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href="#Design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Design </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Filming </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Post-production </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soundtrack" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soundtrack"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Soundtrack </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soundtrack-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cinematic_and_literary_allusions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cinematic_and_literary_allusions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Cinematic and literary allusions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cinematic_and_literary_allusions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marketing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marketing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Marketing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marketing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Release" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Release"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Release </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Release-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Release subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Release-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-MPAA_rating" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MPAA_rating"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 MPAA rating </div> </a> <ul id="toc-MPAA_rating-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_public_screening" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_public_screening"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 First public screening </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_public_screening-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Premiere_and_initial_release" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Premiere_and_initial_release"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Premiere and initial release </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Premiere_and_initial_release-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Box_office" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Box_office"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Box office </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Box_office-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Reception </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reception-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Reception subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Critical_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critical_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Critical response </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Critical_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accolades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accolades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Accolades </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accolades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-release" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-release"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Post-release </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Post-release-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Post-release subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Post-release-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Theatrical_re-releases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatrical_re-releases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Theatrical re-releases </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatrical_re-releases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Special_Edition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_Edition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1.1 Special Edition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_Edition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Home_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Home_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Home media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Home_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Merchandising" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Merchandising"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Merchandising </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Merchandising-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy_and_influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy_and_influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Legacy and influence </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy_and_influence-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legacy and influence subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy_and_influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 In popular culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cinematic_influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cinematic_influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Cinematic influence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cinematic_influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sequels,_prequels,_and_adaptations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sequels,_prequels,_and_adaptations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Sequels, prequels, and adaptations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sequels,_prequels,_and_adaptations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.2 Works cited </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Further reading </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Further reading subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.1 Books </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.2 Other </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Star Wars (film)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 78 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-78" aria-hidden="true" > 78 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars_Episode_IV:_A_New_Hope" title="Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85_(%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%85)" title="حرب النجوم (فيلم) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حرب النجوم (فيلم)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars_Episode_IV:_A_New_Hope" title="Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D6%89_%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%AA%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%B4%D6%89_%D5%86%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%85%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%BD" title="Աստղային Պատերազմներ։ Բաժին Դ։ Նոր Յոյս – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Աստղային Պատերազմներ։ Բաժին Դ։ Նոր Յոյս" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_IV_-_A_New_Hope" title="Star Wars: Episode IV - A New Hope – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Star Wars: Episode IV - A New Hope" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulduz_m%C3%BCharib%C9%99l%C9%99ri_(film)" title="Ulduz müharibələri (film) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ulduz müharibələri (film)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C:_%D8%A8%D8%A4%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85_%DB%B4-%D8%AC%D9%88_-_%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF" title="اولدوز ساواشلاری: بؤلوم ۴-جو - یئنی بیر اومود – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اولدوز ساواشلاری: بؤلوم ۴-جو - یئنی بیر اومود" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8_(%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0)" title="স্টার ওয়ার্স (চলচ্চিত্র) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্টার ওয়ার্স (চলচ্চিত্র)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B._%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B4_IV:_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Зорныя войны. Эпізод IV: Новая надзея – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Зорныя войны. Эпізод IV: Новая надзея" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B._%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B4_IV:_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Зорныя войны. Эпізод IV: Новая надзея – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Зорныя войны. Эпізод IV: Новая надзея" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8:_%D0%95%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B4_IV_%E2%80%93_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Междузвездни войни: Епизод IV – Нова надежда – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Междузвездни войни: Епизод IV – Нова надежда" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratovi_zvijezda_IV:_Nova_nada" title="Ratovi zvijezda IV: Nova nada – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ratovi zvijezda IV: Nova nada" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_IV_%E2%80%93_A_New_Hope" title="Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars_episodi_IV:_Una_nova_esperan%C3%A7a" title="Star Wars episodi IV: Una nova esperança – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Star Wars episodi IV: Una nova esperança" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars_(pelikula)" title="Star Wars (pelikula) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Star Wars (pelikula)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars:_Epizoda_IV_%E2%80%93_Nov%C3%A1_nad%C4%9Bje" title="Star Wars: Epizoda IV – Nová naděje – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Star Wars: Epizoda IV – Nová naděje" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars_Episode_IV:_A_New_Hope" title="Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars_Episode_IV:_Et_nyt_h%C3%A5b" title="Star Wars Episode IV: Et nyt håb – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Star Wars Episode IV: Et nyt håb" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krieg_der_Sterne" title="Krieg der Sterne – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Krieg der Sterne" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4htede_s%C3%B5da" title="Tähtede sõda – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tähtede sõda" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F_%CE%A0%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%86%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CF%89%CE%BD_(%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Ο Πόλεμος των Άστρων (ταινία) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ο Πόλεμος των Άστρων (ταινία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episodio_IV_-_Una_nueva_esperanza" title="Star Wars: Episodio IV - Una nueva esperanza – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Star Wars: Episodio IV - Una nueva esperanza" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars_Episode_IV:_A_New_Hope" title="Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars_IV._Atala:_Itxaropen_Berria" title="Star Wars IV. Atala: Itxaropen Berria – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Star Wars IV. Atala: Itxaropen Berria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85)" title="جنگ ستارگان (فیلم) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنگ ستارگان (فیلم)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars_Episode_IV:_Ein_n%C3%BDggj_v%C3%B3n" title="Star Wars Episode IV: Ein nýggj vón – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Star Wars Episode IV: Ein nýggj vón" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars,_%C3%A9pisode_IV_:_Un_nouvel_espoir" title="Star Wars, épisode IV : Un nouvel espoir – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Star Wars, épisode IV : Un nouvel espoir" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_IV_%E2%80%93_A_New_Hope" title="Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars_Episode_IV:_A_New_Hope" title="Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars_(fillym)" title="Star Wars (fillym) – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Star Wars (fillym)" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_guerra_das_galaxias_(filme)" title="A guerra das galaxias (filme) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="A guerra das galaxias (filme)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%EC%9B%8C%EC%A6%88_(%EC%98%81%ED%99%94)" title="스타워즈 (영화) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스타워즈 (영화)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D6%89_%D4%B7%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B8%D5%A4_IV%D6%89_%D5%86%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%B0%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%BD" title="Աստղային պատերազմներ։ Էպիզոդ IV։ Նոր հույս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աստղային պատերազմներ։ Էպիզոդ IV։ Նոր հույս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1_IV:_%E0%A4%85_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA" title="स्टार वॉर्स एपिसोड IV: अ न्यू होप – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्टार वॉर्स एपिसोड IV: अ न्यू होप" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratovi_zvijezda_IV:_Nova_nada" title="Ratovi zvijezda IV: Nova nada – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ratovi zvijezda IV: Nova nada" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars_Episode_IV:_A_New_Hope" title="Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stj%C3%B6rnustr%C3%AD%C3%B0:_N%C3%BD_von" title="Stjörnustríð: Ný von – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stjörnustríð: Ný von" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerre_stellari_(film)" title="Guerre stellari (film) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Guerre stellari (film)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9D_%E2%80%93_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A7_4:_%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%94_%D7%97%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%94" title="מלחמת הכוכבים – פרק 4: תקווה חדשה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מלחמת הכוכבים – פרק 4: תקווה חדשה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98)" title="ვარსკვლავური ომები (ფილმი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვარსკვლავური ომები (ფილმი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D2%B1%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%BE%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80:_%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B4_IV_-_%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D2%AF%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%82" title="Жұлдызды соғыстар: Эпизод IV - Жаңа үміт – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жұлдызды соғыстар: Эпизод IV - Жаңа үміт" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars_Episode_IV:_A_New_Hope" title="Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvaig%C5%BE%C5%86u_kari:_Jaun%C4%81_cer%C4%ABba" title="Zvaigžņu kari: Jaunā cerība – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Zvaigžņu kari: Jaunā cerība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_IV_-_A_New_Hope" title="Star Wars: Episode IV - A New Hope – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Star Wars: Episode IV - A New Hope" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDvaig%C5%BEd%C5%BEi%C5%B3_karai:_epizodas_IV_%E2%80%93_nauja_viltis" title="Žvaigždžių karai: epizodas IV – nauja viltis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Žvaigždžių karai: epizodas IV – nauja viltis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go%C3%A6re_Stell%C3%A6_(film)" title="Goære Stellæ (film) – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Goære Stellæ (film)" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars_IV._r%C3%A9sz_%E2%80%93_Egy_%C3%BAj_rem%C3%A9ny" title="Star Wars IV. rész – Egy új remény – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Star Wars IV. rész – Egy új remény" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%95%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%95%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_4:_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Војна на ѕвездите Епизода 4: Нова надеж – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Војна на ѕвездите Епизода 4: Нова надеж" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97_%E0%A5%AA:_%E0%A4%85_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA" title="स्टार वॉर्स भाग ४: अ न्यू होप – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="स्टार वॉर्स भाग ४: अ न्यू होप" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85" title="حرب النجوم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حرب النجوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_IV_%E2%80%93_A_New_Hope" title="Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_IV:_A_New_Hope" title="Star Wars: Episode IV: A New Hope – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Star Wars: Episode IV: A New Hope" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA_%E3%82%A8%E3%83%94%E3%82%BD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%894/%E6%96%B0%E3%81%9F%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8B%E5%B8%8C%E6%9C%9B" title="スター・ウォーズエピソード4/新たなる希望 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スター・ウォーズエピソード4/新たなる希望" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars_Episode_IV:_Et_nytt_h%C3%A5p" title="Star Wars Episode IV: Et nytt håp – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Star Wars Episode IV: Et nytt håp" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars_Episode_IV:_A_New_Hope" title="Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yulduzlar_jangi:_Yangi_umid" title="Yulduzlar jangi: Yangi umid – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yulduzlar jangi: Yangi umid" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwiezdne_wojny:_cz%C4%99%C5%9B%C4%87_IV_%E2%80%93_Nowa_nadzieja" title="Gwiezdne wojny: część IV – Nowa nadzieja – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gwiezdne wojny: część IV – Nowa nadzieja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars:_Epis%C3%B3dio_IV_%E2%80%93_Uma_Nova_Esperan%C3%A7a" title="Star Wars: Episódio IV – Uma Nova Esperança – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Star Wars: Episódio IV – Uma Nova Esperança" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_stelelor_(film)" title="Războiul stelelor (film) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Războiul stelelor (film)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D1%91%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B._%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B4_IV:_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Звёздные войны. Эпизод IV: Новая надежда – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Звёздные войны. Эпизод IV: Новая надежда" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D_-_%E0%A4%85_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D" title="स्टार् वार्स् - अ न्यू होप् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="स्टार् वार्स् - अ न्यू होप्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars_Episode_IV:_A_New_Hope" title="Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hviezdne_vojny_(1977)" title="Hviezdne vojny (1977) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hviezdne vojny (1977)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vojna_zvezd:_Epizoda_IV_%E2%80%93_Novo_upanje" title="Vojna zvezd: Epizoda IV – Novo upanje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vojna zvezd: Epizoda IV – Novo upanje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85)" title="جەنگی ئەستێرەکان (فیلم) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جەنگی ئەستێرەکان (فیلم)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0:_%D0%95%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_IV_%E2%80%94_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Ратови звезда: Епизода IV — Нова нада – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ратови звезда: Епизода IV — Нова нада" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_IV_%E2%80%93_A_New_Hope" title="Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4htien_sota_(alkuper%C3%A4inen_elokuva)" title="Tähtien sota (alkuperäinen elokuva) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tähtien sota (alkuperäinen elokuva)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stj%C3%A4rnornas_krig_(film)" title="Stjärnornas krig (film) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Stjärnornas krig (film)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA_(%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)" title="สตาร์ วอร์ส (ภาพยนตร์) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สตาร์ วอร์ส (ภาพยนตร์)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z_Sava%C5%9Flar%C4%B1:_B%C3%B6l%C3%BCm_IV_-_Yeni_Bir_Umut" title="Yıldız Savaşları: Bölüm IV - Yeni Bir Umut – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yıldız Savaşları: Bölüm IV - Yeni Bir Umut" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8:_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Зоряні війни: Нова надія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Зоряні війни: Нова надія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2_(%D9%81%D9%84%D9%85)" title="اسٹار وارز (فلم) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اسٹار وارز (فلم)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars:_Ni%E1%BB%81m_hi_v%E1%BB%8Dng_m%E1%BB%9Bi" title="Star Wars: Niềm hi vọng mới – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Star Wars: Niềm hi vọng mới" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Guere_des_Stoeles_(fime)" title="Li Guere des Stoeles (fime) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Li Guere des Stoeles (fime)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E7%90%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98IV%EF%BC%9A%E6%96%B0%E5%B8%8C%E6%9C%9B" title="星球大战IV：新希望 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="星球大战IV：新希望" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the original 1977 film. For other films in the franchise, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_films" title="List of Star Wars films">List of Star Wars films</a>. "A New Hope" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/A_New_Hope_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="A New Hope (disambiguation)">A New Hope (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;">Star Wars</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:StarWarsMoviePoster1977.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Film poster showing Luke Skywalker holding a lightsaber in the air, Princess Leia kneeling beside him, and R2-D2 and C-3PO behind them. A figure of the head of Darth Vader and the Death Star with several starfighters heading towards it are shown in the background. Atop the image is the tagline "A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away ..." On the bottom right is the film's logo, and the credits and the production details below that."><img alt="Film poster showing Luke Skywalker holding a lightsaber in the air, Princess Leia kneeling beside him, and R2-D2 and C-3PO behind them. A figure of the head of Darth Vader and the Death Star with several starfighters heading towards it are shown in the background. Atop the image is the tagline "A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away ..." On the bottom right is the film's logo, and the credits and the production details below that." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/87/StarWarsMoviePoster1977.jpg/220px-StarWarsMoviePoster1977.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="336" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/87/StarWarsMoviePoster1977.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="385" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Theatrical release poster by <a href="/wiki/Tom_Jung" title="Tom Jung">Tom Jung</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Directed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Written by</th><td class="infobox-data">George Lucas</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Produced by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Kurtz" title="Gary Kurtz">Gary Kurtz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Starring</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Hamill" title="Mark Hamill">Mark Hamill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Ford" title="Harrison Ford">Harrison Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Fisher" title="Carrie Fisher">Carrie Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Cushing" title="Peter Cushing">Peter Cushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Cinematography</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Taylor" title="Gilbert Taylor">Gilbert Taylor</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Edited by</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hirsch_(film_editor)" title="Paul Hirsch (film editor)">Paul Hirsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcia_Lucas" title="Marcia Lucas">Marcia Lucas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Chew" title="Richard Chew">Richard Chew</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Music by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Production company</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Lucasfilm" title="Lucasfilm">Lucasfilm Ltd.</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Distributed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Century-Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="Twentieth Century-Fox">Twentieth Century-Fox</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Release date</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist film-date"> <ul><li>May 25, 1977 (1977-05-25)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Running time</div></th><td class="infobox-data">121 minutes<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States<a href="#cite_note-BFI-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data">$11 million<a href="#cite_note-BOM-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Budget-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Box office</th><td class="infobox-data">$775.4 million<a href="#cite_note-BOM-3">[3]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Star Wars (later retitled Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope) is a 1977 American <a href="/wiki/Epic_film" title="Epic film">epic</a> <a href="/wiki/Space_opera" title="Space opera">space opera</a> film written and directed by <a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a>, produced by <a href="/wiki/Lucasfilm" title="Lucasfilm">Lucasfilm</a> and distributed by <a href="/wiki/20th_Century-Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century-Fox">Twentieth Century-Fox</a>. It is the first film released in the <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars" title="Star Wars">Star Wars</a> film series and the fourth chronological chapter of the "<a href="/wiki/Skywalker_Saga" class="mw-redirect" title="Skywalker Saga">Skywalker Saga</a>". Set "a long time ago" in <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_galaxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Star Wars galaxy">a fictional galaxy</a> ruled by the tyrannical <a href="/wiki/Galactic_Empire_(Star_Wars)" title="Galactic Empire (Star Wars)">Galactic Empire</a>, the story follows a group of freedom fighters known as the <a href="/wiki/Rebel_Alliance" title="Rebel Alliance">Rebel Alliance</a>, who aim to destroy the Empire's newest weapon, the <a href="/wiki/Death_Star" title="Death Star">Death Star</a>. When the Rebel leader <a href="/wiki/Princess_Leia" title="Princess Leia">Princess Leia</a> is captured by the Empire, <a href="/wiki/Luke_Skywalker" title="Luke Skywalker">Luke Skywalker</a> acquires stolen architectural plans of the Death Star and sets out to rescue her while learning the ways of a metaphysical power known as "<a href="/wiki/The_Force" title="The Force">the Force</a>" from the <a href="/wiki/Jedi_Master" class="mw-redirect" title="Jedi Master">Jedi Master</a> <a href="/wiki/Obi-Wan_Kenobi" title="Obi-Wan Kenobi">Obi-Wan Kenobi</a>. The cast includes <a href="/wiki/Mark_Hamill" title="Mark Hamill">Mark Hamill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harrison_Ford" title="Harrison Ford">Harrison Ford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carrie_Fisher" title="Carrie Fisher">Carrie Fisher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cushing" title="Peter Cushing">Peter Cushing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Daniels" title="Anthony Daniels">Anthony Daniels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Baker_(English_actor)" title="Kenny Baker (English actor)">Kenny Baker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mayhew" title="Peter Mayhew">Peter Mayhew</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Prowse" title="David Prowse">David Prowse</a>, and <a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a>. Lucas had the idea for a <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">science fiction film</a> in the vein of <a href="/wiki/Flash_Gordon" title="Flash Gordon">Flash Gordon</a> around the time he completed his first film, <a href="/wiki/THX_1138" title="THX 1138">THX 1138</a> (1971), and he began working on a <a href="/wiki/Film_treatment" title="Film treatment">treatment</a> after the release of <a href="/wiki/American_Graffiti" title="American Graffiti">American Graffiti</a> (1973). After numerous rewrites, filming took place throughout 1975 and 1976 in locations including Tunisia and <a href="/wiki/Elstree_Studios" title="Elstree Studios">Elstree Studios</a> in Hertfordshire, England. Lucas formed the visual effects company <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Light_%26_Magic" title="Industrial Light & Magic">Industrial Light & Magic</a> to help create the film's visual effects. Star Wars suffered production difficulties: the cast and crew believed the film would be a failure, and it went $3 million over budget due to delays. Few were confident in the film's box office prospects. It was released in a small number of theaters in the United States on May 25, 1977, and quickly became a surprise blockbuster hit, leading to it being expanded to a much wider release. Star Wars opened to positive reviews, with praise for its special effects. It grossed $410 million worldwide during its initial run, surpassing <a href="/wiki/Jaws_(film)" title="Jaws (film)">Jaws</a> (1975) to become the <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_highest-grossing_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of highest-grossing films">highest-grossing film</a> until the release of <a href="/wiki/E.T._the_Extra-Terrestrial" title="E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial">E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial</a> (1982); subsequent releases have brought its total gross to $775 million. When adjusted for inflation, Star Wars is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films_in_the_United_States_and_Canada#Adjusted_for_ticket-price_inflation" title="List of highest-grossing films in the United States and Canada">second-highest-grossing film in North America</a> (behind <a href="/wiki/Gone_with_the_Wind_(film)" title="Gone with the Wind (film)">Gone with the Wind</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Highest-grossing_films_adjusted_for_inflation" class="mw-redirect" title="Highest-grossing films adjusted for inflation">fourth-highest-grossing film of all time</a>. It received <a href="/wiki/50th_Academy_Awards" title="50th Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a>, <a href="/wiki/BAFTA" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFTA">BAFTA</a> Awards, and <a href="/wiki/Saturn_Awards" title="Saturn Awards">Saturn Awards</a>, among others. The film has been reissued many times with Lucas's support—most significantly the 20th-anniversary theatrical "Special Edition"—and the reissues have contained many changes, including new scenes, visual effects, and dialogue. Often regarded as one of the greatest and most influential films ever made, Star Wars <a href="/wiki/Cultural_impact_of_Star_Wars" title="Cultural impact of Star Wars">quickly became</a> a worldwide <a href="/wiki/Popular_culture" title="Popular culture">pop culture</a> phenomenon, launching an industry of tie-in products, including <a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_books" title="List of Star Wars books">novels</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_comics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Star Wars comics">comics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_video_games" title="Star Wars video games">video games</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_theme_parks_attractions" title="List of Star Wars theme parks attractions">amusement park attractions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Star_Wars_merchandise" title="Category:Star Wars merchandise">merchandise</a> such as toys, games, and clothing. It became one of the first 25 films selected by the United States <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> for preservation in the <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Registry" title="National Film Registry">National Film Registry</a> in 1989, and <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(soundtrack)" title="Star Wars (soundtrack)">its soundtrack</a> was added to the U.S. <a href="/wiki/National_Recording_Registry" title="National Recording Registry">National Recording Registry</a> in 2004. <a href="/wiki/The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="The Empire Strikes Back">The Empire Strikes Back</a> (1980) and <a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Return of the Jedi">Return of the Jedi</a> (1983) followed Star Wars, rounding out the <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_original_trilogy" title="Star Wars original trilogy">original Star Wars trilogy</a>. <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_prequel_trilogy" title="Star Wars prequel trilogy">A prequel trilogy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_sequel_trilogy" title="Star Wars sequel trilogy">a sequel trilogy</a> have since been released, in addition to <a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_films#Standalone_films" title="List of Star Wars films">two standalone films</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_television_series" title="List of Star Wars television series">various television series</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot">Plot</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Plot">edit</a>]</div> Amid a galactic civil war, <a href="/wiki/Rebel_Alliance" title="Rebel Alliance">Rebel Alliance</a> spies have stolen plans to the <a href="/wiki/Death_Star" title="Death Star">Death Star</a>, a colossal space station built by the <a href="/wiki/Galactic_Empire_(Star_Wars)" title="Galactic Empire (Star Wars)">Galactic Empire</a> that is capable of destroying entire planets. <a href="/wiki/Princess_Leia_Organa" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Leia Organa">Princess Leia Organa</a> of <a href="/wiki/Alderaan" title="Alderaan">Alderaan</a>, secretly a Rebel leader, has obtained the schematics, but her ship is intercepted and boarded by Imperial forces under the command of <a href="/wiki/Darth_Vader" title="Darth Vader">Darth Vader</a>. Leia is taken prisoner, but the <a href="/wiki/Droid_(Star_Wars)" title="Droid (Star Wars)">droids</a> <a href="/wiki/R2-D2" title="R2-D2">R2-D2</a> and <a href="/wiki/C-3PO" title="C-3PO">C-3PO</a> escape with the plans, crashing on the nearby planet of <a href="/wiki/Tatooine" title="Tatooine">Tatooine</a>. Darth Vader learns of this and orders the Imperials to pursue the droids. The droids are captured by <a href="/wiki/Jawas" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawas">Jawa</a> traders, who sell them to the moisture farmers <a href="/wiki/Owen_Lars" class="mw-redirect" title="Owen Lars">Owen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beru_Lars" class="mw-redirect" title="Beru Lars">Beru Lars</a> and their nephew, <a href="/wiki/Luke_Skywalker" title="Luke Skywalker">Luke Skywalker</a>. While Luke is cleaning R2-D2, he discovers a recording of Leia requesting help from a former ally named <a href="/wiki/Obi-Wan_Kenobi" title="Obi-Wan Kenobi">Obi-Wan Kenobi</a>. R2-D2 goes missing, and while searching for him, Luke is attacked by <a href="/wiki/Tusken_Raiders" title="Tusken Raiders">Sand People</a>. He is rescued by the elderly hermit Ben Kenobi, who soon reveals himself to be Obi-Wan. He tells Luke about his past as one of the <a href="/wiki/Jedi" title="Jedi">Jedi</a> Knights, former peacekeepers of the <a href="/wiki/Galactic_Republic" title="Galactic Republic">Galactic Republic</a>, who drew mystical abilities from <a href="/wiki/The_Force" title="The Force">the Force</a> but were hunted to near-extinction by the Empire. Luke learns that his father, also a Jedi, fought alongside Obi-Wan during the <a href="/wiki/Clone_Wars_(Star_Wars)" class="mw-redirect" title="Clone Wars (Star Wars)">Clone Wars</a> until Vader, Obi-Wan's former pupil, turned to the <a href="/wiki/Dark_side_of_the_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark side of the Force">dark side of the Force</a> and murdered him. Obi-Wan gives Luke his father's <a href="/wiki/Lightsaber" title="Lightsaber">lightsaber</a>, the signature weapon of the Jedi.<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leiadeathstar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/82/Leiadeathstar.jpg/220px-Leiadeathstar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/82/Leiadeathstar.jpg/330px-Leiadeathstar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/82/Leiadeathstar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="216" /></a><figcaption>Luke, Leia and Han</figcaption></figure>R2-D2 plays Leia's full message, in which she begs Obi-Wan to take the Death Star plans to Alderaan and give them to her father, a fellow veteran, for analysis. Luke initially declines Obi-Wan's offer to accompany him to Alderaan and learn the ways of the Force, but he is left with no choice after Imperial <a href="/wiki/Stormtrooper_(Star_Wars)" title="Stormtrooper (Star Wars)">stormtroopers</a> murdered his family and destroyed his home while searching for the droids. Seeking a way off the planet, Luke and Obi-Wan travel to the city of <a href="/wiki/Mos_Eisley" title="Mos Eisley">Mos Eisley</a> and hire <a href="/wiki/Han_Solo" title="Han Solo">Han Solo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chewbacca" title="Chewbacca">Chewbacca</a>, pilots of the starship <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Falcon" title="Millennium Falcon">Millennium Falcon</a>. Before the Falcon reaches Alderaan, the Death Star commander <a href="/wiki/Grand_Moff_Tarkin" title="Grand Moff Tarkin">Grand Moff Tarkin</a> has the planet obliterated by the station's superlaser.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Upon arrival, the Falcon is captured by the Death Star's <a href="/wiki/Tractor_beam" title="Tractor beam">tractor beam</a>, but the passengers avoid detection and infiltrate the station. As Obi-Wan leaves to deactivate the tractor beam, Luke persuades Han and Chewbacca to help him rescue Leia, who is scheduled for execution after refusing to reveal the location of the Rebel base. After disabling the tractor beam, Obi-Wan sacrifices himself in a lightsaber duel against Vader, which allows the rest of the group to escape. Using a tracking device placed on the Falcon, the Empire locates the Rebel base on the moon <a href="/wiki/Yavin_4" title="Yavin 4">Yavin 4</a>. Analysis of the Death Star schematics reveals a weakness in a small exhaust port leading directly to the station's reactor. Luke joins the Rebellion's <a href="/wiki/X-wing_fighter" title="X-wing fighter">X-wing</a> squadron in a desperate attack against the Death Star, while Han and Chewbacca leave to pay off a debt to the crime lord <a href="/wiki/Jabba_the_Hutt" title="Jabba the Hutt">Jabba the Hutt</a>. In the ensuing battle, Vader leads a squadron of <a href="/wiki/TIE_fighter" title="TIE fighter">TIE fighters</a> and destroys several Rebel ships. Han and Chewbacca unexpectedly return in the Falcon, knocking Vader's ship off course before he can shoot Luke down. Guided by the voice of Obi-Wan's <a href="/wiki/The_Force#Afterlife" title="The Force">spirit</a>, Luke uses the Force to aim his torpedoes into the exhaust port, causing the Death Star to explode moments before it can fire on the Rebel base. In a triumphant ceremony, Leia awards Luke and Han medals for their heroism. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cast">Cast</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cast">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_characters" title="List of Star Wars characters">List of Star Wars characters</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_cast_members" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Star Wars cast members">List of Star Wars cast members</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:412px;max-width:412px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:183px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Mark_Hamill_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A photograph of Mark Hamill" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Mark_Hamill_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg/150px-Mark_Hamill_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Mark_Hamill_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg/225px-Mark_Hamill_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Mark_Hamill_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg/300px-Mark_Hamill_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2072" data-file-height="2549" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:183px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Harrison_Ford_by_Gage_Skidmore_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A photograph of Harrison Ford" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Harrison_Ford_by_Gage_Skidmore_3.jpg/130px-Harrison_Ford_by_Gage_Skidmore_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Harrison_Ford_by_Gage_Skidmore_3.jpg/195px-Harrison_Ford_by_Gage_Skidmore_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Harrison_Ford_by_Gage_Skidmore_3.jpg/260px-Harrison_Ford_by_Gage_Skidmore_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2376" data-file-height="3352" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:122px;max-width:122px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:183px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Carrie_Fisher_2013-a_straightened.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A photograph of Carrie Fisher" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Carrie_Fisher_2013-a_straightened.jpg/120px-Carrie_Fisher_2013-a_straightened.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Carrie_Fisher_2013-a_straightened.jpg/180px-Carrie_Fisher_2013-a_straightened.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Carrie_Fisher_2013-a_straightened.jpg/240px-Carrie_Fisher_2013-a_straightened.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1443" data-file-height="2211" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Left to right: <a href="/wiki/Mark_Hamill" title="Mark Hamill">Mark Hamill</a> (pictured in 2019), <a href="/wiki/Harrison_Ford" title="Harrison Ford">Harrison Ford</a> (2017), and <a href="/wiki/Carrie_Fisher" title="Carrie Fisher">Carrie Fisher</a> (2013)</div></div></div></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Hamill" title="Mark Hamill">Mark Hamill</a> as <a href="/wiki/Luke_Skywalker" title="Luke Skywalker">Luke Skywalker</a>: A young adult raised by his aunt and uncle on Tatooine, who dreams of something more than his current life.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Ford" title="Harrison Ford">Harrison Ford</a> as <a href="/wiki/Han_Solo" title="Han Solo">Han Solo</a>: A smuggler and captain of the Millennium Falcon <a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Fisher" title="Carrie Fisher">Carrie Fisher</a> as <a href="/wiki/Princess_Leia" title="Princess Leia">Princess Leia Organa</a>: Princess of the planet Alderaan, member of the Imperial Senate, and a leader of the Rebel Alliance<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Cushing" title="Peter Cushing">Peter Cushing</a> as <a href="/wiki/Grand_Moff_Tarkin" title="Grand Moff Tarkin">Grand Moff Tarkin</a>: The commander of the Death Star<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHidalgoSansweet2008c220-12">[12]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> as <a href="/wiki/Obi-Wan_Kenobi" title="Obi-Wan Kenobi">Ben (Obi-Wan) Kenobi</a>: An aging Jedi Master who introduces Luke to the Force<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHidalgoSansweet2008b212-14">[14]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Daniels" title="Anthony Daniels">Anthony Daniels</a> as <a href="/wiki/C-3PO" title="C-3PO">See Threepio (C3PO)</a>: A humanoid protocol droid<a href="#cite_note-15">[a]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Baker_(English_actor)" title="Kenny Baker (English actor)">Kenny Baker</a> as <a href="/wiki/R2-D2" title="R2-D2">Artoo Detoo (R2-D2)</a>: An astromech droid<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Mayhew" title="Peter Mayhew">Peter Mayhew</a> as <a href="/wiki/Chewbacca" title="Chewbacca">Chewbacca</a>: Han's <a href="/wiki/Wookiee" title="Wookiee">Wookiee</a> friend and co-pilot of the Millennium Falcon <a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Prowse" title="David Prowse">David Prowse</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a> (voice) as <a href="/wiki/Darth_Vader" title="Darth Vader">Lord Darth Vader</a>: Obi-Wan's former Jedi apprentice who fell to the dark side of the Force<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHidalgoSansweet2008c278–288-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Phil_Brown_(actor)" title="Phil Brown (actor)">Phil Brown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shelagh_Fraser" title="Shelagh Fraser">Shelagh Fraser</a> appear as Luke's <a href="/wiki/Owen_Lars" class="mw-redirect" title="Owen Lars">Uncle Owen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beru_Lars" class="mw-redirect" title="Beru Lars">Aunt Beru</a>, respectively,<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2008179-22">[21]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jack_Purvis_(actor)" title="Jack Purvis (actor)">Jack Purvis</a> portrays the Chief Jawa.<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> Rebel leaders include <a href="/wiki/Alex_McCrindle" title="Alex McCrindle">Alex McCrindle</a> as <a href="/wiki/Jan_Dodonna" class="mw-redirect" title="Jan Dodonna">General Dodonna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Byrne" title="Eddie Byrne">Eddie Byrne</a> as General Willard. Imperial commanders include <a href="/wiki/Don_Henderson" title="Don Henderson">Don Henderson</a> as <a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_characters#General_Taggi_/_Tagge" title="List of Star Wars characters">General Taggi</a>,<a href="#cite_note-26">[b]</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_LeParmentier" title="Richard LeParmentier">Richard LeParmentier</a> as General Motti, and <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Schofield" title="Leslie Schofield">Leslie Schofield</a> as Commander #1. Rebel pilots are played by <a href="/wiki/Drewe_Henley" title="Drewe Henley">Drewe Henley</a> (Red Leader, mistakenly credited as Drewe Hemley),<a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a> <a href="/wiki/Denis_Lawson" title="Denis Lawson">Denis Lawson</a> (Red Two/<a href="/wiki/Wedge_Antilles" title="Wedge Antilles">Wedge</a>, credited as Dennis Lawson), <a href="/wiki/Garrick_Hagon" title="Garrick Hagon">Garrick Hagon</a> (Red Three/Biggs), <a href="/wiki/Jack_Klaff" title="Jack Klaff">Jack Klaff</a> (Red Four/John "D"), <a href="/wiki/William_Hootkins" title="William Hootkins">William Hootkins</a> (Red Six/Porkins), <a href="/wiki/Angus_MacInnes" title="Angus MacInnes">Angus MacInnes</a> (Gold Leader, credited as Angus McInnis), <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Sinden" title="Jeremy Sinden">Jeremy Sinden</a> (Gold Two), and Graham Ashley (Gold Five).<a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a> Uncredited actors include <a href="/wiki/Paul_Blake_(actor,_born_1949)" title="Paul Blake (actor, born 1949)">Paul Blake</a> as the bounty hunter <a href="/wiki/Greedo" class="mw-redirect" title="Greedo">Greedo</a>,<a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alfie_Curtis" title="Alfie Curtis">Alfie Curtis</a> as the outlaw who confronts Luke in the cantina,<a href="#cite_note-32">[c]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[30]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Geddis" title="Peter Geddis">Peter Geddis</a> as the Rebel officer who is strangled by Darth Vader.<a href="#cite_note-36">[d]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[33]</a> Heavily synthesized audio recordings of <a href="/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne">John Wayne</a> (from his earlier films) were used for the voice of Garindan, an Imperial spy.<a href="#cite_note-38">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Production">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Development">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Lucas_1986_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/George_Lucas_1986_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-George_Lucas_1986_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/George_Lucas_1986_%28cropped%29.jpg/225px-George_Lucas_1986_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/George_Lucas_1986_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="294" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption>Star Wars creator George Lucas (pictured in 1986)</figcaption></figure> Lucas had the idea for a space opera prior to 1971.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler20082-39">[35]</a> According to Mark Hamill, he wanted to make it before his 1973 coming-of-age film American Graffiti.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaminski200863-40">[36]</a> His original plan was to adapt the <a href="/wiki/Flash_Gordon" title="Flash Gordon">Flash Gordon</a> space adventure comics and serials into films, having been fascinated by them since he was young.<a href="#cite_note-ASCbehind1-41">[37]</a> Lucas attempted to purchase the rights, but they had already been acquired by producer <a href="/wiki/Dino_De_Laurentiis" title="Dino De Laurentiis">Dino De Laurentiis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FlashG-42">[38]</a> Lucas then discovered that Flash Gordon was inspired by the <a href="/wiki/John_Carter_of_Mars_(collection)" title="John Carter of Mars (collection)">John Carter of Mars</a> book series by <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Rice_Burroughs" title="Edgar Rice Burroughs">Edgar Rice Burroughs</a>, the author of <a href="/wiki/Tarzan" title="Tarzan">Tarzan</a>. Burroughs, in turn, had been influenced by <a href="/wiki/Lieut._Gullivar_Jones:_His_Vacation" title="Lieut. Gullivar Jones: His Vacation">Gulliver on Mars</a>, a 1905 <a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">science fantasy</a> written by <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Lester_Arnold" title="Edwin Lester Arnold">Edwin Arnold</a>. Lucas took the science fantasy concept and began developing what he would later call a "space fantasy".<a href="#cite_note-ASCbehind1-41">[37]</a> In May 1971, Lucas persuaded the head of <a href="/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists">United Artists</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_V._Picker" title="David V. Picker">David Picker</a>, to take a chance on two of his film ideas: American Graffiti and the space opera.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaminski2008Adventures_in_Filmmaking-43">[39]</a> Although Lucas signed a two-picture deal, the studio ultimately declined to produce Graffiti. <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a> picked it up, and Lucas spent the next two years making the coming-of-age film, which was immensely successful.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaminski2008Adventures_in_Filmmaking-43">[39]</a> In January 1973, he began working on the space opera full-time.<a href="#cite_note-ASCbehind1-41">[37]</a> He began the process by inventing odd names for characters and places. By the time the screenplay was finalized he had discarded many of the names, but several made it into the final script and later sequels.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaminski2008The_Screenplay_Begins-44">[40]</a> He used his early notes to compile a two-page synopsis titled Journal of the Whills, which chronicled the tale of CJ Thorpe, an apprentice "Jedi-Bendu", who was being trained by the legendary Mace Windy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler200812–13-45">[41]</a> He felt that this story was too difficult to understand, however.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaxter1999142-46">[42]</a> Lucas began writing a 13-page <a href="/wiki/Film_treatment" title="Film treatment">treatment</a> called The Star Wars on April 17, 1973, which had narrative parallels with Kurosawa's 1958 film <a href="/wiki/The_Hidden_Fortress" title="The Hidden Fortress">The Hidden Fortress</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaminski200850-47">[43]</a> He later explained that Star Wars is not a story about the future, but rather a "fantasy" that has more in common with the <a href="/wiki/Brothers_Grimm" title="Brothers Grimm">Brothers Grimm</a> than <a href="/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey" title="2001: A Space Odyssey">2001: A Space Odyssey</a>. He said his motivation for making the film was to give young people an "honest, wholesome fantasy life," of the kind his generation had. He hoped it would offer "the romance, the adventure, and the fun that used to be in practically every movie".<a href="#cite_note-Time77p58-48">[44]</a> While impressed with the innocence of the story and the sophistication of Lucas's fictional world, United Artists declined to fund the project. Lucas and Kurtz then presented the treatment to Universal Pictures, the studio that financed American Graffiti. Universal agreed it could be a successful venture, but had doubts about Lucas's ability to execute his vision.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaminski200863-40">[36]</a> Kurtz has claimed the studio's rejection was primarily due to Universal head Lew Wasserman's low opinion of science fiction, and the generally low popularity of the genre at the time.<a href="#cite_note-KurtzIGN3-49">[45]</a> <a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> subsequently brought the project to a <a href="/wiki/The_Directors_Company" title="The Directors Company">division</a> of <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a> he ran with fellow directors <a href="/wiki/Peter_Bogdanovich" title="Peter Bogdanovich">Peter Bogdanovich</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Friedkin" title="William Friedkin">William Friedkin</a>, but Friedkin questioned Lucas's ability to direct the film, and both directors declined to finance it.<a href="#cite_note-50">[46]</a> <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Pictures" title="Walt Disney Pictures">Walt Disney Productions</a> also turned down the project.<a href="#cite_note-51">[47]</a> Star Wars was accepted by <a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Century-Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="Twentieth Century-Fox">Twentieth Century-Fox</a> in June 1973. Studio president <a href="/wiki/Alan_Ladd_Jr." title="Alan Ladd Jr.">Alan Ladd Jr.</a> did not grasp the technical side of the project, but believed in Lucas's talent. Lucas later stated that Ladd invested in him, not in the film.<a href="#cite_note-Dreams-52">[48]</a> The Fox deal gave Lucas $150,000 to write and direct the film.<a href="#cite_note-BBCTrivia-53">[49]</a> In August, American Graffiti opened to massive success, which afforded Lucas the necessary leverage to renegotiate the deal and gain control of merchandising and sequel rights.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaminski2008The_Screenplay_Begins-44">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dreams-52">[48]</a>: 19  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Writing">Writing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Writing">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> It's the flotsam and jetsam from the period when I was twelve years old. All the books and films and comics that I liked when I was a child. The plot is simple—good against evil—and the film is designed to be all the fun things and fantasy things I remember. The word for this movie is fun. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—George Lucas, 1977<a href="#cite_note-54">[50]</a></cite></div> </div> Since commencing the writing process in January 1973, Lucas wrote four different screenplays for Star Wars, searching for "just the right ingredients, characters and storyline."<a href="#cite_note-ASCbehind1-41">[37]</a> By May 1974, he had expanded the original treatment into a full, 132-page rough draft, which included elements such as the Sith, the Death Star, and a general named Annikin Starkiller.<a href="#cite_note-Dreams-52">[48]</a>: 14 <a href="#cite_note-ArchivedScripts-55">[51]</a> He then changed Starkiller to an adolescent boy, and shifted the general—who came from a family of dwarfs—into a supporting role.<a href="#cite_note-Dreams-52">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-Characters-56">[52]</a> Lucas envisioned the <a href="/wiki/Corellia" class="mw-redirect" title="Corellia">Corellian</a> smuggler, Han Solo, as a large, green-skinned monster with gills. He based Chewbacca on his <a href="/wiki/Alaskan_Malamute" title="Alaskan Malamute">Alaskan Malamute</a> dog, Indiana, who often acted as his "co-pilot" by sitting in the passenger seat of his car. The dog's name would later be given to the character <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_(character)" title="Indiana Jones (character)">Indiana Jones</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Characters-56">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[53]</a> Lucas completed a second draft in January 1975 entitled Adventures of the Starkiller, Episode One: The Star Wars. He had made substantial simplifications and introduced the young, farm-dwelling hero as Luke Starkiller. In this draft, Luke had several brothers. Annikin became Luke's father, a wise Jedi Knight who played a minor role at the end of the story. Early versions of the characters Han Solo and Chewbacca were present, and closely resemble those seen in the finished film.<a href="#cite_note-58">[54]</a> This draft introduced a mystical energy field called "The Force," the concept of a Jedi turning to the dark side, and a historical Jedi who was the first to turn, and who subsequently trained the Sith. The script also included a Jedi Master with a son who trains to be a Jedi under his father's friend; this would ultimately form the basis for the finished film and, later, the original trilogy.<a href="#cite_note-ArchivedScripts-55">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[55]</a> This version was more a fairy tale quest than the action-filled adventure story of the previous draft, and ended with a text crawl that previewed the next story in the series. According to Lucas, the second draft was over 200 pages long, which led him to split up the story into multiple films spanning multiple trilogies.<a href="#cite_note-:5-60">[56]</a> While writing a third draft, Lucas claims to have been influenced by comics,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPollock1999141–142-61">[57]</a> <a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit" title="The Hobbit">The Hobbit</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2014a123-62">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[59]</a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Campbell" title="Joseph Campbell">Joseph Campbell</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Hero_with_a_Thousand_Faces" title="The Hero with a Thousand Faces">The Hero with a Thousand Faces</a>,<a href="#cite_note-64">[60]</a> <a href="/wiki/James_George_Frazer" title="James George Frazer">James George Frazer</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Bough" title="The Golden Bough">The Golden Bough</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2014a109,_114-65">[61]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Bettelheim" title="Bruno Bettelheim">Bruno Bettelheim</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Uses_of_Enchantment" title="The Uses of Enchantment">The Uses of Enchantment</a>. Author Michael Kaminski has objected to Lucas's claim regarding the Bettelheim book, arguing that it was not released until after Star Wars was filmed (<a href="/wiki/J._W._Rinzler" title="J. W. Rinzler">J.W. Rinzler</a> speculates that Lucas may have obtained an advance copy). Kaminski also writes that Campbell's influence on Star Wars has been exaggerated by Lucas and others, and that Lucas's second draft was "even closer to Campbell's structure" than the third.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaminski2008102–103,_204–205-66">[62]</a> Lucas has claimed he wrote a version of the screenplay that was 250–300 pages long, which outlined the plot of the entire original trilogy. Realizing it was too lengthy for a single film, he decided to spread the story over three films.<a href="#cite_note-Dreams-52">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[64]</a> This division caused problems with the first episode; Lucas had to use the ending of Return of the Jedi for Star Wars, which resulted in a Death Star being included in both films.<a href="#cite_note-69">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lucas-70">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[e]</a> In 1975, Lucas envisioned a trilogy which would end with the destruction of the Empire, and possibly a prequel about Obi-Wan as a young man. After Star Wars became tremendously successful, Lucasfilm announced that Lucas had already written twelve more Luke Skywalker stories, which, according to Kurtz, were "separate adventures" rather than traditional sequels.<a href="#cite_note-74">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaminski2008149–150-75">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaminski2008504-76">[71]</a> On February 27, 1975, Fox granted the film a budget of $5 million, which was later increased to $8.25 million.<a href="#cite_note-Dreams-52">[48]</a>: 17:30  Lucas then started writing with a budget in mind, conceiving the cheap, "used" look of much of the film, and—with Fox having just shut down its special effects department—reducing the number of complex special effects shots called for by the script.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2014a122-77">[72]</a> The finalized third draft, dated August 1, 1975, was titled The Star Wars From the Adventures of Luke Starkiller. This version had most of the elements of the final plot, with only some differences in the characters and settings. It presented Luke as an only child whose father was already dead, and who was cared for by a man named Ben Kenobi.<a href="#cite_note-ArchivedScripts-55">[51]</a> This script would be rewritten for the fourth and final draft, dated January 1, 1976, and titled The Adventures of Luke Starkiller as taken from the Journal of the Whills, Saga I: The Star Wars. Lucas's friends <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Katz" title="Gloria Katz">Gloria Katz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Willard_Huyck" title="Willard Huyck">Willard Huyck</a> helped him revise the fourth draft into the final pre-production script.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBouzereau19977-78">[73]</a> Lucas finished the screenplay in March 1976, when the crew started filming. During production, he changed Luke's surname from Starkiller to Skywalker, and changed the title first to The Star Wars, and then, finally, to Star Wars.<a href="#cite_note-Dreams-52">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-ArchivedScripts-55">[51]</a> For the film's <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_opening_crawl" title="Star Wars opening crawl">opening crawl</a>, Lucas originally wrote a composition of six paragraphs with four sentences each.<a href="#cite_note-BBCTrivia-53">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[74]</a> He showed the draft to his friend, director <a href="/wiki/Brian_De_Palma" title="Brian De Palma">Brian De Palma</a>, who called it "gibberish" that "goes on forever."<a href="#cite_note-CPCST-80">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[76]</a> De Palma and screenwriter <a href="/wiki/Jay_Cocks" title="Jay Cocks">Jay Cocks</a> helped edit the crawl into its final form, which contains only four sentences.<a href="#cite_note-CPCST-80">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Casting">Casting</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Casting">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:402px;max-width:402px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:149px;max-width:149px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:175px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Alec_Guinness_Allan_Warren_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A photograph of Alec Guinness" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Sir_Alec_Guinness_Allan_Warren_%282%29.jpg/147px-Sir_Alec_Guinness_Allan_Warren_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Sir_Alec_Guinness_Allan_Warren_%282%29.jpg/221px-Sir_Alec_Guinness_Allan_Warren_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Sir_Alec_Guinness_Allan_Warren_%282%29.jpg/294px-Sir_Alec_Guinness_Allan_Warren_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1144" data-file-height="1364" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:126px;max-width:126px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:175px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Anthony_Daniels_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A photograph of Anthony Daniels" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Anthony_Daniels_2011.jpg/124px-Anthony_Daniels_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Anthony_Daniels_2011.jpg/186px-Anthony_Daniels_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Anthony_Daniels_2011.jpg/248px-Anthony_Daniels_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="836" data-file-height="1183" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:121px;max-width:121px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:175px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Mayhew_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A photograph of Peter Mayhew" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Peter_Mayhew_2015.jpg/119px-Peter_Mayhew_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="119" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Peter_Mayhew_2015.jpg/179px-Peter_Mayhew_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Peter_Mayhew_2015.jpg/238px-Peter_Mayhew_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="790" data-file-height="1160" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Left to right: <a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> (pictured in 1973), <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Daniels" title="Anthony Daniels">Anthony Daniels</a> (2011), and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mayhew" title="Peter Mayhew">Peter Mayhew</a> (2015)</div></div></div></div> Lucas had a preference for casting unknown (or relatively unknown) actors,<a href="#cite_note-Dreams-52">[48]</a> which led him to select Hamill and Fisher for leading roles. Hamill was cast as Luke over <a href="/wiki/Robby_Benson" title="Robby Benson">Robby Benson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Englund" title="Robert Englund">Robert Englund</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Katt" title="William Katt">William Katt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Russell" title="Kurt Russell">Kurt Russell</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Martin_Smith" title="Charles Martin Smith">Charles Martin Smith</a>,<a href="#cite_note-83">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[80]</a> while Fisher was cast as Leia over <a href="/wiki/Karen_Allen" title="Karen Allen">Karen Allen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amy_Irving" title="Amy Irving">Amy Irving</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terri_Nunn" title="Terri Nunn">Terri Nunn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cindy_Williams" title="Cindy Williams">Cindy Williams</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Linda_Purl" title="Linda Purl">Linda Purl</a>.<a href="#cite_note-casting-86">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[82]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jodie_Foster" title="Jodie Foster">Jodie Foster</a> was offered the role, but turned it down because she was under contract with Disney.<a href="#cite_note-88">[83]</a> <a href="/wiki/Koo_Stark" title="Koo Stark">Koo Stark</a> was also considered for Leia, but was instead cast as Luke's friend Camie Marstrap, a character that did not make the final cut of the film.<a href="#cite_note-89">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[85]</a> Lucas initially resisted casting Ford as Han, since Ford had previously worked with Lucas on <a href="/wiki/American_Graffiti" title="American Graffiti">American Graffiti</a>, and was therefore not unknown. Instead, the director asked Ford to assist with auditions by reading lines with other actors. However, Lucas was eventually won over by Ford, and cast him as Han over many other actors who auditioned.<a href="#cite_note-98">[f]</a> Lucas recognized that he needed an established star to play Obi-Wan. He considered Cushing for the role, but decided the actor's lean features would be better employed as the villainous Tarkin.<a href="#cite_note-99">[93]</a> The film's producer, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Kurtz" title="Gary Kurtz">Gary Kurtz</a>, felt a strong <a href="/wiki/Character_actor" title="Character actor">character actor</a> was required to convey the "stability and gravitas" of Obi-Wan.<a href="#cite_note-Dreams-52">[48]</a> Before Guinness was cast, the Japanese actor <a href="/wiki/Toshiro_Mifune" title="Toshiro Mifune">Toshiro Mifune</a>—who stars in many <a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Akira Kurosawa</a> films—was considered for the role.<a href="#cite_note-casting-86">[81]</a> His daughter, Mika Kitagawa, said her father "had a lot of samurai pride" and turned down the roles of Obi-Wan and Vader because he thought Star Wars would employ cheap special effects and would therefore "cheapen the image of samurai".<a href="#cite_note-100">[94]</a> Lucas credited Guinness with inspiring the cast and crew to work harder, which contributed significantly to the completion of filming.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuinness1986214-101">[95]</a> Ford said he admired Guinness's preparation, professionalism and kindness towards the other actors. He recalled Guinness having "a very clear head about how to serve the story."<a href="#cite_note-Dreams-52">[48]</a> On top of his salary, Guinness received 2.25% of the film's backend grosses, which made him wealthy later in life.<a href="#cite_note-102">[96]</a> Daniels said he wanted the role of C-3PO after he saw a <a href="/wiki/Ralph_McQuarrie" title="Ralph McQuarrie">Ralph McQuarrie</a> concept painting of the character and was struck by the vulnerability in the droid's face.<a href="#cite_note-Dreams-52">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-Daniels-103">[97]</a> After casting Daniels for the physical performance, Lucas intended to hire another actor for the droid's voice. According to Daniels, thirty well-established actors auditioned—including <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dreyfuss" title="Richard Dreyfuss">Richard Dreyfuss</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mel_Blanc" title="Mel Blanc">Mel Blanc</a>—but Daniels received the voice role after one of the actors suggested the idea to Lucas.<a href="#cite_note-:0-104">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dreams-52">[48]</a> Baker (R2-D2) and Mayhew (Chewbacca) were cast largely due to their height. At 3 feet 8 inches (1.12 m), Baker was offered the role of the dimunitive droid immediately after meeting Lucas. He turned it down multiple times, however, before finally accepting it.<a href="#cite_note-107">[101]</a> R2-D2's beeps and squeaks were made by sound designer <a href="/wiki/Ben_Burtt" title="Ben Burtt">Ben Burtt</a> by imitating baby noises, recording his voice over an intercom, and finally mixing the sounds together using a synthesizer.<a href="#cite_note-:2-108">[102]</a> Mayhew initially auditioned for Vader, but Prowse was cast instead. However, when Lucas and Kurtz saw Mayhew's 7-foot-3-inch (2.21 m) stature, they quickly cast him as Chewbacca. Mayhew modeled his performance on the mannerisms of animals he observed in public zoos.<a href="#cite_note-Dreams-52">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mayhew-110">[104]</a> Prowse was originally offered the role of Chewbacca, but turned it down, as he wanted to play the villain.<a href="#cite_note-111">[105]</a> Prowse portrayed Vader physically, but Lucas felt his West Country English accent was inappropriate for the character, and selected James Earl Jones for Vader's voice.<a href="#cite_note-Lucas-70">[66]</a> Lucas considered <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> for the voice role, but was concerned his voice would be too familiar to audiences. Jones was uncredited until 1983.<a href="#cite_note-Dreams-52">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lucas-70">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[106]</a> However, upon the film's release, audiences and critics immediately recognized Jones' voice as Darth Vader.<a href="#cite_note-Variety1977-113">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[109]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Design">Design</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Design">edit</a>]</div> During <a href="/wiki/Pre-production" title="Pre-production">pre-production</a>, Lucas recruited several conceptual designers: <a href="/wiki/Colin_Cantwell" title="Colin Cantwell">Colin Cantwell</a>, who visualized the initial spacecraft models; Alex Tavoularis, who created <a href="/wiki/Storyboard" title="Storyboard">storyboard</a> sketches from early scripts; and Ralph McQuarrie, who created conceptual images of characters, costumes, props, and scenery.<a href="#cite_note-ASCbehind1-41">[37]</a> McQuarrie's paintings helped the studio visualize the film, which positively influenced their decision to fund the project.<a href="#cite_note-116">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[111]</a> His artwork also set the visual tone for Star Wars and the rest of the original trilogy.<a href="#cite_note-ASCbehind1-41">[37]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> The trouble with the future in most futurist movies is that it always looks new and clean and shiny ... What is required for true credibility is a used future. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—George Lucas on the aesthetic of Star Wars<a href="#cite_note-ASCbehind2-118">[112]</a></cite></div> </div> Lucas wanted to create props and sets (based on McQuarrie's paintings) that had never before been used in science-fiction films. He hired as production designers <a href="/wiki/John_Barry_(set_designer)" title="John Barry (set designer)">John Barry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roger_Christian_(filmmaker)" title="Roger Christian (filmmaker)">Roger Christian</a>, who were then working on the film <a href="/wiki/Lucky_Lady" title="Lucky Lady">Lucky Lady</a> (1975). Christian remembers that Lucas did not want anything in Star Wars to stand out, and "wanted it [to look] all real and used." In this "used future" aesthetic, all devices, ships, and buildings related to Tatooine and the Rebels look aged and dirty, and the Rebel ships look cobbled together in contrast to the Empire's sleeker designs.<a href="#cite_note-Legacy-119">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[114]</a> Lucas believed this aesthetic would lend credibility to the film's fictional places, and Christian was enthusiastic about this approach.<a href="#cite_note-ASCbehind2-118">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-EsquireRC-121">[115]</a> Barry and Christian started working with Lucas before Star Wars was funded by Fox. For several months, in a studio in <a href="/wiki/Kensal_Green" title="Kensal Green">Kensal Rise</a>, England, they planned the creation of props and sets with very little money. According to Christian, the Millennium Falcon set was the most difficult to build. He wanted the interior of the ship to look like a submarine, and used inexpensive airplane scrap metal to achieve the desired effect.<a href="#cite_note-EsquireRC-121">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-DOFRC-122">[116]</a> Set construction later moved to <a href="/wiki/Elstree_Studios_(Shenley_Road)" title="Elstree Studios (Shenley Road)">Elstree Studios</a>, where Barry created thirty sets. All nine <a href="/wiki/Sound_stage" title="Sound stage">sound stages</a> at Elstree were needed to house the fabricated planets, starships, caves, control rooms, cantinas, and Death Star corridors. The Rebel hangar was so massive it had to be built at nearby <a href="/wiki/Shepperton_Studios" title="Shepperton Studios">Shepperton Studios</a>, which contained Europe's largest sound stage at the time.<a href="#cite_note-ASCbehind2-118">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filming">Filming</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Filming">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_filming_locations" title="List of Star Wars filming locations">List of Star Wars filming locations</a></div> In 1975, Lucas founded the visual effects company <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Light_%26_Magic" title="Industrial Light & Magic">Industrial Light & Magic</a> (ILM) after discovering that Fox's visual effects department had been shut down. ILM began its work on Star Wars in a warehouse in <a href="/wiki/Van_Nuys" title="Van Nuys">Van Nuys</a>, California. Most of the visual effects used pioneering digital <a href="/wiki/Motion_control_photography" title="Motion control photography">motion control photography</a> developed by <a href="/wiki/John_Dykstra" title="John Dykstra">John Dykstra</a> and his team, which created the illusion of size by employing small models and slowly moving cameras. The technology is now known as the Dykstraflex system.<a href="#cite_note-Dreams-52">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[119]</a> Visually, Lucas wanted Star Wars to have the "ethereal quality" of a fairy tale, but also "an alien look." He hoped to achieve "the seeming contradiction of [the] strange graphics of fantasy combined with the feel of a documentary."<a href="#cite_note-ASCbehind2-118">[112]</a> His first choice for cinematographer was <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Unsworth" title="Geoffrey Unsworth">Geoffrey Unsworth</a>, who had worked on 2001: A Space Odyssey. Unsworth initially accepted the job, but eventually withdrew to work on the <a href="/wiki/Vincente_Minnelli" title="Vincente Minnelli">Vincente Minnelli</a>-directed <a href="/wiki/A_Matter_of_Time_(film)" title="A Matter of Time (film)">A Matter of Time</a> (1976).<a href="#cite_note-KurtzIGN3-49">[45]</a> Unsworth was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Taylor" title="Gilbert Taylor">Gilbert Taylor</a>, who had overseen photography for <a href="/wiki/Dr._Strangelove" title="Dr. Strangelove">Dr. Strangelove</a> and <a href="/wiki/A_Hard_Day%27s_Night_(film)" title="A Hard Day's Night (film)">A Hard Day's Night</a> (both 1964). Lucas admired Taylor's work on both films, describing them as "eccentrically photographed pictures with a strong documentary flavor."<a href="#cite_note-ASCbehind2-118">[112]</a> Once photography was under way, Lucas and Taylor had many disputes.<a href="#cite_note-KurtzIGN3-49">[45]</a> Lucas's lighting suggestions were rejected by Taylor, who believed Lucas was overstepping his boundaries by giving specific instructions, sometimes even moving lights and cameras himself. After Fox executives complained about the soft-focus visual style of the film, Taylor changed his approach, which infuriated Lucas.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPollock1999161–162-126">[120]</a> Kurtz said that Lucas's inability to delegate tasks resulted from his history directing low-budget films, which required him to be involved with all aspects of the production.<a href="#cite_note-KurtzIGN3-49">[45]</a> Taylor claims that Lucas avoided contact with him, which motivated the cinematographer to make his own decisions about how to shoot the film.<a href="#cite_note-127">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-Taylor3-128">[122]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hotel-sididriss.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Hotel-sididriss.jpg/220px-Hotel-sididriss.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Hotel-sididriss.jpg/330px-Hotel-sididriss.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Hotel-sididriss.jpg/440px-Hotel-sididriss.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Hotel Sidi Driss, the underground building used as Luke's Tatooine home</figcaption></figure> Originally, Lucas envisioned Tatooine as a jungle planet, and Kurtz traveled to the Philippines to scout locations. However, the thought of spending months filming in the jungle made Lucas uncomfortable, so he made Tatooine a desert planet instead.<a href="#cite_note-Time77p58-48">[44]</a> Kurtz then researched various desert locales around the globe. He ultimately decided that Southern Tunisia, on the edge of the <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara</a>, would make an ideal Tatooine. Principal photography began in <a href="/wiki/Chott_el_Djerid" title="Chott el Djerid">Chott el Djerid</a> on March 22, 1976. Meanwhile, a construction crew in nearby <a href="/wiki/Tozeur" title="Tozeur">Tozeur</a> spent eight weeks creating additional Tatooine locations.<a href="#cite_note-ASCbehind2-118">[112]</a> The scenes of Luke's Tatooine home were filmed at the Hotel Sidi Driss, in <a href="/wiki/Matmata,_Tunisia" title="Matmata, Tunisia">Matmata</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ASCbehind3-129">[123]</a> Additional Tatooine scenes were shot at <a href="/wiki/Death_Valley" title="Death Valley">Death Valley</a> in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-130">[124]</a> The filmmakers experienced many problems in Tunisia. Production fell behind schedule in the first week due to malfunctioning props and electronic breakdowns.<a href="#cite_note-Dreams-52">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHearn2005102-131">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-Heritage-132">[126]</a> The radio-controlled R2-D2 models functioned poorly.<a href="#cite_note-Time77p58-48">[44]</a> The left leg of Anthony Daniels's C-3PO costume shattered, injuring his foot.<a href="#cite_note-133">[127]</a> A rare winter rainstorm struck the country, which further disrupted filming.<a href="#cite_note-Taylor4-134">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-ASCbehind4-135">[129]</a> After two and a half weeks in Tunisia, production moved to Elstree Studios in London for interior scenes.<a href="#cite_note-ASCbehind3-129">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-Heritage-132">[126]</a> Kurtz has described Lucas as a shy "loner" who does not enjoy working with a large cast and crew. According to Carrie Fisher, he gave very little direction to the actors, and when he did, it usually consisted of the words "faster" and "more intense".<a href="#cite_note-Dreams-52">[48]</a> Laws in Britain stipulated that filming had to finish by 5:30 pm, unless Lucas was in the middle of a shot, in which case he could ask the crew to stay an extra 15 minutes.<a href="#cite_note-BBCTrivia-53">[49]</a> However, his requests were usually turned down. Most of the British crew considered Star Wars a children's film, and the actors sometimes did not take the project seriously. Kenny Baker later confessed that he thought the film would be a failure.<a href="#cite_note-Dreams-52">[48]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tikal_Temple1_2006_08_11.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Tikal_Temple1_2006_08_11.JPG/220px-Tikal_Temple1_2006_08_11.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Tikal_Temple1_2006_08_11.JPG/330px-Tikal_Temple1_2006_08_11.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Tikal_Temple1_2006_08_11.JPG/440px-Tikal_Temple1_2006_08_11.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Scenes of the Rebel base on Yavin 4 were filmed in Tikal, Guatemala</figcaption></figure> According to Taylor, it was impossible to light the Elstree sets in the conventional way. He was forced to break open the walls, ceilings and floors, placing <a href="/wiki/Halogen_lamp" title="Halogen lamp">quartz lamps</a> inside the openings he created. This lighting system gave Lucas the ability to shoot in almost any direction without extensive relighting.<a href="#cite_note-Taylor4-134">[128]</a> In total, filming in Britain took fourteen and a half weeks.<a href="#cite_note-ASCbehind3-129">[123]</a> While visiting an English travel agency, Lucas saw a poster depicting <a href="/wiki/Tikal" title="Tikal">Tikal</a>, Guatemala, and decided to use the location for the moon <a href="/wiki/Yavin_4" title="Yavin 4">Yavin 4</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[130]</a> The scenes of the Rebel base on Yavin were filmed in the local <a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Mayan</a> temples. The animation of the Death Star plans shown at the base were created by computer programmer <a href="/wiki/Larry_Cuba" title="Larry Cuba">Larry Cuba</a>, using the <a href="/wiki/GRASS_programming_language" class="mw-redirect" title="GRASS programming language">GRASS programming language</a>. It is the only digital computer animation utilized in the original version of Star Wars.<a href="#cite_note-137">[131]</a> The visual simulation of Yavin 4 orbiting its mother planet was created on the <a href="/wiki/Scanimate" title="Scanimate">Scanimate</a> analog computer. All the other computer monitors and targeting displays in the film featured simulated computer graphics, which were generated using pre-digital animation methods, such as hand-drawn backlight animation.<a href="#cite_note-138">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[133]</a> Although Obi-Wan did not die in the final version of the script, Alec Guinness disliked the character's dialogue and said he begged Lucas to kill him off.<a href="#cite_note-140">[134]</a> Lucas, however, claimed he added Obi-Wan's death because the character served no purpose after his duel with Vader.<a href="#cite_note-141">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[136]</a> At Fox, Alan Ladd endured scrutiny from board members over the film's complex screenplay and rising budget.<a href="#cite_note-Dreams-52">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-Heritage-132">[126]</a> After the filmmakers requested more than the original $8 million budget, Kurtz said the executives "got a bit scared." According to Kurtz, the filmmaking team spent two weeks drafting a new budget.<a href="#cite_note-KurtzIGN3-49">[45]</a> With the project behind schedule, Ladd told Lucas he had to finish production within a week or it would be shut down. The crew split into three units, led by Lucas, Kurtz, and production supervisor <a href="/wiki/Robert_Watts" title="Robert Watts">Robert Watts</a>. Under the new system, they met the studio's deadline.<a href="#cite_note-Dreams-52">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-Heritage-132">[126]</a> The screenplay originally featured a human Jabba the Hutt, but the character was removed due to budget and time constraints.<a href="#cite_note-:2-108">[102]</a> The idea of Jabba being an alien did not arise until work began on the 1979 Star Wars re-release.<a href="#cite_note-143">[137]</a> Lucas would later claim he had wanted to superimpose a <a href="/wiki/Stop-motion" class="mw-redirect" title="Stop-motion">stop-motion</a> creature over a human actor; he accomplished a similar effect with <a href="/wiki/Computer-generated_imagery" title="Computer-generated imagery">computer-generated imagery</a> (CGI) <a href="/wiki/Changes_in_Star_Wars_re-releases#Jabba_the_Hutt" title="Changes in Star Wars re-releases">in the 1997 Special Edition</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHearn2005109-144">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2008256-145">[139]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Greedo" class="mw-redirect" title="Greedo">Greedo</a> actor <a href="/wiki/Paul_Blake_(actor,_born_1949)" title="Paul Blake (actor, born 1949)">Paul Blake</a>, his character was created as a result of Lucas having to cut the Jabba scene.<a href="#cite_note-146">[140]</a> During production, the cast attempted to make Lucas laugh or smile, as he often appeared depressed. At one point, the project became so demanding that Lucas was diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Hypertension" title="Hypertension">hypertension</a> and exhaustion and was warned to reduce his stress level.<a href="#cite_note-Dreams-52">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-Heritage-132">[126]</a> <a href="/wiki/Post-production" title="Post-production">Post-production</a> was equally stressful due to increasing pressure from the studio. Another obstacle arose when Hamill's face became visibly scarred after a car accident, which restricted re-shoots featuring Luke.<a href="#cite_note-Heritage-132">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-production">Post-production</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Post-production">edit</a>]</div> Star Wars was originally slated for release on December 25, 1976, but production delays pushed it back to mid-1977.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2014a161-162-147">[141]</a> Editor <a href="/wiki/John_Jympson" title="John Jympson">John Jympson</a> began cutting the film while Lucas was still filming in Tunisia; as Lucas noted, the editor was in an "impossible position" because Lucas had not explained any of the film's material to him. When Lucas viewed Jympson's <a href="/wiki/Rough_cut" title="Rough cut">rough cut</a>, he felt the editor's selection of takes was questionable.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2008194-148">[142]</a> He felt Jympson did not fully understand the film nor Lucas's style of filmmaking, and he continued to disapprove of Jympson's editing as time went by.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2008213-149">[143]</a> Halfway through production, Lucas fired Jympson and replaced him with <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hirsch_(film_editor)" title="Paul Hirsch (film editor)">Paul Hirsch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Chew" title="Richard Chew">Richard Chew</a>, and his then-wife, <a href="/wiki/Marcia_Lucas" title="Marcia Lucas">Marcia Lucas</a>. The new editing team felt Jympson's cut lacked excitement, and they sought to inject more dynamism into the film.<a href="#cite_note-Dreams-52">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[144]</a> Jympson's rough cut of Star Wars (often called the "Lost Cut") differed significantly from the final version. Author David West Reynolds describes Jympson's version as "more leisurely paced", and estimates that it contained 30–40% different footage from the final cut. Although most of the differences relate to extended scenes or alternate takes, there were also scenes which were completely removed to accelerate the pace of the narrative.<a href="#cite_note-Lost_Cut-151">[145]</a> The most notable of these were a series from Tatooine, when Luke is first introduced. Set in the city of Anchorhead, the scenes depicted Luke's everyday life among his friends, and showed how their lives are affected by the space battle above the planet. These scenes also introduced Biggs Darklighter, Luke's closest friend who leaves to join the Rebellion.<a href="#cite_note-Taraldsvik-152">[146]</a> Hirsch said the scenes were removed because they presented too much information in the first few minutes of the film, and they created too many storylines for the audience to follow.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2008255-153">[147]</a> The removal of the Anchorhead scenes also helped distinguish Star Wars from Lucas's previous film; Alan Ladd called the deleted scenes "American Graffiti in outer space".<a href="#cite_note-Taraldsvik-152">[146]</a> Lucas also wanted to shift the narrative focus to C-3PO and R2-D2 at the beginning of the film. He explained that having "the first half hour of the film be mainly about robots was a bold idea."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHearn2005106-154">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrooker200918-155">[149]</a> Meanwhile, ILM was struggling to achieve unprecedented special effects. The company had spent half its budget on four shots that Lucas deemed unacceptable.<a href="#cite_note-Heritage-132">[126]</a> With hundreds of shots remaining, ILM was forced to finish a year's work in six months. To inspire the visual effects team, Lucas spliced together clips of aerial <a href="/wiki/Dogfight" title="Dogfight">dogfights</a> from old war films. These kinetic segments helped the team understand his vision for scenes in Star Wars.<a href="#cite_note-Dreams-52">[48]</a> Sound designer Ben Burtt had created a library of sounds that Lucas referred to as an "organic soundtrack". Blaster sounds were created by modifying the noise of a steel cable being struck while under tension. Lightsaber sound effects were a combination of the hum of movie projector motors and interference caused by a television set on a shieldless microphone. Burtt discovered the latter accidentally while searching for a buzzing, sparking sound to add to the projector-motor hum.<a href="#cite_note-156">[150]</a> For Chewbacca's speech, Burtt combined the sounds of four bears, a badger, a lion, a seal, and a walrus.<a href="#cite_note-157">[151]</a> Burtt achieved Vader's breathing noise by breathing through the mask of a scuba regulator; this process inspired the idea of Vader being a burn victim.<a href="#cite_note-silicon-158">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[153]</a> In February 1977, Lucas screened an early cut of the film for Fox executives, several director friends, and <a href="/wiki/Roy_Thomas" title="Roy Thomas">Roy Thomas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Howard_Chaykin" title="Howard Chaykin">Howard Chaykin</a> of <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Comics" title="Marvel Comics">Marvel Comics</a>, who were preparing a <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(1977_comic_book)" title="Star Wars (1977 comic book)">Star Wars comic book</a>. The cut had a different crawl from the finished version and used Prowse's voice for Vader. It also lacked most special effects; hand-drawn arrows took the place of blaster beams, and footage of World War II dogfights replaced space battles between TIE fighters and the Millennium Falcon.<a href="#cite_note-thomas20070601-160">[154]</a> Several of Lucas's friends failed to understand the film, and their reactions disappointed Lucas. <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> enjoyed it, however, and believed the lack of enthusiasm from others was due to the absence of finished special effects. In contrast, Ladd and the other studio executives loved the film; production executive <a href="/wiki/Gareth_Wigan" title="Gareth Wigan">Gareth Wigan</a> described the experience as the "most extraordinary day of [his] life." Lucas, who was accustomed to negative reactions from executives, found the experience shocking and rewarding.<a href="#cite_note-Dreams-52">[48]</a> Ladd reluctantly agreed to release an extra $50,000 in funding.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2014a174-161">[155]</a> The unit also completed additional studio footage for the Mos Eisley cantina sequence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2014a155,_167-162">[156]</a> Star Wars was completed less than a week before its May 25, 1977, release date. With all of the film's elements coming together just in time, Lucas described the work as not so much finished, but "abandoned".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2008319-163">[157]</a> Star Wars began production with a budget of $8 million; the total budget eventually reached $11 million.<a href="#cite_note-TheNumbers-164">[158]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Soundtrack">Soundtrack</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Soundtrack">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(soundtrack)" title="Star Wars (soundtrack)">Star Wars (soundtrack)</a></div> Lucas initially planned to use pre-existing music for Star Wars, rather than an original score. Since the film portrayed alien worlds, he believed recognizable music was needed to create a sense of familiarity. He hired <a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a> as a music consultant, and showed him a collection of orchestral pieces he intended to use for the soundtrack.<a href="#cite_note-165">[159]</a> After Williams convinced Lucas that an original score would be preferable, Lucas tasked him with creating it. A few of the composer's finished pieces were influenced by Lucas's initial orchestral selections. The "Main Title Theme" was inspired by the theme from the 1942 film <a href="/wiki/Kings_Row" title="Kings Row">Kings Row</a> (scored by <a href="/wiki/Erich_Wolfgang_Korngold" title="Erich Wolfgang Korngold">Erich Wolfgang Korngold</a>), and the "Dune Sea of Tatooine" was influenced by the music of <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_Thieves" title="Bicycle Thieves">Bicycle Thieves</a> (scored by <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Cicognini" title="Alessandro Cicognini">Alessandro Cicognini</a>). Lucas later denied he ever considered using pre-existing music for the film.<a href="#cite_note-166">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-167">[161]</a> Over a period of 12 days in March 1977, Williams and the <a href="/wiki/London_Symphony_Orchestra" title="London Symphony Orchestra">London Symphony Orchestra</a> recorded the Star Wars score.<a href="#cite_note-Dreams-52">[48]</a> The soundtrack was released as a double LP in 1977 by <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox_Records" title="20th Century Fox Records">20th Century Fox Records</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:22-168">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[163]</a> That year, the label also released <a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_Star_Wars" title="The Story of Star Wars">The Story of Star Wars</a>, an audio drama adaptation of the film utilizing some of its music, dialogue, and sound effects.<a href="#cite_note-:1-170">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-171">[165]</a> In 2005, the <a href="/wiki/American_Film_Institute" title="American Film Institute">American Film Institute</a> chose the Star Wars soundtrack as the best film score of all time.<a href="#cite_note-AFIscore-172">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cinematic_and_literary_allusions">Cinematic and literary allusions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Cinematic and literary allusions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_sources_and_analogues" title="Star Wars sources and analogues">Star Wars sources and analogues</a></div>Before creating Star Wars, Lucas had hoped to make a Flash Gordon film, but was unable to obtain the rights. Star Wars features many elements ostensibly derived from Flash Gordon, such as the conflict between rebels and imperial forces; the fusion of mythology and futuristic technology; the <a href="/wiki/Wipe_(transition)" title="Wipe (transition)">wipe transitions</a> between scenes; and the text crawl at the beginning of the film.<a href="#cite_note-InspirationsLucas-173">[167]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] Lucas also reportedly drew from Joseph Campbell's book The Hero with a Thousand Faces and Akira Kurosawa's 1958 film The Hidden Fortress.<a href="#cite_note-FlashG-42">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-InspirationsLucas-173">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-Insp2-174">[168]</a> Robey has also suggested that the Mos Eisley cantina brawl was influenced by Kurosawa's <a href="/wiki/Yojimbo_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yojimbo (film)">Yojimbo</a> (1961), and that the scene in which Luke and his friends hide in the floor of the Millenium Falcon was derived from that film's sequel, <a href="/wiki/Sanjuro" title="Sanjuro">Sanjuro</a> (1962).<a href="#cite_note-InspirationsLucas-173">[167]</a> Star Wars has been compared to <a href="/wiki/Frank_Herbert" title="Frank Herbert">Frank Herbert</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Dune_(novel)" title="Dune (novel)">Dune</a> book series in multiple ways.<a href="#cite_note-FlashG-42">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2014a105-175">[169]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] Both have desert planets: Star Wars has Tatooine, while Dune has <a href="/wiki/Arrakis" title="Arrakis">Arrakis</a>, which is the source of a <a href="/wiki/Melange_(fictional_drug)" title="Melange (fictional drug)">longevity spice</a>. Star Wars, meanwhile, makes references to spice mines and a spice freighter. <a href="/wiki/Jedi_mind_trick" class="mw-redirect" title="Jedi mind trick">Jedi mind tricks</a> in Star Wars have been compared to "The Voice", a controlling ability used by the <a href="/wiki/Bene_Gesserit" title="Bene Gesserit">Bene Gesserit</a> in Herbert's novels. Luke's Uncle Owen and Aunt Beru are moisture farmers; on Arrakis, dew collectors are used by <a href="/wiki/Fremen" title="Fremen">Fremen</a> to collect and recycle small amounts of water.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-176">[170]</a> Herbert reported that <a href="/wiki/David_Lynch" title="David Lynch">David Lynch</a>, director of the 1984 film <a href="/wiki/Dune_(1984_film)" title="Dune (1984 film)">Dune</a>, "had trouble with the fact that Star Wars used up so much of Dune." Herbert and Lynch found "sixteen points of identity" between the two universes, and argued that these similarities could not be a coincidence.<a href="#cite_note-177">[171]</a> Writing for Starwars.com in 2013, <a href="/wiki/Bryan_Young_(filmmaker)" title="Bryan Young (filmmaker)">Bryan Young</a> noted many similarities between Lucas's space opera and the World War II film <a href="/wiki/The_Dam_Busters_(film)" title="The Dam Busters (film)">The Dam Busters</a> (1955). In Star Wars, Rebel ships assault the Death Star by diving into a trench and attempting to fire torpedoes into a small exhaust port; in Dam Busters, British bombers fly along heavily defended reservoirs and aim <a href="/wiki/Bouncing_bomb" title="Bouncing bomb">bouncing bombs</a> at dams to cripple the heavy industry of Germany (also, Star Wars cinematographer Gilbert Taylor filmed the special effects sequences in Dam Busters).<a href="#cite_note-178">[172]</a> Lucas used clips from both Dam Busters and 633 Squadron to illustrate his vision for dogfights in Star Wars.<a href="#cite_note-AF1977-179">[173]</a> Journalist and blogger Martin Belam has pointed out similarities between the Death Star's docking bay and the docking bay on the space station in 2001.<a href="#cite_note-180">[174]</a> In 2014, Young observed a number of parallels between Lucas's space opera and <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Lang" title="Fritz Lang">Fritz Lang</a>'s 1927 film <a href="/wiki/Metropolis_(1927_film)" title="Metropolis (1927 film)">Metropolis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-181">[175]</a> Star Wars has also been compared to <a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(1939_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)">The Wizard of Oz</a> (1939).<a href="#cite_note-:0-104">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marketing">Marketing</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Marketing">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_wars_1977_us.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Star_wars_1977_us.svg/220px-Star_wars_1977_us.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Star_wars_1977_us.svg/330px-Star_wars_1977_us.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Star_wars_1977_us.svg/440px-Star_wars_1977_us.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="153" /></a><figcaption>Rendition of Dan Perri's original Star Wars logotype</figcaption></figure> While the film was in production, a logo was commissioned from <a href="/wiki/Dan_Perri" title="Dan Perri">Dan Perri</a>, a title sequence designer who had worked on <a href="/wiki/The_Exorcist_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Exorcist (film)">The Exorcist</a> (1973) and <a href="/wiki/Taxi_Driver" title="Taxi Driver">Taxi Driver</a> (1976). Perri created a <a href="/wiki/Logo" title="Logo">logotype</a> consisting of block-capital letters filled with stars and leaning towards a vanishing point. The graphic was designed to follow the same perspective as the opening text crawl. Ultimately, Perri's logo was not used for the film's opening title sequence, although it was used widely in pre-release print advertising and on cinema <a href="/wiki/Marquee_(sign)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquee (sign)">marquees</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2014aChapter_11-182">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[177]</a> The logotype eventually selected for on-screen use originated in a promotional brochure that was distributed by Fox to cinema owners in 1976. The brochure was designed by <a href="/wiki/Suzy_Rice" title="Suzy Rice">Suzy Rice</a>, a young art director at the Los Angeles advertising agency Seiniger Advertising. On a visit to ILM in Van Nuys, Rice was instructed by Lucas to produce a "very <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascist</a>" logo that would intimidate the viewer. Rice employed an outlined and modified <a href="/wiki/Helvetica" title="Helvetica">Helvetica</a> Black typeface in her initial version. After some feedback from Lucas, Rice joined the S and T of STAR and the R and S of WARS. Kurtz was impressed with Rice's composition and selected it over Perri's design for the film's opening titles, after flattening the pointed tips of the letter W. The Star Wars logo became one of the most recognizable designs in cinema, though Rice was not credited in the film.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2014aChapter_11-182">[176]</a> For the film's US release, Fox commissioned a promotional poster from the advertising agency Smolen, Smith and Connolly. The agency contracted the freelance artist <a href="/wiki/Tom_Jung" title="Tom Jung">Tom Jung</a>, and gave him the phrase "good over evil" as a starting point. His poster, known as <a href="/wiki/File:StarWarsMoviePoster1977.jpg" title="File:StarWarsMoviePoster1977.jpg">Style 'A'</a>, depicts Luke standing in a heroic pose, brandishing a shining lightsaber above his head. Leia is slightly below him, and a large image of Vader's helmet looms behind them. Some Fox executives considered this poster "too dark" and commissioned the <a href="/wiki/Brothers_Hildebrandt" title="Brothers Hildebrandt">Brothers Hildebrandt</a>, a pair of well-known fantasy artists, to modify it for the UK release. When Star Wars opened in British theaters, the Hildebrandts' <a href="/wiki/File:Bros_Hildebrandt_Star_Wars_quad_poster.jpg" title="File:Bros Hildebrandt Star Wars quad poster.jpg">Style 'B'</a> poster was used on cinema billboards. Fox and Lucasfilm later decided to promote the film with a less stylized and more realistic depiction of the lead characters, and commissioned a new design from <a href="/wiki/Tom_Chantrell" title="Tom Chantrell">Tom Chantrell</a>. Two months after Star Wars opened, the Hildebrandts' poster was replaced by Chantrell's <a href="/wiki/File:Tom_Chantrell_Star_Wars_quad_poster_1977.jpg" title="File:Tom Chantrell Star Wars quad poster 1977.jpg">Style 'C'</a> version in UK cinemas.<a href="#cite_note-188">[g]</a> Fox gave Star Wars little marketing support beyond licensed T-shirts and posters. The film's marketing director, <a href="/wiki/Charley_Lippincott" title="Charley Lippincott">Charley Lippincott</a>, had to look elsewhere for promotional opportunities. He secured deals with Marvel Comics for a comic book adaptation and with <a href="/wiki/Del_Rey_Books" title="Del Rey Books">Del Rey Books</a> for a novelization. A fan of science fiction, Lippincott used his contacts to promote the film at San Diego Comic-Con and elsewhere within the science-fiction community.<a href="#cite_note-Dreams-52">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-KurtzIGN3-49">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Release">Release</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Release">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="MPAA_rating">MPAA rating</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: MPAA rating">edit</a>]</div> When Star Wars was submitted to the <a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_Association" title="Motion Picture Association">Motion Picture Association of America</a>'s rating board, the votes for the rating were evenly split between G and PG. In an unusual move, Fox requested the stricter PG rating, in part because it believed the film was too scary for young children, but also because it feared teenagers would perceive the G rating as "uncool". Lucasfilm marketer Charley Lippincott supported Fox's position after witnessing a five-year-old at the film's preview become upset by a scene in which Darth Vader chokes a Rebel captain. Although the board initially opted for the G rating, it reneged after Fox's request and applied the PG rating.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2008315–316-189">[182]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_public_screening">First public screening</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: First public screening">edit</a>]</div> On May 1, 1977, the first public screening of Star Wars was held at <a href="/wiki/Northpoint_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Northpoint Theatre">Northpoint Theatre</a> in San Francisco,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2008314-190">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-cinematreasures/5426-191">[184]</a> where <a href="/wiki/American_Graffiti" title="American Graffiti">American Graffiti</a> had been test-screened four years earlier.<a href="#cite_note-kcbsradio/before-anyone-else-192">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Premiere_and_initial_release">Premiere and initial release</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Premiere and initial release">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_queue_outside_Leicester_Square_Theatre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/The_queue_outside_Leicester_Square_Theatre.jpg/220px-The_queue_outside_Leicester_Square_Theatre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/The_queue_outside_Leicester_Square_Theatre.jpg/330px-The_queue_outside_Leicester_Square_Theatre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/The_queue_outside_Leicester_Square_Theatre.jpg/440px-The_queue_outside_Leicester_Square_Theatre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="410" /></a><figcaption>A crowd outside Leicester Square Theatre in London, the day after the film's UK premiere</figcaption></figure> Lucas wanted the film released in May, on the <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Day" title="Memorial Day">Memorial Day</a> weekend. According to Fox executive Gareth Wigan, "Nobody had ever opened a summer film before school was out." Lucas, however, hoped the school-term release would build word-of-mouth publicity among children.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2008310-194">[187]</a> Fox ultimately decided on a release date of May 25, the Wednesday before the holiday weekend. Very few theaters, however, wanted to show Star Wars. To encourage exhibitors to purchase the film, Fox packaged it with <a href="/wiki/The_Other_Side_of_Midnight_(film)" title="The Other Side of Midnight (film)">The Other Side of Midnight</a>, a film based on a bestselling book. If a theater wanted to show Midnight, it was required to show Star Wars as well.<a href="#cite_note-Dreams-52">[48]</a> Lucas's film debuted on Wednesday, May 25, 1977, in 32 theaters. Another theater was added on Thursday, and ten more began showing the film on Friday.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2008319-163">[157]</a> On Wednesday, Lucas was so absorbed in work—approving advertising campaigns and mixing sound for the film's wider-release version—that he forgot the film was opening that day.<a href="#cite_note-Biskind-195">[188]</a> His first glimpse of its success occurred that evening, when he and Marcia went out for dinner on <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Boulevard" title="Hollywood Boulevard">Hollywood Boulevard</a>. Across the street, crowds were lining up outside <a href="/wiki/Grauman%27s_Chinese_Theatre" title="Grauman's Chinese Theatre">Mann's Chinese Theatre</a>, waiting to see Star Wars.<a href="#cite_note-Heritage-132">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2008319–320-196">[189]</a> Two weeks after its release, Lucas's film was replaced by William Friedkin's <a href="/wiki/Sorcerer_(film)" title="Sorcerer (film)">Sorcerer</a> at Mann's because of contractual obligations. The theater owner moved Star Wars to a less-prestigious location after quickly renovating it.<a href="#cite_note-197">[190]</a> After Sorcerer failed to meet expectations, Lucas's film was given a second opening at Mann's on August 3. Thousands of people attended a ceremony in which C-3PO, R2-D2 and Darth Vader placed their footprints in the theater's forecourt.<a href="#cite_note-coate20040921-198">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dreams-52">[48]</a> By this time, Star Wars was playing in 1,096 theaters in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-199">[192]</a> Approximately 60 theaters played the film continuously for over a year. In May 1978, Lucasfilm distributed "Birthday Cake" posters to those theaters for special events on the one-year anniversary of the film's release.<a href="#cite_note-200">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-BirthdayPoster-201">[194]</a> Star Wars premiered in the UK on December 27, 1977. News reports of the film's popularity in America caused long lines to form at the two London theaters that first offered the film; it became available in 12 large cities in January 1978, and additional London theaters in February.<a href="#cite_note-202">[195]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> On opening day I ... did a radio call-in show ... this caller, was really enthusiastic and talking about the movie in really deep detail. I said, "You know a lot about the film." He said, "Yeah, yeah, I've seen it four times already." </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Gary Kurtz, on when he realized Star Wars had become a cultural phenomenon<a href="#cite_note-203">[196]</a></cite></div> </div> The film immediately broke box office records.<a href="#cite_note-coate20040921-198">[191]</a> Three weeks after it opened, Fox's stock price had doubled to a record high. Prior to 1977, the studio's highest annual profit was $37 million. In 1977, it posted a profit of $79 million.<a href="#cite_note-Dreams-52">[48]</a> Lucas had instantly become very wealthy. His friend, director Francis Ford Coppola, sent a telegram to his hotel asking for money to finish his film <a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_Now" title="Apocalypse Now">Apocalypse Now</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Biskind-195">[188]</a> Cast members became instant household names, and even technical crew members, such as model makers, were asked for autographs.<a href="#cite_note-Dreams-52">[48]</a> When Harrison Ford visited a record store to buy an album, enthusiastic fans tore half his shirt off.<a href="#cite_note-Biskind-195">[188]</a> Lucas had been certain Spielberg's <a href="/wiki/Close_Encounters_of_the_Third_Kind" title="Close Encounters of the Third Kind">Close Encounters of the Third Kind</a> would outperform his space opera at the box office. Before Star Wars opened, Lucas proposed to Spielberg that they trade 2.5% of the profit on each other's films. Spielberg accepted, believing Lucas's film would be the bigger hit. Spielberg still receives 2.5% of the profits from Star Wars.<a href="#cite_note-204">[197]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Box_office">Box office</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Box office">edit</a>]</div> Star Wars remains one of the most financially successful films of all time. It earned over $2.5 million in its first six days ($12.9 million in 2023 dollars).<a href="#cite_note-205">[198]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>'s weekly box office charts, it was <a href="/wiki/List_of_1977_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1977 box office number-one films in the United States">number one at the US box office</a> for its first three weeks. It was dethroned by <a href="/wiki/The_Deep_(1977_film)" title="The Deep (1977 film)">The Deep</a>, but gradually added screens and returned to number one in its seventh week, building up to $7-million weekends as it entered wide release ($35.2 million in 2023 dollars) and remained number one for the next 15 weeks.<a href="#cite_note-BOM-3">[3]</a> It replaced Jaws as the highest-earning film in North America just six months into release,<a href="#cite_note-206">[199]</a> eventually grossing over $220 million during its initial theatrical run ($1.11 billion in 2023 dollars).<a href="#cite_note-207">[200]</a> Star Wars entered international release towards the end of the year, and in 1978 added the worldwide record to its domestic one,<a href="#cite_note-208">[201]</a> earning $314.4 million in total.<a href="#cite_note-BOM-3">[3]</a> Its biggest international market was Japan, where it grossed $58.4 million.<a href="#cite_note-japan-209">[202]</a> On July 21, 1978, while still showing in 38 theaters in the US, the film expanded into a 1,744 theater national saturation windup of release and set a new U.S. weekend record of $10,202,726.<a href="#cite_note-210">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[205]</a> The gross prior to the expansion was $221,280,994. The expansion added a further $43,774,911 to take its gross to $265,055,905. Reissues in 1979 ($22,455,262), 1981 ($17,247,363), and 1982 ($17,981,612) brought its cumulative gross in the U.S. and Canada to $323 million,<a href="#cite_note-213">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[207]</a> and extended its global earnings to $530 million.<a href="#cite_note-215">[208]</a> In doing so, it became the first film to gross $500 million worldwide,<a href="#cite_note-216">[209]</a> and remained the <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films" title="List of highest-grossing films">highest-grossing film of all time</a> until <a href="/wiki/E.T._the_Extra-Terrestrial" title="E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial">E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial</a> broke that record in 1983.<a href="#cite_note-Dirks_(2010)-217">[210]</a> The release of the Special Edition in 1997 was the highest-grossing reissue of all-time with a gross of $138.3 million, bringing its total gross in the United States and Canada to $460,998,007, reclaiming the all-time number one spot.<a href="#cite_note-218">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-BOM-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[213]</a> Internationally, the reissue grossed $117.2 million, with $26 million from the United Kingdom and $15 million from Japan.<a href="#cite_note-japan-209">[202]</a> In total, the film has grossed over $775 million worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-BOM-3">[3]</a> Adjusted for inflation, it had earned over $2.5 billion worldwide at 2011 prices,<a href="#cite_note-221">[214]</a> which saw it ranked as the third-highest-grossing film at the time, according to <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a>.<a href="#cite_note-222">[215]</a> At the North American box office, it ranks second behind <a href="/wiki/Gone_with_the_Wind_(film)" title="Gone with the Wind (film)">Gone with the Wind</a> on the <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films_in_Canada_and_the_United_States#Adjusted_for_ticket-price_inflation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of highest-grossing films in Canada and the United States">inflation-adjusted list</a>.<a href="#cite_note-223">[216]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Reception">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Critical_response">Critical response</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Critical response">edit</a>]</div> Star Wars received many positive reviews upon its release. <a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Roger Ebert</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Sun-Times" title="Chicago Sun-Times">Chicago Sun-Times</a> called the film "an out-of-body experience".<a href="#cite_note-Ebert-224">[217]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Canby" title="Vincent Canby">Vincent Canby</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> described it as "the most elaborate ... most beautiful movie serial ever made".<a href="#cite_note-225">[218]</a> A. D. Murphy of Variety called the film "magnificent" and said Lucas had succeeded in his attempt to create the "biggest possible adventure fantasy" based on the serials and action epics of his childhood.<a href="#cite_note-Variety1977-113">[107]</a> Writing for <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>, Gary Arnold gave the film a positive review, calling it "a new classic in a rousing movie tradition: a space swashbuckler."<a href="#cite_note-226">[219]</a> Star Wars was not without its detractors, however. <a href="/wiki/Pauline_Kael" title="Pauline Kael">Pauline Kael</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a> said "there's no breather in the picture, no lyricism", and no "emotional grip".<a href="#cite_note-227">[220]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Simon_(critic)" title="John Simon (critic)">John Simon</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York</a> magazine also panned the film, writing, "Strip Star Wars of its often striking images and its highfalutin scientific jargon, and you get a story, characters, and dialogue of overwhelming banality."<a href="#cite_note-NYMag1-228">[221]</a> In the UK, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Norman" title="Barry Norman">Barry Norman</a> of <a href="/wiki/Film..._(TV_programme)" title="Film... (TV programme)">Film...</a> called the movie "family entertainment at its most sublime", which combines "all the best-loved themes of romantic adventure".<a href="#cite_note-norman19771120-229">[222]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>'s science correspondent <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Berry,_4th_Viscount_Camrose" title="Adrian Berry, 4th Viscount Camrose">Adrian Berry</a> said that Star Wars "is the best such film since 2001 and in certain respects it is one of the most exciting ever made". He described the plot as "unpretentious and pleasantly devoid of any 'message'".<a href="#cite_note-230">[223]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gene_Siskel" title="Gene Siskel">Gene Siskel</a>, writing for the Chicago Tribune, said, "What places it a sizable cut above the routine is its spectacular visual effects, the best since Stanley Kubrick's 2001."<a href="#cite_note-231">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-232">[225]</a> Andrew Collins of <a href="/wiki/Empire_(magazine)" title="Empire (magazine)">Empire magazine</a> awarded the film five out of five and said, "Star Wars' timeless appeal lies in its easily identified, universal archetypes—goodies to root for, baddies to boo, a princess to be rescued and so on—and if it is most obviously dated to the 70s by the special effects, so be it."<a href="#cite_note-233">[226]</a> In his 1977 review, Robert Hatch of <a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a> called the film "an outrageously successful, what will be called a 'classic,' compilation of nonsense, largely derived but thoroughly reconditioned. I doubt that anyone will ever match it, though the imitations must already be on the drawing boards."<a href="#cite_note-234">[227]</a> In a more critical review, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Rosenbaum" title="Jonathan Rosenbaum">Jonathan Rosenbaum</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Reader" title="Chicago Reader">Chicago Reader</a> stated, "None of these characters has any depth, and they're all treated like the fanciful props and settings."<a href="#cite_note-235">[228]</a> Peter Keough of the <a href="/wiki/The_Phoenix_(newspaper)" title="The Phoenix (newspaper)">Boston Phoenix</a> said, "Star Wars is a junkyard of cinematic gimcracks not unlike the Jawas' heap of purloined, discarded, barely functioning droids."<a href="#cite_note-236">[229]</a> In a 1978 appearance on <a href="/wiki/The_Tonight_Show_Starring_Johnny_Carson" title="The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson">The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson</a>, scientist <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sagan" title="Carl Sagan">Carl Sagan</a> called attention to the overwhelming whiteness of the human characters in the film.<a href="#cite_note-237">[230]</a> Actor <a href="/wiki/Raymond_St._Jacques" title="Raymond St. Jacques">Raymond St. Jacques</a> echoed Sagan's complaint, writing that "the terrifying realization ... [is] that black people (or any ethnic minority for that matter) shall not exist in the galactic space empires of the future."<a href="#cite_note-238">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[h]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[i]</a> Writing in the African-American newspaper <a href="/wiki/New_Journal_and_Guide" title="New Journal and Guide">New Journal and Guide</a>, Walter Bremond claimed that due to his black garb and his being voiced by a black actor, the villainous Vader reinforces a stereotype that "black is evil".<a href="#cite_note-alife-242">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[238]</a> The film continues to receive critical acclaim from contemporary critics. On the <a href="/wiki/Review_aggregator" title="Review aggregator">review aggregator</a> website <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a>, 93% of 137 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 8.8/10. The website's consensus reads: "A legendarily expansive and ambitious start to the sci-fi saga, George Lucas opened our eyes to the possibilities of blockbuster filmmaking and things have never been the same."<a href="#cite_note-248">[239]</a> <a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a>, which uses a <a href="/wiki/Weighted_arithmetic_mean" title="Weighted arithmetic mean">weighted average</a>, assigned the film a score of 90 out of 100, based on 24 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".<a href="#cite_note-249">[240]</a> In his 1997 review of the film's 20th-anniversary release, Michael Wilmington of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a> gave the film four out of four stars, calling it "[a] grandiose and violent epic with a simple and whimsical heart".<a href="#cite_note-250">[241]</a> A <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a> staff member described the film as "a thrilling experience".<a href="#cite_note-251">[242]</a> In 2001 Matt Ford of the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> awarded the film five out of five stars and wrote, "Star Wars isn't the best film ever made, but it is universally loved."<a href="#cite_note-252">[243]</a> <a href="/wiki/CinemaScore" title="CinemaScore">CinemaScore</a> reported that audiences for the film's 1999 re-release gave the film a "A+" grade.<a href="#cite_note-253">[244]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accolades">Accolades</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Accolades">edit</a>]</div> Star Wars won many awards after its release, including six <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a>, two <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFTA Awards">BAFTA Awards</a>, one <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award">Golden Globe Award</a>, three <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Awards" title="Grammy Awards">Grammy Awards</a>, one <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Hugo Award</a>, and thirteen <a href="/wiki/Saturn_Awards" title="Saturn Awards">Saturn Awards</a>. Additionally, the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences">Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</a> gave a Special Achievement Academy Award to Ben Burtt, and granted a Scientific and Engineering Award to John Dykstra, Alvah J. Miller, and Jerry Jeffress for the development of the <a href="/wiki/Dykstraflex" title="Dykstraflex">Dykstraflex</a> camera system.<a href="#cite_note-254">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[246]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" border="1"> <tbody><tr> <th>Organization </th> <th>Category </th> <th>Nominee </th> <th>Result </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="12"><a href="/wiki/50th_Academy_Awards" title="50th Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a><a href="#cite_note-Oscars1978-256">[247]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Best Picture</a> </td> <td>Gary Kurtz </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Academy Award for Best Director">Best Director</a> </td> <td>George Lucas </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor">Best Supporting Actor</a> </td> <td>Alec Guinness </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Screenplay" title="Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay">Best Original Screenplay</a> </td> <td>George Lucas </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Production_Design" title="Academy Award for Best Production Design">Best Art Direction</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Barry_(set_designer)" title="John Barry (set designer)">John Barry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norman_Reynolds" title="Norman Reynolds">Norman Reynolds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Dilley" title="Leslie Dilley">Leslie Dilley</a> and Roger Christian </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design" title="Academy Award for Best Costume Design">Best Costume Design</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Mollo" title="John Mollo">John Mollo</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Film_Editing" title="Academy Award for Best Film Editing">Best Film Editing</a> </td> <td>Paul Hirsch, Marcia Lucas and Richard Chew </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Score" title="Academy Award for Best Original Score">Best Original Score</a> </td> <td>John Williams </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Sound" title="Academy Award for Best Sound">Best Sound</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Don_MacDougall" title="Don MacDougall">Don MacDougall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ray_West" title="Ray West">Ray West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Minkler" title="Bob Minkler">Bob Minkler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Derek_Ball" title="Derek Ball">Derek Ball</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Visual_Effects" title="Academy Award for Best Visual Effects">Best Visual Effects</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Stears" title="John Stears">John Stears</a>, John Dykstra, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Edlund" title="Richard Edlund">Richard Edlund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grant_McCune" title="Grant McCune">Grant McCune</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Blalack" title="Robert Blalack">Robert Blalack</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Special_Achievement_Academy_Award" title="Special Achievement Academy Award">Special Achievement Academy Award</a> </td> <td>Ben Burtt </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Scientific_and_Technical_Award" title="Academy Scientific and Technical Award">Scientific and Engineering Award</a> </td> <td>John Dykstra, Alvah J. Miller and Jerry Jeffress </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Music_Awards_of_1978" title="American Music Awards of 1978">American Music Awards</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Music_Award_for_Favorite_Pop/Rock_Album" title="American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Album">Favorite Pop/Rock Album</a> </td> <td>John Williams </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/32nd_British_Academy_Film_Awards" title="32nd British Academy Film Awards">BAFTA Awards</a><a href="#cite_note-BAFTA-257">[248]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Film" title="BAFTA Award for Best Film">Best Film</a> </td> <td>Gary Kurtz </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design" title="BAFTA Award for Best Costume Design">Best Costume Design</a> </td> <td>John Mollo </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Editing" title="BAFTA Award for Best Editing">Best Editing</a> </td> <td>Paul Hirsch, Marcia Lucas and Richard Chew </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Original_Music" title="BAFTA Award for Best Original Music">Best Original Music</a> </td> <td>John Williams </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Production_Design" title="BAFTA Award for Best Production Design">Best Production Design</a> </td> <td>John Barry </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Sound" title="BAFTA Award for Best Sound">Best Sound</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sam_Shaw_(sound_editor)" title="Sam Shaw (sound editor)">Sam Shaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Rutledge" title="Robert Rutledge">Robert Rutledge</a>, Gordon Davidson, Gene Corso, Derek Ball, Don MacDougall, Bob Minkler, Ray West, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Minkler" title="Michael Minkler">Michael Minkler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Les_Fresholtz" title="Les Fresholtz">Les Fresholtz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Portman" title="Richard Portman">Richard Portman</a> and Ben Burtt </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/30th_Directors_Guild_of_America_Awards" title="30th Directors Guild of America Awards">Directors Guild of America Awards</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Directors_Guild_of_America_Award_for_Outstanding_Directing_%E2%80%93_Feature_Film" title="Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – Feature Film">Outstanding Directing – Feature Film</a> </td> <td>George Lucas </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/35th_Golden_Globe_Awards" title="35th Golden Globe Awards">Golden Globe Awards</a><a href="#cite_note-GGA35-258">[249]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Motion_Picture_%E2%80%93_Drama" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama">Best Motion Picture – Drama</a> </td> <td>Gary Kurtz </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Director">Best Director</a> </td> <td>George Lucas </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor_%E2%80%93_Motion_Picture" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture">Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture</a> </td> <td>Alec Guinness </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Original_Score" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score">Best Original Score</a> </td> <td>John Williams </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/20th_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="20th Annual Grammy Awards">Grammy Awards</a><a href="#cite_note-259">[250]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Instrumental_Composition" title="Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition">Best Instrumental Composition</a> </td> <td>John Williams </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Score_Soundtrack_Album_for_a_Motion_Picture,_Television_or_Other_Visual_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media">Best Original Score Written for a Motion Picture or a Television Special</a> </td> <td>John Williams </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Pop_Instrumental_Performance" title="Grammy Award for Best Pop Instrumental Performance">Best Pop Instrumental Performance</a> </td> <td>John Williams </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Hugo Awards</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[251]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Dramatic_Presentation" title="Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation">Best Dramatic Presentation</a> </td> <td>George Lucas </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="17"><a href="/wiki/5th_Saturn_Awards" title="5th Saturn Awards">Saturn Awards</a><a href="#cite_note-PastSA-261">[252]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Film" title="Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film">Best Science Fiction Film</a> </td> <td>Gary Kurtz </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Saturn Award for Best Director">Best Director</a> </td> <td>George Lucas </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Saturn Award for Best Actor">Best Actor</a> </td> <td>Harrison Ford </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mark Hamill </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Saturn Award for Best Actress">Best Actress</a> </td> <td>Carrie Fisher </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor" title="Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor">Best Supporting Actor</a> </td> <td>Alec Guinness </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td>Peter Cushing </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Writing" title="Saturn Award for Best Writing">Best Writing</a> </td> <td>George Lucas </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design" title="Saturn Award for Best Costume Design">Best Costume Design</a> </td> <td>John Mollo </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Make-up" title="Saturn Award for Best Make-up">Best Make-up</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rick_Baker" title="Rick Baker">Rick Baker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Freeborn" title="Stuart Freeborn">Stuart Freeborn</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Music" title="Saturn Award for Best Music">Best Music</a> </td> <td>John Williams </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Special_Effects" title="Saturn Award for Best Special Effects">Best Special Effects</a> </td> <td>John Dykstra and John Stears </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td>Best Art Direction </td> <td>Norman Reynolds and Leslie Dilley </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td>Best Cinematography </td> <td>Gilbert Taylor </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td>Best Editing </td> <td>Paul Hirsch, Marcia Lucas and Richard Chew </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td>Best Set Decoration </td> <td>Roger Christian </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td>Best Sound </td> <td>Ben Burtt and Don MacDougall </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/30th_Writers_Guild_of_America_Awards" title="30th Writers Guild of America Awards">Writers Guild of America Awards</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America_Award_for_Best_Original_Screenplay" title="Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay">Best Original Screenplay</a> </td> <td>George Lucas </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr></tbody></table> In its May 30, 1977, issue, <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> named Star Wars the "Movie of the Year". The publication said it was a "big early supporter" of the vision which would become Star Wars. In an article intended for the cover of the issue, Time's <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Clarke_(author)" title="Gerald Clarke (author)">Gerald Clarke</a> wrote that Star Wars is "a grand and glorious film that may well be the smash hit of 1977, and certainly is the best movie of the year so far. The result is a remarkable confection: a subliminal history of the movies, wrapped in a riveting tale of suspense and adventure, ornamented with some of the most ingenious special effects ever contrived for film." Each of the subsequent films of the Star Wars saga has appeared on the magazine's cover.<a href="#cite_note-262">[253]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ; color: #202122;background-color: #F0EAD6;"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="color: #202122;background-color: #F0EAD6;"><a href="/wiki/AFI_100_Years..._series" title="AFI 100 Years... series">AFI 100 Years... series</a></div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Movies" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies">AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies</a> (1998) – #15<a href="#cite_note-AFImovies-263">[254]</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Thrills" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills">AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills</a> (2001) – #27<a href="#cite_note-AFIthrills-264">[255]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Heroes_%26_Villains" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains">AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains</a> (2003): <ul><li>Han Solo – #14 Hero<a href="#cite_note-AFIhandv-265">[256]</a></li> <li>Obi-Wan Kenobi – #37 Hero<a href="#cite_note-AFIhandv-265">[256]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Movie_Quotes" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes">AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes</a> (2004): <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/May_the_Force_be_with_you" class="mw-redirect" title="May the Force be with you">May the Force be with you</a>." – #8<a href="#cite_note-AFIquote-266">[257]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years_of_Film_Scores" title="AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores">AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores</a> (2005) – #1<a href="#cite_note-AFIscore-172">[166]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Cheers" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers">AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers</a> (2006) – #39<a href="#cite_note-AFIcheers-267">[258]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Movies_(10th_Anniversary_Edition)" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)">AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)</a> (2007) – #13<a href="#cite_note-AFI10thedition-268">[259]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_10_Top_10" title="AFI's 10 Top 10">AFI's 10 Top 10</a> (2008) – #2 Sci-Fi Film<a href="#cite_note-AFItop10-269">[260]</a></li></ul> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="right-aligned" style="">American Film Institute<a href="#cite_note-afi-lists-270">[261]</a></cite></div> </div> Star Wars was voted the second most popular film by Americans in a 2008 nationwide poll conducted by the market research firm <a href="/wiki/Harris_Insights_%26_Analytics" class="mw-redirect" title="Harris Insights & Analytics">Harris Interactive</a>.<a href="#cite_note-271">[262]</a> It has also been featured in several high-profile audience polls: In 1997, it ranked as the 10th Greatest American Film on the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Daily_News" title="Los Angeles Daily News">Los Angeles Daily News</a> Readers' Poll;<a href="#cite_note-272">[263]</a> in 2002, Star Wars and its sequel The Empire Strikes Back were voted the greatest films ever made in <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a>'s 100 Greatest Films poll;<a href="#cite_note-F4or-273">[264]</a> in 2011, it ranked as Best Sci-Fi Film on Best in Film: The Greatest Movies of Our Time, a primetime special aired by <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> that ranked the best films as chosen by fans, based on results of a poll conducted by ABC and <a href="/wiki/People_(magazine)" title="People (magazine)">People magazine</a>; and in 2014, the film placed 11th in a poll undertaken by <a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a>, which balloted every studio, agency, publicity firm, and production house in the Hollywood region.<a href="#cite_note-274">[265]</a> In 2008, Empire magazine ranked Star Wars at 22nd on its list of the "500 Greatest Movies of All Time". In 2010, the film ranked among the "All-Time 100" list of the greatest films as chosen by Time film critic <a href="/wiki/Richard_Schickel" title="Richard Schickel">Richard Schickel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-275">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-276">[267]</a> Lucas's screenplay was selected by the Writers Guild of America as the 68th greatest of all time.<a href="#cite_note-277">[268]</a> In 1989, the United States Library of Congress named Star Wars among its first selections to the <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Registry" title="National Film Registry">National Film Registry</a> as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant"; at the time, it was the most recent film to be selected and it was the only film from the 1970s to be chosen.<a href="#cite_note-NFR-Titles-278">[269]</a> Although Lucas declined to provide the Library with a workable copy of the original film upon request (instead offering the Special Edition), a viewable scan was made of the original copyright deposit print.<a href="#cite_note-Andrews-NFR-279">[270]</a><a href="#cite_note-mashable.com-280">[271]</a> In 1991, Star Wars was one of the first 25 films inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Producers_Guild_of_America" title="Producers Guild of America">Producers Guild of America</a>'s Hall of Fame for setting "an enduring standard for American entertainment."<a href="#cite_note-pga-hall-fame-281">[272]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(soundtrack)" title="Star Wars (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a> was added to the United States <a href="/wiki/National_Recording_Registry" title="National Recording Registry">National Recording Registry</a> 15 years later (in 2004).<a href="#cite_note-282">[273]</a> The lack of a commercially available version of the 1977 original theatrical edit of the film since early '80s VHS releases has spawned numerous <a href="/wiki/Fan_edit" title="Fan edit">restorations</a> by disgruntled fans over the years, such as <a href="/wiki/Harmy%27s_Despecialized_Edition" title="Harmy's Despecialized Edition">Harmy's Despecialized Edition</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hosie-283">[274]</a> In addition to the film's multiple awards and nominations, Star Wars has also been recognized by the American Film Institute on several of its lists. The film ranks first on 100 Years of Film Scores,<a href="#cite_note-AFIscore-172">[166]</a> second on <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_10_Top_10" title="AFI's 10 Top 10">Top 10 Sci-Fi Films</a>,<a href="#cite_note-AFItop10-269">[260]</a> 15th on <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Movies" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies">100 Years ... 100 Movies</a><a href="#cite_note-AFImovies-263">[254]</a> (ranked 13th on <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Movies_(10th_Anniversary_Edition)" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)">the updated 10th-anniversary edition</a>),<a href="#cite_note-AFI10thedition-268">[259]</a> 27th on <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Thrills" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills">100 Years ... 100 Thrills</a>,<a href="#cite_note-AFIthrills-264">[255]</a> and 39th on <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Cheers" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers">100 Years ... 100 Cheers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AFIcheers-267">[258]</a> In addition, the quote "May the Force be with you" is ranked eighth on <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Movie_Quotes" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes">100 Years ... 100 Movie Quotes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-AFIquote-266">[257]</a> and Han Solo and Obi-Wan Kenobi are ranked as the 14th and 37th greatest heroes respectively on <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Heroes_%26_Villains" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains">100 Years ... 100 Heroes & Villains</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AFIhandv-265">[256]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-release">Post-release</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Post-release">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatrical_re-releases">Theatrical re-releases</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Theatrical re-releases">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Changes_in_Star_Wars_re-releases" title="Changes in Star Wars re-releases">Changes in Star Wars re-releases</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Opening_crawl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0c/Opening_crawl.jpg/170px-Opening_crawl.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0c/Opening_crawl.jpg/255px-Opening_crawl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/0c/Opening_crawl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="281" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption>The film's opening features the Star Wars logotype. The 1981 theatrical re-release added Episode IV and A New Hope to the start of the text crawl.</figcaption></figure> Star Wars was re-released theatrically in 1978, 1979, 1981, and 1982.<a href="#cite_note-284">[275]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Subtitle_(titling)" title="Subtitle (titling)">subtitles</a> Episode IV and A New Hope were added for the 1981 re-release.<a href="#cite_note-Lucasfilmname-285">[276]</a><a href="#cite_note-286">[277]</a><a href="#cite_note-287">[j]</a> The subtitles brought the film into line with its 1980 sequel, which was released as Star Wars: Episode V—The Empire Strikes Back.<a href="#cite_note-inverse-288">[278]</a> Lucas claims the subtitles were intended from the beginning, but were dropped for Star Wars to avoid confusing audiences.<a href="#cite_note-289">[279]</a> Kurtz said they considered calling the first film Episode III, IV, or V.<a href="#cite_note-290">[280]</a> Hamill claims that Lucas's motivation for starting with Episode IV was to give the audience "a feeling that they'd missed something". Another reason Lucas began with Episodes IV–VI, according to Hamill, was because they were the most "commercial" sections of the larger overarching story.<a href="#cite_note-291">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaminski2008504-76">[71]</a> Michael Kaminski, however, points out that multiple early screenplay drafts of Star Wars carried an "Episode One" subtitle, and that early drafts of Empire were called "Episode II".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaminski2008504-76">[71]</a> In 1997, Star Wars was digitally remastered with some altered scenes for a theatrical re-release, dubbed the "Special Edition". In 2010, Lucas announced that all six previously released Star Wars films would be scanned and transferred to <a href="/wiki/3D_film" title="3D film">3D</a> for a theatrical release, but only 3D versions of the prequel trilogy were completed before the franchise was sold to Disney in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-292">[282]</a> In 2013, Star Wars was dubbed into <a href="/wiki/Navajo_language" title="Navajo language">Navajo</a>, making it the first major motion picture dubbed into the Navajo language.<a href="#cite_note-293">[283]</a><a href="#cite_note-294">[284]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Special_Edition">Special Edition</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Special Edition">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_Wars_(1997_re-release_poster).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0a/Star_Wars_%281997_re-release_poster%29.jpg/170px-Star_Wars_%281997_re-release_poster%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/0a/Star_Wars_%281997_re-release_poster%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="368" /></a><figcaption>The theatrical release poster for the 1997 Special Edition</figcaption></figure> After ILM began to create CGI for Steven Spielberg's 1993 film <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(film)" title="Jurassic Park (film)">Jurassic Park</a>, Lucas decided that digital technology had caught up to his "original vision" for Star Wars.<a href="#cite_note-Dreams-52">[48]</a> For the film's 20th anniversary in 1997, Star Wars was digitally remastered with some altered scenes and re-released to theaters, along with The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi, under the campaign title Star Wars Trilogy: Special Edition. This version of Star Wars runs 124 minutes. The Special Edition contains visual shots and scenes that were unachievable in the original film due to financial, technological, and time constraints.<a href="#cite_note-Dreams-52">[48]</a> The process of creating the new visual effects was explored in the documentary <a href="/wiki/Special_Effects:_Anything_Can_Happen" title="Special Effects: Anything Can Happen">Special Effects: Anything Can Happen</a>, directed by Star Wars sound designer Ben Burtt.<a href="#cite_note-295">[285]</a> Although most changes are minor or cosmetic in nature, many fans and critics believe that Lucas degraded the film with the additions.<a href="#cite_note-Changes-296">[286]</a><a href="#cite_note-Restoring_Star_Wars-297">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-Doesn't_Want_You-298">[288]</a> A particularly controversial change in which a bounty hunter named Greedo shoots first when confronting Han Solo has inspired T-shirts bearing the phrase "<a href="/wiki/Han_shot_first" title="Han shot first">Han shot first</a>".<a href="#cite_note-HSF-299">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-300">[290]</a> Star Wars required extensive recovery of misplaced footage and restoration of the whole film before Lucas's Special Edition modifications could be attempted. In addition to the negative film stock commonly used for feature films, Lucas had also used Color Reversal <a href="/wiki/Internegative" title="Internegative">Internegative</a> (CRI) film, a reversal stock subsequently discontinued by Kodak. Although it theoretically was of higher quality, CRI deteriorated faster than negative stocks. Because of this, the entire composited negative had to be disassembled, and the CRI portions cleaned separately from the negative portions. Once the cleaning was complete, the film was scanned into the computer for restoration. In many cases, entire scenes had to be reconstructed from their individual elements. Digital compositing technology allowed the restoration team to correct for problems such as misalignment of mattes and "blue-spill".<a href="#cite_note-301">[291]</a> In 1989, the 1977 theatrical version of Star Wars was selected for preservation by the National Film Registry of the United States <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NFR-Titles-278">[269]</a> 35 mm reels of the 1997 Special Edition were initially presented for preservation because of the difficulty of transferring from the original prints, but it was later revealed that the Library possessed a copyright deposit print of the original theatrical release.<a href="#cite_note-Andrews-NFR-279">[270]</a> By 2015, this copy had been transferred to a <a href="/wiki/2K_resolution" title="2K resolution">2K</a> scan, now available to be viewed by appointment.<a href="#cite_note-mashable.com-280">[271]</a> Shortly after the release of <a href="/wiki/Rogue_One:_A_Star_Wars_Story" class="mw-redirect" title="Rogue One: A Star Wars Story">Rogue One: A Star Wars Story</a>, director <a href="/wiki/Gareth_Edwards_(director)" title="Gareth Edwards (director)">Gareth Edwards</a> claimed he viewed a 4K restoration of the original theatrical version of Star Wars, created by Disney. The company has never confirmed its existence, however.<a href="#cite_note-302">[292]</a><a href="#cite_note-303">[293]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Home_media">Home media</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Home media">edit</a>]</div> In the United States, France, West Germany, Italy and Japan, parts of or the whole film were released on <a href="/wiki/Super_8_film" title="Super 8 film">Super 8</a>.<a href="#cite_note-304">[294]</a> Clips were also released for the Movie Viewer toy projector by <a href="/wiki/Kenner_Products" title="Kenner Products">Kenner Products</a> in cassettes featuring short scenes.<a href="#cite_note-305">[295]</a><a href="#cite_note-306">[296]</a> Star Wars was released on <a href="/wiki/Betamax" title="Betamax">Betamax</a>,<a href="#cite_note-307">[297]</a> <a href="/wiki/Capacitance_Electronic_Disc" title="Capacitance Electronic Disc">CED</a>,<a href="#cite_note-308">[298]</a> <a href="/wiki/LaserDisc" title="LaserDisc">LaserDisc</a>,<a href="#cite_note-309">[299]</a> <a href="/wiki/Video_2000" title="Video 2000">Video 2000</a>, and <a href="/wiki/VHS" title="VHS">VHS</a><a href="#cite_note-310">[300]</a><a href="#cite_note-311">[301]</a> during the 1980s and 1990s by <a href="/wiki/CBS/Fox_Video" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS/Fox Video">CBS/Fox Video</a>. The final issue of the original theatrical release (pre-Special Edition) on VHS occurred in 1995, as part of a "Last Chance to Own the Original" campaign, and was available as part of a trilogy set or as a standalone purchase.<a href="#cite_note-312">[302]</a> The film was released for the first time on <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a> on September 21, 2004, in a box set with The Empire Strikes Back, Return of the Jedi, and a bonus disc of supplementary material. The films were digitally restored and remastered, and more changes were made by Lucas (in addition to those made for the 1997 Special Edition). The DVD features a <a href="/wiki/Audio_commentary" title="Audio commentary">commentary track</a> from Lucas, Fisher, Burtt and visual effects artist Dennis Muren. The bonus disc contains the documentary <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Dreams:_The_Story_of_the_Star_Wars_Trilogy" title="Empire of Dreams: The Story of the Star Wars Trilogy">Empire of Dreams: The Story of the Star Wars Trilogy</a>, three featurettes, teaser and theatrical trailers, TV spots, image galleries, an exclusive preview of <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_III_%E2%80%93_Revenge_of_the_Sith" title="Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith">Episode III: Revenge of the Sith</a>, a playable <a href="/wiki/Xbox_(console)" title="Xbox (console)">Xbox</a> demo of the <a href="/wiki/LucasArts" class="mw-redirect" title="LucasArts">LucasArts</a> game <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Battlefront" title="Star Wars: Battlefront">Star Wars: Battlefront</a>, and a making-of documentary about <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_III_%E2%80%93_Revenge_of_the_Sith_(video_game)" title="Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (video game)">the Episode III video game</a>.<a href="#cite_note-313">[303]</a> The set was reissued in December 2005 as a three-disc limited edition without the bonus disc.<a href="#cite_note-314">[304]</a> The trilogy was re-released on separate two-disc limited edition DVD sets from September 12 to December 31, 2006, and again in a limited edition box set on November 4, 2008;<a href="#cite_note-315">[305]</a> the original theatrical versions of the films were added as bonus material. The release was met with criticism because the unaltered versions were from the 1993 non-<a href="/wiki/Anamorphic_format" title="Anamorphic format">anamorphic</a> LaserDisc masters, and were not re-transferred using modern video standards. This led to problems with colors and digital image jarring.<a href="#cite_note-316">[306]</a> All six existing Star Wars films were released by <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox_Home_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox Home Entertainment">20th Century Fox Home Entertainment</a> on <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a> on September 16, 2011, in three different editions. A New Hope was available in both a box set of the original trilogy<a href="#cite_note-317">[307]</a><a href="#cite_note-318">[308]</a> and with the other five films in the set Star Wars: The Complete Saga, which includes nine discs and over 40 hours of special features.<a href="#cite_note-319">[309]</a> The original theatrical versions of the films were not included in the box set. New changes were made to the films, provoking mixed responses.<a href="#cite_note-320">[310]</a> On April 7, 2015, <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Studios_(division)" title="Walt Disney Studios (division)">Walt Disney Studios</a>, Twentieth Century Fox, and Lucasfilm jointly announced the digital releases of the six existing Star Wars films. Fox released A New Hope for digital download on April 10, 2015, while Disney released the other five films.<a href="#cite_note-DisneyFY13-321">[311]</a><a href="#cite_note-322">[312]</a> Disney reissued A New Hope on Blu-ray, DVD, and for digital download on September 22, 2019.<a href="#cite_note-323">[313]</a> Additionally, all six films were available for <a href="/wiki/4K_resolution" title="4K resolution">4K</a> <a href="/wiki/High-dynamic-range_video" class="mw-redirect" title="High-dynamic-range video">HDR</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dolby_Atmos" title="Dolby Atmos">Dolby Atmos</a> streaming on <a href="/wiki/Disney%2B" title="Disney+">Disney+</a> upon the service's launch on November 12, 2019.<a href="#cite_note-324">[314]</a> This version of A New Hope was also released by Disney in a <a href="/wiki/4K_Ultra_HD_Blu-ray" class="mw-redirect" title="4K Ultra HD Blu-ray">4K Ultra HD Blu-ray</a> box set on March 31, 2020.<a href="#cite_note-SkywalkerSagaBoxSet-325">[315]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Merchandising">Merchandising</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Merchandising">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Kenner_Star_Wars_action_figures" title="Kenner Star Wars action figures">Kenner Star Wars action figures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_From_the_Adventures_of_Luke_Skywalker" title="Star Wars: From the Adventures of Luke Skywalker">Star Wars: From the Adventures of Luke Skywalker</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_comics" title="Star Wars comics">Star Wars comics</a></div> Little Star Wars merchandise was available for several months after the film's debut, as only Kenner Products had accepted marketing director Charles Lippincott's licensing offers. Kenner responded to the sudden demand for toys by selling boxed vouchers in its "empty box" Christmas campaign. Television commercials told children and parents that vouchers contained in a "Star Wars Early Bird Certificate Package" could be redeemed for four action figures between February and June 1978.<a href="#cite_note-Dreams-52">[48]</a> Jay West of the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> said that the boxes in the campaign "became the most coveted empty box[es] in the history of retail."<a href="#cite_note-326">[316]</a> In 2012, the Star Wars action figures were inducted into the <a href="/wiki/National_Toy_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Toy Hall of Fame">National Toy Hall of Fame</a>.<a href="#cite_note-327">[317]</a> The novelization of the film was published as <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_From_the_Adventures_of_Luke_Skywalker" title="Star Wars: From the Adventures of Luke Skywalker">Star Wars: From the Adventures of Luke Skywalker</a> in December 1976, six months before the film was released. The credited author was George Lucas, but the book was revealed to have been <a href="/wiki/Ghostwriter" title="Ghostwriter">ghostwritten</a> by <a href="/wiki/Alan_Dean_Foster" title="Alan Dean Foster">Alan Dean Foster</a>. Marketing director Charles Lippincott secured the deal with Del Rey Books to publish the novelization in November 1976. By February 1977, a half million copies had been sold.<a href="#cite_note-Dreams-52">[48]</a> Foster also wrote the sequel novel <a href="/wiki/Splinter_of_the_Mind%27s_Eye" title="Splinter of the Mind's Eye">Splinter of the Mind's Eye</a> (1978) to be adapted as a low-budget film if Star Wars was not a financial success.<a href="#cite_note-328">[318]</a> Marvel Comics also adapted the film as the first six issues of its licensed Star Wars comic book, with the first issue sold in April 1977. The comic was written by Roy Thomas and illustrated by Howard Chaykin. Like the novelization, it contained certain elements, such as the scene with Luke and Biggs, that appeared in the screenplay but not in the finished film.<a href="#cite_note-thomas20070601-160">[154]</a> The series was so successful that, according to comic book writer <a href="/wiki/Jim_Shooter" title="Jim Shooter">Jim Shooter</a>, it "single-handedly saved Marvel".<a href="#cite_note-thomas20001006-329">[319]</a> From January to April 1997, <a href="/wiki/Dark_Horse_Comics" title="Dark Horse Comics">Dark Horse Comics</a>, which had held the comic rights to Star Wars since 1991, published a comic book adaptation of the "Special Edition" of the film, written by Bruce Jones with art by Eduardo Barreto and Al Williamson; 36 years later, the same company published The Star Wars, an adaptation of the plot from Lucas's original rough draft screenplay, from September 2013 to May 2014.<a href="#cite_note-330">[320]</a> Lucasfilm adapted the story for a children's <a href="/wiki/Book-and-record_set" title="Book-and-record set">book-and-record set</a>. Released in 1979, the 24-page Star Wars read-along book was accompanied by a <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>33+1⁄3 rpm 7-inch <a href="/wiki/Phonograph_record" title="Phonograph record">phonograph record</a>. Each page of the book contained a cropped <a href="/wiki/Film_frame" title="Film frame">frame</a> from the movie with an abridged and condensed version of the story. The record was produced by <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Records" title="Walt Disney Records">Buena Vista Records</a>, and its content was copyrighted by Black Falcon, Ltd., a subsidiary of Lucasfilm "formed to handle the merchandising for Star Wars."<a href="#cite_note-blackfalcon-331">[321]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_Star_Wars" title="The Story of Star Wars">The Story of Star Wars</a> was a 1977 record album presenting an abridged version of the events depicted in Star Wars, using dialogue and sound effects from the original film. The recording was produced by George Lucas and Alan Livingston, and was narrated by <a href="/wiki/Roscoe_Lee_Browne" title="Roscoe Lee Browne">Roscoe Lee Browne</a>. The script was adapted by E. Jack Kaplan and Cheryl Gard.<a href="#cite_note-:1-170">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-171">[165]</a> An audio CD boxed set of the Star Wars radio series was released in 1993, containing the original 1981 radio drama along with the radio adaptations of the sequels, The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi.<a href="#cite_note-332">[322]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_and_influence">Legacy and influence</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Legacy and influence">edit</a>]</div> Ford, who subsequently starred in the <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones" title="Indiana Jones">Indiana Jones</a> series (1981–2023), <a href="/wiki/Blade_Runner" title="Blade Runner">Blade Runner</a> (1982), and <a href="/wiki/Witness_(1985_film)" title="Witness (1985 film)">Witness</a> (1985), told the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Mirror" title="Daily Mirror">Daily Mirror</a> that Star Wars "boosted" his career.<a href="#cite_note-333">[323]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] The film also spawned the <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Holiday_Special" title="Star Wars Holiday Special">Star Wars Holiday Special</a>, which debuted on <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> on November 17, 1978, and is often considered a failure; Lucas himself disowned it.<a href="#cite_note-334">[324]</a> The special was never aired again after its original broadcast, and it has never been officially released on home video. However, many bootleg copies exist, and it has consequently become something of an underground legend.<a href="#cite_note-Vanity_Fair-335">[325]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: In popular culture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cultural_impact_of_Star_Wars" title="Cultural impact of Star Wars">Cultural impact of Star Wars</a></div> Star Wars and its subsequent film installments have been explicitly referenced and satirized across a wide range of media. <a href="/wiki/Hardware_Wars" title="Hardware Wars">Hardware Wars</a>, released in 1978, was one of the first fan films to parody Star Wars. It received positive critical reaction, earned over $1 million, and is one of Lucas's favorite Star Wars spoofs.<a href="#cite_note-336">[326]</a><a href="#cite_note-337">[327]</a><a href="#cite_note-338">[328]</a><a href="#cite_note-339">[329]</a> Writing for The New York Times, <a href="/wiki/Frank_DeCaro" title="Frank DeCaro">Frank DeCaro</a> said, "Star Wars littered pop culture of the late 1970s with a galaxy of space junk."<a href="#cite_note-DeCaro-340">[330]</a> He cited <a href="/wiki/Quark_(TV_series)" title="Quark (TV series)">Quark</a> (a short-lived 1977 <a href="/wiki/Sitcom" title="Sitcom">sitcom</a> that parodies the science fiction genre)<a href="#cite_note-DeCaro-340">[330]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Donny_%26_Marie_(1976_TV_series)" title="Donny & Marie (1976 TV series)">Donny & Marie</a> (a 1970s <a href="/wiki/Variety_show" title="Variety show">variety show</a> that featured a 10-minute musical adaptation of Star Wars guest starring Daniels and Mayhew)<a href="#cite_note-341">[331]</a> as "television's two most infamous examples."<a href="#cite_note-DeCaro-340">[330]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Spaceballs" title="Spaceballs">Spaceballs</a>, a satirical comic science-fiction parody, was released in 1987 to mixed reviews.<a href="#cite_note-342">[332]</a> Lucas permitted Brooks to make a spoof of the film under "one incredibly big restriction: no action figures."<a href="#cite_note-343">[333]</a> In the 1990s and 2000s, animated comedy TV series <a href="/wiki/Family_Guy" title="Family Guy">Family Guy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-344">[334]</a> <a href="/wiki/Robot_Chicken" title="Robot Chicken">Robot Chicken</a>,<a href="#cite_note-345">[335]</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">The Simpsons</a><a href="#cite_note-346">[336]</a> produced episodes satirizing the film series. A <a href="/wiki/Nerdist" title="Nerdist">Nerdist</a> article published in 2021 argues that "Star Wars is the most influential film of all time" partly on the basis that "if all copies ... suddenly vanished, we could more or less recreate the film ... using other media," including parodies.<a href="#cite_note-347">[337]</a> Many elements of Star Wars are prominent in popular culture. Darth Vader, Han Solo, and Yoda were all named in the top twenty of the <a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a>'s "Best Sci-Fi Characters of All-Time" list.<a href="#cite_note-348">[338]</a> The expressions "Evil empire" and "<a href="/wiki/May_the_Force_be_with_you" class="mw-redirect" title="May the Force be with you">May the Force be with you</a>" have become part of the popular lexicon.<a href="#cite_note-CT-349">[339]</a> A pun on the latter phrase ("May the Fourth") has led to May 4 being regarded by many fans as an unofficial <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Day" title="Star Wars Day">Star Wars Day</a>.<a href="#cite_note-350">[340]</a> To commemorate the film's 30th anniversary in May 2007, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a> issued a set of 15 stamps depicting the characters of the franchise. Approximately 400 mailboxes across the country were also designed to look like R2-D2.<a href="#cite_note-351">[341]</a> Star Wars and Lucas are the subject of the 2010 documentary film <a href="/wiki/The_People_vs._George_Lucas" title="The People vs. George Lucas">The People vs. George Lucas</a>, which explores filmmaking and fandom as they pertain to the film franchise and its creator.<a href="#cite_note-352">[342]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cinematic_influence">Cinematic influence</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Cinematic influence">edit</a>]</div> In his book <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Movies" title="The Great Movies">The Great Movies</a>, Roger Ebert called Star Wars "a technical watershed" that influenced many subsequent films. It began a new generation of special effects and high-energy motion pictures. The film was one of the first films to link genres together to invent a new, <a href="/wiki/High-concept" class="mw-redirect" title="High-concept">high-concept</a> genre for filmmakers to build upon.<a href="#cite_note-Legacy-119">[113]</a> Along with Steven Spielberg's Jaws, it shifted the film industry's focus away from the more personal filmmaking of the 1970s towards fast-paced, big-budget blockbusters for younger audiences.<a href="#cite_note-Dreams-52">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-GreatEbert-353">[343]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shone-354">[344]</a> Filmmakers who have been influenced by Star Wars include <a href="/wiki/J._J._Abrams" title="J. J. Abrams">J. J. Abrams</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dean_Devlin" title="Dean Devlin">Dean Devlin</a>, Gareth Edwards,<a href="#cite_note-355">[345]</a> <a href="/wiki/Roland_Emmerich" title="Roland Emmerich">Roland Emmerich</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Fincher" title="David Fincher">David Fincher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Lasseter" title="John Lasseter">John Lasseter</a>,<a href="#cite_note-356">[346]</a> <a href="/wiki/Damon_Lindelof" title="Damon Lindelof">Damon Lindelof</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher Nolan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ridley_Scott" title="Ridley Scott">Ridley Scott</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Singleton" title="John Singleton">John Singleton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Smith" title="Kevin Smith">Kevin Smith</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Legacy-119">[113]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joss_Whedon" title="Joss Whedon">Joss Whedon</a>. Lucas's "used future" concept was employed in Scott's <a href="/wiki/Alien_(film)" title="Alien (film)">Alien</a> (1979) and Blade Runner (1982); Cameron's <a href="/wiki/Aliens_(film)" title="Aliens (film)">Aliens</a> (1986) and <a href="/wiki/The_Terminator" title="The Terminator">The Terminator</a> (1984); and Jackson's <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)" title="The Lord of the Rings (film series)">The Lord of the Rings trilogy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Legacy-119">[113]</a> Nolan cited Star Wars as an influence when making <a href="/wiki/Inception" title="Inception">Inception</a> (2010).<a href="#cite_note-357">[347]</a> Some critics have complained that Star Wars, as well as Jaws, "ruined" Hollywood by shifting its focus from "sophisticated" films such as <a href="/wiki/The_Godfather" title="The Godfather">The Godfather</a>, Taxi Driver, and <a href="/wiki/Annie_Hall" title="Annie Hall">Annie Hall</a> to films about spectacle and juvenile fantasy.<a href="#cite_note-American-358">[348]</a> On a 1977 episode of <a href="/wiki/Sneak_Previews" title="Sneak Previews">Sneak Previews</a>, Gene Siskel said he hoped Hollywood would continue to cater to audiences who enjoy "serious pictures".<a href="#cite_note-SiskelEbert1977-359">[349]</a> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Biskind" title="Peter Biskind">Peter Biskind</a> claimed that Lucas and Spielberg "returned the 1970s audience, grown sophisticated on a diet of European and <a href="/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a> films, to the simplicities of the pre-1960s <a href="/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema" title="Classical Hollywood cinema">Golden Age of movies</a> ... They marched backward through the looking-glass."<a href="#cite_note-American-358">[348]</a><a href="#cite_note-Biskind-195">[188]</a> In contrast, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Shone" title="Tom Shone">Tom Shone</a> wrote that through Star Wars and Jaws, Lucas and Spielberg did not betray cinema, but instead "plugged it back into the grid, returning it ... to its roots as a carnival sideshow, a magic act, one big special effect", which amounted to "a kind of rebirth."<a href="#cite_note-Shone-354">[344]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sequels,_prequels,_and_adaptations">Sequels, prequels, and adaptations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Sequels, prequels, and adaptations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="The Empire Strikes Back">The Empire Strikes Back</a>, <a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Return of the Jedi">Return of the Jedi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_prequel_trilogy" title="Star Wars prequel trilogy">Star Wars prequel trilogy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_sequel_trilogy" title="Star Wars sequel trilogy">Star Wars sequel trilogy</a></div> Star Wars was followed by the sequels The Empire Strikes Back (1980) and Return of the Jedi (1983), which conclude the original film trilogy.<a href="#cite_note-363">[k]</a> Both were financially successful and fared well with critics. The original trilogy is considered one of the best film trilogies in history.<a href="#cite_note-369">[l]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(radio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Star Wars (radio)">radio drama adaptation</a> of Star Wars was broadcast on the American <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">National Public Radio</a> network in 1981. It was written by <a href="/wiki/Brian_Daley" title="Brian Daley">Brian Daley</a> and directed by <a href="/wiki/John_Madden_(director)" title="John Madden (director)">John Madden</a>, and was produced with cooperation from George Lucas, who donated the rights to NPR. Williams's music and Burtt's sound design were retained for the show, and Hamill and Daniels reprised their roles.<a href="#cite_note-allthings-370">[358]</a> The narrative began with a backstory to the film, recounting Leia's acquisition of the Death Star plans. It also featured scenes not seen in the final cut of the film, such as Luke's observation of the space battle above Tatooine, a skyhopper race, and Vader's interrogation of Leia. The radio version was originally part of the official <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Star Wars canon">Star Wars canon</a>,<a href="#cite_note-371">[359]</a><a href="#cite_note-372">[360]</a> but has since been supplanted by revised canonical narratives.<a href="#cite_note-373">[361]</a> More than twenty years after the release of Star Wars, Lucas wrote and directed a prequel trilogy, consisting of the films <a href="/wiki/The_Phantom_Menace" class="mw-redirect" title="The Phantom Menace">The Phantom Menace</a> (1999), <a href="/wiki/Attack_of_the_Clones" class="mw-redirect" title="Attack of the Clones">Attack of the Clones</a> (2002), and <a href="/wiki/Revenge_of_the_Sith" class="mw-redirect" title="Revenge of the Sith">Revenge of the Sith</a> (2005). The trilogy chronicles the history between Obi-Wan and Anakin Skywalker, and the latter's fall to the dark side and transformation into Darth Vader. The prequel trilogy was financially successful, but some of the plot threads and new characters polarized critics and fans.<a href="#cite_note-IndependentPrequels-374">[362]</a><a href="#cite_note-ScreenRantPrequels-375">[363]</a><a href="#cite_note-GuardianPrequels-376">[364]</a><a href="#cite_note-PrequelTrilogyBFI-377">[365]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNetPrequels-378">[366]</a> After Lucas sold the Star Wars franchise to <a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">the Walt Disney Company</a> in 2012, Disney developed a sequel trilogy, consisting of <a href="/wiki/The_Force_Awakens" class="mw-redirect" title="The Force Awakens">The Force Awakens</a> (2015), <a href="/wiki/The_Last_Jedi" class="mw-redirect" title="The Last Jedi">The Last Jedi</a> (2017), and <a href="/wiki/The_Rise_of_Skywalker" class="mw-redirect" title="The Rise of Skywalker">The Rise of Skywalker</a> (2019).<a href="#cite_note-TheGuardianSequelTril-379">[367]</a><a href="#cite_note-SequelTrilogy-380">[368]</a><a href="#cite_note-EpisodeVII-381">[369]</a><a href="#cite_note-EpisodeVIIITitle-382">[370]</a><a href="#cite_note-EpisodeIXTitle-383">[371]</a> Original trilogy cast members including Ford, Hamill, and Fisher reprised their roles, alongside new characters portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Daisy_Ridley" title="Daisy Ridley">Daisy Ridley</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Boyega" title="John Boyega">John Boyega</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adam_Driver" title="Adam Driver">Adam Driver</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Isaac" title="Oscar Isaac">Oscar Isaac</a>.<a href="#cite_note-EpisodeVIIBFI-384">[372]</a> In 2016, Disney released the standalone film Rogue One, which depicts the successful Rebel attempt to steal the Death Star plans. It serves as a direct prequel to Star Wars, ending where Star Wars begins. Other <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars#Films" title="Star Wars">standalone films</a> and <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars#Television" title="Star Wars">television series</a> have also been released.<a href="#cite_note-ObserveSequelTrilogy-385">[373]</a><a href="#cite_note-VarietySolo-386">[374]</a><a href="#cite_note-TimeRogueOne-387">[375]</a><a href="#cite_note-GRadarOthers-388">[376]</a><a href="#cite_note-389">[377]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> In the credits of Star Wars, the droid's name is spelled without a hyphen (C3PO). In later films, it is spelled with a hyphen (C-3PO). </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> The character is referred to as "General Cassio Tagge" in later Star Wars media.<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHidalgoSansweet2008c211-25">[24]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> The character is referred to as "<a href="/wiki/Dr._Evazan" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr. Evazan">Dr. Evazan</a>" in later Star Wars media.<a href="#cite_note-30">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHidalgoSansweet2008a243-31">[29]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> The character is referred to as "<a href="/wiki/Captain_Antilles" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain Antilles">Captain Raymus Antilles</a>" in later Star Wars media.<a href="#cite_note-34">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHidalgoSansweet2008a35-35">[32]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> Lucas's claims are internally inconsistent, and have been refuted by Kurtz, Kaminski,<a href="#cite_note-:5-60">[56]</a> and Chris Taylor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2014a115-71">[67]</a> Lucas sometimes admitted to have only had notes rather than complete treatments or scripts, and in 2010 confided to the showrunners of <a href="/wiki/Lost_(2004_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lost (2004 TV series)">Lost</a> that: "when Star Wars first came out, I didn't know where it was going either. The trick is to pretend you've planned the whole thing out in advance."<a href="#cite_note-72">[68]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> Other actors who reportedly auditioned for the role of Han Solo include <a href="/wiki/James_Caan" title="James Caan">James Caan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chevy_Chase" title="Chevy Chase">Chevy Chase</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dreyfuss" title="Richard Dreyfuss">Richard Dreyfuss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Martin" title="Steve Martin">Steve Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Murray" title="Bill Murray">Bill Murray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nick_Nolte" title="Nick Nolte">Nick Nolte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burt_Reynolds" title="Burt Reynolds">Burt Reynolds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Russell" title="Kurt Russell">Kurt Russell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Englund" title="Robert Englund">Robert Englund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Stallone" title="Sylvester Stallone">Sylvester Stallone</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Travolta" title="John Travolta">John Travolta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Walken" title="Christopher Walken">Christopher Walken</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Perry_King" title="Perry King">Perry King</a>, who later played Solo in the <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(radio_series)" title="Star Wars (radio series)">radio series</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Dreams-52">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-casting-86">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[92]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> Attributed to multiple references: <a href="#cite_note-184">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-photosecrets-185">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[181]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> A few black <a href="/wiki/Extra_(acting)" title="Extra (acting)">extras</a> appear in Mos Eisley external shots, which were filmed in Tunisia.<a href="#cite_note-239">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[233]</a> The treatment of the droids, who are sold like slaves and expelled from the Mos Eisley cantina, may allude to racial <a href="/wiki/Discrimination_in_the_United_States" title="Discrimination in the United States">discrimination in the United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-241">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-alife-242">[235]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> Having modeled the evil Galactic Empire upon the infamous <a href="/wiki/Nazis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazis">Nazis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-244">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[237]</a> Lucas was surprised at accusations that his film promoted racism.<a href="#cite_note-alife-242">[235]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a> In The Cinema of George Lucas, Marcus Hearn claims the title was changed earlier, in July 1978 (Hearn 2005, p.124). </li> <li id="cite_note-363"><a href="#cite_ref-363">^</a> Attributed to multiple references: <a href="#cite_note-CNNLowry-360">[350]</a><a href="#cite_note-DOGROTJ-361">[351]</a><a href="#cite_note-WaPoTESB-362">[352]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-369"><a href="#cite_ref-369">^</a> Attributed to multiple references: <a href="#cite_note-DOGROTJ-361">[351]</a><a href="#cite_note-364">[353]</a><a href="#cite_note-365">[354]</a><a href="#cite_note-366">[355]</a><a href="#cite_note-367">[356]</a><a href="#cite_note-368">[357]</a> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 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Retrieved November 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Quartz&rft.atitle=11+actors+who+are+Harrison+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3EFord-y%3C%2Fspan%3E+enough+to+pull+off+a+young+Han+Solo&rft.date=2015-07-08&rft.aulast=Epstein&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqz.com%2F447959%2F11-actors-who-are-harrison-ford-y-enough-to-pull-off-a-young-han-solo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2015" class="citation web cs1">Murphy, Mike (October 23, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qz.com/530524/we-should-think-of-leia-as-a-politician-as-much-as-a-princess">"We should think of Leia from "Star Wars" as a politician as much as a princess"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Quartz_(publication)" title="Quartz (publication)">Quartz</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181025190244/https://qz.com/530524/we-should-think-of-leia-as-a-politician-as-much-as-a-princess/">Archived</a> from the original on October 25, 2018. 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Retrieved March 26, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=How+%27Obi-Wan+Kenobi%27+Brilliantly+Bridges+Gap+Between+Ewan+McGregor+and+Alec+Guinness%27+Iconic+%27Star+Wars%27+Character&rft.date=2022-06-24&rft.aulast=Odman&rft.aufirst=Sydney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Ftv%2Ftv-features%2Fobi-wan-kenobi-star-wars-bridges-gap-ewan-mcgregor-alec-guinness-1235171444%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHidalgoSansweet2008b212-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHidalgoSansweet2008b212_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHidalgoSansweet2008b">Hidalgo & Sansweet 2008b</a>, p. 212. </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacGregor2017" class="citation web cs1">MacGregor, Jeff (December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/anthony-daniels-c3po-unlikely-dash-humanity-180967212/">"How Anthony Daniels Gives C-3PO an Unlikely Dash of Humanity"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithsonian Magazine">Smithsonian Magazine</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210506210129/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/anthony-daniels-c3po-unlikely-dash-humanity-180967212/">Archived</a> from the original on May 6, 2021. 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Producer Gary Kurtz looks back"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130517065204/http://herocomplex.latimes.com/movies/star-wars-was-born-a-long-time-ago-but-not-all-that-far-far-away-in-1972-filmmakers-george-lucas-and-gary-kurtz-wer/">Archived</a> from the original on May 17, 2013. 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McGraw-Hill Education (UK). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-335-22843-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-335-22843-0"><bdi>978-0-335-22843-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230811181310/https://books.google.com/books?id=aD1EBgAAQBAJ&q=500+million&pg=PA173">Archived</a> from the original on August 11, 2023. 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Retrieved March 4, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+Films+of+All-Time%3A+Part+1+%E2%80%93+Box-Office+Blockbusters&rft.pub=Filmsite.org&rft.aulast=Dirks&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmsite.org%2Fgreatfilmssummary.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHindes" class="citation magazine cs1">Hindes, Andrew. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/1998/film/news/toto-recall-1117488198/#!">"WB's Toto Recall"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Daily_Variety" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Variety">Daily Variety</a>. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210123151554/https://variety.com/1998/film/news/toto-recall-1117488198/#!">Archived</a> from the original on January 23, 2021. Retrieved January 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Variety&rft.atitle=WB%27s+Toto+Recall&rft.pages=1&rft.aulast=Hindes&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F1998%2Ffilm%2Fnews%2Ftoto-recall-1117488198%2F%23%21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDirks" class="citation web cs1">Dirks, Tim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmsite.org/series-starwars4.html">"Greatest Movie Series Franchises of All Time: The Star Wars Trilogy – Part IV"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Filmsite.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Filmsite.org">Filmsite.org</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131003231735/http://www.filmsite.org/series-starwars4.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 3, 2013. Retrieved March 4, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Greatest+Movie+Series+Franchises+of+All+Time%3A+The+Star+Wars+Trilogy+%E2%80%93+Part+IV&rft.pub=Filmsite.org&rft.aulast=Dirks&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmsite.org%2Fseries-starwars4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLasalle1998" class="citation news cs1">Lasalle, Mick (March 16, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/Titanic-Makes-Movie-History-It-s-now-the-3011693.php">"Titanic Makes Movie History – It's now the biggest moneymaker ever"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hearst_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Hearst Corporation">Hearst Corporation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130618100509/http://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/Titanic-Makes-Movie-History-It-s-now-the-3011693.php">Archived</a> from the original on June 18, 2013. Retrieved March 4, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Titanic+Makes+Movie+History+%E2%80%93+It%27s+now+the+biggest+moneymaker+ever&rft.date=1998-03-16&rft.aulast=Lasalle&rft.aufirst=Mick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fentertainment%2Farticle%2FTitanic-Makes-Movie-History-It-s-now-the-3011693.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff2011" class="citation news cs1">Staff (July 11, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/blogs/dailychart/2011/07/film-franchises">"Pottering on, and on – Highest-grossing film in franchise"</a>. The Economist. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170303193154/https://www.economist.com/blogs/dailychart/2011/07/film-franchises">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2017. Retrieved March 18, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Pottering+on%2C+and+on+%E2%80%93+Highest-grossing+film+in+franchise&rft.date=2011-07-11&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fblogs%2Fdailychart%2F2011%2F07%2Ffilm-franchises&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlenday2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Glenday, Craig, ed. (2011). <bdi lang="ru">Гиннесс. Мировые рекорды 2012</bdi> [Guinness World Records 2012] (in Russian). Translated by Andrianov, P.I.; Palova, I.V. Moscow: <a href="/wiki/Astrel" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrel">Astrel</a>. p. 211. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-271-36423-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-271-36423-5"><bdi>978-5-271-36423-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81.+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B+2012&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pages=211&rft.pub=Astrel&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-5-271-36423-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm">"All Time Box Office: Domestic Grosses – Adjusted for Ticket Price Inflation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090504000735/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm">Archived</a> from the original on May 4, 2009. Retrieved February 18, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=All+Time+Box+Office%3A+Domestic+Grosses+%E2%80%93+Adjusted+for+Ticket+Price+Inflation&rft.pub=Box+Office+Mojo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fboxofficemojo.com%2Falltime%2Fadjusted.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ebert-224"><a href="#cite_ref-Ebert_224-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbert1977" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Ebert, Roger</a> (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rogerebert.com/reviews/star-wars-1977">"Star Wars"</a>. Chicago Sun-Times. Sun-Times Media Group. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130430064749/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/star-wars-1977">Archived</a> from the original on April 30, 2013. Retrieved September 6, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Sun-Times&rft.atitle=Star+Wars&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Ebert&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frogerebert.com%2Freviews%2Fstar-wars-1977&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanby1977" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Canby" title="Vincent Canby">Canby, Vincent</a> (May 26, 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/library/film/052677wars.html">"Star Wars – A Trip to a Far Galaxy That's Fun and Funny ..."</a> The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060424081519/http://www.nytimes.com/library/film/052677wars.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 24, 2006. Retrieved October 4, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Star+Wars+%E2%80%93+A+Trip+to+a+Far+Galaxy+That%27s+Fun+and+Funny%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E+%3C%2Fspan%3E...&rft.date=1977-05-26&rft.aulast=Canby&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Flibrary%2Ffilm%2F052677wars.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnold1977" class="citation news cs1">Arnold, Gary (May 25, 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/04/06/AR2005040601186.html">"'Star Wars': A Spectacular Intergalactic Joyride"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Nash Holdings LLC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141222053030/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/04/06/AR2005040601186.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 22, 2014. Retrieved May 10, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=%27Star+Wars%27%3A+A+Spectacular+Intergalactic+Joyride&rft.date=1977-05-25&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2005%2F04%2F06%2FAR2005040601186.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKael1977" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Kael" title="Pauline Kael">Kael, Pauline</a> (September 26, 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061217122529/http://www.newyorker.com/archive/content/articles/050523fr_archive02">"Contrasts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a>. <a href="/wiki/Advance_Publications" title="Advance Publications">Advance Publications</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/archive/content/articles/050523fr_archive02">the original</a> on December 17, 2006. Retrieved September 7, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Contrasts&rft.date=1977-09-26&rft.aulast=Kael&rft.aufirst=Pauline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Farchive%2Fcontent%2Farticles%2F050523fr_archive02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYMag1-228"><a href="#cite_ref-NYMag1_228-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimon1977" class="citation magazine cs1">Simon, John (June 20, 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vulture.com/2015/12/nymag-original-star-wars-review-1977.html#">"Looking Back at New York's Critical 1977 Review of Star Wars"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151217215621/http://www.vulture.com/2015/12/nymag-original-star-wars-review-1977.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 17, 2015. Retrieved December 17, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York&rft.atitle=Looking+Back+at+New+York%27s+Critical+1977+Review+of+Star+Wars&rft.date=1977-06-20&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vulture.com%2F2015%2F12%2Fnymag-original-star-wars-review-1977.html%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-norman19771120-229"><a href="#cite_ref-norman19771120_229-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorman2022" class="citation audio-visual cs1">Norman, Barry (January 10, 2022) [1977-11-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fSKJW1wazQ8">1977: Original STAR WARS Review – Film 77 – Classic Movie Review – BBC Archive</a>. 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Retrieved June 29, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1977%3A+Original+STAR+WARS+Review+%E2%80%93+Film+77+%E2%80%93+Classic+Movie+Review+%E2%80%93+BBC+Archive&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2022-01-10&rft.aulast=Norman&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DfSKJW1wazQ8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerry1977" class="citation web cs1">Berry, Adrian (December 16, 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/star-wars/10430039/Star-Wars-the-Telegraphs-original-1977-review.html">"Star Wars: the Telegraph's original 1977 review"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140608235200/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/star-wars/10430039/Star-Wars-the-Telegraphs-original-1977-review.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 8, 2014. Retrieved May 10, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Star+Wars%3A+the+Telegraph%27s+original+1977+review&rft.date=1977-12-16&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Fstar-wars%2F10430039%2FStar-Wars-the-Telegraphs-original-1977-review.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiskel1977" class="citation news cs1">Siskel, Gene (May 27, 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/39389179/may-27-1977-siskel-star-wars-review/">"'Star Wars' flashes with space wizardry"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220521121945/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/39389179/may-27-1977-siskel-star-wars-review/">Archived</a> from the original on May 21, 2022. 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October 5, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004056/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1978">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2015. 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New York. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1077-6788">1077-6788</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/30856250">30856250</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151118153023/http://motherboard.vice.com/read/star-wars-despecialized-edition-removes-alterations-to-the-original-trilogy">Archived</a> from the original on November 18, 2015. 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Retrieved September 19, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Collider&rft.atitle=More+Changes+to+STAR+WARS+Include+Blinking+Ewoks+and+Different+Cut+of+Greedo+Shooting+First&rft.date=2011-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollider.com%2Fstar-wars-blu-ray-changes-2%2F112594%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theasc.com/magazine/starwars/articles/sped/ssws/pg1.htm">"Saving the Star Wars Saga – page 1"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Cinematographers" title="American Society of Cinematographers">American Society of Cinematographers</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120921225101/http://www.theasc.com/magazine/starwars/articles/sped/ssws/pg1.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2012. 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Star Wars on Video. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140715002133/http://www.swonvideo.com/vhs/vvhstrilogyus1988box.htm">Archived</a> from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved July 10, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Star+Wars+on+Video&rft.atitle=Star+Wars+Trilogy%2C+VHS%2C+CBS%2FFox+Video%2C+USA+1990&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swonvideo.com%2Fvhs%2Fvvhstrilogyus1988box.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-311"><a href="#cite_ref-311">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swonvideo.com/vhs/vtrilogylbxbox.htm">"Star Wars Trilogy, Widescreen, VHS, 20th Century Fox Video USA, 1992"</a>. 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Retrieved July 19, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=StarWars.com&rft.atitle=Bring+the+Complete+Collection+Home%3A+Star+Wars%3A+The+Complete+Saga+on+Blu-Ray&rft.date=2011-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.starwars.com%2Fmovies%2Fsaga%2Fbluraymay4%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-320"><a href="#cite_ref-320">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillips2011" class="citation web cs1">Phillips, Casey (September 16, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesfreepress.com/news/2011/sep/16/star-wars-fans-react-with-mixed-feelings/">"Star Wars fans react with mixed feelings to changes in new Blu-ray release"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chattanooga_Times_Free_Press" title="Chattanooga Times Free Press">Chattanooga Times Free Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140521032253/http://www.timesfreepress.com/news/2011/sep/16/star-wars-fans-react-with-mixed-feelings/">Archived</a> from the original on May 21, 2014. 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Retrieved June 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=%27Star+Wars%3A+The+Force+Awakens%27%3A+When+the+Film+Opens+Around+the+World&rft.date=2015-12-07&rft.aulast=McClintock&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhollywoodreporter.com%2Fnews%2Fstar-wars-force-awakens-worldwide-846428&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-EpisodeVIIITitle-382"><a href="#cite_ref-EpisodeVIIITitle_382-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCouch2017" class="citation web cs1">Couch, Aaron (January 23, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/star-wars-episode-8-title-929351">"'Star Wars: Episode VIII' Title Revealed"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331104747/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/star-wars-episode-8-title-929351">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2021. Retrieved June 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=%27Star+Wars%3A+Episode+VIII%27+Title+Revealed&rft.date=2017-01-23&rft.aulast=Couch&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fheat-vision%2Fstar-wars-episode-8-title-929351&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-EpisodeIXTitle-383"><a href="#cite_ref-EpisodeIXTitle_383-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreznican2019" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Breznican" title="Anthony Breznican">Breznican, Anthony</a> (April 12, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ew.com/movies/2019/04/12/star-wars-episode-ix-title/">"Star Wars: Episode IX has a title — The Rise of Skywalker"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly" title="Entertainment Weekly">Entertainment Weekly</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331100218/https://ew.com/movies/2019/04/12/star-wars-episode-ix-title/">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2021. Retrieved June 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entertainment+Weekly&rft.atitle=Star+Wars%3A+Episode+IX+has+a+title+%E2%80%94+The+Rise+of+Skywalker&rft.date=2019-04-12&rft.aulast=Breznican&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Few.com%2Fmovies%2F2019%2F04%2F12%2Fstar-wars-episode-ix-title%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-EpisodeVIIBFI-384"><a href="#cite_ref-EpisodeVIIBFI_384-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021190327/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/568f1ba214607">"Star Wars Episode VII The Force Awakens"</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/568f1ba214607">the original</a> on October 21, 2020. Retrieved June 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Star+Wars+Episode+VII+The+Force+Awakens&rft.pub=British+Film+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.bfi.org.uk%2Ffilms-tv-people%2F568f1ba214607&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ObserveSequelTrilogy-385"><a href="#cite_ref-ObserveSequelTrilogy_385-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatz2020" class="citation web cs1">Katz, Brandon (July 15, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observer.com/2020/07/disney-isnt-ignoring-erasing-star-wars-lucasfilm-box-office/">"No, Disney Isn't Erasing the 'Star Wars' Sequel Trilogy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Observer" title="The New York Observer">The New York Observer</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210605145632/https://observer.com/2020/07/disney-isnt-ignoring-erasing-star-wars-lucasfilm-box-office/">Archived</a> from the original on June 5, 2021. Retrieved June 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Observer&rft.atitle=No%2C+Disney+Isn%27t+Erasing+the+%27Star+Wars%27+Sequel+Trilogy&rft.date=2020-07-15&rft.aulast=Katz&rft.aufirst=Brandon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fobserver.com%2F2020%2F07%2Fdisney-isnt-ignoring-erasing-star-wars-lucasfilm-box-office%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-VarietySolo-386"><a href="#cite_ref-VarietySolo_386-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTapley2018" class="citation web cs1">Tapley, Kristopher (May 22, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2018/film/features/solo-a-star-wars-story-directors-reshoots-ron-howard-1202817841/">"Inside 'Solo': A 'Star Wars' Story's Bumpy Ride to the Big Screen"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210605145624/https://variety.com/2018/film/features/solo-a-star-wars-story-directors-reshoots-ron-howard-1202817841/">Archived</a> from the original on June 5, 2021. Retrieved June 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Inside+%27Solo%27%3A+A+%27Star+Wars%27+Story%27s+Bumpy+Ride+to+the+Big+Screen&rft.date=2018-05-22&rft.aulast=Tapley&rft.aufirst=Kristopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2018%2Ffilm%2Ffeatures%2Fsolo-a-star-wars-story-directors-reshoots-ron-howard-1202817841%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TimeRogueOne-387"><a href="#cite_ref-TimeRogueOne_387-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDockterman2016" class="citation magazine cs1">Dockterman, Eliana (December 13, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/4594017/rogue-one-star-wars-timeline/">"How Rogue One Fits Into the Star Wars Timeline"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210605145617/https://time.com/4594017/rogue-one-star-wars-timeline/">Archived</a> from the original on June 5, 2021. Retrieved June 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=How+Rogue+One+Fits+Into+the+Star+Wars+Timeline&rft.date=2016-12-13&rft.aulast=Dockterman&rft.aufirst=Eliana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F4594017%2Frogue-one-star-wars-timeline%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GRadarOthers-388"><a href="#cite_ref-GRadarOthers_388-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards2021" class="citation web cs1">Edwards, Richard (August 12, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamesradar.com/uk/star-wars-timeline/">"Star Wars timeline: Every major event in chronological order"</a>. <a href="/wiki/GamesRadar%2B" title="GamesRadar+">GamesRadar+</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210425000131/https://www.gamesradar.com/uk/star-wars-timeline/">Archived</a> from the original on April 25, 2021. Retrieved September 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GamesRadar%2B&rft.atitle=Star+Wars+timeline%3A+Every+major+event+in+chronological+order&rft.date=2021-08-12&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamesradar.com%2Fuk%2Fstar-wars-timeline%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-389"><a href="#cite_ref-389">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohanson2016" class="citation web cs1">Johanson, MaryAnn (December 16, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickfilosopher.com/2016/12/rogue-one-star-wars-story-movie-review-high-price-hope.html">"Rogue One: A Star Wars Story movie review: the high price of hope"</a>. FlickFilosopher.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240227083725/https://www.flickfilosopher.com/2016/12/rogue-one-star-wars-story-movie-review-high-price-hope.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 27, 2024. Retrieved February 27, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FlickFilosopher.com&rft.atitle=Rogue+One%3A+A+Star+Wars+Story+movie+review%3A+the+high+price+of+hope&rft.date=2016-12-16&rft.aulast=Johanson&rft.aufirst=MaryAnn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickfilosopher.com%2F2016%2F12%2Frogue-one-star-wars-story-movie-review-high-price-hope.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Works cited">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaxter1999" class="citation book cs1">Baxter, John (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mythmakerlifewor00baxt">Mythmaker: The Life and Work of George Lucas</a> (1st ed.). New York: William Morrow. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-380-97833-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-380-97833-5"><bdi>978-0-380-97833-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mythmaker%3A+The+Life+and+Work+of+George+Lucas&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=William+Morrow&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-380-97833-5&rft.aulast=Baxter&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmythmakerlifewor00baxt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBouzereau1997" class="citation book cs1">Bouzereau, Laurent (1997). Star Wars: The Annotated Screenplays (1st ed.). New York: Ballantine Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-345-40981-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-345-40981-2"><bdi>978-0-345-40981-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Star+Wars%3A+The+Annotated+Screenplays&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Ballantine+Books&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-345-40981-2&rft.aulast=Bouzereau&rft.aufirst=Laurent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooker2009" class="citation book cs1">Brooker, Will (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190925042239/https://books.google.com/books?id=wWodBQAAQBAJ">BFI Film Classics: Star Wars</a>. Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84457-554-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84457-554-1"><bdi>978-1-84457-554-1</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wWodBQAAQBAJ">the original</a> on September 25, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=BFI+Film+Classics%3A+Star+Wars&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-84457-554-1&rft.aulast=Brooker&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwWodBQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuinness1986" class="citation book cs1">Guinness, Alec (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/blessingsindisgu00guinrich">Blessings in Disguise</a>. New York: Knopf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-55237-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-55237-7"><bdi>0-394-55237-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blessings+in+Disguise&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Knopf&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-394-55237-7&rft.aulast=Guinness&rft.aufirst=Alec&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fblessingsindisgu00guinrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHidalgoSansweet2008a" class="citation book cs1">Hidalgo, Pablo; Sansweet, Stephen (2008a). The Complete Star Wars Encyclopedia. Vol. I (First ed.). New York: Del Rey. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780345477637" title="Special:BookSources/9780345477637"><bdi>9780345477637</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Star+Wars+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Del+Rey&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780345477637&rft.aulast=Hidalgo&rft.aufirst=Pablo&rft.au=Sansweet%2C+Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHidalgoSansweet2008b" class="citation book cs1">Hidalgo, Pablo; Sansweet, Stephen (2008b). The Complete Star Wars Encyclopedia. Vol. II (First ed.). New York: Del Rey. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780345477637" title="Special:BookSources/9780345477637"><bdi>9780345477637</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Star+Wars+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Del+Rey&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780345477637&rft.aulast=Hidalgo&rft.aufirst=Pablo&rft.au=Sansweet%2C+Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHidalgoSansweet2008c" class="citation book cs1">Hidalgo, Pablo; Sansweet, Stephen (2008c). The Complete Star Wars Encyclopedia. Vol. III (First ed.). New York: Del Rey. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780345477637" title="Special:BookSources/9780345477637"><bdi>9780345477637</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Star+Wars+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Del+Rey&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780345477637&rft.aulast=Hidalgo&rft.aufirst=Pablo&rft.au=Sansweet%2C+Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHearn2005" class="citation book cs1">Hearn, Marcus (2005). The Cinema of George Lucas. New York: Abrahams Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8109-4968-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8109-4968-7"><bdi>0-8109-4968-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cinema+of+George+Lucas&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Abrahams+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-8109-4968-7&rft.aulast=Hearn&rft.aufirst=Marcus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaminski2008" class="citation book cs1">Kaminski, Michael (2008) [2007]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YkzKPAAACAAJ">The Secret History of Star Wars: The Art of Storytelling and the Making of a Modern Epic</a>. Kingston, Ont.: Legacy Books Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9784652-3-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9784652-3-0"><bdi>978-0-9784652-3-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240306085530/https://books.google.com/books?id=YkzKPAAACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on March 6, 2024. Retrieved June 2, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Secret+History+of+Star+Wars%3A+The+Art+of+Storytelling+and+the+Making+of+a+Modern+Epic&rft.place=Kingston%2C+Ont.&rft.pub=Legacy+Books+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-9784652-3-0&rft.aulast=Kaminski&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYkzKPAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPollock1999" class="citation book cs1">Pollock, Dale (1999). Skywalking: The Life and Films of George Lucas. New York: Da Capo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-306-80904-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-306-80904-4"><bdi>0-306-80904-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Skywalking%3A+The+Life+and+Films+of+George+Lucas&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-306-80904-4&rft.aulast=Pollock&rft.aufirst=Dale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRinzler2008" class="citation book cs1">Rinzler, J.W. (2008). The Making of Star Wars: The Definitive Story Behind the Original Film (2008 ed.). Ebury Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-09-192499-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-09-192499-7"><bdi>978-0-09-192499-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+Star+Wars%3A+The+Definitive+Story+Behind+the+Original+Film&rft.edition=2008&rft.pub=Ebury+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-09-192499-7&rft.aulast=Rinzler&rft.aufirst=J.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2014a" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Chris (2014a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howstarwarsconqu0000tayl/">How Star Wars Conquered the Universe: The Past, Present, and Future of a Multibillion Dollar Franchise</a>. <a href="/wiki/Basic_Books" title="Basic Books">Basic Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-784-97059-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-784-97059-8"><bdi>978-1-784-97059-8</bdi></a>. Retrieved July 31, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Star+Wars+Conquered+the+Universe%3A+The+Past%2C+Present%2C+and+Future+of+a+Multibillion+Dollar+Franchise&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-784-97059-8&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhowstarwarsconqu0000tayl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Books">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Paul Duncan (2020): The Star Wars Archives. 1977–1983, Taschen GmbH; Anniversary edition, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3836581172" title="Special:BookSources/978-3836581172">978-3836581172</a></li> <li>George Lucas (Alan Dean Foster), Donald F. Glut & James Kahn (2017): Star Wars: Original Trilogy (<a href="/wiki/Novelization" title="Novelization">Novelizations</a>), Arrow, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1784759384" title="Special:BookSources/978-1784759384">978-1784759384</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBailey2005" class="citation book cs1">Bailey, T. J. (2005). Devising a Dream: A Book of Star Wars Facts and Production Timeline. Louisville, KY: Wasteland Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-933265-55-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-933265-55-8"><bdi>1-933265-55-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Devising+a+Dream%3A+A+Book+of+Star+Wars+Facts+and+Production+Timeline&rft.place=Louisville%2C+KY&rft.pub=Wasteland+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-933265-55-8&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=T.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlackman2004" class="citation book cs1">Blackman, W. Haden (2004). The New Essential Guide to Weapons and Technology, Revised Edition (Star Wars). New York: Del Rey. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-345-44903-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-345-44903-7"><bdi>0-345-44903-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Essential+Guide+to+Weapons+and+Technology%2C+Revised+Edition+%28Star+Wars%29&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Del+Rey&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-345-44903-7&rft.aulast=Blackman&rft.aufirst=W.+Haden&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Eagan, Daniel (2010). "Star Wars", America's Film Legacy: The Authoritative Guide to the Landmark Movies in the National Film Registry, pp. 740–741. A&C Black. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0826429777" title="Special:BookSources/0826429777">0826429777</a>.</li> <li>Galipeau, Steven A. (2001). The Journey of Luke Skywalker: An Analysis of Modern Myth and Symbol, Open Court, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0812694321" title="Special:BookSources/978-0812694321">978-0812694321</a></li> <li>Grimes, Caleb; Winship, George (2006). "Episode IV: A New Hope". Star Wars Jesus: A spiritual commentary on the reality of the Force. WinePress Publishing. ISBN 1579218849.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSansweet1992" class="citation book cs1">Sansweet, Stephen (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/starwarsfromconc0000sans">Star Wars: From Concept to Screen to Collectible</a>. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8118-0101-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8118-0101-2"><bdi>0-8118-0101-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Star+Wars%3A+From+Concept+to+Screen+to+Collectible&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pub=Chronicle+Books&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-8118-0101-2&rft.aulast=Sansweet&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstarwarsfromconc0000sans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestfahl2000" class="citation book cs1">Westfahl, Gary (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cLbvA_WyBRMC">Space and Beyond: The Frontier Theme in Science Fiction</a>. California: Greenwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30846-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30846-8"><bdi>978-0-313-30846-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Space+and+Beyond%3A+The+Frontier+Theme+in+Science+Fiction&rft.place=California&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-313-30846-8&rft.aulast=Westfahl&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcLbvA_WyBRMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Other">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolub2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Holub, Christian (December 17, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ew.com/article/2015/12/17/original-star-wars-reviews/">"'Star Wars' reviews: What critics thought of the 1977 film when it was first released"</a>. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved August 17, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entertainment+Weekly&rft.atitle=%27Star+Wars%27+reviews%3A+What+critics+thought+of+the+1977+film+when+it+was+first+released&rft.date=2015-12-17&rft.aulast=Holub&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Few.com%2Farticle%2F2015%2F12%2F17%2Foriginal-star-wars-reviews%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaporito2015" class="citation web cs1">Saporito, Jeff (November 11, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181118100506/http://screenprism.com/insights/article/was-star-wars-episode-iv-a-new-hope-originally-released-under-another-title">"Why was "Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope" originally released under another title?"</a>. Screen Prism. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://screenprism.com/insights/article/was-star-wars-episode-iv-a-new-hope-originally-released-under-another-title">the original</a> on November 18, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Screen+Prism&rft.atitle=Why+was+%22Star+Wars+Episode+IV%3A+A+New+Hope%22+originally+released+under+another+title%3F&rft.date=2015-11-11&rft.aulast=Saporito&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscreenprism.com%2Finsights%2Farticle%2Fwas-star-wars-episode-iv-a-new-hope-originally-released-under-another-title&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Wars+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Zoller_Seitz" title="Matt Zoller Seitz">Seitz, Matt Zoller</a> (200). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/static/programs/national-film-preservation-board/documents/star_wars.pdf">Star Wars</a>", The A List: The National Society of Film Critics' 100 Essential Films — via <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Registry" title="National Film Registry">National Film Registry</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/reviews-recommendations/star-wars-episode-iv-new-hope-archive-1977-blockbuster">Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope archive review: a monumentally empty blockbuster</a> Sight & Sound. December 28, 2019.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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<a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_original_trilogy" title="Star Wars original trilogy">original trilogy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theatrical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Star Wars</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="The Empire Strikes Back">The Empire Strikes Back</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Return of the Jedi">Return of the Jedi</a> (1983)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Holiday_Special" title="Star Wars Holiday Special">Holiday Special</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caravan_of_Courage:_An_Ewok_Adventure" title="Caravan of Courage: An Ewok Adventure">Caravan of Courage</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewoks:_The_Battle_for_Endor" title="Ewoks: The Battle for Endor">The Battle for Endor</a> (1985)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_characters" title="List of Star Wars characters">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Admiral_Ackbar" title="Admiral Ackbar">Admiral Ackbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admiral_Piett" title="Admiral Piett">Admiral Piett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bib_Fortuna" title="Bib Fortuna">Bib Fortuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boba_Fett" title="Boba Fett">Boba Fett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-3PO" title="C-3PO">C-3PO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chewbacca" title="Chewbacca">Chewbacca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darth_Vader" title="Darth Vader">Darth Vader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R2-D2" title="R2-D2">R2-D2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Moff_Tarkin" title="Grand Moff Tarkin">Grand Moff Tarkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greedo" class="mw-redirect" title="Greedo">Greedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Solo" title="Han Solo">Han Solo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabba_the_Hutt" title="Jabba the Hutt">Jabba the Hutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lando_Calrissian" title="Lando Calrissian">Lando Calrissian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Leia" title="Princess Leia">Princess Leia Organa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_Skywalker" title="Luke Skywalker">Luke Skywalker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon_Mothma" title="Mon Mothma">Mon Mothma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obi-Wan_Kenobi" title="Obi-Wan Kenobi">Obi-Wan Kenobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palpatine" title="Palpatine">Emperor Palpatine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedge_Antilles" title="Wedge Antilles">Wedge Antilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoda" title="Yoda">Yoda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novelizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_From_the_Adventures_of_Luke_Skywalker" title="Star Wars: From the Adventures of Luke Skywalker">Star Wars: From the Adventures of Luke Skywalker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Empire_Strikes_Back_(novel)" title="The Empire Strikes Back (novel)">The Empire Strikes Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi_(novel)" title="Return of the Jedi (novel)">Return of the Jedi</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Related_novels" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Splinter_of_the_Mind%27s_Eye" title="Splinter of the Mind's Eye">Splinter of the Mind's Eye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soundtracks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(soundtrack)" title="Star Wars (soundtrack)">Star Wars</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(Main_Title)" title="Star Wars (Main Title)">Main Title</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Empire_Strikes_Back_(soundtrack)" title="The Empire Strikes Back (soundtrack)">The Empire Strikes Back</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Imperial_March" title="The Imperial March">The Imperial March</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi_(soundtrack)" title="Return of the Jedi (soundtrack)">Return of the Jedi</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Ewok_Celebration" class="mw-redirect" title="Ewok Celebration">Ewok Celebration</a>"</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_video_games" title="List of Star Wars video games">Video games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Episode IV</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(1983_video_game)" title="Star Wars (1983 video game)">Star Wars</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(1987_video_game)" title="Star Wars (1987 video game)">Star Wars</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(1991_video_game)" title="Star Wars (1991 video game)">Star Wars</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Star_Wars" title="Super Star Wars">Super Star Wars</a> (1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Episode V</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Empire_Strikes_Back_(1982_video_game)" title="Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back (1982 video game)">The Empire Strikes Back</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Empire_Strikes_Back_(1985_video_game)" title="Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back (1985 video game)">The Empire Strikes Back</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Empire_Strikes_Back_(1992_video_game)" title="Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back (1992 video game)">The Empire Strikes Back</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Star_Wars:_The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="Super Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back">Super Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back</a> (1993)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Episode VI</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi:_Death_Star_Battle" title="Return of the Jedi: Death Star Battle">Return of the Jedi: Death Star Battle</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Return_of_the_Jedi:_Ewok_Adventure" title="Star Wars: Return of the Jedi: Ewok Adventure">Return of the Jedi: Ewok Adventure</a> (cancelled)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Return_of_the_Jedi_(1984_video_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Star Wars: Return of the Jedi (1984 video game)">Return of the Jedi</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Star_Wars:_Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Super Star Wars: Return of the Jedi">Super Star Wars: Return of the Jedi</a> (1994)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Jedi_Arena" title="Star Wars: Jedi Arena">Jedi Arena</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Arcade" title="Star Wars Arcade">Star Wars Arcade</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Yoda_Stories" title="Star Wars: Yoda Stories">Yoda Stories</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Trilogy_Arcade" title="Star Wars Trilogy Arcade">Star Wars Trilogy Arcade</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Flight_of_the_Falcon" title="Star Wars: Flight of the Falcon">Flight of the Falcon</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Trilogy:_Apprentice_of_the_Force" title="Star Wars Trilogy: Apprentice of the Force">Star Wars Trilogy: Apprentice of the Force</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lego_Star_Wars_II:_The_Original_Trilogy" title="Lego Star Wars II: The Original Trilogy">Lego Star Wars II: The Original Trilogy</a> (2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Star_Wars" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Star_Wars" title="Template:Star Wars"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Star_Wars" title="Template talk:Star Wars"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Star_Wars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Star Wars"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Star_Wars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars" title="Star Wars">Star Wars</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_films" title="List of Star Wars films">Films</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Skywalker_Saga" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Skywalker Saga</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_original_trilogy" title="Star Wars original trilogy">Original trilogy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Star Wars</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="The Empire Strikes Back">The Empire Strikes Back</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Return of the Jedi">Return of the Jedi</a> (1983)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_prequel_trilogy" title="Star Wars prequel trilogy">Prequel trilogy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_I_%E2%80%93_The_Phantom_Menace" title="Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace">The Phantom Menace</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_II_%E2%80%93_Attack_of_the_Clones" title="Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones">Attack of the Clones</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_III_%E2%80%93_Revenge_of_the_Sith" title="Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith">Revenge of the Sith</a> (2005)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_sequel_trilogy" title="Star Wars sequel trilogy">Sequel trilogy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Force_Awakens" title="Star Wars: The Force Awakens">The Force Awakens</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Last_Jedi" title="Star Wars: The Last Jedi">The Last Jedi</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Rise_of_Skywalker" title="Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker">The Rise of Skywalker</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Animated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Clone_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars: The Clone Wars (film)">The Clone Wars</a> (2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_One" title="Rogue One">Rogue One</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solo:_A_Star_Wars_Story" title="Solo: A Star Wars Story">Solo</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mandalorian_%26_Grogu" title="The Mandalorian & Grogu">The Mandalorian & Grogu</a> (2026)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Holiday_Special" title="Star Wars Holiday Special">Holiday Special</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caravan_of_Courage:_An_Ewok_Adventure" title="Caravan of Courage: An Ewok Adventure">The Ewok Adventure</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewoks:_The_Battle_for_Endor" title="Ewoks: The Battle for Endor">Ewoks: The Battle for Endor</a> (1985)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_television_series" title="List of Star Wars television series">Television series</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Animated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Droids" title="Star Wars: Droids">Droids</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewoks_(TV_series)" title="Ewoks (TV series)">Ewoks</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Clone_Wars_(2003_TV_series)" title="Star Wars: Clone Wars (2003 TV series)">Clone Wars</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Clone_Wars_(2008_TV_series)" title="Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV series)">The Clone Wars</a> (2008) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars:_The_Clone_Wars_episodes" title="List of Star Wars: The Clone Wars episodes">episodes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Detours" title="Star Wars Detours">Detours</a> (unaired)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Rebels" title="Star Wars Rebels">Rebels</a> (2014) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_Rebels_episodes" title="List of Star Wars Rebels episodes">episodes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Forces_of_Destiny" title="Star Wars Forces of Destiny">Forces of Destiny</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Resistance" title="Star Wars Resistance">Resistance</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Bad_Batch" title="Star Wars: The Bad Batch">The Bad Batch</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Visions" title="Star Wars: Visions">Visions</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Tales" class="mw-redirect" title="Star Wars: Tales">Tales</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Young_Jedi_Adventures" title="Star Wars: Young Jedi Adventures">Young Jedi Adventures</a> (2023) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars:_Young_Jedi_Adventures_episodes" title="List of Star Wars: Young Jedi Adventures episodes">episodes</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Live-action</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Mandalorian" title="The Mandalorian">The Mandalorian</a> (2019) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Mandalorian_season_1" title="The Mandalorian season 1">season 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mandalorian_season_2" title="The Mandalorian season 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mandalorian_season_3" title="The Mandalorian season 3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Boba_Fett" title="The Book of Boba Fett">The Book of Boba Fett</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obi-Wan_Kenobi_(miniseries)" title="Obi-Wan Kenobi (miniseries)">Obi-Wan Kenobi</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andor_(TV_series)" title="Andor (TV series)">Andor</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahsoka_(TV_series)" title="Ahsoka (TV series)">Ahsoka</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Acolyte_(TV_series)" title="The Acolyte (TV series)">The Acolyte</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Skeleton_Crew" title="Star Wars: Skeleton Crew">Skeleton Crew</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_characters" title="List of Star Wars characters">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_Rebels_characters" title="List of Star Wars Rebels characters">Rebels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Mandalorian_characters" title="List of The Mandalorian characters">The Mandalorian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Book_of_Boba_Fett_characters" title="List of The Book of Boba Fett characters">The Book of Boba Fett</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_Legends_characters" title="List of Star Wars Legends characters">Legends</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Characters_of_the_Star_Wars:_Knights_of_the_Old_Republic_series" title="Characters of the Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic series">Knights of the Old Republic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Star_Wars" title="Music of Star Wars">Music and audio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Audio dramas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_Star_Wars" title="The Story of Star Wars">The Story of Star Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_books" title="List of Star Wars books">Audio novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(radio_series)" title="Star Wars (radio series)">Radio dramatizations of the films</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Compositions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(Main_Title)" title="Star Wars (Main Title)">Main Title</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Imperial_March" title="The Imperial March">The Imperial March</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi_(soundtrack)" title="Return of the Jedi (soundtrack)">Ewok Celebration</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Duel_of_the_Fates" title="Duel of the Fates">Duel of the Fates</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Theme/Cantina_Band" title="Star Wars Theme/Cantina Band">Star Wars Theme/Cantina Band</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Soundtracks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(soundtrack)" title="Star Wars (soundtrack)">Star Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Empire_Strikes_Back_(soundtrack)" title="The Empire Strikes Back (soundtrack)">The Empire Strikes Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi_(soundtrack)" title="Return of the Jedi (soundtrack)">Return of the Jedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewoks_(soundtrack)" title="Ewoks (soundtrack)">Ewoks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_I_%E2%80%93_The_Phantom_Menace_(soundtrack)" title="Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace (soundtrack)">The Phantom Menace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_II_%E2%80%93_Attack_of_the_Clones_(soundtrack)" title="Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones (soundtrack)">Attack of the Clones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_III_%E2%80%93_Revenge_of_the_Sith_(soundtrack)" title="Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (soundtrack)">Revenge of the Sith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Clone_Wars_(film)#Soundtrack" title="Star Wars: The Clone Wars (film)">The Clone Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Force_Awakens_(soundtrack)" title="Star Wars: The Force Awakens (soundtrack)">The Force Awakens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_One_(soundtrack)" title="Rogue One (soundtrack)">Rogue One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Last_Jedi_(soundtrack)" title="Star Wars: The Last Jedi (soundtrack)">The Last Jedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solo:_A_Star_Wars_Story_(soundtrack)" title="Solo: A Star Wars Story (soundtrack)">Solo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Rise_of_Skywalker_(soundtrack)" title="Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker (soundtrack)">The Rise of Skywalker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obi-Wan_Kenobi_(soundtrack)" title="Obi-Wan Kenobi (soundtrack)">Obi-Wan Kenobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andor_(soundtrack)" title="Andor (soundtrack)">Andor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_in_other_media" title="Star Wars in other media">Other media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_theme_parks_attractions" title="List of Star Wars theme parks attractions">Attractions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_A_Galactic_Spectacular" title="Star Wars: A Galactic Spectacular">A Galactic Spectacular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jedi_Training:_Trials_of_the_Temple" title="Jedi Training: Trials of the Temple">Jedi Training: Trials of the Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Tours" title="Star Tours">Star Tours</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Tours_%E2%80%93_The_Adventures_Continue" title="Star Tours – The Adventures Continue">The Adventures Continue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Path_of_the_Jedi" title="Star Wars: Path of the Jedi">Path of Jedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Galaxy%27s_Edge" title="Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge">Galaxy's Edge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Millennium_Falcon_%E2%80%93_Smugglers_Run" title="Star Wars: Millennium Falcon – Smugglers Run">Millennium Falcon – Smugglers Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Rise_of_the_Resistance" title="Star Wars: Rise of the Resistance">Rise of the Resistance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Galactic_Starcruiser" title="Star Wars: Galactic Starcruiser">Galactic Starcruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Hyperspace_Mountain" title="Star Wars Hyperspace Mountain">Hyperspace Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Launch_Bay" title="Star Wars Launch Bay">Launch Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Weekends" title="Star Wars Weekends">Star Wars Weekends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Where_Science_Meets_Imagination" title="Star Wars: Where Science Meets Imagination">Where Science Meets Imagination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Celebration" title="Star Wars Celebration">Star Wars Celebration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_In_Concert" title="Star Wars: In Concert">In Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney_Wish" title="Disney Wish">Hyperspace Lounge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Star_Wars_documentaries" title="Category:Star Wars documentaries">Documentaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Making_of_Star_Wars" title="The Making of Star Wars">The Making of Star Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SP_FX:_The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="SP FX: The Empire Strikes Back">SP FX: The Empire Strikes Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Creatures:_Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Classic Creatures: Return of the Jedi">Classic Creatures: Return of the Jedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/From_Star_Wars_to_Jedi:_The_Making_of_a_Saga" title="From Star Wars to Jedi: The Making of a Saga">From Star Wars to Jedi: The Making of a Saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Dreams:_The_Story_of_the_Star_Wars_Trilogy" title="Empire of Dreams: The Story of the Star Wars Trilogy">Empire of Dreams: The Story of the Star Wars Trilogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_of_Star_Wars_(miniseries)" title="Science of Star Wars (miniseries)">Science of Star Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Legacy_Revealed" title="Star Wars: The Legacy Revealed">The Legacy Revealed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Tech" title="Star Wars Tech">Star Wars Tech</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Lego_Star_Wars" title="Lego Star Wars">Lego</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lego_Star_Wars:_Droid_Tales" title="Lego Star Wars: Droid Tales">Droid Tales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lego_Star_Wars:_The_Resistance_Rises" title="Lego Star Wars: The Resistance Rises">The Resistance Rises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lego_Star_Wars:_The_Freemaker_Adventures" title="Lego Star Wars: The Freemaker Adventures">The Freemaker Adventures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lego_Star_Wars:_Rebuild_the_Galaxy" title="Lego Star Wars: Rebuild the Galaxy">Rebuild the Galaxy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Merchandise</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Action figures <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenner_Star_Wars_action_figures" title="Kenner Star Wars action figures">Kenner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kenner_Star_Wars_action_figures" title="List of Kenner Star Wars action figures">list</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hasbro <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Vintage_Collection" title="Star Wars: The Vintage Collection">Vintage Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Transformers" title="Star Wars Transformers">Transformers</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Pez" title="Star Wars Pez">Pez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Force_Trainer" title="Force Trainer">Force Trainer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepperton_Design_Studios" title="Shepperton Design Studios">Shepperton Design Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_trading_card" title="Star Wars trading card">Trading cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinylmation" title="Vinylmation">Vinylmation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_video_games" title="Star Wars video games">Video games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_video_games" title="List of Star Wars video games">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_books" title="List of Star Wars books">Books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_reference_books" title="List of Star Wars reference books">reference books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Insider" title="Star Wars Insider">Star Wars Insider</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_comics" title="Star Wars comics">Comics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_comic_books" title="List of Star Wars comic books">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(manga)" title="Star Wars (manga)">manga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_in_other_media" title="Star Wars in other media">Legends</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_Legends_characters" title="List of Star Wars Legends characters">characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrawn_trilogy" title="Thrawn trilogy">Thrawn trilogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Shadows_of_the_Empire" title="Star Wars: Shadows of the Empire">Shadows of the Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Galaxies" title="Star Wars Galaxies">Galaxies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Knights_of_the_Old_Republic" title="Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic">Knights of the Old Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Force_Unleashed" title="Star Wars: The Force Unleashed">The Force Unleashed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Old_Republic" title="Star Wars: The Old Republic">The Old Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_High_Republic" title="Star Wars: The High Republic">The High Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucasfilm" title="Lucasfilm">Lucasfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Star_Wars_actors" title="Lists of Star Wars actors">Cast</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_film_actors" title="List of Star Wars film actors">film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_television_series_actors" title="List of Star Wars television series actors">television series</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changes_in_Star_Wars_re-releases" title="Changes in Star Wars re-releases">Changes in film re-releases</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han_shot_first" title="Han shot first">Han shot first</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_filming_locations" title="List of Star Wars filming locations">Filming locations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_opening_crawl" title="Star Wars opening crawl">Opening crawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_artists" title="List of Star Wars artists">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_sources_and_analogues" title="Star Wars sources and analogues">Sources and analogues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Star_Trek_and_Star_Wars" title="Comparison of Star Trek and Star Wars">comparison to Star Trek</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_Star_Wars_films" title="List of accolades received by Star Wars films">Accolades</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_Star_Wars:_The_Force_Awakens" title="List of accolades received by Star Wars: The Force Awakens">The Force Awakens</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_effects_of_The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="Special effects of The Empire Strikes Back">Special effects of The Empire Strikes Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Duel_of_the_Fates" title="Star Wars: Duel of the Fates">Duel of the Fates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_%26_Magic_(TV_series)" title="Light & Magic (TV series)">Light & Magic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_impact_of_Star_Wars" title="Cultural impact of Star Wars">Cultural impact</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_impact_of_Star_Wars#Fandom,_fan_films_and_fan_edits" title="Cultural impact of Star Wars">Star Wars fandom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/501st_Legion" title="501st Legion">501st Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebel_Legion" title="Rebel Legion">Rebel Legion</a></li></ul></li> <li>Religion <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intergalactic_Krewe_of_Chewbacchus" title="Intergalactic Krewe of Chewbacchus">Chewbacchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jediism" title="Jediism">Jediism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jedi_census_phenomenon" title="Jedi census phenomenon">Jedi census phenomenon</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Day" title="Star Wars Day">Star Wars Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_and_Other_Galactic_Funk" title="Star Wars and Other Galactic Funk">Star Wars and Other Galactic Funk</a></li> <li>Fan websites <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wookieepedia" title="Wookieepedia">Wookieepedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TheForce.Net" title="TheForce.Net">TheForce.Net</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaceballs" title="Spaceballs">Spaceballs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Force_for_Change" title="Star Wars: Force for Change">Force for Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chewbacca_defense" title="Chewbacca defense">Chewbacca defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoda_conditions" title="Yoda conditions">Yoda conditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_Star_(business)" title="Death Star (business)">Death Star (business)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiative" title="Strategic Defense Initiative">Strategic Defense Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organisms_named_after_the_Star_Wars_series" title="List of organisms named after the Star Wars series">List of organisms named after the Star Wars series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Robot_Chicken_episodes#Specials" title="List of Robot Chicken episodes">Robot Chicken: Star Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laugh_It_Up,_Fuzzball:_The_Family_Guy_Trilogy" title="Laugh It Up, Fuzzball: The Family Guy Trilogy">The Family Guy Trilogy</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Saga_Begins" title="The Saga Begins">The Saga Begins</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Janitors" title="Space Janitors">Space Janitors</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="The_Simpsons_Disney+_shorts" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_Disney%2B_shorts" title="The Simpsons Disney+ shorts">The Simpsons Disney+ shorts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Force_Awakens_from_Its_Nap" title="The Force Awakens from Its Nap">The Force Awakens from Its Nap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_Not_Quite_One" title="Rogue Not Quite One">Rogue Not Quite One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_the_12th_Be_with_You" title="May the 12th Be with You">May the 12th Be with You</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Star_Wars" title="Category:Star Wars">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="George_Lucas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:George_Lucas" title="Template:George Lucas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:George_Lucas" title="Template talk:George Lucas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:George_Lucas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:George Lucas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="George_Lucas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Lucas_filmography" title="George Lucas filmography">Filmography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lucas_bibliography" title="George Lucas bibliography">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_George_Lucas" title="List of awards and nominations received by George Lucas">Awards and nominations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films directed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Feature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/THX_1138" title="THX 1138">THX 1138</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Graffiti" title="American Graffiti">American Graffiti</a> (1973)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Star Wars</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_I_%E2%80%93_The_Phantom_Menace" title="Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace">Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_II_%E2%80%93_Attack_of_the_Clones" title="Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones">Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_III_%E2%80%93_Revenge_of_the_Sith" title="Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith">Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith</a> (2005)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Look_at_Life_(film)" title="Look at Life (film)">Look at Life</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbie_(film)" title="Herbie (film)">Herbie</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freiheit_(film)" title="Freiheit (film)">Freiheit</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1:42.08" title="1:42.08">1:42.08</a> (1966, documentary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyone_Lived_in_a_Pretty_How_Town_(film)" title="Anyone Lived in a Pretty How Town (film)">Anyone Lived in a Pretty How Town</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Emperor_(film)" title="The Emperor (film)">The Emperor</a> (1967, documentary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Labyrinth:_THX_1138_4EB" title="Electronic Labyrinth: THX 1138 4EB">Electronic Labyrinth: THX 1138 4EB</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/6-18-67" title="6-18-67">6-18-67</a> (1967, documentary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmmaker_(film)" title="Filmmaker (film)">Filmmaker</a> (1968, documentary)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films written</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="The Empire Strikes Back">The Empire Strikes Back</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raiders_of_the_Lost_Ark" title="Raiders of the Lost Ark">Raiders of the Lost Ark</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Return of the Jedi">Return of the Jedi</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Temple_of_Doom" title="Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom">Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caravan_of_Courage:_An_Ewok_Adventure" title="Caravan of Courage: An Ewok Adventure">The Ewok Adventure</a> (1984, TV film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewoks:_The_Battle_for_Endor" title="Ewoks: The Battle for Endor">Ewoks: The Battle for Endor</a> (1985, TV film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_EO" title="Captain EO">Captain EO</a> (1986, short attraction)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow_(1988_film)" title="Willow (1988 film)">Willow</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Last_Crusade" title="Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade">Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioland_Murders" title="Radioland Murders">Radioland Murders</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Kingdom_of_the_Crystal_Skull" title="Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull">Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strange_Magic_(film)" title="Strange Magic (film)">Strange Magic</a> (2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV series created</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Young_Indiana_Jones_Chronicles" title="The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles">The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles</a> (1992–96 / 1999–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Clone_Wars_(2008_TV_series)" title="Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV series)">Star Wars: The Clone Wars</a> (2008–14; 2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Detours" title="Star Wars Detours">Star Wars Detours</a> (unaired)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books written</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_From_the_Adventures_of_Luke_Skywalker" title="Star Wars: From the Adventures of Luke Skywalker">Star Wars: From the Adventures of Luke Skywalker</a> (1976, credit only)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Moon" title="Shadow Moon">Shadow Moon</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Dawn" title="Shadow Dawn">Shadow Dawn</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Star_(novel)" title="Shadow Star (novel)">Shadow Star</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Franchises created</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars" title="Star Wars">Star Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones" title="Indiana Jones">Indiana Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow_(franchise)" class="mw-redirect" title="Willow (franchise)">Willow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bald:_The_Making_of_THX_1138" title="Bald: The Making of THX 1138">Bald: The Making of THX 1138</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_%26_Magic_(TV_series)" title="Light & Magic (TV series)">Light & Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Zoetrope" title="American Zoetrope">American Zoetrope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucasfilm" title="Lucasfilm">Lucasfilm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Light_%26_Magic" title="Industrial Light & Magic">ILM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LucasArts" class="mw-redirect" title="LucasArts">LucasArts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucasfilm_Animation" title="Lucasfilm Animation">Lucasfilm Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skywalker_Sound" title="Skywalker Sound">Skywalker Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixar" title="Pixar">Pixar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucas_Museum_of_Narrative_Art" title="Lucas Museum of Narrative Art">Lucas Museum of Narrative Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skywalker_Ranch" title="Skywalker Ranch">Skywalker Ranch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Star_Wars_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="The Star Wars Corporation">The Star Wars Corporation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THX" title="THX">THX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edutopia" title="Edutopia">Edutopia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lucasfilm" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lucasfilm" title="Template:Lucasfilm"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lucasfilm" title="Template talk:Lucasfilm"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lucasfilm" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lucasfilm"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lucasfilm" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lucasfilm" title="Lucasfilm">Lucasfilm</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>A subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Studios_(division)" title="Walt Disney Studios (division)">Walt Disney Studios</a>, a division of <a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">The Walt Disney Company</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lucasfilm_productions" title="List of Lucasfilm productions">Productions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Graffiti" title="American Graffiti">American Graffiti</a> (1973)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Star Wars</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/More_American_Graffiti" title="More American Graffiti">More American Graffiti</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="The Empire Strikes Back">The Empire Strikes Back</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raiders_of_the_Lost_Ark" title="Raiders of the Lost Ark">Raiders of the Lost Ark</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Return of the Jedi">Return of the Jedi</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twice_Upon_a_Time_(1983_film)" title="Twice Upon a Time (1983 film)">Twice Upon a Time</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Temple_of_Doom" title="Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom">Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latino_(film)" title="Latino (film)">Latino</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishima:_A_Life_in_Four_Chapters" title="Mishima: A Life in Four Chapters">Mishima: A Life in Four Chapters</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labyrinth_(1986_film)" title="Labyrinth (1986 film)">Labyrinth</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_the_Duck_(film)" title="Howard the Duck (film)">Howard the Duck</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucker:_The_Man_and_His_Dream" title="Tucker: The Man and His Dream">Tucker: The Man and His Dream</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow_(1988_film)" title="Willow (1988 film)">Willow</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Land_Before_Time_(film)" title="The Land Before Time (film)">The Land Before Time</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Last_Crusade" title="Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade">Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioland_Murders" title="Radioland Murders">Radioland Murders</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_I_%E2%80%93_The_Phantom_Menace" title="Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace">Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_II_%E2%80%93_Attack_of_the_Clones" title="Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones">Episode II – Attack of the Clones</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_III_%E2%80%93_Revenge_of_the_Sith" title="Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith">Episode III – Revenge of the Sith</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Kingdom_of_the_Crystal_Skull" title="Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull">Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Clone_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars: The Clone Wars (film)">Star Wars: The Clone Wars</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Tails" title="Red Tails">Red Tails</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strange_Magic_(film)" title="Strange Magic (film)">Strange Magic</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Force_Awakens" title="Star Wars: The Force Awakens">Star Wars: The Force Awakens</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_One" title="Rogue One">Rogue One: A Star Wars Story</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Last_Jedi" title="Star Wars: The Last Jedi">Star Wars: The Last Jedi</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solo:_A_Star_Wars_Story" title="Solo: A Star Wars Story">Solo: A Star Wars Story</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Rise_of_Skywalker" title="Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker">Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Dial_of_Destiny" title="Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny">Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mandalorian_%26_Grogu" title="The Mandalorian & Grogu">The Mandalorian & Grogu</a> (2026)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Unproduced" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unproduced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Duel_of_the_Fates" title="Star Wars: Duel of the Fates">Star Wars: Duel of the Fates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Droids" title="Star Wars: Droids">Star Wars: Droids</a> (1985–86)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewoks_(TV_series)" title="Ewoks (TV series)">Ewoks</a> (1985–86)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maniac_Mansion_(TV_series)" title="Maniac Mansion (TV series)">Maniac Mansion</a> (1990–93)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Young_Indiana_Jones_Chronicles" title="The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles">The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles</a> (1992–96)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Clone_Wars_(2003_TV_series)" title="Star Wars: Clone Wars (2003 TV series)">Star Wars: Clone Wars</a> (2003–05)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Clone_Wars_(2008_TV_series)" title="Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV series)">The Clone Wars</a> (2008–20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Rebels" title="Star Wars Rebels">Rebels</a> (2014–18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lego_Star_Wars:_The_Freemaker_Adventures" title="Lego Star Wars: The Freemaker Adventures">Lego Star Wars: The Freemaker Adventures</a> (2016–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Forces_of_Destiny" title="Star Wars Forces of Destiny">Star Wars Forces of Destiny</a> (2017–18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Resistance" title="Star Wars Resistance">Resistance</a> (2018–20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mandalorian" title="The Mandalorian">The Mandalorian</a> (2019–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Visions" title="Star Wars: Visions">Visions</a> (2021–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Boba_Fett" title="The Book of Boba Fett">The Book of Boba Fett</a> (2021–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Bad_Batch" title="Star Wars: The Bad Batch">Star Wars: The Bad Batch</a> (2021–2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obi-Wan_Kenobi_(miniseries)" title="Obi-Wan Kenobi (miniseries)">Obi-Wan Kenobi</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_%26_Magic_(TV_series)" title="Light & Magic (TV series)">Light & Magic</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andor_(TV_series)" title="Andor (TV series)">Andor</a> (2022–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Tales" class="mw-redirect" title="Star Wars: Tales">Star Wars: Tales</a> (2022–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow_(TV_series)" title="Willow (TV series)">Willow</a> (2022–23)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Young_Jedi_Adventures" title="Star Wars: Young Jedi Adventures">Star Wars: Young Jedi Adventures</a> (2023–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahsoka_(TV_series)" title="Ahsoka (TV series)">Ahsoka</a> (2023–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Acolyte_(TV_series)" title="The Acolyte (TV series)">The Acolyte</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Skeleton_Crew" title="Star Wars: Skeleton Crew">Skeleton Crew</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Unaired" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unaired</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Detours" title="Star Wars Detours">Star Wars Detours</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caravan_of_Courage:_An_Ewok_Adventure" title="Caravan of Courage: An Ewok Adventure">Caravan of Courage: An Ewok Adventure</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewoks:_The_Battle_for_Endor" title="Ewoks: The Battle for Endor">Ewoks: The Battle for Endor</a> (1985)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theme park films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captain_EO" title="Captain EO">Captain EO</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Tours" title="Star Tours">Star Tours</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExtraTERRORestrial_Alien_Encounter" class="mw-redirect" title="ExtraTERRORestrial Alien Encounter">ExtraTERRORestrial Alien Encounter</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Tours_%E2%80%93_The_Adventures_Continue" title="Star Tours – The Adventures Continue">Star Tours – The Adventures Continue</a> (2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Franchises</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars" title="Star Wars">Star Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones" title="Indiana Jones">Indiana Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow_(1988_film)#Other_media" title="Willow (1988 film)">Willow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Graffiti" title="American Graffiti">American Graffiti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related productions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/THX_1138" title="THX 1138">THX 1138</a> (1971)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Light_%26_Magic" title="Industrial Light & Magic">Industrial Light & Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skywalker_Sound" title="Skywalker Sound">Skywalker Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucasfilm_Animation" title="Lucasfilm Animation">Lucasfilm Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucasfilm_Games" title="Lucasfilm Games">Lucasfilm Games</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Former_divisions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>The Droid Works <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EditDroid" title="EditDroid">EditDroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SoundDroid" title="SoundDroid">SoundDroid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerner_Optical" title="Kerner Optical">Kerner Optical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixar" title="Pixar">Pixar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THX" title="THX">THX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a> (Founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Kennedy_(producer)" title="Kathleen Kennedy (producer)">Kathleen Kennedy</a> (President)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Roffman" title="Howard Roffman">Howard Roffman</a> (EVP, Franchise Management)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/StageCraft" title="StageCraft">StageCraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Seventh_Tower" title="The Seventh Tower">The Seventh Tower</a> (2000−01)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_Star_Wars" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_Star_Wars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Awards for Star Wars</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Academy_Award_for_Best_Visual_Effects" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Academy_Award_for_Best_Visual_Effects" title="Template:Academy Award for Best Visual Effects"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Academy_Award_for_Best_Visual_Effects" title="Template talk:Academy Award for Best Visual Effects"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Academy_Award_for_Best_Visual_Effects" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Academy Award for Best Visual Effects"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Academy_Award_for_Best_Visual_Effects" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Visual_Effects" title="Academy Award for Best Visual Effects">Academy Award for Best Visual Effects</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1963–1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Kosa_Jr." title="Emil Kosa Jr.">Emil Kosa Jr.</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_(1963_film)" title="Cleopatra (1963 film)">Cleopatra</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ellenshaw" title="Peter Ellenshaw">Peter Ellenshaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eustace_Lycett" title="Eustace Lycett">Eustace Lycett</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Luske" title="Hamilton Luske">Hamilton Luske</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mary_Poppins_(film)" title="Mary Poppins (film)">Mary Poppins</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stears" title="John Stears">John Stears</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thunderball_(film)" title="Thunderball (film)">Thunderball</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Cruickshank" title="Art Cruickshank">Art Cruickshank</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Voyage" title="Fantastic Voyage">Fantastic Voyage</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._B._Abbott" title="L. B. Abbott">L. B. Abbott</a> – <a href="/wiki/Doctor_Dolittle_(1967_film)" title="Doctor Dolittle (1967 film)">Doctor Dolittle</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a> – <a href="/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey" title="2001: A Space Odyssey">2001: A Space Odyssey</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robie_Robertson" title="Robie Robertson">Robie Robertson</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marooned_(1969_film)" title="Marooned (1969 film)">Marooned</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._D._Flowers" title="A. D. Flowers">A. D. Flowers</a> and <a href="/wiki/L._B._Abbott" title="L. B. Abbott">L. B. Abbott</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tora!_Tora!_Tora!" title="Tora! Tora! Tora!">Tora! Tora! Tora!</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Maley" title="Alan Maley">Alan Maley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eustace_Lycett" title="Eustace Lycett">Eustace Lycett</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Danny_Lee_(special_effects_artist)" title="Danny Lee (special effects artist)">Danny Lee</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bedknobs_and_Broomsticks" title="Bedknobs and Broomsticks">Bedknobs and Broomsticks</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._B._Abbott" title="L. B. Abbott">L. B. Abbott</a> and <a href="/wiki/A._D._Flowers" title="A. D. Flowers">A. D. Flowers</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Poseidon_Adventure_(1972_film)" title="The Poseidon Adventure (1972 film)">The Poseidon Adventure</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Brendel" title="Frank Brendel">Frank Brendel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glen_Robinson_(visual_effects)" title="Glen Robinson (visual effects)">Glen Robinson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Albert_Whitlock" title="Albert Whitlock">Albert Whitlock</a> – <a href="/wiki/Earthquake_(1974_film)" title="Earthquake (1974 film)">Earthquake</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Whitlock" title="Albert Whitlock">Albert Whitlock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glen_Robinson_(visual_effects)" title="Glen Robinson (visual effects)">Glen Robinson</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Hindenburg_(film)" title="The Hindenburg (film)">The Hindenburg</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rambaldi" title="Carlo Rambaldi">Carlo Rambaldi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glen_Robinson_(visual_effects)" title="Glen Robinson (visual effects)">Glen Robinson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Van_der_Veer" title="Frank Van der Veer">Frank Van der Veer</a> – <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(1976_film)" title="King Kong (1976 film)">King Kong</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stears" title="John Stears">John Stears</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Dykstra" title="John Dykstra">John Dykstra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Edlund" title="Richard Edlund">Richard Edlund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grant_McCune" title="Grant McCune">Grant McCune</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Blalack" title="Robert Blalack">Robert Blalack</a> – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Star Wars</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Bowie" title="Les Bowie">Les Bowie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colin_Chilvers" title="Colin Chilvers">Colin Chilvers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denys_Coop" title="Denys Coop">Denys Coop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roy_Field" title="Roy Field">Roy Field</a>, <a href="/wiki/Derek_Meddings" title="Derek Meddings">Derek Meddings</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zoran_Perisic_(visual_effects_artist)" title="Zoran Perisic (visual effects artist)">Zoran Perisic</a> – <a href="/wiki/Superman_(1978_film)" title="Superman (1978 film)">Superman</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._R._Giger" title="H. R. Giger">H. R. Giger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rambaldi" title="Carlo Rambaldi">Carlo Rambaldi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Johnson_(special_effects_artist)" title="Brian Johnson (special effects artist)">Brian Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nick_Allder" title="Nick Allder">Nick Allder</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Ayling" title="Dennis Ayling">Dennis Ayling</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alien_(film)" title="Alien (film)">Alien</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Johnson_(special_effects_artist)" title="Brian Johnson (special effects artist)">Brian Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Edlund" title="Richard Edlund">Richard Edlund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Nicholson" title="Bruce Nicholson">Bruce Nicholson</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="The Empire Strikes Back">The Empire Strikes Back</a> (1980)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1981–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Edlund" title="Richard Edlund">Richard Edlund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kit_West" title="Kit West">Kit West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Nicholson" title="Bruce Nicholson">Bruce Nicholson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Johnston" title="Joe Johnston">Joe Johnston</a> – <a href="/wiki/Raiders_of_the_Lost_Ark" title="Raiders of the Lost Ark">Raiders of the Lost Ark</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rambaldi" title="Carlo Rambaldi">Carlo Rambaldi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_F._Smith" title="Kenneth F. Smith">Kenneth F. Smith</a> – <a href="/wiki/E.T._the_Extra-Terrestrial" title="E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial">E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Edlund" title="Richard Edlund">Richard Edlund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ken_Ralston" title="Ken Ralston">Ken Ralston</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Phil_Tippett" title="Phil Tippett">Phil Tippett</a> – <a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Return of the Jedi">Return of the Jedi</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_J._McAlister" title="Michael J. McAlister">Michael J. McAlister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lorne_Peterson" title="Lorne Peterson">Lorne Peterson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/George_Gibbs_(special_effects_artist)" title="George Gibbs (special effects artist)">George Gibbs</a> – <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Temple_of_Doom" title="Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom">Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Ralston" title="Ken Ralston">Ken Ralston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_McQuarrie" title="Ralph McQuarrie">Ralph McQuarrie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scott_Farrar" title="Scott Farrar">Scott Farrar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/David_Berry_(special_effects_artist)" title="David Berry (special effects artist)">David Berry</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cocoon_(film)" title="Cocoon (film)">Cocoon</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Skotak" title="Robert Skotak">Robert Skotak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stan_Winston" title="Stan Winston">Stan Winston</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Richardson_(special_effects_designer)" title="John Richardson (special effects designer)">John Richardson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Suzanne_M._Benson" title="Suzanne M. Benson">Suzanne M. Benson</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aliens_(film)" title="Aliens (film)">Aliens</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_George_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Bill George (visual effects supervisor)">Bill George</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harley_Jessup" title="Harley Jessup">Harley Jessup</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_F._Smith" title="Kenneth F. Smith">Kenneth F. Smith</a> - <a href="/wiki/Innerspace" title="Innerspace">Innerspace</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Ralston" title="Ken Ralston">Ken Ralston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Williams_(animator)" title="Richard Williams (animator)">Richard Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Jones_(visual_effects_artist)" title="Edward Jones (visual effects artist)">Edward Jones</a>, and <a href="/wiki/George_Gibbs_(special_effects_artist)" title="George Gibbs (special effects artist)">George Gibbs</a> – <a href="/wiki/Who_Framed_Roger_Rabbit" title="Who Framed Roger Rabbit">Who Framed Roger Rabbit</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bruno_(special_effects)" title="John Bruno (special effects)">John Bruno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hoyt_Yeatman" title="Hoyt Yeatman">Hoyt Yeatman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Skotak" title="Dennis Skotak">Dennis Skotak</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Abyss" title="The Abyss">The Abyss</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Brevig" title="Eric Brevig">Eric Brevig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rob_Bottin" title="Rob Bottin">Rob Bottin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_McGovern" title="Tim McGovern">Tim McGovern</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alex_Funke" title="Alex Funke">Alex Funke</a> – <a href="/wiki/Total_Recall_(1990_film)" title="Total Recall (1990 film)">Total Recall</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stan_Winston" title="Stan Winston">Stan Winston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gene_Warren_Jr." title="Gene Warren Jr.">Gene Warren Jr.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Skotak" title="Robert Skotak">Robert Skotak</a> – <a href="/wiki/Terminator_2:_Judgment_Day" title="Terminator 2: Judgment Day">Terminator 2: Judgment Day</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Ralston" title="Ken Ralston">Ken Ralston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doug_Chiang" title="Doug Chiang">Doug Chiang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Smythe" title="Douglas Smythe">Douglas Smythe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tom_Woodruff_Jr." title="Tom Woodruff Jr.">Tom Woodruff Jr.</a> – <a href="/wiki/Death_Becomes_Her" title="Death Becomes Her">Death Becomes Her</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stan_Winston" title="Stan Winston">Stan Winston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phil_Tippett" title="Phil Tippett">Phil Tippett</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Lantieri" title="Michael Lantieri">Michael Lantieri</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(film)" title="Jurassic Park (film)">Jurassic Park</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Ralston" title="Ken Ralston">Ken Ralston</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Murphy_(special_effects_artist)" title="George Murphy (special effects artist)">George Murphy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Rosenbaum" title="Stephen Rosenbaum">Stephen Rosenbaum</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Allen_Hall_(special_effects_artist)" title="Allen Hall (special effects artist)">Allen Hall</a> – <a href="/wiki/Forrest_Gump" title="Forrest Gump">Forrest Gump</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_E._Anderson" title="Scott E. Anderson">Scott E. Anderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Gibson_(special_effects_artist)" title="Charles Gibson (special effects artist)">Charles Gibson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neal_Scanlan" title="Neal Scanlan">Neal Scanlan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Cox_(special_effects_artist)" title="John Cox (special effects artist)">John Cox</a> – <a href="/wiki/Babe_(film)" title="Babe (film)">Babe</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volker_Engel" title="Volker Engel">Volker Engel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Smith_(special_effects_artist)" title="Douglas Smith (special effects artist)">Douglas Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clay_Pinney" title="Clay Pinney">Clay Pinney</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Viskocil" title="Joe Viskocil">Joe Viskocil</a> – <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(1996_film)" title="Independence Day (1996 film)">Independence Day</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Legato" title="Robert Legato">Robert Legato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Lasoff" title="Mark Lasoff">Mark Lasoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_L._Fisher" title="Thomas L. Fisher">Thomas L. Fisher</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kanfer" title="Michael Kanfer">Michael Kanfer</a> – <a href="/wiki/Titanic_(1997_film)" title="Titanic (1997 film)">Titanic</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Hynek" title="Joel Hynek">Joel Hynek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Brooks_(special_effects_artist)" title="Nicholas Brooks (special effects artist)">Nicholas Brooks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Robertson_(visual_effects_artist)" title="Stuart Robertson (visual effects artist)">Stuart Robertson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Mack_(visual_effects_artist)" title="Kevin Mack (visual effects artist)">Kevin Mack</a> – <a href="/wiki/What_Dreams_May_Come_(film)" title="What Dreams May Come (film)">What Dreams May Come</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gaeta" title="John Gaeta">John Gaeta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Janek_Sirrs" title="Janek Sirrs">Janek Sirrs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Courtley" title="Steve Courtley">Steve Courtley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jon_Thum" title="Jon Thum">Jon Thum</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Matrix" title="The Matrix">The Matrix</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nelson_(visual_effects_artist)" title="John Nelson (visual effects artist)">John Nelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neil_Corbould" title="Neil Corbould">Neil Corbould</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Burke_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Tim Burke (visual effects supervisor)">Tim Burke</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rob_Harvey_(special_effects_artist)" title="Rob Harvey (special effects artist)">Rob Harvey</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gladiator_(2000_film)" title="Gladiator (2000 film)">Gladiator</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2001–2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Rygiel" title="Jim Rygiel">Jim Rygiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randall_William_Cook" title="Randall William Cook">Randall William Cook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(filmmaker)" title="Richard Taylor (filmmaker)">Richard Taylor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Stetson" title="Mark Stetson">Mark Stetson</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring">The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Rygiel" title="Jim Rygiel">Jim Rygiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Letteri" title="Joe Letteri">Joe Letteri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randall_William_Cook" title="Randall William Cook">Randall William Cook</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alex_Funke" title="Alex Funke">Alex Funke</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers">The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Rygiel" title="Jim Rygiel">Jim Rygiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Letteri" title="Joe Letteri">Joe Letteri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randall_William_Cook" title="Randall William Cook">Randall William Cook</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alex_Funke" title="Alex Funke">Alex Funke</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King">The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dykstra" title="John Dykstra">John Dykstra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scott_Stokdyk" title="Scott Stokdyk">Scott Stokdyk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_LaMolinara" title="Anthony LaMolinara">Anthony LaMolinara</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Frazier" title="John Frazier">John Frazier</a> – <a href="/wiki/Spider-Man_2" title="Spider-Man 2">Spider-Man 2</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Letteri" title="Joe Letteri">Joe Letteri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Van%27t_Hul" title="Brian Van't Hul">Brian Van't Hul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_Rivers" title="Christian Rivers">Christian Rivers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(filmmaker)" title="Richard Taylor (filmmaker)">Richard Taylor</a> – <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(2005_film)" title="King Kong (2005 film)">King Kong</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Knoll" title="John Knoll">John Knoll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hal_Hickel" title="Hal Hickel">Hal Hickel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Gibson_(special_effects_artist)" title="Charles Gibson (special effects artist)">Charles Gibson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Allen_Hall_(special_effects_artist)" title="Allen Hall (special effects artist)">Allen Hall</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pirates_of_the_Caribbean:_Dead_Man%27s_Chest" title="Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest">Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_L._Fink" title="Michael L. Fink">Michael L. Fink</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Westenhofer" title="Bill Westenhofer">Bill Westenhofer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Morris_(special_effects_artist)" title="Ben Morris (special effects artist)">Ben Morris</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Trevor_Wood_(special_effects_artist)" title="Trevor Wood (special effects artist)">Trevor Wood</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Compass_(film)" title="The Golden Compass (film)">The Golden Compass</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Barba" title="Eric Barba">Eric Barba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Preeg" title="Steve Preeg">Steve Preeg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burt_Dalton" title="Burt Dalton">Burt Dalton</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Craig_Barron" title="Craig Barron">Craig Barron</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Curious_Case_of_Benjamin_Button_(film)" title="The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)">The Curious Case of Benjamin Button</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Letteri" title="Joe Letteri">Joe Letteri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Rosenbaum" title="Stephen Rosenbaum">Stephen Rosenbaum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Baneham" title="Richard Baneham">Richard Baneham</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_R._Jones" title="Andrew R. Jones">Andrew R. Jones</a> – <a href="/wiki/Avatar_(2009_film)" title="Avatar (2009 film)">Avatar</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Franklin_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Paul Franklin (visual effects supervisor)">Paul Franklin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Corbould" title="Chris Corbould">Chris Corbould</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lockley" title="Andrew Lockley">Andrew Lockley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Bebb" title="Peter Bebb">Peter Bebb</a> – <a href="/wiki/Inception" title="Inception">Inception</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Legato" title="Robert Legato">Robert Legato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joss_Williams" title="Joss Williams">Joss Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Grossmann" title="Ben Grossmann">Ben Grossmann</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alex_Henning" title="Alex Henning">Alex Henning</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hugo_(film)" title="Hugo (film)">Hugo</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Westenhofer" title="Bill Westenhofer">Bill Westenhofer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Rocheron" title="Guillaume Rocheron">Guillaume Rocheron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erik-Jan_de_Boer" title="Erik-Jan de Boer">Erik-Jan de Boer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Donald_R._Elliott" title="Donald R. Elliott">Donald R. Elliott</a> – <a href="/wiki/Life_of_Pi_(film)" title="Life of Pi (film)">Life of Pi</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Webber" title="Tim Webber">Tim Webber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Lawrence_(visual_effects)" title="Chris Lawrence (visual effects)">Chris Lawrence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dave_Shirk" title="Dave Shirk">Dave Shirk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Neil_Corbould" title="Neil Corbould">Neil Corbould</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gravity_(2013_film)" title="Gravity (2013 film)">Gravity</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Franklin_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Paul Franklin (visual effects supervisor)">Paul Franklin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lockley" title="Andrew Lockley">Andrew Lockley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ian_Hunter_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Ian Hunter (visual effects supervisor)">Ian Hunter</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Scott_R._Fisher" title="Scott R. Fisher">Scott R. Fisher</a> – <a href="/wiki/Interstellar_(film)" title="Interstellar (film)">Interstellar</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Williams_Ardington" title="Mark Williams Ardington">Mark Williams Ardington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sara_Bennett" title="Sara Bennett">Sara Bennett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Norris_(visual_effects)" title="Paul Norris (visual effects)">Paul Norris</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Whitehurst" title="Andrew Whitehurst">Andrew Whitehurst</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ex_Machina_(film)" title="Ex Machina (film)">Ex Machina</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Legato" title="Robert Legato">Robert Legato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adam_Valdez" title="Adam Valdez">Adam Valdez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_R._Jones" title="Andrew R. Jones">Andrew R. Jones</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dan_Lemmon" title="Dan Lemmon">Dan Lemmon</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Jungle_Book_(2016_film)" title="The Jungle Book (2016 film)">The Jungle Book</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nelson_(visual_effects_artist)" title="John Nelson (visual effects artist)">John Nelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Nefzer" title="Gerd Nefzer">Gerd Nefzer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Lambert_(special_effects_artist)" title="Paul Lambert (special effects artist)">Paul Lambert</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Hoover" title="Richard R. Hoover">Richard R. Hoover</a> – <a href="/wiki/Blade_Runner_2049" title="Blade Runner 2049">Blade Runner 2049</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Lambert_(special_effects_artist)" title="Paul Lambert (special effects artist)">Paul Lambert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ian_Hunter_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Ian Hunter (visual effects supervisor)">Ian Hunter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tristan_Myles" title="Tristan Myles">Tristan Myles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/J._D._Schwalm" title="J. D. Schwalm">J. D. Schwalm</a> – <a href="/wiki/First_Man_(film)" title="First Man (film)">First Man</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Rocheron" title="Guillaume Rocheron">Guillaume Rocheron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greg_Butler_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Greg Butler (visual effects supervisor)">Greg Butler</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dominic_Tuohy" title="Dominic Tuohy">Dominic Tuohy</a> – <a href="/wiki/1917_(2019_film)" title="1917 (2019 film)">1917</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson_(visual_effects)" title="Andrew Jackson (visual effects)">Andrew Jackson</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Lee_(visual_effects_artist)" title="David Lee (visual effects artist)">David Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lockley" title="Andrew Lockley">Andrew Lockley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Scott_R._Fisher" title="Scott R. Fisher">Scott R. Fisher</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tenet_(film)" title="Tenet (film)">Tenet</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2021–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Lambert_(special_effects_artist)" title="Paul Lambert (special effects artist)">Paul Lambert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tristan_Myles" title="Tristan Myles">Tristan Myles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Connor_(visual_effects_artist)" title="Brian Connor (visual effects artist)">Brian Connor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Nefzer" title="Gerd Nefzer">Gerd Nefzer</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dune_(2021_film)" title="Dune (2021 film)">Dune</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Letteri" title="Joe Letteri">Joe Letteri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Baneham" title="Richard Baneham">Richard Baneham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Saindon" title="Eric Saindon">Eric Saindon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Barrett_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Daniel Barrett (visual effects supervisor)">Daniel Barrett</a> – <a href="/wiki/Avatar:_The_Way_of_Water" title="Avatar: The Way of Water">Avatar: The Way of Water</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takashi_Yamazaki" title="Takashi Yamazaki">Takashi Yamazaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiyoko_Shibuya" title="Kiyoko Shibuya">Kiyoko Shibuya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masaki_Takahashi" title="Masaki Takahashi">Masaki Takahashi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tatsuji_Nojima" title="Tatsuji Nojima">Tatsuji Nojima</a> – <a href="/wiki/Godzilla_Minus_One" title="Godzilla Minus One">Godzilla Minus One</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hugo_Award_for_Best_Dramatic_Presentation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #DBD7D2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hugo_Award_for_Best_Dramatic_Presentation" title="Template:Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hugo_Award_for_Best_Dramatic_Presentation" title="Template talk:Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hugo_Award_for_Best_Dramatic_Presentation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hugo_Award_for_Best_Dramatic_Presentation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Dramatic_Presentation" title="Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation">Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #C0C0C0">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1958: <a href="/wiki/The_Incredible_Shrinking_Man" title="The Incredible Shrinking Man">The Incredible Shrinking Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #C0C0C0">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1960: <a href="/wiki/The_Twilight_Zone_(1959_TV_series)" title="The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)">The Twilight Zone</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/The_Twilight_Zone_(1959_TV_series)" title="The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)">The Twilight Zone</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/The_Twilight_Zone_(1959_TV_series)" title="The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)">The Twilight Zone</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/wiki/Dr._Strangelove" title="Dr. Strangelove">Dr. Strangelove</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series" title="Star Trek: The Original Series">Star Trek</a> – "<a href="/wiki/The_Menagerie_(Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series)" title="The Menagerie (Star Trek: The Original Series)">The Menagerie</a>"</li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series" title="Star Trek: The Original Series">Star Trek</a> – "<a href="/wiki/The_City_on_the_Edge_of_Forever" title="The City on the Edge of Forever">The City on the Edge of Forever</a>"</li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey" title="2001: A Space Odyssey">2001: A Space Odyssey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #C0C0C0">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1970: News coverage of <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/A_Clockwork_Orange_(film)" title="A Clockwork Orange (film)">A Clockwork Orange</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/wiki/Slaughterhouse-Five_(film)" title="Slaughterhouse-Five (film)">Slaughterhouse-Five</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Sleeper_(1973_film)" title="Sleeper (1973 film)">Sleeper</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/Young_Frankenstein" title="Young Frankenstein">Young Frankenstein</a></li> <li>1976: <a href="/wiki/A_Boy_and_His_Dog_(1975_film)" title="A Boy and His Dog (1975 film)">A Boy and His Dog</a></li> <li>1978: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Star Wars</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Superman_(1978_film)" title="Superman (1978 film)">Superman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #C0C0C0">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Alien_(film)" title="Alien (film)">Alien</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="The Empire Strikes Back">The Empire Strikes Back</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Raiders_of_the_Lost_Ark" title="Raiders of the Lost Ark">Raiders of the Lost Ark</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Blade_Runner" title="Blade Runner">Blade Runner</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Return of the Jedi">Return of the Jedi</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/2010:_The_Year_We_Make_Contact" title="2010: The Year We Make Contact">2010: The Year We Make Contact</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future" title="Back to the Future">Back to the Future</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Aliens_(film)" title="Aliens (film)">Aliens</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/The_Princess_Bride_(film)" title="The Princess Bride (film)">The Princess Bride</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Who_Framed_Roger_Rabbit" title="Who Framed Roger Rabbit">Who Framed Roger Rabbit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #C0C0C0">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Last_Crusade" title="Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade">Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Scissorhands" title="Edward Scissorhands">Edward Scissorhands</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Terminator_2:_Judgment_Day" title="Terminator 2: Judgment Day">Terminator 2: Judgment Day</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation" title="Star Trek: The Next Generation">Star Trek: The Next Generation</a> – "<a href="/wiki/The_Inner_Light_(Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation)" title="The Inner Light (Star Trek: The Next Generation)">The Inner Light</a>"</li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(film)" title="Jurassic Park (film)">Jurassic Park</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation" title="Star Trek: The Next Generation">Star Trek: The Next Generation</a> – "<a href="/wiki/All_Good_Things..._(Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation)" title="All Good Things... (Star Trek: The Next Generation)">All Good Things...</a>"</li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Babylon_5" title="Babylon 5">Babylon 5</a> – "<a href="/wiki/The_Coming_of_Shadows" title="The Coming of Shadows">The Coming of Shadows</a>"</li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Babylon_5" title="Babylon 5">Babylon 5</a> – "<a href="/wiki/Severed_Dreams" title="Severed Dreams">Severed Dreams</a>"</li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Contact_(1997_American_film)" title="Contact (1997 American film)">Contact</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/The_Truman_Show" title="The Truman Show">The Truman Show</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #C0C0C0">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Quest" title="Galaxy Quest">Galaxy Quest</a></li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Crouching_Tiger,_Hidden_Dragon" title="Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon">Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring">The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Los_Angeles_Film_Critics_Association_Award_for_Best_Film" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Los_Angeles_Film_Critics_Association_Award_for_Best_Film" title="Template:Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Film"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Los_Angeles_Film_Critics_Association_Award_for_Best_Film" title="Template talk:Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Film"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Los_Angeles_Film_Critics_Association_Award_for_Best_Film" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Film"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Los_Angeles_Film_Critics_Association_Award_for_Best_Film" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Film_Critics_Association_Award_for_Best_Film" title="Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Film">Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Film</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">1975–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dog_Day_Afternoon" title="Dog Day Afternoon">Dog Day Afternoon</a> / <a href="/wiki/One_Flew_Over_the_Cuckoo%27s_Nest_(film)" title="One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)">One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_(1976_film)" title="Network (1976 film)">Network</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rocky" title="Rocky">Rocky</a> (1976)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Star Wars</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coming_Home_(1978_film)" title="Coming Home (1978 film)">Coming Home</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kramer_vs._Kramer" title="Kramer vs. Kramer">Kramer vs. Kramer</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raging_Bull" title="Raging Bull">Raging Bull</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City_(1980_film)" title="Atlantic City (1980 film)">Atlantic City</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.T._the_Extra-Terrestrial" title="E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial">E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terms_of_Endearment" title="Terms of Endearment">Terms of Endearment</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_(film)" title="Amadeus (film)">Amadeus</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_(1985_film)" title="Brazil (1985 film)">Brazil</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_and_Her_Sisters" title="Hannah and Her Sisters">Hannah and Her Sisters</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hope_and_Glory_(film)" title="Hope and Glory (film)">Hope and Glory</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Dorrit_(1987_film)" title="Little Dorrit (1987 film)">Little Dorrit</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Do_the_Right_Thing" title="Do the Right Thing">Do the Right Thing</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodfellas" title="Goodfellas">Goodfellas</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugsy" title="Bugsy">Bugsy</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unforgiven" title="Unforgiven">Unforgiven</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schindler%27s_List" title="Schindler's List">Schindler's List</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_Fiction" title="Pulp Fiction">Pulp Fiction</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaving_Las_Vegas" title="Leaving Las Vegas">Leaving Las Vegas</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secrets_%26_Lies_(film)" title="Secrets & Lies (film)">Secrets & Lies</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L.A._Confidential_(film)" title="L.A. Confidential (film)">L.A. Confidential</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saving_Private_Ryan" title="Saving Private Ryan">Saving Private Ryan</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Insider_(film)" title="The Insider (film)">The Insider</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crouching_Tiger,_Hidden_Dragon" title="Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon">Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/In_the_Bedroom" title="In the Bedroom">In the Bedroom</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/About_Schmidt" title="About Schmidt">About Schmidt</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Splendor_(film)" title="American Splendor (film)">American Splendor</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sideways" title="Sideways">Sideways</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brokeback_Mountain" title="Brokeback Mountain">Brokeback Mountain</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letters_from_Iwo_Jima" title="Letters from Iwo Jima">Letters from Iwo Jima</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/There_Will_Be_Blood" title="There Will Be Blood">There Will Be Blood</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WALL-E" title="WALL-E">WALL-E</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hurt_Locker" title="The Hurt Locker">The Hurt Locker</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Social_Network" title="The Social Network">The Social Network</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Descendants" title="The Descendants">The Descendants</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amour_(2012_film)" title="Amour (2012 film)">Amour</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_(2013_film)" title="Gravity (2013 film)">Gravity</a> / <a href="/wiki/Her_(film)" title="Her (film)">Her</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyhood_(2014_film)" title="Boyhood (2014 film)">Boyhood</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotlight_(film)" title="Spotlight (film)">Spotlight</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonlight_(2016_film)" title="Moonlight (2016 film)">Moonlight</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_Me_by_Your_Name_(film)" title="Call Me by Your Name (film)">Call Me by Your Name</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roma_(2018_film)" title="Roma (2018 film)">Roma</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasite_(2019_film)" title="Parasite (2019 film)">Parasite</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Axe_(anthology)" title="Small Axe (anthology)">Small Axe</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drive_My_Car_(film)" title="Drive My Car (film)">Drive My Car</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everything_Everywhere_All_at_Once" title="Everything Everywhere All at Once">Everything Everywhere All at Once</a> / <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1r" title="Tár">Tár</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Zone_of_Interest_(film)" title="The Zone of Interest (film)">The Zone of Interest</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nebula_Award_for_Best_Script/Ray_Bradbury_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nebula_Award_for_Best_Script/Bradbury_Award" title="Template:Nebula Award for Best Script/Bradbury Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nebula_Award_for_Best_Script/Bradbury_Award" title="Template talk:Nebula Award for Best Script/Bradbury Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nebula_Award_for_Best_Script/Bradbury_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nebula Award for Best Script/Bradbury Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nebula_Award_for_Best_Script/Ray_Bradbury_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nebula_Award_for_Best_Script" title="Nebula Award for Best Script">Nebula Award for Best Script</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury_Award" title="Ray Bradbury Award">Ray Bradbury Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nebula Award for Best Script</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soylent_Green" title="Soylent Green">Soylent Green</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stanley_R._Greenberg" title="Stanley R. Greenberg">Stanley R. Greenberg</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeper_(1973_film)" title="Sleeper (1973 film)">Sleeper</a> – <a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Frankenstein" title="Young Frankenstein">Young Frankenstein</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gene_Wilder" title="Gene Wilder">Gene Wilder</a> (1975)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Star Wars</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sixth_Sense" title="The Sixth Sense">The Sixth Sense</a> – <a href="/wiki/M._Night_Shyamalan" title="M. Night Shyamalan">M. Night Shyamalan</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Quest" title="Galaxy Quest">Galaxy Quest</a> – David Howard and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gordon_(screenwriter)" title="Robert Gordon (screenwriter)">Robert Gordon</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crouching_Tiger,_Hidden_Dragon" title="Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon">Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Schamus" title="James Schamus">James Schamus</a>, Kuo Jung Tsai, and <a href="/wiki/Wang_Hui-ling" title="Wang Hui-ling">Hui-Ling Wang</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring">The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fran_Walsh" title="Fran Walsh">Fran Walsh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippa_Boyens" title="Philippa Boyens">Philippa Boyens</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers">The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fran_Walsh" title="Fran Walsh">Fran Walsh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippa_Boyens" title="Philippa Boyens">Philippa Boyens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sinclair" title="Stephen Sinclair">Stephen Sinclair</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King">The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fran_Walsh" title="Fran Walsh">Fran Walsh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippa_Boyens" title="Philippa Boyens">Philippa Boyens</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serenity_(2005_film)" title="Serenity (2005 film)">Serenity</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joss_Whedon" title="Joss Whedon">Joss Whedon</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howl%27s_Moving_Castle_(film)" title="Howl's Moving Castle (film)">Howl's Moving Castle</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hayao_Miyazaki" title="Hayao Miyazaki">Hayao Miyazaki</a>, Cindy Davis Hewitt, and Donald H. Hewitt (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan%27s_Labyrinth" title="Pan's Labyrinth">Pan's Labyrinth</a> – <a href="/wiki/Guillermo_del_Toro" title="Guillermo del Toro">Guillermo del Toro</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WALL-E" title="WALL-E">WALL-E</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Stanton" title="Andrew Stanton">Andrew Stanton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Reardon" title="Jim Reardon">Jim Reardon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pete_Docter" title="Pete Docter">Pete Docter</a> (2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ray Bradbury Award for Outstanding Dramatic Presentation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terminator_2:_Judgment_Day" title="Terminator 2: Judgment Day">Terminator 2: Judgment Day</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylon_5" title="Babylon 5">Babylon 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Straczynski" title="J. Michael Straczynski">J. Michael Straczynski</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000X" title="2000X">2000X – Tales of the Next Millennia</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Rasovsky" title="Yuri Rasovsky">Yuri Rasovsky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harlan_Ellison" title="Harlan Ellison">Harlan Ellison</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joss_Whedon" title="Joss Whedon">Joss Whedon</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_9" title="District 9">District 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Neill_Blomkamp" title="Neill Blomkamp">Neill Blomkamp</a> and <a href="/wiki/Terri_Tatchell" title="Terri Tatchell">Terri Tatchell</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inception" title="Inception">Inception</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher Nolan</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a>: "<a href="/wiki/The_Doctor%27s_Wife" title="The Doctor's Wife">The Doctor's Wife</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Clark_(director)" title="Richard Clark (director)">Richard Clark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gaiman" title="Neil Gaiman">Neil Gaiman</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beasts_of_the_Southern_Wild" title="Beasts of the Southern Wild">Beasts of the Southern Wild</a> – <a href="/wiki/Benh_Zeitlin" title="Benh Zeitlin">Benh Zeitlin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Alibar" title="Lucy Alibar">Lucy Alibar</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_(2013_film)" title="Gravity (2013 film)">Gravity</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Cuar%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso Cuarón">Alfonso Cuarón</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jon%C3%A1s_Cuar%C3%B3n" title="Jonás Cuarón">Jonás Cuarón</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardians_of_the_Galaxy_(film)" title="Guardians of the Galaxy (film)">Guardians of the Galaxy</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Gunn" title="James Gunn">James Gunn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicole_Perlman" title="Nicole Perlman">Nicole Perlman</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mad_Max:_Fury_Road" title="Mad Max: Fury Road">Mad Max: Fury Road</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Miller_(filmmaker)" title="George Miller (filmmaker)">George Miller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brendan_McCarthy" title="Brendan McCarthy">Brendan McCarthy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nico_Lathouris" title="Nico Lathouris">Nico Lathouris</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrival_(film)" title="Arrival (film)">Arrival</a> – <a href="/wiki/Denis_Villeneuve" title="Denis Villeneuve">Denis Villeneuve</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eric_Heisserer" title="Eric Heisserer">Eric Heisserer</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_Out" title="Get Out">Get Out</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Peele" title="Jordan Peele">Jordan Peele</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider-Man:_Into_the_Spider-Verse" title="Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse">Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse</a> – <a href="/wiki/Phil_Lord_and_Christopher_Miller" title="Phil Lord and Christopher Miller">Phil Lord</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Rothman" title="Rodney Rothman">Rodney Rothman</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Omens_(TV_series)" title="Good Omens (TV series)">Good Omens</a>: "Hard Times" – <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gaiman" title="Neil Gaiman">Neil Gaiman</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Place" title="The Good Place">The Good Place</a>: "<a href="/wiki/Whenever_You%27re_Ready_(The_Good_Place)" title="Whenever You're Ready (The Good Place)">Whenever You're Ready</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Schur" title="Michael Schur">Michael Schur</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WandaVision" title="WandaVision">WandaVision</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jac_Schaeffer" title="Jac Schaeffer">Jac Schaeffer</a> and writing staff (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everything_Everywhere_All_at_Once" title="Everything Everywhere All at Once">Everything Everywhere All at Once</a> - <a href="/wiki/Daniels_(directors)" title="Daniels (directors)">Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbie_(film)" title="Barbie (film)">Barbie</a> - <a href="/wiki/Greta_Gerwig" title="Greta Gerwig">Greta Gerwig</a> and <a href="/wiki/Noah_Baumbach" title="Noah Baumbach">Noah Baumbach</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Saturn_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Film" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #6CC"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Saturn_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Film" title="Template:Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Saturn_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Film" title="Template talk:Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Saturn_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Film" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Saturn_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Film" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Film" title="Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film">Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #6CC;width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slaughterhouse-Five_(film)" title="Slaughterhouse-Five (film)">Slaughterhouse-Five</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soylent_Green" title="Soylent Green">Soylent Green</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollerball_(1975_film)" title="Rollerball (1975 film)">Rollerball</a> (1974/75)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logan%27s_Run_(film)" title="Logan's Run (film)">Logan's Run</a> (1976)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Star Wars</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superman_(1978_film)" title="Superman (1978 film)">Superman</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_(film)" title="Alien (film)">Alien</a> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #6CC;width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="The Empire Strikes Back">The Empire Strikes Back</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superman_II" title="Superman II">Superman II</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.T._the_Extra-Terrestrial" title="E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial">E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Return of the Jedi">Return of the Jedi</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Terminator" title="The Terminator">The Terminator</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future" title="Back to the Future">Back to the Future</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aliens_(film)" title="Aliens (film)">Aliens</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RoboCop" title="RoboCop">RoboCop</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_Nation_(film)" title="Alien Nation (film)">Alien Nation</a> (1988)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #6CC;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Total_Recall_(1990_film)" title="Total Recall (1990 film)">Total Recall</a> (1989/90)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminator_2:_Judgment_Day" title="Terminator 2: Judgment Day">Terminator 2: Judgment Day</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek_VI:_The_Undiscovered_Country" title="Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country">Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(film)" title="Jurassic Park (film)">Jurassic Park</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stargate_(film)" title="Stargate (film)">Stargate</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/12_Monkeys" title="12 Monkeys">12 Monkeys</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(1996_film)" title="Independence Day (1996 film)">Independence Day</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_in_Black_(1997_film)" title="Men in Black (1997 film)">Men in Black</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armageddon_(1998_film)" title="Armageddon (1998 film)">Armageddon</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dark_City_(1998_film)" title="Dark City (1998 film)">Dark City</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Matrix" title="The Matrix">The Matrix</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #6CC;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/X-Men_(film)" title="X-Men (film)">X-Men</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A.I._Artificial_Intelligence" title="A.I. Artificial Intelligence">A.I. Artificial Intelligence</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_Report_(film)" title="Minority Report (film)">Minority Report</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/X2_(film)" title="X2 (film)">X2: X-Men United</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eternal_Sunshine_of_the_Spotless_Mind" title="Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind">Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_III_%E2%80%93_Revenge_of_the_Sith" title="Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith">Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_of_Men" title="Children of Men">Children of Men</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloverfield" title="Cloverfield">Cloverfield</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man_(2008_film)" title="Iron Man (2008 film)">Iron Man</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avatar_(2009_film)" title="Avatar (2009 film)">Avatar</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #6CC;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inception" title="Inception">Inception</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rise_of_the_Planet_of_the_Apes" title="Rise of the Planet of the Apes">Rise of the Planet of the Apes</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Avengers_(2012_film)" title="The Avengers (2012 film)">The Avengers</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_(2013_film)" title="Gravity (2013 film)">Gravity</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_(film)" title="Interstellar (film)">Interstellar</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Force_Awakens" title="Star Wars: The Force Awakens">Star Wars: The Force Awakens</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_One" title="Rogue One">Rogue One: A Star Wars Story</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blade_Runner_2049" title="Blade Runner 2049">Blade Runner 2049</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ready_Player_One_(film)" title="Ready Player One (film)">Ready Player One</a> (2018/19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Rise_of_Skywalker" title="Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker">Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker</a> (2019/20)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #6CC;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nope_(film)" title="Nope (film)">Nope</a> (2021/22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avatar:_The_Way_of_Water" title="Avatar: The Way of Water">Avatar: The Way of Water</a> (2022/23)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Seiun_Award_for_Best_Dramatic_Presentation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #CFB53B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Seiun_Award_-_Best_Media" title="Template:Seiun Award - Best Media"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Seiun_Award_-_Best_Media" title="Template talk:Seiun Award - Best Media"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Seiun_Award_-_Best_Media" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Seiun Award - Best Media"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Seiun_Award_for_Best_Dramatic_Presentation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Seiun_Award#Best_Dramatic_Presentation" title="Seiun Award">Seiun Award for Best Dramatic Presentation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%">1970–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charly_(1968_film)" title="Charly (1968 film)">Charly</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_Prisoner" title="The Prisoner">The Prisoner</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UFO_(British_TV_series)" title="UFO (British TV series)">UFO</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Andromeda_Strain_(film)" title="The Andromeda Strain (film)">The Andromeda Strain</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Clockwork_Orange_(film)" title="A Clockwork Orange (film)">A Clockwork Orange</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soylent_Green" title="Soylent Green">Soylent Green</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Battleship_Yamato" title="Space Battleship Yamato">Space Battleship Yamato</a> (1975)</li> <li>Star (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solaris_(1972_film)" title="Solaris (1972 film)">Solaris</a> (1978)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Star Wars</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_(film)" title="Alien (film)">Alien</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="The Empire Strikes Back">The Empire Strikes Back</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blade_Runner" title="Blade Runner">Blade Runner</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Crystal" title="The Dark Crystal">The Dark Crystal</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nausica%C3%A4_of_the_Valley_of_the_Wind_(film)" title="Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind (film)">Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future" title="Back to the Future">Back to the Future</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_(1985_film)" title="Brazil (1985 film)">Brazil</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Space_Force:_The_Wings_of_Honn%C3%AAamise" title="Royal Space Force: The Wings of Honnêamise">Royal Space Force: The Wings of Honnêamise</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Neighbor_Totoro" title="My Neighbor Totoro">My Neighbor Totoro</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunbuster" title="Gunbuster">Gunbuster</a> (1990)</li> <li>Ginga Uchū Odyssey (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminator_2:_Judgment_Day" title="Terminator 2: Judgment Day">Terminator 2: Judgment Day</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mama_wa_Sh%C5%8Dgaku_4_Nensei" title="Mama wa Shōgaku 4 Nensei">Mama wa Shōgaku 4 Nensei</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(film)" title="Jurassic Park (film)">Jurassic Park</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeiram" title="Zeiram">Zeiram 2</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamera:_Guardian_of_the_Universe" title="Gamera: Guardian of the Universe">Gamera: Guardian of the Universe</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamera_2:_Attack_of_Legion" title="Gamera 2: Attack of Legion">Gamera 2: Attack of Legion</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraman_Tiga" title="Ultraman Tiga">Ultraman Tiga</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_Successor_Nadesico:_The_Motion_Picture_%E2%80%93_Prince_of_Darkness" title="Martian Successor Nadesico: The Motion Picture – Prince of Darkness">Martian Successor Nadesico: The Motion Picture – Prince of Darkness</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_Bebop" title="Cowboy Bebop">Cowboy Bebop</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gunparade_March" title="Gunparade March">Gunparade March</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamen_Rider_Kuuga" title="Kamen Rider Kuuga">Kamen Rider Kuuga</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voices_of_a_Distant_Star" title="Voices of a Distant Star">Voices of a Distant Star</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers">The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetes" title="Planetes">Planetes</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusou_Sentai_Dekaranger" title="Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger">Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Girl_Who_Leapt_Through_Time_(2006_film)" title="The Girl Who Leapt Through Time (2006 film)">The Girl Who Leapt Through Time</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den-noh_Coil" title="Den-noh Coil">Dennō Coil</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macross_Frontier" title="Macross Frontier">Macross Frontier</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_Wars" title="Summer Wars">Summer Wars</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_9" title="District 9">District 9</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puella_Magi_Madoka_Magica" title="Puella Magi Madoka Magica">Puella Magi Madoka Magica</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodacious_Space_Pirates" title="Bodacious Space Pirates">Bodacious Space Pirates</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Rim_(film)" title="Pacific Rim (film)">Pacific Rim</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Battleship_Yamato_2199:_Odyssey_of_the_Celestial_Ark" title="Space Battleship Yamato 2199: Odyssey of the Celestial Ark">Space Battleship Yamato 2199: Odyssey of the Celestial Ark</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girls_und_Panzer_der_Film" title="Girls und Panzer der Film">Girls und Panzer der Film</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin_Godzilla" title="Shin Godzilla">Shin Godzilla</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemono_Friends" title="Kemono Friends">Kemono Friends</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSSS.Gridman" title="SSSS.Gridman">SSSS.Gridman</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astra_Lost_in_Space" title="Astra Lost in Space">Astra Lost in Space</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraman_Z" title="Ultraman Z">Ultraman Z</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_Singular_Point" title="Godzilla Singular Point">Godzilla Singular Point</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin_Ultraman" title="Shin Ultraman">Shin Ultraman</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_Minus_One" title="Godzilla Minus One">Godzilla Minus One</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Yearly_highest-grossing_films_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yearly_highest-grossing_US_films" title="Template:Yearly highest-grossing US films"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yearly_highest-grossing_US_films" title="Template talk:Yearly highest-grossing US films"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yearly_highest-grossing_US_films" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yearly highest-grossing US films"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Yearly_highest-grossing_films_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films_in_the_United_States_by_year" title="List of highest-grossing films in the United States by year">Yearly highest-grossing films in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Films listed as number-one by in-year release</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s–1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Star Wars</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1977_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1977 box office number-one films in the United States">1977</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grease_(film)" title="Grease (film)">Grease</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1978_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1978 box office number-one films in the United States">1978</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kramer_vs._Kramer" title="Kramer vs. Kramer">Kramer vs. Kramer</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1979_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1979 box office number-one films in the United States">1979</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="The Empire Strikes Back">The Empire Strikes Back</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1980_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1980 box office number-one films in the United States">1980</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raiders_of_the_Lost_Ark" title="Raiders of the Lost Ark">Raiders of the Lost Ark</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1981_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1981 box office number-one films in the United States">1981</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.T._the_Extra-Terrestrial" title="E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial">E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1982_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1982 box office number-one films in the United States">1982</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Return of the Jedi">Return of the Jedi</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1983_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1983 box office number-one films in the United States">1983</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hills_Cop" title="Beverly Hills Cop">Beverly Hills Cop</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1984_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1984 box office number-one films in the United States">1984</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future" title="Back to the Future">Back to the Future</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1985_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1985 box office number-one films in the United States">1985</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_Gun" title="Top Gun">Top Gun</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1986_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1986 box office number-one films in the United States">1986</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Men_and_a_Baby" title="Three Men and a Baby">Three Men and a Baby</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1987_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1987 box office number-one films in the United States">1987</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rain_Man" title="Rain Man">Rain Man</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1988_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1988 box office number-one films in the United States">1988</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_(1989_film)" title="Batman (1989 film)">Batman</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1989_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1989 box office number-one films in the United States">1989</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s−2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Home_Alone" title="Home Alone">Home Alone</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1990_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1990 box office number-one films in the United States">1990</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminator_2:_Judgment_Day" title="Terminator 2: Judgment Day">Terminator 2: Judgment Day</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1991_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1991 box office number-one films in the United States">1991</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aladdin_(1992_Disney_film)" title="Aladdin (1992 Disney film)">Aladdin</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1992_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1992 box office number-one films in the United States">1992</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(film)" title="Jurassic Park (film)">Jurassic Park</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1993_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1993 box office number-one films in the United States">1993</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forrest_Gump" title="Forrest Gump">Forrest Gump</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1994_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1994 box office number-one films in the United States">1994</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_Story" title="Toy Story">Toy Story</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1995_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1995 box office number-one films in the United States">1995</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(1996_film)" title="Independence Day (1996 film)">Independence Day</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1996_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1996 box office number-one films in the United States">1996</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanic_(1997_film)" title="Titanic (1997 film)">Titanic</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1997_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1997 box office number-one films in the United States">1997</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saving_Private_Ryan" title="Saving Private Ryan">Saving Private Ryan</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1998_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1998 box office number-one films in the United States">1998</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_I_%E2%80%93_The_Phantom_Menace" title="Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace">Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1999_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1999 box office number-one films in the United States">1999</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_the_Grinch_Stole_Christmas_(2000_film)" title="How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000 film)">How the Grinch Stole Christmas</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2000_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2000 box office number-one films in the United States">2000</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Philosopher%27s_Stone_(film)" title="Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)">Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2001_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2001 box office number-one films in the United States">2001</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider-Man_(2002_film)" title="Spider-Man (2002 film)">Spider-Man</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2002_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2002 box office number-one films in the United States">2002</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King">The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2003_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2003 box office number-one films in the United States">2003</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrek_2" title="Shrek 2">Shrek 2</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2004_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2004 box office number-one films in the United States">2004</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_III_%E2%80%93_Revenge_of_the_Sith" title="Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith">Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2005_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2005 box office number-one films in the United States">2005</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirates_of_the_Caribbean:_Dead_Man%27s_Chest" title="Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest">Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2006_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2006 box office number-one films in the United States">2006</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider-Man_3" title="Spider-Man 3">Spider-Man 3</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2007_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2007 box office number-one films in the United States">2007</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Knight" title="The Dark Knight">The Dark Knight</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2008_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2008 box office number-one films in the United States">2008</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avatar_(2009_film)" title="Avatar (2009 film)">Avatar</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2009_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2009 box office number-one films in the United States">2009</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s−2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toy_Story_3" title="Toy Story 3">Toy Story 3</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2010_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2010 box office number-one films in the United States">2010</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Deathly_Hallows_%E2%80%93_Part_2" title="Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2">Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2011_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2011 box office number-one films in the United States">2011</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Avengers_(2012_film)" title="The Avengers (2012 film)">The Avengers</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2012_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2012 box office number-one films in the United States">2012</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hunger_Games:_Catching_Fire" title="The Hunger Games: Catching Fire">The Hunger Games: Catching Fire</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2013_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2013 box office number-one films in the United States">2013</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Sniper" title="American Sniper">American Sniper</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2014_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2014 box office number-one films in the United States">2014</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Force_Awakens" title="Star Wars: The Force Awakens">Star Wars: The Force Awakens</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2015_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2015 box office number-one films in the United States">2015</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_One" title="Rogue One">Rogue One</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2016_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2016 box office number-one films in the United States">2016</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Last_Jedi" title="Star Wars: The Last Jedi">Star Wars: The Last Jedi</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2017_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2017 box office number-one films in the United States">2017</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_(film)" title="Black Panther (film)">Black Panther</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2018_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2018 box office number-one films in the United States">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avengers:_Endgame" title="Avengers: Endgame">Avengers: Endgame</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2019_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2019 box office number-one films in the United States">2019</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Boys_for_Life" title="Bad Boys for Life">Bad Boys for Life</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2020_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2020 box office number-one films in the United States">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider-Man:_No_Way_Home" title="Spider-Man: No Way Home">Spider-Man: No Way Home</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2021_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2021 box office number-one films in the United States">2021</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_Gun:_Maverick" title="Top Gun: Maverick">Top Gun: Maverick</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2022_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2022 box office number-one films in the United States">2022</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbie_(film)" title="Barbie (film)">Barbie</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2023_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2023 box office number-one films in the United States">2023</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="List of highest-grossing films in the United States and Canada">List of highest-grossing films in the United States and Canada</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14438637z">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14438637z">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/001113398">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5637985">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/99061146">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007586465905171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058516989306706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/203924460">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&oldid=1259978512">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars_(film)&oldid=1259978512</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1977_films" title="Category:1977 films">1977 films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Star_Wars_(film)" title="Category:Star Wars (film)">Star Wars (film)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1977_science_fiction_films" title="Category:1977 science fiction films">1977 science fiction films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1970s_science_fiction_action_films" title="Category:1970s science fiction action films">1970s science fiction action films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1970s_science_fiction_war_films" title="Category:1970s science fiction war films">1970s science fiction war films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1970s_American_films" title="Category:1970s American films">1970s American films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1970s_English-language_films" title="Category:1970s English-language films">1970s English-language films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th_Century_Fox_films" title="Category:20th Century Fox films">20th Century Fox films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_epic_films" title="Category:American epic films">American epic films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_robot_films" title="Category:American robot films">American robot films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_science_fiction_action_films" title="Category:American science fiction action films">American science fiction action films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_science_fiction_war_films" title="Category:American science fiction war films">American science fiction war films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_space_adventure_films" title="Category:American space adventure films">American space adventure films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_space_opera_films" title="Category:American space opera films">American space opera films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:BAFTA_winners_(films)" title="Category:BAFTA winners (films)">BAFTA winners (films)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_mercenaries" title="Category:Films about mercenaries">Films about mercenaries</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_rebellions" title="Category:Films about rebellions">Films about rebellions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_violence" title="Category:Films about violence">Films about violence</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_directed_by_George_Lucas" title="Category:Films directed by George Lucas">Films directed by George Lucas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_produced_by_Gary_Kurtz" title="Category:Films produced by Gary Kurtz">Films produced by Gary Kurtz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_scored_by_John_Williams" title="Category:Films scored by John Williams">Films scored by John Williams</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_shot_in_Guatemala" title="Category:Films shot in Guatemala">Films shot in Guatemala</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_shot_in_Tunisia" title="Category:Films shot in Tunisia">Films shot in Tunisia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_that_won_the_Best_Costume_Design_Academy_Award" title="Category:Films that won the Best Costume Design Academy Award">Films that won the Best Costume Design Academy Award</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_that_won_the_Best_Original_Score_Academy_Award" title="Category:Films that won the Best Original Score Academy Award">Films that won the Best Original Score Academy Award</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_that_won_the_Best_Sound_Editing_Academy_Award" title="Category:Films that won the Best Sound Editing Academy Award">Films that won the Best Sound Editing Academy Award</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_that_won_the_Best_Sound_Mixing_Academy_Award" title="Category:Films that won the Best Sound Mixing Academy Award">Films that won the Best Sound Mixing Academy Award</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_that_won_the_Best_Visual_Effects_Academy_Award" title="Category:Films that won the Best Visual Effects Academy Award">Films that won the Best Visual Effects Academy Award</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_whose_art_director_won_the_Best_Art_Direction_Academy_Award" title="Category:Films whose art director won the Best Art Direction Academy Award">Films whose art director won the Best Art Direction Academy Award</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_whose_editor_won_the_Best_Film_Editing_Academy_Award" title="Category:Films whose editor won the Best Film Editing Academy Award">Films whose editor won the Best Film Editing Academy Award</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_with_screenplays_by_George_Lucas" title="Category:Films with screenplays by George Lucas">Films with screenplays by George Lucas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lucasfilm_films" title="Category:Lucasfilm films">Lucasfilm films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Star_Wars_Skywalker_Saga_films" title="Category:Star Wars Skywalker Saga films">Star Wars Skywalker Saga films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_National_Film_Registry_films" title="Category:United States National Film Registry films">United States National Film Registry films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_science_fiction_films" title="Category:American science fiction films">American science fiction films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English-language_science_fiction_action_films" title="Category:English-language science fiction action films">English-language science fiction action films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English-language_war_films" title="Category:English-language war films">English-language war films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Saturn_Award%E2%80%93winning_films" title="Category:Saturn Award–winning films">Saturn Award–winning films</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:IMDb_ID_(Cite_Mojo)_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:IMDb ID (Cite Mojo) different from Wikidata">IMDb ID (Cite Mojo) different from 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permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">CS1 maint: unfit URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_move-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages">Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_September_2019" title="Category:Use American English from September 2019">Use American English from September 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_March_2024" title="Category:Use mdy dates from March 2024">Use mdy dates from March 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Template_film_date_with_1_release_date" title="Category:Template film date with 1 release date">Template film date with 1 release date</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_March_2024" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from March 2024">Articles lacking reliable references from March 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia" title="Category:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia">Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rotten_Tomatoes_ID_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Rotten Tomatoes ID different from Wikidata">Rotten Tomatoes ID different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 28 November 2024, at 03:39 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. 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Template:Navbox"," 5.07% 221.671 44 Template:Cite_news"," 4.41% 192.683 37 Template:Cite_magazine"," 3.71% 162.343 29 Template:Cite_book"," 2.79% 122.056 1 Template:Star_Wars_Trilogy"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"2.782","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":18591816,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAbramovitch2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAbramovitch2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAllisonKramer2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnderson1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnderson2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAndrews2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArnold1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBacon2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBacon2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBailey2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarnett2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaxter1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeggs2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBelam2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerry1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlackman2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBonomolo2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoucher,_Geoff2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBouzereau1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBremond1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrew2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBreznican2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrinn2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBritt2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrooker2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurr2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurtt1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCalhoun2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCampbell2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCampbell2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCanby1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarbone2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCaro2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarone2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChernoff2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChild2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChung2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClark2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoate,_Michael2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollins\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollins2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoombes2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCorliss2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCouch2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCraig_Miller1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCronin2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDass2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDawe,_Ian\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeCaro2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDenham2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDiGiacomo\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDiaz2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDirks\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFDockterman2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDoug_Smith2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEberlDecker2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEbert1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEbert1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEdwards2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEpstein2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvans2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEveleth2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarr2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFashingbauer_Cooper2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFeinbergCouch2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFernandezMasters2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFord\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGiardina2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlenday2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreydanus,_Steven_D.\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGroves1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuerrasio2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuinness1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHall2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHardwick2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHatch2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHearn2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHenderson1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHidalgoSansweet2008a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHidalgoSansweet2008b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHidalgoSansweet2008c\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHindes\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHischak2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHollywood_(AP)1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolub2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHopkins,_Jessica2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHosie2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuver2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJedi12013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJenkins\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohanson2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohn\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKael1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaminski2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaminski2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaminski2008a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaminski2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKatz2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeough,_Peter1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlein2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKoning1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKosloski2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKurtz2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKwinn1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLamar2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLambrechts2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLarsenLarsen2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLasalle1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLee2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeonard2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLos_Angeles_(AP)1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLos_Angeles_(AP)1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLoughrey2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLowry2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLussier2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacGregor2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacdonald2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacek2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMackenzie2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMadrigal2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMagid2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartin1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcClintock2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcClintock2015\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMcCluskey2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcDonald2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcMillan2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcMillan2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMetz2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiklós2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurphy,_A.D.1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurphy1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurphy1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurphy2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurthi2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNastasi2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNew_York_(AP)1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNewbold2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNewbold2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNorman2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNugent2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOdman2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPearlman2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhillips2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPlesset2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPollard2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPollock1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPond2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrell2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPriest2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReynolds1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichwineGorman2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRinzler2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRinzler2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobey2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRomano2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosenbaum1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoss2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRusso\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSansweet1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSansweetVilmur2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSaporito2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSaunders2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScanlon1977\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSchickel2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSietz2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimon1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSinger2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiskel1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiskel1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSnider2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSt._Jacques1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStaff\"] = 5,\n [\"CITEREFStaff1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStaff2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStaff2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStaff2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStaff2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSzostak2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTHR_Staff2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTapley2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaraldsvik\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTauber2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor2014a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor2014b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas,_Michael2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas,_Roy2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThompson2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTravis2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTravis2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUlanoff2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUtichi2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVanderMolen2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVaughanLucas1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVejvoda2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVilmur2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVlessing2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVosburgh2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWatkins2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeintraub2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWells2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWenz2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWest2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWestfahl2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhitbrook2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams2006\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFWilliamsHammond2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilmington1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWineke2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWorley2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWuntch1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYoung2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZoldessy2012\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"'\"] = 4,\n [\"'s\"] = 1,\n [\"AFI film\"] = 1,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Academy Award Best Visual Effects\"] = 1,\n [\"AllMovie title\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Better source needed\"] = 4,\n [\"Bulleted list\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 2,\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite AV media\"] = 8,\n [\"Cite Box Office Mojo\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite Rotten Tomatoes\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 29,\n [\"Cite episode\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 37,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 44,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite the numbers\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite video\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 215,\n [\"Commons and category\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Star Wars Episode 4: A New Hope\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 12,\n [\"Film date\"] = 1,\n [\"Format price\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatprice\"] = 2,\n [\"Frac\"] = 1,\n [\"George Lucas\"] = 1,\n [\"Hatnote group\"] = 1,\n [\"Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation 1958–1980\"] = 1,\n [\"IMDb title\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 6,\n [\"Inflation\"] = 3,\n [\"Inflation-year\"] = 3,\n [\"Infobox film\"] = 1,\n [\"Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Film\"] = 1,\n [\"Lucasfilm\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 3,\n [\"Mdash\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 2,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 2,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 25,\n [\"Nebula Award for Best Script/Bradbury Award 1973–2000\"] = 1,\n [\"Nominated\"] = 18,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 2,\n [\"Official website\"] = 2,\n [\"Plain list\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n [\"Quote box\"] = 4,\n [\"R\"] = 4,\n [\"RT data\"] = 3,\n [\"RT prose\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rotten-tomatoes\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 3,\n [\"Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film 1972–1990\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 5,\n [\"Seiun Award - Best Media\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 50,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Star Wars\"] = 1,\n [\"Star Wars Trilogy\"] = 1,\n [\"TCMDb title\"] = 1,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikibooks\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikiquote\"] = 2,\n [\"Won\"] = 28,\n [\"Yearly highest-grossing US films\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","600","20.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","380","12.8"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","240","8.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","200","6.7"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","180","6.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","160","5.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","120","4.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","100","3.4"],["type","100","3.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","100","3.4"],["[others]","800","26.8"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-864bbfd546-dnpkf","timestamp":"20241129203714","ttl":3600,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Star Wars (film)","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Star_Wars_(film)","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q17738","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q17738","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia 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