tr class="styled-table__row"> <th scope="row" class="styled-table__cell styled-table__cell--right"> Deutschland </th> <td class="styled-table__cell">248,8</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">1.281,9</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">58,5</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">1.033,1</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">66,0</td> </tr> <tr class="styled-table__row"> <th scope="row" class="styled-table__cell styled-table__cell--right"> Niederlande </th> <td class="styled-table__cell">67,9</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">576,6</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">75,2</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">508,7</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">46,3</td> </tr> <tr class="styled-table__row"> <th scope="row" class="styled-table__cell styled-table__cell--right"> Italien </th> <td class="styled-table__cell">47,4</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">448,1</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">55,6</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">400,7</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">60,1</td> </tr> <tr class="styled-table__row"> <th scope="row" class="styled-table__cell styled-table__cell--right"> Irland </th> <td class="styled-table__cell">43,1</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">121,5</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">51,1</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">78,4</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">65,3</td> </tr> <tr class="styled-table__row"> <th scope="row" class="styled-table__cell styled-table__cell--right"> Belgien </th> <td class="styled-table__cell">20,8</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">381,0</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">72,0</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">360,2</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">64,3</td> </tr> <tr class="styled-table__row"> <th scope="row" class="styled-table__cell styled-table__cell--right"> Tschechien </th> <td class="styled-table__cell">16,1</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">159,5</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">83,7</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">143,4</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">78,2</td> </tr> <tr class="styled-table__row"> <th scope="row" class="styled-table__cell styled-table__cell--right"> Dänemark </th> <td class="styled-table__cell">8,5</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">90,8</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">61,8</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">82,4</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">70,0</td> </tr> <tr class="styled-table__row"> <th scope="row" class="styled-table__cell styled-table__cell--right"> Ungarn </th> <td class="styled-table__cell">5,6</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">100,8</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">81,2</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">95,2</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">76,1</td> </tr> <tr class="styled-table__row"> <th scope="row" class="styled-table__cell styled-table__cell--right"> Slowenien </th> <td class="styled-table__cell">2,1</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">34,0</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">75,7</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">31,9</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">69,4</td> </tr> <tr class="styled-table__row"> <th scope="row" class="styled-table__cell styled-table__cell--right"> Slowakei </th> <td class="styled-table__cell">1,1</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">74,8</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">85,7</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">73,7</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">79,8</td> </tr> <tr class="styled-table__row"> <th scope="row" class="styled-table__cell styled-table__cell--right"> Polen </th> <td class="styled-table__cell">0,4</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">204,4</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">79,7</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">204,0</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">71,3</td> </tr> <tr class="styled-table__row"> <th scope="row" class="styled-table__cell styled-table__cell--right"> Schweden </th> <td class="styled-table__cell">-0,8</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">135,5</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">59,2</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">136,3</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">71,0</td> </tr> <tr class="styled-table__row"> <th scope="row" class="styled-table__cell styled-table__cell--right"> Estland </th> <td class="styled-table__cell">-1,9</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">12,9</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">71,7</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">14,7</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">81,0</td> </tr> <tr class="styled-table__row"> <th scope="row" class="styled-table__cell styled-table__cell--right"> Litauen </th> <td class="styled-table__cell">-2,1</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">26,4</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">58,3</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">28,5</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">70,6</td> </tr> <tr class="styled-table__row"> <th scope="row" class="styled-table__cell styled-table__cell--right"> Finnland </th> <td class="styled-table__cell">-2,2</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">60,2</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">59,5</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">62,5</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">71,7</td> </tr> <tr class="styled-table__row"> <th scope="row" class="styled-table__cell styled-table__cell--right"> Lettland </th> <td class="styled-table__cell">-2,5</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">12,4</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">66,1</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">14,9</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">78,6</td> </tr> <tr class="styled-table__row"> <th scope="row" class="styled-table__cell styled-table__cell--right"> Malta </th> <td class="styled-table__cell">-2,9</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">2,2</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">53,8</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">5,1</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">62,2</td> </tr> <tr class="styled-table__row"> <th scope="row" class="styled-table__cell styled-table__cell--right"> Bulgarien </th> <td class="styled-table__cell">-3,6</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">26,6</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">66,4</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">30,2</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">64,0</td> </tr> <tr class="styled-table__row"> <th scope="row" class="styled-table__cell styled-table__cell--right"> Zypern </th> <td class="styled-table__cell">-5,2</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">2,9</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">38,2</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">8,1</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">59,9</td> </tr> <tr class="styled-table__row"> <th scope="row" class="styled-table__cell styled-table__cell--right"> Luxemburg </th> <td class="styled-table__cell">-6,1</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">14,0</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">84,2</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">20,1</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">82,9</td> </tr> <tr class="styled-table__row"> <th scope="row" class="styled-table__cell styled-table__cell--right"> Österreich </th> <td class="styled-table__cell">-6,8</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">148,8</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">71,2</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">155,6</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">77,3</td> </tr> <tr class="styled-table__row"> <th scope="row" class="styled-table__cell styled-table__cell--right"> Kroatien </th> <td class="styled-table__cell">-7,8</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">14,2</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">64,0</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">22,0</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">77,7</td> </tr> <tr class="styled-table__row"> <th scope="row" class="styled-table__cell styled-table__cell--right"> Rumänien </th> <td class="styled-table__cell">-12,9</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">62,6</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">75,8</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">75,6</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">75,8</td> </tr> <tr class="styled-table__row"> <th scope="row" class="styled-table__cell styled-table__cell--right"> Portugal </th> <td class="styled-table__cell">-13,9</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">55,1</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">74,1</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">69,0</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">76,2</td> </tr> <tr class="styled-table__row"> <th scope="row" class="styled-table__cell styled-table__cell--right"> Griechenland </th> <td class="styled-table__cell">-21,4</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">28,9</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">53,7</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">50,3</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">52,0</td> </tr> <tr class="styled-table__row"> <th scope="row" class="styled-table__cell styled-table__cell--right"> Spanien </th> <td class="styled-table__cell">-28,3</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">283,6</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">66,3</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">311,9</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">59,7</td> </tr> <tr class="styled-table__row"> <th scope="row" class="styled-table__cell styled-table__cell--right"> Frankreich </th> <td class="styled-table__cell">-79,2</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">473,6</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">58,8</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">552,8</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">69,8</td> </tr> <tr class="styled-table__row"> <th scope="row" class="styled-table__cell styled-table__cell--right"> Vereinigtes<br/>Königreich </th> <td class="styled-table__cell">-179,5</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">390,6</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">47,7</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">570,1</td> <td class="styled-table__cell">51,9</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="styled-table-wrapper__addendum"> <div class="styled-table-source"> <p>Quelle: Eurostat: Online-Datenbank: Intra and Extra-EU trade by Member State (09/2018)</p> </div> </div> </figure></div>  <footer> <div class="text-content spacer-horizontal__inset-narrow"> <bpb-accordion> <bpb-accordion-item> <h3 slot="heading" class="accordion__heading">Quellen / Literatur</h3> <div slot="content" class="text-content"> <p>Eurostat: Online-Datenbank: Intra and Extra-EU trade by Member State and by product group (09/2018) </div> </bpb-accordion-item> </bpb-accordion> </div> <section class="section accordion-no-border-top"> <h2 class="a-visually-hidden">Fussnoten</h2> <div class="spacer-horizontal__inset-narrow"> </div> </section> <section class="section"> <h2 class="a-visually-hidden">Lizenz</h2> <div class="spacer-horizontal__inset-narrow"> <div class="article-license"> <div class="article-license__logo"><a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/de/" target="extern"><img alt="Creative Commons License" width="100" style="width:100%;" 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