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physicochemical analysis</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: physicochemical analysis"> <meta name="keywords" content="physicochemical analysis"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="physicochemical analysis"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 28409</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: physicochemical analysis</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28379</span> Microbiological and Physicochemical Evaluation of Traditional Greek Kopanisti Cheese Produced by Different Starter Cultures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Kazou">M. Kazou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Gavriil"> A. Gavriil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Kalagkatsi"> O. Kalagkatsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Paschos"> T. Paschos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Tsakalidou"> E. Tsakalidou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Kopanisti cheese is a Greek soft Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) cheese made of raw cow, sheep or goat milk, or mixtures of them, with similar organoleptic characteristics to that of Roquefort cheese. Traditional manufacturing of Kopanisti cheese is limited in small-scale dairies, without the addition of starter cultures. Instead, an amount of over-mature Kopanisti cheese, called Mana Kopanisti, is used to initiate ripening. Therefore, the selection of proper starter cultures and the understanding of the contribution of various microbial groups to its overall quality is crucial for the production of a high-quality final product with standardized organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics. Taking the above into account, the aim of the present study was the investigation of Kopanisti cheese microbiota and its role in cheese quality. For this purpose, four different types of Kopanisti were produced in triplicates, all with pasteurized cow milk, with the addition of (A) the typical mesophilic species Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus paracasei used as starters in the production of soft spread cheeses, (B) strains of Lactobacillus acidipiscis and Lactobacillus rennini previously isolated from Kopanisti and Mana Kopanisti, (C) all the species from (A) and (B) as inoculum, and finally (D) the species from (A) and Mana Kopanisti. Physicochemical and microbiological analysis was performed for milk and cheese samples during ripening. Enumeration was performed for major groups of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), total mesophilic bacteria, yeasts as well as hygiene indicator microorganisms. Bacterial isolates from all the different LAB groups, apart from enterococci, alongside yeasts isolates, were initially grouped using repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) and then identified at the species level using 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA region sequencing, respectively. Sensory evaluation was also performed for final cheese samples at the end of the ripening period (35 days). Based on the results of the classical microbiological analysis, the average counts of the total mesophilic bacteria and LAB, apart from enterococci, ranged between 7 and 10 log colony forming unit (CFU) g⁻¹, phychrotrophic bacteria, and yeast extract glucose chloramphenicol (YGC) isolates between 4 and 8 log CFU g⁻¹, while coliforms and enterococci up to 2 log CFU g⁻¹ throughout ripening in cheese samples A, C and D. In contrast, in cheese sample B, the average counts of the total mesophilic bacteria and LAB, apart from enterococci, phychrotrophic bacteria, and YGC isolates ranged between 0 and 10 log CFU g⁻¹ and coliforms and enterococci up to 2 log CFU g⁻¹. Although the microbial counts were not that different among samples, identification of the bacterial and yeasts isolates revealed the complex microbial community structure present in each cheese sample. Differences in the physicochemical characteristics among the cheese samples were also observed, with pH ranging from 4.3 to 5.3 and moisture from 49.6 to 58.0 % in the final cheese products. Interestingly, the sensory evaluation also revealed differences among samples, with cheese sample B ranking first based on the total score. Overall, the combination of these analyses highlighted the impact of different starter cultures on the Kopanisti microbiota as well as on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the final product. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kopanisti%20cheese" title="Kopanisti cheese">Kopanisti cheese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbiota" title=" microbiota"> microbiota</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classical%20microbiological%20analysis" title=" classical microbiological analysis"> classical microbiological analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physicochemical%20analysis" title=" physicochemical analysis"> physicochemical analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134356/microbiological-and-physicochemical-evaluation-of-traditional-greek-kopanisti-cheese-produced-by-different-starter-cultures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134356.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28378</span> Prediction and Analysis of Human Transmembrane Transporter Proteins Based on SCM</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui-Ling%20Huang">Hui-Ling Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamara%20Vasylenko"> Tamara Vasylenko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phasit%20Charoenkwan"> Phasit Charoenkwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shih-Hsiang%20Chiu"> Shih-Hsiang Chiu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shinn-Ying%20Ho"> Shinn-Ying Ho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The knowledge of the human transporters is still limited due to technically demanding procedure of crystallization for the structural characterization of transporters by spectroscopic methods. It is desirable to develop bioinformatics tools for effective analysis of available sequences in order to identify human transmembrane transporter proteins (HMTPs). This study proposes a scoring card method (SCM) based method for predicting HMTPs. We estimated a set of propensity scores of dipeptides to be HMTPs using SCM from the training dataset (HTS732) consisting of 366 HMTPs and 366 non-HMTPs. SCM using the estimated propensity scores of 20 amino acids and 400 dipeptides -as HMTPs, has a training accuracy of 87.63% and a test accuracy of 66.46%. The five top-ranked dipeptides include LD, NV, LI, KY, and MN with scores 996, 992, 989, 987, and 985, respectively. Five amino acids with the highest propensity scores are Ile, Phe, Met, Gly, and Leu, that hydrophobic residues are mostly highly-scored. Furthermore, obtained propensity scores were used to analyze physicochemical properties of human transporters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dipeptide%20composition" title="dipeptide composition">dipeptide composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physicochemical%20property" title=" physicochemical property"> physicochemical property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20transmembrane%20transporter%20proteins" title=" human transmembrane transporter proteins"> human transmembrane transporter proteins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20transmembrane%20transporters%20binding%20propensity" title=" human transmembrane transporters binding propensity"> human transmembrane transporters binding propensity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scoring%20card%20method" title=" scoring card method"> scoring card method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31931/prediction-and-analysis-of-human-transmembrane-transporter-proteins-based-on-scm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31931.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28377</span> Novel Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Oral Delivery of Oxyresveratrol: Effect of the Formulation Parameters on the Physicochemical Properties and in vitro Release </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yaowaporn%20Sangsen">Yaowaporn Sangsen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kittisak%20Likhitwitayawuid"> Kittisak Likhitwitayawuid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boonchoo%20Sritularak"> Boonchoo Sritularak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamonthip%20Wiwattanawongsa"> Kamonthip Wiwattanawongsa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruedeekorn%20Wiwattanapatapee"> Ruedeekorn Wiwattanapatapee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Novel solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were developed to improve oral bioavailability of oxyresveratrol (OXY). The SLNs were prepared by a high speed homogenization technique, at an effective speed and time, using Compritol® 888 ATO (5% w/w) as the solid lipid. The appropriate weight proportions (0.3% w/w) of OXY affected the physicochemical properties of blank SLNs. The effects of surfactant types on the properties of the formulations such as particle size and entrapment efficacy were also investigated. Conclusively, Tween 80 combined with soy lecithin was the most appropriate surfactant to stabilize OXY-loaded SLNs. The mean particle size of the optimized formulation was 134.40 ± 0.57 nm. In vitro drug release study, the selected S2 formulation showed a retarded release profile for OXY with no initial burst release compared to OXY suspension in the simulated gastrointestinal fluids. Therefore, these SLNs could provide a suitable system to develop for the oral OXY delivery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20lipid%20nanoparticles" title="solid lipid nanoparticles">solid lipid nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physicochemical%20properties" title=" physicochemical properties"> physicochemical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20vitro%20drug%20release" title=" in vitro drug release"> in vitro drug release</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxyresveratrol" title=" oxyresveratrol"> oxyresveratrol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3625/novel-solid-lipid-nanoparticles-for-oral-delivery-of-oxyresveratrol-effect-of-the-formulation-parameters-on-the-physicochemical-properties-and-in-vitro-release" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3625.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28376</span> Development of a Passive Solar Tomato Dryer with Movable Heat Storage System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jacob%20T.%20Liberty">Jacob T. Liberty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wilfred%20I.%20Okonkwo"> Wilfred I. Okonkwo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study designed and constructed a post-harvest passive solar tomato dryer of dimension 176 x 152 x 54cm for drying tomato. Quality of the dried crop was evaluated and compared with the fresh ones. The solar dryer consist of solar collector (air heater), 110 x 61 x 10 x 10cm, the drying chamber, 102 x54cm, removal heat storage unit, 40 x 35 x 13cm and drying trays, 43 x 42cm. The physicochemical properties of this crop were evaluated before and after drying. Physicochemical properties evaluated includes moisture, protein, fat, fibre, ash, carbohydrate and vitamin C, contents. The fresh, open and solar dried samples were analysed for their proximate composition using the recommended method of AOAC. Also, statistical analysis of the data was conducted using analysis of variance (ANOVA) using completely Randomize Design (CRD) and means were separated by Duncan’s New Multiple Range test (DNMRT). Proximate analysis showed that solar dried tomato had significantly (P < 0.05) higher protein, fibre, ash, carbohydrate and vitamin C except for the fat content that was significantly (P < 0.05) higher for all the open sun dried samples than the solar dried and fresh product. The nutrient which is highly affected by sun drying is vitamin C. Result indicates that moisture loss in solar dried tomato was faster and lower than the open dried samples and as such makes the solar dried products of lesser tendency to mould and bacterial growth. Also, the open sun dried samples had to be carried into the sheltered place each time it rained. The solar dried produce is of high quality. Further processing of the dried crops will involve packaging for commercial purposes. This will also help in making these agricultural product available in a relatively cheap price in off season and also avert micronutrient deficiencies in diet especially among the low-income groups in Nigeria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tomato" title="tomato">tomato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=passive%20solar%20dryer" title=" passive solar dryer"> passive solar dryer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physicochemical%20properties" title=" physicochemical properties"> physicochemical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=removal%20heat%20storage" title=" removal heat storage"> removal heat storage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48399/development-of-a-passive-solar-tomato-dryer-with-movable-heat-storage-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48399.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28375</span> Physicochemical Characteristics of Rice Starch Chainat 1 Variety by Physical Modification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Orose%20Rugchati">Orose Rugchati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarawut%20Wattanawongpitak"> Sarawut Wattanawongpitak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Chainat 1 variety (CN1) of rice, which generally has high amylose starch, is distributed in the lower part of Northern Thailand. CN1 rice starch can be used in both food and non-food products. In this research, the CN1 rice starch from the wet-milling process was prepared by Pre-Gelatinization (Heat-Moisture Treatments, HMT) under different conditions: percentage of moisture contents (20% and 30%) and duration time in minutes (0, 30, 60, and 90) at a specific temperature 110°C. The physicochemical characteristics of CN1 rice starch modification, such as amylose content, viscosity, swelling, and solubility property, were evaluated and compared with native CN1 rice starch. The results showed that modification CN1 rice starch tends to have some characteristics better than native starch. The appearance color and starch granule of modified CN1 by HMT have more effective characteristics than native starch when increased duration time. The duration time and moisture content are significant factors to the CN1 starch characteristic by HMT. Moreover, physical modification of CN1 starch by HMT can be described as a modified rice starch providing in many applications and the advantage of biodegradability development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physicochemical%20characteristics" title="physicochemical characteristics">physicochemical characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20modification" title=" physical modification"> physical modification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-gelatinization" title=" pre-gelatinization"> pre-gelatinization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heat-Moisture%20Treatments" title=" Heat-Moisture Treatments"> Heat-Moisture Treatments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20starch" title=" rice starch"> rice starch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chainat%201%20variety%20%28CN1%29" title=" Chainat 1 variety (CN1)"> Chainat 1 variety (CN1)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107385/physicochemical-characteristics-of-rice-starch-chainat-1-variety-by-physical-modification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107385.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28374</span> Effects of Process Parameters on the Yield of Oil from Coconut Fruit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ndidi%20F.%20Amulu">Ndidi F. Amulu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godian%20O.%20Mbah"> Godian O. Mbah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maxwel%20I.%20Onyiah"> Maxwel I. Onyiah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Callistus%20N.%20Ude"> Callistus N. Ude</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Analysis of the properties of coconut (Cocos nucifera) and its oil was evaluated in this work using standard analytical techniques. The analyses carried out include proximate composition of the fruit, extraction of oil from the fruit using different process parameters and physicochemical analysis of the extracted oil. The results showed the percentage (%) moisture, crude lipid, crude protein, ash, and carbohydrate content of the coconut as 7.59, 55.15, 5.65, 7.35, and 19.51 respectively. The oil from the coconut fruit was odourless and yellowish liquid at room temperature (30oC). The treatment combinations used (leaching time, leaching temperature and solute: solvent ratio) showed significant differences (P˂0.05) in the yield of oil from coconut flour. The oil yield ranged between 36.25%-49.83%. Lipid indices of the coconut oil indicated the acid value (AV) as 10.05 Na0H/g of oil, free fatty acid (FFA) as 5.03%, saponification values (SV) as 183.26 mgKOH-1 g of oil, iodine value (IV) as 81.00 I2/g of oil, peroxide value (PV) as 5.00 ml/ g of oil and viscosity (V) as 0.002. A standard statistical package minitab version 16.0 program was used in the regression analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The statistical software mentioned above was also used to generate various plots such as single effect plot, interactions effect plot and contour plot. The response or yield of oil from the coconut flour was used to develop a mathematical model that correlates the yield to the process variables studied. The maximum conditions obtained that gave the highest yield of coconut oil were leaching time of 2 hrs, leaching temperature of 50 oC and solute/solvent ratio of 0.05 g/ml. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coconut" title="coconut">coconut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil-extraction" title=" oil-extraction"> oil-extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physicochemical" title=" physicochemical"> physicochemical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proximate" title=" proximate"> proximate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16056/effects-of-process-parameters-on-the-yield-of-oil-from-coconut-fruit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16056.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">355</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28373</span> Formulation and Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticles as Drug Carrier for Cancer Therapy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelhadi%20Adam%20Salih%20Denei">Abdelhadi Adam Salih Denei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been used in cancer therapy, and the area of nanomedicine has made unheard-of strides in recent years. A thorough summary of the development and assessment of AgNPs for their possible use in the fight against cancer is the goal of this review. Targeted delivery methods have been designed to optimise therapeutic efficacy by using AgNPs' distinct physicochemical features, such as their size, shape, and surface chemistry. Firstly, the study provides an overview of the several synthesis routes—both chemical and green—that are used to create AgNPs. Natural extracts and biomolecules are used in green synthesis techniques, which are becoming more and more popular since they are biocompatible and environmentally benign. It is next described how synthesis factors affect the physicochemical properties of AgNPs, emphasising how crucial it is to modify these parameters for particular therapeutic uses. An extensive analysis is conducted on the anticancer potential of AgNPs, emphasising their capacity to trigger apoptosis, impede angiogenesis, and alter cellular signalling pathways. The analysis also investigates the potential benefits of combining AgNPs with currently used cancer treatment techniques, including radiation and chemotherapy. AgNPs' safety profile for use in clinical settings is clarified by a comprehensive evaluation of their cytotoxicity and biocompatibility. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20nanoparticles" title="silver nanoparticles">silver nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer" title=" cancer"> cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocarrier%20system" title=" nanocarrier system"> nanocarrier system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=targeted%20delivery" title=" targeted delivery"> targeted delivery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182051/formulation-and-evaluation-of-silver-nanoparticles-as-drug-carrier-for-cancer-therapy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28372</span> Comparison Physicochemical Properties of Hexane Extracted Aniseed Oil from Cold Press Extraction Residue and Cold Press Aniseed Oil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Derya%20%C3%96ren">Derya Ören</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C5%9Eeyma%20Akal%C4%B1n"> Şeyma Akalın</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cold pres technique is a traditional method to obtain oil. The cold-pressing procedure, involves neither heat nor chemical treatments, so cold press technique has low oil yield and cold pressed herbal material residue still contains some oil. In this study, the oil that is remained in the cold pressed aniseed extracted with hegzan and analysed to determine physicochemical properties and quality parameters. It is found that the aniseed after cold press process contains % 10 oil. Other analysis parametres free fatty acid (FFA) is 2,1 mgKOH/g, peroxide value is 7,6 meq02/kg. Cold pressed aniseed oil values are determined for fatty acid (FFA) value as 2,1 mgKOH/g, peroxide value 4,5 meq02/kg respectively. Also fatty acid composition is analysed, it is found that both of these oil have same fatty acid composition. The main fatty acids are; oleic, linoleic, and palmitic acids. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aniseed%20oil" title="aniseed oil">aniseed oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold%20press" title=" cold press"> cold press</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction" title=" extraction"> extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residue" title=" residue"> residue</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37167/comparison-physicochemical-properties-of-hexane-extracted-aniseed-oil-from-cold-press-extraction-residue-and-cold-press-aniseed-oil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37167.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28371</span> Diversity and Structure of Trichoptera Communities and Water Quality Variables in Streams, Northern Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Prommi">T. Prommi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Thamsenanupap"> P. Thamsenanupap</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The influence of physicochemical water quality parameters on the abundance and diversity of caddisfly larvae was studied in seven sampling stations in Mae Tao and Mae Ku watersheds, Mae Sot District, Tak Province, northern Thailand. The streams: MK2 and MK8 as reference site, and impacted streams (MT1-MT5) were sampled bi-monthly during July 2011 to May 2012. A total of 4,584 individual of caddisfly larvae belonging to 10 family and 17 genera were found. The larvae of family Hydropsychidae were the most abundance, followed by Philopotamidae, Odontoceridae, and Leptoceridae, respectively. The genus Cheumatopsyche, Hydropsyche, and Chimarra were the most abundance genera in this study. Results of CCA ordination showed the total dissolved solids, sulfate, water temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH were the most important physicochemical factors to affect distribution of caddisflies communities. Changes in the caddisfly fauna may indicate changes in physicochemical factors owing to agricultural pollution, urbanization, or other human activities. Results revealed that the order Trichoptera, identified to species or genus, can be potentially used to assess environmental water quality status in freshwater ecosystems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caddisfly%20larvae" title="Caddisfly larvae">Caddisfly larvae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20variables" title=" environmental variables"> environmental variables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversity" title=" diversity"> diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=streams" title=" streams"> streams</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28680/diversity-and-structure-of-trichoptera-communities-and-water-quality-variables-in-streams-northern-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28680.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28370</span> Effect of Gamma Irradiation on the Physicochemical Properties of Starches Extracted from Newly Released Rice Varieties Grown in North Temperate Regions of India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bilal%20Ahmad%20Ashwar">Bilal Ahmad Ashwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asima%20Shah"> Asima Shah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Rather"> S. A. Rather</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asir%20Gani"> Asir Gani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.M.%20Wani"> S.M. Wani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.D.%20Wani"> I.D. Wani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20A.%20Masoodi"> F. A. Masoodi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adil%20Gani"> Adil Gani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Starches isolated from two newly released rice varieties (K-322 & K-448) were subject to irradiation at 0, 5, 10, and 20 kGy doses. Comparative study between native (not irradiated) and irradiated starch samples was carried out to evaluate the changes in physicochemical, morphological and pasting properties due to gamma irradiation. Significant decrease was found in apparent amylose content, pH, swelling power, syneresis, and pasting properties, whereas carboxyl content, water absorption capacity, transmittance and solubility were found to increase with the increase in irradiation dose. Granule morphology of native and irradiated starches under scanning electron microscope revealed that granules were polygonal or irregular in shape. The starch granules were somewhat deformed by gamma irradiation. X-ray diffraction pattern showed A type of pattern in native as well as irradiated starches. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20starch" title="rice starch">rice starch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20irradiation" title=" gamma irradiation"> gamma irradiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphological%20properties" title=" morphological properties"> morphological properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pasting%20properties" title=" pasting properties"> pasting properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physicochemical%20properties." title=" physicochemical properties."> physicochemical properties.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2683/effect-of-gamma-irradiation-on-the-physicochemical-properties-of-starches-extracted-from-newly-released-rice-varieties-grown-in-north-temperate-regions-of-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2683.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">474</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28369</span> Physicochemical and Antioxidative Characteristics of Black Bean Protein Hydrolysates Obtained from Different Enzymes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhaojun%20Zheng">Zhaojun Zheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuanfa%20Liu"> Yuanfa Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiaxin%20Li"> Jiaxin Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinwei%20Li"> Jinwei Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong-jiang%20Xu"> Yong-jiang Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen%20Cao"> Chen Cao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Black bean is an excellent protein source for preparing hydrolysates, which attract much attention due to their biological activity. The objective of this study was to characterize the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of black bean protein, hydrolyzed by ficin, bromelain or alcalase until 300 min of hydrolysis. Results showed that bromelain and alcalase hydrolysates possessed a higher degree of hydrolysis (DH) than that of ficin, thereby presenting different ultraviolet absorption, fluorescence intensity, and circular dichroism. Moreover, all hydrolysates possessed the capacity to scavenge DPPH radical with the lowest IC₅₀ of 21.11 µg/mL, as well as to chelate ferrous ion (Fe²⁺) with the IC₅₀ values ranging from 6.82 to 30.68 µg/mL. Intriguingly, the oxidation of linoleic acid, sunflower oil, and sunflower oil-in-water emulsion was remarkedly retarded by the three selected protein hydrolysates, especially by bromelain-treated protein hydrolysate, which might attribute to their high hydrophobicity and emulsifying properties. These findings can provide strong support for black bean protein hydrolysates to be employed in food products acting as natural antioxidant alternatives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title="antioxidant activity">antioxidant activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20bean%20protein%20hydrolysate" title=" black bean protein hydrolysate"> black bean protein hydrolysate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emulsion%20physicochemical%20properties" title=" emulsion physicochemical properties"> emulsion physicochemical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sunflower%20oil" title=" sunflower oil"> sunflower oil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105885/physicochemical-and-antioxidative-characteristics-of-black-bean-protein-hydrolysates-obtained-from-different-enzymes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105885.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28368</span> Statistical Pattern Recognition for Biotechnological Process Characterization Based on High Resolution Mass Spectrometry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Fr%C3%B6hlich">S. Fröhlich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Herold"> M. Herold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Allmer"> M. Allmer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Early stage quantitative analysis of host cell protein (HCP) variations is challenging yet necessary for comprehensive bioprocess development. High resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) provides a high-end technology for accurate identification alongside with quantitative information. Hereby we describe a flexible HRMS assay platform to quantify HCPs relevant in microbial expression systems such as E. Coli in both up and downstream development by means of MVDA tools. Cell pellets were lysed and proteins extracted, purified samples not further treated before applying the SMART tryptic digest kit. Peptides separation was optimized using an RP-UHPLC separation platform. HRMS-MSMS analysis was conducted on an Orbitrap Velos Elite applying CID. Quantification was performed label-free taking into account ionization properties and physicochemical peptide similarities. Results were analyzed using SIEVE 2.0 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and SIMCA (Umetrics AG). The developed HRMS platform was applied to an E. Coli expression set with varying productivity and the corresponding downstream process. Selected HCPs were successfully quantified within the fmol range. Analysing HCP networks based on pattern analysis facilitated low level quantification and enhanced validity. This approach is of high relevance for high-throughput screening experiments during upstream development, e.g. for titer determination, dynamic HCP network analysis or product characterization. Considering the downstream purification process, physicochemical clustering of identified HCPs is of relevance to adjust buffer conditions accordingly. However, the technology provides an innovative approach for label-free MS based quantification relying on statistical pattern analysis and comparison. Absolute quantification based on physicochemical properties and peptide similarity score provides a technological approach without the need of sophisticated sample preparation strategies and is therefore proven to be straightforward, sensitive and highly reproducible in terms of product characterization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20analytical%20technology" title="process analytical technology">process analytical technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20spectrometry" title=" mass spectrometry"> mass spectrometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20characterization" title=" process characterization"> process characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MVDA" title=" MVDA"> MVDA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pattern%20recognition" title=" pattern recognition"> pattern recognition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70053/statistical-pattern-recognition-for-biotechnological-process-characterization-based-on-high-resolution-mass-spectrometry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70053.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28367</span> Microorganism and Laurus nobilis from Mascara - Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karima%20Oldyerou">Karima Oldyerou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Meddah"> B. Meddah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Tirtouil"> A. Tirtouil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Laurusnobilis is an aromatic plant, common in Algeria and widely used by local people as a source of spice and for medicinal purposes. The essential oil of this plant is the subject of this work in a physicochemical and microbiological study. The extraction of the essential oil was carried by steam distillation and the highest yield (1.5%) was determined in May. The organoleptic and physico-chemical characters are consistent with those obtained in the literature with some differences that can be attributed to certain factors. Evaluation of antibacterial activity showed a sensitivity of Salmonella spp. with an MIC of 2,5 mg.ml-1, and other bacteria of the intestinal flora of Wistar rats: E. coli and Lactobacillus sp. have a high potential for resistance with MICs respectively equal to 10 and 20 mg.ml-1. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laurus%20nobilis" title="laurus nobilis">laurus nobilis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oil" title=" essential oil"> essential oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physicochemical%20character" title=" physicochemical character"> physicochemical character</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MIC" title=" MIC"> MIC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intestinal%20flora" title=" intestinal flora"> intestinal flora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial%20activity" title=" antibacterial activity"> antibacterial activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41998/microorganism-and-laurus-nobilis-from-mascara-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41998.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28366</span> Metagenomic Assessment of the Effects of Genetically Modified Crops on Microbial Ecology and Physicochemical Properties of Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Falana%20Yetunde%20Olaitan">Falana Yetunde Olaitan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ijah%20%20U.%20J.%20J"> Ijah U. J. J</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solebo%20Shakirat%20O."> Solebo Shakirat O.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Genetically modified crops are already phenomenally successful and are grown worldwide in more than eighteen countries on more than 67 million hectares. Nigeria, in October 2018, approved Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton and maize; therefore, the need to carry out environmental risk assessment studies. A total of 15 4L octagonal ceramic pots were filled with 4kg of soil and placed on the bench in 2 rows of 10 pots each and the 3rd row of 5 pots, 1st-row pots were used to plant GM cotton seeds, while the 2nd-row pots were used for non-GM cotton seeds and the 3rd row of 5 pots served as control, all in the screen house. Soil samples for metagenomic DNA extraction were collected at random and at the monthly interval after planting at a distance of 2mm from the plant’s root and at a depth of 10cm using a sterile spatula. Soil samples for physicochemical analysis were collected before planting and after harvesting the GM and non-GM crops as well as from the control soil. The DNA was extracted, quantified and sequenced; Sample 1A (DNA from GM cotton Soil at 1st interval) gave the lowest sequence read with 0.853M while sample 2B (DNA from GM cotton Soil at 2nd interval) gave the highest with 5.785M, others gave between 1.8M and 4.7M. The samples treatment were grouped into four, Group 1 (GM cotton soil from 1 to 3 intervals) had between 800,000 and 5,700,000 strains of microbes (SOM), Group 2 (non GM cotton soil from 1 to 3 intervals) had between 1,400,600 and 4,200,000 SOM, Group 3 (control soil) had between 900,000 and 3,600,000 SOM and Group 4 (initial soil) had between 3,700,000 and 4,000,000 SOM. The microbes observed were predominantly bacteria (including archaea), fungi, dark matter alongside protists and phages. The predominant bacterial groups were the Terrabacteria (Bacillus funiculus, Bacillus sp.), the Proteobacteria (Microvirga massiliensis, sphingomonas sp.) and the Archaea (Nitrososphaera sp.), while the fungi were Aspergillus fischeri and Fusarium falciforme. The comparative analysis between groups was done using JACCARD PERMANOVA beta diversity analysis at P-value not more than 0.76 and there was no significant pair found. The pH for initial, GM cotton, non-GM cotton and control soil were 6.28, 6.26, 7.25, 8.26 and the percentage moisture was 0.63, 0.78, 0.89 and 0.82, respectively, while the percentage Nitrogen was observed to be 17.79, 1.14, 1.10 and 0.56 respectively. Other parameters include, varying concentrations of Potassium (0.46, 1,284.47, 1,785.48, 1,252.83 mg/kg) and Phosphorus (18.76, 17.76, 16.87, 15.23 mg/kg) were recorded for the four treatments respectively. The soil consisted mainly of silt (32.09 to 34.66%) and clay (58.89 to 60.23%), reflecting the soil texture as silty – clay. The results were then tested with ANOVA at less than 0.05 P-value and no pair was found to be significant as well. The results suggest that the GM crops have no significant effect on microbial ecology and physicochemical properties of the soil and, in turn, no direct or indirect effects on human health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetically%20modified%20crop" title="genetically modified crop">genetically modified crop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20ecology" title=" microbial ecology"> microbial ecology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physicochemical%20properties" title=" physicochemical properties"> physicochemical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metagenomics" title=" metagenomics"> metagenomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA" title=" DNA"> DNA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144917/metagenomic-assessment-of-the-effects-of-genetically-modified-crops-on-microbial-ecology-and-physicochemical-properties-of-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144917.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28365</span> Comparative Studies of Modified Clay/Polyaniline Nanocomposites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatima%20Zohra%20Zeggai">Fatima Zohra Zeggai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benjamin%20Carbonnier"> Benjamin Carbonnier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A%C3%AFcha%20Hachemaoui"> Aïcha Hachemaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Yahiaoui"> Ahmed Yahiaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samia%20Mahouche-Chergui"> Samia Mahouche-Chergui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zakaria%20Salmi"> Zakaria Salmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A series of polyaniline (PANI)/modified Montmorillonite (MMT) Clay nanocomposite materials have been successfully prepared by In-Situ polymerization in the presence of modified MMT-Clay or Diazonium-MMT-Clay. The obtained nanocomposites were characterized and compared by various physicochemical techniques. The presence of physicochemical interaction, probably hydrogen bonding, between clay and polyaniline, which was confirmed by FTIR, UV-Vis Spectroscopy. The electrical conductivity of neat PANI and a series of the obtained nanocomposites were also studied by cyclic voltammograms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyaniline" title="polyaniline">polyaniline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay" title=" clay"> clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposites" title=" nanocomposites"> nanocomposites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-situ%20polymerization" title=" in-situ polymerization"> in-situ polymerization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymers%20conductors" title=" polymers conductors"> polymers conductors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diazonium%20salt" title=" diazonium salt"> diazonium salt</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17853/comparative-studies-of-modified-claypolyaniline-nanocomposites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17853.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">474</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28364</span> Physico-Chemical and Sensory Properties of Orange Marmalade Supplemented with Aloe vera Powder</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhat%20Rashid">Farhat Rashid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A study was conducted at the Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan, to evaluate the effect of different concentration of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Mill.) powder on physicochemical and sensory properties of orange marmalade. All treatments (0, 2, 4 6, 8 and 10% Aloe vera powder) were analyzed for titratable acidity, TSS, pH, moisture, fat, fiber and protein contents. The data indicated gradual increase in titratable acidity (0.08 to 0.18%), moisture (0.23 to 0.48%), protein (0.09 to 0.40%) and fiber (0.12 to 1.03%) among all treatments with increasing concentration of Aloe vera powder. However, a decreasing trend in pH (3.81 to 2.74), TSS (68 to 56 °Brix) and fat content (1.1 to 0.08%) was noticed with gradual increase in concentration of Aloe vera powder in orange marmalade. Sensory attributes like color, taste, texture, flavor and overall acceptability were found acceptable among all treatments but T1 (2% Aloe vera powder) was liked most and T5 (10% Aloe vera powder) was least appealing to the judges. It is concluded from present study that the addition of different concentrations of Aloe vera powder in orange marmalade significantly affected the physicochemical and sensory properties of marmalade. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orange%20marmalade" title="orange marmalade">orange marmalade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aloe%20vera" title=" Aloe vera"> Aloe vera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aloe%20barbadensis%20mill" title=" Aloe barbadensis mill"> Aloe barbadensis mill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physicochemical" title=" physicochemical"> physicochemical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characteristics" title=" characteristics"> characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organoleptic%20properties" title=" organoleptic properties"> organoleptic properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=treatments" title=" treatments"> treatments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=significance" title=" significance"> significance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39548/physico-chemical-and-sensory-properties-of-orange-marmalade-supplemented-with-aloe-vera-powder" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39548.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28363</span> Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Extracts and Fractions from Phyllanthus amarus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Van%20Tang%20Nguyen">Van Tang Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jennette%20A.%20Sakoff"> Jennette A. Sakoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20J.%20Scarlett"> Christopher J. Scarlett</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Phyllanthus amarus (P. amarus) has been used as a traditional herbal plant for the treatment of chronic ailments such as hepatitis, diabetes and cancer. The objectives of this study were to determine the physicochemical properties, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of crude P. amarus extracts and fractions using MTT and CCK-8 assays for cytotoxic evaluation. The outcomes indicated that P. amarus methanol (PAM) extract had lower residual moisture (7.40%) and water activity (0.24) and higher contents of saponins, phenolics, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins (1657.86 mg escin equivalents, 250.45 mg gallic acid equivalents, 274.73 mg rutin equivalents and 61.22 mg catechin equivalents/g dried extract, respectively) than those of P. amarus water (PAW) extract, resulting antioxidant activity of PAM extract was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of PAW extract, PAM fractions and phyllanthin (a major compound in P. amarus). Cytotoxic activity of PAM extract for cancer cell lines of MiaPaCa-2 (pancreas), HT29 (colon), A2780 (ovarian), H460 (lung), A431 (skin), Du145 (prostate), BE2-C (neuroblastoma), MCF-7 (breast), MCF-10A (normal breast), and U87, SJ-G2, SMA (glioblastoma) was higher than those of PAW extract and PAM fractions. Therefore, we can conclude that the PA extracts are a potential source for the development of natural antioxidant products and/or novel anticancer drugs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title="antioxidant">antioxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytotoxicity" title=" cytotoxicity"> cytotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phyllanthus%20amarus" title=" Phyllanthus amarus"> Phyllanthus amarus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physicochemical" title=" physicochemical"> physicochemical</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71865/physicochemical-properties-antioxidant-and-cytotoxic-activities-of-extracts-and-fractions-from-phyllanthus-amarus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71865.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28362</span> Network Analysis to Reveal Microbial Community Dynamics in the Coral Reef Ocean</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keigo%20Ide">Keigo Ide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toru%20Maruyama"> Toru Maruyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michihiro%20Ito"> Michihiro Ito</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroyuki%20Fujimura"> Hiroyuki Fujimura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoshikatu%20Nakano"> Yoshikatu Nakano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shoichiro%20Suda"> Shoichiro Suda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sachiyo%20Aburatani"> Sachiyo Aburatani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haruko%20Takeyama"> Haruko Takeyama</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Understanding environmental system is one of the important tasks. In recent years, conservation of coral environments has been focused for biodiversity issues. The damage of coral reef under environmental impacts has been observed worldwide. However, the casual relationship between damage of coral and environmental impacts has not been clearly understood. On the other hand, structure/diversity of marine bacterial community may be relatively robust under the certain strength of environmental impact. To evaluate the coral environment conditions, it is necessary to investigate relationship between marine bacterial composition in coral reef and environmental factors. In this study, the Time Scale Network Analysis was developed and applied to analyze the marine environmental data for investigating the relationship among coral, bacterial community compositions and environmental factors. Seawater samples were collected fifteen times from November 2014 to May 2016 at two locations, Ishikawabaru and South of Sesoko in Sesoko Island, Okinawa. The physicochemical factors such as temperature, photosynthetic active radiation, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, pH, salinity, chlorophyll, dissolved organic matter and depth were measured at the coral reef area. Metagenome and metatranscriptome in seawater of coral reef were analyzed as the biological factors. Metagenome data was used to clarify marine bacterial community composition. In addition, functional gene composition was estimated from metatranscriptome. For speculating the relationships between physicochemical and biological factors, cross-correlation analysis was applied to time scale data. Even though cross-correlation coefficients usually include the time precedence information, it also included indirect interactions between the variables. To elucidate the direct regulations between both factors, partial correlation coefficients were combined with cross correlation. This analysis was performed against all parameters such as the bacterial composition, the functional gene composition and the physicochemical factors. As the results, time scale network analysis revealed the direct regulation of seawater temperature by photosynthetic active radiation. In addition, concentration of dissolved oxygen regulated the value of chlorophyll. Some reasonable regulatory relationships between environmental factors indicate some part of mechanisms in coral reef area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coral%20environment" title="coral environment">coral environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20microbiology" title=" marine microbiology"> marine microbiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20analysis" title=" network analysis"> network analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=omics%20data%20analysis" title=" omics data analysis"> omics data analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65639/network-analysis-to-reveal-microbial-community-dynamics-in-the-coral-reef-ocean" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65639.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">254</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28361</span> Physicochemical Analysis of Ground Water of Selected Areas of Oji River in Enugu State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Akpagu%20Francis">C. Akpagu Francis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Nnamani%20Emmanuel"> V. Nnamani Emmanuel </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Drinking and use of polluted water from ponds, rivers, lakes, etc. for other domestic activities especially by the larger population in the rural areas has been a major source of health problems to man. A study was carried out in two different ponds in Oji River, Enugu State of Nigeria to determine the extent of total dissolved solid (TDS), metals (lead, cadmium, iron, zinc, manganese, calcium), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Samples of water were collected from two different ponds at a distance of 510, and 15 metres from the point of entry into the ponds to fetch water. From the results obtained, TDS (751.6Mg/l), turbidity (24ftu), conductivity (1193µs/cm), cadmium (0.008Mg/l) and lead (0.03mg/t) in pond A (PA) were found to have exceeded the WHO standard. Also in pond B (PB) the results shows that TDS (760.30Mg/l), turbidity (26ftu), conductivity (1195µs/cm), cadmium (0.008mg/l) and lead (0.03Mg/l) were also found to have exceeded the WHO standard which makes the two ponds. Water very unsafe for drinking and use in other domestic activities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physicochemical" title="physicochemical">physicochemical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater" title=" groundwater"> groundwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oji%20River" title=" Oji River"> Oji River</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18617/physicochemical-analysis-of-ground-water-of-selected-areas-of-oji-river-in-enugu-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18617.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">461</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28360</span> Study on Preparation and Storage of Jam Incorporating Carrots (Dacus Carrota), Banana (Musa Acuminata) and Lime (Citrus Aurantifola)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Premakumar">K. Premakumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20S.%20Rushani"> D. S. Rushani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20N.%20Hettiarachchi"> H. N. Hettiarachchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The production and consumption of preserved foods have gained much importance due to globalization, and they provide a health benefit apart from the basic nutritional functions. Therefore, a study was conducted to develop a jam incorporating carrot, banana, and lime. Considering the findings of several preliminary studies, five formulations of the jam were prepared by blending different percentages of carrot and banana including control (where the only carrot was added). The freshly prepared formulations were subjected to physicochemical and sensory analysis.Physico-Chemical parameters such as pH, TSS, titrable acidity, ascorbic acid content, total sugar and non-reducing sugar and organoleptic qualities such as colour, aroma, taste, spread ability and overall acceptability and microbial analysis (total plate count) were analyzed after formulations. Physico-Chemical Analysis of the freshly prepared Carrot –Banana Blend jam showed increasing trend in titrable acidity (from 0.8 to 0.96, as % of citric acid), TSS (from 70.05 to 67.5 0Brix), ascorbic acid content (from 0.83 to 11.465 mg/100ml), reducing sugar (from 15.64 to 20.553%) with increase in carrot pulp from 50 to 100%. pH, total sugar, and non-reducing sugar were also reduced when carrot concentration is increased. Five points hedonic scale was used to evaluate the organoleptic characters. According to Duncan's Multiple Range Test, the mean scores for all the assessed sensory characters varied significantly (p<0.05) in the freshly made carrot-banana blend jam formulations. Based on the physicochemical and sensory analysis, the most preferred carrot: banana combinations of 50:50, 100:0 and 80:20 (T1, T2, and T5) were selected for storage studies.The formulations were stored at 300 °C room temperature and 70-75% of RH for 12 weeks. The physicochemical characteristics were measured at two weeks interval during storage. The decreasing trends in pH and ascorbic acid and an increasing trend in TSS, titrable acidity, total sugar, reducing sugar and non-reducing sugar were noted with advancement of storage periods of 12 weeks. The results of the chemical analysis showed that there were significance differences (p<0.05) between the tested formulations. Sensory evaluation was done for carrot –banana blends jam after a period of 12 weeks through a panel of 16 semi-trained panelists. The sensory analysis showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) for organoleptic characters between carrot-banana blend jam formulations. The highest overall acceptability was observed in formulation with 80% carrot and 20% banana pulp. Microbiological Analysis was carried out on the day of preparation, 1 month, 2 months and 3 months after preparation. No bacterial growth was observed in the freshly made carrot -banana blend jam. There were no counts of yeast and moulds and coliforms in all treatments after the heat treatments and during the storage period. Only the bacterial counts (Total Plate Counts) were observed after three months of storage below the critical level, and all formulations were microbiologically safe for consumption. Based on the results of physio-chemical characteristics, sensory attributes, and microbial test, the carrot –banana blend jam with 80% carrot and 20% banana (T2) was selected as best formulation and could be stored up to 12 weeks without any significant changes in the quality characteristics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formulations" title="formulations">formulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physicochemical%20parameters" title=" physicochemical parameters"> physicochemical parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbiological%20analysis" title=" microbiological analysis"> microbiological analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensory%20evaluation" title=" sensory evaluation"> sensory evaluation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59580/study-on-preparation-and-storage-of-jam-incorporating-carrots-dacus-carrota-banana-musa-acuminata-and-lime-citrus-aurantifola" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59580.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">204</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28359</span> Change of Physicochemical Properties of Grain in the Germination of Chickpea Grain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mira%20Zhonyssova">Mira Zhonyssova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurlaym%20Ongarbayeva"> Nurlaym Ongarbayeva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makpal%20Atykhanova"> Makpal Atykhanova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indicators of quality of grain chickpeas, the absorption of water different temperatures by grain chickpeas studied. Organoleptic and physicochemical changes in the germination of chickpeas studied. The total time of the duration of germination of chickpea grain is determined. As a result of the analysis of experimental data, it was found that the germination time at which the chickpea sprout length was 0.5- 3 mm varies from 21 to 25 hours. The change in the volume of chickpea grain during germination was investigated. It was found that in the first 2 hours the volume of chickpeas changes slightly – by 38%. This is due to the process of adsorption of water to a critical state. From 2 to 9 hours, the process of swelling of chickpea grain is observed – the vital activity of cells increases, enzymatic systems become active, the respiratory coefficient increases; gibberellin, stimulating the formation of a number of enzymes, is released. During this period, there is a sharp increase in the volume of chickpea grains – up to 138%. From 9 to 19 hours, “sprouting” of chickpea grains is observed, no morphological changes occur in the corcule – the grain volume remains at 138%. From 19 hours, the grain growth process begins, while the grain volume increases by 143%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chickpea" title="chickpea">chickpea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seeds" title=" seeds"> seeds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legumes" title=" legumes"> legumes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=germination" title=" germination"> germination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physic-chemical%20properties" title=" physic-chemical properties"> physic-chemical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181047/change-of-physicochemical-properties-of-grain-in-the-germination-of-chickpea-grain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181047.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">58</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28358</span> Evaluation of the Potability Qualities of Pretreated Distilled Water Produced from Biomass Fuelled Water Distiller</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20I.%20Oluwasola">E. I. Oluwasola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20A.%20V.%20Famurewa"> J. A. V. Famurewa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Aboloma"> R. Aboloma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Adesina"> K. Adesina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water samples with pretreatment and without pretreatment were obtained from locally constructed biomass fuelled stainless steel water distiller. The water samples were subjected to Microbial, Physicochemical and Minerals analyses for comparison with NAFDAC and WHO Standards for potable water. The results of the physicochemical and microbiological properties of the raw water(A), and the two distilled water samples (B; distill water without pretreatment) and (C; distill water with pretreatment) showed reduction in most of the quality parameters evaluated in the distilled water samples to the level that conforms to the W.H.O standards for drinking water however, lower values were obtained for the pretreated distilled water sample. The values of 0.0016mg/l, 0.0052mg/l and 0.0528mg/l for the arsenic, chromium and lead content respectively in the raw water were within the permissible limit specified by WHO however; the values of cadmium (0.067mg/l) and mercury (0.0287mg/l) are above the maximum tolerable for drinking water thus, making the raw water unsafe for human consumption. Similarly, the high total plate count (278cfu /ml) and coliform count (1100/100ml) indicate that the raw water is potentially harmful while the distilled water samples showed nil coliform count and low total plate count (35cfu/ml,18cfu/ml) for B and C respectively making the distilled water microbiologically safer for human consumption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title="biomass">biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distillation" title=" distillation"> distillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral" title=" mineral"> mineral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potable" title=" potable"> potable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physicochemical" title=" physicochemical"> physicochemical</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20798/evaluation-of-the-potability-qualities-of-pretreated-distilled-water-produced-from-biomass-fuelled-water-distiller" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20798.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">496</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28357</span> Physicochemical and Microbiological Properties of Kefir, Kefir Yogurt and Chickpea Yogurt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuray%20G%C3%BCzeler">Nuray Güzeler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elif%20Ari"> Elif Ari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G%C3%B6zde%20Konuray"> Gözde Konuray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%87a%C4%9Fla%20%C3%96zbek"> Çağla Özbek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The consumption of functional foods is very common. For this reason, many products which are probiotic, prebiotic, energy reduced and fat reduced are developed. In this research, physicochemical and microbiological properties of functional kefir, kefir yogurt and chickpea yogurt were examined. For this purpose, pH values, titration acidities, viscosity values, water holding capacities, serum separation values, acetaldehyde contents, tyrosine contents, the count of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria count and mold-yeast counts were determined. As a result of performed analysis, the differences between titration acidities, serum separation values, water holding capacities, acetaldehyde and tyrosine contents of samples were statistically significant (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences on pH values, viscosities, and microbiological properties of samples (p > 0.05). Consequently industrial production of functional kefir yogurt and chickpea yogurt may be advised. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chickpea%20yogurt" title="chickpea yogurt">chickpea yogurt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kefir" title=" kefir"> kefir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kefir%20yogurt" title=" kefir yogurt"> kefir yogurt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=milk" title=" milk"> milk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71188/physicochemical-and-microbiological-properties-of-kefir-kefir-yogurt-and-chickpea-yogurt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71188.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28356</span> Assessment of Microbiological Status of Branded and Street Vended Ice-Cream Offered for Public Consumption: A Comparative Study in Tangail Municipality, Bangladesh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afroza%20Khatun">Afroza Khatun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masuma"> Masuma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Younus%20Mia"> Md. Younus Mia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamal%20Kanta%20Das"> Kamal Kanta Das</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Analysis of the microbial status and physicochemical parameters of some branded and street vended ice cream showed that total viable bacteria in branded ice cream ranged from 4.8×10³ to 1.10×10⁵ cfu/ml, and in street vended ice-cream ranged from 7.5×10⁴ to 1.6×10⁸ cfu/ml. Total coliform bacteria present up to 9.20×10³ cfu/ml in branded ice cream and 5.3×10³ to 9.6×10⁶ cfu/ml observed in street vended ice cream. Total E. coli were found to be present within a range from 0 to 4.5×10³ cfu/ml in branded and 4.1×10² to 7.5×10⁴ cfu/ml in street ice cream. The ranges of Staphylococcus aureus count were 1.8×10² to 2.9×10⁴ cfu/ml (branded) and 3.9×10⁴ to 7.9×10⁶ cfu/ml (street). The pH of both types of ice cream showed acidic to neutral conditions where the concentration of pH for branded ice cream was 5.5 to 6.9, as well as the value of pH in street ice cream, was 6.2 to 7.0. The range of Total soluble solids in several branded ice creams was 26 to 29%, and the value of TSS obtained in street-vended ice-creams ranged from 5 to 10%. The overall results of this research demonstrated that the microbial quality in all street ice creams exceeded the BSTI standard and exhibited lower quality than the industrially produced branded ice creams due to comparatively faulty manufacturing processes and poor hygiene practices. The presence of pathogenic microbes was also observed in branded ice creams which was quite alarming for public health. So it is suggested that the government authorized organization should conduct the proper monitoring system to ensure that both branded and street vended ice-creams are microbiologically safe to prevent public health hazards. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20safety" title="food safety">food safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbiological%20analysis" title=" microbiological analysis"> microbiological analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physicochemical" title=" physicochemical"> physicochemical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ice-cream" title=" ice-cream"> ice-cream</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20coli" title=" E. coli"> E. coli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Staphylococcus%20aureus" title=" Staphylococcus aureus"> Staphylococcus aureus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166809/assessment-of-microbiological-status-of-branded-and-street-vended-ice-cream-offered-for-public-consumption-a-comparative-study-in-tangail-municipality-bangladesh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166809.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28355</span> Correlation between the Larvae Density (Diptera: Culicidae) and Physicochemical Characteristics of Habitats in Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Hassan%20Nikookar">Seyed Hassan Nikookar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20Fazeli-Dinan"> Mahmoud Fazeli-Dinan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyyed%20Payman%20Ziapour"> Seyyed Payman Ziapour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad-Ali%20Enayati"> Ahmad-Ali Enayati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Mosquitoes look for all kinds of aquatic habitats for laying eggs. Characteristics of water habitats are important factors in determining whether a mosquito can survive and successfully completed their developmental stages. Physicochemical factors can display an important role in vector control programs. This investigate determined whether physicochemical factors differ between habitats can be effective in the larvae density in Mazandaran province. Methods: Larvae were collected by the standard dipper up to 350 ml for 15-20 minutes from fixed habitats in 16 villages of 30 townships, the specimens identified by morphological key. Water samples were collected during larval collection and were evaluated for temperature (°C), acidity (pH), turbidity (NTU), electrical conductivity (μS/cm), alkalinity (mg/l), total hardness (mg/l), nitrate (mg/l), chloride (mg/l), phosphate (mg/l), sulfate (mg/l) in selected habitats using standard methods. Spearman Correlation coefficient was used for analyze data. Results: Totally 7566 mosquito larvae of three genera and 15 species were collected of fixed habitats. Cx. pipiens was the dominant species except in villages of Tileno, Zavat, Asad Abad, Shah Mansur Mahale which An. maculipennis, Cx. torrentium were as the predominant species. Turbidity in Karat Koti, Chloride in Al Tappeh, nitrate, phosphate and sulfate in Chalmardi, electrical conductivity, alkalinity, total hardness in Komishan villages were significantly higher than other villages (P < 0.05). There were a significant positive correlation between Cx. pipiens and Electrical conductivity, Alkalinity, Total hardness, Chloride, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and Chloride, whereas a significant negative correlation observed between Sulfate and Cx. perexiguss. Conclusion: The correlations observed between physicochemical factor and larval density, possibly can confirm the effect of these parameters on the breeding activities of mosquitoes, and could probability facilitate larval control programs by the handwork of such factors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anopheles" title="anopheles">anopheles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culex" title=" culex"> culex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culiseta" title=" culiseta"> culiseta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physicochemical" title=" physicochemical"> physicochemical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=habitats" title=" habitats"> habitats</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=larvae%20density" title=" larvae density"> larvae density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlation" title=" correlation"> correlation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36549/correlation-between-the-larvae-density-diptera-culicidae-and-physicochemical-characteristics-of-habitats-in-mazandaran-province-northern-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36549.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28354</span> Exploring the Physicochemical and Quality Attributes of Potato Cultivars during Subsequent Storage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Atif%20Randhawa">Muhammad Atif Randhawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adnan%20Amjad"> Adnan Amjad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Nadeem"> Muhammad Nadeem </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Potato (Solanum tuberosum) popularly known as ‘the king of vegetables’, has emerged as fourth most important food crop after rice, wheat and maize. Potato contains carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins and antioxidants. The antioxidants of potatoes especially vitamin C helps in reducing cancer, cardiovascular diseases and high blood pressure by binding free radicals. Physical characteristics and some major chemical properties of potato tubers at fresh and stored stages were investigated. Two varieties of potatoes, Sante (V1) having white colour and Lal moti (V2) with red colour were stored for 3 months and analysis were performed after each month interval. Physical and chemical attributes including weight loss, sprouting, specific gravity, pH, total sugars (reducing and non-reducing sugars) and vitamin C were analyzed before and after storage. Value of weight loss at zero day was null but it increased to 6.45% after 90 days on average in both cultivars and sprouting increased gradually at the end of 90 days. Moreover total sugars were 3.10% at zero day but increased to 9.30% after 90 days. Ascorbic acid was decreased during storage from 17.49(mg/100g) to 3.79. Both varieties of potato were stored at 60C and 120C temperatures with 85% relative humidity in order to prolong their acceptability in the market. The storage conditions influence the potatoes quality and consequently their acceptability to consumer. The data was analyzed statistically and clarifies that total sugars, weight loss, sprouting and specific gravity increase during the storage period while ascorbic acid (Vit-C) and pH decreased. Among both varieties that were stored at 60C and 120C, Sante (V1) was better than Lal moti (V2) due to less physicochemical and quality changes at 60C as compared to store at 120C. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physicochemical" title="physicochemical">physicochemical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potato" title=" potato"> potato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20attributes" title=" quality attributes"> quality attributes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storage" title=" storage"> storage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41487/exploring-the-physicochemical-and-quality-attributes-of-potato-cultivars-during-subsequent-storage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41487.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28353</span> Physicochemical Stability of Pulse Spreads during Storage after Sous Vide Treatment and High Pressure Processing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asnate%20Kirse">Asnate Kirse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daina%20Karklina"> Daina Karklina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandra%20Muizniece-Brasava"> Sandra Muizniece-Brasava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruta%20Galoburda"> Ruta Galoburda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pulses are high in plant protein and dietary fiber, and contain slowly digestible starches. Innovative products from pulses could increase their consumption and benefit consumer health. This study was conducted to evaluate physicochemical stability of processed cowpea (<em>Vigna unguiculata</em> (L.) Walp. cv. Fradel) and maple pea (<em>Pisum sativum</em> var. <em>arvense</em> L. cv. Bruno) spreads at 5 °C temperature during 62-day storage. Physicochemical stability of pulse spreads was compared after <em>sous vide</em> treatment (80 °C/15 min) and high pressure processing (700 MPa/10 min/20 °C). Pulse spreads were made by homogenizing cooked pulses in a food processor together with salt, citric acid, oil, and bruschetta seasoning. A total of four different pulse spreads were studied: Cowpea spread without and with seasoning, maple pea spread without and with seasoning. Transparent PA/PE and light proof PET/ALU/PA/PP film pouches were used for packaging of pulse spreads under vacuum. The parameters investigated were pH, water activity and mass losses. Pulse spreads were tested on days 0, 15, 29, 42, 50, 57 and 62. The results showed that sous-vide treatment and high pressure processing had an insignificant influence on pH, water activity and mass losses after processing, irrespective of packaging material did not change (p>0.1). pH and water activity of sous-vide treated and high pressure processed pulse spreads in different packaging materials proved to be stable throughout the storage. Mass losses during storage accounted to 0.1% losses. Chosen sous-vide treatment and high pressure processing regimes and packaging materials are suitable to maintain consistent physicochemical quality of the new products during 62-day storage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cowpea" title="cowpea">cowpea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20packaging" title=" flexible packaging"> flexible packaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maple%20pea" title=" maple pea"> maple pea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20activity" title=" water activity"> water activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58664/physicochemical-stability-of-pulse-spreads-during-storage-after-sous-vide-treatment-and-high-pressure-processing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58664.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">282</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28352</span> Storage Influence on Physico-Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Jamun Drink Prepared From Two Types of Pulp</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Atif%20Randhawa">Muhammad Atif Randhawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahreen%20Akhtar"> Mahreen Akhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sidrah"> Sidrah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, Jamun (Syzygium cumini; Myrtaceae) drink enriched with jamun pulp and seed was assessed for different physicochemical parameters (titratable acidity, pH, TSS, ascorbic acid, and total sugars and reducing sugars) and phytochemical aspects at every 15 days interval till 60 days storage period. Jamun pulp both with seed and without seed were used at levels of 7, 10 and 13 percent to prepare jamun drink in six combinations; T1 (7% pulp without seed), T2 (10% pulp without seed), T3 (13% pulp without seed), T4 (7% pulp with seed), T5 (10% pulp with seed), T6 (13% pulp with seed). Storage period resulted decrease in pH (4.18 to 4.08) and ascorbic acid (21.92%) significantly along with phenolic contents (6.13 to 4.85g of GAE/kg) and antioxidant activity (70.68 to 48.62 percent) within treatments. All treatments showed significant increases in total sugars (11.59 to 11.80%), reducing sugars (2.30 to 2.50%), TSS (12.2 to 13.32 °B) and acidity (0.23% to 0.31%) during storage. Treatments T3, T5 and T6 showed best results in terms of all physicochemical parameters during storage. Statistically significant differences were obtained among sensory parameters as a function of pulp type and concentration, while treatment T5 (10% pulp with seed) obtained highest score (7.16) in terms of all sensory parameters. It can be concluded that nutrient rich jamun drink can be prepared as an attempt to add value to the underutilized jamun fruit of Pakistan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title="antioxidant activity">antioxidant activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamun%20beverage" title=" Jamun beverage"> Jamun beverage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physicochemical" title=" physicochemical"> physicochemical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storage" title=" storage"> storage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41444/storage-influence-on-physico-chemical-composition-and-antioxidant-activity-of-jamun-drink-prepared-from-two-types-of-pulp" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41444.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28351</span> Selective Synthesis of Pyrrolic Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotubes Its Physicochemical Properties and Application as Pd Nanoparticles Support</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20M.%20Ombaka">L. M. Ombaka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20S.%20Oosthuizen"> R. S. Oosthuizen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20G.%20Ndungu"> P. G. Ndungu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20O.%20Nyamori"> V. O. Nyamori</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Understanding the role of nitrogen species on the catalytic properties of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) as catalysts supports is critical as nitrogen species influence the support’s properties. To evaluate the influence of pyrrolic nitrogen on the physicochemical properties and catalytic activity of N-CNTs supported Pd (Pd/N-CNTs); N-CNTs containing varying pyrrolic contents were synthesized. The catalysts were characterised by the use of transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and temperature programmed reduction. TEM analysis showed that the Pd nanoparticles were mainly located along the defect sites on N-CNTs. XPS analysis revealed that the abundance of Pd0 decreased while that of Pd2+ increased as the quantity of pyrrolic nitrogen increased. The increase of Pd2+ species was accredited to the formation of stable Pd-N coordination complexes which prevented further reduction of Pd2+ to Pd0 during synthesis. The formed Pd-N complexes increased the stability and dispersion of Pd2+ nanoparticles. The selective hydrogenation of nitrobenzophenone to aminobenzophenone over Pd/N-CNTs was compared to that of Pd on carbon nanotubes (Pd/CNTs). Pd/N-CNTs showed a higher catalytic activity and selectivity compared with Pd/CNTs. Pyrrolic nitrogen functional groups significantly promoted the selectivity towards aminobenzophenone formation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrrolic%20N-CNTs" title="pyrrolic N-CNTs">pyrrolic N-CNTs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogenation%20reactions" title=" hydrogenation reactions"> hydrogenation reactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20vapour%20deposition%20technique" title=" chemical vapour deposition technique "> chemical vapour deposition technique </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19568/selective-synthesis-of-pyrrolic-nitrogen-doped-carbon-nanotubes-its-physicochemical-properties-and-application-as-pd-nanoparticles-support" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19568.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28350</span> The Effect of Gamma rays on Physicochemical Properties of Carboxymethyl Starch</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Rajeswara%20Rao">N. Rajeswara Rao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Venkatappa%20Rao"> T. Venkatappa Rao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Sowri%20Babu"> K. Sowri Babu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Srinivas%20Rao"> N. Srinivas Rao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20S.%20V.%20Shanmukhi"> P. S. V. Shanmukhi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Carboxymethyl Starch (CMS) is a biopolymer derived from starch by the substitution method. CMS is proclaimed to have improved physicochemical properties than native starch. The present work deals with the effect of gamma radiation on the physicochemical properties of CMS. The samples were exposed to gamma irradiation of doses 30, 60 and 90 kGy. The resultant properties were studied with electron spin resonance (ESR), fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy. Irradiation of CMS by gamma rays initiates cleavage of glucosidic bonds producing different types of radicals. Some of these radicals convert to peroxy radicals by abstracting oxygen. The ESR spectrum of CMS is anisotropic and is thought to be due to the superposition of various component spectra. In order to analyze the ESR spectrum, computer simulations were also employed. ESR spectra are also recorded under different conditions like post-irradiation times, variable temperatures and saturation behavior in order to evaluate the stability of free radicals produced on irradiation. Thermal studies from DSC depict that for CMS the gelatization process was absconded at higher doses. Relative crystallinity was reduced significantly after irradiation from XRD Studies. FTIR studies also confirm the same aspect. From ESR studies, it was concluded that irradiated CMS could be a potential reference material in ESR dosimetry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20rays" title="gamma rays">gamma rays</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20radicals" title=" free radicals"> free radicals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ESR%20simulations" title=" ESR simulations"> ESR simulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gelatization" title=" gelatization"> gelatization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115640/the-effect-of-gamma-rays-on-physicochemical-properties-of-carboxymethyl-starch" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115640.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> 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