은하의 역사 | 은하 | 천체 | 천문학습관

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="ko">     <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta name="description" content=""> <meta name="author" content=""> <meta name="keyword" content=""> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/resources/images/favicon.ico"> <title> 은하의 역사 | 은하 | 천체 | 천문학습관 | 천문우주지식정보 </title> <link href="/resources/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="/resources/css/datepicker.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="/resources/css/common.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="/resources/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet">  <link href="/resources/css/fontawesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="/resources/css/print.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script type="text/javascript" src="/resources/js/jquery.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/resources/js/jquery.easing.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/resources/js/common.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/resources/js/nav.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/resources/js/content.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/resources/js/jquery.matchHeight-min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/resources/js/kasiSns.js"></script>   <link href="/resources/css/layout.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="/resources/css/contents-type.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="/resources/css/contents-board.css" rel="stylesheet">   <link href="/resources/css/kr_access.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script type="text/javascript"> (function(H){H.className=H.className.replace(/\bno-js\b/,'js')})(document.documentElement) </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/resources/js/common.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/resources/js/bbsCommon.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> //천문학습관_인코딩 변환 처리. function unicode2Utf ( param ) { //alert(param); var regExp = /\&#([0-9]*)/g; var result = param.match(regExp); var utf = ""; if ( result != null ) { for (var i=0; i<result.length; i++) { utf += String.fromCharCode(result[i].replace("&#", "")); } return utf; } } $(function(){ var menu_1_name = $('#location_wrap .location > div[class="dropdown"]').eq(0).find('a').find('span').text(); //var page_seq = '5201'; //천문학습관. if ( '천문학습관' == menu_1_name ) { //if ( page_seq > 5026 && page_seq < 6367 ) { //유니코드 변환처리. $('.content_wrap uni').each(function(){ $(this).text(unicode2Utf($(this).text())); }); $("table").each(function(){ var table_class = $(this).attr('class'); $(this).removeAttr('class'); $(this).prop('class','table tbl_cnt tbl_border'); if ( table_class != undefined && table_class.indexOf('tbl_border_none') > -1 ) { $(this).addClass('tbl_border_none'); } }); $("div[class^='lea_img'] img").each(function(index){ $(this).attr('data-toggle','modal'); $(this).attr('data-target','#lea_modal'+index); var img_alt = $(this).attr('alt'); if ( img_alt == undefined ) { img_alt = ''; $(this).attr('alt',''); } //img 클릭 시, 모달로 크게 보기. $("div[class='content_wrap']").append('<div class="modal lea_modal Submodal fade" id="lea_modal' + index + '" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"><div class="modal-dialog"><button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button><img src="' + $(this).attr('src') + '" alt="' + img_alt + '" /></div></div>'); }); } //파일 다운로드 $("a[downaftnm]:not(a[preview])").each(function(){ $(this).prop("href", "javascript:downLocation('" + $(this).attr('downaftnm') + "','" + $(this).attr('downbefnm') + "');"); $(this).prop("onkeypress", "this.onclick();"); $(this).removeAttr('downaftnm'); $(this).removeAttr('downbefnm'); $(this).removeAttr('target'); }); //파일 미리보기 $("a[preview]").each(function(){ $(this).prop("href", "javascript:filePreview('" + $(this).attr('downaftnm') + "','','/content/view');"); $(this).prop("onkeypress", "this.onclick();"); $(this).removeAttr('downaftnm'); $(this).removeAttr('downbefnm'); $(this).removeAttr('preview'); $(this).removeAttr('target'); }); }); </script> </head> <body>  <div id="accessibility"> <a href="#cont_skip">본문 바로가기</a> <a href="#header_wrap">메뉴바로가기</a> </div>   <div id="sub_wrap">  <script type="text/javascript" src="/resources/js/search/search.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function(){ if($(".depth_3").length || $(".tab").length || $(".step").length){ $(".depth_3 li a, .tab li a, .step li .cont").matchHeight({ byRow: true, property: 'height', target: null, remove: false }); } //메뉴 var navMenu = $("#nav li"), childUl = $('ul'); $.fn.showMenu = function() { return $(this).children(childUl).stop().addClass('on'); } $.fn.hideMenu = function() { return $(this).children(childUl).stop().removeClass('on'); } navMenu.mouseover($.fn.showMenu); navMenu.mouseleave($.fn.hideMenu); navMenu.focusin($.fn.showMenu); navMenu.next().focusin(function(){ $(this).siblings().children(childUl).stop().removeClass('on'); }); navMenu.next('li:last').focusout(function(){ navMenu.children(childUl).stop().removeClass('on'); }); // 서브메뉴 포커스 추가 $('.home>a').focus(function(){ $('div[class="location"] div:eq(1)>ul').hide(); }) $('div[class="location"] div:eq(1)>a').focus(function(){ $('div[class="location"] div:eq(1)>ul').show(); $('div[class="location"] div:eq(2)>ul').hide(); }) $('div[class="location"] div:eq(2)>a').focus(function(){ $('div[class="location"] div:eq(1)>ul').hide(); $('div[class="location"] div:eq(2)>ul').show(); $('div[class="location"] div:eq(3)>ul').hide(); }) $('div[class="location"] div:eq(3)>a').focus(function(){ $('div[class="location"] div:eq(2)>ul').hide(); $('div[class="location"] div:eq(3)>ul').show(); $('div[class="location"] div:eq(4)>ul').hide(); }) $('div[class="location"] div:eq(4)>a').focus(function(){ $('div[class="location"] div:eq(3)>ul').hide(); $('div[class="location"] div:eq(4)>ul').show(); }) $('.facebook').focus(function(){ $('div[class="location"] div:eq(2)>ul').hide(); $('div[class="location"] div:eq(3)>ul').hide(); $('div[class="location"] div:eq(4)>ul').hide(); }) $('a[href="#header_wrap"]').on('click',function(){ setTimeout(function(){ $('div[class="header grab"] nav ul li:eq(0) a:eq(0)').focus(); },0) }) $('a[href="#gnb"]').on('click',function(){ setTimeout(function(){ $('div[class="header grab"] nav ul li:eq(0) a:eq(0)').focus(); },0) }) }); </script>  <header id="header_wrap"> <div class="header grab"> <h1><a class="navbar-brand" href="/index"> <img src="/resources/images/main_logo.png" alt="KASI 한국천문연구원 천문우주지식정보" class="sub_logo"> <img src="/resources/images/main_logo.png" alt="KASI 한국천문연구원 천문우주지식정보" class="main_logo"> <img src="/resources/images/main_logo.png" alt="KASI 천문우주지식정보" class="sub_logo mobile_logo"> <img src="/resources/images/main_logo.png" alt="KASI 천문우주지식정보" class="sub_logo mobile_logo_w"> </a></h1> <nav id="gnb"> <h2 class="sr-only">주메뉴</h2> <a href='#' class="mobile-nav-link"></a> </nav>  <div class="header_btn"> <a href="#" title="통합검색 바로가기" class="search" id="btnSearch"><i class="glyphicon glyphicon-search"><span class="sr-only">검색</span></i></a> <a href="#none" title="사이트맵 바로가기" class="sitemap" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#siteMapModal"><i class="glyphicon glyphicon-menu-hamburger"><span class="sr-only">사이트맵</span></i></a> </div>  </div> <nav class="mobile_nav"> <div class="nav-menu"> <div class="top-btn"> <a href="#" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#siteMapModal" class="b_sitemap">사이트맵</a> <a href="/search/search" class="b_search">통합검색</a> </div> <div class="panel-group" id="accordion" role="tablist" aria-multiselectable="true"> <div class="depth1"> <a data-toggle="collapse" class="collapsed" role="tab" data-parent="#accordion" href="#depth1_1" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="depth1_1"> 생활천문관 </a> <div id="depth1_1" class="depth2 collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="depth1_1"> <div class="depth2_list"> <a href="/life/pageView/8">음양력변환계산</a> </div> <div class="depth2_list"> <a href="/life/pageView/5">월별 음양력</a> </div> <div class="depth2_list"> <div class="depth3"> <a data-toggle="collapse" role="tab" data-parent="#accordion" href="#depth1_03" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="depth1_03"> 달력자료(월력요항) </a> <div id="depth1_03" class="depth2 collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="depth1_03"> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/life/post/calendarData">달력자료</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/life/post/almanac">월력요항</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="depth2_list"> <a href="/life/pageView/9">일출일몰시각계산</a> </div> <div class="depth2_list"> <a href="/life/pageView/6">월별 해/달 출몰시각</a> </div> <div class="depth2_list"> <a href="/life/pageView/10">태양 고도/방위각계산</a> </div> <div class="depth2_list"> <a href="/life/pageView/7">월별 천문현상</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="depth1"> <a data-toggle="collapse" class="collapsed" role="tab" data-parent="#accordion" href="#depth1_2" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="depth1_2"> 천문학습관 </a> <div id="depth1_2" class="depth2 collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="depth1_2"> <div class="depth2_list"> <div class="depth3"> <a data-toggle="collapse" role="tab" data-parent="#accordion" href="#depth2_01" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="depth2_01"> 태양계 </a> <div id="depth2_01" class="depth2 collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="depth2_01"> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5108">태양계 개요</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5123">태양</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5132">수성</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5135">금성</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5138">지구</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5145">화성</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5148">목성</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5152">토성</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5157">천왕성</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5161">해왕성</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5165">왜소행성</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5168">소행성</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5172">혜성</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5175">유성</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5027">카이퍼 벨트</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5028">오르트 구름</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5178">우주천문학</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="depth2_list"> <div class="depth3"> <a data-toggle="collapse" role="tab" data-parent="#accordion" href="#depth2_02" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="depth2_02"> 일식 </a> <div id="depth2_02" class="depth2 collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="depth2_02"> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/6299">1991~2000</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/6189">2001~2010</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/6209">2011~2020</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/6233">2021~2030<span class="label">2025</span></a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/6255">2031~2040</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/6277">2041~2050</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="depth2_list"> <div class="depth3"> <a data-toggle="collapse" role="tab" data-parent="#accordion" href="#depth2_03" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="depth2_03"> 월식 </a> <div id="depth2_03" class="depth2 collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="depth2_03"> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5773">1951~1960</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5796">1961~1970</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5819">1971~1980</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5842">1981~1990</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5888">1991~2000</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5864">2001~2010</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5911">2011~2020</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5934">2021~2030<span class="label">2025</span></a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5956">2031~2040</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5979">2041~2050</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/6322">2051~2060</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/6345">2061~2070</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="depth2_list"> <div class="depth3"> <a data-toggle="collapse" role="tab" data-parent="#accordion" href="#depth2_04" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="depth2_04"> 천체 </a> <div id="depth2_04" class="depth2 collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="depth2_04"> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/6372">항성</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5198">성운과 성단</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5201">은하</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5038">메시에 목록</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="depth2_list"> <div class="depth3"> <a data-toggle="collapse" role="tab" data-parent="#accordion" href="#depth2_05" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="depth2_05"> 천체물리학 </a> <div id="depth2_05" class="depth2 collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="depth2_05"> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5204">행성의 거리</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5206">밝기</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5208">스펙트럼</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5042">색깔과 온도</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5209">별의 위치</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5214">별의 거리</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5224">천체역학</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5230">역학</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/6387">이론</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/6380">우주론</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5048">천문단위</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="depth2_list"> <div class="depth3"> <a data-toggle="collapse" role="tab" data-parent="#accordion" href="#depth2_06" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="depth2_06"> 우주탐사 </a> <div id="depth2_06" class="depth2 collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="depth2_06"> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5053">로켓의 발달</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5054">우주왕복선</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5258">태양계 탐사</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5262">외계행성 찾기</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5264">외계생명체 찾기</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="depth2_list"> <div class="depth3"> <a data-toggle="collapse" role="tab" data-parent="#accordion" href="#depth2_07" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="depth2_07"> 별자리 </a> <div id="depth2_07" class="depth2 collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="depth2_07"> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5058">별자리 기원</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5059">별자리 상식</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5267">북반구의 별자리</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5272">별자리 전설</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5324">별자리 구성</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5376">동양의 별자리</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="depth2_list"> <div class="depth3"> <a data-toggle="collapse" role="tab" data-parent="#accordion" href="#depth2_08" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="depth2_08"> 망원경 </a> <div id="depth2_08" class="depth2 collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="depth2_08"> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5064">역사</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5387">원리</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5390">종류</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5394">가대</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5396">활용</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5069">선택방법</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5402">관련부품</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/6388">국내천문대</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/6394">세계의 망원경</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/5384">고천문의기</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="depth2_list"> <div class="depth3"> <a data-toggle="collapse" role="tab" data-parent="#accordion" href="#depth2_09" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="depth2_09"> 천문우주 동영상 </a> <div id="depth2_09" class="depth2 collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="depth2_09"> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/post/educationVideo">천문우주 교육동영상</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/post/mediaGallery">별별우주동영상</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="depth2_list"> <a href="/learning/pageView/6384">천문학자</a> </div> <div class="depth2_list"> <div class="depth3"> <a data-toggle="collapse" role="tab" data-parent="#accordion" href="#depth2_011" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="depth2_011"> 논문 </a> <div id="depth2_011" class="depth2 collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="depth2_011"> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/1623">한국천문학회지</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/1628">한국우주과학회지</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/learning/pageView/6391">ADS 논문검색</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="depth1"> <a data-toggle="collapse" class="collapsed" role="tab" data-parent="#accordion" href="#depth1_3" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="depth1_3"> 천문기록관 </a> <div id="depth1_3" class="depth2 collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="depth1_3"> <div class="depth2_list"> <a href="/almanac/pageView/26">역서별</a> </div> <div class="depth2_list"> <a href="/almanac/pageView/27">연도별</a> </div> <div class="depth2_list"> <a href="/almanac/pageView/24">천문 기록 검색</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="depth1"> <a data-toggle="collapse" class="collapsed" role="tab" data-parent="#accordion" href="#depth1_4" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="depth1_4"> 공공데이터 </a> <div id="depth1_4" class="depth2 collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="depth1_4"> <div class="depth2_list"> <div class="depth3"> <a data-toggle="collapse" role="tab" data-parent="#accordion" href="#depth4_01" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="depth4_01"> 은하중심 24시 </a> <div id="depth4_01" class="depth2 collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="depth4_01"> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/publicdata/pageView/6438">고밀도 연속관측 데이터</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/publicdata/pageView/6439">KMTNet 데이터 받기</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/publicdata/pageView/6440">데이터 가공사례</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="depth2_list"> <div class="depth3"> <a data-toggle="collapse" role="tab" data-parent="#accordion" href="#depth4_02" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="depth4_02"> 우리의 별 태양 </a> <div id="depth4_02" class="depth2 collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="depth4_02"> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/publicdata/pageView/6441">태양의 물리적 특징</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/publicdata/pageView/6442">태양데이터</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/publicdata/pageView/6443">데이터 활용하기</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="depth2_list"> <div class="depth3"> <a data-toggle="collapse" role="tab" data-parent="#accordion" href="#depth4_03" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="depth4_03"> 우주로부터의 라디오 방송 </a> <div id="depth4_03" class="depth2 collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="depth4_03"> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/publicdata/pageView/6445">우주전파란?</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/publicdata/pageView/6446">초장기선 전파간섭계란?</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/publicdata/pageView/6447">데이터 받기</a></div> <div class="depth3_list"><a href="/publicdata/pageView/6448">데이터 가공사례</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="depth1"> <a data-toggle="collapse" class="collapsed" role="tab" data-parent="#accordion" href="#depth1_5" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="depth1_5"> 천문지식참여 </a> <div id="depth1_5" class="depth2 collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="depth1_5"> <div class="depth2_list"> <a href="/community/post/faq">자주하는 질문</a> </div> </div> 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aria-labelledby="leftNav2"> <li> <a href="/learning/pageView/6299">1991~2000 </a> </li> <li> <a href="/learning/pageView/6189">2001~2010 </a> </li> <li> <a href="/learning/pageView/6209">2011~2020 </a> </li> <li> <a href="/learning/pageView/6233">2021~2030 <span class="label">2025</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/learning/pageView/6255">2031~2040 </a> </li> <li> <a href="/learning/pageView/6277">2041~2050 </a> </li> </ul> <a data-toggle="collapse" role="tab" id="leftNav3" data-parent="#accordion" href="#leftNav3_drop" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="leftNav3_drop"> 월식 </a> <ul id="leftNav3_drop" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="leftNav3"> <li> <a href="/learning/pageView/5773">1951~1960 </a> </li> <li> <a href="/learning/pageView/5796">1961~1970 </a> </li> <li> <a href="/learning/pageView/5819">1971~1980 </a> </li> <li> <a href="/learning/pageView/5842">1981~1990 </a> </li> <li> <a href="/learning/pageView/5888">1991~2000 </a> </li> <li> <a href="/learning/pageView/5864">2001~2010 </a> </li> <li> <a href="/learning/pageView/5911">2011~2020 </a> </li> <li> <a href="/learning/pageView/5934">2021~2030 <span class="label">2025</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/learning/pageView/5956">2031~2040 </a> </li> <li> <a href="/learning/pageView/5979">2041~2050 </a> </li> <li> <a href="/learning/pageView/6322">2051~2060 </a> </li> <li> <a href="/learning/pageView/6345">2061~2070 </a> </li> </ul> <a data-toggle="collapse" role="tab" id="leftNav4" data-parent="#accordion" href="#leftNav4_drop" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="leftNavleftNav4_drop" class="active"> 천체 </a> <ul id="leftNav4_drop" class="panel-collapse collapse in" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="leftNav4"> <li> <a href="/learning/pageView/6372">항성 </a> </li> <li> <a href="/learning/pageView/5198">성운과 성단 </a> </li> <li> <a href="/learning/pageView/5201" class="active">은하 </a> </li> <li> <a href="/learning/pageView/5038">메시에 목록 </a> </li> </ul> <a data-toggle="collapse" 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class="box tab"> <ul class="cont w25"> <li class="active"><a href="/learning/pageView/5201">은하의 역사</a></li> <li ><a href="/learning/pageView/5202">은하의 진화</a></li> <li ><a href="/learning/pageView/5203">은하의 분류</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="content_wrap"> <h5>은하의 역사</h5> <div class="lea_img_m h_260 mt_0"><img style="margin-top: -17%;" alt="은하" src="/file/astro_page/496178332328606.jpg"></div> <div>우리들 머리 위에서 항상 빛나는 별들은 인류가 태어나기 전부터 존재 했었다. 원시인들도 별을 보면서 우리와 같은 호기심이 있었을 것이다. 좀 더 좋은 눈을 가진 사람들은 희미한 별의 무리도 볼 수 있었을지도 모른다. 오늘날 사람들은 '그건 은하일 것이다.'라고 생각하겠지만 놀랍게도 1800년대 후반에만 하더라고 그것이 무엇인지 잘 모르고 있었다. 하늘을 자세히 보면 몇몇 뿌옇게 보이는 것이 있는데 이것이 바로 은하이다. 그리고 은하수의 주변에 별들이 모여 있는 부분은 대부분 구상 성단이다. 처음 하늘을 바라보는 사람은 잘 모르겠지만 관심을 가지고 성도와 비교하여 자주 관측하는 사람은 금세 확인할 수 있을 것이다.<br> <br></div> <div class="lea_img w_310"><img width="400" alt="M22" src="/file/astro_page/496181143830171.jpg"></div> <div>19C 사람들은 우리은하의 존재를 알고 있었지만 우리 은하의 크기가 어느 정도 되는지 어떤 모양인지 몰랐으며 매우 궁금해 했다. 이 중에서도 가장 해결하기 어려운 문제는 바로 '우리 은하가 유일한 존재 인가?' 또한 '크기는 어느 정도 되는가?'였다. 초기 은하의 모형에 대한 이론은 두 가지 이론으로 요약할 수 있다. 바로 샤플리와 카프타인의 이론이다. <br> <br> 할로우 샤플리(Harlow Shapley)는 은하수 주변의 구상성단을 연구 끝에 거리가 예전에 알려진 우리은하의 거리보다 10배나 멀다는 것을 알게 되었다. 처음에 샤플리는 구상성단이 우리 은하 밖에 있는 외부 항성계라고 생각했으나 구상성단이 대칭적으로 분포하지 않는다는 것을 알고 우리 은하의 크기를 늘려서 기록하였다.<br> <br> 그리고 하늘 군데군데 별의 밝기를 구하여 우리 은하의 크기를 구한 천문학자는 야코부스 카프타인(Jacobus C. Kapteyn)이다. 구상성단 M22와 나선은하를 관측하여 카프타인은 빛의 흡수가 없다고 가정하여 우리 은하의 지름이 약 10kpc 이고 두께가 2kpc인 항성계라고 했다. 한편 릭 천문대의 커티즈는 나선은하에서 신성을 발견하여 이 신성이 우리 은하의 신성보다 10등급의 차이가 남을 발견하였다. 커티즈는 이 발견으로 신성의 밝기는 비슷하다고 가정하고, 섬 우주론(카프타인이 주장하는 이론으로써 은하들이 군데군데 흩어져 있다고 생각)을 지지하고 우리은하에 대한 카프타인의 이론을 지지하게 되었다. </div> <h6>고속도별 </h6> <div>고속도별은 말 그대로 고속으로 움직이는 별을 말한다. 이러한 고속도별은 우리 은하가 회전한다는 것을 보여준다. 그리고 계산을 하다 보니 구상성단의 속도가 92km/s가 나왔다. 이런 속도로 움직이면 우리 은하가 200배 나 큰 질량이어야 한다. 이것을 바탕으로 하면 크기는 샤플리의 이론 보다 작고 카프타인 보다는 훨씬 크다고 나오게 된다.</div> <h6>흡수문제 </h6> <div>흡수문제란 우리와 관측하는 천체 사이에 존재하는 성간 물질들에 의한 빛의 흡수를 말한다. 은하의 연구에 가장 큰 문제가 거리문제라고 할 수 있다. 거리 문제 다음으로 천문학자들을 어렵게 한 것이 바로 이 흡수의 문제이다. 흡수 문제는 여러 해 동안 제시되어 왔지만 명확한 답이 나오지 않았다. 샤플리는 흡수 효과를 무시했고 만약 흡수가 존재 한다면 샤플리의 은하의 거리는 줄어 들 것이다. 이 문제를 해결한 천문학자는 로버트 트럼플러(Robert Julius Trumpler)였다. 그는 성단의 거리를 결정하는 새로운 방법을 개발하였다. H-R도를 이용하여 절대등급을 알 수 있는 별의 겉보기 등급을 이용하는 것과 성단의 거리와 겉보기 크기 사이의 반비례 관계를 이용했다. 이 두 가지 방법으로 구한 거리가 다르자 그는 흡수가 존재한다고 주장하였고, 은하 중심에 흡수 매질이 많다는 것도 발견하였다. 이제 캅테인의 거리는 더 이상 받아들일 수 없으며 샤플리의 거리도 1/3로 줄어들었고, 구상 성단은 타원체가 아니라 구형이라고 밝혀졌다. </div> <h6>외부은하</h6> <div>많은 학자들의 연구 결과에도 불구하고 외부은하의 존재가 아직 밝혀지지 않았다. 결국 1924년 허블이 세페이드 변광성으로 M31의 거리가 285,000pc라고 발견하여, 이 은하가 우리은하 외부에 있다고 판단할 수 있었다. </div> <h6>반마넨의 실수 </h6> <div class="lea_img w_310" style="height: 280px;"><img style="margin-top: -20%;" alt="은하" src="/file/astro_page/496182564613834.jpg"></div> <div>처음부터 허블의 이론이 받아들여진 것은 아니었다. 가장 큰 이유는 반마넨(Adriaan van Maanen)이 주장한 나선 은하의 각운동량이었다. 반마넨의 측정 결과는 나선은하의 회전속도가 매우 빠르며 이것은 나선은하가 매우 가까이에 있다는 것을 의미한다는 것이다. 그의 이론은 매우 많이 공격을 받았지만 방대한 자료와 정확한 관측은 여러 천문학자들을 매우 혼란스럽게 했다. 하지만 1925년 이후로 반마넨의 주장은 힘을 잃어 갔다. 조엘 스테빈스(Joel Stebbins)는 분광학을 이용하여 나선성운을 관측하자 반마넨이 주장한 방향과 반대 방향임을 알게 되었다. 이후 1935년 M31, M51, M81, 그리고 M101을 반마넨이 사용한 건판을 이용하여 관측하자 변위를 찾아 낼 수 없었다. 결국 반마넨의 이론은 무너지고 말았다. 그러면 반마넨의 관측오차의 원인은 무엇이었을까? 그 원인으로는 관측기기의 오차와 계산의 오차 그리고 관측자의 오차, 이 세 가지 정도의 원인이 있을 수 있다. 하지만 관측기기와 계산의 오차는 거의 없다는 것이 일반적인 생각이었고, 아직도 체계적으로 설명한 학자는 없다.<br> <br>이후 우리 은하의 거리가 정해지고 나선은하의 존재 및 거리가 밝혀지자, 이제 은하의 모양과 진화 문제가 관심받기 시작했고, 우주의 탄생에도 관심이 모아졌다. </div></div> <div id="upDateinfo" class="upDateinfo"> <span class="division_blue">최종수정일</span> <p class="date"> 2020년 3월 4일 </p> </div> </div> </div> </section>   <footer class="footer"> <div class="link"> <div class="grab"> <a class="fir" href="https://www.kasi.re.kr/kor/post/privacy" target="_blank">개인정보처리방침</a> <a href="/pageView/36">저작권정책</a> <a href="https://www.kasi.re.kr/" target="_blank">한국천문연구원 홈페이지 바로가기</a> <button type="button" data-toggle="modal" id="prtcipSiteBtn" data-target="#familySiteModal"> 관련사이트 <img src="/resources/images/common/footer_ico_modal.png" alt="" class="ico_modal"> <img src="/resources/images/common/footer_ico_modal_w.png" alt="" class="ico_w_modal"> </button> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div> <div class="grab"> <address class="address">(34055) 대전광역시 유성구 대덕대로 776     전화: 080-373-3333(무료) / 042-865-3333(유료)     천문정보 ARS: 042-865-3332     팩스: 042-861-5610</address> <p class="copyright">Copyright (C) 2017 Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute. 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