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data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hoofkieslys</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tuisblad" title="Besoek die Tuisblad [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Tuisblad</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gebruikersportaal" title="Meer oor die projek, wat jy kan doen, nuttige skakels"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Geselshoekie" title="Agtergrondinligting oor aktuele sake"><span>Geselshoekie</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Onlangse_wysigings" title="'n Lys van onlangse wysigings [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Onlangse wysigings</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Lukraak" title="Laai 'n lukrake bladsye [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Lukrake bladsy</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Vind meer uit oor iets"><span>Hulp</span></a></li><li id="n-Sandput" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandput"><span>Sandput</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Tuisblad" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" 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class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Voorkoms" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Voorkoms</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Witdwerg" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Witdwerg" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Witdwerg" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Witdwerg" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Beskrywing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beskrywing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Beskrywing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beskrywing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Witdwerg</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 87 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-87" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">87 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nana_blanca" title="Nana blanca – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Nana blanca" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="श्वेत बौना तारा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="श्वेत बौना तारा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B2%D9%85_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6" title="قزم أبيض – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قزم أبيض" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nana_blanca" title="Nana blanca – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nana blanca" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C4%9F_c%C4%B1rtdanlar" title="Ağ cırtdanlar – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ağ cırtdanlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Белы карлік – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Белы карлік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5" title="Бяло джудже – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бяло джудже" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8" title="শ্বেত বামন – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শ্বেত বামন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korrez_wenn" title="Korrez wenn – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Korrez wenn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijeli_patuljak" title="Bijeli patuljak – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bijeli patuljak" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nana_blanca" title="Nana blanca – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nana blanca" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ADl%C3%BD_trpasl%C3%ADk" title="Bílý trpaslík – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bílý trpaslík" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%80%C4%83_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Шурă карлик – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Шурă карлик" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvid_dv%C3%A6rg" title="Hvid dværg – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hvid dværg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wei%C3%9Fer_Zwerg" title="Weißer Zwerg – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Weißer Zwerg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Λευκός νάνος – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λευκός νάνος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_dwarf" title="White dwarf – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="White dwarf" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanka_nano" title="Blanka nano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Blanka nano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enana_blanca" title="Enana blanca – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Enana blanca" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valge_k%C3%A4%C3%A4bus" title="Valge kääbus – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Valge kääbus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nano_zuri" title="Nano zuri – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nano zuri" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="کوتوله سفید – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوتوله سفید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valkoinen_k%C3%A4%C3%A4pi%C3%B6" title="Valkoinen kääpiö – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Valkoinen kääpiö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naine_blanche" title="Naine blanche – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Naine blanche" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhac_b%C3%A1n" title="Abhac bán – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Abhac bán" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anana_branca" title="Anana branca – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Anana branca" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A0%D7%A1_%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F" title="ננס לבן – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ננס לבן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="सफ़ेद बौना – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सफ़ेद बौना" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijeli_patuljak" title="Bijeli patuljak – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bijeli patuljak" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A8n_blan" title="Nèn blan – Haïtiaans" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Nèn blan" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feh%C3%A9r_t%C3%B6rpe" title="Fehér törpe – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fehér törpe" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF_%D5%A9%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AF" title="Սպիտակ թզուկ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սպիտակ թզուկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nana_blanc" title="Nana blanc – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Nana blanc" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katai_putih" title="Katai putih – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Katai putih" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hv%C3%ADtur_dvergur" title="Hvítur dvergur – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hvítur dvergur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nana_bianca" title="Nana bianca – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nana bianca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%89%B2%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="白色矮星 – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="白色矮星" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kat%C3%A9_putih" title="Katé putih – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Katé putih" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AF%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90" title="თეთრი ჯუჯა – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თეთრი ჯუჯა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%9B_%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Ақ ергежейлі – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ақ ергежейлі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A4_%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9C" title="ಶ್ವೇತ ಕುಬ್ಜ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಶ್ವೇತ ಕುಬ್ಜ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B1%EC%83%89%EC%99%9C%EC%84%B1" title="백색왜성 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="백색왜성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumilio_alba" title="Pumilio alba – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pumilio alba" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A4issen_Zwerg" title="Wäissen Zwerg – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Wäissen Zwerg" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltoji_nyk%C5%A1tuk%C4%97" title="Baltoji nykštukė – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Baltoji nykštukė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltais_punduris" title="Baltais punduris – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Baltais punduris" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kintana_sahozanina_fotsy" title="Kintana sahozanina fotsy – Malgassies" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kintana sahozanina fotsy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgassies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D1%9F%D1%83%D1%9F%D0%B5" title="Бело џуџе – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бело џуџе" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%BB" title="വെളുത്ത കുള്ളൻ – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വെളുത്ത കുള്ളൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%82" title="श्वेत बटू – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="श्वेत बटू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerdil_putih" title="Kerdil putih – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kerdil putih" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B0%E1%80%95%E1%80%AF" title="ကြယ်ဖြူပု – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကြယ်ဖြူပု" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%B3%DA%A9" title="اسپه تسک – Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اسپه تسک" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witte_dwerg" title="Witte dwerg – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Witte dwerg" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvit_dverg" title="Kvit dverg – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kvit dverg" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvit_dverg" title="Hvit dverg – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hvit dverg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE" title="ਚਿੱਟਾ ਬੌਣਾ ਤਾਰਾ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚਿੱਟਾ ਬੌਣਾ ਤਾਰਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82y_karze%C5%82" title="Biały karzeł – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Biały karzeł" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7" title="سفید بونا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سفید بونا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%A3_branca" title="Anã branca – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Anã branca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitic%C4%83_alb%C4%83" title="Pitică albă – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pitică albă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Белый карлик – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Белый карлик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nana_janca" title="Nana janca – Sisiliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Nana janca" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisiliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%87%D9%88_%DA%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%99%D9%88" title="اڇو ڄامڙو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اڇو ڄامڙو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijeli_patuljak" title="Bijeli patuljak – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bijeli patuljak" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94" title="සුදු වාමන තරු – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සුදු වාමන තරු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_dwarf" title="White dwarf – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="White dwarf" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biely_trpasl%C3%ADk" title="Biely trpaslík – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Biely trpaslík" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bela_pritlikavka" title="Bela pritlikavka – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bela pritlikavka" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhuxhi_i_bardh%C3%AB" title="Xhuxhi i bardhë – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Xhuxhi i bardhë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beli_patuljak" title="Beli patuljak – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Beli patuljak" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kat%C3%A9_bodas" title="Katé bodas – Sundanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Katé bodas" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vit_dv%C3%A4rg" title="Vit dvärg – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vit dvärg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyota_kibete_nyeupe" title="Nyota kibete nyeupe – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Nyota kibete nyeupe" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="வெண் குறுமீன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வெண் குறுமீன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%81" title="తెల్ల మరుగుజ్జు – Teloegoe" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="తెల్ల మరుగుజ్జు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Teloegoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7" title="ดาวแคระขาว – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดาวแคระขาว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyaz_c%C3%BCce" title="Beyaz cüce – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Beyaz cüce" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%99" title="Ак кәрлә – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ак кәрлә" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%82_%D9%BE%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%83_%D9%8A%DB%87%D9%84%D8%AA%DB%87%D8%B2" title="ئاق پەتەك يۇلتۇز – Uighur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئاق پەتەك يۇلتۇز" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uighur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Білий карлик – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Білий карлик" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7" title="سفید بونا – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سفید بونا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oq_mitti_yulduzlar" title="Oq mitti yulduzlar – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oq mitti yulduzlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sao_l%C3%B9n_tr%E1%BA%AFng" title="Sao lùn trắng – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sao lùn trắng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="白矮星 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="白矮星" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="白矮星 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="白矮星" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="白矮星 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="白矮星" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5871#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> 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href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Witdwerg"><span>Skep boek</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Witdwerg&action=show-download-screen"><span>Laai af as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Witdwerg&printable=yes" title="Drukbare weergawe van hierdie bladsy [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukbare weergawe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:White_dwarfs" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5871" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><div class="nounderlines" style="float: right; margin: none; border: none; clear: right;"> <div style="position: relative;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:HR-diag-no-text-2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/HR-diag-no-text-2.svg/400px-HR-diag-no-text-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="457" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/HR-diag-no-text-2.svg/600px-HR-diag-no-text-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/HR-diag-no-text-2.svg/800px-HR-diag-no-text-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="585" /></a></span> </p> <div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:74px; top: 392px;"><a href="/wiki/Hertzsprung-Russell-diagram" title="Hertzsprung-Russell-diagram"><span style="color: #000080; font-size: 110%">Hertzsprung-Russell-diagram</span></a></div> <div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:182px; top: 432px;"><a href="/wiki/Spektraaltipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Spektraaltipe"><span style="color: #000080; font-size: 120%">Spektraaltipe</span></a></div> <div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:322px; top: 364px;"><a href="/wiki/Bruindwerg" title="Bruindwerg"><span style="color: white; font-size: 100%">Bruin-<br />dwerge</span></a></div> <div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:154px; top: 316px;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="color: black; font-size: 100%">Wit-<br />dwerge</span></a></div> <div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:334px; top: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Rooidwerg" title="Rooidwerg"><span style="color: white; font-size: 100%">Rooi-<br />dwerge</span></a></div> <div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:202px; top: 268px;"><a href="/wiki/Subdwergster" title="Subdwergster"><span style="color: black; font-size: 100%">Subdwerge</span></a></div> <div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:94px; top: 222px;"><a href="/wiki/Hoofreeks" title="Hoofreeks"><span style="color: black; font-size: 100%">Hoofreeks<br />("dwerge")</span></a></div> <div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:262px; top: 184px;"><a href="/wiki/Subreusester" title="Subreusester"><span style="color: black; font-size: 100%">Subreuse</span></a></div> <div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:174px; top: 164px;"><a href="/wiki/Reusester" title="Reusester"><span style="color: black; font-size: 100%">Reuse</span></a></div> <div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:194px; top: 132px;"><a href="/wiki/Helder_reus" title="Helder reus"><span style="color: black; font-size: 100%">Helder reuse</span></a></div> <div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:174px; top: 104px;"><a href="/wiki/Superreus" title="Superreus"><span style="color: black; font-size: 100%">Superreuse</span></a></div> <div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:174px; top: 71.2px;"><a href="/wiki/Hiperreus" title="Hiperreus"><span style="color: black; font-size: 100%">Hiperreuse</span></a></div> <div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:2px; top: 212px;"><a href="/wiki/Absolute_magnitude" title="Absolute magnitude"><span style="color: #000080; font-size: 100%">Absolute</span></a></div> <div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:6px; top: 232px;"><a href="/wiki/Absolute_magnitude" title="Absolute magnitude"><span style="color: #000080; font-size: 100%">magni-</span></a></div> <div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:14px; top: 252px;"><a href="/wiki/Absolute_magnitude" title="Absolute magnitude"><span style="color: #000080; font-size: 100%">tude</span></a></div> <div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:14px; top: 272px;"><a href="/wiki/Absolute_magnitude" title="Absolute magnitude"><span style="color: #000080; font-size: 100%">(M<sub>V</sub>)</span></a></div> </div> </div> <p>’n <b>Witdwerg</b> is ’n klein <a href="/wiki/Ster" title="Ster">ster</a> wat vorm nadat ’n <a href="/wiki/Hoofreeks" title="Hoofreeks">hoofreeksster</a> met ’n gemiddelde massa die einde van sy leeftyd bereik het. Hulle is baie dig: hul massa is vergelykbaar met dié van die <a href="/wiki/Son" title="Son">Son</a> en hul grootte met dié van die <a href="/wiki/Aarde" title="Aarde">Aarde</a>. Hul dowwe lig kom van die uitstraling van gebergte termiese energie.<sup id="cite_ref-osln_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-osln-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rln_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rln-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dit sal die laaste fase van <a href="/wiki/Evolusie" title="Evolusie">evolusie</a> wees van meer as 97% van die sterre in die <a href="/wiki/Melkweg" title="Melkweg">Melkweg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cosmochronology_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cosmochronology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die naaste bekende witdwerg aan die Aarde is <a href="/wiki/Sirius" title="Sirius">Sirius B</a>, 8,6 <a href="/wiki/Ligjare" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligjare">ligjare</a> van hier. Dit is die kleinste komponent van die Sirius-<a href="/wiki/Dubbelster" title="Dubbelster">dubbelster</a>. In Januarie 2009 is agt witdwerge getel in die honderd sterstelsels naaste aan die son.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die term is in 1922 deur Willem Luyten bekend gestel.<sup id="cite_ref-holberg_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-holberg-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beskrywing">Beskrywing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Witdwerg&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Beskrywing" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Witdwerg&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Beskrywing"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Size_IK_Peg.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Size_IK_Peg.png/220px-Size_IK_Peg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Size_IK_Peg.png/330px-Size_IK_Peg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Size_IK_Peg.png/440px-Size_IK_Peg.png 2x" data-file-width="751" data-file-height="501" /></a><figcaption>'n Vergelyking tussen die witdwerg IK Pegasi B (middel), sy <a href="/wiki/Sterreklassifikasie#Klas_A" title="Sterreklassifikasie">A-klas-metgesel</a> IK Pegasi A (links) en die Son (regs). Dié witdwerg het 'n oppervlaktemperatuur van 35 500 K.</figcaption></figure> <p>Nadat die <a href="/wiki/Waterstof" title="Waterstof">waterstofverbrandende</a> fase van ’n hoofreeksster met ’n gemiddelde of lae massa eindig, sal dit uitsit en ’n <a href="/wiki/Rooireus" title="Rooireus">rooireus</a> word. As die rooi reus se massa nie groot genoeg is om die temperatuur op te wek waarteen <a href="/wiki/Koolstof" title="Koolstof">koolstof</a> verbrand word nie, sal ’n onaktiewe massa van koolstof en <a href="/wiki/Suurstof" title="Suurstof">suurstof</a> in die middel van die ster opbou. Nadat die ster sy buitenste lae weggestoot het om ’n <a href="/wiki/Planet%C3%AAre_newel" title="Planetêre newel">planetêre newel</a> te vorm, sal net die kern oorbly. Dit is die steroorblyfsel wat ’n witdwerg vorm.<sup id="cite_ref-rln_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rln-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daarom bestaan witdwerge hoofsaaklik uit koolstof en suurstof. </p><p>As die aanvanklike massa van die ster tussen 8 en 10,5 <a href="/wiki/Sonmassa" title="Sonmassa">sonmassas</a> is, sal die kerntemperatuur hoog genoeg wees om koolstof te verbrand, maar nie <a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">neon</a> nie; in so ’n geval kan ’n witdwerg gevorm word wat uit suurstof, neon en <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a> bestaan.<sup id="cite_ref-oxne_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxne-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die <a href="/wiki/Element" class="mw-redirect" title="Element">elemente</a> in ’n witdwerg ondergaan nie meer fusiereaksies nie. Die ster het dus geen bron van energie nie en sal mettertyd afkoel. Eindelik sal dit nie veel hitte of lig uitstraal nie en ’n <a href="/wiki/Swartdwerg" title="Swartdwerg">swartdwerg</a> word.<sup id="cite_ref-rln_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rln-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dit neem egter langer as die geskatte 13,8 miljard jaar wat die <a href="/wiki/Heelal" title="Heelal">heelal</a> oud is,<sup id="cite_ref-aou_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aou-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en daarom bestaan daar nog geen swartdwerge nie.<sup id="cite_ref-osln_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-osln-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cosmochronology_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cosmochronology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Witdwerg&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Witdwerg&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-osln-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-osln_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-osln_1-1">1,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2007" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Johnson, J. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~jaj/Ast162/lectures/notesWL22.html">"Extreme Stars: White Dwarfs & Neutron Stars"</a>. <i>Aantekeninge, Astronomie 162</i> (in Engels). Ohio-staatsuniversiteit. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191115223455/http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~jaj/Ast162/lectures/notesWL22.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 15 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">17 Oktober</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aantekeninge%2C+Astronomie+162&rft.atitle=Extreme+Stars%3A+White+Dwarfs+%26+Neutron+Stars&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronomy.ohio-state.edu%2F~jaj%2FAst162%2Flectures%2FnotesWL22.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AWitdwerg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rln-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-rln_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-rln_2-1">2,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-rln_2-2">2,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFRichmond" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Richmond, M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys230/lectures/planneb/planneb.html">"Late stages of evolution for low-mass stars"</a>. <i>Aantekeninge, Fisika 230</i> (in Engels). Rochester-instituut vir Tegnologie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200611225040/http://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys230/lectures/planneb/planneb.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 11 Junie 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">3 Mei</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aantekeninge%2C+Fisika+230&rft.atitle=Late+stages+of+evolution+for+low-mass+stars&rft.aulast=Richmond&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspiff.rit.edu%2Fclasses%2Fphys230%2Flectures%2Fplanneb%2Fplanneb.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AWitdwerg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cosmochronology-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cosmochronology_3-0">3,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cosmochronology_3-1">3,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFFontaineBrassardBergeron2001" class="citation journal cs1">Fontaine, G.; Brassard, P.; Bergeron, P. (2001). "The Potential of White Dwarf Cosmochronology". <i>Publikasies van die Astronomical Society of the Pacific</i>. <b>113</b> (782): 409. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001PASP..113..409F">2001PASP..113..409F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F319535">10.1086/319535</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Publikasies+van+die+Astronomical+Society+of+the+Pacific&rft.atitle=The+Potential+of+White+Dwarf+Cosmochronology&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=782&rft.pages=409&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F319535&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001PASP..113..409F&rft.aulast=Fontaine&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.au=Brassard%2C+P.&rft.au=Bergeron%2C+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AWitdwerg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFHenry2009" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Henry, T. J. (1 Januarie 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130329140328/http://www.chara.gsu.edu/RECONS/TOP100.posted.htm">"The One Hundred Nearest Star Systems"</a> (in Engels). Research Consortium On Nearby Stars. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chara.gsu.edu/RECONS/TOP100.posted.htm">die oorspronklike</a> op 29 Maart 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">21 Julie</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+One+Hundred+Nearest+Star+Systems&rft.pub=Research+Consortium+On+Nearby+Stars&rft.date=2009-01-01&rft.aulast=Henry&rft.aufirst=T.+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chara.gsu.edu%2FRECONS%2FTOP100.posted.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AWitdwerg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-holberg-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-holberg_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFHolberg2005" class="citation journal cs1">Holberg, J.B. (2005). "How Degenerate Stars Came to be Known as White Dwarfs". <i>American Astronomical Societyvergadering, 207</i>. <b>207</b>: 1503. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AAS...20720501H">2005AAS...20720501H</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Astronomical+Societyvergadering%2C+207&rft.atitle=How+Degenerate+Stars+Came+to+be+Known+as+White+Dwarfs&rft.volume=207&rft.pages=1503&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005AAS...20720501H&rft.aulast=Holberg&rft.aufirst=J.B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AWitdwerg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oxne-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-oxne_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFWernerHammerNagelRauch2005" class="citation journal cs1">Werner, K.; Hammer, N. J.; Nagel, T.; Rauch, T.; Dreizler, S. (2005). "On Possible Oxygen/Neon White Dwarfs: H1504+65 and the White Dwarf Donors in Ultracompact X-ray Binaries". <i>14th European Workshop on White Dwarfs</i>. <b>334</b>: 165. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Vrylik beskikbaar"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0410690">astro-ph/0410690</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005ASPC..334..165W">2005ASPC..334..165W</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=14th+European+Workshop+on+White+Dwarfs&rft.atitle=On+Possible+Oxygen%2FNeon+White+Dwarfs%3A+H1504%2B65+and+the+White+Dwarf+Donors+in+Ultracompact+X-ray+Binaries&rft.volume=334&rft.pages=165&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fastro-ph%2F0410690&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005ASPC..334..165W&rft.aulast=Werner&rft.aufirst=K.&rft.au=Hammer%2C+N.+J.&rft.au=Nagel%2C+T.&rft.au=Rauch%2C+T.&rft.au=Dreizler%2C+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AWitdwerg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aou-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-aou_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFSpergelBeanDoréNolta2007" class="citation journal cs1">Spergel, D. N.; Bean, R.; Doré, O.; Nolta, M.R.; Bennett, C.L.; Dunkley, J.; Hinshaw, G.; Jarosik, N.; Komatsu, E. (2007). "Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Three Year Results: Implications for Cosmology". <i>The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series</i>. <b>170</b> (2): 377. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Vrylik beskikbaar"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0603449">astro-ph/0603449</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007ApJS..170..377S">2007ApJS..170..377S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F513700">10.1086/513700</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal+Supplement+Series&rft.atitle=Wilkinson+Microwave+Anisotropy+Probe+%28WMAP%29+Three+Year+Results%3A+Implications+for+Cosmology&rft.volume=170&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=377&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fastro-ph%2F0603449&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F513700&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007ApJS..170..377S&rft.aulast=Spergel&rft.aufirst=D.+N.&rft.au=Bean%2C+R.&rft.au=Dor%C3%A9%2C+O.&rft.au=Nolta%2C+M.R.&rft.au=Bennett%2C+C.L.&rft.au=Dunkley%2C+J.&rft.au=Hinshaw%2C+G.&rft.au=Jarosik%2C+N.&rft.au=Komatsu%2C+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AWitdwerg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Witdwerg&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Witdwerg&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Wiktionary_small.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/12px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/18px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/24px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikiwoordeboek" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikiwoordeboek">Wikiwoordeboek</a> het 'n inskrywing vir <a href="https://af.wiktionary.org/wiki/witdwerg" class="extiw" title="wikt:witdwerg">witdwerg</a>.</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Soorte_sterre_en_sterregroepe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#CEDAF2;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Sterre" title="Sjabloon:Sterre"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";background:#CEDAF2;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloonbespreking:Sterre" title="Sjabloonbespreking:Sterre"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" style=";background:#CEDAF2;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-wysig"><a class="external text" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Sterre&action=edit"><abbr title="Wysig hierdie sjabloon" style=";background:#CEDAF2;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">w</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Soorte_sterre_en_sterregroepe" class="vcard" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Soorte sterre en sterregroepe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:none; text-align:left; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right;">Sterre</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ster" title="Ster">Ster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoofreeks" title="Hoofreeks">Dwerg-/hoofreeksster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooidwerg" title="Rooidwerg">Rooidwerg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geeldwerg" title="Geeldwerg">Geeldwerg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruindwerg" title="Bruindwerg">Bruindwerg</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Witdwerg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloudwerg_(rooidwergstadium)" title="Bloudwerg (rooidwergstadium)">Bloudwerg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swartdwerg" title="Swartdwerg">Swartdwerg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdwergster" title="Subdwergster">Subdwerg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reusester" title="Reusester">Reusester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helder_reus" title="Helder reus">Helder reus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superreus" title="Superreus">Superreus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiperreus" title="Hiperreus">Hiperreus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subreusester" title="Subreusester">Subreus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooireus" title="Rooireus">Rooireus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloureus" title="Bloureus">Bloureus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutronster" title="Neutronster">Neutronster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwarkster" title="Kwarkster">Kwarkster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulsar" title="Pulsar">Pulsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloudwaalster" title="Bloudwaalster">Bloudwaalster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephe%C3%AFed" title="Cepheïed">Cepheïed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veranderlike_ster" title="Veranderlike ster">Veranderlike ster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opvlamster" title="Opvlamster">Opvlamster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RR_Lyrae-ster" title="RR Lyrae-ster">RR Lyrae-ster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf-Rayetster" title="Wolf-Rayetster"><span style="white-space:nowrap">Wolf-Rayetster</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poolster" title="Poolster">Poolster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skilster" title="Skilster">Skilster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be-ster" title="Be-ster">Be-ster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-tipe_ster" class="mw-redirect" title="O-tipe ster"><span style="white-space:nowrap">O-tipe ster</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-tipe_ster" class="mw-redirect" title="B-tipe ster"><span style="white-space:nowrap">B-tipe ster</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-tipe_ster" class="mw-redirect" title="A-tipe ster"><span style="white-space:nowrap">A-tipe ster</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-tipe_ster" class="mw-redirect" title="F-tipe ster"><span style="white-space:nowrap">F-tipe ster</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G-tipe_ster" class="mw-redirect" title="G-tipe ster"><span style="white-space:nowrap">G-tipe ster</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-tipe_ster" class="mw-redirect" title="K-tipe ster"><span style="white-space:nowrap">K-tipe ster</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-tipe_ster" class="mw-redirect" title="M-tipe ster"><span style="white-space:nowrap">M-tipe ster</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luside" title="Luside">Luside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterevolusie" title="Sterevolusie">Sterevolusie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jong_stervoorwerp" title="Jong stervoorwerp">Jong stervoorwerp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voorhoofreeksster" title="Voorhoofreeksster">Voorhoofreeksster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T_Tauri-ster" title="T Tauri-ster">T Tauri-ster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbig_Ae/Be-ster" title="Herbig Ae/Be-ster">Herbig Ae/Be-ster</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:HD_820.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/HD_820.jpg/160px-HD_820.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/HD_820.jpg/240px-HD_820.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/HD_820.jpg/320px-HD_820.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1869" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:none; text-align:left; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right;">Sterregroepe</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dubbelster" title="Dubbelster">Dubbelster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-straaldubbelster" title="X-straaldubbelster">X-straaldubbelster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veelvoudige_ster" title="Veelvoudige ster">Veelvoudige ster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterreswerm" title="Sterreswerm">Sterreswerm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterkinematika" title="Sterkinematika">Kinematiese groep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterassosiasie" title="Sterassosiasie">Sterassosiasie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bewegingsgroep" title="Bewegingsgroep">Bewegingsgroep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterrestroom" title="Sterrestroom">Sterrestroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterrestelsel" title="Sterrestelsel">Sterrestelsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melkweg" title="Melkweg">Melkweg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterrestelselswerm" title="Sterrestelselswerm">Sterrestelselswerm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superswerm" title="Superswerm">Superswerm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:none; text-align:left; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right;">Verwante voorwerpe</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nova" title="Nova">Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">Supernova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernova-oorblyfsel" title="Supernova-oorblyfsel">Supernova-oorblyfsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipernova" title="Hipernova">Hipernova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newel" title="Newel">Newel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protoplanet%C3%AAre_skyf" title="Protoplanetêre skyf">Protoplanetêre skyf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier-katalogus" title="Messier-katalogus">Messier-voorwerp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterrebeeld" title="Sterrebeeld">Sterrebeeld</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sterrepatroon" title="Sterrepatroon">Asterisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermassiewe_swartkolk" title="Supermassiewe swartkolk">Supermassiewe swartkolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwasar" title="Kwasar">Kwasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superholte" title="Superholte">Superholte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molekul%C3%AAre_wolk" title="Molekulêre wolk">Molekulêre wolk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5871&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5871&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Normdata" title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5871" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11978891k">cb11978891k</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11978891k">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4189501-0">4189501-0</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85146472">sh85146472</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph274748&CON_LNG=ENG">ph274748</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ontsluit van "<a dir="ltr" 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