CINXE.COM
Dictionary of Computer Terms - ComputerUser
<!doctype html> <html lang="en-US" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <script data-no-optimize="1" data-cfasync="false">!function(){"use strict";function e(e){const t=e.match(/((?=([a-z0-9._!#$%+^&*()[\]<>-]+))\2@[a-z0-9._-]+\.[a-z0-9._-]+)/gi);return t?t[0]:""}function t(t){return e(a(t.toLowerCase()))}function a(e){return e.replace(/\s/g,"")}async function n(e){const t={sha256Hash:"",sha1Hash:""};if(!("msCrypto"in window)&&"https:"===location.protocol&&"crypto"in window&&"TextEncoder"in window){const a=(new TextEncoder).encode(e),[n,c]=await Promise.all([s("SHA-256",a),s("SHA-1",a)]);t.sha256Hash=n,t.sha1Hash=c}return t}async function s(e,t){const a=await crypto.subtle.digest(e,t);return Array.from(new Uint8Array(a)).map(e=>("00"+e.toString(16)).slice(-2)).join("")}function c(e){let t=!0;return Object.keys(e).forEach(a=>{0===e[a].length&&(t=!1)}),t}function i(e,t,a){e.splice(t,1);const n="?"+e.join("&")+a.hash;history.replaceState(null,"",n)}var o={checkEmail:e,validateEmail:t,trimInput:a,hashEmail:n,hasHashes:c,removeEmailAndReplaceHistory:i,detectEmails:async function(){const e=new URL(window.location.href),a=Array.from(e.searchParams.entries()).map(e=>`${e[0]}=${e[1]}`);let s,o;const r=["adt_eih","sh_kit"];if(a.forEach((e,t)=>{const a=decodeURIComponent(e),[n,c]=a.split("=");if("adt_ei"===n&&(s={value:c,index:t,emsrc:"url"}),r.includes(n)){o={value:c,index:t,emsrc:"sh_kit"===n?"urlhck":"urlh"}}}),s)t(s.value)&&n(s.value).then(e=>{if(c(e)){const t={value:e,created:Date.now()};localStorage.setItem("adt_ei",JSON.stringify(t)),localStorage.setItem("adt_emsrc",s.emsrc)}});else if(o){const e={value:{sha256Hash:o.value,sha1Hash:""},created:Date.now()};localStorage.setItem("adt_ei",JSON.stringify(e)),localStorage.setItem("adt_emsrc",o.emsrc)}s&&i(a,s.index,e),o&&i(a,o.index,e)},cb:"adthrive"};const{detectEmails:r,cb:l}=o;r()}(); </script> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <style data-no-optimize="1" data-cfasync="false"> .adthrive-ad { margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; overflow-x: visible; clear: both; line-height: 0; } /* White Background For Mobile Sticky Video Player */ .adthrive-collapse-mobile-background { background-color: #fff!important; } .adthrive-top-collapse-close > svg > * { stroke: black; font-family: sans-serif; } .adthrive-top-collapse-wrapper-video-title, .adthrive-top-collapse-wrapper-bar a a.adthrive-learn-more-link { color: #000!important; } /* END White Background For Mobile Sticky Video Player */</style> <script data-no-optimize="1" data-cfasync="false"> window.adthriveCLS = { enabledLocations: ['Content', 'Recipe'], injectedSlots: [], injectedFromPlugin: true, branch: '16e38f4',bucket: 'prod', videoDisabledFromPlugin: true, }; window.adthriveCLS.siteAds = {"siteId":"66477cec8438b2205bb608d3","siteName":"ComputerUser","betaTester":false,"targeting":[{"value":"66477cec8438b2205bb608d3","key":"siteId"},{"value":"643610de8e73663e4a3acb24","key":"organizationId"},{"value":"ComputerUser","key":"siteName"},{"value":"AdThrive Edge","key":"service"},{"value":"on","key":"bidding"},{"value":["Tech","News"],"key":"verticals"}],"breakpoints":{"tablet":768,"desktop":1024},"adUnits":[{"sequence":9,"targeting":[{"value":["Sidebar"],"key":"location"},{"value":true,"key":"sticky"}],"devices":["desktop"],"name":"Sidebar_9","sticky":true,"location":"Sidebar","dynamic":{"pageSelector":"","spacing":0,"max":1,"lazyMax":null,"enable":true,"lazy":false,"elementSelector":".sidebar","skip":0,"classNames":[],"position":"beforeend","every":1,"enabled":true},"stickyOverlapSelector":"","adSizes":[[1,1],[160,600],[250,250],[300,50],[300,250],[300,420],[300,600],[300,1050]],"priority":291,"autosize":true},{"sequence":null,"targeting":[{"value":["Content"],"key":"location"}],"devices":["desktop"],"name":"Content","sticky":false,"location":"Content","dynamic":{"pageSelector":"body.single, body.page:not(.home)","spacing":0,"max":2,"lazyMax":97,"enable":true,"lazy":true,"elementSelector":".entry-content > *:not(h2):not(h3):not(ol):not(ul):not(style),\n.entry-content > * > li","skip":4,"classNames":[],"position":"afterend","every":1,"enabled":true},"stickyOverlapSelector":"","adSizes":[[728,90],[336,280],[320,50],[468,60],[970,90],[250,250],[1,1],[320,100],[970,250],[1,2],[300,50],[300,300],[552,334],[728,250],[300,250]],"priority":199,"autosize":true},{"sequence":null,"targeting":[{"value":["Content"],"key":"location"}],"devices":["tablet","phone"],"name":"Content","sticky":false,"location":"Content","dynamic":{"pageSelector":"body.single, body.page:not(.home)","spacing":0,"max":4,"lazyMax":95,"enable":true,"lazy":true,"elementSelector":".entry-content > *:not(h2):not(h3):not(ol):not(ul):not(style),\n.entry-content > * > li","skip":4,"classNames":[],"position":"afterend","every":1,"enabled":true},"stickyOverlapSelector":"","adSizes":[[728,90],[336,280],[320,50],[468,60],[970,90],[250,250],[1,1],[320,100],[970,250],[1,2],[300,50],[300,300],[552,334],[728,250],[300,250]],"priority":199,"autosize":true},{"sequence":null,"targeting":[{"value":["Below Post"],"key":"location"}],"devices":["desktop","tablet","phone"],"name":"Below_Post","sticky":false,"location":"Below Post","dynamic":{"pageSelector":"","spacing":0,"max":0,"lazyMax":1,"enable":true,"lazy":true,"elementSelector":".mv-trellis-comments","skip":0,"classNames":[],"position":"beforebegin","every":1,"enabled":true},"stickyOverlapSelector":"","adSizes":[[300,250],[728,90],[336,280],[320,50],[468,60],[250,250],[1,1],[320,100],[970,250],[728,250]],"priority":99,"autosize":true},{"sequence":null,"targeting":[{"value":["Footer"],"key":"location"},{"value":true,"key":"sticky"}],"devices":["desktop","phone","tablet"],"name":"Footer","sticky":true,"location":"Footer","dynamic":{"pageSelector":"","spacing":0,"max":1,"lazyMax":null,"enable":true,"lazy":false,"elementSelector":"body","skip":0,"classNames":[],"position":"beforeend","every":1,"enabled":true},"stickyOverlapSelector":"","adSizes":[[728,90],[320,50],[468,60],[970,90],[1,1],[320,100],[300,50]],"priority":-1,"autosize":true}],"adDensityLayout":{"mobile":{"adDensity":0.25,"onePerViewport":false},"pageOverrides":[],"desktop":{"adDensity":0.25,"onePerViewport":false}},"adDensityEnabled":true,"siteExperiments":[],"adTypes":{"sponsorTileDesktop":true,"interscrollerDesktop":true,"nativeDesktopContent":true,"outstreamDesktop":true,"nativeBelowPostDesktop":true,"miniscroller":true,"animatedFooter":true,"largeFormatsMobile":true,"nativeMobileContent":true,"inRecipeRecommendationMobile":true,"nativeMobileRecipe":true,"expandableFooter":true,"nativeDesktopSidebar":true,"sponsorTileMobile":true,"expandableCatalogAdsMobile":false,"interscroller":true,"nativeDesktopRecipe":true,"outstreamMobile":true,"nativeHeaderDesktop":true,"nativeHeaderMobile":true,"nativeBelowPostMobile":true,"expandableCatalogAdsDesktop":false,"largeFormatsDesktop":true,"inRecipeRecommendationDesktop":true},"adOptions":{"theTradeDesk":true,"rtbhouse":true,"undertone":true,"sidebarConfig":{"dynamicStickySidebar":{"minHeight":1800,"enabled":true,"blockedSelectors":[]}},"footerCloseButton":true,"teads":true,"pmp":true,"thirtyThreeAcross":true,"sharethrough":true,"optimizeVideoPlayersForEarnings":true,"removeVideoTitleWrapper":true,"pubMatic":true,"infiniteScroll":false,"yahoossp":true,"improvedigital":true,"spa":false,"stickyContainerConfig":{"recipeDesktop":{"minHeight":null,"enabled":false},"blockedSelectors":[],"stickyHeaderSelectors":[],"content":{"minHeight":null,"enabled":false},"recipeMobile":{"minHeight":null,"enabled":false}},"sonobi":true,"yieldmo":true,"footerSelector":"","amazonUAM":true,"gamMCMEnabled":true,"gamMCMChildNetworkCode":"22557616762","rubicon":true,"conversant":false,"openx":true,"customCreativeEnabled":true,"secColor":"#000000","unruly":true,"mediaGrid":true,"bRealTime":true,"gumgum":true,"comscoreFooter":true,"desktopInterstitial":false,"footerCloseButtonDesktop":false,"ozone":false,"isAutoOptimized":false,"adform":true,"comscoreTAL":true,"targetaff":false,"bgColor":"#FFFFFF","advancePlaylistOptions":{"playlistPlayer":{"enabled":true},"relatedPlayer":{"enabled":true,"applyToFirst":true}},"amazonASR":false,"kargo":true,"liveRampATS":true,"footerCloseButtonMobile":false,"interstitialBlockedPageSelectors":"","allowSmallerAdSizes":true,"wakeLock":{"desktopEnabled":true,"mobileValue":15,"mobileEnabled":true,"desktopValue":30},"mobileInterstitial":false,"tripleLift":true,"sensitiveCategories":["alc","ast","cbd","conl","cosm","dat","drg","gamc","gamv","pol","rel","sst","ssr","srh","ske","tob","wtl"],"liveRamp":true,"adthriveEmailIdentity":true,"criteo":true,"nativo":true,"infiniteScrollOptions":{"selector":"","heightThreshold":0},"siteAttributes":{"mobileHeaderSelectors":[],"desktopHeaderSelectors":[]},"dynamicContentSlotLazyLoading":true,"clsOptimizedAds":true,"aidem":false,"verticals":["Tech","News"],"inImage":false,"advancePlaylist":true,"flipp":true,"delayLoading":false,"inImageZone":null,"appNexus":true,"rise":true,"liveRampId":"","infiniteScrollRefresh":true,"indexExchange":false},"siteAdsProfiles":[],"videoPlayers":{"contextual":{"autoplayCollapsibleEnabled":false,"overrideEmbedLocation":false,"defaultPlayerType":"static"},"videoEmbed":"wordpress","footerSelector":"","contentSpecificPlaylists":[],"players":[{"playlistId":"Ccce3dyP","pageSelector":"","devices":["mobile","desktop"],"description":"","skip":0,"title":"Stationary related player - desktop and mobile","type":"stationaryRelated","enabled":true,"formattedType":"Stationary Related","elementSelector":"","id":4086424,"position":"","saveVideoCloseState":false,"shuffle":false,"adPlayerTitle":"Stationary related player - desktop and mobile","playerId":"wjhANThY"},{"playlistId":"Ccce3dyP","pageSelector":"body.single, body.page:not(.home)","devices":["desktop"],"description":"","skip":0,"title":"","type":"stickyPlaylist","enabled":true,"formattedType":"Sticky Playlist","elementSelector":".entry-content > .wp-block-group,\n.entry-content > p:nth-of-type(2)","id":4086425,"position":"afterend","saveVideoCloseState":false,"shuffle":false,"adPlayerTitle":"MY LATEST VIDEOS","mobileHeaderSelector":null,"playerId":"wjhANThY"},{"playlistId":"Ccce3dyP","pageSelector":"body.single, body.page:not(.home)","devices":["mobile"],"mobileLocation":"top-center","description":"","skip":0,"title":"","type":"stickyPlaylist","enabled":true,"formattedType":"Sticky Playlist","elementSelector":".entry-content > .wp-block-group,\n.entry-content > p:nth-of-type(2)","id":4086426,"position":"afterend","saveVideoCloseState":false,"shuffle":false,"adPlayerTitle":"MY LATEST VIDEOS","mobileHeaderSelector":null,"playerId":"wjhANThY"}],"partners":{"theTradeDesk":true,"yahoossp":true,"criteo":true,"unruly":true,"mediaGrid":true,"improvedigital":true,"undertone":true,"gumgum":true,"aidem":false,"yieldmo":true,"adform":true,"pmp":true,"amazonUAM":true,"kargo":true,"thirtyThreeAcross":true,"stickyOutstream":{"desktop":{"enabled":true},"blockedPageSelectors":"","mobileLocation":"bottom-left","allowOnHomepage":true,"mobile":{"enabled":true},"saveVideoCloseState":false,"mobileHeaderSelector":"","allowForPageWithStickyPlayer":{"enabled":true}},"sharethrough":true,"rubicon":true,"appNexus":true,"rise":true,"tripleLift":true,"openx":true,"pubMatic":true,"indexExchange":false}}};</script> <script data-no-optimize="1" data-cfasync="false"> (function(w, d) { w.adthrive = w.adthrive || {}; w.adthrive.cmd = w.adthrive.cmd || []; w.adthrive.plugin = 'adthrive-ads-3.6.2'; w.adthrive.host = 'ads.adthrive.com'; w.adthrive.integration = 'plugin'; var commitParam = (w.adthriveCLS && w.adthriveCLS.bucket !== 'prod' && w.adthriveCLS.branch) ? '&commit=' + w.adthriveCLS.branch : ''; var s = d.createElement('script'); s.async = true; s.referrerpolicy='no-referrer-when-downgrade'; s.src = 'https://' + w.adthrive.host + '/sites/66477cec8438b2205bb608d3/ads.min.js?referrer=' + w.encodeURIComponent(w.location.href) + commitParam + '&cb=' + (Math.floor(Math.random() * 100) + 1) + ''; var n = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; n.parentNode.insertBefore(s, n); })(window, document); </script> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://ads.adthrive.com/"><link rel="preconnect" href="https://ads.adthrive.com/"><link rel="preconnect" href="https://ads.adthrive.com/" crossorigin> <!-- Search Engine Optimization by Rank Math - https://rankmath.com/ --> <title>Dictionary of Computer Terms - ComputerUser</title> <meta name="description" content="ComputerUser dictionary of computer terms"/> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1, max-image-preview:large"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://computeruser.com/dictionary-computer-terms" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Dictionary of Computer Terms - ComputerUser" /> <meta property="og:description" content="ComputerUser dictionary of computer terms" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://computeruser.com/dictionary-computer-terms" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="ComputerUser" /> <meta property="og:updated_time" content="2024-11-20T08:49:41-04:00" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-02-12T16:40:43-04:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-11-20T08:49:41-04:00" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Dictionary of Computer Terms - ComputerUser" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="ComputerUser dictionary of computer terms" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Time to read" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="9 minutes" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="rank-math-schema">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"https://computeruser.com/#person","name":"ComputerUser","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://computeruser.com/#logo","url":"https://computeruser.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ComputerUser-logo.webp","contentUrl":"https://computeruser.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ComputerUser-logo.webp","caption":"ComputerUser","inLanguage":"en-US","width":"249","height":"89"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://computeruser.com/#logo","url":"https://computeruser.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ComputerUser-logo.webp","contentUrl":"https://computeruser.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ComputerUser-logo.webp","caption":"ComputerUser","inLanguage":"en-US","width":"249","height":"89"}},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://computeruser.com/#website","url":"https://computeruser.com","name":"ComputerUser","alternateName":"ComputerUser","publisher":{"@id":"https://computeruser.com/#person"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://computeruser.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ComputerUser-logo.webp","url":"https://computeruser.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ComputerUser-logo.webp","width":"249","height":"89","caption":"ComputerUser","inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://computeruser.com/dictionary-computer-terms#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":"1","item":{"@id":"https://computeruser.com","name":"Home"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":"2","item":{"@id":"https://computeruser.com/dictionary-computer-terms","name":"Dictionary of Computer Terms"}}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://computeruser.com/dictionary-computer-terms#webpage","url":"https://computeruser.com/dictionary-computer-terms","name":"Dictionary of Computer Terms - ComputerUser","datePublished":"2024-02-12T16:40:43-04:00","dateModified":"2024-11-20T08:49:41-04:00","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://computeruser.com/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://computeruser.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ComputerUser-logo.webp"},"inLanguage":"en-US","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://computeruser.com/dictionary-computer-terms#breadcrumb"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://computeruser.com/author/dan","name":"Dan Mitchell","url":"https://computeruser.com/author/dan","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2f63cfb1d7efe6fb796fca2a30be375b?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2f63cfb1d7efe6fb796fca2a30be375b?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Dan Mitchell","inLanguage":"en-US"}},{"@type":"Article","headline":"Dictionary of Computer Terms - ComputerUser","datePublished":"2024-02-12T16:40:43-04:00","dateModified":"2024-11-20T08:49:41-04:00","author":{"@id":"https://computeruser.com/author/dan","name":"Dan Mitchell"},"publisher":{"@id":"https://computeruser.com/#person"},"description":"ComputerUser dictionary of computer terms","name":"Dictionary of Computer Terms - ComputerUser","@id":"https://computeruser.com/dictionary-computer-terms#richSnippet","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://computeruser.com/dictionary-computer-terms#webpage"},"image":{"@id":"https://computeruser.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ComputerUser-logo.webp"},"inLanguage":"en-US","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://computeruser.com/dictionary-computer-terms#webpage"}}]}</script> <!-- /Rank Math WordPress SEO plugin --> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdn.jsdelivr.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ComputerUser » Feed" href="https://computeruser.com/feed" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ComputerUser » Comments Feed" href="https://computeruser.com/comments/feed" /> <script> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/computeruser.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.1"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://computeruser.com/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7.1' media='all' /> <style id='rank-math-toc-block-style-inline-css'> .wp-block-rank-math-toc-block nav ol{counter-reset:item}.wp-block-rank-math-toc-block nav ol li{display:block}.wp-block-rank-math-toc-block nav ol li:before{content:counters(item, ".") ". ";counter-increment:item} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='contact-form-7-css' href='https://computeruser.com/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/css/styles.css?ver=6.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cu-style-css' href='https://computeruser.com/wp-content/themes/cu/style.css?ver=1.2.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='bootstrap-styles-css' href='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css?ver=5.3.3' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='bootstrap-icons-styles-css' href='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap-icons@1.11.3/font/bootstrap-icons.min.css?ver=1.11.3' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='montserrat-font-styles-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins%3Aital%2Cwght%400%2C100%3B0%2C200%3B0%2C300%3B0%2C400%3B0%2C500%3B0%2C600%3B0%2C700%3B0%2C800%3B0%2C900%3B1%2C100%3B1%2C200%3B1%2C300%3B1%2C400%3B1%2C500%3B1%2C600%3B1%2C700%3B1%2C800%3B1%2C900&display=swap&ver=6.7.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cu_theme_styles-css' href='https://computeruser.com/wp-content/themes/cu/assets/css/style-min.css?ver=1.2.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cu_dynamic_css_styles-css' href='https://computeruser.com/wp-content/uploads/dynamic-styles.css?ver=1.0.0' media='all' /> <script src="https://computeruser.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script src="https://computeruser.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://computeruser.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://computeruser.com/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/1457" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://computeruser.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.1" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://computeruser.com/?p=1457' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://computeruser.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcomputeruser.com%2Fdictionary-computer-terms" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://computeruser.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcomputeruser.com%2Fdictionary-computer-terms&format=xml" /> <!-- Google tag (gtag.js) --> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-DJJLKSZDQK"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-DJJLKSZDQK'); </script> <script async data-id="101437532" src="//static.getclicky.com/js"></script><script id='nitro-telemetry-meta' nitro-exclude>window.NPTelemetryMetadata={missReason: (!window.NITROPACK_STATE ? 'request type not allowed' : 'hit'),pageType: 'page',isEligibleForOptimization: false,}</script><script id='nitro-generic' nitro-exclude>(()=>{window.NitroPack=window.NitroPack||{coreVersion:"na",isCounted:!1};let e=document.createElement("script");if(e.src="https://nitroscripts.com/SUpqamyfPznKymIkiqumeMVgPMqMmMFo",e.async=!0,e.id="nitro-script",document.head.appendChild(e),!window.NitroPack.isCounted){window.NitroPack.isCounted=!0;let t=()=>{navigator.sendBeacon("https://to.getnitropack.com/p",JSON.stringify({siteId:"SUpqamyfPznKymIkiqumeMVgPMqMmMFo",url:window.location.href,isOptimized:!!window.IS_NITROPACK,coreVersion:"na",missReason:window.NPTelemetryMetadata?.missReason||"",pageType:window.NPTelemetryMetadata?.pageType||"",isEligibleForOptimization:!!window.NPTelemetryMetadata?.isEligibleForOptimization}))};(()=>{let e=()=>new Promise(e=>{"complete"===document.readyState?e():window.addEventListener("load",e)}),i=()=>new Promise(e=>{document.prerendering?document.addEventListener("prerenderingchange",e,{once:!0}):e()}),a=async()=>{await i(),await e(),t()};a()})(),window.addEventListener("pageshow",e=>{if(e.persisted){let i=document.prerendering||self.performance?.getEntriesByType?.("navigation")[0]?.activationStart>0;"visible"!==document.visibilityState||i||t()}})}})();</script><link rel="icon" href="https://computeruser.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ComputerUser-logo-150x89.webp" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://computeruser.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ComputerUser-logo.webp" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://computeruser.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ComputerUser-logo.webp" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://computeruser.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ComputerUser-logo.webp" /> <script data-no-optimize='1' data-cfasync='false' id='cls-disable-ads-16e38f4'>var cls_disable_ads=function(e){"use strict";var t,i,o,a,n,r,s,d,l,c,p,u,h,_,m,v,S,f,O,g;window.adthriveCLS.buildDate="2024-11-22",function(e){e.amznbid="amznbid",e.amzniid="amzniid",e.amznp="amznp",e.amznsz="amznsz"}(t||(t={})),function(e){e.ThirtyThreeAcross="33across",e.Adform="adform",e.Aidem="aidem",e.AidemServer="aidem_ss",e.AppNexus="appnexus",e.AmazonTAM="amazon",e.AmazonUAM="AmazonUAM",e.AmazonASR="AmazonASR",e.Colossus="colossus",e.ColossusServer="col_ss",e.Conversant="conversant",e.Concert="concert",e.Criteo="criteo",e.CriteoServer="crit_ss",e.GumGum="gumgum",e.ImproveDigital="improvedigital",e.ImproveDigitalServer="improve_ss",e.IndexExchange="ix",e.Kargo="kargo",e.KargoServer="krgo_ss",e.MediaGrid="grid",e.MediaGridVideo="gridvid",e.Nativo="nativo",e.OpenX="openx",e.Ogury="ogury",e.OpenXServer="opnx_ss",e.Ozone="ozone",e.Pubmatic="pubmatic",e.PubmaticServer="pubm_ss",e.ResetDigital="resetdigital",e.Rise="rise",e.Rtbhouse="rtbhouse",e.Rubicon="rubicon",e.RubiconServer="rubi_ss",e.RubiconServerISV="rubiv_ss",e.Seedtag="seedtag",e.Sharethrough="sharethrough",e.Teads="teads",e.Triplelift="triplelift",e.TripleliftServer="tripl_ss",e.TTD="ttd",e.Undertone="undertone",e.UndertoneServer="under_ss",e.Unruly="unruly",e.YahooSSP="yahoossp",e.YahooSSPServer="yah_ss",e.Verizon="verizon",e.Yieldmo="yieldmo",e.Flipp="flipp"}(i||(i={})),function(e){e.Prebid="prebid",e.GAM="gam",e.Amazon="amazon",e.Marmalade="marmalade",e.Floors="floors",e.CMP="cmp",e.Optable="optable",e.OptimalBidder="optimalBidder"}(o||(o={})),function(e){e.cm="cm",e.fbrap="fbrap",e.rapml="rapml"}(a||(a={})),function(e){e.lazy="lazy",e.raptive="raptive",e.refresh="refresh",e.session="session",e.crossDomain="crossdomain",e.highSequence="highsequence",e.lazyBidPool="lazyBidPool"}(n||(n={})),function(e){e.lazy="l",e.raptive="rapml",e.refresh="r",e.session="s",e.crossdomain="c",e.highsequence="hs",e.lazyBidPool="lbp"}(r||(r={})),function(e){e.Version="Version",e.SharingNotice="SharingNotice",e.SaleOptOutNotice="SaleOptOutNotice",e.SharingOptOutNotice="SharingOptOutNotice",e.TargetedAdvertisingOptOutNotice="TargetedAdvertisingOptOutNotice",e.SensitiveDataProcessingOptOutNotice="SensitiveDataProcessingOptOutNotice",e.SensitiveDataLimitUseNotice="SensitiveDataLimitUseNotice",e.SaleOptOut="SaleOptOut",e.SharingOptOut="SharingOptOut",e.TargetedAdvertisingOptOut="TargetedAdvertisingOptOut",e.SensitiveDataProcessing="SensitiveDataProcessing",e.KnownChildSensitiveDataConsents="KnownChildSensitiveDataConsents",e.PersonalDataConsents="PersonalDataConsents",e.MspaCoveredTransaction="MspaCoveredTransaction",e.MspaOptOutOptionMode="MspaOptOutOptionMode",e.MspaServiceProviderMode="MspaServiceProviderMode",e.SubSectionType="SubsectionType",e.Gpc="Gpc"}(s||(s={})),function(e){e[e.NA=0]="NA",e[e.OptedOut=1]="OptedOut",e[e.OptedIn=2]="OptedIn"}(d||(d={})),function(e){e.AdDensity="addensity",e.AdLayout="adlayout",e.FooterCloseButton="footerclose",e.Interstitial="interstitial",e.RemoveVideoTitleWrapper="removevideotitlewrapper",e.StickyOutstream="stickyoutstream",e.StickyOutstreamOnStickyPlayer="sospp",e.VideoAdvancePlaylistRelatedPlayer="videoadvanceplaylistrp",e.MobileStickyPlayerPosition="mspp"}(l||(l={})),function(e){e.Below_Post_1="Below_Post_1",e.Below_Post="Below_Post",e.Content="Content",e.Content_1="Content_1",e.Content_2="Content_2",e.Content_3="Content_3",e.Content_4="Content_4",e.Content_5="Content_5",e.Content_6="Content_6",e.Content_7="Content_7",e.Content_8="Content_8",e.Content_9="Content_9",e.Recipe="Recipe",e.Recipe_1="Recipe_1",e.Recipe_2="Recipe_2",e.Recipe_3="Recipe_3",e.Recipe_4="Recipe_4",e.Recipe_5="Recipe_5",e.Native_Recipe="Native_Recipe",e.Footer_1="Footer_1",e.Footer="Footer",e.Header_1="Header_1",e.Header_2="Header_2",e.Header="Header",e.Sidebar_1="Sidebar_1",e.Sidebar_2="Sidebar_2",e.Sidebar_3="Sidebar_3",e.Sidebar_4="Sidebar_4",e.Sidebar_5="Sidebar_5",e.Sidebar_9="Sidebar_9",e.Sidebar="Sidebar",e.Interstitial_1="Interstitial_1",e.Interstitial="Interstitial",e.Video_StickyOutstream_1="Video_StickyOutstream_1",e.Video_StickyOutstream="Video_StickyOutstream",e.Video_StickyInstream="Video_StickyInstream",e.Sponsor_Tile="Sponsor_Tile"}(c||(c={})),function(e){e.Desktop="desktop",e.Mobile="mobile"}(p||(p={})),function(e){e.Video_Collapse_Autoplay_SoundOff="Video_Collapse_Autoplay_SoundOff",e.Video_Individual_Autoplay_SOff="Video_Individual_Autoplay_SOff",e.Video_Coll_SOff_Smartphone="Video_Coll_SOff_Smartphone",e.Video_In_Post_ClicktoPlay_SoundOn="Video_In-Post_ClicktoPlay_SoundOn"}(u||(u={})),function(e){e.vpaidAdPlayError="vpaidAdPlayError",e.adError="adError",e.adLoaded="adLoaded"}(h||(h={})),function(e){e.Float="adthrive-collapse-float",e.Sticky="adthrive-collapse-sticky",e.Mobile="adthrive-collapse-mobile"}(_||(_={})),function(e){e.Small="adthrive-collapse-small",e.Medium="adthrive-collapse-medium"}(m||(m={})),function(e){e.BottomRight="adthrive-collapse-bottom-right"}(v||(v={})),function(e){e[e.Unstarted=0]="Unstarted",e[e.UncollapsedPlay=1]="UncollapsedPlay",e[e.CollapsedPlay=2]="CollapsedPlay",e[e.UserPauseUncollapsed=3]="UserPauseUncollapsed",e[e.UserPauseCollapsed=4]="UserPauseCollapsed",e[e.PausedNotVisible=5]="PausedNotVisible",e[e.Overlapped=6]="Overlapped",e[e.Closed=7]="Closed",e[e.NonLinearAdPlay=8]="NonLinearAdPlay",e[e.NonLinearAdPaused=9]="NonLinearAdPaused",e[e.NonLinearAdOverlapped=10]="NonLinearAdOverlapped",e[e.UserUnPaused=11]="UserUnPaused"}(S||(S={})),function(e){e[e.Play=0]="Play",e[e.UserClick=1]="UserClick",e[e.PageSwitch=2]="PageSwitch",e[e.OutOfView=3]="OutOfView",e[e.InView=4]="InView",e[e.Close=5]="Close",e[e.Overlapping=6]="Overlapping",e[e.OtherVideoPlaying=7]="OtherVideoPlaying"}(f||(f={})),function(e){e.None="none"}(O||(O={})),function(e){e.Default="default",e.AZ_Animals="5daf495ed42c8605cfc74b0b",e.Natashas_Kitchen="55bccc97303edab84afd77e2",e.RecipeTin_Eats="55cb7e3b4bc841bd0c4ea577",e.Sallys_Baking_Recipes="566aefa94856897050ee7303",e.Spend_With_Pennies="541917f5a90318f9194874cf"}(g||(g={}));const w=new class{info(e,t,...i){this.call(console.info,e,t,...i)}warn(e,t,...i){this.call(console.warn,e,t,...i)}error(e,t,...i){this.call(console.error,e,t,...i),this.sendErrorLogToCommandQueue(e,t,...i)}event(e,t,...i){var o;"debug"===(null==(o=window.adthriveCLS)?void 0:o.bucket)&&this.info(e,t)}sendErrorLogToCommandQueue(e,t,...i){window.adthrive=window.adthrive||{},window.adthrive.cmd=window.adthrive.cmd||[],window.adthrive.cmd.push((()=>{void 0!==window.adthrive.logError&&"function"==typeof window.adthrive.logError&&window.adthrive.logError(e,t,i)}))}call(e,t,i,...o){const a=[`%c${t}::${i} `],n=["color: #999; font-weight: bold;"];o.length>0&&"string"==typeof o[0]&&a.push(o.shift()),n.push(...o);try{Function.prototype.apply.call(e,console,[a.join(""),...n])}catch(e){return void console.error(e)}}},P=e=>{const t=window.location.href;return e.some((e=>new RegExp(e,"i").test(t)))};window.adthrive.windowPerformance=window.adthrive.windowPerformance||new class{resetTimeOrigin(){this._timeOrigin=window.performance.now()}now(){try{return Math.round(window.performance.now()-this._timeOrigin)}catch(e){return 0}}constructor(){this._timeOrigin=0}};const b=window.adthrive.windowPerformance;b.now.bind(b);class y{checkCommandQueue(){this.adthrive&&this.adthrive.cmd&&this.adthrive.cmd.forEach((e=>{const t=e.toString(),i=this.extractAPICall(t,"disableAds");i&&this.disableAllAds(this.extractPatterns(i));const o=this.extractAPICall(t,"disableContentAds");o&&this.disableContentAds(this.extractPatterns(o));const a=this.extractAPICall(t,"disablePlaylistPlayers");a&&this.disablePlaylistPlayers(this.extractPatterns(a))}))}extractPatterns(e){const t=e.match(/["'](.*?)['"]/g);if(null!==t)return t.map((e=>e.replace(/["']/g,"")))}extractAPICall(e,t){const i=new RegExp(t+"\\((.*?)\\)","g"),o=e.match(i);return null!==o&&o[0]}disableAllAds(e){e&&!P(e)||(this.all=!0,this.reasons.add("all_page"))}disableContentAds(e){e&&!P(e)||(this.content=!0,this.recipe=!0,this.locations.add(c.Content),this.locations.add(c.Recipe),this.reasons.add("content_plugin"))}disablePlaylistPlayers(e){e&&!P(e)||(this.video=!0,this.locations.add("Video"),this.reasons.add("video_page"))}urlHasEmail(e){if(!e)return!1;return null!==/([A-Z0-9._%+-]+(@|%(25)*40)[A-Z0-9.-]+\.[A-Z]{2,})/i.exec(e)}constructor(e){this.adthrive=e,this.all=!1,this.content=!1,this.recipe=!1,this.video=!1,this.locations=new Set,this.reasons=new Set,(this.urlHasEmail(window.location.href)||this.urlHasEmail(window.document.referrer))&&(this.all=!0,this.reasons.add("all_email"));try{this.checkCommandQueue(),null!==document.querySelector(".tag-novideo")&&(this.video=!0,this.locations.add("Video"),this.reasons.add("video_tag"))}catch(e){w.error("ClsDisableAds","checkCommandQueue",e)}}}const C=window.adthriveCLS;return C&&(C.disableAds=new y(window.adthrive)),e.ClsDisableAds=y,e}({}); </script></head> <body class="page-template-default page page-id-1457 wp-custom-logo direct_traffic_source adthrive-disable-all adthrive-disable-content adthrive-disable-video no-sidebar"> <div id="page" class="site"> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#primary">Skip to content</a> <header id="masthead" class="site-header"> <div class="main-header py-3 bg-light-gray"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"> <!-- Sidebar Menu Toggler In Mobile --> <div class="header-logo-container d-flex align-items-center justify-content-start column-gap-4"> <span class="sidebar-menu-toggler cursor-pointer text-dark d-xl-none"> <i class="bi bi-list font-xxl"></i> </span> <div class="site-branding site-logo"> <a href="https://computeruser.com/" class="custom-logo-link" rel="home"><img width="249" height="89" src="https://computeruser.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ComputerUser-logo.webp" class="custom-logo" alt="ComputerUser" decoding="async" srcset="https://computeruser.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ComputerUser-logo.webp 249w, https://computeruser.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ComputerUser-logo-150x54.webp 150w" sizes="(max-width: 249px) 100vw, 249px" /></a> </div> </div> <nav id="site-navigation" class="main-navigation d-none d-xl-block"> <button class="menu-toggle" aria-controls="primary-menu" aria-expanded="false">Primary Menu</button> <div class="menu-primary-navigation-container"><ul id="primary-menu" class="justify-content-around px-5"><li id="menu-item-7273" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-7273"><a href="https://computeruser.com/category/news">News</a></li> <li id="menu-item-7275" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-7275"><a href="https://computeruser.com/tag/featured">Featured</a></li> </ul></div> </nav><!-- #site-navigation --> <div class="global-site-search site-search "> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://computeruser.com/"><label><span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span><input type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s" title="Search for:" /></label><button type="submit" class="search-submit" value="Search" ><i class="bi bi-search"></i></button></form> </div> <div class="mobile-site-search d-none"> <span class="global-site-search text-dark"> <i class="bi bi-search font-xl"></i> </span> </div> </div> </div> </header><!-- #masthead --> <main id="primary" class="site-main"> <article id="post-1457" class="page-content-wrapper post-1457 page type-page status-publish hentry"> <!-- <header class="global-page-header bg-slate-gray cu_section posts-page-section page-header entry-header"> <span class="screen-reader-text"></span> <h1 class="m-0 text-white page-title entry-title"></h1> </header>.entry-header --> <div class="page-thumbnail-wrap"> </div> <div class="entry-content page-entry-content"> <p>Updated: February 12, 2024</p> <p><em>See also:</em> <a href="https://computeruser.com/filetypes" data-type="page" data-id="1558">Filetypes </a>| <a href="https://computeruser.com/emoticons" data-type="page" data-id="1561">Emoticons</a></p> <p><strong>Algorithm</strong>: A set of rules or steps followed by a computer to solve problems or perform tasks.</p> <p><strong>Artificial Intelligence (AI)</strong>: Technology that allows computers to think or act in a way that seems human.</p> <p><strong>Augmented Reality (AR)</strong>: Mixing real-world images or video with computer-generated information or graphics.</p> <p><strong>Big Data</strong>: Very large sets of data that can be analyzed to find patterns, trends, and insights.</p> <p><strong>Blockchain</strong>: A secure, shared digital ledger that records transactions across many computers.</p> <p><strong>Browser</strong>: A program that lets you visit websites and use web applications.</p> <p><strong>Cloud Computing</strong>: Storing and accessing data and programs over the internet instead of on your computer’s hard drive.</p> <p><strong>CPU (Central Processing Unit)</strong>: The main part of a computer that performs most of the processing inside.</p> <p><strong>Cryptocurrency</strong>: Digital or virtual currency secured by cryptography, used for secure online transactions.</p> <p><strong>Cybersecurity</strong>: Protecting computers, networks, programs, and data from unauthorized access or attacks.</p> <p><strong>Data Mining</strong>: The process of analyzing large sets of data to discover patterns and relationships.</p> <p><strong>Database</strong>: A collection of information that is organized so that it can be easily accessed, managed, and updated.</p> <p><strong>Deep Learning</strong>: A type of artificial intelligence that mimics the way humans gain certain types of knowledge.</p> <p><strong>Digital</strong>: Representing data as numbers (0s and 1s) for processing by computers.</p> <p><strong>Domain Name</strong>: The name that identifies a website on the internet.</p> <p><strong>E-commerce</strong>: Buying or selling goods and services over the internet.</p> <p><strong>Encryption</strong>: Converting information or data into a code to prevent unauthorized access.</p> <p><strong>Firewall</strong>: A security system that controls the incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.</p> <p><strong>Firmware</strong>: Permanent software programmed into a read-only memory.</p> <p><strong>Gigabyte (GB)</strong>: A unit of storage capacity equal to 1 billion bytes.</p> <p><strong>HTML (HyperText Markup Language)</strong>: The standard language for creating web pages and web applications.</p> <p><strong>HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)</strong>: The foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web.</p> <p><strong>HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure)</strong>: An encrypted version of HTTP for secure communication over a computer network.</p> <p><strong>IP Address (Internet Protocol Address)</strong>: A unique string of numbers separated by periods that identifies each computer using the Internet Protocol to communicate over a network.</p> <p><strong>ISP (Internet Service Provider)</strong>: A company that provides access to the internet.</p> <p><strong>JavaScript</strong>: A programming language used to create interactive effects within web browsers.</p> <p><strong>LAN (Local Area Network)</strong>: A network that connects computers within a limited area such as a home, school, or office building.</p> <p><strong>Machine Learning</strong>: A type of artificial intelligence that allows software applications to become more accurate at predicting outcomes without being explicitly programmed to do so.</p> <p><strong>Malware</strong>: Software designed to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to a computer system.</p> <p><strong>Megabyte (MB)</strong>: A unit of storage capacity equal to 1 million bytes.</p> <p><strong>Modem</strong>: A device that converts digital data into a format suitable for a communication medium and vice versa.</p> <p><strong>Network</strong>: A group of computers and other devices connected together to share resources and information.</p> <p><strong>Operating System (OS)</strong>: The software that supports a computer’s basic functions, such as scheduling tasks, executing applications, and controlling peripherals.</p> <p><strong>Phishing</strong>: A method of trying to gather personal information using deceptive e-mails and websites.</p> <p><strong>Pixel</strong>: The smallest element of an image that can be individually processed in a video display system.</p> <p><strong>Plugin</strong>: A software component that adds a specific feature to an existing computer program.</p> <p><strong>Protocol</strong>: A set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices.</p> <p><strong>RAM (Random Access Memory)</strong>: A type of computer memory that can be accessed randomly, used for storing working data and machine code.</p> <p><strong>Ransomware</strong>: Malware that threatens to publish the victim’s data or perpetually block access to it unless a ransom is paid.</p> <p><strong>Router</strong>: A device that forwards data packets between computer networks.</p> <p><strong>SaaS (Software as a Service)</strong>: A software distribution model in which applications are hosted by a service provider and made available to customers over the internet.</p> <p><strong>Search Engine</strong>: A software system designed to search for information on the World Wide Web.</p> <p><strong>SEO (Search Engine Optimization)</strong>: The process of improving the quality and quantity of website traffic by increasing the visibility of a website or a web page to users of a web search engine.</p> <p><strong>Server</strong>: A computer or system that provides resources, data, services, or programs to other computers, known as clients, over a network.</p> <p><strong>Smartphone</strong>: A mobile phone that includes advanced functionality beyond making phone calls and sending text messages, such as running applications and accessing the internet.</p> <p><strong>Social Media</strong>: Websites and applications that enable users to create and share content or to participate in social networking.</p> <p><strong>Software</strong>: The programs and other operating information used by a computer.</p> <p><strong>Spam</strong>: Irrelevant or unsolicited messages sent over the internet, typically to a large number of users, for the purposes of advertising, phishing, spreading malware, etc.</p> <p><strong>SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)</strong>: A standard security technology for establishing an encrypted link between a server and a client—typically a web server (website) and a browser, or a mail server and a mail client (e.g., Outlook).</p> <p><strong>TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)</strong>: The basic communication language or protocol of the internet.</p> <p><strong>Terabyte (TB)</strong>: A unit of storage capacity equal to 1 trillion bytes.</p> <p><strong>UI (User Interface)</strong>: The means by which the user and a computer system interact, particularly the use of input devices and software.</p> <p><strong>URL (Uniform Resource Locator)</strong>: The address of a World Wide Web page.</p> <p><strong>USB (Universal Serial Bus)</strong>: An industry standard for cables, connectors, and protocols for connection, communication, and power supply between computers and devices.</p> <p><strong>Virtual Reality (VR)</strong>: The use of computer technology to create a simulated environment that can be explored in 360 degrees.</p> <p><strong>Virus</strong>: A type of malicious software program (“malware”) that, when executed, replicates itself by modifying other computer programs and inserting its own code.</p> <p><strong>VPN (Virtual Private Network)</strong>: A network that is constructed using public wires — usually the internet — to connect to a private network, such as a company’s internal network.</p> <p><strong>WAN (Wide Area Network)</strong>: A telecommunications network that extends over a large geographic area for the primary purpose of computer networking.</p> <p><strong>Web Hosting</strong>: A service that allows organizations and individuals to post a website or web page onto the Internet.</p> <p><strong>Wi-Fi</strong>: A technology that allows computers, smartphones, or other devices to connect to the Internet or communicate with one another wirelessly within a particular area.</p> <p><strong>Widget</strong>: A small application with limited functionality that can be installed and executed within a web page by an end user.</p> <p><strong>WWW (World Wide Web)</strong>: An information system where documents and other web resources are identified by URLs, interlinked by hypertext links, and accessible via the internet.</p> <p><strong>XML (eXtensible Markup Language)</strong>: A markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable.</p> <p><strong>API (Application Programming Interface)</strong>: A set of rules and tools for building software and applications.</p> <p><strong>Bandwidth</strong>: The maximum rate of data transfer across a given path.</p> <p><strong>Bit</strong>: The smallest unit of data in computing, represented by a 1 or a 0.</p> <p><strong>Byte</strong>: A unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits.</p> <p><strong>Cache</strong>: A hardware or software component that stores data so future requests for that data can be served faster.</p> <p><strong>Compiler</strong>: A program that translates code written in a high-level programming language into machine language.</p> <p><strong>Debugging</strong>: The process of finding and fixing errors in software code.</p> <p><strong>Digital Signature</strong>: A mathematical scheme for verifying the authenticity of digital messages or documents.</p> <p><strong>Domain</strong>: The name that identifies a network domain: a distinct subset of the Internet with a common address component.</p> <p><strong>Ethernet</strong>: A system for connecting computers within a local area network (LAN).</p> <p><strong>Gateway</strong>: A device that connects two different networks, especially a connection to the internet.</p> <p><strong>GUI (Graphical User Interface)</strong>: A user interface that includes graphical elements, such as windows, icons, and buttons.</p> <p><strong>Hash</strong>: A function that converts an input (or ‘message’) into a fixed-size string of bytes, typically for security or data retrieval purposes.</p> <p><strong>IC (Integrated Circuit)</strong>: A set of electronic circuits on one small flat piece (or “chip”) of semiconductor material, normally silicon.</p> <p><strong>IoT (Internet of Things)</strong>: The network of physical objects—devices, vehicles, appliances—that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the internet.</p> <p><strong>JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)</strong>: A commonly used method of lossy compression for digital images, particularly for those images produced by digital photography.</p> <p><strong>Kernel</strong>: The core component of most computer operating systems; it manages system resources and communication between hardware and software components.</p> <p><strong>Latency</strong>: The delay before a transfer of data begins following an instruction for its transfer.</p> <p><strong>Malicious Software (Malware)</strong>: Software designed to harm or exploit any programmable device, service, or network.</p> <p><strong>Network Interface Card (NIC)</strong>: A hardware component that connects a computer to a network.</p> <p><strong>Open Source</strong>: Software for which the original source code is made freely available and may be redistributed and modified.</p> <p><strong>Packet</strong>: A small segment of data sent over a network.</p> <p><strong>Query</strong>: A request for information from a database.</p> <p><strong>RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks)</strong>: A data storage virtualization technology that combines multiple physical disk drive components into one or more logical units for the purposes of data redundancy, performance improvement, or both.</p> <p><strong>Resolution</strong>: The number of pixels contained on a display monitor, expressed in terms of the number of pixels on the horizontal axis and the number on the vertical axis.</p> <p><strong>Script</strong>: A list of commands that can be executed without user interaction.</p> <p><strong>SSD (Solid State Drive)</strong>: A type of mass storage device similar to a hard disk drive (HDD) but using flash memory to store data, which provides faster data access.</p> <p><strong>TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)</strong>: A core protocol of the Internet Protocol Suite. It originates and manages end-to-end communication between hosts on the Internet.</p> <p><strong>Thread</strong>: The smallest sequence of programmed instructions that can be managed independently by a scheduler.</p> <p><strong>Unicode</strong>: A computing industry standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world’s writing systems.</p> <p><strong>Virtual Machine (VM)</strong>: An emulation of a computer system that provides the functionality of a physical computer.</p> <p><strong>WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)</strong>: A security protocol, now considered obsolete, for wireless local area networks.</p> <p><strong>XSS (Cross-Site Scripting)</strong>: A security vulnerability typically found in web applications, allowing attackers to inject client-side scripts into web pages viewed by other users.</p> <p><strong>Yottabyte (YB)</strong>: A unit of information or computer storage equal to one septillion bytes (long scale) or one quadrillion gigabytes (short scale).</p> <p><strong>Zero-Day Attack</strong>: An attack that exploits a previously unknown vulnerability in a computer application or operating system, before the software developer has released a patch for it.</p> <p><strong>4G (Fourth Generation)</strong>: The fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G.</p> <p><strong>5G (Fifth Generation)</strong>: The fifth generation of cellular network technology, offering higher speeds and more reliable connections on smartphones and other devices than ever before.</p> </div><!-- .entry-content --> </article><!-- #post-1457 --> </main><!-- #main --> <script nitro-exclude> var heartbeatData = new FormData(); heartbeatData.append('nitroHeartbeat', '1'); fetch(location.href, {method: 'POST', body: heartbeatData, credentials: 'omit'}); </script> <script nitro-exclude> document.cookie = 'nitroCachedPage=' + (!window.NITROPACK_STATE ? '0' : '1') + '; path=/; SameSite=Lax'; </script> <!-- Scroll back to top --> <div class="scroll-back-to-top position-fixed border-0 opacity-0"> <button type="button" class="text-light fs-6 bg-slate-gray p-1 hover-shadow font-inherit font-md" aria-label="Scroll back to top of the page" title="Back to Top"> <span>Back to Top</span> <img src="https://computeruser.com/wp-content/themes/cu/assets/images/backtotop.svg" alt="Scroll to top" title="Scroll to top" width="15" height="15" class="me-2 d-inline-block" /> </button> </div> <footer id="colophon" class="site-footer bg-slate-gray"> <div class="footer-top d-flex flex-column flex-lg-row align-items-center justify-content-center position-relative"> <div class="site-branding site-logo footer-site-logo mb-0 mb-lg-0"> <a href="https://computeruser.com/" class="custom-logo-link" rel="home"><img width="249" height="89" src="https://computeruser.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ComputerUser-logo.webp" class="custom-logo" alt="ComputerUser" decoding="async" srcset="https://computeruser.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ComputerUser-logo.webp 249w, https://computeruser.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ComputerUser-logo-150x54.webp 150w" sizes="(max-width: 249px) 100vw, 249px" /></a> </div> <div class="follow-company-socials d-flex flex-column flex-lg-row row-gap-3 row-gap-lg-0 align-items-center justify-content-center column-gap-5"> <span class="font-inherit text-white font-h2">Follow on</span> <div class="company-social-icons d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100067517829496" target="_blank" title="Facebook" class="company-facebook_option-icon rounded-circle text-white text-center text-decoration-none d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center company-social-icons hover-shadow" aria-label="Visit ComputerUser"> <img src="https://computeruser.com/wp-content/themes/cu/assets/images/facebook.svg" alt=""> <span class="visually-hidden">Visit ComputerUser Facebook Page</span> </a> <a href="https://x.com/computeruser" target="_blank" title="Twitter" class="company-twitter_option-icon rounded-circle text-white text-center text-decoration-none d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center company-social-icons hover-shadow" aria-label="Visit ComputerUser"> <img src="https://computeruser.com/wp-content/themes/cu/assets/images/x.svg" alt=""> <span class="visually-hidden">Visit ComputerUser Twitter Page</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-main"> <nav id="footer-site-navigation" class="footer-main-navigation mb-4 mb-lg-5"> <div class="menu-footer-container"><ul id="footer-menu" class="p-0 m-0 d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center flex-wrap list-unstyled column-gap-5 row-gap-3 row-gap-lg-4"><li id="menu-item-7276" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-7276"><a href="https://computeruser.com/">Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-7277" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-privacy-policy menu-item-7277"><a rel="privacy-policy" href="https://computeruser.com/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-7281" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7281"><a href="https://computeruser.com/contact">Contact Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-7280" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7280"><a href="https://computeruser.com/become-a-contributor">Become a Contributor</a></li> <li id="menu-item-7278" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7278"><a href="https://computeruser.com/about-computer-user">About ComputerUser</a></li> <li id="menu-item-7282" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7282"><a href="https://computeruser.com/dan-mitchell">About Dan</a></li> <li id="menu-item-7279" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7279"><a href="https://computeruser.com/archive-posts">Archive</a></li> <li id="menu-item-7666" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7666"><a href="https://computeruser.com/posts">Blog</a></li> </ul></div> </nav> <!-- Footer Copyright --> <p class="footer-copyright-text m-0 text-center"> @ Copyright ComputerUser 1997-2024 all rights reserved. </p> </div> </footer><!-- #colophon --> </div><!-- #page --> <script data-no-optimize='1' data-cfasync='false' id='cls-insertion-16e38f4'>!function(){"use strict";function e(){return e=Object.assign||function(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var i=arguments[t];for(var n in i)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(i,n)&&(e[n]=i[n])}return e},e.apply(this,arguments)}var t,i,n,s,o,r,a,l,c,d,h,u,p,m,g,_,y,f,v,S;window.adthriveCLS.buildDate="2024-11-22",function(e){e.amznbid="amznbid",e.amzniid="amzniid",e.amznp="amznp",e.amznsz="amznsz"}(t||(t={})),function(e){e.ThirtyThreeAcross="33across",e.Adform="adform",e.Aidem="aidem",e.AidemServer="aidem_ss",e.AppNexus="appnexus",e.AmazonTAM="amazon",e.AmazonUAM="AmazonUAM",e.AmazonASR="AmazonASR",e.Colossus="colossus",e.ColossusServer="col_ss",e.Conversant="conversant",e.Concert="concert",e.Criteo="criteo",e.CriteoServer="crit_ss",e.GumGum="gumgum",e.ImproveDigital="improvedigital",e.ImproveDigitalServer="improve_ss",e.IndexExchange="ix",e.Kargo="kargo",e.KargoServer="krgo_ss",e.MediaGrid="grid",e.MediaGridVideo="gridvid",e.Nativo="nativo",e.OpenX="openx",e.Ogury="ogury",e.OpenXServer="opnx_ss",e.Ozone="ozone",e.Pubmatic="pubmatic",e.PubmaticServer="pubm_ss",e.ResetDigital="resetdigital",e.Rise="rise",e.Rtbhouse="rtbhouse",e.Rubicon="rubicon",e.RubiconServer="rubi_ss",e.RubiconServerISV="rubiv_ss",e.Seedtag="seedtag",e.Sharethrough="sharethrough",e.Teads="teads",e.Triplelift="triplelift",e.TripleliftServer="tripl_ss",e.TTD="ttd",e.Undertone="undertone",e.UndertoneServer="under_ss",e.Unruly="unruly",e.YahooSSP="yahoossp",e.YahooSSPServer="yah_ss",e.Verizon="verizon",e.Yieldmo="yieldmo",e.Flipp="flipp"}(i||(i={})),function(e){e.Prebid="prebid",e.GAM="gam",e.Amazon="amazon",e.Marmalade="marmalade",e.Floors="floors",e.CMP="cmp",e.Optable="optable",e.OptimalBidder="optimalBidder"}(n||(n={})),function(e){e.cm="cm",e.fbrap="fbrap",e.rapml="rapml"}(s||(s={})),function(e){e.lazy="lazy",e.raptive="raptive",e.refresh="refresh",e.session="session",e.crossDomain="crossdomain",e.highSequence="highsequence",e.lazyBidPool="lazyBidPool"}(o||(o={})),function(e){e.lazy="l",e.raptive="rapml",e.refresh="r",e.session="s",e.crossdomain="c",e.highsequence="hs",e.lazyBidPool="lbp"}(r||(r={})),function(e){e.Version="Version",e.SharingNotice="SharingNotice",e.SaleOptOutNotice="SaleOptOutNotice",e.SharingOptOutNotice="SharingOptOutNotice",e.TargetedAdvertisingOptOutNotice="TargetedAdvertisingOptOutNotice",e.SensitiveDataProcessingOptOutNotice="SensitiveDataProcessingOptOutNotice",e.SensitiveDataLimitUseNotice="SensitiveDataLimitUseNotice",e.SaleOptOut="SaleOptOut",e.SharingOptOut="SharingOptOut",e.TargetedAdvertisingOptOut="TargetedAdvertisingOptOut",e.SensitiveDataProcessing="SensitiveDataProcessing",e.KnownChildSensitiveDataConsents="KnownChildSensitiveDataConsents",e.PersonalDataConsents="PersonalDataConsents",e.MspaCoveredTransaction="MspaCoveredTransaction",e.MspaOptOutOptionMode="MspaOptOutOptionMode",e.MspaServiceProviderMode="MspaServiceProviderMode",e.SubSectionType="SubsectionType",e.Gpc="Gpc"}(a||(a={})),function(e){e[e.NA=0]="NA",e[e.OptedOut=1]="OptedOut",e[e.OptedIn=2]="OptedIn"}(l||(l={})),function(e){e.AdDensity="addensity",e.AdLayout="adlayout",e.FooterCloseButton="footerclose",e.Interstitial="interstitial",e.RemoveVideoTitleWrapper="removevideotitlewrapper",e.StickyOutstream="stickyoutstream",e.StickyOutstreamOnStickyPlayer="sospp",e.VideoAdvancePlaylistRelatedPlayer="videoadvanceplaylistrp",e.MobileStickyPlayerPosition="mspp"}(c||(c={})),function(e){e.Below_Post_1="Below_Post_1",e.Below_Post="Below_Post",e.Content="Content",e.Content_1="Content_1",e.Content_2="Content_2",e.Content_3="Content_3",e.Content_4="Content_4",e.Content_5="Content_5",e.Content_6="Content_6",e.Content_7="Content_7",e.Content_8="Content_8",e.Content_9="Content_9",e.Recipe="Recipe",e.Recipe_1="Recipe_1",e.Recipe_2="Recipe_2",e.Recipe_3="Recipe_3",e.Recipe_4="Recipe_4",e.Recipe_5="Recipe_5",e.Native_Recipe="Native_Recipe",e.Footer_1="Footer_1",e.Footer="Footer",e.Header_1="Header_1",e.Header_2="Header_2",e.Header="Header",e.Sidebar_1="Sidebar_1",e.Sidebar_2="Sidebar_2",e.Sidebar_3="Sidebar_3",e.Sidebar_4="Sidebar_4",e.Sidebar_5="Sidebar_5",e.Sidebar_9="Sidebar_9",e.Sidebar="Sidebar",e.Interstitial_1="Interstitial_1",e.Interstitial="Interstitial",e.Video_StickyOutstream_1="Video_StickyOutstream_1",e.Video_StickyOutstream="Video_StickyOutstream",e.Video_StickyInstream="Video_StickyInstream",e.Sponsor_Tile="Sponsor_Tile"}(d||(d={})),function(e){e.Desktop="desktop",e.Mobile="mobile"}(h||(h={})),function(e){e.Video_Collapse_Autoplay_SoundOff="Video_Collapse_Autoplay_SoundOff",e.Video_Individual_Autoplay_SOff="Video_Individual_Autoplay_SOff",e.Video_Coll_SOff_Smartphone="Video_Coll_SOff_Smartphone",e.Video_In_Post_ClicktoPlay_SoundOn="Video_In-Post_ClicktoPlay_SoundOn"}(u||(u={})),function(e){e.vpaidAdPlayError="vpaidAdPlayError",e.adError="adError",e.adLoaded="adLoaded"}(p||(p={})),function(e){e.Float="adthrive-collapse-float",e.Sticky="adthrive-collapse-sticky",e.Mobile="adthrive-collapse-mobile"}(m||(m={})),function(e){e.Small="adthrive-collapse-small",e.Medium="adthrive-collapse-medium"}(g||(g={})),function(e){e.BottomRight="adthrive-collapse-bottom-right"}(_||(_={})),function(e){e[e.Unstarted=0]="Unstarted",e[e.UncollapsedPlay=1]="UncollapsedPlay",e[e.CollapsedPlay=2]="CollapsedPlay",e[e.UserPauseUncollapsed=3]="UserPauseUncollapsed",e[e.UserPauseCollapsed=4]="UserPauseCollapsed",e[e.PausedNotVisible=5]="PausedNotVisible",e[e.Overlapped=6]="Overlapped",e[e.Closed=7]="Closed",e[e.NonLinearAdPlay=8]="NonLinearAdPlay",e[e.NonLinearAdPaused=9]="NonLinearAdPaused",e[e.NonLinearAdOverlapped=10]="NonLinearAdOverlapped",e[e.UserUnPaused=11]="UserUnPaused"}(y||(y={})),function(e){e[e.Play=0]="Play",e[e.UserClick=1]="UserClick",e[e.PageSwitch=2]="PageSwitch",e[e.OutOfView=3]="OutOfView",e[e.InView=4]="InView",e[e.Close=5]="Close",e[e.Overlapping=6]="Overlapping",e[e.OtherVideoPlaying=7]="OtherVideoPlaying"}(f||(f={})),function(e){e.None="none"}(v||(v={})),function(e){e.Default="default",e.AZ_Animals="5daf495ed42c8605cfc74b0b",e.Natashas_Kitchen="55bccc97303edab84afd77e2",e.RecipeTin_Eats="55cb7e3b4bc841bd0c4ea577",e.Sallys_Baking_Recipes="566aefa94856897050ee7303",e.Spend_With_Pennies="541917f5a90318f9194874cf"}(S||(S={}));const b=e=>{const t={};return function(...i){const n=JSON.stringify(i);if(t[n])return t[n];const s=e.apply(this,i);return t[n]=s,s}};const w=new class{info(e,t,...i){this.call(console.info,e,t,...i)}warn(e,t,...i){this.call(console.warn,e,t,...i)}error(e,t,...i){this.call(console.error,e,t,...i),this.sendErrorLogToCommandQueue(e,t,...i)}event(e,t,...i){var n;"debug"===(null==(n=window.adthriveCLS)?void 0:n.bucket)&&this.info(e,t)}sendErrorLogToCommandQueue(e,t,...i){window.adthrive=window.adthrive||{},window.adthrive.cmd=window.adthrive.cmd||[],window.adthrive.cmd.push((()=>{void 0!==window.adthrive.logError&&"function"==typeof window.adthrive.logError&&window.adthrive.logError(e,t,i)}))}call(e,t,i,...n){const s=[`%c${t}::${i} `],o=["color: #999; font-weight: bold;"];n.length>0&&"string"==typeof n[0]&&s.push(n.shift()),o.push(...n);try{Function.prototype.apply.call(e,console,[s.join(""),...o])}catch(e){return void console.error(e)}}},C=(e,t)=>null==e||e!=e?t:e,x=e=>{const t=e.offsetHeight,i=e.offsetWidth,n=e.getBoundingClientRect(),s=document.body,o=document.documentElement,r=window.pageYOffset||o.scrollTop||s.scrollTop,a=window.pageXOffset||o.scrollLeft||s.scrollLeft,l=o.clientTop||s.clientTop||0,c=o.clientLeft||s.clientLeft||0,d=Math.round(n.top+r-l),h=Math.round(n.left+a-c);return{top:d,left:h,bottom:d+t,right:h+i,width:i,height:t}},O=e=>{let t={};const i=((e=window.location.search)=>{const t=0===e.indexOf("?")?1:0;return e.slice(t).split("&").reduce(((e,t)=>{const[i,n]=t.split("=");return e.set(i,n),e}),new Map)})().get(e);if(i)try{const n=decodeURIComponent(i).replace(/\+/g,"");t=JSON.parse(n),w.event("ExperimentOverridesUtil","getExperimentOverrides",e,t)}catch(e){}return t},A=b(((e=navigator.userAgent)=>/Windows NT|Macintosh/i.test(e))),E=b((()=>{const e=navigator.userAgent,t=/Tablet|iPad|Playbook|Nook|webOS|Kindle|Android (?!.*Mobile).*Safari|CrOS/i.test(e);return/Mobi|iP(hone|od)|Opera Mini/i.test(e)&&!t})),P=(e,t,i=document)=>{const n=((e=document)=>{const t=e.querySelectorAll("article");if(0===t.length)return null;const i=Array.from(t).reduce(((e,t)=>t.offsetHeight>e.offsetHeight?t:e));return i&&i.offsetHeight>1.5*window.innerHeight?i:null})(i),s=n?[n]:[],o=[];e.forEach((e=>{const n=Array.from(i.querySelectorAll(e.elementSelector)).slice(0,e.skip);var r;(r=e.elementSelector,r.includes(",")?r.split(","):[r]).forEach((r=>{const a=i.querySelectorAll(r);for(let i=0;i<a.length;i++){const r=a[i];if(t.map.some((({el:e})=>e.isEqualNode(r))))continue;const l=r&&r.parentElement;l&&l!==document.body?s.push(l):s.push(r),-1===n.indexOf(r)&&o.push({dynamicAd:e,element:r})}}))}));const r=((e=document)=>(e===document?document.body:e).getBoundingClientRect().top)(i),a=o.sort(((e,t)=>e.element.getBoundingClientRect().top-r-(t.element.getBoundingClientRect().top-r)));return[s,a]};const D=new class{init(){}constructor(){this.name="StorageHandler",this.disable=!1,this.removeLocalStorageValue=e=>{window.localStorage.removeItem(`adthrive_${e.toLowerCase()}`)},this.getLocalStorageValue=(e,t=!0,i=!0,n,s)=>{if(this.disable)return null;try{const o=t?"adthrive_":"",r=window.localStorage.getItem(`${o}${i?e.toLowerCase():e}`);if(r){const i=JSON.parse(r),o=void 0!==n&&Date.now()-i.created>=n;if(i&&!o)return s&&this.setLocalStorageValue(e,i.value,t),i.value}}catch(e){}return null},this.setLocalStorageValue=(e,t,i=!0)=>{try{const n=i?"adthrive_":"",s={value:t,created:Date.now()};window.localStorage.setItem(`${n}${e.toLowerCase()}`,JSON.stringify(s))}catch(e){}},this.getOrSetLocalStorageValue=(e,t,i,n=!0,s=!0,o,r=!0)=>{const a=this.getLocalStorageValue(e,r,n,i,s);if(null!==a)return a;const l=t();return this.setLocalStorageValue(e,l,r),o&&o(l),l}}},k=(e,t,i)=>{switch(t){case c.AdDensity:return((e,t)=>{const i=e.adDensityEnabled,n=e.adDensityLayout.pageOverrides.find((e=>!!document.querySelector(e.pageSelector)&&(e[t].onePerViewport||"number"==typeof e[t].adDensity)));return!i||!n})(e,i);case c.StickyOutstream:return(e=>{var t,i,n;const s=null==(n=e.videoPlayers)||null==(i=n.partners)||null==(t=i.stickyOutstream)?void 0:t.blockedPageSelectors;return!s||!document.querySelector(s)})(e);case c.Interstitial:return(e=>{const t=e.adOptions.interstitialBlockedPageSelectors;return!t||!document.querySelector(t)})(e);default:return!0}},I=t=>{try{return{valid:!0,elements:document.querySelectorAll(t)}}catch(t){return e({valid:!1},t)}},R=e=>""===e?{valid:!0}:I(e),M=(e,t)=>{if(!e)return!1;const i=!!e.enabled,n=null==e.dateStart||Date.now()>=e.dateStart,s=null==e.dateEnd||Date.now()<=e.dateEnd,o=null===e.selector||""!==e.selector&&!!document.querySelector(e.selector),r="mobile"===e.platform&&"mobile"===t,a="desktop"===e.platform&&"desktop"===t,l=null===e.platform||"all"===e.platform||r||a,c="bernoulliTrial"===e.experimentType?1===e.variants.length:(e=>{const t=e.reduce(((e,t)=>t.weight?t.weight+e:e),0);return e.length>0&&e.every((e=>{const t=e.value,i=e.weight;return!(null==t||"number"==typeof t&&isNaN(t)||!i)}))&&100===t})(e.variants);return c||w.error("SiteTest","validateSiteExperiment","experiment presented invalid choices for key:",e.key,e.variants),i&&n&&s&&o&&l&&c},L=["siteId","siteName","adOptions","breakpoints","adUnits"];window.adthrive.windowPerformance=window.adthrive.windowPerformance||new class{resetTimeOrigin(){this._timeOrigin=window.performance.now()}now(){try{return Math.round(window.performance.now()-this._timeOrigin)}catch(e){return 0}}constructor(){this._timeOrigin=0}};const T=window.adthrive.windowPerformance,V=T.now.bind(T);class N{get siteFeatureRollouts(){return this._featureRollouts}isRolloutEnabled(e){return!(!this._featureRollouts||!this._featureRollouts[e])&&this._featureRollouts[e].enabled}getSiteRolloutConfig(e){var t;return this.isRolloutEnabled(e)&&null!=(t=this._featureRollouts[e].data)?t:{}}get enabledFeatureRolloutIds(){return this._enabledFeatureRolloutIds}constructor(){this._featureRollouts={},this._checkedFeatureRollouts=new Map,this._enabledFeatureRolloutIds=[]}}class j extends N{constructor(e){super(),this._featureRollouts=e.enabled&&e.siteAds.featureRollouts||{}}}class H{get enabled(){return!!this._clsGlobalData&&!!this._clsGlobalData.siteAds&&((e,t=L)=>{if(!e)return!1;for(let i=0;i<t.length;i++)if(!e[t[i]])return!1;return!0})(this._clsGlobalData.siteAds)}get error(){return!(!this._clsGlobalData||!this._clsGlobalData.error)}set siteAds(e){this._clsGlobalData.siteAds=e}get siteAds(){return this._clsGlobalData.siteAds}set disableAds(e){this._clsGlobalData.disableAds=e}get disableAds(){return this._clsGlobalData.disableAds}set enabledLocations(e){this._clsGlobalData.enabledLocations=e}get enabledLocations(){return this._clsGlobalData.enabledLocations}get injectedFromPlugin(){return this._clsGlobalData.injectedFromPlugin}set injectedFromPlugin(e){this._clsGlobalData.injectedFromPlugin=e}get injectedFromSiteAds(){return this._clsGlobalData.injectedFromSiteAds}set injectedFromSiteAds(e){this._clsGlobalData.injectedFromSiteAds=e}overwriteInjectedSlots(e){this._clsGlobalData.injectedSlots=e}setInjectedSlots(e){this._clsGlobalData.injectedSlots=this._clsGlobalData.injectedSlots||[],this._clsGlobalData.injectedSlots.push(e)}get injectedSlots(){return this._clsGlobalData.injectedSlots}setInjectedVideoSlots(e){this._clsGlobalData.injectedVideoSlots=this._clsGlobalData.injectedVideoSlots||[],this._clsGlobalData.injectedVideoSlots.push(e)}get injectedVideoSlots(){return this._clsGlobalData.injectedVideoSlots}setInjectedScripts(e){this._clsGlobalData.injectedScripts=this._clsGlobalData.injectedScripts||[],this._clsGlobalData.injectedScripts.push(e)}get getInjectedScripts(){return this._clsGlobalData.injectedScripts}setExperiment(e,t,i=!1){this._clsGlobalData.experiments=this._clsGlobalData.experiments||{},this._clsGlobalData.siteExperiments=this._clsGlobalData.siteExperiments||{};(i?this._clsGlobalData.siteExperiments:this._clsGlobalData.experiments)[e]=t}getExperiment(e,t=!1){const i=t?this._clsGlobalData.siteExperiments:this._clsGlobalData.experiments;return i&&i[e]}setWeightedChoiceExperiment(e,t,i=!1){this._clsGlobalData.experimentsWeightedChoice=this._clsGlobalData.experimentsWeightedChoice||{},this._clsGlobalData.siteExperimentsWeightedChoice=this._clsGlobalData.siteExperimentsWeightedChoice||{};(i?this._clsGlobalData.siteExperimentsWeightedChoice:this._clsGlobalData.experimentsWeightedChoice)[e]=t}getWeightedChoiceExperiment(e,t=!1){var i,n;const s=t?null==(i=this._clsGlobalData)?void 0:i.siteExperimentsWeightedChoice:null==(n=this._clsGlobalData)?void 0:n.experimentsWeightedChoice;return s&&s[e]}get branch(){return this._clsGlobalData.branch}get bucket(){return this._clsGlobalData.bucket}set videoDisabledFromPlugin(e){this._clsGlobalData.videoDisabledFromPlugin=e}get videoDisabledFromPlugin(){return this._clsGlobalData.videoDisabledFromPlugin}set targetDensityLog(e){this._clsGlobalData.targetDensityLog=e}get targetDensityLog(){return this._clsGlobalData.targetDensityLog}shouldHalveIOSDensity(){const e=new j(this);return((e=navigator.userAgent)=>/iP(hone|od|ad)/i.test(e))()&&e.isRolloutEnabled("iOS-Resolution")}getTargetDensity(e){return this.shouldHalveIOSDensity()?e/2:e}get removeVideoTitleWrapper(){return this._clsGlobalData.siteAds.adOptions.removeVideoTitleWrapper}constructor(){this._clsGlobalData=window.adthriveCLS}}class G{static getScrollTop(){return(window.pageYOffset||document.documentElement.scrollTop)-(document.documentElement.clientTop||0)}static getScrollBottom(){return this.getScrollTop()+(document.documentElement.clientHeight||0)}static shufflePlaylist(e){let t,i,n=e.length;for(;0!==n;)i=Math.floor(Math.random()*e.length),n-=1,t=e[n],e[n]=e[i],e[i]=t;return e}static isMobileLandscape(){return window.matchMedia("(orientation: landscape) and (max-height: 480px)").matches}static playerViewable(e){const t=e.getBoundingClientRect();return this.isMobileLandscape()?window.innerHeight>t.top+t.height/2&&t.top+t.height/2>0:window.innerHeight>t.top+t.height/2}static createQueryString(e){return Object.keys(e).map((t=>`${t}=${e[t]}`)).join("&")}static createEncodedQueryString(e){return Object.keys(e).map((t=>`${t}=${encodeURIComponent(e[t])}`)).join("&")}static setMobileLocation(e){return"top-left"===(e=e||"bottom-right")?e="adthrive-collapse-top-left":"top-right"===e?e="adthrive-collapse-top-right":"bottom-left"===e?e="adthrive-collapse-bottom-left":"bottom-right"===e?e="adthrive-collapse-bottom-right":"top-center"===e&&(e=E()?"adthrive-collapse-top-center":"adthrive-collapse-bottom-right"),e}static addMaxResolutionQueryParam(e){const t=`max_resolution=${E()?"320":"1280"}`,[i,n]=String(e).split("?");return`${i}?${n?n+`&${t}`:t}`}}class z{constructor(e){this._clsOptions=e,this.removeVideoTitleWrapper=C(this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.removeVideoTitleWrapper,!1);const t=this._clsOptions.siteAds.videoPlayers;this.footerSelector=C(t&&t.footerSelector,""),this.players=C(t&&t.players.map((e=>(e.mobileLocation=G.setMobileLocation(e.mobileLocation),e))),[]),this.relatedSettings=t&&t.contextual}}class F{constructor(e){this.mobileStickyPlayerOnPage=!1,this.playlistPlayerAdded=!1,this.relatedPlayerAdded=!1,this.footerSelector="",this.removeVideoTitleWrapper=!1,this.videoAdOptions=new z(e),this.players=this.videoAdOptions.players,this.relatedSettings=this.videoAdOptions.relatedSettings,this.removeVideoTitleWrapper=this.videoAdOptions.removeVideoTitleWrapper,this.footerSelector=this.videoAdOptions.footerSelector}}class B{}class U extends B{get(){if(this._probability<0||this._probability>1)throw new Error(`Invalid probability: ${this._probability}`);return Math.random()<this._probability}constructor(e){super(),this._probability=e}}class W{setExperimentKey(e=!1){this._clsOptions.setExperiment(this.abgroup,this.result,e)}constructor(){this._clsOptions=new H,this.shouldUseCoreExperimentsConfig=!1}}class q extends W{get result(){return this._result}run(){return new U(.1).get()}constructor(){super(),this._result=!1,this._choices=[{choice:!0},{choice:!1}],this.key="RemoveLargeSize",this.abgroup="smhd100",this._result=this.run(),this.setExperimentKey()}}function Q(e,t,i,n){var s,o=arguments.length,r=o<3?t:null===n?n=Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,i):n;if("object"==typeof Reflect&&"function"==typeof Reflect.decorate)r=Reflect.decorate(e,t,i,n);else for(var a=e.length-1;a>=0;a--)(s=e[a])&&(r=(o<3?s(r):o>3?s(t,i,r):s(t,i))||r);return o>3&&r&&Object.defineProperty(t,i,r),r}function K(e,t){if("object"==typeof Reflect&&"function"==typeof Reflect.metadata)return Reflect.metadata(e,t)}"function"==typeof SuppressedError&&SuppressedError;const J=(e,t,i,n,s,o)=>{const r=Math.round(o-s),a=[],l=[];a.push("(",i.map((()=>"%o")).join(", "),")"),l.push(...i),void 0!==n&&(a.push(" => %o"),l.push(n)),a.push(` %c(${r}ms)`),l.push("color: #999;")},Y=(e,t,i)=>{const n=void 0!==i.get?i.get:i.value;return function(...i){try{const s=V(),o=n.apply(this,i);if(o instanceof Promise)return o.then((e=>{const t=V();return J(0,0,i,e,s,t),Promise.resolve(e)})).catch((i=>{throw i.logged||(w.error(e,t,i),i.logged=!0),i}));{const e=V();return J(0,0,i,o,s,e),o}}catch(i){throw i.logged||(w.error(e,t,i),i.logged=!0),i}}},X=(t,i=!1)=>n=>{const s=Object.getOwnPropertyNames(n.prototype).filter((e=>i||0!==e.indexOf("_"))).map((e=>[e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n.prototype,e)]));for(const[i,o]of s)void 0!==o&&"function"==typeof o.value?n.prototype[i]=Y(t,i,o):void 0!==o&&void 0!==o.get&&"function"==typeof o.get&&Object.defineProperty(n.prototype,i,e({},o,{get:Y(t,i,o)}))};class Z extends W{get result(){return this._result}run(){return new U(this.weight).get()}constructor(e){super(),this._result=!1,this.key="ParallaxAdsExperiment",this.abgroup="parallax",this._choices=[{choice:!0},{choice:!1}],this.weight=.5;!!E()&&e.largeFormatsMobile&&(this._result=this.run(),this.setExperimentKey())}}Z=Q([X("ParallaxAdsExperiment"),K("design:type",Function),K("design:paramtypes",["undefined"==typeof AdTypes?Object:AdTypes])],Z);class ee extends W{get result(){return this._result}run(){return new U(1).get()}constructor(){super(),this._result=!1,this._choices=[{choice:!0},{choice:!1}],this.key="mrsf",this.abgroup="mrsf",E()&&(this._result=this.run(),this.setExperimentKey())}}const te=[[728,90],[300,250],[300,600],[320,50],[970,250],[160,600],[300,1050],[336,280],[970,90],[300,50],[320,100],[468,60],[250,250],[120,240],[1,1],[300,300],[552,334],[300,420],[728,250],[320,300],[300,390]],ie=[[300,600],[160,600]],ne=new Map([[d.Footer,1],[d.Header,2],[d.Sidebar,3],[d.Content,4],[d.Recipe,5],["Sidebar_sticky",6],["Below Post",7]]),se=(e,t)=>{const{location:i,sticky:n}=e;if(i===d.Recipe&&t){const{recipeMobile:e,recipeDesktop:i}=t;if(E()&&(null==e?void 0:e.enabled))return!0;if(!E()&&(null==i?void 0:i.enabled))return!0}return i===d.Footer||n},oe=(e,t)=>{const i=t.adUnits,n=(e=>!!e.adTypes&&new Z(e.adTypes).result)(t),s=new q,o=new ee;return i.filter((e=>void 0!==e.dynamic&&e.dynamic.enabled)).map((i=>{const r=i.location.replace(/\s+/g,"_"),a="Sidebar"===r?0:2;return{auctionPriority:ne.get(r)||8,location:r,sequence:C(i.sequence,1),sizes:(l=i.adSizes,te.filter((([e,t])=>l.some((([i,n])=>e===i&&t===n))))).filter((t=>((e,[t,i],n,s,o)=>{const{location:r,sequence:a}=e;if(r===d.Footer)return!("phone"===n&&320===t&&100===i);if(r===d.Header)return!(i>100&&s.result);if(r===d.Recipe)return!(o.result&&"phone"===n&&(300===t&&390===i||320===t&&300===i));if(r===d.Sidebar){const t=e.adSizes.some((([,e])=>e<=300)),n=i>300;return!(!n||t)||9===a||(a&&a<=5?!n||e.sticky:!n)}return!0})(i,t,e,s,o))).concat(n&&i.location===d.Content?ie:[]),devices:i.devices,pageSelector:C(i.dynamic.pageSelector,"").trim(),elementSelector:C(i.dynamic.elementSelector,"").trim(),position:C(i.dynamic.position,"beforebegin"),max:Math.floor(C(i.dynamic.max,0)),spacing:C(i.dynamic.spacing,0),skip:Math.floor(C(i.dynamic.skip,0)),every:Math.max(Math.floor(C(i.dynamic.every,1)),1),classNames:i.dynamic.classNames||[],sticky:se(i,t.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig),stickyOverlapSelector:C(i.stickyOverlapSelector,"").trim(),autosize:i.autosize,special:C(i.targeting,[]).filter((e=>"special"===e.key)).reduce(((e,t)=>e.concat(...t.value)),[]),lazy:C(i.dynamic.lazy,!1),lazyMax:C(i.dynamic.lazyMax,a),lazyMaxDefaulted:0!==i.dynamic.lazyMax&&!i.dynamic.lazyMax,name:i.name};var l}))},re=(e,t)=>{const i=(e=>{let t=e.clientWidth;if(getComputedStyle){const i=getComputedStyle(e,null);t-=parseFloat(i.paddingLeft||"0")+parseFloat(i.paddingRight||"0")}return t})(t),n=e.sticky&&e.location===d.Sidebar;return e.sizes.filter((t=>{const s=!e.autosize||(t[0]<=i||t[0]<=320),o=!n||t[1]<=window.innerHeight-100;return s&&o}))};class ae{constructor(e){this.clsOptions=e,this.enabledLocations=[d.Below_Post,d.Content,d.Recipe,d.Sidebar]}}const le=e=>`adthrive-${e.location.replace("_","-").toLowerCase()}`,ce=e=>`${le(e)}-${e.sequence}`;function de(e,t){void 0===t&&(t={});var i=t.insertAt;if(e&&"undefined"!=typeof document){var n=document.head||document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0],s=document.createElement("style");s.type="text/css","top"===i&&n.firstChild?n.insertBefore(s,n.firstChild):n.appendChild(s),s.styleSheet?s.styleSheet.cssText=e:s.appendChild(document.createTextNode(e))}}const he=e=>e.some((e=>null!==document.querySelector(e)));class ue extends W{get result(){return this._result}run(){return new U(1).get()}constructor(){super(),this._result=!1,this._choices=[{choice:!0},{choice:!1}],this.key="RemoveRecipeCap",this.abgroup="rrc",this._result=this.run(),this.setExperimentKey()}}class pe extends B{static fromArray(e,t){return new pe(e.map((([e,t])=>({choice:e,weight:t}))),t)}addChoice(e,t){this._choices.push({choice:e,weight:t})}get(){const e=(t=0,i=100,Math.random()*(i-t)+t);var t,i;let n=0;for(const{choice:t,weight:i}of this._choices)if(n+=i,n>=e)return t;return this._default}get totalWeight(){return this._choices.reduce(((e,{weight:t})=>e+t),0)}constructor(e=[],t){super(),this._choices=e,this._default=t}}class me{}const ge=["mcmpfreqrec"];const _e=new class extends me{init(e){this._gdpr="true"===e.gdpr,this._shouldQueue=this._gdpr}clearQueue(e){e&&(this._shouldQueue=!1,this._sessionStorageHandlerQueue.forEach((e=>{this.setSessionStorage(e.key,e.value)})),this._localStorageHandlerQueue.forEach((e=>{if("adthrive_abgroup"===e.key){const t=Object.keys(e.value)[0],i=e.value[t],n=e.value[`${t}_weight`];fe(t,i,n,{value:24,unit:"hours"})}else e.expiry?"internal"===e.type?this.setExpirableInternalLocalStorage(e.key,e.value,{expiry:e.expiry,resetOnRead:e.resetOnRead}):this.setExpirableExternalLocalStorage(e.key,e.value,{expiry:e.expiry,resetOnRead:e.resetOnRead}):"internal"===e.type?this.setInternalLocalStorage(e.key,e.value):this.setExternalLocalStorage(e.key,e.value)})),this._cookieHandlerQueue.forEach((e=>{"internal"===e.type?this.setInternalCookie(e.key,e.value):this.setExternalCookie(e.key,e.value)}))),this._sessionStorageHandlerQueue=[],this._localStorageHandlerQueue=[],this._cookieHandlerQueue=[]}readInternalCookie(e){return this._verifyInternalKey(e),this._readCookie(e)}readExternalCookie(e){return this._readCookie(e)}readInternalLocalStorage(e){return this._verifyInternalKey(e),this._readFromLocalStorage(e)}readExternalLocalStorage(e){return this._readFromLocalStorage(e)}readSessionStorage(e){const t=window.sessionStorage.getItem(e);if(!t)return null;try{return JSON.parse(t)}catch(e){return t}}deleteCookie(e){document.cookie=`${e}=; SameSite=None; Secure; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 UTC; path=/`}deleteLocalStorage(e){window.localStorage.removeItem(e)}deleteSessionStorage(e){window.sessionStorage.removeItem(e)}setInternalCookie(e,t,i){this._verifyInternalKey(e),this._setCookieValue("internal",e,t,i)}setExternalCookie(e,t,i){this._setCookieValue("external",e,t,i)}setInternalLocalStorage(e,t){if(this._verifyInternalKey(e),this._gdpr&&this._shouldQueue){const i={key:e,value:t,type:"internal"};this._localStorageHandlerQueue.push(i)}else{const i="string"==typeof t?t:JSON.stringify(t);window.localStorage.setItem(e,i)}}setExternalLocalStorage(e,t){if(this._gdpr&&this._shouldQueue){const i={key:e,value:t,type:"external"};this._localStorageHandlerQueue.push(i)}else{const i="string"==typeof t?t:JSON.stringify(t);window.localStorage.setItem(e,i)}}setExpirableInternalLocalStorage(e,t,i){this._verifyInternalKey(e);try{var n;const o=null!=(n=null==i?void 0:i.expiry)?n:{value:400,unit:"days"};var s;const r=null!=(s=null==i?void 0:i.resetOnRead)&&s;if(this._gdpr&&this._shouldQueue){const i={key:e,value:t,type:"internal",expires:this._getExpiryDate(o),expiry:o,resetOnRead:r};this._localStorageHandlerQueue.push(i)}else{const i={value:t,type:"internal",expires:this._getExpiryDate(o),expiry:o,resetOnRead:r};window.localStorage.setItem(e,JSON.stringify(i))}}catch(e){console.error(e)}}setExpirableExternalLocalStorage(e,t,i){try{var n;const o=null!=(n=null==i?void 0:i.expiry)?n:{value:400,unit:"days"};var s;const r=null!=(s=null==i?void 0:i.resetOnRead)&&s;if(this._gdpr&&this._shouldQueue){const i={key:e,value:JSON.stringify(t),type:"external",expires:this._getExpiryDate(o),expiry:o,resetOnRead:r};this._localStorageHandlerQueue.push(i)}else{const i={value:t,type:"external",expires:this._getExpiryDate(o),expiry:o,resetOnRead:r};window.localStorage.setItem(e,JSON.stringify(i))}}catch(e){console.error(e)}}setSessionStorage(e,t){if(this._gdpr&&this._shouldQueue){const i={key:e,value:t};this._sessionStorageHandlerQueue.push(i)}else{const i="string"==typeof t?t:JSON.stringify(t);window.sessionStorage.setItem(e,i)}}_getExpiryDate({value:e,unit:t}){const i=new Date;return"milliseconds"===t?i.setTime(i.getTime()+e):"seconds"==t?i.setTime(i.getTime()+1e3*e):"minutes"===t?i.setTime(i.getTime()+60*e*1e3):"hours"===t?i.setTime(i.getTime()+60*e*60*1e3):"days"===t?i.setTime(i.getTime()+24*e*60*60*1e3):"months"===t&&i.setTime(i.getTime()+30*e*24*60*60*1e3),i.toUTCString()}_resetExpiry(e){return e.expires=this._getExpiryDate(e.expiry),e}_readCookie(e){const t=document.cookie.split("; ").find((t=>t.split("=")[0]===e));if(!t)return null;const i=t.split("=")[1];if(i)try{return JSON.parse(decodeURIComponent(i))}catch(e){return decodeURIComponent(i)}return null}_readFromLocalStorage(e){const t=window.localStorage.getItem(e);if(!t)return null;try{const n=JSON.parse(t),s=n.expires&&(new Date).getTime()>new Date(n.expires).getTime();if(n.resetOnRead&&n.expires&&!s){const t=this._resetExpiry(n);var i;return window.localStorage.setItem(e,JSON.stringify(n)),null!=(i=t.value)?i:t}if(s)return window.localStorage.removeItem(e),null;if(!n.value)return n;try{return JSON.parse(n.value)}catch(e){return n.value}}catch(e){return t}}_setCookieValue(e,t,i,n){try{if(this._gdpr&&this._shouldQueue){const n={key:t,value:i,type:e};this._cookieHandlerQueue.push(n)}else{var s;const e=this._getExpiryDate(null!=(s=null==n?void 0:n.expiry)?s:{value:400,unit:"days"});var o;const a=null!=(o=null==n?void 0:n.sameSite)?o:"None";var r;const l=null==(r=null==n?void 0:n.secure)||r,c="object"==typeof i?JSON.stringify(i):i;document.cookie=`${t}=${c}; SameSite=${a}; ${l?"Secure;":""} expires=${e}; path=/`}}catch(e){}}_verifyInternalKey(e){const t=e.startsWith("adthrive_"),i=e.startsWith("adt_");if(!t&&!i&&!ge.includes(e))throw new Error('When reading an internal cookie, the key must start with "adthrive_" or "adt_" or be part of the allowed legacy keys.')}constructor(...e){super(...e),this.name="BrowserStorage",this.disable=!1,this.gdprPurposes=[1],this._sessionStorageHandlerQueue=[],this._localStorageHandlerQueue=[],this._cookieHandlerQueue=[],this._shouldQueue=!1}},ye=e=>null!=e&&!("number"==typeof e&&isNaN(e)),fe=(t,i,n,s,o=!0)=>{const r="adthrive_abgroup",a=_e.readInternalLocalStorage(r);if(null!==a){const e=a[t];var l;const i=null!=(l=a[`${t}_weight`])?l:null;if(ye(e))return[e,i]}const c=e({},a,{[t]:i,[`${t}_weight`]:n});return s?_e.setExpirableInternalLocalStorage(r,c,{expiry:s,resetOnRead:o}):_e.setInternalLocalStorage(r,c),[i,n]},ve=()=>(e,t,i)=>{const n=i.value;n&&(i.value=function(...e){const t=(e=>{if(null===e)return null;const t=e.map((({choice:e})=>e));return(e=>{let t=5381,i=e.length;for(;i;)t=33*t^e.charCodeAt(--i);return t>>>0})(JSON.stringify(t)).toString(16)})(this._choices),i=this._expConfigABGroup?this._expConfigABGroup:this.abgroup,s=i?i.toLowerCase():this.key?this.key.toLowerCase():"",o=t?`${s}_${t}`:s,r=this.localStoragePrefix?`${this.localStoragePrefix}-${o}`:o,a=D.getLocalStorageValue("branch");!1===(a&&a.enabled)&&D.removeLocalStorageValue(r);const l=(()=>n.apply(this,e))(),c=(d=this._choices,h=l,null!=(p=null==(u=d.find((({choice:e})=>e===h)))?void 0:u.weight)?p:null);var d,h,u,p;const[m,g]=fe(r,l,c,{value:24,unit:"hours"});return this._stickyResult=m,this._stickyWeight=g,m})};class Se{get enabled(){return void 0!==this.experimentConfig}_isValidResult(e,t=()=>!0){return t()&&ye(e)}}class be extends Se{_isValidResult(e){return super._isValidResult(e,(()=>this._resultValidator(e)||"control"===e))}run(){if(!this.enabled)return w.error("CLSWeightedChoiceSiteExperiment","run","() => %o","No experiment config found. Defaulting to control."),"control";if(!this._mappedChoices||0===this._mappedChoices.length)return w.error("CLSWeightedChoiceSiteExperiment","run","() => %o","No experiment variants found. Defaulting to control."),"control";const e=new pe(this._mappedChoices).get();return this._isValidResult(e)?e:(w.error("CLSWeightedChoiceSiteExperiment","run","() => %o","Invalid result from experiment choices. Defaulting to control."),"control")}constructor(...e){super(...e),this._resultValidator=()=>!0}}class we{getSiteExperimentByKey(e){const t=this.siteExperiments.filter((t=>t.key.toLowerCase()===e.toLowerCase()))[0],i=O("at_site_features"),n=(s=(null==t?void 0:t.variants[1])?null==t?void 0:t.variants[1].value:null==t?void 0:t.variants[0].value,o=i[e],typeof s==typeof o);var s,o;return t&&i[e]&&n&&(t.variants=[{displayName:"test",value:i[e],weight:100,id:0}]),t}constructor(e){var t,i;this.siteExperiments=[],this._clsOptions=e,this._device=E()?"mobile":"desktop",this.siteExperiments=null!=(i=null==(t=this._clsOptions.siteAds.siteExperiments)?void 0:t.filter((e=>{const t=e.key,i=M(e,this._device),n=k(this._clsOptions.siteAds,t,this._device);return i&&n})))?i:[]}}class Ce extends be{get result(){return this._result}run(){if(!this.enabled)return w.error("CLSAdLayoutSiteExperiment","run","() => %o","No experiment config found. Defaulting to empty class name."),"";const e=new pe(this._mappedChoices).get();return this._isValidResult(e)?e:(w.error("CLSAdLayoutSiteExperiment","run","() => %o","Invalid result from experiment choices. Defaulting to empty class name."),"")}_mapChoices(){return this._choices.map((({weight:e,value:t})=>({weight:e,choice:t})))}constructor(e){super(),this._choices=[],this._mappedChoices=[],this._result="",this._resultValidator=e=>"string"==typeof e,this.key=c.AdLayout,this.abgroup=c.AdLayout,this._clsSiteExperiments=new we(e),this.experimentConfig=this._clsSiteExperiments.getSiteExperimentByKey(this.key),this.enabled&&this.experimentConfig&&(this._choices=this.experimentConfig.variants,this._mappedChoices=this._mapChoices(),this._result=this.run(),e.setWeightedChoiceExperiment(this.abgroup,this._result,!0))}}Q([ve(),K("design:type",Function),K("design:paramtypes",[]),K("design:returntype",void 0)],Ce.prototype,"run",null);class xe extends be{get result(){return this._result}run(){if(!this.enabled)return w.error("CLSTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment","run","() => %o","No experiment config found. Defaulting to control."),"control";const e=new pe(this._mappedChoices).get();return this._isValidResult(e)?e:(w.error("CLSTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment","run","() => %o","Invalid result from experiment choices. Defaulting to control."),"control")}_mapChoices(){return this._choices.map((({weight:e,value:t})=>({weight:e,choice:"number"==typeof t?(t||0)/100:"control"})))}constructor(e){super(),this._choices=[],this._mappedChoices=[],this._result="control",this._resultValidator=e=>"number"==typeof e,this.key=c.AdDensity,this.abgroup=c.AdDensity,this._clsSiteExperiments=new we(e),this.experimentConfig=this._clsSiteExperiments.getSiteExperimentByKey(this.key),this.enabled&&this.experimentConfig&&(this._choices=this.experimentConfig.variants,this._mappedChoices=this._mapChoices(),this._result=this.run(),e.setWeightedChoiceExperiment(this.abgroup,this._result,!0))}}Q([ve(),K("design:type",Function),K("design:paramtypes",[]),K("design:returntype",void 0)],xe.prototype,"run",null);class Oe extends W{get result(){return this._result}run(){return new U(this.weight).get()}constructor(){super(),this._result=!1,this.abgroup="scae",this.key="StickyContainerAds",this._choices=[{choice:!0},{choice:!1}],this.weight=.99,this._result=this.run(),this.setExperimentKey()}}Oe=Q([X("StickyContainerAdsExperiment"),K("design:type",Function),K("design:paramtypes",[])],Oe);class Ae extends W{get result(){return this._result}run(){return new U(this.weight).get()}constructor(){super(),this._result=!1,this.abgroup="scre",this.key="StickyContainerRecipe",this._choices=[{choice:!0},{choice:!1}],this.weight=.99,this._result=this.run(),this.setExperimentKey()}}Ae=Q([X("StickyContainerRecipeExperiment"),K("design:type",Function),K("design:paramtypes",[])],Ae);const Ee="250px";class Pe{start(){try{var e,t;(e=>{const t=document.body,i=`adthrive-device-${e}`;if(!t.classList.contains(i))try{t.classList.add(i)}catch(e){w.error("BodyDeviceClassComponent","init",{message:e.message});const t="classList"in document.createElement("_");w.error("BodyDeviceClassComponent","init.support",{support:t})}})(this._device);const s=new Ce(this._clsOptions);if(s.enabled){const e=s.result,t=e.startsWith(".")?e.substring(1):e;if((e=>/^[-_a-zA-Z]+[-_a-zA-Z0-9]*$/.test(e))(t))try{document.body.classList.add(t)}catch(e){w.error("ClsDynamicAdsInjector","start",`Uncaught CSS Class error: ${e}`)}else w.error("ClsDynamicAdsInjector","start",`Invalid class name: ${t}`)}const o=oe(this._device,this._clsOptions.siteAds).filter((e=>this._locationEnabled(e))).filter((e=>{return t=e,i=this._device,t.devices.includes(i);var t,i})).filter((e=>{return 0===(t=e).pageSelector.length||null!==document.querySelector(t.pageSelector);var t})),r=this.inject(o);var i,n;if(null==(t=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig)||null==(e=t.content)?void 0:e.enabled)if(this._stickyContainerAdsExperiment.result&&!he(this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig.blockedSelectors||[]))de(`\n .adthrive-device-phone .adthrive-sticky-content {\n height: 450px !important;\n margin-bottom: 100px !important;\n }\n .adthrive-content.adthrive-sticky {\n position: -webkit-sticky;\n position: sticky !important;\n top: 42px !important;\n margin-top: 42px !important;\n }\n .adthrive-content.adthrive-sticky:after {\n content: "— Advertisement. Scroll down to continue. —";\n font-size: 10pt;\n margin-top: 5px;\n margin-bottom: 5px;\n display:block;\n color: #888;\n }\n .adthrive-sticky-container {\n position: relative;\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n justify-content: flex-start;\n align-items: center;\n min-height:${(null==(n=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig)||null==(i=n.content)?void 0:i.minHeight)||400}px !important;\n margin: 10px 0 10px 0;\n background-color: #FAFAFA;\n padding-bottom:0px;\n }\n `);r.forEach((e=>this._clsOptions.setInjectedSlots(e)))}catch(e){w.error("ClsDynamicAdsInjector","start",e)}}inject(e,t=document){this._densityDevice="desktop"===this._device?h.Desktop:h.Mobile,this._overrideDefaultAdDensitySettingsWithSiteExperiment();const i=this._clsOptions.siteAds,n=C(i.adDensityEnabled,!0),s=i.adDensityLayout&&n,o=e.filter((e=>s?e.location!==d.Content:e)),r=e.filter((e=>s?e.location===d.Content:null));return[...o.length?this._injectNonDensitySlots(o,t):[],...r.length?this._injectDensitySlots(r,t):[]]}_injectNonDensitySlots(e,t=document){var i;const n=[],s=[];if(this._stickyContainerRecipeExperiment.result&&e.some((e=>e.location===d.Recipe&&e.sticky))&&!he((null==(i=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig)?void 0:i.blockedSelectors)||[])){var o,r;const e=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig;(e=>{de(`\n .adthrive-recipe.adthrive-sticky {\n position: -webkit-sticky;\n position: sticky !important;\n top: 42px !important;\n margin-top: 42px !important;\n }\n .adthrive-recipe-sticky-container {\n position: relative;\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n justify-content: flex-start;\n align-items: center;\n min-height:${e||400}px !important;\n margin: 10px 0 10px 0;\n background-color: #FAFAFA;\n padding-bottom:0px;\n }\n `)})("phone"===this._device?null==e||null==(o=e.recipeMobile)?void 0:o.minHeight:null==e||null==(r=e.recipeDesktop)?void 0:r.minHeight)}for(const i of e)this._insertNonDensityAds(i,n,s,t);return s.forEach((({location:e,element:t})=>{t.style.minHeight=this.locationToMinHeight[e]})),n}_injectDensitySlots(e,t=document){try{this._calculateMainContentHeightAndAllElements(e,t)}catch(e){return[]}const{onePerViewport:i,targetAll:n,targetDensityUnits:s,combinedMax:o,numberOfUnits:r}=this._getDensitySettings(e,t);return this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice=i?window.innerHeight:this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice,r?(this._adInjectionMap.filterUsed(),this._findElementsForAds(r,i,n,o,s,t),this._insertAds()):[]}_overrideDefaultAdDensitySettingsWithSiteExperiment(){var e;if(null==(e=this._clsTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment)?void 0:e.enabled){const e=this._clsTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment.result;"number"==typeof e&&(this._clsOptions.siteAds.adDensityEnabled=!0,this._clsOptions.siteAds.adDensityLayout[this._densityDevice].adDensity=e)}}_getDensitySettings(e,t=document){const i=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adDensityLayout,n=this._determineOverrides(i.pageOverrides),s=n.length?n[0]:i[this._densityDevice],o=this._clsOptions.getTargetDensity(s.adDensity),r=s.onePerViewport,a=this._shouldTargetAllEligible(o),l=this._getTargetDensityUnits(o,a),c=this._getCombinedMax(e,t),d=Math.min(this._totalAvailableElements.length,l,...c>0?[c]:[]);return this._pubLog={onePerViewport:r,targetDensity:o,targetDensityUnits:l,combinedMax:c},{onePerViewport:r,targetAll:a,targetDensityUnits:l,combinedMax:c,numberOfUnits:d}}_determineOverrides(e){return e.filter((e=>{const t=R(e.pageSelector);return""===e.pageSelector||t.elements&&t.elements.length})).map((e=>e[this._densityDevice]))}_shouldTargetAllEligible(e){return e===this._densityMax}_getTargetDensityUnits(e,t){return t?this._totalAvailableElements.length:Math.floor(e*this._mainContentHeight/(1-e)/this._minDivHeight)-this._recipeCount}_getCombinedMax(e,t=document){return C(e.filter((e=>{let i;try{i=t.querySelector(e.elementSelector)}catch(e){}return i})).map((e=>Number(e.max)+Number(e.lazyMaxDefaulted?0:e.lazyMax))).sort(((e,t)=>t-e))[0],0)}_elementLargerThanMainContent(e){return e.offsetHeight>=this._mainContentHeight&&this._totalAvailableElements.length>1}_elementDisplayNone(e){const t=window.getComputedStyle(e,null).display;return t&&"none"===t||"none"===e.style.display}_isBelowMaxes(e,t){return this._adInjectionMap.map.length<e&&this._adInjectionMap.map.length<t}_findElementsForAds(e,t,i,n,s,o=document){this._clsOptions.targetDensityLog={onePerViewport:t,combinedMax:n,targetDensityUnits:s,targetDensityPercentage:this._pubLog.targetDensity,mainContentHeight:this._mainContentHeight,recipeCount:this._recipeCount,numberOfEls:this._totalAvailableElements.length};const r=e=>{for(const{dynamicAd:t,element:r}of this._totalAvailableElements)if(this._logDensityInfo(r,t.elementSelector,e),!(!i&&this._elementLargerThanMainContent(r)||this._elementDisplayNone(r))){if(!this._isBelowMaxes(n,s))break;this._checkElementSpacing({dynamicAd:t,element:r,insertEvery:e,targetAll:i,target:o})}!this._usedAbsoluteMinimum&&this._smallerIncrementAttempts<5&&(++this._smallerIncrementAttempts,r(this._getSmallerIncrement(e)))},a=this._getInsertEvery(e,t,s);r(a)}_getSmallerIncrement(e){let t=.6*e;return t<=this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice&&(t=this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice,this._usedAbsoluteMinimum=!0),t}_insertNonDensityAds(e,t,i,n=document){let s=0,o=0,r=0;e.spacing>0&&(s=window.innerHeight*e.spacing,o=s);const a=this._repeatDynamicAds(e),l=this.getElements(e.elementSelector,n);e.skip;for(let c=e.skip;c<l.length&&!(r+1>a.length);c+=e.every){let h=l[c];if(s>0){const{bottom:e}=x(h);if(e<=o)continue;o=e+s}const u=a[r],p=`${u.location}_${u.sequence}`;t.some((e=>e.name===p))&&(r+=1);const m=this.getDynamicElementId(u),g=le(e),_=ce(e),y=[e.location===d.Sidebar&&e.sticky&&e.sequence&&e.sequence<=5?"adthrive-sticky-sidebar":"",this._stickyContainerRecipeExperiment.result&&e.location===d.Recipe&&e.sticky?"adthrive-recipe-sticky-container":"",g,_,...e.classNames],f=this.addAd(h,m,e.position,y);if(f){const s=re(u,f);if(s.length){const o={clsDynamicAd:e,dynamicAd:u,element:f,sizes:s,name:p,infinite:n!==document};t.push(o),i.push({location:u.location,element:f}),e.location===d.Recipe&&++this._recipeCount,r+=1}h=f}}}_insertAds(){const e=[];return this._adInjectionMap.filterUsed(),this._adInjectionMap.map.forEach((({el:t,dynamicAd:i,target:n},s)=>{const o=Number(i.sequence)+s,r=i.max,a=i.lazy&&o>r;i.sequence=o,i.lazy=a;const l=this._addContentAd(t,i,n);l&&(i.used=!0,e.push(l))})),e}_getInsertEvery(e,t,i){let n=this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice;return this._moreAvailableElementsThanUnitsToInject(i,e)?(this._usedAbsoluteMinimum=!1,n=this._useWiderSpacing(i,e)):(this._usedAbsoluteMinimum=!0,n=this._useSmallestSpacing(t)),t&&window.innerHeight>n?window.innerHeight:n}_useWiderSpacing(e,t){return this._mainContentHeight/Math.min(e,t)}_useSmallestSpacing(e){return e&&window.innerHeight>this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice?window.innerHeight:this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice}_moreAvailableElementsThanUnitsToInject(e,t){return this._totalAvailableElements.length>e||this._totalAvailableElements.length>t}_logDensityInfo(e,t,i){const{onePerViewport:n,targetDensity:s,targetDensityUnits:o,combinedMax:r}=this._pubLog;this._totalAvailableElements.length}_checkElementSpacing({dynamicAd:t,element:i,insertEvery:n,targetAll:s,target:o=document}){(this._isFirstAdInjected()||this._hasProperSpacing(i,t,s,n))&&this._markSpotForContentAd(i,e({},t),o)}_isFirstAdInjected(){return!this._adInjectionMap.map.length}_markSpotForContentAd(e,t,i=document){const n="beforebegin"===t.position||"afterbegin"===t.position;this._adInjectionMap.add(e,this._getElementCoords(e,n),t,i),this._adInjectionMap.sort()}_hasProperSpacing(e,t,i,n){const s="beforebegin"===t.position||"afterbegin"===t.position,o="beforeend"===t.position||"afterbegin"===t.position,r=i||this._isElementFarEnoughFromOtherAdElements(e,n,s),a=o||this._isElementNotInRow(e,s),l=-1===e.id.indexOf(`AdThrive_${d.Below_Post}`);return r&&a&&l}_isElementFarEnoughFromOtherAdElements(e,t,i){const n=this._getElementCoords(e,i);let s=!1;for(let e=0;e<this._adInjectionMap.map.length;e++){const i=this._adInjectionMap.map[e].coords,o=this._adInjectionMap.map[e+1]&&this._adInjectionMap.map[e+1].coords;if(s=n-t>i&&(!o||n+t<o),s)break}return s}_isElementNotInRow(e,t){const i=e.previousElementSibling,n=e.nextElementSibling,s=t?!i&&n||i&&e.tagName!==i.tagName?n:i:n;return!(!s||0!==e.getBoundingClientRect().height)||(!s||e.getBoundingClientRect().top!==s.getBoundingClientRect().top)}_calculateMainContentHeightAndAllElements(e,t=document){const[i,n]=((e,t,i=document)=>{const[n,s]=P(e,t,i);if(0===n.length)throw Error("No Main Content Elements Found");return[Array.from(n).reduce(((e,t)=>t.offsetHeight>e.offsetHeight?t:e))||document.body,s]})(e,this._adInjectionMap,t);this._mainContentDiv=i,this._totalAvailableElements=n,this._mainContentHeight=((e,t="div #comments, section .comments")=>{const i=e.querySelector(t);return i?e.offsetHeight-i.offsetHeight:e.offsetHeight})(this._mainContentDiv)}_getElementCoords(e,t=!1){const i=e.getBoundingClientRect();return(t?i.top:i.bottom)+window.scrollY}_addContentAd(e,t,i=document){var n,s;let o=null;const r=le(t),a=ce(t),l=(null==(s=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig)||null==(n=s.content)?void 0:n.enabled)&&this._stickyContainerAdsExperiment.result?"adthrive-sticky-container":"",c=this.addAd(e,this.getDynamicElementId(t),t.position,[l,r,a,...t.classNames]);if(c){const e=re(t,c);if(e.length){c.style.minHeight=this.locationToMinHeight[t.location];o={clsDynamicAd:t,dynamicAd:t,element:c,sizes:e,name:`${t.location}_${t.sequence}`,infinite:i!==document}}}return o}getDynamicElementId(e){return`AdThrive_${e.location}_${e.sequence}_${this._device}`}getElements(e,t=document){return t.querySelectorAll(e)}addAd(e,t,i,n=[]){if(!document.getElementById(t)){const s=`<div id="${t}" class="adthrive-ad ${n.join(" ")}"></div>`;e.insertAdjacentHTML(i,s)}return document.getElementById(t)}_repeatDynamicAds(t){const i=[],n=this._removeRecipeCapExperiment.result&&t.location===d.Recipe?99:this.locationMaxLazySequence.get(t.location),s=t.lazy?C(n,0):0,o=t.max,r=t.lazyMax,a=0===s&&t.lazy?o+r:Math.min(Math.max(s-t.sequence+1,0),o+r),l=Math.max(o,a);for(let n=0;n<l;n++){const s=Number(t.sequence)+n;if("Recipe_1"!==t.name||5!==s){const r=t.lazy&&n>=o;i.push(e({},t,{sequence:s,lazy:r}))}}return i}_locationEnabled(e){const t=this._clsOptions.enabledLocations.includes(e.location),i=this._clsOptions.disableAds&&this._clsOptions.disableAds.all||document.body.classList.contains("adthrive-disable-all"),n=!document.body.classList.contains("adthrive-disable-content")&&!this._clsOptions.disableAds.reasons.has("content_plugin");return t&&!i&&n}constructor(e,t){this._clsOptions=e,this._adInjectionMap=t,this._recipeCount=0,this._mainContentHeight=0,this._mainContentDiv=null,this._totalAvailableElements=[],this._minDivHeight=250,this._densityDevice=h.Desktop,this._pubLog={onePerViewport:!1,targetDensity:0,targetDensityUnits:0,combinedMax:0},this._densityMax=.99,this._smallerIncrementAttempts=0,this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice=250,this._usedAbsoluteMinimum=!1,this._infPageEndOffset=0,this.locationMaxLazySequence=new Map([[d.Recipe,5]]),this.locationToMinHeight={Below_Post:Ee,Content:Ee,Recipe:Ee,Sidebar:Ee};const{tablet:i,desktop:n}=this._clsOptions.siteAds.breakpoints;this._device=((e,t)=>{const i=window.innerWidth;return i>=t?"desktop":i>=e?"tablet":"phone"})(i,n),this._config=new ae(e),this._clsOptions.enabledLocations=this._config.enabledLocations,this._clsTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment=this._clsOptions.siteAds.siteExperiments?new xe(this._clsOptions):null,this._stickyContainerAdsExperiment=new Oe,this._stickyContainerRecipeExperiment=new Ae,this._removeRecipeCapExperiment=new ue}}function De(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var i,n,s={},o=Object.keys(e);for(n=0;n<o.length;n++)i=o[n],t.indexOf(i)>=0||(s[i]=e[i]);return s}class ke{get enabled(){return!0}}class Ie extends ke{setPotentialPlayersMap(){const e=this._videoConfig.players||[],t=this._filterPlayerMap(),i=e.filter((e=>"stationaryRelated"===e.type&&e.enabled));return t.stationaryRelated=i,this._potentialPlayerMap=t,this._potentialPlayerMap}_filterPlayerMap(){const e=this._videoConfig.players,t={stickyRelated:[],stickyPlaylist:[],stationaryRelated:[]};return e&&e.length?e.filter((e=>{var t;return null==(t=e.devices)?void 0:t.includes(this._device)})).reduce(((e,t)=>(e[t.type]||(w.event(this._component,"constructor","Unknown Video Player Type detected",t.type),e[t.type]=[]),t.enabled&&e[t.type].push(t),e)),t):t}_checkPlayerSelectorOnPage(e){const t=this._potentialPlayerMap[e].map((e=>({player:e,playerElement:this._getPlacementElement(e)})));return t.length?t[0]:{player:null,playerElement:null}}_getOverrideElement(e,t,i){if(e&&t){const n=document.createElement("div");t.insertAdjacentElement(e.position,n),i=n}else{const{player:e,playerElement:t}=this._checkPlayerSelectorOnPage("stickyPlaylist");if(e&&t){const n=document.createElement("div");t.insertAdjacentElement(e.position,n),i=n}}return i}_shouldOverrideElement(e){const t=e.getAttribute("override-embed");return"true"===t||"false"===t?"true"===t:!!this._videoConfig.relatedSettings&&this._videoConfig.relatedSettings.overrideEmbedLocation}_checkPageSelector(e,t,i=[]){if(e&&t&&0===i.length){return!("/"===window.location.pathname)&&w.event("VideoUtils","getPlacementElement",new Error(`PSNF: ${e} does not exist on the page`)),!1}return!0}_getElementSelector(e,t,i){return t&&t.length>i?t[i]:(w.event("VideoUtils","getPlacementElement",new Error(`ESNF: ${e} does not exist on the page`)),null)}_getPlacementElement(e){const{pageSelector:t,elementSelector:i,skip:n}=e,s=R(t),{valid:o,elements:r}=s,a=De(s,["valid","elements"]),l=I(i),{valid:c,elements:d}=l,h=De(l,["valid","elements"]);if(""!==t&&!o)return w.error("VideoUtils","getPlacementElement",new Error(`${t} is not a valid selector`),a),null;if(!c)return w.error("VideoUtils","getPlacementElement",new Error(`${i} is not a valid selector`),h),null;if(!this._checkPageSelector(t,o,r))return null;return this._getElementSelector(i,d,n)||null}_getEmbeddedPlayerType(e){let t=e.getAttribute("data-player-type");return t&&"default"!==t||(t=this._videoConfig.relatedSettings?this._videoConfig.relatedSettings.defaultPlayerType:"static"),this._stickyRelatedOnPage&&(t="static"),t}_getMediaId(e){const t=e.getAttribute("data-video-id");return!!t&&(this._relatedMediaIds.push(t),t)}_createRelatedPlayer(e,t,i,n){"collapse"===t?this._createCollapsePlayer(e,i):"static"===t&&this._createStaticPlayer(e,i,n)}_createCollapsePlayer(t,i){const{player:n,playerElement:s}=this._checkPlayerSelectorOnPage("stickyRelated"),o=n||this._potentialPlayerMap.stationaryRelated[0];if(o&&o.playerId){this._shouldOverrideElement(i)&&(i=this._getOverrideElement(n,s,i)),i=document.querySelector(`#cls-video-container-${t} > div`)||i,this._createStickyRelatedPlayer(e({},o,{mediaId:t}),i)}else w.error(this._component,"_createCollapsePlayer","No video player found")}_createStaticPlayer(t,i,n){if(this._potentialPlayerMap.stationaryRelated.length&&this._potentialPlayerMap.stationaryRelated[0].playerId){const s=this._potentialPlayerMap.stationaryRelated[0];this._createStationaryRelatedPlayer(e({},s,{mediaOrPlaylistId:t}),i,n)}else w.error(this._component,"_createStaticPlayer","No video player found")}_shouldRunAutoplayPlayers(){return!(!this._isVideoAllowedOnPage()||!this._potentialPlayerMap.stickyRelated.length&&!this._potentialPlayerMap.stickyPlaylist.length)}_determineAutoplayPlayers(){const e=this._component,t="VideoManagerComponent"===e,i=this._context;if(this._stickyRelatedOnPage)return void w.event(e,"stickyRelatedOnPage",t&&{device:i&&i.device,isDesktop:this._device}||{});const{player:n,playerElement:s}=this._checkPlayerSelectorOnPage("stickyPlaylist");n&&n.playerId&&n.playlistId&&s?this._createPlaylistPlayer(n,s):Math.random()<.01&&setTimeout((()=>{w.event(e,"noStickyPlaylist",t&&{vendor:"none",device:i&&i.device,isDesktop:this._device}||{})}),1e3)}_initializeRelatedPlayers(e){const t=new Map;for(let i=0;i<e.length;i++){const n=e[i],s=n.offsetParent,o=this._getEmbeddedPlayerType(n),r=this._getMediaId(n);if(s&&r){const e=(t.get(r)||0)+1;t.set(r,e),this._createRelatedPlayer(r,o,n,e)}}}constructor(e,t,i){super(),this._videoConfig=e,this._component=t,this._context=i,this._stickyRelatedOnPage=!1,this._relatedMediaIds=[],this._device=A()?"desktop":"mobile",this._potentialPlayerMap=this.setPotentialPlayersMap()}}class Re extends Ie{init(){this._initializePlayers()}_wrapVideoPlayerWithCLS(e,t,i=0){if(e.parentNode){const n=e.offsetWidth*(9/16),s=this._createGenericCLSWrapper(n,t,i);return e.parentNode.insertBefore(s,e),s.appendChild(e),s}return null}_createGenericCLSWrapper(e,t,i){const n=document.createElement("div");return n.id=`cls-video-container-${t}`,n.className="adthrive",n.style.minHeight=`${e+i}px`,n}_getTitleHeight(){const e=document.createElement("h3");e.style.margin="10px 0",e.innerText="Title",e.style.visibility="hidden",document.body.appendChild(e);const t=window.getComputedStyle(e),i=parseInt(t.height,10),n=parseInt(t.marginTop,10),s=parseInt(t.marginBottom,10);return document.body.removeChild(e),Math.min(i+s+n,50)}_initializePlayers(){const e=document.querySelectorAll(this._IN_POST_SELECTOR);e.length&&this._initializeRelatedPlayers(e),this._shouldRunAutoplayPlayers()&&this._determineAutoplayPlayers()}_createStationaryRelatedPlayer(e,t,i){const n="mobile"===this._device?[400,225]:[640,360],s=u.Video_In_Post_ClicktoPlay_SoundOn;if(t&&e.mediaOrPlaylistId){const o=`${e.mediaOrPlaylistId}_${i}`,r=this._wrapVideoPlayerWithCLS(t,o);this._playersAddedFromPlugin.push(e.mediaOrPlaylistId),r&&this._clsOptions.setInjectedVideoSlots({playerId:e.playerId,playerName:s,playerSize:n,element:r,type:"stationaryRelated"})}}_createStickyRelatedPlayer(e,t){const i="mobile"===this._device?[400,225]:[640,360],n=u.Video_Individual_Autoplay_SOff;if(this._stickyRelatedOnPage=!0,this._videoConfig.mobileStickyPlayerOnPage="mobile"===this._device,t&&e.position&&e.mediaId){const s=document.createElement("div");t.insertAdjacentElement(e.position,s);const o=this._getTitleHeight(),r=this._wrapVideoPlayerWithCLS(s,e.mediaId,this._WRAPPER_BAR_HEIGHT+o);this._playersAddedFromPlugin.push(e.mediaId),r&&this._clsOptions.setInjectedVideoSlots({playlistId:e.playlistId,playerId:e.playerId,playerSize:i,playerName:n,element:s,type:"stickyRelated"})}}_createPlaylistPlayer(e,t){const i=e.playlistId,n="mobile"===this._device?u.Video_Coll_SOff_Smartphone:u.Video_Collapse_Autoplay_SoundOff,s="mobile"===this._device?[400,225]:[640,360];this._videoConfig.mobileStickyPlayerOnPage=!0;const o=document.createElement("div");t.insertAdjacentElement(e.position,o);let r=this._WRAPPER_BAR_HEIGHT;e.title&&(r+=this._getTitleHeight());const a=this._wrapVideoPlayerWithCLS(o,i,r);this._playersAddedFromPlugin.push(`playlist-${i}`),a&&this._clsOptions.setInjectedVideoSlots({playlistId:e.playlistId,playerId:e.playerId,playerSize:s,playerName:n,element:o,type:"stickyPlaylist"})}_isVideoAllowedOnPage(){const e=this._clsOptions.disableAds;if(e&&e.video){let t="";e.reasons.has("video_tag")?t="video tag":e.reasons.has("video_plugin")?t="video plugin":e.reasons.has("video_page")&&(t="command queue");const i=t?"ClsVideoInsertionMigrated":"ClsVideoInsertion";return w.error(i,"isVideoAllowedOnPage",new Error(`DBP: Disabled by publisher via ${t||"other"}`)),!1}return!this._clsOptions.videoDisabledFromPlugin}constructor(e,t){super(e,"ClsVideoInsertion"),this._videoConfig=e,this._clsOptions=t,this._IN_POST_SELECTOR=".adthrive-video-player",this._WRAPPER_BAR_HEIGHT=36,this._playersAddedFromPlugin=[],t.removeVideoTitleWrapper&&(this._WRAPPER_BAR_HEIGHT=0)}}class Me{add(e,t,i,n=document){this._map.push({el:e,coords:t,dynamicAd:i,target:n})}get map(){return this._map}sort(){this._map.sort((({coords:e},{coords:t})=>e-t))}filterUsed(){this._map=this._map.filter((({dynamicAd:e})=>!e.used))}reset(){this._map=[]}constructor(){this._map=[]}}class Le extends Me{}try{(()=>{const e=new H;e&&e.enabled&&(new Pe(e,new Le).start(),new Re(new F(e),e).init())})()}catch(e){w.error("CLS","pluginsertion-iife",e),window.adthriveCLS&&(window.adthriveCLS.injectedFromPlugin=!1)}}(); </script><script data-no-optimize="1" data-cfasync="false">(function () {var clsElements = document.querySelectorAll("script[id^='cls-']"); window.adthriveCLS && clsElements && clsElements.length === 0 ? window.adthriveCLS.injectedFromPlugin = false : ""; })();</script> <div class="newsletter-popup-wrap position-fixed top-0 start-0 w-100 vh-100 d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center"> <div class="newsletter-popup-overlay position-absolute top-0 start-0 w-100 h-100 z-1"></div> <div class="newsletter-popup-content position-relative z-2 d-flex align-items-center overflow-hidden flex-column-reverse flex-lg-row"> <div class="newsletter-popup-image position-relative"> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/gy9MEPPh13oBHA0rtm_2CA/597ca001-974c-4b97-f3bd-939a2a8cdc00/Mobile" srcset=" https://imagedelivery.net/gy9MEPPh13oBHA0rtm_2CA/597ca001-974c-4b97-f3bd-939a2a8cdc00/public 1366w, https://imagedelivery.net/gy9MEPPh13oBHA0rtm_2CA/597ca001-974c-4b97-f3bd-939a2a8cdc00/Desktop 1280w, https://imagedelivery.net/gy9MEPPh13oBHA0rtm_2CA/597ca001-974c-4b97-f3bd-939a2a8cdc00/Tablet 768w, https://imagedelivery.net/gy9MEPPh13oBHA0rtm_2CA/597ca001-974c-4b97-f3bd-939a2a8cdc00/Mobile 480w" sizes=" (min-width: 1400px) 1366px, (min-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 768px) 768px, 480px" alt="Subscribe the newsletter" title="Subscribe the newsletter" loading="lazy" class="w-100 h-100 object-fit-cover" width="480" height="270"> </div> <div class="newsletter-popup-text-content position-relative h-100 d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center flex-column bg-white"> <div class="newsletter-popup-close z-1 position-absolute d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center cursor-pointer"> <i class="bi bi-x text-dark"></i> </div> <h3 class="text-dark font-inherit font-30 mb-2 z-1 text-center d-none"></h3> <p class="text-dark font-md font-inherit z-1 w-75 text-center text-lg-start mb-4"> Stay up to date on all the latest tech, computing and smarter living. 100% FREE </p> <div class="popup-newsletter-wrap exclusive-content-newsletter-wrap z-1"> <div class="newsletter-form-wrap position-relative"> <!-- <script async data-uid="27513f91ee" src="https://computeruser.ck.page/27513f91ee/index.js"></script> --> <!-- <script async data-uid="b67f3959cf" src="https://nashville-gab.ck.page/b67f3959cf/index.js"></script> --> <!-- <script async data-uid="27513f91ee" src="https://computeruser.kit.com/27513f91ee/index.js"></script> --> <!-- <script async data-uid="d8ef7e4057" src="https://computeruser.kit.com/d8ef7e4057/index.js"></script> --> <script async data-uid="d8ef7e4057" src="https://computeruser.kit.com/d8ef7e4057/index.js"></script> </div> </div> <p class="font-inherit text-dark font-md lh-base mb-0 mt-4 text-center w-75"> Unsubscribe at any time. We hate spam too, don't worry. </p> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://computeruser.com/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?ver=4d63a3d491d11ffd8ac6" id="wp-hooks-js"></script> <script src="https://computeruser.com/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=5e580eb46a90c2b997e6" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script id="wp-i18n-js-after"> wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); </script> <script src="https://computeruser.com/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/swv/js/index.js?ver=6.0" id="swv-js"></script> <script id="contact-form-7-js-before"> var wpcf7 = { "api": { "root": "https:\/\/computeruser.com\/wp-json\/", "namespace": "contact-form-7\/v1" }, "cached": 1 }; </script> <script src="https://computeruser.com/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/js/index.js?ver=6.0" id="contact-form-7-js"></script> <script src="https://computeruser.com/wp-content/themes/cu/js/navigation-min.js?ver=1.2.0" id="cu-navigation-js"></script> <script id="cu_main_script-js-extra"> var admin_options = {"toggle_lead_popup":"no","lead_form_popup_timer":"30000","page_scroll_limit":"30"}; </script> <script src="https://computeruser.com/wp-content/themes/cu/assets/js/script-min.js?ver=1.2.0" id="cu_main_script-js"></script> <script>!function(){"use strict";!function(e){if(-1===e.cookie.indexOf("__adblocker")){e.cookie="__adblocker=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT; path=/";var t=new XMLHttpRequest;t.open("GET","https://ads.adthrive.com/abd/abd.js",!0),t.onreadystatechange=function(){if(XMLHttpRequest.DONE===t.readyState)if(200===t.status){var a=e.createElement("script");a.innerHTML=t.responseText,e.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(a)}else{var n=new Date;n.setTime(n.getTime()+3e5),e.cookie="__adblocker=true; expires="+n.toUTCString()+"; path=/"}},t.send()}}(document)}(); </script><script>!function(){"use strict";var e;e=document,function(){var t,n;function r(){var t=e.createElement("script");t.src="https://cafemedia-com.videoplayerhub.com/galleryplayer.js",e.head.appendChild(t)}function a(){var t=e.cookie.match("(^|[^;]+)\\s*__adblocker\\s*=\\s*([^;]+)");return t&&t.pop()}function c(){clearInterval(n)}return{init:function(){var e;"true"===(t=a())?r():(e=0,n=setInterval((function(){100!==e&&"false"!==t||c(),"true"===t&&(r(),c()),t=a(),e++}),50))}}}().init()}(); </script> <!-- Mobile Offcanvas menu --> <div class="cu_mobile_offcanvas_menu position-fixed w-100 vh-100"> <div class="offcanvas_menu_overlay position-absolute top-0 start-0 w-100 h-100 z-1 user-select-none offcanvas-close"></div> <div class="offcanvas_menu_content bg-white z-2 position-relative w-100"> <div class="offcanvas_menu_header pt-4 px-10 pb-2 d-flex align-items-center justify-content-end"> <i class="bi bi-x-lg cursor-pointer fw-bold offcanvas-close"></i> </div> <nav id="offcanvas-menu" class="offcanvas-menu"> <div class="menu-primary-navigation-container"><ul id="offcanvas-mobile-menu" class="p-0 m-0 d-flex align-items-center justify-content-start flex-wrap list-unstyled flex-column"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-7273"><a href="https://computeruser.com/category/news">News</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-7275"><a href="https://computeruser.com/tag/featured">Featured</a></li> </ul></div> </nav> </div> </div> </body> </html> <!-- plugin=object-cache-pro client=phpredis metric#hits=1780 metric#misses=37 metric#hit-ratio=98.0 metric#bytes=945649 metric#prefetches=62 metric#store-reads=42 metric#store-writes=8 metric#store-hits=76 metric#store-misses=33 metric#sql-queries=22 metric#ms-total=223.12 metric#ms-cache=25.39 metric#ms-cache-avg=0.5183 metric#ms-cache-ratio=11.4 -->