CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91363fbadfa5ce11',cH: 'M_k90Q8XnbPOpBaKpu_lBJ2bUUGAnybHhZ5bY1kG25c-1739800252-1.2.1.1-n_4I20sockHSx5dGeU8.z0LvK2fHtd3ohColFHu52knml16xYwGsCxJq0jauiTHu',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Xu%20Zhang&__cf_chl_tk=Ms1z1mdjyaykQ4RRSYCEUwpFMLvzNdBG3dP4HDS2.Wk-1739800252-1.0.1.1-OnKTQQ0ttiSpxQ8baVhgengt08jXzI.2dho8ktBT0MU",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739800252',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Xu%20Zhang&__cf_chl_f_tk=Ms1z1mdjyaykQ4RRSYCEUwpFMLvzNdBG3dP4HDS2.Wk-1739800252-1.0.1.1-OnKTQQ0ttiSpxQ8baVhgengt08jXzI.2dho8ktBT0MU",md: "r3pqN9UQyMQdE8CiURedv6QwjnHJmSnhCrgU4eK7L0s-1739800252-1.2.1.1-TvnwGfM6hntiwad.ACbJJw9eSq4yPbP50um8HrCRD9pF00e_vSMc4dR.LGMlJMvK3s5GNefsb1tE8SIFTFRL5D_QLNTfbvhsEQXD0zlnETUBkyCpGYMh_W6WWVx7Yvrvt4guvLCfkRy5cbGanNwLikzGUMNcGwe78QbMxy6kZ1zgphLHf.JWSevtAhNQFm4GQHRrdlmQcvMTJ.e8_b0sEahYy4fCE.ffpIyzkNhg2jHLpfN43.dLB0pRso5scdd9WjzRJ4RDILP2k90Kkb29Utr.4iD3vgvq0F5K9OTMxHE9HUUPCVcxktVbLP1ZKI2EKGhus4T7weTIqq9r09zTxwZyY92za1R7wr7uTq67M5x95NrynJR0Q0i3P6RaNkkySngLa9rvewLa.ZSzuX2_x2Eo1ifsxQC1M8AWMt5EsP7F5Limsxzng8Bii8ZOgHOutHk0KMf3h1Wg3daLOQoj0AoMO5RNVYQjfFJSWdFNilP1YM14.h6p_rGNgTEEyecJzN.5Z4eJTJy5BPf_lIC1OfkYnWzPN3YOCSCuhNrFNhB_rUZ6vEthSwzAuaJ5UsIC9SisLiBYMfNFeRyS72eXUqqhmk46cPgc.7GFWXNaei54b1AesNNU63ZYc3uN5ndMVLbGI_Kz4vf4Z_ugTRaw5FYSA_jv.F0SqG.Q5kTMg6.hxq4FnE2qRKxqPtylCNyhFy8IBjBIcr.WHy7r58TAC_Oa.zJNMT9sv6V15Bh2iyrwWsc8NjTh5N0A4zK8PDuI6T7_NY.sHdGgmkKonWwNCpYPgffIUP9JO8izrSpNK94ylmz3awdal6pF3W0XihY92IMsZ_JM.B3I_Mr9cR.MA2.YLDgwImYM0ldjgmOTAlX4Wwoay0iwYtNttQeECLtGv7C3PDUd6_IjZfNWnF7AIaJtrXpi81jUVZ9brX1uP2C596_JEuvZwlTGMl_zd6VQU6a_BsjNxCLVKBqmtAP41WFgcbt970hNVAipzE9yjXSgX8duQs2aNTjqfmIFpLJhldSWTwTb4bG0Pgur3_Uo4.aRhrZ_i8u3FcGui6Y.I4zOwx3p8GUFZV1zduN.zZryEcU03Tz2iVakhmL5T9BIEeMWpjNVRzp0w2lU1fHAEBP_ZG2Unfu7slgoBKWWov5pMde.sGGbIhukJUkoVpInoUJw9HjeqgMQd7yvmBLSq.uZ5OfgFztAkq_G0KV5.bQpv7iv7NZUbplDJDguUCCkQVOnne_Mblh8BCt5gahaODJOg_LiZoSQUqIrOUD5n86oXpxPeokKYv6eZLDoKEvfAgT.E96GmEHdtMo9SF59wpmrxW17nBC8Jaoyqz5erCgcCIXDah3VFmGHm.Cp6RZNPUK86MELRX.34zKlCHb1OqTS5V7LO_y0JD6QVG1Lst.5WaxG822yYjOW8l9RLK4EZ3AAtlnjPQEYIQV5qax_axExt1BcttU1DXX9SqVHOSm8VvBkgX6P3mkfQZgnDiWCghTyMYNJeWHCmzKQ_6T12DZ1jz6ig1.5WbGg.Uu7wxhB0dIPn2VopJ_5aYJmXVakpgJigUEIbli2P6m6Yel48eiJZ6pAGyTITA.o.ruuWrDvjEfXJrqwTRQUdb1Ay_z1BFbuYlWmSxlq2RmVtwYsS1NYZAetaRz43kTcAyd7AMLfoSkaZSMqbc19MWwoiI_jtMX5BGNZySeZaznezazS5Rdz7LvQ.3tHG1j9i35kUxiT7yICBeyUb2uptcsq3BF7AnUwi1EPvQzvW5qYWepvFw04D7Z06xHKgpQJJfZhmY0SDT6w4nTttrpbqjJqAkRDsQT4t1BZjLFur.bB4FmPqH_AQksvTGOUzBE3G546Q0n0joxBVGwAWUICs5_n_PNHm3gMbMhtrNfhbOnlqoBGc0iQqqytuaVoRypdscRJiqOi3JxDdG7p3ROAvc1jguYv4A",mdrd: "GrqLW2UYVR4hQvYoh9Yuq.F.XGSxKwh3bfeiJApO7aw-1739800252-1.2.1.1-AzNmiNdiQy_raVYeeqpshtTdWWNsPzYyV0NAILd_BW1Ic.XdPk73nyUay971GV_ps_su361Ed7cyIESFX0FeqVO599RbeN9lOUAqD2QWqTzssYn92pfNnoz2HMkNgE58.Jxe1nsl3x3IpqVkKyEVbRXxZAODkp6R5cm_FcFOZCiJHessmkyYGO.3FzxttrrvpOWvyIII8yPpNu22cqxV0kz_Ye_JFD1dLNYGhT3opNhct9IyoGCjCjfXjxN2BfvKDyARdkJAPEIhGBn8SdI3hkFfk8mTgo0UdSKYwoEI1Z2nL7C9WJjj6cHRxyVT89phfDBnDG0Vlguj5dJtjJaxp_ep3VdSOjjATBd.DineEaaw_7g2jk..BQ9FAFv6sGSFe_u1ALOGKcgSPdYRMUwQLmXAvXB5OGsuH2g5sgDZJubOrv8eJSBTOkSM7boPuWEhvn1QDnlfBqLODUab7OmC0RnH9ED_dT_wVovJE8yub4FOZ33mQiBk_YBxvyRWdRl6Xqxu7lzprFmUv3zZxiSmVRNawAJigdTHw3M0BRCiRU95U3ResncQL8ENFL_LJ4eW91tnxTTp.Y7IbOSIl_uu19HjL5DbNRYJG_KWuUOMnzrukpsLWMnvM3fcnkk9bbIYl2SJR90fttPK3yeEyV5cDclNYCHZBcn31v2T4..Mr8ukW9V7PHt1fmX9TGQoAx8Tw_1DU6931QBqR48MNCbJM8g263ttN1wev2_G6R17SSiiEBP.Inh7LRS9eHFaMWHZFuYlm3PPDvcbjDFL0kfjziW5xId7FQj9.XGuFenwbTvqEESYXNRXCaI9aJwvG6k0BZ9IxeSZhyR7kKyXpzdqr9.2_JMzpFo.hWWZTZ7gcJh9u4Tp7m1UE305NLja.jePxK5H0QUrRlcF1lWB_X3zWt7FEuzh1xBcD7I1t5B1.ZekkIQRRhhT5_eyi6vJX841FL9c_7.B2sm9K_Lxm74Lr5oKVithS4jIOdCQzzhAadJJxf5buu9DsbS5AOj5O21YSUNoQPvKbY.3TNkiPHQ0RkfvDW6OHUm2Pvy7imJ2Xp9Xso9.ex6UZSG18EB4ZauUgz2.uWJjYV1wILTBZx2N8vYo3uQ20PR3FshMhWfTG0__PhiozjMGsMdWRELw189lK4eQ5m6MFpLWKmfBdfc1XG4Fi4wbQ.lvO7egJYr0U9KYOoU7aJImHuULEbfAK.jt0JLm2jm0jSl2u1zjPoYVnv1zdc0oXJCQOZofhX0BRUNb5mKrhtamKzFdxw8PaJ.l1RI37hUG3fN6kELrA7GFV9dHaU6nr5A5A_capysf4IEdrsq94Hu6nOlnRn91s94xQbnML6vMlR6fMJbiWxC_tisRU6KxCCO8BeHis60ZArm6AydXXObVVukKf2w6GehLu_yyRHTWe2s9H2JjoeYLng5HWcaxLcGSgaMrJlqm4bTmYj81oZkHIZCVwPS6f5zwhMDVfl6VzKxjqjHajcRC1uXU30SaCnoJ8UEbZa7pcXjb6xQPOkDYD0QtDpka4O3H.M.oUTFMuuzSICOz4TGj5MN8dxlEOjor9eyyHnzjDll1ZcPGJQXYRZQH21JMwZx2c8inySN3E3kkarwG2kYGXGnWoYGPUUwapaOM7VfM8tD5kWBs.eLAn9XJx8_5QXJZjVQF2gJXcjgtjb8oiTo70u_vvEInW_qZN_JKZYsNyroik0H4q8ctv5fEldPVjEGLOj6VmD9VMaaOuhMWIFOr3n0usMsXIWhIlPk65gK8XwTGZY6MuoEWQbCWqWrCVkBeJiICGJm4fU9YUzqicJXJe0Sd4i4KdmM2VY_ZC5pjnzEuq3HDjIPgUvNwvYkVAGNBOQFtBpxP5nwBDsKq5_kA3L0nfMyTkX2FkI1RUZNepJ_Ux3iVJI8y1YPtpK_waSDVeXPFm7qDvmuWT.n497rGIHLHK3xW5tmc10NwK2sTOuzwYfWVuEINn9_PdlhSS5nj"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91363fbadfa5ce11';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Xu%20Zhang&__cf_chl_rt_tk=Ms1z1mdjyaykQ4RRSYCEUwpFMLvzNdBG3dP4HDS2.Wk-1739800252-1.0.1.1-OnKTQQ0ttiSpxQ8baVhgengt08jXzI.2dho8ktBT0MU" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>