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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Zymogen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proenzim" title="Proenzim – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Proenzim" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimogen" title="Zimogen – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Zimogen" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proenzym" title="Proenzym – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Proenzym" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proenzym" title="Proenzym – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Proenzym" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zymogen" title="Zymogen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zymogen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zim%C3%B3geno" title="Zimógeno – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Zimógeno" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%DA%98%D9%86" title="زیموژن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زیموژن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proenzyme" title="Proenzyme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Proenzyme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cim%C3%B3xeno" title="Cimóxeno – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cimóxeno" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EB%AA%A8%EA%B2%90" title="지모겐 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지모겐" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%86%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Նախաֆերմենտներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նախաֆերմենտներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimogeno" title="Zimogeno – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Zimogeno" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimogen" title="Zimogen – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Zimogen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimogeno" title="Zimogeno – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Zimogeno" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%92%D7%9F" title="זימוגן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זימוגן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimogen" title="Zimogen – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Zimogen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro-enzym" title="Pro-enzym – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pro-enzym" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%B5%E7%B4%A0%E5%89%8D%E9%A7%86%E4%BD%93" title="酵素前駆体 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="酵素前駆体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zymogen" title="Zymogen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Zymogen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proenzym" title="Proenzym – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Proenzym" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zim%C3%B3geno" title="Zimógeno – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Zimógeno" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimogen" title="Zimogen – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Zimogen" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Проферменты – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Проферменты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proencim" title="Proencim – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Proencim" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proenzim" title="Proenzim – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Proenzim" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsymogeeni" title="Tsymogeeni – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tsymogeeni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proenzym" title="Proenzym – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Proenzym" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimogen" title="Zimogen – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Zimogen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Проферменти – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Проферменти" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%B6%E5%8E%9F" title="酶原 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="酶原" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q245759#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Inactive precursor to an enzyme</div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Biochemistry" title="Biochemistry">biochemistry</a>, a <b>zymogen</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/ən/: 'on' in 'button'">ən</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>-/</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), also called a <b>proenzyme</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), is an inactive <a href="/wiki/Protein_precursor" title="Protein precursor">precursor</a> of an <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzyme</a>. A zymogen requires a biochemical change (such as a <a href="/wiki/Hydrolysis" title="Hydrolysis">hydrolysis</a> reaction revealing the <a href="/wiki/Active_site" title="Active site">active site</a>, or changing the configuration to reveal the active site) for it to become an active enzyme. The biochemical change usually occurs in <a href="/wiki/Golgi_apparatus" title="Golgi apparatus">Golgi bodies</a>, where a specific part of the precursor enzyme is <a href="/wiki/Post-translational_modification" title="Post-translational modification">cleaved</a> in order to activate it. The inactivating piece which is cleaved off can be a <a href="/wiki/Peptide" title="Peptide">peptide</a> unit, or can be independently-folding <a href="/wiki/Protein_domain" title="Protein domain">domains</a> comprising more than 100 <a href="/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid">residues</a>. Although they limit the enzyme's ability, these <a href="/wiki/N-terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="N-terminal">N-terminal</a> extensions of the enzyme or a "prosegment" often aid in the stabilization and <a href="/wiki/Protein_folding" title="Protein folding">folding</a> of the enzyme they inhibit.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Pancreas" title="Pancreas">pancreas</a> secretes zymogens partly to prevent the enzymes from digesting proteins in the <a href="/wiki/Cell_(biology)" title="Cell (biology)">cells</a> in which they are synthesised. Enzymes like <a href="/wiki/Pepsin" title="Pepsin">pepsin</a> are created in the form of <a href="/wiki/Pepsinogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Pepsinogen">pepsinogen</a>, an inactive zymogen. Pepsinogen is activated when <a href="/wiki/Chief_cell" title="Chief cell">chief cells</a> release it into the <a href="/wiki/Gastric_acid" title="Gastric acid">gastric acid</a>, whose <a href="/wiki/Hydrochloric_acid" title="Hydrochloric acid">hydrochloric acid</a> partially activates it.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another partially inactivated pepsinogen completes the activation by removing the peptide, turning the pepsinogen into pepsin. Accidental activation of zymogens can happen when the secretion duct in the pancreas is blocked by a <a href="/wiki/Gallstone" title="Gallstone">gallstone</a>, resulting in acute <a href="/wiki/Pancreatitis" title="Pancreatitis">pancreatitis</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fungus" title="Fungus">Fungi</a> also secrete <a href="/wiki/Digestive_enzyme" title="Digestive enzyme">digestive enzymes</a> into the environment as zymogens. The external environment has a different <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> than inside the fungal cell and this changes the zymogen's structure into an active enzyme.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Another way that enzymes can exist in inactive forms and later be converted to active forms is by activating only when a <a href="/wiki/Cofactor_(biochemistry)" title="Cofactor (biochemistry)">cofactor</a>, called a coenzyme, is bound. In this system, the inactive form (the apoenzyme) becomes the active form (the holoenzyme) when the coenzyme binds. </p><p>In the duodenum, the pancreatic zymogens, trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, proelastase and procarboxypeptidase, are converted into active enzymes by enteropeptidase and trypsin. Chymotrypsinogen, a single polypeptide chain of 245 amino acids residues, is converted to alpha-chymotrypsin, which has three polypeptide chains linked by two of the five disulfide bond present in the primary structure of chymotrypsinogen.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zymogen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Examples of zymogens: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trypsinogen" title="Trypsinogen">Trypsinogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chymotrypsinogen" title="Chymotrypsinogen">Chymotrypsinogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepsinogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Pepsinogen">Pepsinogen</a></li> <li>Most proteins in the <a href="/wiki/Coagulation" title="Coagulation">coagulation system</a> (examples, prothrombin, or plasminogen)</li> <li>Some of the proteins of the <a href="/wiki/Complement_system" title="Complement system">complement system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procaspases" class="mw-redirect" title="Procaspases">Procaspases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifastin" title="Pacifastin">Pacifastin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proelastase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proelastase (page does not exist)">Proelastase</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prolipase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prolipase (page does not exist)">Prolipase</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procarboxypolypeptidases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Procarboxypolypeptidases (page does not exist)">Procarboxypolypeptidases</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zymogen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">Enzyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">Protein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohormone" title="Prohormone">Prohormone</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zymogen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/zymogen">"zymogen"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-01-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=zymogen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fzymogen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZymogen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182724/https://www.lexico.com/definition/zymogen">"zymogen"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/zymogen">the original</a> on 2020-03-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=zymogen&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2Fzymogen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZymogen" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/proenzyme">"proenzyme"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-01-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=proenzyme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fproenzyme&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZymogen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200322185633/https://www.lexico.com/definition/proenzyme">"proenzyme"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/proenzyme">the original</a> on 2020-03-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=proenzyme&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2Fproenzyme&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZymogen" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDworken1982" class="citation book cs1">Dworken HJ (1982-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KB_FAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA85">"CHAPTER 4 - Functional Characteristics of the Stomach"</a>. <i>Gastroenterology: Pathophysiology and Clinical Applications</i>. Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. <span class="nowrap">85–</span>104. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-0-409-95021-2.50009-1">10.1016/b978-0-409-95021-2.50009-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-409-95021-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-409-95021-2"><bdi>978-0-409-95021-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=CHAPTER+4+-+Functional+Characteristics+of+the+Stomach&rft.btitle=Gastroenterology%3A+Pathophysiology+and+Clinical+Applications&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E85-%3C%2Fspan%3E104&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=1982-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fb978-0-409-95021-2.50009-1&rft.isbn=978-0-409-95021-2&rft.aulast=Dworken&rft.aufirst=HJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKB_FAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZymogen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinaKumar2016" class="citation web cs1">Mina U, Kumar P (January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310996086">"Life Sciences, Fundamentals and Practice, Part I"</a>. <i>ResearchGate</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ResearchGate&rft.atitle=Life+Sciences%2C+Fundamentals+and+Practice%2C+Part+I&rft.date=2016-01&rft.aulast=Mina&rft.aufirst=U&rft.au=Kumar%2C+P&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F310996086&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZymogen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zymogen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/zymogen" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/zymogen">zymogen</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://courses.washington.edu/conj/bess/zymogens/zymogens.html">Zymogens - Washington.edu</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2143990/">Molecular mechanisms for the conversion of zymogens to active proteolytic enzymes</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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