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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-"Townsend's_dickcissel"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Townsend's_dickcissel""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>"Townsend's dickcissel"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Townsend's_dickcissel"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Description" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Description"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution_and_habitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution_and_habitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Distribution and habitat</span> 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</li> <li id="toc-Feeding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feeding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Feeding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feeding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="درسة أمريكية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="درسة أمريكية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiza_americana" title="Spiza americana – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Spiza americana" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiza_americana" title="Spiza americana – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Spiza americana" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardenal_d%27arrossar" title="Cardenal d'arrossar – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cardenal d'arrossar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiza_americana" title="Spiza americana – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Spiza americana" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pape%C5%BE%C3%ADk_americk%C3%BD" title="Papežík americký – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Papežík americký" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bras_America" title="Bras America – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bras America" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotschulterkardinal" title="Rotschulterkardinal – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rotschulterkardinal" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daatsoh%C3%AD_bin%C3%A1ts%CA%BCiin_%C5%82itsoo%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD" title="Daatsohí binátsʼiin łitsooígíí – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Daatsohí binátsʼiin łitsooígíí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiza_americana" title="Spiza americana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Spiza americana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikar_berdantza" title="Amerikar berdantza – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Amerikar berdantza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickcissel_d%27Am%C3%A9rique" title="Dickcissel d'Amérique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dickcissel d'Amérique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%99" title="קרדינל אמריקאי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרדינל אמריקאי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84" title="ديكيسيل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ديكيسيل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickcissel" title="Dickcissel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dickcissel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A0%E3%83%8A%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AD%E3%83%8E%E3%82%B8%E3%82%B3" title="ムナグロノジコ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ムナグロノジコ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisselspurv" title="Sisselspurv – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sisselspurv" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisselsporv" title="Sisselsporv – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sisselsporv" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa-capim-americano" title="Papa-capim-americano – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Papa-capim-americano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presur%C4%83_american%C4%83" title="Presură americană – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Presură americană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Американская спиза – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Американская спиза" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preeriakardinaali" title="Preeriakardinaali – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Preeriakardinaali" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickcissel" title="Dickcissel – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dickcissel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Лускун – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лускун" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiza_americana" title="Spiza americana – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Spiza americana" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiza_americana" title="Spiza americana – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Spiza americana" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E9%9B%80" title="美洲雀 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美洲雀" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spiza&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiza">Spiza</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of bird</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Dickcissel%22">"Dickcissel"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Dickcissel%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Dickcissel%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Dickcissel%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Dickcissel%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Dickcissel%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Dickcissel </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:927_-_DICKCISSEL_(5-28-2018)_rick_evans_prairie_w_m_a,_hemstead_co,_ar_-01_(3)_(42677954221).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/927_-_DICKCISSEL_%285-28-2018%29_rick_evans_prairie_w_m_a%2C_hemstead_co%2C_ar_-01_%283%29_%2842677954221%29.jpg/250px-927_-_DICKCISSEL_%285-28-2018%29_rick_evans_prairie_w_m_a%2C_hemstead_co%2C_ar_-01_%283%29_%2842677954221%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/927_-_DICKCISSEL_%285-28-2018%29_rick_evans_prairie_w_m_a%2C_hemstead_co%2C_ar_-01_%283%29_%2842677954221%29.jpg/330px-927_-_DICKCISSEL_%285-28-2018%29_rick_evans_prairie_w_m_a%2C_hemstead_co%2C_ar_-01_%283%29_%2842677954221%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/927_-_DICKCISSEL_%285-28-2018%29_rick_evans_prairie_w_m_a%2C_hemstead_co%2C_ar_-01_%283%29_%2842677954221%29.jpg/500px-927_-_DICKCISSEL_%285-28-2018%29_rick_evans_prairie_w_m_a%2C_hemstead_co%2C_ar_-01_%283%29_%2842677954221%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1438" data-file-height="1774" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Male in breeding plumage </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:927_-_DICKCISSEL_(5-28-2018)_rick_evans_prairie_w_m_a,_hemstead_co,_ar_-01_(2)_(42677954611).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/927_-_DICKCISSEL_%285-28-2018%29_rick_evans_prairie_w_m_a%2C_hemstead_co%2C_ar_-01_%282%29_%2842677954611%29.jpg/250px-927_-_DICKCISSEL_%285-28-2018%29_rick_evans_prairie_w_m_a%2C_hemstead_co%2C_ar_-01_%282%29_%2842677954611%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/927_-_DICKCISSEL_%285-28-2018%29_rick_evans_prairie_w_m_a%2C_hemstead_co%2C_ar_-01_%282%29_%2842677954611%29.jpg/330px-927_-_DICKCISSEL_%285-28-2018%29_rick_evans_prairie_w_m_a%2C_hemstead_co%2C_ar_-01_%282%29_%2842677954611%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/927_-_DICKCISSEL_%285-28-2018%29_rick_evans_prairie_w_m_a%2C_hemstead_co%2C_ar_-01_%282%29_%2842677954611%29.jpg/500px-927_-_DICKCISSEL_%285-28-2018%29_rick_evans_prairie_w_m_a%2C_hemstead_co%2C_ar_-01_%282%29_%2842677954611%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1346" data-file-height="1673" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Female <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="33" data-mwtitle="Spiza_americana_-_Dickcissel_-_XC82764.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Spiza_americana_-_Dickcissel_-_XC82764.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Spiza_americana_-_Dickcissel_-_XC82764.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/18/Spiza_americana_-_Dickcissel_-_XC82764.ogg/Spiza_americana_-_Dickcissel_-_XC82764.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Song</figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/250px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/500px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Concern">Least Concern</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_status_12_November_2021_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_12_November_2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Spiza" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">Aves</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Passerine" title="Passerine">Passeriformes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cardinalidae" title="Cardinalidae">Cardinalidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Spiza</i></a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lucien_Bonaparte" title="Charles Lucien Bonaparte">Bonaparte</a>, 1824</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>S. americana</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Spiza americana</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Gmelin" title="Johann Friedrich Gmelin">Gmelin</a>, 1789)</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Spiza_americana_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Spiza_americana_map.svg/250px-Spiza_americana_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Spiza_americana_map.svg/330px-Spiza_americana_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Spiza_americana_map.svg/440px-Spiza_americana_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="389" data-file-height="377" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF7F2A; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> Breeding</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFB380; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> Breeding (scarce)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFDD55; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> Migration</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#5F8DD3; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> Nonbreeding</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#87CDDE; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> Nonbreeding (scarce)</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p><i>Emberiza townsendi</i><br /> <i>Emberiza townsendii</i> <small>(<i><a href="/wiki/Lapsus" title="Lapsus">lapsus</a></i>)</small><br /> <i>Spiza townsendi</i><br /> <i>Spiza townsendii</i> <small>(<i><a href="/wiki/Lapsus" title="Lapsus">lapsus</a></i>)</small><br /> (see <a href="#"Townsend's_Dickcissel"">text</a>) </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>The <b>dickcissel</b> (<i><b>Spiza americana</b></i>) is a small <a href="/wiki/Granivore" class="mw-redirect" title="Granivore">seed-eating</a> <a href="/wiki/Bird_migration" title="Bird migration">migratory</a> <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">bird</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> <a href="/wiki/Cardinalidae" title="Cardinalidae">Cardinalidae</a>. It breeds on the prairie grasslands of the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern United States</a> and winters in Central America, northern Colombia, and northern Venezuela. It is the <a href="/wiki/Monotypic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monotypic">only member</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> <i><b>Spiza</b></i>, though some sources list another supposedly <a href="/wiki/Extinct" class="mw-redirect" title="Extinct">extinct</a> species (see below). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dickcissel&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The dickcissel was <a href="/wiki/Species_description" title="Species description">formally described</a> in 1789 by German naturalist <a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Gmelin" title="Johann Friedrich Gmelin">Johann Friedrich Gmelin</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Binomial_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Binomial name">binomial name</a> <i>Emberiza americana</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-gmelin_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gmelin-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gmelin based his account on the "black throated bunting" which the Welsh naturalist <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pennant" title="Thomas Pennant">Thomas Pennant</a> had described and illustrated in 1785 in his <i>Arctic Zoology</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dickcissel is now the only species placed in the genus <i>Spiza</i> that was introduced in 1824 by French naturalist <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lucien_Bonaparte" title="Charles Lucien Bonaparte">Charles Lucien Bonaparte</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ioc_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ioc-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The genus name <i>Spiza</i> is the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> word for a common type of finch, now assumed to be a <a href="/wiki/Chaffinch" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaffinch">chaffinch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The species is <a href="/wiki/Monotypic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monotypic">monotypic</a>; no <a href="/wiki/Subspecies" title="Subspecies">subspecies</a> are recognised.<sup id="cite_ref-ioc_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ioc-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dickcissel is part of a group of the Cardinalidae that also includes <i><a href="/wiki/Amaurospiza" title="Amaurospiza">Amaurospiza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyanocompsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyanocompsa">Cyanocompsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyanoloxia" title="Cyanoloxia">Cyanoloxia</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Passerina" title="Passerina">Passerina</a></i>. <i>Spiza</i> is the only one among these that lacks blue <a href="/wiki/Structural_color" class="mw-redirect" title="Structural color">structural colors</a> in its plumage. Though the color pattern and habits of the dickcissel make it stand apart from other Cardinalidae, its robust, cone-shaped bill – stouter than in <a href="/wiki/American_sparrow" class="mw-redirect" title="American sparrow">American sparrows</a> or <a href="/wiki/Fringillidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fringillidae">true finches</a>, which it somewhat resembles at first glance – gives away its relationships. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Townsend's_dickcissel""><span id=".22Townsend.27s_dickcissel.22"></span>"Townsend's dickcissel"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dickcissel&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: "Townsend's dickcissel""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spiza_townsendi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Spiza_townsendi.jpg/250px-Spiza_townsendi.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Spiza_townsendi.jpg/330px-Spiza_townsendi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Spiza_townsendi.jpg/500px-Spiza_townsendi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Lithograph of "Townsend's Bunting"</figcaption></figure> <p>A problematic specimen is often discussed under the name of <i><b>Spiza townsendi</b></i> (or <i>Spiza townsendii</i>, the original misspelt <a href="/wiki/Specific_name_(zoology)" title="Specific name (zoology)">specific name</a> proposed by <a href="/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon">John James Audubon</a>). This individual was collected on May 11, 1833, by Audubon's colleague <a href="/wiki/John_Kirk_Townsend" title="John Kirk Townsend">John Kirk Townsend</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Garden_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="New Garden Township, Pennsylvania">New Garden Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chester_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Chester County, Pennsylvania">Chester County, Pennsylvania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The specimen remains unique and nothing is known about what it represents with certainty; it had thus even been suggested to be an <a href="/wiki/Extinct" class="mw-redirect" title="Extinct">extinct</a> relative. In 2014, Kyle Blaney photographed the bird in Ontario, proving its continuing existence.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is commonly called "Townsend's dickcissel" (or "Townsend's bunting", "Townsend's finch"<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) in reference to the collector whom the scientific name honors. Rather than a distinct species or subspecies, it is (as certainly as this can be said in absence of direct proof) a color <a href="/wiki/Variant_(zoology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Variant (zoology)">variant</a>. Comparing the birds, it is immediately obvious that the yellow <a href="/wiki/Lipochrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipochrome">lipochrome</a> <a href="/wiki/Pigment" title="Pigment">pigments</a> are entirely absent in "Townsend's dickcissel". The specimen has <a href="/wiki/Foxing" title="Foxing">foxed</a> today, giving it an altogether beige hue, but when originally shot, the olive areas of the head were grey as the cheeks, and the yellow and buff on face and underside was pure white. The brown wings and tail were rufous, due to the <a href="/wiki/Pheomelanin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pheomelanin">pheomelanins</a> not being tinged by lipochromes. </p><p>Thus, this bird is very likely certainly the result of a simple genetic change, perhaps just a single <a href="/wiki/Point_mutation" title="Point mutation">point mutation</a>, affecting some part of the <a href="/wiki/Carotinoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Carotinoid">carotinoid</a> <a href="/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism">metabolism</a> – essentially the same thing that happens in <a href="/wiki/Albinism" title="Albinism">albinism</a>, but in a different <a href="/wiki/Metabolic_pathway" title="Metabolic pathway">metabolic pathway</a>. Though the bird seemed to be healthy and had survived to maturity when it found its untimely end through Townsend's gun, no other such specimens have been documented before, nor ever since. Albinism and other pigment aberrations are not infrequently seen in birds, and the lack of further specimens is somewhat puzzling in that respect. </p><p>No specific details are known about the dickcissel's lipochrome metabolism; it may be more fine-tuned than in other birds, so that most mutations therein will be lethal and Audubon's bird was simply one of the very few individuals that survived. In wild birds, varying from species to species, some color aberrations are less frequently seen than others, and in captive birds such as <a href="/wiki/Domestic_canary" title="Domestic canary">canaries</a>, some color mutations have only arisen a handful of times at most during several centuries of dedicated breeding and screening for novel color variants (see also <a href="/wiki/Budgerigar_colour_genetics" title="Budgerigar colour genetics">Budgerigar colour genetics</a>). While only a complete <a href="/wiki/Molecular_biology" title="Molecular biology">molecular biological</a> study of the dickcissel's metabolism and the specimen's <a href="/wiki/Ancient_DNA" title="Ancient DNA">ancient DNA</a> stands any reasonable chance to resolve the question with certainty, the hypothesis of an extremely uncommon color mutation is plausible, and such phenomena certainly occur in other <a href="/wiki/Passeroidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Passeroidea">Passeroidea</a>. </p><p>Alternatively, the bird was considered a <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)" title="Hybrid (biology)">hybrid</a>, but the present state of knowledge of the dickcissel's relations makes this not very plausible; a number of species exist with which <i>Spiza</i> could conceivably produce hybrids, such as <i>Passerina</i>, but the lack of even the slightest hint of blue structural colors in Townsend's specimen and it moreover being not different from a dickcissel in <a href="/wiki/Morphology_(biology)" title="Morphology (biology)">habitus</a> makes the hybrid theory suspect. Regardless, Townsend observed the bird making vocalizations reminiscent more of an <a href="/wiki/Indigo_bunting" title="Indigo bunting">indigo bunting</a> (<i>Passerina cyanea</i>), and by comparing <a href="/wiki/MtDNA" class="mw-redirect" title="MtDNA">mitochondrial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_DNA" title="Nuclear DNA">nuclear DNA</a> sequences of the specimen with those of the dickcissel, the indigo bunting, and perhaps other <i>Passerina</i>, the hybridization hypothesis should be far more easy to prove or reject than a color aberration. On the other hand, not enough is known on whether dickcissels pick up their characteristic vocalizations from conspecific males or whether they are innate, thus no firm conclusion regarding Townsend's observations has been made. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dickcissel&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dickcissel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Dickcissel.jpg/250px-Dickcissel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Dickcissel.jpg/330px-Dickcissel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Dickcissel.jpg/500px-Dickcissel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1503" data-file-height="1352" /></a><figcaption>Male in nonbreeding plumage - <a href="/wiki/Maywood,_Illinois" title="Maywood, Illinois">Maywood, Illinois</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Their length is 5.5–6.3 in (140–160 mm), wingspan is 9.8–10.2 in (250–260 mm), and weight is0.9–1.4 oz (26–40 g).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dickcissels have a large, pale <a href="/wiki/Beak" title="Beak">bill</a>, a yellow line over the eyes, brownish upperparts with black streaks on the back, dark wings, a rust patch on the shoulders, and light underparts. Adult males have a black throat patch, a yellow breast, and grey cheeks and crown. This head and breast pattern is especially brilliant in the breeding plumage, making it resemble an <a href="/wiki/Eastern_meadowlark" title="Eastern meadowlark">eastern meadowlark</a>. Females and juveniles are brownish on the cheeks and crown, and are somewhat similar in appearance to <a href="/wiki/House_sparrow" title="House sparrow">house sparrows</a>; they have streaked flanks. </p><p>In flight, they make a low, "electric", buzzing <i>fpppt</i>. From an open perch in a field, this bird's song is a sharp <i>dick dick</i> followed by a buzzed <i>cissel</i>, also transcribed as <i>skee-dlees chis chis chis</i> or <i>dick dick ciss ciss ciss</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sibley2000_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sibley2000-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution_and_habitat">Distribution and habitat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dickcissel&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Distribution and habitat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Their breeding <a href="/wiki/Habitat_(ecology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Habitat (ecology)">habitat</a> is fields in <a href="/wiki/Midwest" class="mw-redirect" title="Midwest">midwestern</a> North America. Following the breeding season the species <a href="/wiki/Bird_migration" title="Bird migration">migrates</a> in large flocks to southern Mexico, Central America, and northern South America. They may occur as vagrants well outside of their normal range. From 1966 to 2015 the dickcissel experienced a greater than 1.5% population reduction in the northern part of its breeding range and throughout the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Behaviour_and_ecology">Behaviour and ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dickcissel&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Behaviour and ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Breeding">Breeding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dickcissel&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Breeding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The birds migrate to their breeding range rather late, with the first arriving only in May, with most birds only arriving in early June.<sup id="cite_ref-Henninger_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henninger-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OOS_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OOS-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They nest near the ground in dense grasses or small shrubs, or up to 3–4 ft (91–122 cm) high in bushes and trees. Males may have up to six mates, with most attracting only one or two, and several failing to attract any mates at all. Yet if such "bachelors" survive until the next summer, they will get another try to attract females, as the partners only stay together for raising one brood. Dickcissels are thus among the few <a href="/wiki/Songbird" title="Songbird">songbirds</a> that are truly <a href="/wiki/Polygyny_in_animals" title="Polygyny in animals">polygynous</a>. When they leave for winter quarters by early August or so,<sup id="cite_ref-OOS_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OOS-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> what little pair bond existed during the summer is broken up. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Feeding">Feeding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dickcissel&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Feeding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dickcissels forage on the ground or in fields. They mainly eat <a href="/wiki/Insect" title="Insect">insects</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">seeds</a>. Outside of the nesting season, they usually feed in flocks. They are considered a pest by farmers in some regions because flocks can consume large quantities of cultivated <a href="/wiki/Cereal" title="Cereal">grains</a>. </p><p>Dickcissel populations frequently fluctuate in numbers, even to the extent that their range changes notably. In the early 19th century, dickcissels expanded eastward, establishing a population in <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Mid-Atlantic states">mid-Atlantic states</a> that disappeared around the end of the century. Both appearance and disappearance were probably related to changes in land use.<sup id="cite_ref-Temple_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Temple-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dickcissel&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-iucn_status_12_November_2021-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iucn_status_12_November_2021_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBirdLife_International2016" class="citation journal cs1">BirdLife International (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22723796/94833705">"<i>Spiza americana</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2016</b>: e.T22723796A94833705. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22723796A94833705.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22723796A94833705.en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Spiza+americana&rft.volume=2016&rft.pages=e.T22723796A94833705&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22723796A94833705.en&rft.au=BirdLife+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F22723796%2F94833705&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADickcissel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gmelin-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gmelin_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGmelin1789" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Gmelin" title="Johann Friedrich Gmelin">Gmelin, Johann Friedrich</a> (1789). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25750250"><i>Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis</i></a> (in Latin). 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Vol. 2. London: Printed by Henry Hughs. p. 363, Plate 17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arctic+Zoology&rft.place=London&rft.pages=363%2C+Plate+17&rft.pub=Printed+by+Henry+Hughs&rft.date=1785&rft.aulast=Pennant&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F32122137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADickcissel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPaynter1970" class="citation book cs1">Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14483451"><i>Check-List of Birds of the World</i></a>. Vol. 13. 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(2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/cardinals/">"Cardinals, grosbeaks and (tanager) allies"</a>. <i>IOC World Bird List Version 10.2</i>. International Ornithologists' Union<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IOC+World+Bird+List+Version+10.2&rft.atitle=Cardinals%2C+grosbeaks+and+%28tanager%29+allies&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldbirdnames.org%2Fbow%2Fcardinals%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADickcissel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJobling2010" class="citation book cs1">Jobling, James A. 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Knopf, New York. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-679-45122-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-679-45122-6">0-679-45122-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/bbs/tr2015/trend2015_v3.html">"Dickcissel Spiza americana BBS Trend Map, 1966 - 2015"</a>. <i>USGS</i>. US Department of the Interior<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USGS&rft.atitle=Dickcissel+Spiza+americana+BBS+Trend+Map%2C+1966+-+2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov%2Fbbs%2Ftr2015%2Ftrend2015_v3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADickcissel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Henninger-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Henninger_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHenninger,_W.F.1906" class="citation journal cs1">Henninger, W.F. (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/wilson/v018n02/p0047-p0060.pdf">"A preliminary list of the birds of Seneca County, Ohio"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wilson_Bulletin" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilson Bulletin">Wilson Bull.</a></i> <b>18</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">47–</span>60.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bull.&rft.atitle=A+preliminary+list+of+the+birds+of+Seneca+County%2C+Ohio&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E47-%3C%2Fspan%3E60&rft.date=1906&rft.au=Henninger%2C+W.F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsora.unm.edu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fjournals%2Fwilson%2Fv018n02%2Fp0047-p0060.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADickcissel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OOS-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OOS_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OOS_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ohio Ornithological Society (2004): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ohiobirds.org/publications/OBRClist.pdf">Annotated Ohio state checklist</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040718101517/http://www.ohiobirds.org/publications/OBRClist.pdf">Archived</a> July 18, 2004, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Temple-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Temple_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Temple, S.A. (2002): Dickcissel (<i>Spiza americana</i>). <i>In:</i> Poole, A. & Gill, F. (eds.): <i>The Birds of North America</i> <b>703</b>. <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Natural_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy of Natural Sciences">Academy of Natural Sciences</a>, Philadelphia, PA & <a href="/wiki/American_Ornithologists%27_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="American Ornithologists' Union">American Ornithologists' Union</a>, Washington, D.C.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dickcissel&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Allen_Sibley" title="David Allen Sibley">Sibley, David Allen</a> (2003): <i>The Sibley Field Guide to Birds of Eastern North America</i>. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-679-45120-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-679-45120-X">0-679-45120-X</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dickcissel&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xeno-canto.org/species/Spiza-americana">Xeno-canto: audio recordings of the dickcissel</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.org/animals/birds/animals/dickcissel.html">The Nature Conservancy's Grassland Birds: Dickcissel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100420093112/http://www.nature.org/animals/birds/animals/dickcissel.html">Archived</a> 2010-04-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Dickcissel.html">Dickcissel Species Account</a> – Cornell Lab of Ornithology</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/i6040id.html">Dickcissel – <i>Spiza americana</i></a> – USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vireo.acnatsci.org/search.html?Form=Search&SEARCHBY=Common&KEYWORDS=Dickcissel&showwhat=images&AGE=All&SEX=All&ACT=All&Search=Search&VIEW=All&ORIENTATION=All&RESULTS=24">Dickcissel photo gallery</a> VIREO</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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exist)">Poephilinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aidemosyne" class="mw-redirect" title="Aidemosyne">Aidemosyne</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bathilda" class="mw-redirect" title="Bathilda">Bathilda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Emblema_(bird)" class="mw-redirect" title="Emblema (bird)">Emblema</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heteromunia" class="mw-redirect" title="Heteromunia">Heteromunia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neochmia" title="Neochmia">Neochmia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oreostruthus" class="mw-redirect" title="Oreostruthus">Oreostruthus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Poephila" title="Poephila">Poephila</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stagonopleura" title="Stagonopleura">Stagonopleura</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stizoptera" class="mw-redirect" title="Stizoptera">Stizoptera</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taeniopygia" class="mw-redirect" title="Taeniopygia">Taeniopygia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Passeridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Passeridae">Passeridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Carpospiza" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpospiza">Carpospiza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gymnoris" title="Gymnoris">Gymnoris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hypocryptadius" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypocryptadius">Hypocryptadius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Montifringilla" title="Montifringilla">Montifringilla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Onychostruthus" class="mw-redirect" title="Onychostruthus">Onychostruthus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Passer" title="Passer">Passer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Petronia" class="mw-redirect" title="Petronia">Petronia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrgilauda" title="Pyrgilauda">Pyrgilauda</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ploceidae" title="Ploceidae">Ploceidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amblyospiza" class="mw-redirect" title="Amblyospiza">Amblyospiza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anaplectes" title="Anaplectes">Anaplectes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brachycope" class="mw-redirect" title="Brachycope">Brachycope</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bubalornis" title="Bubalornis">Bubalornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dinemellia" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinemellia">Dinemellia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Euplectes" title="Euplectes">Euplectes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Foudia" class="mw-redirect" title="Foudia">Foudia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Histurgops" class="mw-redirect" title="Histurgops">Histurgops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Malimbus" title="Malimbus">Malimbus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philetairus" class="mw-redirect" title="Philetairus">Philetairus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plocepasser" class="mw-redirect" title="Plocepasser">Plocepasser</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ploceus" title="Ploceus">Ploceus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudonigrita" title="Pseudonigrita">Pseudonigrita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quelea" title="Quelea">Quelea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sporopipes" title="Sporopipes">Sporopipes</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prunellidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Prunellidae">Prunellidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Prunella_(bird)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prunella (bird)">Prunella</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Urocynchramidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Urocynchramidae">Urocynchramidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Urocynchramus" class="mw-redirect" title="Urocynchramus">Urocynchramus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Viduidae" title="Viduidae">Viduidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anomalospiza" class="mw-redirect" title="Anomalospiza">Anomalospiza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vidua" title="Vidua">Vidua</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nine-primaried_oscine" title="Nine-primaried oscine">Nine-primaried oscines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>See below ↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Nine-primaried_oscines302" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nine-primaried_oscine" title="Nine-primaried oscine">Nine-primaried oscines</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fringillidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fringillidae">Fringillidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carduelinae" title="Carduelinae">Carduelinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Redpoll" title="Redpoll">Acanthis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agraphospiza" class="mw-redirect" title="Agraphospiza">Agraphospiza</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aidemedia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aidemedia (page does not exist)">Aidemedia</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Akialoa" title="Akialoa">Akialoa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bucanetes" title="Bucanetes">Bucanetes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Callacanthis" class="mw-redirect" title="Callacanthis">Callacanthis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carduelis" title="Carduelis">Carduelis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carpodacus" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpodacus">Carpodacus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Chloridops" title="Chloridops">Chloridops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Greenfinch" title="Greenfinch">Chloris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chlorodrepanis" title="Chlorodrepanis">Chlorodrepanis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chrysocorythus" title="Chrysocorythus">Chrysocorythus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Ciridops" title="Ciridops">Ciridops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coccothraustes" class="mw-redirect" title="Coccothraustes">Coccothraustes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crithagra" title="Crithagra">Crithagra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Drepanis" title="Drepanis">Drepanis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Dysmorodrepanis" class="mw-redirect" title="Dysmorodrepanis">Dysmorodrepanis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eophona" title="Eophona">Eophona</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Haemorhous" class="mw-redirect" title="Haemorhous">Haemorhous</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hemignathus" title="Hemignathus">Hemignathus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hesperiphona" title="Hesperiphona">Hesperiphona</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Himatione" title="Himatione">Himatione</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leucosticte" class="mw-redirect" title="Leucosticte">Leucosticte</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Linaria" title="Linaria">Linaria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Linurgus" class="mw-redirect" title="Linurgus">Linurgus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Loxia" class="mw-redirect" title="Loxia">Loxia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Loxioides" title="Loxioides">Loxioides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Loxops" title="Loxops">Loxops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magumma" class="mw-redirect" title="Magumma">Magumma</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Melamprosops" class="mw-redirect" title="Melamprosops">Melamprosops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mycerobas" title="Mycerobas">Mycerobas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oreomystis" class="mw-redirect" title="Oreomystis">Oreomystis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Orthiospiza" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthiospiza">Orthiospiza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Palmeria_(bird)" class="mw-redirect" title="Palmeria (bird)">Palmeria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paroreomyza" title="Paroreomyza">Paroreomyza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pinicola" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinicola">Pinicola</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Procarduelis" class="mw-redirect" title="Procarduelis">Procarduelis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudonestor" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudonestor">Pseudonestor</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Psittirostra" class="mw-redirect" title="Psittirostra">Psittirostra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrrhula" title="Pyrrhula">Pyrrhula</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrrhoplectes" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrrhoplectes">Pyrrhoplectes</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Rhodacanthis" title="Rhodacanthis">Rhodacanthis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhodopechys" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodopechys">Rhodopechys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhodospiza" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodospiza">Rhodospiza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhynchostruthus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhynchostruthus">Rhynchostruthus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Serinus" title="Serinus">Serinus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spinus_(bird)" title="Spinus (bird)">Spinus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Telespiza" title="Telespiza">Telespiza</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vangulifer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vangulifer (page does not exist)">Vangulifer</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Viridonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Viridonia">Viridonia</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Xestospiza" title="Xestospiza">Xestospiza</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Euphoniinae" title="Euphoniinae">Euphoniinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chlorophonia" title="Chlorophonia">Chlorophonia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Euphonia" title="Euphonia">Euphonia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fringillinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fringillinae">Fringillinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fringilla" title="Fringilla">Fringilla</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Motacillidae" title="Motacillidae">Motacillidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anthus" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthus">Anthus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dendronanthus" class="mw-redirect" title="Dendronanthus">Dendronanthus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Macronyx" class="mw-redirect" title="Macronyx">Macronyx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Motacilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Motacilla">Motacilla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tmetothylacus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tmetothylacus">Tmetothylacus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peucedramidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Peucedramidae">Peucedramidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Peucedramus" class="mw-redirect" title="Peucedramus">Peucedramus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Emberizoidea" title="Emberizoidea">Emberizoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>See below ↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Emberizoidea302" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Emberizoidea" title="Emberizoidea">Emberizoidea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calcariidae" title="Calcariidae">Calcariidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Calcarius" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcarius">Calcarius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plectrophenax" title="Plectrophenax">Plectrophenax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhynchophanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhynchophanes">Rhynchophanes</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calyptophilidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Calyptophilidae">Calyptophilidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Calyptophilus" title="Calyptophilus">Calyptophilus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cardinalidae" title="Cardinalidae">Cardinalidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaurospiza" title="Amaurospiza">Amaurospiza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cardinalis" title="Cardinalis">Cardinalis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Caryothraustes" title="Caryothraustes">Caryothraustes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chlorothraupis" title="Chlorothraupis">Chlorothraupis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyanocompsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyanocompsa">Cyanocompsa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyanoloxia" title="Cyanoloxia">Cyanoloxia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Granatellus" title="Granatellus">Granatellus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Habia_(bird)" class="mw-redirect" title="Habia (bird)">Habia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Passerina" title="Passerina">Passerina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Periporphyrus" title="Periporphyrus">Periporphyrus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pheucticus" title="Pheucticus">Pheucticus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piranga" title="Piranga">Piranga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spiza" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiza">Spiza</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Emberizidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Emberizidae">Emberizidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Emberiza" title="Emberiza">Emberiza</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Icteridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Icteridae">Icteridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>See below ↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Icteriidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Icteriidae">Icteriidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Icteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Icteria">Icteria</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mitrospingidae" title="Mitrospingidae">Mitrospingidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lamprospiza" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamprospiza">Lamprospiza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mitrospingus" title="Mitrospingus">Mitrospingus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orthogonys" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthogonys">Orthogonys</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nesospingidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nesospingidae">Nesospingidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nesospingus" class="mw-redirect" title="Nesospingus">Nesospingus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parulidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Parulidae">Parulidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Basileuterus" title="Basileuterus">Basileuterus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cardellina" title="Cardellina">Cardellina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Catharopeza" class="mw-redirect" title="Catharopeza">Catharopeza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geothlypis" class="mw-redirect" title="Geothlypis">Geothlypis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Helmitheros" class="mw-redirect" title="Helmitheros">Helmitheros</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leucopeza" class="mw-redirect" title="Leucopeza">Leucopeza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leiothlypis" title="Leiothlypis">Leiothlypis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Limnothlypis" class="mw-redirect" title="Limnothlypis">Limnothlypis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mniotilta" class="mw-redirect" title="Mniotilta">Mniotilta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Myioborus" class="mw-redirect" title="Myioborus">Myioborus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Myiothlypis" title="Myiothlypis">Myiothlypis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oporornis" class="mw-redirect" title="Oporornis">Oporornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oreothlypis" title="Oreothlypis">Oreothlypis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parkesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parkesia">Parkesia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Protonotaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Protonotaria">Protonotaria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seiurus" class="mw-redirect" title="Seiurus">Seiurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Setophaga" title="Setophaga">Setophaga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vermivora" title="Vermivora">Vermivora</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Passerellidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Passerellidae">Passerellidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aimophila" title="Aimophila">Aimophila</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ammodramus" title="Ammodramus">Ammodramus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ammospiza" title="Ammospiza">Ammospiza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amphispiza" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphispiza">Amphispiza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amphispizopsis" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphispizopsis">Amphispizopsis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arremon" title="Arremon">Arremon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arremonops" title="Arremonops">Arremonops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemisiospiza" title="Artemisiospiza">Artemisiospiza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atlapetes" title="Atlapetes">Atlapetes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Calamospiza" class="mw-redirect" title="Calamospiza">Calamospiza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Centronyx" title="Centronyx">Centronyx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chlorospingus" title="Chlorospingus">Chlorospingus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chondestes" class="mw-redirect" title="Chondestes">Chondestes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Junco" title="Junco">Junco</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Melospiza" title="Melospiza">Melospiza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Melozone" title="Melozone">Melozone</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oreothraupis" class="mw-redirect" title="Oreothraupis">Oreothraupis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oriturus" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriturus">Oriturus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Passerculus" title="Passerculus">Passerculus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Passerella" class="mw-redirect" title="Passerella">Passerella</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedinorhis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pedinorhis (page does not exist)">Pedinorhis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peucaea" title="Peucaea">Peucaea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pezopetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Pezopetes">Pezopetes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pipilo" title="Pipilo">Pipilo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pooecetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Pooecetes">Pooecetes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhynchospiza" title="Rhynchospiza">Rhynchospiza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spizella" title="Spizella">Spizella</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spizelloides" class="mw-redirect" title="Spizelloides">Spizelloides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Torreornis" class="mw-redirect" title="Torreornis">Torreornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xenospiza" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenospiza">Xenospiza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zonotrichia" title="Zonotrichia">Zonotrichia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phaenicophilidae" title="Phaenicophilidae">Phaenicophilidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Microligea" class="mw-redirect" title="Microligea">Microligea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phaenicophilus" title="Phaenicophilus">Phaenicophilus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xenoligea" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenoligea">Xenoligea</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rhodinocichlidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodinocichlidae">Rhodinocichlidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhodinocichla" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodinocichla">Rhodinocichla</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spindalidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Spindalidae">Spindalidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Spindalis" title="Spindalis">Spindalis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Teretistridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Teretistridae">Teretistridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Teretistris" class="mw-redirect" title="Teretistris">Teretistris</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thraupidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Thraupidae">Thraupidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>See below ↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Icteridae302" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Icteridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Icteridae">Icteridae</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>incertae sedis</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cremaster_(genus)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cremaster (genus) (page does not exist)">Cremaster</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Pandanaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandanaris">Pandanaris</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyelorhamphus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyelorhamphus (page does not exist)">Pyelorhamphus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agelaiinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agelaiinae (page does not exist)">Agelaiinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Agelaioides" class="mw-redirect" title="Agelaioides">Agelaioides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agelaius" title="Agelaius">Agelaius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agelasticus" title="Agelasticus">Agelasticus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amblyramphus" class="mw-redirect" title="Amblyramphus">Amblyramphus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anumara" class="mw-redirect" title="Anumara">Anumara</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chrysomus" title="Chrysomus">Chrysomus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Curaeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Curaeus">Curaeus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dives_(bird)" title="Dives (bird)">Dives</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Euphagus" title="Euphagus">Euphagus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gnorimopsar" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnorimopsar">Gnorimopsar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gymnomystax" class="mw-redirect" title="Gymnomystax">Gymnomystax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hypopyrrhus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypopyrrhus">Hypopyrrhus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lampropsar" class="mw-redirect" title="Lampropsar">Lampropsar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Macroagelaius" title="Macroagelaius">Macroagelaius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Molothrus" class="mw-redirect" title="Molothrus">Molothrus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nesopsar" class="mw-redirect" title="Nesopsar">Nesopsar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oreopsar" class="mw-redirect" title="Oreopsar">Oreopsar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudoleistes" title="Pseudoleistes">Pseudoleistes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ptiloxena" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptiloxena">Ptiloxena</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quiscalus" title="Quiscalus">Quiscalus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xanthopsar" class="mw-redirect" title="Xanthopsar">Xanthopsar</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amblycercinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amblycercinae (page does not exist)">Amblycercinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amblycercus" class="mw-redirect" title="Amblycercus">Amblycercus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cassicinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cassicinae (page does not exist)">Cassicinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cacicus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cacicus">Cacicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cassiculus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassiculus">Cassiculus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Psarocolius" class="mw-redirect" title="Psarocolius">Psarocolius</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolichonychinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dolichonychinae (page does not exist)">Dolichonychinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dolichonyx" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolichonyx">Dolichonyx</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icterinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Icterinae (page does not exist)">Icterinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Icterus_(bird)" class="mw-redirect" title="Icterus (bird)">Icterus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sturnellinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sturnellinae (page does not exist)">Sturnellinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Leistes" title="Leistes">Leistes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sturnella" title="Sturnella">Sturnella</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xanthocephalinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xanthocephalinae (page does not exist)">Xanthocephalinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Xanthocephalus" class="mw-redirect" title="Xanthocephalus">Xanthocephalus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Thraupidae302" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Thraupidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Thraupidae">Thraupidae</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catamblyrhynchinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catamblyrhynchinae (page does not exist)">Catamblyrhynchinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Catamblyrhynchus" class="mw-redirect" title="Catamblyrhynchus">Catamblyrhynchus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charitospizinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charitospizinae (page does not exist)">Charitospizinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Charitospiza" class="mw-redirect" title="Charitospiza">Charitospiza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parkerthraustes" class="mw-redirect" title="Parkerthraustes">Parkerthraustes</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coerebinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coerebinae (page does not exist)">Coerebinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Asemospiza" title="Asemospiza">Asemospiza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Camarhynchus" title="Camarhynchus">Camarhynchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Certhidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Certhidea">Certhidea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coereba" class="mw-redirect" title="Coereba">Coereba</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Euneornis" class="mw-redirect" title="Euneornis">Euneornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geospiza" title="Geospiza">Geospiza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Loxigilla" title="Loxigilla">Loxigilla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Loxipasser" class="mw-redirect" title="Loxipasser">Loxipasser</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Melanospiza" title="Melanospiza">Melanospiza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Melopyrrha" title="Melopyrrha">Melopyrrha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phonipara" class="mw-redirect" title="Phonipara">Phonipara</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pinaroloxias" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinaroloxias">Pinaroloxias</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Platyspiza" class="mw-redirect" title="Platyspiza">Platyspiza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tiaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiaris">Tiaris</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dacninae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dacninae (page does not exist)">Dacninae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyanerpes" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyanerpes">Cyanerpes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dacnis" title="Dacnis">Dacnis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tersina" class="mw-redirect" title="Tersina">Tersina</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diglossinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diglossinae (page does not exist)">Diglossinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acanthidops" class="mw-redirect" title="Acanthidops">Acanthidops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Catamenia_(bird)" title="Catamenia (bird)">Catamenia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conirostrum" title="Conirostrum">Conirostrum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flowerpiercer" title="Flowerpiercer">Diglossa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geospizopsis" title="Geospizopsis">Geospizopsis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Haplospiza" title="Haplospiza">Haplospiza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Idiopsar" title="Idiopsar">Idiopsar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Melanodera" title="Melanodera">Melanodera</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nesospiza" title="Nesospiza">Nesospiza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phrygilus" title="Phrygilus">Phrygilus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rowettia" class="mw-redirect" title="Rowettia">Rowettia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sicalis" title="Sicalis">Sicalis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xenodacnis" title="Xenodacnis">Xenodacnis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emberizoidinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emberizoidinae (page does not exist)">Emberizoidinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Coryphaspiza" class="mw-redirect" title="Coryphaspiza">Coryphaspiza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Emberizoides" title="Emberizoides">Emberizoides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Embernagra" title="Embernagra">Embernagra</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemithraupinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hemithraupinae (page does not exist)">Hemithraupinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chrysothlypis" title="Chrysothlypis">Chrysothlypis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chlorophanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlorophanes">Chlorophanes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hemithraupis" title="Hemithraupis">Hemithraupis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heterospingus" title="Heterospingus">Heterospingus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iridophanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Iridophanes">Iridophanes</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nemosiinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nemosiinae (page does not exist)">Nemosiinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Compsothraupis" class="mw-redirect" title="Compsothraupis">Compsothraupis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyanicterus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyanicterus">Cyanicterus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nemosia" title="Nemosia">Nemosia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sericossypha" class="mw-redirect" title="Sericossypha">Sericossypha</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchesticinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orchesticinae (page does not exist)">Orchesticinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Orchesticus" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchesticus">Orchesticus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poospizinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poospizinae (page does not exist)">Poospizinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Castanozoster" class="mw-redirect" title="Castanozoster">Castanozoster</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cnemoscopus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cnemoscopus">Cnemoscopus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cypsnagra" class="mw-redirect" title="Cypsnagra">Cypsnagra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Donacospiza" class="mw-redirect" title="Donacospiza">Donacospiza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kleinothraupis" title="Kleinothraupis">Kleinothraupis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microspingus" title="Microspingus">Microspingus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nephelornis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nephelornis">Nephelornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piezorina" class="mw-redirect" title="Piezorina">Piezorina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Poospiza" title="Poospiza">Poospiza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Poospizopsis" title="Poospizopsis">Poospizopsis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudospingus" title="Pseudospingus">Pseudospingus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sphenopsis" title="Sphenopsis">Sphenopsis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thlypopsis" title="Thlypopsis">Thlypopsis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Urothraupis" class="mw-redirect" title="Urothraupis">Urothraupis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xenospingus" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenospingus">Xenospingus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Porphyrospizinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Porphyrospizinae (page does not exist)">Porphyrospizinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Incaspiza" class="mw-redirect" title="Incaspiza">Incaspiza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhopospina" title="Rhopospina">Rhopospina</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saltatorinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saltatorinae (page does not exist)">Saltatorinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Saltator" title="Saltator">Saltator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saltatricula" title="Saltatricula">Saltatricula</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sporophilinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sporophilinae (page does not exist)">Sporophilinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sporophila" title="Sporophila">Sporophila</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tachyphoninae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tachyphoninae (page does not exist)">Tachyphoninae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Conothraupis" title="Conothraupis">Conothraupis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coryphospingus" title="Coryphospingus">Coryphospingus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Creurgops" title="Creurgops">Creurgops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eucometis" class="mw-redirect" title="Eucometis">Eucometis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heliothraupis" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliothraupis">Heliothraupis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lanio" title="Lanio">Lanio</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Loriotus" title="Loriotus">Loriotus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramphocelus" title="Ramphocelus">Ramphocelus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhodospingus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodospingus">Rhodospingus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tachyphonus" title="Tachyphonus">Tachyphonus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trichothraupis" class="mw-redirect" title="Trichothraupis">Trichothraupis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Volatinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Volatinia">Volatinia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thraupinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thraupinae (page does not exist)">Thraupinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anisognathus" title="Anisognathus">Anisognathus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bangsia" title="Bangsia">Bangsia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buthraupis" class="mw-redirect" title="Buthraupis">Buthraupis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Calochaetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Calochaetes">Calochaetes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chalcothraupis" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalcothraupis">Chalcothraupis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chlorochrysa" title="Chlorochrysa">Chlorochrysa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chlorornis" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlorornis">Chlorornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cissopis" class="mw-redirect" title="Cissopis">Cissopis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cnemathraupis" title="Cnemathraupis">Cnemathraupis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diuca" class="mw-redirect" title="Diuca">Diuca</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dubusia" title="Dubusia">Dubusia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iridosornis" title="Iridosornis">Iridosornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ixothraupis" title="Ixothraupis">Ixothraupis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lophospingus" title="Lophospingus">Lophospingus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neothraupis" class="mw-redirect" title="Neothraupis">Neothraupis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paroaria" title="Paroaria">Paroaria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pipraeidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipraeidea">Pipraeidea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Poecilostreptus" title="Poecilostreptus">Poecilostreptus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudosaltator" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudosaltator">Pseudosaltator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rauenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Rauenia">Rauenia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Schistochlamys" title="Schistochlamys">Schistochlamys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sporathraupis" class="mw-redirect" title="Sporathraupis">Sporathraupis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stephanophorus" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephanophorus">Stephanophorus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stilpnia" title="Stilpnia">Stilpnia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tangara_(bird)" title="Tangara (bird)">Tangara</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tephrophilus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tephrophilus">Tephrophilus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thraupis" title="Thraupis">Thraupis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wetmorethraupis" class="mw-redirect" title="Wetmorethraupis">Wetmorethraupis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers5255" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers5255" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Spiza americana</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1210224" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q1210224">Q1210224</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Spiza_americana" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Spiza americana">Spiza americana</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/American_Birding_Association" title="American Birding Association">ABA</a>: <span class="uid">dickci</span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Spiza_americana/">Spiza_americana</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ARKive" title="ARKive">ARKive</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.arkive.org/wd/spiza-americana/">spiza-americana</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Avibase" title="Avibase">Avibase</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=592E58CE67D092DA">592E58CE67D092DA</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/BirdLife_International" title="BirdLife International">BirdLife</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22723796">22723796</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bench.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=16077">16077</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Birds_of_the_World" title="Birds of the World">BOW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/dickci">dickci</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4Z99P">4Z99P</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EBird" title="EBird">eBird</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ebird.org/species/dickci">dickci</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/1052104">1052104</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/European_Nature_Information_System" class="mw-redirect" title="European Nature Information System">EUNIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/species/101350">101350</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/European_Union_for_Bird_Ringing" title="European Union for Bird Ringing">EURING</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://euring.org/edb/species-maps/sp18840.htm">18840</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:faunaeur.org:taxname:97543">97543</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea (new)</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/f66117f4-c0cc-4975-b69d-e70b52896af4">f66117f4-c0cc-4975-b69d-e70b52896af4</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2490363">2490363</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">GNAB: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.audubon.org/field-guide/bird/dickcissel">dickcissel</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/10676">10676</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10197210">10197210</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=179165">179165</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/22723796">22723796</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/NatureServe" title="NatureServe">NatureServe</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.106001/">2.106001</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=84854">84854</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Neotropical_Birds_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Neotropical Birds Online">Neotropical</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://neotropical.birds.cornell.edu/Species-Account/nb/species/dickci">dickci</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/79044/">79044</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ohio_Department_of_Natural_Resources" title="Ohio Department of Natural Resources">ODNR</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/http://wildlife.ohiodnr.gov/species-and-habitats/species-guide-index/birds/dickcissel">dickcissel</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=364334">364334</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=369239">369239</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=422672">422672</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Xeno-canto" title="Xeno-canto">Xeno-canto</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://xeno-canto.org/species/Spiza-americana">Spiza-americana</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link 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