CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Hopi - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"a05a320c-62ec-4abb-8723-fb69431d43d7","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Hopi","wgTitle":"Hopi","wgCurRevisionId":1281581785,"wgRevisionId":1281581785,"wgArticleId":58035,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from February 2021","Articles with permanently dead external links","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Short description matches Wikidata","\"Related ethnic groups\" needing confirmation","Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from April 2021","Articles with unsourced statements from August 2024","Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018","Articles with unsourced statements from September 2024","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Articles with Project Gutenberg links","Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia without Wikisource reference","Indigenous peoples of North America articles needing expert attention","Hopi","Federally recognized tribes in the United States","Native American history of Arizona","Native American tribes in Arizona","Puebloan peoples","Uto-Aztecan peoples"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Hopi","wgRelevantArticleId":58035,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q117255","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.22"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Hopi_woman_with_a_traditional_pot_and_traditional_clothing.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1798"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Hopi_woman_with_a_traditional_pot_and_traditional_clothing.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1199"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="959"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Hopi - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="auth.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Hopi rootpage-Hopi skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Hopi" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Hopi" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Hopi" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Hopi" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Oraibi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oraibi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Oraibi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oraibi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_European_contact,_1540–1680" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_European_contact,_1540–1680"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Early European contact, 1540–1680</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_European_contact,_1540–1680-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pueblo_Revolt_of_1680" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pueblo_Revolt_of_1680"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pueblo Revolt of 1680</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pueblo_Revolt_of_1680-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hopi-U.S._relations,_1849–1946" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hopi-U.S._relations,_1849–1946"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Hopi-U.S. relations, 1849–1946</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hopi-U.S._relations,_1849–1946-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Hopi-U.S. relations, 1849–1946 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hopi-U.S._relations,_1849–1946-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hopi_land" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hopi_land"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Hopi land</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hopi_land-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oraibi_split" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oraibi_split"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Oraibi split</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oraibi_split-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Federal recognition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hopi–Navajo_land_disputes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hopi–Navajo_land_disputes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Hopi–Navajo land disputes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hopi–Navajo_land_disputes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tribal_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tribal_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Tribal government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tribal_government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tribal government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tribal_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tribal_officers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tribal_officers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Tribal officers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tribal_officers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tribal_council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tribal_council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Tribal council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tribal_council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tribal_courts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tribal_courts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Tribal courts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tribal_courts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Economic development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Albinism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Albinism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Albinism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Albinism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_Hopi_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_Hopi_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notable Hopi people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_Hopi_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hopi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="هوبي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هوبي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi_(xalq)" title="Hopi (xalq) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hopi (xalq)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%B1" title="هوپی‌لر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هوپی‌لر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF" title="হোপি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হোপি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%96" title="Хопі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хопі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8" title="Хопи – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хопи" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88tnia_hopi" title="Ètnia hopi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ètnia hopi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopiov%C3%A9" title="Hopiové – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hopiové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hopi" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hopi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hopi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ooz%C3%A9%C3%AD_/_Ayahkinii" title="Oozéí / Ayahkinii – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Oozéí / Ayahkinii" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%B9" title="Χόπι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χόπι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hopi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopioj" title="Hopioj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hopioj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hopi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="هوپی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هوپی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopis" title="Hopis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hopis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B3ipigh" title="Hóipigh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Hóipigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_hopi" title="Pobo hopi – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo hopi" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%98%B8%ED%94%BC%EC%A1%B1" title="호피족 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="호피족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hopi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hopi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hopi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99" title="הופי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הופי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8" title="Хопи – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хопи" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopiai" title="Hopiai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hopiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%89_(%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%87_%D9%81%D9%89_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="هوبى (مجموعه عرقيه فى كولومبيا) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هوبى (مجموعه عرقيه فى كولومبيا)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hopi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi_(volk)" title="Hopi (volk) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hopi (volk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9B%E3%83%94%E6%97%8F" title="ホピ族 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ホピ族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hopi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopiar" title="Hopiar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hopiar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopitu_shinumu" title="Hopitu shinumu – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Hopitu shinumu" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80" title="ਹੋਪੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹੋਪੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hopi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopis" title="Hopis – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hopis" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hopi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Хопи (народ) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хопи (народ)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Hopi" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopiovia" title="Hopiovia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hopiovia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopiji" title="Hopiji – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hopiji" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8" title="Хопи – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хопи" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hopi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopit" title="Hopit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hopit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hopi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopiler" title="Hopiler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hopiler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%96" title="Хопі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хопі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Hopi" title="Người Hopi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Hopi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E7%9A%AE%E4%BA%BA" title="霍皮人 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="霍皮人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q117255#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hopi" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Hopi" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hopi"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hopi"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Hopi" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Hopi" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&oldid=1281581785" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Hopi&id=1281581785&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHopi"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHopi"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Hopi&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Hopi" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q117255" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Native American tribe</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Hopi_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Hopi (disambiguation)">Hopi (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Hopi Tribe</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div>Hopisinom</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hopi_woman_with_a_traditional_pot_and_traditional_clothing.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Hopi_woman_with_a_traditional_pot_and_traditional_clothing.png/200px-Hopi_woman_with_a_traditional_pot_and_traditional_clothing.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Hopi_woman_with_a_traditional_pot_and_traditional_clothing.png/300px-Hopi_woman_with_a_traditional_pot_and_traditional_clothing.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Hopi_woman_with_a_traditional_pot_and_traditional_clothing.png/400px-Hopi_woman_with_a_traditional_pot_and_traditional_clothing.png 2x" data-file-width="586" data-file-height="878" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A Hopi girl with a customary Hopi squash blossom hairstyle, woven wearing blanket, jewelry, and an <a href="/wiki/Olla" title="Olla">olla</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">19,338 (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-census_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">United States (Arizona)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Hopi_language" title="Hopi language">Hopi</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Native_American_Church" title="Native American Church">Native American Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Native_American_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American religion">Hopi religion</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Puebloan_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Puebloan peoples">Pueblo peoples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uto-Aztecan" class="mw-redirect" title="Uto-Aztecan">Uto-Aztecan</a> peoples </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox" style="background:#fff6d9"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">People</th><td class="infobox-data">Hopi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hopi_language" title="Hopi language">Hopilàvayi</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Plains_Indian_Sign_Language" title="Plains Indian Sign Language">Hand Talk</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hopi_Reservation" title="Hopi Reservation">Hopitutskwa</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Hopi</b> are <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a> who primarily live in northeastern Arizona. The majority are enrolled in the <b>Hopi Tribe of Arizona</b><sup id="cite_ref-fr23_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fr23-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and live on the <a href="/wiki/Hopi_Reservation" title="Hopi Reservation">Hopi Reservation</a> in northeastern <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>; however, some Hopi people are enrolled in the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_Indian_Tribes_of_the_Colorado_River_Indian_Reservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorado River Indian Tribes of the Colorado River Indian Reservation">Colorado River Indian Tribes of the Colorado River Indian Reservation</a><sup id="cite_ref-fr23_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fr23-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the border of Arizona and California. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010 U.S. census</a> states that about 19,338 US citizens self-identify as being Hopi.<sup id="cite_ref-census_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Hopi_language" title="Hopi language">Hopi language</a> belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Uto-Aztecan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Uto-Aztecan language">Uto-Aztecan language</a> family. </p><p>The primary meaning of the word <i>Hopi</i> is "behaving one, one who is mannered, civilized, peaceable, polite, who adheres to the Hopi Way."<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some sources contrast this to other warring tribes that subsist on plunder.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Hopi</i> is a concept deeply rooted in the culture's religion, spirituality, and its view of morality and ethics. To be Hopi is to strive toward this concept, which involves a state of total reverence for all things, peace with these things, and life in accordance with the instructions of <a href="/wiki/Maasaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Maasaw">Maasaw</a>, the Creator or Caretaker of Earth. The Hopi observe their religious ceremonies for the benefit of the entire world. </p><p>Hopi organize themselves into <a href="/wiki/Matrilineal" class="mw-redirect" title="Matrilineal">matrilineal</a> clans. Children are born into the clan of their mother. Clans extend across all villages. Children are named by the women of the father's clan. After the child is introduced to the Sun, the women of the paternal clan gather, and name the child in honor of the father's clan. Children can be given over 40 names.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The village members decide the common name. Current practice is to use a non-Hopi or English name or the parent's chosen Hopi name. A person may also change the name upon initiation to traditional religious societies, or a major life event. </p><p>The Hopi understand their land to be sacred and understand their role as caretakers of the land that they inherited from their ancestors.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Agriculture is significant to their lifeways and economy. Precontact architecture reflects early Hopi society and perceptions of home and family. Many Hopi homes share traits of neighboring <a href="/wiki/Pueblo" title="Pueblo">Pueblo</a> tribes. Early communal structures, especially <a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Great_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Pueblo Great House">Pueblo Great Houses</a>, include living rooms, storage rooms, and religious sanctuaries, called <a href="/wiki/Kivas" class="mw-redirect" title="Kivas">kivas</a>. Each of these rooms allowed for specific activities.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Hopi encountered Spaniards in the 16th century, and are historically referred to as <a href="/wiki/Puebloan_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Puebloan peoples">Pueblo people</a>, because they lived in villages (<i>pueblos</i> in the Spanish language). The Hopi are thought to be descended from the <a href="/wiki/Ancestral_Pueblo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancestral Pueblo people">Ancestral Pueblo people</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hopi_language" title="Hopi language">Hopi</a>: <i>Hisatsinom</i>), who constructed large apartment-house complexes and had an advanced culture that spanned the present-day <a href="/wiki/Four_Corners" title="Four Corners">Four Corners</a> region of the United States, comprising southeastern <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a>, northeastern <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>, northwestern <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>, and southwestern <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is thought that Hopi people descend from those Ancestral Puebloan settlements along the <a href="/wiki/Mogollon_Rim" title="Mogollon Rim">Mogollon Rim</a> of northern Arizona. </p><p>Hopi villages are now located atop mesas in northern <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>. The Hopi originally settled near the foot of the mesas but in the course of the 17th century moved to the mesa tops for protection from the Utes, Apaches, and Spanish.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 16, 1882, <a href="/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur" title="Chester A. Arthur">President Chester A. Arthur</a> passed an executive order creating an <a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservation</a> for the Hopi. It was smaller than the surrounding land that was annexed by the <a href="/wiki/Navajo_Nation" title="Navajo Nation">Navajo Reservation</a>, which is the largest reservation in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitely,_Peter_M._1988_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitely,_Peter_M._1988-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2005<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Hopi Reservation is entirely surrounded by the much larger Navajo Reservation. As the result of land disputes from 1940 to 1970 or earlier, the two nations used to share the government designated <i><a href="/wiki/Navajo%E2%80%93Hopi_Joint_Use_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Navajo–Hopi Joint Use Area">Navajo–Hopi Joint Use Area</a></i>, but this continued to be a source of conflict. The partition of this area, commonly known as <a href="/wiki/Big_Mountain,_Arizona" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Mountain, Arizona">Big Mountain</a>, by Acts of Congress in 1974 and 1996, but as of 2008 has also resulted in long-term controversy.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 24, 1936, the Hopi Tribe ratified its constitution, creating a <a href="/wiki/Unicameralism" title="Unicameralism">unicameral government</a> where all powers are vested in a <a href="/wiki/Tribal_council_(United_States)" title="Tribal council (United States)">Tribal Council</a>. The powers of the executive branch (chairman and vice chairman) and judicial branch, are limited. The traditional powers and authority of the Hopi Villages were preserved in the 1936 Constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oraibi">Oraibi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Oraibi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Old <a href="/wiki/Oraibi" class="mw-redirect" title="Oraibi">Oraibi</a> is one of four original Hopi villages. It was founded before A.D. 1100 and is one of the oldest continuously inhabited villages within the territory of the United States. In the 1540s the village was recorded as having 1,500– 3,000 residents.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitely,_Peter_M._1988_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitely,_Peter_M._1988-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_European_contact,_1540–1680"><span id="Early_European_contact.2C_1540.E2.80.931680"></span>Early European contact, 1540–1680</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early European contact, 1540–1680"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first recorded European contact with the Hopi was by the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish</a> in 1540. Spanish General <a href="/wiki/Francisco_V%C3%A1squez_de_Coronado" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisco Vásquez de Coronado">Francisco Vásquez de Coronado</a> went to North America to explore the land. While at the <a href="/wiki/Zuni_people" title="Zuni people">Zuni</a> villages, he learned of the Hopi tribe. Coronado dispatched Pedro de Tovar and other members of their party to find the Hopi villages.<sup id="cite_ref-Brew,_J.O._1850_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brew,_J.O._1850-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Spanish wrote that the first Hopi village they visited was <a href="/wiki/Awatovi_Ruins" title="Awatovi Ruins">Awatovi</a>. They noted that there were about 16,000 Hopi and Zuni people.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitely,_Peter_M._1988_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitely,_Peter_M._1988-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few years later, the Spanish explorer <a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_L%C3%B3pez_de_C%C3%A1rdenas" title="García López de Cárdenas">García López de Cárdenas</a> investigated the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande">Rio Grande</a> and met the Hopi. They warmly entertained Cardenas and his men and directed him on his journey.<sup id="cite_ref-Brew,_J.O._1850_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brew,_J.O._1850-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1582–1583 the Hopi were visited by <a href="/wiki/Antonio_de_Espejo" title="Antonio de Espejo">Antonio de Espejo</a>'s expedition. He noted that there were five Hopi villages and around 12,000 Hopi people.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitely,_Peter_M._1988_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitely,_Peter_M._1988-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During that period the Spanish explored and colonized the southwestern region of the New World, but never sent many forces or settlers to the Hopi country.<sup id="cite_ref-Brew,_J.O._1850_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brew,_J.O._1850-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their visits to the Hopi were random and spread out over many years. Many times the visits were from military explorations. </p><p>The Spanish colonized near the Rio Grande and, because the Hopi did not live near rivers that gave access to the Rio Grande, the Spanish never left any troops on their land.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Spanish were accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Missionaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Missionaries">missionaries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> friars. Beginning in 1629, with the arrival of 30 friars in Hopi country, the Franciscan Period started. The Franciscans had missionaries assigned and built a church at Awatovi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pueblo_Revolt_of_1680">Pueblo Revolt of 1680</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pueblo Revolt of 1680"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Revolt" title="Pueblo Revolt">Pueblo Revolt</a></div> <p>Spanish Franciscan priests were only marginally successful in converting the Hopi and persecuted them for adhering to Hopi religious practices. The Spanish occupiers enslaved the Hopi populace, forcing them to labor and hand over goods and crops. Spanish oppression and attempts to convert the Hopi caused the Hopi over time to become increasingly intolerant towards their occupiers.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The documentary record shows evidence of Spanish abuses. In 1655, a Franciscan priest by the name of <a href="/wiki/Salvador_de_Guerra" title="Salvador de Guerra">Salvador de Guerra</a> beat to death a Hopi man named Juan Cuna. As punishment, Guerra was removed from his post on the Hopi mesas and sent to Mexico City.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1656, a young Hopi man by the name of Juan Suñi was sent to <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a> as an indentured servant because he impersonated the resident priest <a href="/wiki/Alonso_de_Posada" title="Alonso de Posada">Alonso de Posada</a> at Awatovi, an act believed to have been carried out in the spirit of Hopi clowning.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the period of Franciscan missionary presence (1629–1680), the only significant conversions took place at the pueblo of Awatovi.<sup id="cite_ref-Brew,_J.O._1850_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brew,_J.O._1850-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1670s, the Rio Grande Pueblo Indians put forward the suggestion to revolt in 1680 and garnered Hopi support.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Pueblo Revolt was the first time that diverse Pueblo groups had worked in unison to drive out the Spanish colonists. In the Burning of Awatovi, Spanish soldiers, local Catholic Church missionaries, friars, and priests were all put to death, and the churches and mission buildings were dismantled stone by stone. It took two decades for the Spanish to reassert their control over the Rio Grande Pueblos but the Catholic Inquisition never made it back to Hopiland. In 1700, the Spanish friars had begun rebuilding a smaller church at Awatovi. During the winter of 1700–1701, teams of men from the other Hopi villages sacked Awatovi at the request of the village chief, killed all the men of the village, and removed the women and children to other Hopi villages, then completely destroyed the village and burned it to the ground. Thereafter, despite intermittent attempts during the 18th century, the Spanish never re-established a presence in Hopi country.<sup id="cite_ref-Brew,_J.O._1850_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brew,_J.O._1850-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hopi-U.S._relations,_1849–1946"><span id="Hopi-U.S._relations.2C_1849.E2.80.931946"></span>Hopi-U.S. relations, 1849–1946</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Hopi-U.S. relations, 1849–1946"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clevelandart_1923.1078.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Clevelandart_1923.1078.jpg/250px-Clevelandart_1923.1078.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Clevelandart_1923.1078.jpg/330px-Clevelandart_1923.1078.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Clevelandart_1923.1078.jpg/500px-Clevelandart_1923.1078.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3400" data-file-height="3016" /></a><figcaption>Hopi polychrome ceramic water canteen, ca. 1870, Cleveland Museum of Art</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1849, <a href="/wiki/James_S._Calhoun" class="mw-redirect" title="James S. Calhoun">James S. Calhoun</a> was appointed official <a href="/wiki/Indian_agent" title="Indian agent">Indian agent</a> of <a href="/wiki/Indian_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Affairs">Indian Affairs</a> for the Southwest Territory of the U.S. He had headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a> and was responsible for all of the Indian residents of the area. The first formal meeting between the Hopi and the U.S. government occurred in 1850 when seven Hopi leaders made the trip to Santa Fe to meet with Calhoun. They wanted the government to provide protection against the <a href="/wiki/Navajo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Navajo people">Navajo</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Southern_Athabascan" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Athabascan">Southern Athabascan</a>-speaking tribe who were distinct from Apaches. At this time, the Hopi leader was Nakwaiyamtewa. </p><p>The US established <a href="/wiki/Fort_Defiance,_Arizona" title="Fort Defiance, Arizona">Fort Defiance</a> in 1851 in <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>, and placed troops in <a href="/wiki/Navajo_Country" class="mw-redirect" title="Navajo Country">Navajo country</a> to deal with their threats to the Hopi. General James J. Carleton, with the assistance of <a href="/wiki/Kit_Carson" title="Kit Carson">Kit Carson</a>, was assigned to travel through the area. They "captured" the Navajo natives and forced them to the fort. As a result of the <a href="/wiki/Long_Walk_of_the_Navajo" title="Long Walk of the Navajo">Long Walk of the Navajo</a>, the Hopi enjoyed a short period of peace.<sup id="cite_ref-Dockstader,_Frederick_J._1940_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dockstader,_Frederick_J._1940-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/1847" title="1847">1847</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mormons" title="Mormons">Mormons</a> settled in <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a> and tried to convert the Indians to <a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormonism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Hamblin" title="Jacob Hamblin">Jacob Hamblin</a>, a Mormon missionary, first made a trip into Hopi country in 1858. He was on good terms with the Hopi Indians, and in 1875 an <a href="/wiki/LDS_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="LDS Church">LDS Church</a> was built on Hopi land.<sup id="cite_ref-Dockstader,_Frederick_J._1940_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dockstader,_Frederick_J._1940-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1875, the English trader Thomas Keam escorted Hopi leaders to meet President <a href="/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur" title="Chester A. Arthur">Chester A. Arthur</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Washington D.C.">Washington D.C.</a> <i>Loololma,</i> village chief of <a href="/wiki/Oraibi" class="mw-redirect" title="Oraibi">Oraibi</a> at the time, was very impressed with Washington.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitely,_Peter_M._1988_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitely,_Peter_M._1988-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1887, a federal boarding school was established at <a href="/wiki/Keams_Canyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Keams Canyon">Keams Canyon</a> for Hopi children.<sup id="cite_ref-Dockstader,_Frederick_J._1940_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dockstader,_Frederick_J._1940-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Oraibi,_Arizona" title="Oraibi, Arizona">Oraibi</a> people did not support the school and refused to send their children 35 miles (56 km) from their villages. The Keams Canyon School was organized to teach the Hopi youth the ways of European-American civilization. It forced them to use English and give up their traditional ways.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitely,_Peter_M._1988_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitely,_Peter_M._1988-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The children were made to abandon their tribal identity and completely take on European-American culture.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Children were forced to give up their traditional names, clothing and language. Boys, who were also forced to cut their long hair, were taught European farming and carpentry skills. Girls were taught ironing, sewing, and "civilized" dining. The school also reinforced European-American religions. The <a href="/wiki/American_Baptist_Home_Mission_Society" title="American Baptist Home Mission Society">American Baptist Home Mission Society</a> made students attend services every morning and religious teachings during the week.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1890, Commissioner of <a href="/wiki/Indian_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Affairs">Indian Affairs</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_Morgan" title="Thomas Jefferson Morgan">Thomas Jefferson Morgan</a> arrived in Hopi country with other government officials to review the progress of the new school. Seeing that few students were enrolled, they returned with federal troops who threatened to arrest the Hopi parents who refused to send their children to school, with Morgan forcibly taking children to fill the school.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitely,_Peter_M._1988_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitely,_Peter_M._1988-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hopi_land">Hopi land</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Hopi land"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Agriculture is an important part of Hopi culture, and their villages are spread out across the northern part of Arizona. The Hopi and the Navajo did not have a conception of land being bounded and divided. The Hopi people had settled in permanent villages, while the nomadic Navajo people moved around the four corners. Both lived on the land that their ancestors did. On December 16, 1882, <a href="/wiki/President_Chester_A._Arthur" class="mw-redirect" title="President Chester A. Arthur">President Chester A. Arthur</a> issued an executive order creating a reservation for the Hopi. It was smaller than the <a href="/wiki/Navajo_Reservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Navajo Reservation">Navajo Reservation</a>, which was the largest in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitely,_Peter_M._1988_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitely,_Peter_M._1988-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Hopi_reservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Hopi reservation">Hopi reservation</a> was originally a rectangle 55 by 70 miles (88.5 by 110 km) in the middle of the Navajo Reservation, with their village lands taking about half of the land.<sup id="cite_ref-Johansson,_S._Ryan_1978_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johansson,_S._Ryan_1978-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reservation prevented encroachment by white settlers, but it did not protect the Hopis against the Navajos.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitely,_Peter_M._1988_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitely,_Peter_M._1988-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Hopi and the Navajo fought over land, and they had different models of sustainability, as the Navajo were sheepherders. Eventually the Hopi went before the Senate Committee of Interior and Insular Affairs to ask them to help provide a solution to the dispute. The tribes argued over approximately 1,800,000 acres (7,300 km<sup>2</sup>) of land in northern Arizona.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1887 the U.S. government passed the <a href="/wiki/Dawes_Allotment_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Dawes Allotment Act">Dawes Allotment Act</a>. The purpose was to divide up communal tribal land into individual allotments by household, to encourage a model of European-American style subsistence farming on individually owned family plots of 640 acres (2.6 km<sup>2</sup>) or less. The Department of Interior would declare remaining land "surplus" to the tribe's needs and make it available for purchase by U.S. citizens. For the Hopi, the Act would destroy their ability to farm, their main means of income<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. The <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs" title="Bureau of Indian Affairs">Bureau of Indian Affairs</a> did not set up land allotments in the Southwest.<sup id="cite_ref-hopieducationfund.org_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hopieducationfund.org-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oraibi_split">Oraibi split</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Oraibi split"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oraibi1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Oraibi1.jpg/220px-Oraibi1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Oraibi1.jpg/330px-Oraibi1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Oraibi1.jpg/440px-Oraibi1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2358" data-file-height="1231" /></a><figcaption>Abandoned house and view from Oraibi village</figcaption></figure> <p>The chief of the Oraibi, Lololoma, enthusiastically supported Hopi education, but his people were divided on this issue.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the village was conservative and refused to allow their children to attend school. These natives were referred to as "hostiles" because they opposed the American government and its attempts to force assimilation. The rest of the Oraibi were called "friendlies" because of their acceptance of white people and culture. The "hostiles" refused to let their children attend school. In 1893, the Oraibi Day School was opened in the Oraibi village. Although the school was in the village, traditional parents still refused to allow their children to attend. Frustrated with this, the US government often resorted to intimidation and force in the form of imprisonment as a means of punishment. </p><p>In November 1894, Captain Frank Robinson and a group of soldiers were dispatched to enter the village and arrested 18 of the Hopi resisters. Among those arrested were Habema (Heevi'ima) and Lomahongyoma. In the following days, they realized they had not captured all Hopi resisters and Sergeant Henry Henser was sent back to capture Potopa, a Hopi medicine man, known as "one of the most dangerous of resisters".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eager to rid Orayvi of all resisters, government officials sent 19 Hopi men who they saw as troublesome to <a href="/wiki/Alcatraz_Prison" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcatraz Prison">Alcatraz Prison</a>, where they stayed for a year.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitely,_Peter_M._1988_9-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitely,_Peter_M._1988-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The US government thought they undermined the Hopi resistance, however this only intensified ill feelings of bitterness and resistance towards the government. When the Hopi prisoners were sent home, they claimed that government officials told them that they did not have to send their children to school, but when they returned, Indian agents denied that this was promised to them.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another Oraibi leader, <i>Lomahongyoma</i>, competed with <i>Lololoma</i> for village leadership. In 1906 the village split after a conflict between hostiles and friendlies. The conservative hostiles left and formed a new village, known as <i><a href="/wiki/Hotevilla-Bacavi,_Arizona" title="Hotevilla-Bacavi, Arizona">Hotevilla</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dockstader,_Frederick_J._1940_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dockstader,_Frederick_J._1940-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Federal_recognition">Federal recognition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Federal recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the dawn of the 20th century, the U.S. government established day schools, missions, farming bureaus, and clinics on every Indian reservation. This policy required that every reservation set up its own police force and tribal courts and appointed a leader who would represent their tribe to the U.S. government. In 1910 in the Census for Indians, the Hopi Tribe had a total of 2,000 members, which was the highest in 20 years. The <a href="/wiki/Navajo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Navajo people">Navajo</a> at this time had 22,500 members and have consistently increased in population. During the early years of this century, only about three percent of Hopis lived off the reservation.<sup id="cite_ref-Johansson,_S._Ryan_1978_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johansson,_S._Ryan_1978-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1924 Congress officially declared Native Americans to be U.S. citizens with the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Citizenship_Act" title="Indian Citizenship Act">Indian Citizenship Act</a>. </p><p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Reorganization_Act" title="Indian Reorganization Act">Indian Reorganization Act</a> of 1934, the Hopi established a constitution to create their own tribal government, and in 1936 elected a Tribal Council.<sup id="cite_ref-Dockstader,_Frederick_J._1940_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dockstader,_Frederick_J._1940-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Preamble to the Hopi constitution states that they are a self-governing tribe, focused on working together for peace and agreements between villages in order to preserve the "good things of Hopi life." The constitution consists of 13 articles, addressing territory, membership, and organization of their government with <a href="/wiki/Legislative" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative">legislative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive</a> and <a href="/wiki/Judicial_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial branch">judicial branches</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hopi–Navajo_land_disputes"><span id="Hopi.E2.80.93Navajo_land_disputes"></span>Hopi–Navajo land disputes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Hopi–Navajo land disputes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hopi_reservation_partion_%26_Navajo_Reservation.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Hopi_reservation_partion_%26_Navajo_Reservation.JPG/220px-Hopi_reservation_partion_%26_Navajo_Reservation.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Hopi_reservation_partion_%26_Navajo_Reservation.JPG/330px-Hopi_reservation_partion_%26_Navajo_Reservation.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Hopi_reservation_partion_%26_Navajo_Reservation.JPG/440px-Hopi_reservation_partion_%26_Navajo_Reservation.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="1563" /></a><figcaption>Map of the <a href="/wiki/Hopi_reservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Hopi reservation">Hopi reservation</a> surrounded by the Navajo Nation, showing 1882 boundaries, 1936 District 6, and the 1962 Joint Use Area.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Navajo_and_Hopi_Indian_Relocation" title="Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation">Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation</a></div> <p>From the 1940s to the 1970s, the Navajo moved their settlements closer to Hopi land, causing the Hopi to raise the issue with the U.S. government. This resulted in the establishment of "District 6" which placed a boundary around the Hopi villages on the first, second, and third mesas, thinning the reservation to 501,501 acres (2,029.50 km<sup>2</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-Dockstader,_Frederick_J._1940_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dockstader,_Frederick_J._1940-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1962 the courts issued the "Opinion, Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law and Judgment," which stated that the U.S. government did not grant the Navajo any type of permission to reside on the <a href="/wiki/Hopi_Reservation" title="Hopi Reservation">Hopi Reservation</a> that was declared in 1882; and that the remaining Hopi land was to be shared with the Navajo, as the <i>Navajo–Hopi Joint Use Area</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-nau.edu_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nau.edu-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1961 to 1964, the Hopi tribal council signed leases with the U.S. government that allowed companies to explore and drill for oil, gas, and minerals in Hopi country. This drilling brought over three million dollars to the Hopi Tribe.<sup id="cite_ref-Clemmer,_Richard_O._1974_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clemmer,_Richard_O._1974-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1974, The Navajo-Hopi Land Settlement Act was passed,(Public Law 93–531; 25 U.S.C. 640d et seq.), followed by the Navajo-Hopi Land Dispute Settlement Act of 1996, settling some issues not resolved in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1974 Act created the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Navajo_and_Hopi_Indian_Relocation" title="Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation">Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation</a>, which forced the relocation of any Hopi or Navajo living on the other's land. In 1992, the Hopi Reservation was increased to 1,500,000 acres (6,100 km<sup>2</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-nau.edu_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nau.edu-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Currently, the Hopi Reservation is traversed by <a href="/wiki/Arizona_State_Route_264" title="Arizona State Route 264">Arizona State Route 264</a>, a paved road that links the numerous Hopi villages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tribal_government">Tribal government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Tribal government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CGI_Hopi_Flag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/CGI_Hopi_Flag.png/250px-CGI_Hopi_Flag.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/CGI_Hopi_Flag.png/330px-CGI_Hopi_Flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/CGI_Hopi_Flag.png/500px-CGI_Hopi_Flag.png 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption>Flag of the Hopi Tribe of Arizona</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tom_O%27Halleran_with_Hopi_leadership.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Tom_O%27Halleran_with_Hopi_leadership.jpg/250px-Tom_O%27Halleran_with_Hopi_leadership.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Tom_O%27Halleran_with_Hopi_leadership.jpg/375px-Tom_O%27Halleran_with_Hopi_leadership.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Tom_O%27Halleran_with_Hopi_leadership.jpg/500px-Tom_O%27Halleran_with_Hopi_leadership.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3917" data-file-height="2356" /></a><figcaption>Congressman <a href="/wiki/Tom_O%27Halleran" title="Tom O'Halleran">Tom O'Halleran</a> meeting with Hopi leadership in 2020</figcaption></figure> <p>On October 24, 1936, the Hopi Tribe of Arizona ratified a constitution. That constitution created a <a href="/wiki/Unicameralism" title="Unicameralism">unicameral government</a> where all powers are vested in a Tribal Council. While there is an executive branch (tribal chairman and vice chairman) and judicial branch, their powers are limited under the Hopi Constitution. The traditional powers and authority of the Hopi villages was preserved in the 1936 constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Hopi tribe is federally recognized and headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Kykotsmovi,_Arizona" class="mw-redirect" title="Kykotsmovi, Arizona">Kykotsmovi, Arizona</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tribal_officers">Tribal officers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Tribal officers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The current tribal officers are:<sup id="cite_ref-hopi-nsn.gov_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hopi-nsn.gov-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Chairman: <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Nuvangyaoma" title="Timothy Nuvangyaoma">Timothy Nuvangyaoma</a></li> <li>Vice Chairman: Clark W. Tenakhongva</li> <li>Tribal Secretary: Theresa Lomakema</li> <li>Treasurer: Wilfred Gaseoma</li> <li>Sergeant-at-Arms: Alfonso Sakeva</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tribal_council">Tribal council</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Tribal council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Representatives to the council are selected either by a community election or by an appointment from the village kikmongwi, or leader. Each representative serves a two-year term. Representation on the Tribal Council as of December 2017 is as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-hopi-nsn.gov_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hopi-nsn.gov-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Village of Upper Moenkopi:</b> Hubert Lewis Sr., Michael Elmer, Robert Charley, Philton Talahytewa Sr. </p><p><b>Village of Bacavi:</b> Dwayne Secakuku, Clifford Quotsaquahu </p><p><b>Village of Kykotsmovi:</b> David Talayumptewa, Phillip Quochytewa Sr., Danny Honanie, Herman G. Honanie </p><p><b>Village of Sipaulavi</b>: Rosa Honanie, </p><p><b>Village of Mishongnovi</b>: Emma Anderson, Craig Andrews, Pansy K. Edmo, Rolanda Yoyletsdewa </p><p><b>First Mesa Consolidated Villages:</b> Albert T. Sinquah, Ivan Sidney Sr., Wallace Youvella Jr., Dale Sinquah </p><p>Currently, the villages of Shungopavi, Oraibi, Hotevilla, and Lower Moenkopi do not have a representative on council.<sup id="cite_ref-hopi-nsn.gov_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hopi-nsn.gov-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hopi Villages select council representatives, and may decline to send any representative. The declination has been approved by the Hopi Courts.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tribal_courts">Tribal courts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Tribal courts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Hopi Tribal Government operates a Trial Court and Appellate Court in Keams Canyon. These courts operate under a Tribal Code, amended August 28, 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economic_development">Economic development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Economic development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hopi,_Watching_the_Dancers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Hopi%2C_Watching_the_Dancers.jpg/181px-Hopi%2C_Watching_the_Dancers.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Hopi%2C_Watching_the_Dancers.jpg/272px-Hopi%2C_Watching_the_Dancers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Hopi%2C_Watching_the_Dancers.jpg/363px-Hopi%2C_Watching_the_Dancers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4811" data-file-height="6254" /></a><figcaption>Hopi girls watching Pueblo dancers below, 1906</figcaption></figure> <p>The Hopi tribe earns most of its income from natural resources. The tribe's 2010 operating budget was $21.8 million, and projected mining revenues for 2010 were $12.8 million.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the 1,800,000-acre (7,300 km<sup>2</sup>) Navajo Reservation, a significant amount of <a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">coal</a> is mined yearly from which the Hopi Tribe shares mineral royalty income.<sup id="cite_ref-hopieducationfund.org_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hopieducationfund.org-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Peabody_Western_Coal_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Peabody Western Coal Company">Peabody Western Coal Company</a> is one of the largest coal operations on Hopi land, with long-time permits for continued mining.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, the closure of a large coal mine in 2019 has compounded existing unemployment. Combined with the <a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic</a> and the lack of official help for those who have lost access to the coal they need to burn to heat their homes, Hopi have turned to nonprofits for help.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> The Hopi Tribe Economic Development Corporation (HTEDC) is the tribal enterprise charged with creating diverse, viable economic opportunities.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The HEDC oversees the Hopi Cultural Center and Walpi Housing Management. Other HTEDC businesses include the Hopi Three Canyon Ranches, between Flagstaff and Winslow and the 26 Bar Ranch in <a href="/wiki/Eagar,_Arizona" title="Eagar, Arizona">Eagar</a>; Hopi Travel Plaza in <a href="/wiki/Holbrook,_Arizona" title="Holbrook, Arizona">Holbrook</a>; three commercial properties in Flagstaff; and the Days Inn Kokopelli in <a href="/wiki/Sedona,_Arizona" title="Sedona, Arizona">Sedona</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Noqkwivi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Noqkwivi and blue corn tortillas, a traditional Hopi dish." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Noqkwivi.jpg/250px-Noqkwivi.jpg" decoding="async" width="233" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Noqkwivi.jpg/500px-Noqkwivi.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Noqkwivi and <a href="/wiki/Blue_corn" title="Blue corn">blue corn</a> frybread</figcaption></figure><p> Tourism is a source of income. The Moenkopi Developers Corporation, a non-profit entity owned by the Upper village of Moenkopi, opened the 100-room <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140419040710/http://www.experiencehopi.com/hotel.html">Moenkopi Legacy Inn and Suites</a> in <a href="/wiki/Moenkopi,_Arizona" title="Moenkopi, Arizona">Moenkopi</a>, Arizona, near <a href="/wiki/Tuba_City,_Arizona" title="Tuba City, Arizona">Tuba City</a>, Arizona.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the second hotel on the reservation. It provides non-Hopi a venue for entertainment, lectures, and educational demonstrations, as well as tours and lodging. The project is expected to support 400 jobs.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The village also operates the Tuvvi Travel Center in Moenkopi.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Tribally owned and operated <a href="/wiki/Hopi_Cultural_Center" title="Hopi Cultural Center">Hopi Cultural Center</a> on Second Mesa includes gift shops, museums, a hotel, and a restaurant that serves Hopi dishes.<sup id="cite_ref-Hopi_Cultural_Center_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hopi_Cultural_Center-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Hopi people have repeatedly voted against <a href="/wiki/Native_American_gaming" title="Native American gaming">gambling</a> casinos as an economic opportunity.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 30, 2017, in his last day as Chairman of the Hopi Tribe, Herman G. Honanie and Governor Doug Ducey signed the Hopi Tribe-State of Arizona Tribal Gaming Compact, a year after the Tribe approved entering into a compact with the State of Arizona. The historic agreement, which gives the Hopi Tribe the opportunity to operate or lease up to 900 Class III gaming machines, makes Hopi the 22nd and last Arizona tribe to sign a gaming compact with the State.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kachina_dolls.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kachina_dolls.jpg/250px-Kachina_dolls.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kachina_dolls.jpg/375px-Kachina_dolls.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kachina_dolls.jpg/500px-Kachina_dolls.jpg 2x" data-file-width="839" data-file-height="975" /></a><figcaption>Illustration of <a href="/wiki/Hopi_katsina_figures" class="mw-redirect" title="Hopi katsina figures">Hopi katsina figures</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tile,_late_19th-early_20th_century,_X1047.7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Tile%2C_late_19th-early_20th_century%2C_X1047.7.jpg/220px-Tile%2C_late_19th-early_20th_century%2C_X1047.7.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Tile%2C_late_19th-early_20th_century%2C_X1047.7.jpg/330px-Tile%2C_late_19th-early_20th_century%2C_X1047.7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Tile%2C_late_19th-early_20th_century%2C_X1047.7.jpg/440px-Tile%2C_late_19th-early_20th_century%2C_X1047.7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1107" data-file-height="1148" /></a><figcaption>Tile, Hopi, late 19th-early 20th century, <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Hopi_mythology" title="Hopi mythology">Hopi mythology</a></div> <p>The <i>Hopi Dictionary</i> gives the primary meaning of the word "Hopi" as: "behaving one, one who is mannered, civilized, peaceable, polite, who adheres to the Hopi Way".<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some sources contrast this to other warring tribes that subsist on plunder,<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> considering their <a href="/wiki/Exonym_and_endonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Exonym and endonym">autonym</a>, <i>Hopisinom</i> to mean "The Peaceful People" or "Peaceful Little Ones".<sup id="cite_ref-auto_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Malotki maintains that "neither the notion 'peaceful' nor the idea 'little' are semantic ingredients of the term".<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Barry Pritzker, "...many Hopi feel an intimate and immediate connection with their past. Indeed, for many Hopi, time does not proceed in a straight line, as most people understand it. Rather, the past may be past and present more or less simultaneously.". In the present Fourth World, the Hopi worship Masauwu, who admonished them to "always remember their gods and to live in the correct way". The village leader, <i>kikmongwi</i>, "promoted civic virtue and proper behavior".<sup id="cite_ref-bp_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bp-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Traditionally, Hopi are organized into <a href="/wiki/Matrilineal" class="mw-redirect" title="Matrilineal">matrilineal</a> clans. When a man marries, the children from the relationship are members of his wife's clan. These clan organizations extend across all villages. Children are named by the women of the father's clan. On the 20th day of a baby's life, the women of the paternal clan gather, each woman bringing a name and a gift for the child. In some cases where many relatives would attend, a child could be given over 40 names, for example. The child's parents generally decide the name to be used from these names. Current practice is to either use a non-Hopi or English name or the parent's chosen Hopi name. A person may also change the name upon initiation into one of the religious societies, such as the <a href="/wiki/Kachina" title="Kachina">kachina</a> society, or with a major life event.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Hopi practice a complete cycle of traditional ceremonies although not all villages retain or had the complete ceremonial cycle. These ceremonies take place according to the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">lunar calendar</a> and are observed in each of the Hopi villages. Like other Native American groups, the Hopi have been influenced by Christianity and the missionary work of several Christian denominations. Few have converted enough to Christianity to drop their traditional religious practices.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Annual_report_of_the_Bureau_of_American_Ethnology_to_the_Secretary_of_the_Smithsonian_Institution_(1895)_(18739323374).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Annual_report_of_the_Bureau_of_American_Ethnology_to_the_Secretary_of_the_Smithsonian_Institution_%281895%29_%2818739323374%29.jpg/250px-Annual_report_of_the_Bureau_of_American_Ethnology_to_the_Secretary_of_the_Smithsonian_Institution_%281895%29_%2818739323374%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Annual_report_of_the_Bureau_of_American_Ethnology_to_the_Secretary_of_the_Smithsonian_Institution_%281895%29_%2818739323374%29.jpg/330px-Annual_report_of_the_Bureau_of_American_Ethnology_to_the_Secretary_of_the_Smithsonian_Institution_%281895%29_%2818739323374%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Annual_report_of_the_Bureau_of_American_Ethnology_to_the_Secretary_of_the_Smithsonian_Institution_%281895%29_%2818739323374%29.jpg/500px-Annual_report_of_the_Bureau_of_American_Ethnology_to_the_Secretary_of_the_Smithsonian_Institution_%281895%29_%2818739323374%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2841" data-file-height="1990" /></a><figcaption>Hopi "Snake Dance"</figcaption></figure> <p>The most widely publicized of Hopi katsina rites is the "Snake Dance", an annual event during which the performers danced while handling live snakes.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Traditionally the Hopi are micro or subsistence farmers. The Hopi also are part of the wider cash economy; a significant number of Hopi have mainstream jobs; others earn a living by creating Hopi art, notably the carving of katsina dolls, the crafting of earthenware ceramics, and the design and production of fine jewelry, especially sterling silver. </p><p>The Hopi collect and dry a native perennial plant called <i><a href="/wiki/Thelesperma_megapotamicum" title="Thelesperma megapotamicum">Thelesperma megapotamicum</a></i>, known by the common name Hopi tea, and use it to make an <a href="/wiki/Herbal_tea" title="Herbal tea">herbal tea</a>, as a medicinal remedy and a yellow dye.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Albinism">Albinism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Albinism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Hopi have a high rate of <a href="/wiki/Albinism" title="Albinism">albinism</a>. Primarily in Second Mesa and west villages towards Hotevilla—about 1 in 200 individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Hopi_people">Notable Hopi people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notable Hopi people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Banyacya" title="Thomas Banyacya">Thomas Banyacya</a> (ca. 1909–1999), interpreter and spokesman for traditional Hopi leaders</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_David_Sr." title="Neil David Sr.">Neil David Sr.</a> (born 1944), painter, illustrator, and katsina figure carver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Evehema" title="Dan Evehema">Dan Evehema</a> (born circa 1893–1999), traditional Hopi leader and author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Fredericks" title="Jean Fredericks">Jean Fredericks</a> (1906–1990), Hopi photographer and former Tribal Council chairman<sup id="cite_ref-hopi_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hopi-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iva_Honyestewa" class="mw-redirect" title="Iva Honyestewa">Iva Honyestewa</a>, basket maker, food activist, educator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Humetewa" title="Diane Humetewa">Diane Humetewa</a> (born 1964), Appointed by President Obama to be a U.S. District Court Judge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Kabotie" title="Fred Kabotie">Fred Kabotie</a> (circa 1900–1986), painter and silversmith</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kabotie" title="Michael Kabotie">Michael Kabotie</a> (1942–2009), painter, sculptor, and silversmith</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Koopee_Jr." title="Jacob Koopee Jr.">Jacob Koopee Jr.</a> (Hopi-Tewa, 1970 – 2011), American Hopi/Tewa potter and artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Loloma" title="Charles Loloma">Charles Loloma</a> (1912–1991), jeweler, ceramic artist, and educator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Lomahaftewa" title="Linda Lomahaftewa">Linda Lomahaftewa</a>, (Hopi/Choctaw, born 1947) printmaker, painter, and educator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Monongye" title="David Monongye">David Monongye</a> (birth date unknown), Hopi traditional leader; Son of Yukiuma, keeper of the Fire Clan Tablets</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Naha" title="Helen Naha">Helen Naha</a> (1922–1993) potter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyra_Naha" title="Tyra Naha">Tyra Naha</a>, potter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Namingha" title="Dan Namingha">Dan Namingha</a> (Hopi-Tewa, born 1950), painter and sculptor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elva_Nampeyo" title="Elva Nampeyo">Elva Nampeyo</a> (Hopi-Tewa), potter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Nampeyo" title="Fannie Nampeyo">Fannie Nampeyo</a> (Hopi-Tewa), potter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_Nampeyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Iris Nampeyo">Iris Nampeyo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nampeyo" title="Nampeyo">Nampeyo</a>, (Hopi-Tewa), circa 1860–1942), potter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lori_Piestewa" title="Lori Piestewa">Lori Piestewa</a> (1979–2003), US Army Quartermaster Corps soldier killed in Iraq War</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dextra_Quotskuyva" title="Dextra Quotskuyva">Dextra Quotskuyva</a> (1928–2019), potter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emory_Sekaquaptewa" title="Emory Sekaquaptewa">Emory Sekaquaptewa</a> (1928–2007), Hopi leader, linguist, lexicon maker, commissioned officer of US Army (West Point graduate), jeweler, silversmith</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillip_Sekaquaptewa" title="Phillip Sekaquaptewa">Phillip Sekaquaptewa</a> (born 1956), jeweler, silversmith (nephew of Emory)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwen_Setalla" title="Gwen Setalla">Gwen Setalla</a> (born 1964), ceramic artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_C._Talayesva" title="Don C. Talayesva">Don C. Talayesva</a> (ca. 1891–1985), autobiographer and traditionalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Tewanima" title="Lewis Tewanima">Lewis Tewanima</a> (1888–1969), Olympic distance runner and silver medalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuvi">Tuvi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chief_Tuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Tuba">Chief Tuba</a>) (circa 1810–1887), first Hopi convert to Mormonism after whom Tuba City, Arizona, was named</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1275594942">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center .gallery{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left .gallery{justify-content:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right .gallery{justify-content:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery.gallery.gallery{line-height:1.35em;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;column-gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{outline:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hopi_women%27s_dance,_Oraibi,_Arizona,_1879_-_NARA_-_542441.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hopi Women's Dance, 1879, Oraibi, Arizona, photo by John K. HillersStreet"><img alt="Hopi Women's Dance, 1879, Oraibi, Arizona, photo by John K. HillersStreet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Hopi_women%27s_dance%2C_Oraibi%2C_Arizona%2C_1879_-_NARA_-_542441.jpg/160px-Hopi_women%27s_dance%2C_Oraibi%2C_Arizona%2C_1879_-_NARA_-_542441.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Hopi_women%27s_dance%2C_Oraibi%2C_Arizona%2C_1879_-_NARA_-_542441.jpg/240px-Hopi_women%27s_dance%2C_Oraibi%2C_Arizona%2C_1879_-_NARA_-_542441.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Hopi_women%27s_dance%2C_Oraibi%2C_Arizona%2C_1879_-_NARA_-_542441.jpg/320px-Hopi_women%27s_dance%2C_Oraibi%2C_Arizona%2C_1879_-_NARA_-_542441.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2299" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Hopi Women's Dance,</i> 1879, <a href="/wiki/Oraibi,_Arizona" title="Oraibi, Arizona">Oraibi, Arizona</a>, photo by <a href="/wiki/John_K._Hillers" class="mw-redirect" title="John K. Hillers">John K. Hillers</a>Street</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HopiPueblo.1879.ws.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dancer's Rock, 1879, Walpi, Arizona, photo by John K. Hillers"><img alt="Dancer's Rock, 1879, Walpi, Arizona, photo by John K. Hillers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/HopiPueblo.1879.ws.jpg/160px-HopiPueblo.1879.ws.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/HopiPueblo.1879.ws.jpg/240px-HopiPueblo.1879.ws.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/HopiPueblo.1879.ws.jpg/320px-HopiPueblo.1879.ws.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="461" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Dancer's Rock,</i> 1879, <a href="/wiki/Walpi" class="mw-redirect" title="Walpi">Walpi</a>, Arizona, photo by <a href="/wiki/John_K._Hillers" class="mw-redirect" title="John K. Hillers">John K. Hillers</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hopi_basketweaver.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hopi Basket Weaver"><img alt="Hopi Basket Weaver" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Hopi_basketweaver.jpg/250px-Hopi_basketweaver.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Hopi_basketweaver.jpg/330px-Hopi_basketweaver.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="676" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hopi Basket Weaver</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AHopiBasketWeaver2.1910.ws.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hopi Basket Weaver c. 1900, photo by Henry Peabody"><img alt="Hopi Basket Weaver c. 1900, photo by Henry Peabody" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/AHopiBasketWeaver2.1910.ws.jpg/250px-AHopiBasketWeaver2.1910.ws.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/AHopiBasketWeaver2.1910.ws.jpg/330px-AHopiBasketWeaver2.1910.ws.jpg 2x" data-file-width="388" data-file-height="368" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hopi Basket Weaver c. 1900, photo by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Peabody&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Peabody (page does not exist)">Henry Peabody</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nampeyo,_Hopi_pottery_maker,_seated,_with_examples_of_her_work,_1900_-_NARA_-_520084.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Iris Nampeyo, world-famous Hopi ceramist, with her work, c. 1900, photo by Henry Peabody"><img alt="Iris Nampeyo, world-famous Hopi ceramist, with her work, c. 1900, photo by Henry Peabody" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Nampeyo%2C_Hopi_pottery_maker%2C_seated%2C_with_examples_of_her_work%2C_1900_-_NARA_-_520084.jpg/250px-Nampeyo%2C_Hopi_pottery_maker%2C_seated%2C_with_examples_of_her_work%2C_1900_-_NARA_-_520084.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Nampeyo%2C_Hopi_pottery_maker%2C_seated%2C_with_examples_of_her_work%2C_1900_-_NARA_-_520084.jpg/330px-Nampeyo%2C_Hopi_pottery_maker%2C_seated%2C_with_examples_of_her_work%2C_1900_-_NARA_-_520084.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2764" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Iris_Nampeyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Iris Nampeyo">Iris Nampeyo</a>, world-famous Hopi <a href="/wiki/Ceramic_art" title="Ceramic art">ceramist</a>, with her work, c. 1900, photo by Henry Peabody</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hopi_walpi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hopi girl at Walpi, c. 1900, with squash blossom hairstyle indicative of her eligibility for courtship, the squash flower being a symbol of fertility.[52]"><img alt="Hopi girl at Walpi, c. 1900, with squash blossom hairstyle indicative of her eligibility for courtship, the squash flower being a symbol of fertility." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Hopi_walpi.jpg/136px-Hopi_walpi.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Hopi_walpi.jpg/204px-Hopi_walpi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Hopi_walpi.jpg/271px-Hopi_walpi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="511" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hopi girl at Walpi, c. 1900, with squash blossom hairstyle indicative of her eligibility for courtship, the <a href="/wiki/Cucurbita#Art,_music,_and_literature" title="Cucurbita">squash flower</a> being a symbol of fertility.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hopi_Indian_man_weaving_a_blanket,_ca.1900_(CHS-3931).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hopi Indian man weaving a blanket by C. C. Pierce [de], ca.1900"><img alt="Hopi Indian man weaving a blanket by C. C. Pierce [de], ca.1900" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Hopi_Indian_man_weaving_a_blanket%2C_ca.1900_%28CHS-3931%29.jpg/160px-Hopi_Indian_man_weaving_a_blanket%2C_ca.1900_%28CHS-3931%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Hopi_Indian_man_weaving_a_blanket%2C_ca.1900_%28CHS-3931%29.jpg/240px-Hopi_Indian_man_weaving_a_blanket%2C_ca.1900_%28CHS-3931%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Hopi_Indian_man_weaving_a_blanket%2C_ca.1900_%28CHS-3931%29.jpg/320px-Hopi_Indian_man_weaving_a_blanket%2C_ca.1900_%28CHS-3931%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5095" data-file-height="3871" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hopi Indian man weaving a blanket by <a href="/w/index.php?title=C._C._Pierce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C. C. Pierce (page does not exist)">C. C. Pierce</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_C._Pierce" class="extiw" title="de:Charles C. Pierce">de</a>]</span>, ca.1900</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hopi_woman_dressing_hair_of_unmarried_girl.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hopi woman dressing hair of unmarried girl, c. 1900, photo by Henry Peabody"><img alt="Hopi woman dressing hair of unmarried girl, c. 1900, photo by Henry Peabody" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Hopi_woman_dressing_hair_of_unmarried_girl.jpg/160px-Hopi_woman_dressing_hair_of_unmarried_girl.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Hopi_woman_dressing_hair_of_unmarried_girl.jpg/240px-Hopi_woman_dressing_hair_of_unmarried_girl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Hopi_woman_dressing_hair_of_unmarried_girl.jpg/320px-Hopi_woman_dressing_hair_of_unmarried_girl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2783" data-file-height="2451" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hopi woman dressing hair of unmarried girl, c. 1900, photo by Henry Peabody</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hopi_girl,_head-and-shoulders_portrait,_facing_front.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hopi girl, photo by Edward S. Curtis (circa 1905)"><img alt="Hopi girl, photo by Edward S. Curtis (circa 1905)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Hopi_girl%2C_head-and-shoulders_portrait%2C_facing_front.jpg/250px-Hopi_girl%2C_head-and-shoulders_portrait%2C_facing_front.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="170" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4104" data-file-height="5624" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hopi girl, photo by <a href="/wiki/Edward_S._Curtis" title="Edward S. Curtis">Edward S. Curtis</a> (circa 1905)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cliff_perched_homes,_Hopi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Traditional Hopi homes, c. 1906, photo by Edward S. Curtis"><img alt="Traditional Hopi homes, c. 1906, photo by Edward S. Curtis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cliff_perched_homes%2C_Hopi.jpg/129px-Cliff_perched_homes%2C_Hopi.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cliff_perched_homes%2C_Hopi.jpg/193px-Cliff_perched_homes%2C_Hopi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cliff_perched_homes%2C_Hopi.jpg/258px-Cliff_perched_homes%2C_Hopi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2573" data-file-height="3390" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Traditional Hopi homes, c. 1906, photo by Edward S. Curtis</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hopi_mealing_trough.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Four young Hopi women grinding grain, c. 1906, photo by Edward S. Curtis"><img alt="Four young Hopi women grinding grain, c. 1906, photo by Edward S. Curtis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Hopi_mealing_trough.jpg/250px-Hopi_mealing_trough.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Hopi_mealing_trough.jpg/330px-Hopi_mealing_trough.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4929" data-file-height="3691" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Four young Hopi women grinding grain, c. 1906, photo by Edward S. Curtis</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edward_S._Curtis_Collection_People_043.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hopi girl, 1922, photo by Edward S. Curtis"><img alt="Hopi girl, 1922, photo by Edward S. Curtis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Edward_S._Curtis_Collection_People_043.jpg/121px-Edward_S._Curtis_Collection_People_043.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Edward_S._Curtis_Collection_People_043.jpg/182px-Edward_S._Curtis_Collection_People_043.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Edward_S._Curtis_Collection_People_043.jpg/243px-Edward_S._Curtis_Collection_People_043.jpg 2x" data-file-width="731" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hopi girl, 1922, photo by Edward S. Curtis</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edward_S._Curtis_Collection_People_049.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hopi woman, 1922, photo by Edward S. Curtis"><img alt="Hopi woman, 1922, photo by Edward S. Curtis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Edward_S._Curtis_Collection_People_049.jpg/250px-Edward_S._Curtis_Collection_People_049.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="170" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="734" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hopi woman, 1922, photo by Edward S. Curtis</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edward_S._Curtis_Collection_People_050.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hopi girls, 1922, photo by Edward S. Curtis"><img alt="Hopi girls, 1922, photo by Edward S. Curtis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Edward_S._Curtis_Collection_People_050.jpg/250px-Edward_S._Curtis_Collection_People_050.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Edward_S._Curtis_Collection_People_050.jpg/330px-Edward_S._Curtis_Collection_People_050.jpg 2x" data-file-width="916" data-file-height="680" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hopi girls, 1922, photo by Edward S. Curtis</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Walpi_arizona.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Traditional Hopi village of Walpi, 1941, photo by Ansel Adams"><img alt="Traditional Hopi village of Walpi, 1941, photo by Ansel Adams" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Walpi_arizona.jpg/250px-Walpi_arizona.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Walpi_arizona.jpg/330px-Walpi_arizona.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1681" data-file-height="1337" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Traditional Hopi village of <a href="/wiki/Walpi" class="mw-redirect" title="Walpi">Walpi</a>, 1941, photo by <a href="/wiki/Ansel_Adams" title="Ansel Adams">Ansel Adams</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ARIZONA-HOPI_INDIAN_RESERVATION_-_NARA_-_544432.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Children with chopper bicycle, Hopi Reservation, 1970"><img alt="Children with chopper bicycle, Hopi Reservation, 1970" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/ARIZONA-HOPI_INDIAN_RESERVATION_-_NARA_-_544432.jpg/250px-ARIZONA-HOPI_INDIAN_RESERVATION_-_NARA_-_544432.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/ARIZONA-HOPI_INDIAN_RESERVATION_-_NARA_-_544432.jpg/330px-ARIZONA-HOPI_INDIAN_RESERVATION_-_NARA_-_544432.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2023" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Children with <a href="/wiki/Chopper_bicycle" title="Chopper bicycle">chopper bicycle</a>, Hopi Reservation, 1970</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Archaeology_Discovery_Days_at_V_Bar_V.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hopi dancers in 2017"><img alt="Hopi dancers in 2017" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Archaeology_Discovery_Days_at_V_Bar_V.jpg/160px-Archaeology_Discovery_Days_at_V_Bar_V.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Archaeology_Discovery_Days_at_V_Bar_V.jpg/240px-Archaeology_Discovery_Days_at_V_Bar_V.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Archaeology_Discovery_Days_at_V_Bar_V.jpg/320px-Archaeology_Discovery_Days_at_V_Bar_V.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hopi dancers in 2017</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Mesa_Peabody_Coal_controversy" title="Black Mesa Peabody Coal controversy">Black Mesa Peabody Coal controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopi_katsina_figures" class="mw-redirect" title="Hopi katsina figures">Hopi katsina figures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopi_language" title="Hopi language">Hopi language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopi_mythology" title="Hopi mythology">Hopi mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopi_Reservation" title="Hopi Reservation">Hopi Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katsina_(city)" title="Katsina (city)">Katsina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiva" title="Kiva">Kiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kikmongwi" title="Kikmongwi">Kikmongwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oraibi" class="mw-redirect" title="Oraibi">Oraibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_peoples" title="Pueblo peoples">Pueblo peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siky%C3%A1tki" title="Sikyátki">Sikyátki</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-census-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_AIAN_AIANDP1&prodType=table">"American FactFinder – Results"</a>. <i>factfinder.census.gov</i>. United States Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=factfinder.census.gov&rft.atitle=American+FactFinder+%E2%80%93+Results&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Ffaces%2Ftableservices%2Fjsf%2Fpages%2Fproductview.xhtml%3Fpid%3DDEC_10_AIAN_AIANDP1%26prodType%3Dtable&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2021">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fr23-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fr23_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fr23_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNewland2023" class="citation journal cs1">Newland, Bryan (January 2, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/01/12/2023-00504/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of">"Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs"</a>. <i>Federal Register</i> (88 FR 2112): <span class="nowrap">2112–</span>16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+Register&rft.atitle=Indian+Entities+Recognized+by+and+Eligible+To+Receive+Services+From+the+United+States+Bureau+of+Indian+Affairs&rft.issue=88+FR+2112&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2112-%3C%2Fspan%3E16&rft.date=2023-01-02&rft.aulast=Newland&rft.aufirst=Bryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.federalregister.gov%2Fdocuments%2F2023%2F01%2F12%2F2023-00504%2Findian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThe_Hopi_Dictionary_Project,_Bureau_of_Applied_Research_in_Anthropology1998" class="citation cs2">The Hopi Dictionary Project, Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology (1998), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hopidictionaryho0000unse/page/99"><i>Hopi Dictionary / </i>Hopìikwa Lavàytutuveni<i>: A Hopi-English Dictionary of the Third Mesa Dialect</i></a>, Tucson: University of Arizona Press, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hopidictionaryho0000unse/page/99">99–100</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8165-1789-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8165-1789-4"><bdi>0-8165-1789-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hopi+Dictionary+%2F+Hop%C3%ACikwa+Lav%C3%A0ytutuveni%3A+A+Hopi-English+Dictionary+of+the+Third+Mesa+Dialect&rft.place=Tucson&rft.pages=99-100&rft.pub=University+of+Arizona+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-8165-1789-4&rft.au=The+Hopi+Dictionary+Project%2C+Bureau+of+Applied+Research+in+Anthropology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhopidictionaryho0000unse%2Fpage%2F99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Connelly, John C., "Hopi Social Organization." In Alfonso Ortiz, vol. ed., <i>Southwest</i>, vol. 9, in William C. Sturtevant, ed., <i>Handbook of North American Indians</i>, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1979: 539–53, p. 551</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nmhealthcouncils.org/land-acknowledgment-toolkit/hopi-tewa">"Hopi-Tewa | Land Acknowledgment Toolkit"</a>. <i>NMAHC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NMAHC&rft.atitle=Hopi-Tewa+%7C+Land+Acknowledgment+Toolkit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nmhealthcouncils.org%2Fland-acknowledgment-toolkit%2Fhopi-tewa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAdams1983" class="citation journal cs1">Adams, E. Charles (January 1983). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/279817">"The Architectural Analogue to Hopi Social Organization and Room Use, and Implications for Prehistoric Northern Southwestern Culture"</a></span>. <i>American Antiquity</i>. <b>48</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">44–</span>61. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F279817">10.2307/279817</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-7316">0002-7316</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/279817">279817</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161329464">161329464</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Antiquity&rft.atitle=The+Architectural+Analogue+to+Hopi+Social+Organization+and+Room+Use%2C+and+Implications+for+Prehistoric+Northern+Southwestern+Culture&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E44-%3C%2Fspan%3E61&rft.date=1983-01&rft.issn=0002-7316&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161329464%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F279817%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F279817&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=E.+Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.2307%2F279817&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eb-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eb_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/22804/Ancestral-Pueblo-culture">"Ancestral Pueblo culture."</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica.</i> Retrieved 4 June 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFewkes1900" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Walter_Fewkes" title="Jesse Walter Fewkes">Fewkes, Jesse Walter</a> (1900), <i>Tusayan Migration Traditions</i>, 19th Annual report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, pp. <span class="nowrap">580–</span>1</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tusayan+Migration+Traditions&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=19th+Annual+report+of+the+Bureau+of+American+Ethnology+to+the+Secretary+of+the+Smithsonian+Institution&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E580-%3C%2Fspan%3E1&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1900&rft.aulast=Fewkes&rft.aufirst=Jesse+Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whitely,_Peter_M._1988-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Whitely,_Peter_M._1988_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitely,_Peter_M._1988_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitely,_Peter_M._1988_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitely,_Peter_M._1988_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitely,_Peter_M._1988_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitely,_Peter_M._1988_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitely,_Peter_M._1988_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitely,_Peter_M._1988_9-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitely,_Peter_M._1988_9-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitely,_Peter_M._1988_9-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Whiteley, Peter M. <i>Deliberate Acts</i>, Tucson, AZ: The University of Arizona Press, 1988: 14–86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-109shrg22642/html/CHRG-109shrg22642.htm">"Navajo-Hopi Land Settlement"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Navajo-Hopi+Land+Settlement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govinfo.gov%2Fcontent%2Fpkg%2FCHRG-109shrg22642%2Fhtml%2FCHRG-109shrg22642.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kstrom.net/isk/maps/az/navhopi.html">"NAVAJO – HOPI Land Dispute, history, maps, links"</a>. <i>kstrom.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kstrom.net&rft.atitle=NAVAJO+%E2%80%93+HOPI+Land+Dispute%2C+history%2C+maps%2C+links&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kstrom.net%2Fisk%2Fmaps%2Faz%2Fnavhopi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080530212923/http://www.nau.edu/~hcpo-p/current/Chronology.html">"The Navajo-Hopi Land Issue: A Chronology"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nau.edu/~hcpo-p/current/Chronology.html">the original</a> on 2008-05-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Navajo-Hopi+Land+Issue%3A+A+Chronology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nau.edu%2F~hcpo-p%2Fcurrent%2FChronology.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto3-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto3_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto3_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Justin B. Richland, Arguing With Tradition, (University of Chicago Press, 2004) 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brew,_J.O._1850-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brew,_J.O._1850_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brew,_J.O._1850_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brew,_J.O._1850_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brew,_J.O._1850_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brew,_J.O._1850_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brew, J.O. "Hopi Prehistory and History to 1850." In Alonso Ortiz, vol. ed., <i>Southwest</i>, vol. 9, in William C. Sturtevant, gnl. ed., <i>Handbook of North American Indians</i>, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1979: 514–523.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Clemmer, Richard O. <i>Roads in the Sky</i>, Boulder, Colorado.: Westview Press, Inc., 1995: 30–90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scholes, France V. <i>Troublous Times in New Mexico, 1659-1670</i>. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1942. 1942</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daughters, Anton. "A Seventeenth-Century Instance of Hopi Clowning?" <i>Kiva</i> 74:4 (Summer 2009) 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dockstader,_Frederick_J._1940-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dockstader,_Frederick_J._1940_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dockstader,_Frederick_J._1940_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dockstader,_Frederick_J._1940_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dockstader,_Frederick_J._1940_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dockstader,_Frederick_J._1940_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dockstader,_Frederick_J._1940_18-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dockstader, Frederick J. "Hopi History, 1850–1940." In Alonso Ortiz, vol. ed., Southwest, vol. 9, in William C. Sturtevant, gnl. ed., <i>Handbook of North American Indians</i>. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1979: 524–532.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pecina, Ron and Pecina, Bob. <i>Neil David's Hopi World</i>. Schiffer Publishing Ltd., 2011. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7643-3808-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7643-3808-3">978-0-7643-3808-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adams, David Wallace. "Schooling the Hopi: Federal Indian Policy Writ Small, 1887–1917", <i>The Pacific Historical Review</i>, Vol. 48, No. 3. University of California Press, (1979): 335–356.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johansson,_S._Ryan_1978-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Johansson,_S._Ryan_1978_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johansson,_S._Ryan_1978_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Johansson, S. Ryan., and Preston, S.H. "Tribal Demography: The Hopi and Navaho Populations as Seen through Manuscripts from the 1900 U.S. Census", <i>Social Science History</i>, Vol. 3, No. 1. Duke University Press, (1978): 1–33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">United States Congress, Senate, Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. <i>Navajo-Hopi Land Dispute: Hearing before the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, 1974</i>, Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, (1974): 1–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hopieducationfund.org-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hopieducationfund.org_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hopieducationfund.org_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hopieducationfund.org/partners.html">Hopi Education Endowment Fund</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091011060917/http://www.hopieducationfund.org/partners.html">Archived</a> 2009-10-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Accessed: November 13, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTalayesva1970" class="citation book cs1">Talayesva, Don. C. (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3dg_AQAAQBAJ&q=978-0-300-19103-5&pg=PR4"><i>Sun Chief: The Autobiography of a Hopi Indian</i></a> (2nd ed.). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. p. 93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-19103-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-19103-5"><bdi>978-0-300-19103-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sun+Chief%3A+The+Autobiography+of+a+Hopi+Indian&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+CT&rft.pages=93&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=978-0-300-19103-5&rft.aulast=Talayesva&rft.aufirst=Don.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3dg_AQAAQBAJ%26q%3D978-0-300-19103-5%26pg%3DPR4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGilbert2010" class="citation book cs1">Gilbert, Matthew (2010). <i>Education beyond the Mesas</i>. University of Nebraska. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780803216266" title="Special:BookSources/9780803216266"><bdi>9780803216266</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Education+beyond+the+Mesas&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780803216266&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribalresourcecenter.org/ccfolder/hopi_const.htm">"Constitution of the Hopi Tribe"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414235011/http://www.tribalresourcecenter.org/ccfolder/hopi_const.htm">Archived</a> 2021-04-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, National Tribal Justice Resource Center's Tribal Codes and Constitutions. November 28, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nau.edu-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nau.edu_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nau.edu_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191201183008/http://www8.nau.edu/~hcpo-p/">"Navajo-Hopi Joint Use Area"</a>. <i>Hopi Cultural Preservation Office</i>. November 12, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www8.nau.edu/~hcpo-p/">the original</a> on December 1, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hopi+Cultural+Preservation+Office&rft.atitle=Navajo-Hopi+Joint+Use+Area&rft.date=2009-11-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww8.nau.edu%2F~hcpo-p%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clemmer,_Richard_O._1974-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Clemmer,_Richard_O._1974_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFClemmer1979" class="citation book cs1">Clemmer, Richard O. (1979). "Hopi History, 1940–1974". In Ortiz, Alfonso; Sturtevant, William C. (eds.). <i>Southwest</i>. <a href="/wiki/Handbook_of_North_American_Indians" title="Handbook of North American Indians">Handbook of North American Indians</a>. Vol. 9. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. pp. <span class="nowrap">533–</span>538. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/26140053">26140053</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hopi+History%2C+1940%E2%80%931974&rft.btitle=Southwest&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.series=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E533-%3C%2Fspan%3E538&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F26140053&rft.aulast=Clemmer&rft.aufirst=Richard+O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/104/plaws/publ301/PLAW-104publ301.pdf">"Navajo-Hopi Land Dispute Settlement Act of 1996, PUBLIC LAW 104–301"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. October 11, 1996<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 30,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Navajo-Hopi+Land+Dispute+Settlement+Act+of+1996%2C+PUBLIC+LAW+104%E2%80%93301&rft.date=1996-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.congress.gov%2F104%2Fplaws%2Fpubl301%2FPLAW-104publ301.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hopi-nsn.gov-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hopi-nsn.gov_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hopi-nsn.gov_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hopi-nsn.gov_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hopi-nsn.gov/tribal-government/">"Tribal Government"</a>. <i>The Hopi Tribe</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hopi+Tribe&rft.atitle=Tribal+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hopi-nsn.gov%2Ftribal-government%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>In The Matter of Village Authority To Remove Tribal Council Representatives,</i> Hopi Appellate Court, Appellate Court Case No. 2008-AP 0001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hopi-nsn.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Hopi-Code.pdf">"Hopi Code"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Hopi Tribe. 28 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hopi+Code&rft.pub=The+Hopi+Tribe&rft.date=2012-08-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hopi-nsn.gov%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2013%2F05%2FHopi-Code.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBerry2010" class="citation web cs1">Berry, Carol (13 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indiancountrytoday.com/archive/hopi-tribal-councils-new-structure-irks-some-critics">"Hopi Tribal Council's new structure irks some critics"</a>. Indiancountrytoday.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hopi+Tribal+Council%27s+new+structure+irks+some+critics&rft.pub=Indiancountrytoday.com&rft.date=2010-01-13&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findiancountrytoday.com%2Farchive%2Fhopi-tribal-councils-new-structure-irks-some-critics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBerry2009" class="citation web cs1">Berry, Carol (14 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indiancountrytoday.com/archive/coal-permit-expansion-approved-as-hopi-chairman-resigns">"Coal permit expansion approved as Hopi chairman resigns"</a>. Indiancountrytoday.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Coal+permit+expansion+approved+as+Hopi+chairman+resigns&rft.pub=Indiancountrytoday.com&rft.date=2009-01-14&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findiancountrytoday.com%2Farchive%2Fcoal-permit-expansion-approved-as-hopi-chairman-resigns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSevigny2023" class="citation news cs1">Sevigny, Melissa (16 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2023/01/16/1149425598/grassroots-efforts-bring-firewood-to-hopi-people">"Grassroots efforts bring firewood to Hopi people"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Grassroots+efforts+bring+firewood+to+Hopi+people&rft.date=2023-01-16&rft.aulast=Sevigny&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2023%2F01%2F16%2F1149425598%2Fgrassroots-efforts-bring-firewood-to-hopi-people&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.htedc.com/">Hopi Tribe Economic Development Corporation</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMay2010" class="citation web cs1">May, Tina (6 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110504031856/http://www.hopi-nsn.gov/News/tabid/169/EntryId/45/Hopi-Economic-Development-Corp-Transition-Team-Off-to-a-Fast-Start.aspx">"Hopi Economic Development Corp. Transition Team Off to a Fast Start"</a>. Hopi-nsn.gov. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hopi-nsn.gov/News/tabid/169/EntryId/45/Hopi-Economic-Development-Corp-Transition-Team-Off-to-a-Fast-Start.aspx">the original</a> on 4 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hopi+Economic+Development+Corp.+Transition+Team+Off+to+a+Fast+Start&rft.pub=Hopi-nsn.gov&rft.date=2010-01-06&rft.aulast=May&rft.aufirst=Tina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hopi-nsn.gov%2FNews%2Ftabid%2F169%2FEntryId%2F45%2FHopi-Economic-Development-Corp-Transition-Team-Off-to-a-Fast-Start.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.experiencehopi.com/">"New Hopi Hotel near Tuba City is Now Open!"</a>. Experiencehopi.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Hopi+Hotel+near+Tuba+City+is+Now+Open%21&rft.pub=Experiencehopi.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.experiencehopi.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFonseca2009" class="citation web cs1">Fonseca, Felicia (9 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indiancountrytoday.com/archive/hopi-hotel-showcases-arizona-tribes-culture">"Hopi hotel showcases Arizona tribe's culture"</a>. Indiancountrytoday.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hopi+hotel+showcases+Arizona+tribe%27s+culture&rft.pub=Indiancountrytoday.com&rft.date=2009-12-09&rft.aulast=Fonseca&rft.aufirst=Felicia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findiancountrytoday.com%2Farchive%2Fhopi-hotel-showcases-arizona-tribes-culture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110606091954/http://www.experiencehopi.com/tuvvicenter.html">"Tuvvi Travel Center"</a>. Experiencehopi.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.experiencehopi.com/tuvvicenter.html">the original</a> on 6 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tuvvi+Travel+Center&rft.pub=Experiencehopi.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.experiencehopi.com%2Ftuvvicenter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hopi_Cultural_Center-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hopi_Cultural_Center_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hopiculturalcenter.com/">"Hopi Cultural Center"</a>. Hopi Cultural Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hopi+Cultural+Center&rft.pub=Hopi+Cultural+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhopiculturalcenter.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHelms2004" class="citation web cs1">Helms, Kathy (20 May 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110812044529/http://www.gallupindependent.com/2004/05may04/052004hopi.html">"Hopi again vote down gambling"</a>. <i>Gallup Independent</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gallupindependent.com/2004/05may04/052004hopi.html">the original</a> on 12 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gallup+Independent&rft.atitle=Hopi+again+vote+down+gambling&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.aulast=Helms&rft.aufirst=Kathy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gallupindependent.com%2F2004%2F05may04%2F052004hopi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/arizona/2017/12/03/hopi-tribe-last-state-sign-gaming-compact/917858001/">"Hopi tribe last in the state to sign gaming compact"</a>. <i>azcentral</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=azcentral&rft.atitle=Hopi+tribe+last+in+the+state+to+sign+gaming+compact&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.azcentral.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Farizona%2F2017%2F12%2F03%2Fhopi-tribe-last-state-sign-gaming-compact%2F917858001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmith2000" class="citation web cs1">Smith, L. Michael (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501001513/http://www.ausbcomp.com/redman/hopi.htm">"Hopi: The Real Thing"</a>. Ausbcomp.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ausbcomp.com/redman/hopi.htm">the original</a> on 2019-05-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hopi%3A+The+Real+Thing&rft.pub=Ausbcomp.com&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=L.+Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ausbcomp.com%2Fredman%2Fhopi.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMalotki1991" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Ekkehart_Malotki" title="Ekkehart Malotki">Malotki, Ekkehart</a> (1991), "Language as a key to cultural understanding: New interpretations of Central Hopi concepts", <i>Baessler-Archiv</i>, <b>39</b>: <span class="nowrap">43–</span>75</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Baessler-Archiv&rft.atitle=Language+as+a+key+to+cultural+understanding%3A+New+interpretations+of+Central+Hopi+concepts&rft.volume=39&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E43-%3C%2Fspan%3E75&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Malotki&rft.aufirst=Ekkehart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bp-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bp_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPritzker2011" class="citation book cs1">Pritzker, Barry (2011). <i>The Hopi</i>. New York: Chelsea House. pp. <span class="nowrap">16–</span>17, 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781604137989" title="Special:BookSources/9781604137989"><bdi>9781604137989</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hopi&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E16-%3C%2Fspan%3E17%2C+25&rft.pub=Chelsea+House&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781604137989&rft.aulast=Pritzker&rft.aufirst=Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hopi">"Hopi people"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. 28 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Hopi+people&rft.date=2008-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FHopi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080509161539/http://medplant.nmsu.edu/thelesperma.shtm">"Medicinal Plants of the Southwest Thelesperma megapotamicum"</a>. New Mexico State University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://medplant.nmsu.edu/thelesperma.shtm">the original</a> on 9 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Medicinal+Plants+of+the+Southwest+Thelesperma+megapotamicum&rft.pub=New+Mexico+State+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedplant.nmsu.edu%2Fthelesperma.shtm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHedrick2003" class="citation journal cs1">Hedrick, Philip (June 2003). "Hopi Indians, "cultural" selection, and albinism". <i>American Journal of Physical Anthropology</i>. <b>121</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">151–</span>156. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fajpa.10180">10.1002/ajpa.10180</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12740958">12740958</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Physical+Anthropology&rft.atitle=Hopi+Indians%2C+%22cultural%22+selection%2C+and+albinism&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E151-%3C%2Fspan%3E156&rft.date=2003-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fajpa.10180&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12740958&rft.aulast=Hedrick&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hopi-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hopi_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Masayesva, Victor. <i>Hopi Photographers, Hopi Images</i>. Tucson, AZ: Sun Tracks & University of Arizona Press, 1983: 42. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8165-0809-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8165-0809-9">978-0-8165-0809-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoxie, Frederick. <i>Encyclopedia of North American Indians</i>. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1996: 480. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-395-66921-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-395-66921-1">978-0-395-66921-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNandaWarms2023" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Serena_Nanda" title="Serena Nanda">Nanda, Serena</a>; Warms, Richard L (April 4, 2023). "11, Matrilineal Families". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJScEAAAQBAJ"><i>Cultural Anthropology</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publications">SAGE Publications</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781071858271" title="Special:BookSources/9781071858271"><bdi>9781071858271</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=11%2C+Matrilineal+Families&rft.btitle=Cultural+Anthropology&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2023-04-04&rft.isbn=9781071858271&rft.aulast=Nanda&rft.aufirst=Serena&rft.au=Warms%2C+Richard+L&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZJScEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>Adams, David Wallace. "Schooling the Hopi: Federal Indian Policy Writ Small, 1887–1917." The Pacific Historical Review, Vol. 48, No. 3. University of California Press, (1979): 335–356.</li> <li>Brew, J.O. "Hopi Prehistory and History to 1850." In Alonso Ortiz, vol. ed., Southwest, vol. 9, in William C. Sturtevant, gnl. ed., Handbook of North American Indians. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1979: 514–523.</li> <li>Clemmer, Richard O. "Hopi History, 1940–1974." In Alonso Ortiz, vol. ed., Southwest, vol. 9, in William C. Sturtevant, gnl. ed., Handbook of North American Indians. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1979: 533–538.</li> <li>Clemmer, Richard O. "Roads in the Sky." Boulder, Colorado.: Westview Press, Inc., 1995: 30–90.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414235011/http://www.tribalresourcecenter.org/ccfolder/hopi_const.htm">"Constitution of the Hopi Tribe. National Tribal Justice Resource Center's Tribal Codes and Constitutions"</a>. Tribalresourcecenter.org. November 13, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribalresourcecenter.org/ccfolder/hopi_const.htm">the original</a> on April 14, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+the+Hopi+Tribe.+National+Tribal+Justice+Resource+Center%27s+Tribal+Codes+and+Constitutions&rft.pub=Tribalresourcecenter.org&rft.date=2009-11-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribalresourcecenter.org%2Fccfolder%2Fhopi_const.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Dockstader, Frederick J. "Hopi History, 1850–1940." In Alonso Ortiz, vol. ed., Southwest, vol. 9, in William C. Sturtevant, gnl. ed., Handbook of North American Indians. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1979: 524–532.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jan.ucc.nau.edu/hcpo-p/">"Hopi Cultural Preservation Office"</a>. Northern Arizona University. November 12, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200417043832/https://jan.ucc.nau.edu/hcpo-p/">Archived</a> from the original on April 17, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hopi+Cultural+Preservation+Office&rft.pub=Northern+Arizona+University&rft.date=2009-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjan.ucc.nau.edu%2Fhcpo-p%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091011060917/http://www.hopieducationfund.org/partners.html">"Partners"</a>. Hopi Education Endowment Fund. November 13, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hopieducationfund.org/partners.html">the original</a> on October 11, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Partners&rft.pub=Hopi+Education+Endowment+Fund&rft.date=2009-11-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hopieducationfund.org%2Fpartners.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Johansson, S. Ryan., and Preston, S.H. "Tribal Demography: The Hopi and Navaho Populations as Seen through Manuscripts from the 1900 U.S. Census." Social Science History, Vol. 3, No. 1. Duke University Press, (1978): 1–33.</li> <li>Pecina, Ron and Pecina, Bob. <i>Neil David's Hopi World</i>. Schiffer Publishing Ltd., 2011. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7643-3808-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7643-3808-3">978-0-7643-3808-3</a>. 86–89</li> <li>U.S. Department of State, Navajo–Hopi Land Dispute: Hearing before the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, 1974. Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, (1974): 1–3.</li> <li>Whiteley, Peter M. "Deliberate Acts." Tucson, Arizona: The University of Arizona Press, 1988.: 14–86.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Clemmer, Richard O. "Roads in the Sky: The Hopi Indians in a Century of Change". Boulder: Westview Press, 1995.</li> <li>Harold Courlander, "Fourth World of the Hopi" University of New Mexico Press, 1987</li> <li>"Voice of Indigenous People – Native People Address the United Nations" Edited by Alexander Ewen, Clear Light Publishers, Santa Fe NM, 1994, 176 pages. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Banyacya" title="Thomas Banyacya">Thomas Banyacya</a> et al. at the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGlennWunderRollingsMartin2008" class="citation book cs1">Glenn, Edna; Wunder, John R.; Rollings, Willard Hughes; et al., eds. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/hopination/"><i>Hopi Nation: Essays on Indigenous Art, Culture, History, and Law</i></a> (Ebook ed.). digitalcommons.unl.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hopi+Nation%3A+Essays+on+Indigenous+Art%2C+Culture%2C+History%2C+and+Law&rft.edition=Ebook&rft.pub=digitalcommons.unl.edu&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.unl.edu%2Fhopination%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Harry James, <i>Pages from Hopi History</i> University of Arizona Press, 1974</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLaird1977" class="citation book cs1">Laird, W. David (1977). <i>Hopi Bibliography: Comprehensive and Annotated</i>. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0816506337" title="Special:BookSources/0816506337"><bdi>0816506337</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hopi+Bibliography%3A+Comprehensive+and+Annotated&rft.place=Tucson&rft.pub=University+of+Arizona+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0816506337&rft.aulast=Laird&rft.aufirst=W.+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Susanne and Jake Page, <i>Hopi</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abramsbooks.com/">Abradale Press, Harry N. Abrams</a>, 1994, illustrated oversize hardcover, 230 pages, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8109-8127-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8109-8127-0">0-8109-8127-0</a>, 1982 edition, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8109-1082-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8109-1082-9">0-8109-1082-9</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSecakuku1995" class="citation book cs1">Secakuku, Alph H. (1995). <i>Hopi Kachina Tradition: Following the Sun and Moon</i>. Flagstaff: Northland Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0873586443" title="Special:BookSources/978-0873586443"><bdi>978-0873586443</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hopi+Kachina+Tradition%3A+Following+the+Sun+and+Moon&rft.place=Flagstaff&rft.pub=Northland+Publishing&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0873586443&rft.aulast=Secakuku&rft.aufirst=Alph+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Alfonso Ortiz, ed. <i>Handbook of North American Indians</i>, vol. 9, Southwest. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1979. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-16-004577-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-16-004577-0">0-16-004577-0</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/19/us/reggae-rhythms-speak-to-an-insular-tribe.html">New York Times article, "Reggae Rhythms Speak to an Insular Tribe" by Bruce Weber, September 19, 1999</a></li> <li>Pecina, Ron and Pecina, Bob. <i>Neil David's Hopi World</i>. Schiffer Publishing Ltd., 2011. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7643-3808-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7643-3808-3">978-0-7643-3808-3</a></li> <li>Frank Waters, <i>The Book of the Hopi</i>. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin</a> (Non-Classics), (June 30, 1977), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-004527-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-004527-9">0-14-004527-9</a></li> <li>Frank Waters, <i>Masked Gods:Navaho & Pueblo Ceremonialism,</i> <a href="/wiki/Swallow_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Swallow Press">Swallow Press</a>, 1950; <a href="/wiki/Ohio_University_Press" title="Ohio University Press">Ohio University Press</a>, 1984, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8040-0641-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8040-0641-5">0-8040-0641-5</a></li> <li>James F. Brooks, <i>Mesa of Sorrows: A History of the Awat'ovi Massacre</i>, <a href="/wiki/W.W._Norton_%26_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="W.W. Norton & Company">W.W. Norton & Company</a>, 2016; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780393061253" title="Special:BookSources/9780393061253">9780393061253</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hopi" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hopi">Hopi</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hopi-nsn.gov/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianvillage.com/Indianarchives/The-Hopi-Indians.htm">A Summary of Hopi Native American History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418033806/http://www.indianvillage.com/Indianarchives/The-Hopi-Indians.htm">Archived</a> 2021-04-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ausbcomp.com/redman/hopi.htm">Four Corners Postcard: General information on Hopi</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501001513/http://www.ausbcomp.com/redman/hopi.htm">Archived</a> 2019-05-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, by LM Smith</li></ul> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation gutenberg"> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/15888">The Unwritten Literature of the Hopi, by Hattie Greene Lockett</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07468a.htm">"Hopi Indians"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hopi+Indians&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F07468a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHopi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frankwaters.org/">Frank Waters Foundation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190312122215/http://www.frankwaters.org/">Archived</a> 2019-03-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080208035314/http://www.statemuseum.arizona.edu/exhibits/nampeyo/sikyatki.shtml">Sikyatki (ancestral Hopi) pottery</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www8.nau.edu/hcpo-p/">Hopi Cultural Preservation Office</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vGdbpu1_STM">Hopi movie "Techqua Ikachi" part 1</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSSHnbjfBl4">Hopi movie "Techqua Ikachi" part 2</a> on YouTube</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Arizona&#124;link=Arizona_Indigenous_peoples_of_Arizona294" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indigenous_People_of_Arizona" title="Template:Indigenous People of Arizona"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indigenous_People_of_Arizona" title="Template talk:Indigenous People of Arizona"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indigenous_People_of_Arizona" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indigenous People of Arizona"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Arizona&#124;link=Arizona_Indigenous_peoples_of_Arizona294" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona"><img alt="Arizona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Arizona.svg/40px-Flag_of_Arizona.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Arizona.svg/60px-Flag_of_Arizona.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Arizona" title="Indigenous peoples of Arizona">Indigenous peoples</a> of <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary peoples native to Arizona</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemehuevi" title="Chemehuevi">Chemehuevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiricahua" title="Chiricahua">Chiricahua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocopah" title="Cocopah">Cocopah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halchidhoma" title="Halchidhoma">Halchidhoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havasupai" title="Havasupai">Havasupai</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hopi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hualapai" title="Hualapai">Hualapai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maricopa_people" title="Maricopa people">Maricopa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohave_people" title="Mohave people">Mohave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Navajo people">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Paiute" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Paiute">Southern Paiute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pima_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pima people">Pima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quechan" title="Quechan">Quechan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tewa" title="Tewa">Tewa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hopi-Tewa" title="Hopi-Tewa">Hopi-Tewa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%CA%BCodham" title="Oʼodham">Oʼodham</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tohono_O%CA%BCodham_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tohono Oʼodham people">Tohono Oʼodham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pima_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pima people">Akimel O'odham</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonto_Apache" title="Tonto Apache">Tonto Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ute_people" title="Ute people">Southern Ute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Apache_people" title="Western Apache people">Western Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui" title="Yaqui">Yaqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yavapai_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Yavapai people">Yavapai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuni_people" title="Zuni people">Zuni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prehistoric cultures in Arizona</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancestral_Puebloans" title="Ancestral Puebloans">Ancestral Pueblo</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ancestral_Puebloan_dwellings_in_Arizona" title="List of Ancestral Puebloan dwellings in Arizona">dwellings</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basketmaker_culture" title="Basketmaker culture">Basketmaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cohonina" title="Cohonina">Cohonina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohokam" title="Hohokam">Hohokam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogollon_culture" title="Mogollon culture">Mogollon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patayan" title="Patayan">Patayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salado_culture" title="Salado culture">Salado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinagua" title="Sinagua">Sinagua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>See also:</b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reservations_in_Arizona" title="List of Indian reservations in Arizona">List of Indian reservations in Arizona</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117255#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata983" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117255#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata983" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117255#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000405351184">ISNI</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85061933">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Hopiové"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph630049&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007565416605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10637006">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hopi&oldid=1281581785">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hopi&oldid=1281581785</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hopi" title="Category:Hopi">Hopi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Federally_recognized_tribes_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Federally recognized tribes in the United States">Federally recognized tribes in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Native_American_history_of_Arizona" title="Category:Native American history of Arizona">Native American history of Arizona</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Native_American_tribes_in_Arizona" title="Category:Native American tribes in Arizona">Native American tribes in Arizona</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Puebloan_peoples" title="Category:Puebloan peoples">Puebloan peoples</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Uto-Aztecan_peoples" title="Category:Uto-Aztecan peoples">Uto-Aztecan peoples</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_February_2021" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from February 2021">Articles with dead external links from February 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%22Related_ethnic_groups%22_needing_confirmation" title="Category:"Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation">"Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_infobox_ethnic_group_with_image_parameters" title="Category:Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters">Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2018" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018">Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from September 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Project_Gutenberg_links" title="Category:Articles with Project Gutenberg links">Articles with Project Gutenberg links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1913_Catholic_Encyclopedia_without_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia without Wikisource reference">Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia without Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_peoples_of_North_America_articles_needing_expert_attention" title="Category:Indigenous peoples of North America articles needing expert attention">Indigenous peoples of North America articles needing expert attention</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 March 2025, at 06:33<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hopi&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hopi</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>50 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-65585cc8dc-8qtjh","wgBackendResponseTime":150,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.874","walltime":"1.089","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7882,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":113317,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":8398,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":11,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":211271,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 944.444 1 -total"," 31.15% 294.211 1 Template:Reflist"," 17.63% 166.495 24 Template:Cite_web"," 10.69% 100.987 1 Template:Gallery"," 9.22% 87.114 1 Template:Indigenous_People_of_AZ"," 8.90% 84.046 1 Template:Navbox"," 7.82% 73.889 2 Template:Short_description"," 5.90% 55.676 4 Template:Citation_needed"," 5.65% 53.331 5 Template:Fix"," 5.63% 53.206 1 Template:Commons_category"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.528","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9599364,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c6f46dcf-5g6bn","timestamp":"20250331030739","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Hopi","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hopi","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q117255","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q117255","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-06-18T16:56:43Z","dateModified":"2025-03-21T06:33:35Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/9d\/Hopi_woman_with_a_traditional_pot_and_traditional_clothing.png","headline":"ethnic group"}</script> </body> </html>