CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "journals.aps.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '8e93bb02ec5e91b7',cH: 'bB4ET3lcbCm.zx2uFb69aRR4UTS5D.IAGSj.1wjDmdY-1732727414-1.2.1.1-B51sp61w5WQ1_ISFfpQdmiVe_mnoYnCz37f9lgyCceejjNJLYrYORdX8TJy7Ytwd',cUPMDTk: "\/pre\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevE.80.041928?__cf_chl_tk=QupgmKcEUnzJ7NVL1ow.houA7XXSSJ3lmd.jFrMCo4U-1732727414-1.0.1.1-bAuepD21tKAHevHIHz_ehg2Z9QKXkZW4Lyj5PdfNF0s",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1732727414',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/pre\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevE.80.041928?__cf_chl_f_tk=QupgmKcEUnzJ7NVL1ow.houA7XXSSJ3lmd.jFrMCo4U-1732727414-1.0.1.1-bAuepD21tKAHevHIHz_ehg2Z9QKXkZW4Lyj5PdfNF0s",md: "9Emiuqe4LTvZZPDMAge9Kw0BRUKzzoTMhAPacbEVQHY-1732727414-1.2.1.1-qHjeaivwKUxybQ_UqsxcCwFSKjpwoL68QrVe2F7EBoMXANbmDxzPf74qsXGu7t5t20r7meI68jnPQGVmzjXfH3eZUzXccZC_cEyyAsHT9JxcpWNYdxpL4spWcpjWzqseOI_7BAdgG07Qy._wxbGeYYXKj6bF848Xaqy7eIH583uo64kbWFKAb8qU1AOs2UYfhcZPFB7oBWIk2_kY5M2cxh1FU8QOipAUMNdQwQ6Na8wd4bZHLQr8jkuD1jpixATxr.RNxulgKHpUF0JD.JWe60uB1lm2FU0JTqG6Px4zIyrXfrQjre8Ge3uTdh7lxu0jtglYP2YzB5QACXG01dCrg7_y_sDi2.ingAsOsMUnHlpB_OXhGEBNgtHOxPObp1tI_kxVoCV5fZMWbGfppJ_a0ouFbXw5c2vaRY_vKyWbwcM3HxkYHlzXFSERFJ4yy4Wd0BYVEAOsd4USHEHcMwwdblLlMHrISMEQ05xFR9U2zNEHNTAKgfRTc9l3UYenZf38Dhj53onYA3NMk3rxx..We5l9Qgto9Cie9mHVc2QDGSqnItLaNoSpfco27XLQ6yi5vxgXzejNlJBHkf7RP.oZ0VlgzZKZpKSLYzloPjQq_mbzmmXpqx6AaGVfHHa.41NwUtBOdyt1hKlsYDx0ZVOxSqsLUbChuBlbTQBG3vXvW1WoG0WFiiohQkAcdBT4waZ5kctBGZDKUZoRJpnVeuUfig0IjPeqEpAD6wu812ncCOc86audY3aB5rJIgI4qJUtvHun_pJoEpcFQTtbxZ6UJ8v1UopizS1uNJ6F7Jq9eUUXmEBNAatdVZpYivkEuKEUIDR1FW1H33TiEAg5ZZEqQibtYxUdF0vAQAnyu4q1RqaiqRcyF.lsNgvHuDFF7fZm2NmW_zJgPyGGxono5zuAdX_9qtZkxnkpG_YagavKoEQL4mLCP1ydShyPW32OOeng6s3PgucBtoFAajJoMYA1klHyI2SgKnwLdy2afDdDuCbH08uQThWNhHSySJpEo6JUJjmS4VuLJmLvwIRCJQE0w5RwTGraYpG1b429CQKIEGEkZV1ErRC_VSamxmxStkPrXiv68BTkkFdaf6Cp1ty3PzeiJfvZPjC_s.zXzNwtoTgeKfdkCHGS133XAa8waq4rICm4hQ3wDO49MghVrccVW7cigrjK32.O68NHABE0Eq1QnptWzguTnA6w24BX_Uun0t52duRK2WBpLfx754w49xkw.NwtsCxH24HD6eV7DmnXwFuo7XVs_OcpERrNVyxdC3mbRpkKcgKGYCJLuDfZw2hYtOaD.PBf55FTwnEj32YDwIn2AE_e.nnwGgxxtqr2bvgBNYaC_dNnbjexuw2j6HevfkEw9deJ8LvQFDagiXtjbwCKnipt3VqGTG_zkxAy1jPkNjTshkApShFOWVxgDObx1VsWfuu98p_lEV.4Ga6vYrw6.MvoR1vTmOlJnX2dYX6Fak_o6gRNVl6Dj3NC08Dt4RR51v1lIFDHzmaFyEHDtKWyetsE0xJmTXwQIUZlOvwNn0hXGd7ED9fkYLR5lKArn.R9gT1EBXvQnLvTK67bGGq7pN79KqyOKzhmTLCZEjb9yEpW.YYOUmU1Dup2u_iziuhmIhsPTbvWu.tDEwFkcdFeVNxTbNBkCqPkF8K6Ohq.k4fXiSverWGdbkcc2egdNBWVYFAdciZ_nvzNGEF_34QfVJMFE0M0.Re8h777ksZSG7Hoiqiff79VdAIPBAVKgop_dFSRLKsiHcBSS1KrucfT5wSPSAYl3HQ38kPQARPJaXqYc0SWGZ4fpXH6iYpzDFpR1MMQtN8vAzHFVk8V2NMDOcAvQZhZPXbyniJLPJuREO80ja0.phPSOYnic9hhyjeuyeaGbZMJEd8EzVnOxmaAy7BzmkafSWbrWp7fCu8Dr6pftxBRxaOJjeu5AUQwNiOq3lTnvxvE4AFy4JyGE4Kxl7oFOs4F8jYHDZltiYSJjtwJ4UDIiwvWhIAX0p5UJQTTgaft0V2xW5rOdrIEHRFJ30O49jcF8KJagmZoHQbesq3tNTyKj7TB80iBIweCsivVXqWvQhOGzkulu1X6WcQi3BLu0By9uPTdS90eMByVOxnkxm971ycYV87q8EYF8vbKpVywPqchwUPCK9nuN0fFVJJc1ZJ6Lscvl.pHwaGXvXNSUN1hRHLp1AC.XkW3xSAZG0fpfUWjeLIzXKd4GRBoitS_XZssE7u6UxBYEESPy5HaebEnhnWUkc2rABLhc7BUdwrY8UAzRCpYmWXXOi85_ItW7CJ3B6NrKS5xvJcHWjwJuh61FrsD7Ijv4hcV1t5GdX27H3zE8L.pDoez8cKkjeVpR2xT6NlYpPg85SgTrQiM2PFT5z7buz5x6xaA6buI5k38wN2Y.Lu0st4EH5iTE4aOrJ5uQ8v8wJqkW5md5iiAtVnz5CvOYZq634vJ886Eh5AkZePQ0njKaBDqbnrjrtIWA0M_FujUEVXOu91V2.wp8.uLHrBKZxLPLSEfP1MvKoxWJUBhJpYMTNgnqSkyK5tJ798ZtAkHS2mBi9KaYw_rNhfWc3mgexGAv3Yx_6zWb4RsLnD3vVAxiC6pwdDzne2cpqzQpzt6r37NgviTm_aIqsIULT8eSvq0vyDfFWypq9QtHEbdJwcpK3E65jMAJT2dwGGbLWfSrZq_6EVlfbxZzyznO_xuvRF0H5FfNfwZFMEe16qcRtxza2xRd5i7cCAYucowzlv75y_AcLlzm3W03RDkyoi6SLmZes30KAfg83Yj9vmQxgFbEEstparvT5whzShT.cfNNInBWI2_HYVG_9U4xsme.eRIgfqTqzu7J452Q9yboTlKXzqUbi61LMGz3PP4WIZoYcdXrzMT3AkuDNTd6zrYYzM9UlJgCaje8w2lbgrKzYLKN2bWklXW672Pb_wvhdvovyi8XcCnHG5bIxzC92vlk6x.JCmVaompK6sGtR.CNYUu.cSI",mdrd: "j6q8P1AFnKp.aJ8WGwEE.dzoXuP1wwSNt8OLLfYwtSI-1732727414-1.2.1.1-_UYACLDf1SmjlOFqHhlgSJO0N3xUCcGV_w3jnIxYfEL2e_jMo_8CuvcwFqaaVSBjLqWX38hRzYmRDJBPmkVAr49u5dAq1x.J_gWeUWO3aw4DcFFqCTTF9umcQDVWfEKZiRN5nB6vioMPYdt_TCWA9_AFX8DPoyGQVqFKHZofeCk7vbGBWqSDA__rfaDWCemAj1F_lAi34bjzE8fLNBsQJ9hbKqFmrrRd4DhXjeWyg7SbvUvkUct_rbKum4sg5BdLymsCj2H3_XEO6gmUNQDYHd35sRbKiqrC_lzrMlPGuQlIOocfpDzmd9kFwKaXU.FX3iTcpJ01PKmJLK.jMz_btkZeOhQHidnBujRFHvMV3c3toZ3G0Zxusxn6M8WydRRDsw7JMUR3YzYNrYlZXOJG1uORj2QRmkTNJN6z.T8l2cmpIRA3WwBvNOIQj_qcZhy2jN_JlArJORrA94QWfhgPgeCM9J9LexAOucL3zinz5oKAXmqHO_1YZ7MOsomeLoO0mW0EQCuHIEhB70uBwKqJlrvRb1uV_FxdmTheTi5H47Vj27me7r58cg86jcTvLpSavpNM7OdXVSKKpowdpxLpbrGdAMTF0zqqejiMAFWBibMFJ0.VXL4RAQJUrK3uwnLgMTv8wDd9I3sskji4AWwK7N.lTsIvcnHM99okO7wDSOH0Bdv09pSUvIOBvLNAUifwODGxCO8F9RuYj2EBtxiW8dZqKn9MuwdQ5O375gkbU1OWrdGwWFc.mfm.i4O7IrshIJmsLhHw5Qr6u.GMZxrkxzSpT_MvI8.03Hk7Y64gagEIigOLfeIdG4wmAA_YxgC5gLSZKdIBQdw3Oj5E770wIIZ6RL8ytFvd7w9yzN1AdagJw6rG1mQysD_yTIoY.jgKuc_XBhc8Rhz6EYXKjZ5RDh06s08KaQR3sjK0Um8fjIf6fOJRNYDAtRaUaLJkdpiuEfE7DKJuhf.e03.abb67aitBujlbFrHrjkjtz7vZLyBJZQRomuLIfOx4WoEJMQnEZbr4Hx1rHwIdt5mstDywEYjGfoktPHx332NW_GsfNoLF.3dFk87gClsKYrnMfTX7cAKPr3.D0yFxHACWCSV8Gr.qPNilMCQ2XQg8ctb.3wH_.bM2CAR45QayHXkSiSFcdSLjeT9GHH0JM2N00jjdPNQUKhiZZ72TqN7MZu0wQvH0ny.Nu9YnzMOCXdOat3p9sm209fPE6qMVYF4nqMS423uWZMdJ6S_dYBP6hSwVUPOMTTi._gDqf7jkuoSfHNyLl_ZM_qcGlLycKUzHANEDVqEspbG_aBubt7NqK7Xm.fD1BNUxfdd3LVahAVq5TjibgEWVzHu.ARqxGkyBKfQigMcVq6TPfIsM.Qj0vnz4R38aSeG9takVXsArkLMlHqD1j74TvF5TzVM9mLSiNpOfmJwBSUI3ib4ptDlbbgPfCYqCTLJ2csRtoc6H_CF7r8uVA6P_W4WgojvFUMhzKIDQmZqgteplDIOuCYFtoX36kdsdN_9NuXBZ0ZZVu8NFmHxXn.ql6LfCUWCEcrPUYYf7P6mft_jm6U9G_xquzpDsat0uKYVJYtTpoWlspWyCvA8E6uOQqwNdkU2Mk_p1LOB2Ej5egTQJ67bZDqF5iXg_Xb2wstV0ouZSAUNvsKfUzo1TO6Nju8YR2tce2W5rBfrxllggjzd6lFm3OsWDR9rBEDtFmEtcOtUXI85TvLqsVQ6_vkX9b1yQozwZ90aMPaxWztNazxkMOHxCAhMI3f92qg4.jE3JtqS0YszmkHYSUMjLdn0SxvR9C.DQAC2iVXikIS1Swz9TzO5yjeB_1ra9yghM4s2q4gZhjOyOSq4eyeB8AlFGnSJ7eChdXJ_AlBu5Q0h5D0UR1M4GahpjDQ9RAImzrWmtnTFyqBpRsTFEF.7Xe2h4Kp6uJevraJxJkhzAk3etjwQZLy2hKJGjiUe8poUdS1BPfbfdJLsS229Cqek6"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e93bb02ec5e91b7';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/pre\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevE.80.041928?__cf_chl_rt_tk=QupgmKcEUnzJ7NVL1ow.houA7XXSSJ3lmd.jFrMCo4U-1732727414-1.0.1.1-bAuepD21tKAHevHIHz_ehg2Z9QKXkZW4Lyj5PdfNF0s" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>