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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Location_and_topography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Location_and_topography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Location and topography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Location_and_topography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages_and_religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages_and_religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Languages and religions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages_and_religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Administration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Administration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-City_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>City status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Landmarks</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Landmarks subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kilkenny_Castle_and_city_walls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kilkenny_Castle_and_city_walls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Kilkenny Castle and city walls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kilkenny_Castle_and_city_walls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-St._Canice's_Cathedral_and_tower" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#St._Canice's_Cathedral_and_tower"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>St. Canice's Cathedral and tower</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-St._Canice's_Cathedral_and_tower-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bridges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bridges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Bridges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bridges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Old_Woollen_Mills" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Old_Woollen_Mills"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Old Woollen Mills</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Old_Woollen_Mills-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arts_and_festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Arts and festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theatre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Theatre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5.1</span> <span>Radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Print_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Print_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5.2</span> <span>Print media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Print_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Photography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Photography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5.3</span> <span>Photography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Photography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Community" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Community"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Community</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Community-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6.1</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twinned_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twinned_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6.2</span> <span>Twinned cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twinned_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Infrastructure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Roads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Railway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cooperatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cooperatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5.1</span> <span>Cooperatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cooperatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5.2</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hospitals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hospitals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>Hospitals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hospitals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Athletics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Athletics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Athletics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Athletics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GAA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GAA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>GAA</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GAA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Association_football" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Association_football"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Association football</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Association_football-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rugby" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rugby"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Rugby</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rugby-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Golf" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Golf"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>Golf</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Golf-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cycling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cycling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.6</span> <span>Cycling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cycling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ice_hockey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ice_hockey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.7</span> <span>Ice hockey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ice_hockey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_residents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_residents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notable residents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_residents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.3</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kilkenny</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny" title="Kilkenny – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kilkenny" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A_(%D8%A3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7)" title="كيلكيني (أيرلندا) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كيلكيني (أيرلندا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Килкени – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Килкени" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cill_Chainnigh" title="Cill Chainnigh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Cill Chainnigh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny" title="Kilkenny – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kilkenny" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny_(kapital_sa_kondado)" title="Kilkenny (kapital sa kondado) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kilkenny (kapital sa kondado)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny" title="Kilkenny – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kilkenny" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cill_Chainnigh" title="Cill Chainnigh – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cill Chainnigh" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny" title="Kilkenny – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kilkenny" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny" title="Kilkenny – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kilkenny" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B9" title="Κίλκενι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κίλκενι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny" title="Kilkenny – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kilkenny" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny" title="Kilkenny – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kilkenny" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%8C" title="کیلکنی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کیلکنی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny" title="Kilkenny – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kilkenny" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny" title="Kilkenny – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kilkenny" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cill_Chainnigh" title="Cill Chainnigh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cill Chainnigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keeill_Chennee" title="Keeill Chennee – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Keeill Chennee" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cill_Chainnigh" title="Cill Chainnigh – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cill Chainnigh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny" title="Kilkenny – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Kilkenny" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%82%AC%EC%BC%80%EB%8B%88" title="킬케니 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="킬케니" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny" title="Kilkenny – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kilkenny" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny" title="Kilkenny – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kilkenny" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%99" title="קילקני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קילקני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="კილკენი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კილკენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_(%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0)" title="Килкенни (қала) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Килкенни (қала)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny" title="Kilkenny – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kilkenny" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkennia" title="Kilkennia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Kilkennia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkeni" title="Kilkeni – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kilkeni" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenis" title="Kilkenis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kilkenis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny" title="Kilkenny – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kilkenny" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="კილკენი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კილკენი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%89" title="كيلكينى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كيلكينى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny" title="Kilkenny – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kilkenny" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B1%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC" title="キルケニー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キルケニー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny" title="Kilkenny – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kilkenny" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny" title="Kilkenny – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kilkenny" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny" title="Kilkenny – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kilkenny" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny" title="Kilkenny – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kilkenny" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny" title="Kilkenny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kilkenny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny" title="Kilkenny – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Kilkenny" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny" title="Kilkenny – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kilkenny" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Килкенни (город) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Килкенни (город)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny" title="Kilkenny – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Kilkenny" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny" title="Kilkenny – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kilkenny" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny_(mesto_v_%C3%8Drsku)" title="Kilkenny (mesto v Írsku) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kilkenny (mesto v Írsku)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny" title="Kilkenny – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kilkenny" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny" title="Kilkenny – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kilkenny" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Килкени – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Килкени" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny" title="Kilkenny – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kilkenny" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny" title="Kilkenny – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kilkenny" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny" title="Kilkenny – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kilkenny" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny" title="Kilkenny – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kilkenny" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Кілкенні – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кілкенні" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="کلکینی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کلکینی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cill_Chainnigh" title="Cill Chainnigh – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Cill Chainnigh" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%94%E8%82%AF%E5%B0%BC" title="基尔肯尼 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="基尔肯尼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q109092#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kilkenny&params=52.6477_N_7.2561_W_dim:100000_region:IE_type:city"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°38′52″N</span> <span class="longitude">7°15′22″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.6477°N 7.2561°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.6477; -7.2561</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Leinster, Ireland</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Kilkenny (disambiguation)">Kilkenny (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Leinster, Ireland</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Kilkenny</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="ga"><span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Cill Chainnigh</i></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">City</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="border:1;;height:99px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kilkenny_skyline_panoramic_-_2024-03-22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Kilkenny_skyline_panoramic_-_2024-03-22.jpg/268px-Kilkenny_skyline_panoramic_-_2024-03-22.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Kilkenny_skyline_panoramic_-_2024-03-22.jpg/402px-Kilkenny_skyline_panoramic_-_2024-03-22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Kilkenny_skyline_panoramic_-_2024-03-22.jpg/536px-Kilkenny_skyline_panoramic_-_2024-03-22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10644" data-file-height="3944" /></a></span></div><div>City skyline</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div style="border:1;;height:93px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kilkenny_castle_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Kilkenny_castle_2.jpg/140px-Kilkenny_castle_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Kilkenny_castle_2.jpg/210px-Kilkenny_castle_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Kilkenny_castle_2.jpg/280px-Kilkenny_castle_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5239" data-file-height="3493" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_Castle" title="Kilkenny Castle">Kilkenny Castle</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:126px;max-width:126px"><div style="border:1;;height:93px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Canice%27s_Cathedral_-_2024-03-22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/St._Canice%27s_Cathedral_-_2024-03-22.jpg/124px-St._Canice%27s_Cathedral_-_2024-03-22.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/St._Canice%27s_Cathedral_-_2024-03-22.jpg/186px-St._Canice%27s_Cathedral_-_2024-03-22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/St._Canice%27s_Cathedral_-_2024-03-22.jpg/248px-St._Canice%27s_Cathedral_-_2024-03-22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/St_Canice%27s_Cathedral" title="St Canice's Cathedral">St Canice's Cathedral</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:128px;max-width:128px"><div style="border:1;;height:93px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flags_(8180284444).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flags_%288180284444%29.jpg/126px-Flags_%288180284444%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flags_%288180284444%29.jpg/189px-Flags_%288180284444%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flags_%288180284444%29.jpg/252px-Flags_%288180284444%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2859" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div><div>Market Cross Shopping Centre</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:140px;max-width:140px"><div style="border:1;;height:93px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kilkenny_The_Parade_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Kilkenny_The_Parade_2.jpg/138px-Kilkenny_The_Parade_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Kilkenny_The_Parade_2.jpg/207px-Kilkenny_The_Parade_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Kilkenny_The_Parade_2.jpg/276px-Kilkenny_The_Parade_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4553" data-file-height="3078" /></a></span></div><div>The Parade</div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COA_IRL_Kilkenny_City.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Kilkenny"><img alt="Coat of arms of Kilkenny" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/COA_IRL_Kilkenny_City.svg/83px-COA_IRL_Kilkenny_City.svg.png" decoding="async" width="83" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/COA_IRL_Kilkenny_City.svg/125px-COA_IRL_Kilkenny_City.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/COA_IRL_Kilkenny_City.svg/166px-COA_IRL_Kilkenny_City.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="999" data-file-height="1201" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><i>The Marble City</i></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ireland_relief_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Kilkenny is located in Ireland"><img alt="Kilkenny is located in Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Ireland_relief_location_map.png/250px-Ireland_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Ireland_relief_location_map.png/375px-Ireland_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Ireland_relief_location_map.png/500px-Ireland_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1450" data-file-height="1807" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:67.098%;left:62.398%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kilkenny"><img alt="Kilkenny" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Kilkenny</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Ireland</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Ireland</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kilkenny is located in Europe"><img alt="Kilkenny is located in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/250px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/375px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/500px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1580" data-file-height="1351" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:50.046%;left:12.606%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kilkenny"><img alt="Kilkenny" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Kilkenny</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Kilkenny (Europe)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Europe</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kilkenny&params=52.6477_N_7.2561_W_dim:100000_region:IE_type:city"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°38′52″N</span> <span class="longitude">7°15′22″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.6477°N 7.2561°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.6477; -7.2561</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Ireland" title="Provinces of Ireland">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leinster" title="Leinster">Leinster</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Ireland" title="Counties of Ireland">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/County_Kilkenny" title="County Kilkenny">Kilkenny</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Local government in the Republic of Ireland">Local authority</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_County_Council" title="Kilkenny County Council">Kilkenny County Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="Dáil constituency">Dáil constituency</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Carlow%E2%80%93Kilkenny_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Carlow–Kilkenny (Dáil constituency)">Carlow–Kilkenny</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/South_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South (European Parliament constituency)">South</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">60 m (200 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/2022_census_of_Ireland" title="2022 census of Ireland">2022</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-tableF1015census2022_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tableF1015census2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">27,184</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of urban areas in the Republic of Ireland">13th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Cat</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%C2%B10" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC±0">UTC±0</a> (<a href="/wiki/Western_European_Time" title="Western European Time">WET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Irish_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Standard Time">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Eircode" class="mw-redirect" title="Eircode">Eircode</a> routing key</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">R95</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Telephone numbers in the Republic of Ireland">Telephone area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+353(0)56</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Irish Grid Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kilkenny&params=52.655923_N_7.253003_W_region:IE_scale:25000">S506563</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kilkenny.ie">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109092#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kilkenny</b> (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: <i lang="ga">Cill Chainnigh</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ga-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Irish" title="Help:IPA/Irish">[ˌciːl̠ʲ<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈxan̠ʲəj]</a></span>, meaning 'church of <a href="/wiki/Cainnech_of_Aghaboe" title="Cainnech of Aghaboe">Cainnech</a>')<sup id="cite_ref-Room_2006_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Room_2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a city in <a href="/wiki/County_Kilkenny" title="County Kilkenny">County Kilkenny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is located in the <a href="/wiki/South-East_Region,_Ireland" title="South-East Region, Ireland">South-East Region</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Ireland" title="Provinces of Ireland">province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Leinster" title="Leinster">Leinster</a>. It is built on both banks of the <a href="/wiki/River_Nore" title="River Nore">River Nore</a>. The <a href="/wiki/2022_census_of_Ireland" title="2022 census of Ireland">2022 census</a> gave the population of Kilkenny as 27,184, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of urban areas in the Republic of Ireland">thirteenth-largest urban center in Ireland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tableF1015census2022_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tableF1015census2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kilkenny is a tourist destination, and its environs include historic buildings such as <a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_Castle" title="Kilkenny Castle">Kilkenny Castle</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Canice%27s_Cathedral" title="St Canice's Cathedral">St Canice's Cathedral</a> and round tower, <a href="/wiki/Rothe_House" title="Rothe House">Rothe House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shee_Alms_House" title="Shee Alms House">Shee Alms House</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Black_Abbey" title="Black Abbey">Black Abbey</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Kilkenny" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Mary's Cathedral, Kilkenny">St. Mary's Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Tholsel,_Kilkenny" title="The Tholsel, Kilkenny">The Tholsel</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Francis_Abbey" title="St. Francis Abbey">St. Francis Abbey</a>, Grace's Castle, and <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Abbey,_Kilkenny" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John's Abbey, Kilkenny">St. John's Priory</a>. Kilkenny is also known for its craft and design workshops, the Watergate Theatre, public gardens and museums. Annual events include <a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_Arts_Festival" title="Kilkenny Arts Festival">Kilkenny Arts Festival</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Cat_Laughs" title="Cat Laughs">Cat Laughs</a> comedy festival and music at the Kilkenny Roots Festival.<sup id="cite_ref-kilkennyroots.com_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kilkennyroots.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kilkenny began with an early 6th-century ecclesiastical foundation within the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ossory" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Ossory">Kingdom of Ossory</a>. Following the 12th-century <a href="/wiki/Norman_invasion_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman invasion of Ireland">Norman invasion of Ireland</a>, Kilkenny Castle and a series of walls were built to protect the <a href="/wiki/Burgh" title="Burgh">burghers</a> of what became a <a href="/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Norman</a> merchant town.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/William_Marshal,_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke">William Marshall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Ireland" title="Lordship of Ireland">Lord of Leinster</a>, gave Kilkenny a charter as a town in 1207. By the late 13th century, Kilkenny was under <a href="/wiki/Hiberno-Norman" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiberno-Norman">Hiberno-Norman</a> control. The <a href="/wiki/Statutes_of_Kilkenny" title="Statutes of Kilkenny">Statutes of Kilkenny</a>, passed at Kilkenny in 1367, aimed to curb the decline of the Hiberno-Norman <a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Ireland" title="Lordship of Ireland">Lordship of Ireland</a>. In 1609, King <a href="/wiki/James_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="James I of England">James I of England</a> granted Kilkenny a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Charter" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Charter">Royal Charter</a>, giving it the status of a city. Following the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1641" title="Irish Rebellion of 1641">Irish Rebellion of 1641</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Catholic_Confederation" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Catholic Confederation">Irish Catholic Confederation</a>, also known as the "Confederation of Kilkenny", was based in Kilkenny and lasted until the <a href="/wiki/Cromwellian_conquest_of_Ireland" title="Cromwellian conquest of Ireland">Cromwellian conquest of Ireland</a> in 1649. From 1840 onwards, Kilkenny has not been administered as a city under local government law, but the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Reform_Act_2014" title="Local Government Reform Act 2014">Local Government Reform Act 2014</a> provides for "the continued use of the description city". </p><p>Kilkenny was a brewing centre from the late 17th century, and still houses a number of breweries. The <a href="/wiki/Heritage_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Heritage Council">Heritage Council</a> offices are at Church Lane in the former Bishop's Palace. The seat of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Bishop_of_Ossory" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Bishop of Ossory">Roman Catholic Bishop of Ossory</a> is at <a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Kilkenny" title="St Mary's Cathedral, Kilkenny">St Mary's Cathedral</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Ireland" title="Church of Ireland">Church of Ireland</a> <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Cashel_and_Ossory" title="Bishop of Cashel and Ossory">Bishop of Cashel and Ossory</a> is at <a href="/wiki/St_Canice%27s_Cathedral" title="St Canice's Cathedral">St Canice's Cathedral</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Toponymy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kilkenny is the anglicised version of the Irish <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Cill Chainnigh</i></span>, meaning <i>Cell/Church of <a href="/wiki/Cainnech_of_Aghaboe" title="Cainnech of Aghaboe">Cainneach</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cainnech_of_Aghaboe" title="Cainnech of Aghaboe">Canice</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Room_2006_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Room_2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This relates to a church built in honour of <a href="/wiki/Cainnech_of_Aghaboe" title="Cainnech of Aghaboe">St. Canice</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Ulster" title="Ulster">Ulsterman</a>, on the hill now containing <a href="/wiki/St_Canice%27s_Cathedral" title="St Canice's Cathedral">St. Canice's Cathedral</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Irish_round_tower" title="Irish round tower">round tower</a>. This seems to be the first major settlement. The early Christian origin of the round tower suggests an early ecclesiastical foundation at Kilkenny.<sup id="cite_ref-Graves_1857_25_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graves_1857_25-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Ceall-Cainnigh was for the most part burned.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Annals_of_the_Four_Masters" title="Annals of the Four Masters">Four Masters</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Annals_of_the_Four_Masters" title="Annals of the Four Masters">Annals of the Four Masters</a></i>, 1085.<sup id="cite_ref-Masters_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Masters-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Annals_of_the_Four_Masters" title="Annals of the Four Masters">Annals of the Four Masters</a></i> recorded Kilkenny in 1085.<sup id="cite_ref-Graves_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graves-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to this time the early 6th-century territory was known as <i>Osraighe,</i> referring to the whole district or the capital. The <a href="/wiki/Annals_of_the_Four_Masters" title="Annals of the Four Masters">Four Masters</a> entry was the first instance where the capital was called <i>Ceall-Cainnigh</i> (modernised Kilkenny).<sup id="cite_ref-egan1884_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-egan1884-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cill Chainnigh was a major monastic centre from at least the eighth century. There is no mention of <i>Cill Chainnigh</i> in the lives of <a href="/wiki/Cainnech_of_Aghaboe" title="Cainnech of Aghaboe">Cainnech of Aghaboe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ciar%C3%A1n_of_Saighir" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciarán of Saighir">Ciarán of Saighir</a> or any of the early <a href="/wiki/Irish_annals" title="Irish annals">annals of Ireland</a> suggesting that Cill Chainnigh was not of ancient civil importance.<sup id="cite_ref-Graves_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graves-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Kilkenny" title="History of Kilkenny">History of Kilkenny</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland" title="History of Ireland">History of Ireland</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Europe" title="History of Europe">History of Europe</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Canice%27s_Cathedral_-_Interior_-_2024-03-22_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/St._Canice%27s_Cathedral_-_Interior_-_2024-03-22_04.jpg/220px-St._Canice%27s_Cathedral_-_Interior_-_2024-03-22_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/St._Canice%27s_Cathedral_-_Interior_-_2024-03-22_04.jpg/330px-St._Canice%27s_Cathedral_-_Interior_-_2024-03-22_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/St._Canice%27s_Cathedral_-_Interior_-_2024-03-22_04.jpg/440px-St._Canice%27s_Cathedral_-_Interior_-_2024-03-22_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Model of Kilkenny in 1642</figcaption></figure> <p>Kilkenny's foundation began with an early 6th-century ecclesiastical settlement, with a church built in honour of <a href="/wiki/St._Canice" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Canice">St. Canice</a>. Now <a href="/wiki/St._Canice%27s_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Canice's Cathedral">St. Canice's Cathedral</a>, this was a major monastic centre from at least the 8th century. The <i><a href="/wiki/Annals_of_the_Four_Masters" title="Annals of the Four Masters">Annals of the Four Masters</a></i> recorded the first reference <i>Cill Chainnigh</i> in 1085. Prehistoric activity has been recorded, suggesting intermittent settlement activity in the area in the <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>. Information on the history of Kilkenny can be found in newspapers, photographs, letters, drawings, manuscripts and archaeology. Kilkenny is documented in manuscripts from the 13th century onwards and one of the most important of these is <i>Liber Primus Kilkenniensis</i>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Osraige" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Osraige">Kings of Ossory</a>, O'Carrolls and Fitzpatricks, had residence around Cill Chainnigh. The seat of the diocese of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Osraige" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Osraige">Kingdom of Osraige</a> was moved from <a href="/wiki/Aghaboe" title="Aghaboe">Aghaboe</a> to Cill Chainnigh. Following the <a href="/wiki/Norman_invasion_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman invasion of Ireland">Norman invasion of Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_de_Clare,_2nd_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke">Richard Strongbow</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Ireland" title="Lordship of Ireland">Lord of Leinster</a>, established a castle near modern-day <a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_Castle" title="Kilkenny Castle">Kilkenny Castle</a>. <a href="/wiki/William_Marshal,_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke">William Marshall</a> began the development of the town of Kilkenny and a series of walls to protect the burghers. By the late 13th century, Kilkenny was under <a href="/wiki/Hiberno-Norman" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiberno-Norman">Norman-Irish</a> control. The original ecclesiastical centre at St. Canice's Cathedral became known as <a href="/wiki/Irishtown,_Kilkenny" title="Irishtown, Kilkenny">Irishtown</a> and the Anglo-Norman borough inside the wall came to be known as Hightown. </p><p>Kilkenny was the site of Ireland's earliest recorded witch trial. Occurring in 1324 and instigated by the then Bishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Ossory" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Ossory">Ossory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_de_Ledrede" title="Richard de Ledrede">Richard de Ledrede</a>, the trial involved Dame <a href="/wiki/Alice_Kyteler" title="Alice Kyteler">Alice de Kyteler</a> and her servant <a href="/wiki/Petronilla_de_Meath" title="Petronilla de Meath">Petronella de Meath</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Petronella would be the first person recorded in Ireland to be burned alive at the stake for witchcraft, after Dame Alice presumably fled the country.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This trial was also one of the earliest recorded witch burnings in Europe and inspires much folklore about the possibility of the ghosts of Alice and Petronella haunting downtown Kilkenny. Alice's house, Kyteler's Inn, still stands and is now a pub. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Small_Kilkenny_city_map_circa_1780_(2006-06-17).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Small_Kilkenny_city_map_circa_1780_%282006-06-17%29.png/220px-Small_Kilkenny_city_map_circa_1780_%282006-06-17%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Small_Kilkenny_city_map_circa_1780_%282006-06-17%29.png/330px-Small_Kilkenny_city_map_circa_1780_%282006-06-17%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Small_Kilkenny_city_map_circa_1780_%282006-06-17%29.png/440px-Small_Kilkenny_city_map_circa_1780_%282006-06-17%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1428" /></a><figcaption>Old city map, c. 1780</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Hiberno-Norman" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiberno-Norman">Hiberno-Norman</a> presence in Kilkenny was deeply shaken by the <a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a>, which arrived in 1348. The <a href="/wiki/Statutes_of_Kilkenny" title="Statutes of Kilkenny">Statutes of Kilkenny</a> passed at Kilkenny in 1367, aimed to curb the decline of the Hiberno-Norman <a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Ireland" title="Lordship of Ireland">Lordship of Ireland</a>. In 1609, <a href="/wiki/James_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="James I of England">King James I of England</a> granted Kilkenny a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Charter" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Charter">Royal Charter</a> giving it the status of a city. Following the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1641" title="Irish Rebellion of 1641">Rebellion of 1641</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Catholic_Confederation" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Catholic Confederation">Irish Catholic Confederation</a>, also known as the "Confederation of Kilkenny", was based in Kilkenny and lasted until the <a href="/wiki/Cromwellian_conquest_of_Ireland" title="Cromwellian conquest of Ireland">Cromwellian conquest of Ireland</a> in 1649. <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">James II of England</a> spent most of the winter months from November 1689 until January 1690 at Kilkenny, residing in the castle.<sup id="cite_ref-Simms1961_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simms1961-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Stephens_Barracks" title="Stephens Barracks">Stephens Barracks</a>, built in the years following the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1798" title="Irish Rebellion of 1798">1798 Rebellion</a>, was completed between 1800 and 1803.<sup id="cite_ref-history_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_Design_Workshops" title="Kilkenny Design Workshops">Kilkenny Design Workshops</a> were opened in 1965 and in 1967 the <a href="/wiki/Marquess_of_Ormonde" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquess of Ormonde">Marquess of Ormonde</a> presented <a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_Castle" title="Kilkenny Castle">Kilkenny Castle</a> to the people of Kilkenny. Today, it has a lively cultural scene, with annual events including the <a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_Arts_Week" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilkenny Arts Week">Kilkenny Arts Week</a> Festival in the last two weeks of August, and the <a href="/wiki/Cat_Laughs" title="Cat Laughs">Cat Laughs</a> Comedy Festival at the beginning of June. Kilkenny is also where the <a href="/wiki/Irish_ale" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish ale">Irish ale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smithwick%27s" title="Smithwick's">Smithwick's</a>, was first brewed.<sup id="cite_ref-SEK_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SEK-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kilkenny is referred to as the <i>Marble City</i>, and people from Kilkenny are often referred to as '<a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_cat" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilkenny cat">Cats</a>'. The seat of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Bishop_of_Ossory" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Bishop of Ossory">Roman Catholic Bishop of Ossory</a> is at <a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Kilkenny" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Mary's Cathedral, Kilkenny">St. Mary's Cathedral</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Ireland" title="Church of Ireland">Church of Ireland</a> <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Ossory" title="Bishop of Ossory">Bishop of Cashel and Ossory</a> is at <a href="/wiki/St._Canice%27s_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Canice's Cathedral">St. Canice's Cathedral</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Ireland" title="Geography of Ireland">Geography of Ireland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Demographics of the Republic of Ireland">Demographics of Ireland</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Location_and_topography">Location and topography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Location and topography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Kilkenny.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Map_of_Kilkenny.png/220px-Map_of_Kilkenny.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Map_of_Kilkenny.png/330px-Map_of_Kilkenny.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Map_of_Kilkenny.png/440px-Map_of_Kilkenny.png 2x" data-file-width="1238" data-file-height="901" /></a><figcaption>Map of Kilkenny</figcaption></figure> <p>Kilkenny is situated in the Nore Valley on both banks of the <a href="/wiki/River_Nore" title="River Nore">River Nore</a>, at the centre of <a href="/wiki/County_Kilkenny" title="County Kilkenny">County Kilkenny</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Ireland" title="Provinces of Ireland">province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Leinster" title="Leinster">Leinster</a> in the south-east of <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>. It is 117 kilometres (73 mi) away the capital <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> and 48 kilometres (30 mi) north from the nearest city <a href="/wiki/Waterford" title="Waterford">Waterford</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wexford" title="Wexford">Wexford</a> is 80 kilometres (50 mi) to the south-east and <a href="/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick">Limerick</a> is 122 kilometres (76 mi) to the west. The elevation is 60 metres (200 ft) above mean sea level. The area of Kilkenny borough is 3.74 square kilometres (1.44 sq mi). The first edition of the Ordnance Survey map for Kilkenny was in 1837 and is held by the County Library. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Ireland" title="Climate of Ireland">Climate of Ireland</a></div> <table class="infobox" style="width: 19.5em; float: right; clear: both; text-align: center; border: solid 1px silver" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th>Kilkenny </th></tr> <tr><th style="font-size: 90%">Climate chart (<a href="/wiki/Template:Climate_chart/How_to_read_a_climate_chart" title="Template:Climate chart/How to read a climate chart">explanation</a>)</th></tr> <tr><td><table class="infobox" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: both; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">F</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">S</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">O</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">N</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">D</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.566em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">78</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.32em;height:1.32em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.64em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">8</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.82em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">2</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.322em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">66</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.38em;height:1.34em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.72em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">9</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.88em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">2</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.358em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">68</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.64em;height:1.48em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.12em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">11</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.14em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">3</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.128em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">56</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.84em;height:1.74em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.58em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">13</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.34em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">4</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.208em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">60</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.3em;height:1.84em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.14em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">16</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.8em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">7</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.22em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">61</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.86em;height:1.78em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.64em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">18</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.36em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">9</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.092em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">55</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.26em;height:1.8em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.06em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">20</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.76em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">11</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.556em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">78</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.2em;height:1.84em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.04em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">20</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.7em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">11</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.38em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">69</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.82em;height:1.74em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.56em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">18</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.32em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">9</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.906em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">95</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.3em;height:1.52em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.82em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">14</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.8em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">7</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.604em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">80</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.74em;height:1.42em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.16em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">11</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.24em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">4</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.808em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">90</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.48em;height:1.28em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.76em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">9</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.98em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">2</span></div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: red; background-color: red">█</span> Average max. and min. temperatures in °C</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: #aaccee; background-color: #aaccee">█</span> Precipitation totals in mm</td></tr><tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">Source: <sup id="cite_ref-KK_climate_dataA_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KK_climate_dataA-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr> <tr><td> <table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: both; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="12">Imperial conversion</th></tr> <tr><td>J</td><td>F</td><td>M</td><td>A</td><td>M</td><td>J</td><td>J</td><td>A</td><td>S</td><td>O</td><td>N</td><td>D</td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.566em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">3.1</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.32em;height:1.32em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.64em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">47</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.82em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">35</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.322em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.6</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.38em;height:1.34em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.72em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">47</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.88em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">35</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.358em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.7</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.64em;height:1.48em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.12em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">51</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.14em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">38</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.128em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.2</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.84em;height:1.74em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.58em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">55</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.34em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">40</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.208em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.4</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.3em;height:1.84em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.14em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">60</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.8em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">44</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.22em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.4</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.86em;height:1.78em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.64em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">65</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.36em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">49</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.092em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.1</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.26em;height:1.8em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.06em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">69</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.76em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">52</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.556em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">3.1</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.2em;height:1.84em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.04em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">68</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.7em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">52</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.38em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.7</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.82em;height:1.74em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.56em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">64</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.32em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">48</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.906em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">3.8</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.3em;height:1.52em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.82em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">57</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.8em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">44</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.604em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">3.2</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.74em;height:1.42em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.16em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">51</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.24em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">39</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.808em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">3.6</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.48em;height:1.28em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.76em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">48</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.98em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">36</span></div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: red; background-color: red">█</span> Average max. and min. temperatures in °F</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: #aaccee; background-color: #aaccee">█</span> Precipitation totals in inches</td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The climate of Kilkenny, like the <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Ireland" title="Climate of Ireland">climate of Ireland</a>, is a changeable <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a> with few extremes. It is defined as a <a href="/wiki/Temperate" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate">temperate</a> <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a>, or <i>Cfb</i> on the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> system. Kilkenny lies in plant <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hardiness_zone" title="Hardiness zone">Hardiness zone</a> 9</span>. At the centre of the county, Kilkenny is in a sheltered location, 66 kilometres (41 mi) inland and is surrounded by hills over 200 metres (660 ft), which ensures that it is not a <a href="/wiki/Wind" title="Wind">windy</a> location.<sup id="cite_ref-KK_climate_data2A_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KK_climate_data2A-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highest wind gust of <span class="nowrap">77 knots</span>, from a south-west direction, was recorded on <span class="nowrap">12 January 1974</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-KK_climate_dataB_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KK_climate_dataB-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kilkenny is generally representative of wide river valleys in the region with low temperatures on cloudless nights,<sup id="cite_ref-KK_climate_dataB_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KK_climate_dataB-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is significant in that it records some of the highest summer and lowest winter temperatures in Ireland. The highest air temperature ever recorded in Ireland was 33.3 °C (91.9 °F), at <a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_Castle" title="Kilkenny Castle">Kilkenny Castle</a> on <span class="nowrap">26 June 1887</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-IRE_climate_data_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IRE_climate_data-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Met_%C3%89ireann" title="Met Éireann">Met Éireann</a> Kilkenny <a href="/wiki/Weather_station" title="Weather station">Weather Observing Station</a>, <span class="nowrap">2 km</span> north-west of the centre of Kilkenny, on the Duningstown Road, opened in <span class="nowrap">May 1957</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-KK_climate_dataB_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KK_climate_dataB-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and observations ceased in <span class="nowrap">April 2008</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-KK_climate_data2A_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KK_climate_data2A-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A climatological station is currently in operation within <span class="nowrap">1 km</span> of the old site, and as of <span class="nowrap">March 2010</span>, was providing live weather data to the general public and climate data to <a href="/wiki/Met_%C3%89ireann" title="Met Éireann">Met Éireann</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-KK_climate_data2A_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KK_climate_data2A-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Extremes recorded at the station include the highest air <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temperature</a> of 31.5 °C (88.7 °F) on <span class="nowrap">29 June 1976</span>, the lowest air temperature of −14.1 °C (6.6 °F) on <span class="nowrap">2 January 1979</span> and the lowest ground temperature of −18.1 °C (−0.6 °F) on <span class="nowrap">12 January 1982</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-KK_climate_dataB_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KK_climate_dataB-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The warmest and sunniest month on record in Kilkenny was <span class="nowrap">August 1995</span> with a total of <span class="nowrap">274.9 hours</span> <a href="/wiki/Sunlight" title="Sunlight">sunshine</a> and very high temperatures throughout.<sup id="cite_ref-KK_climate_dataB_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KK_climate_dataB-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The maximum daily sunshine was <span class="nowrap">16.3 hours</span> on <span class="nowrap">18 June 1978</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-KK_climate_dataB_19-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KK_climate_dataB-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The overall trend in temperatures has been on the rise with a marked increase from 1988 onwards.<sup id="cite_ref-KK_climate_data2B_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KK_climate_data2B-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Annual temperatures are running over <span class="nowrap">0.5 degrees</span> or <span class="nowrap">0.9°F</span> above 20th century levels.<sup id="cite_ref-KK_climate_data2B_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KK_climate_data2B-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The maximum daily <a href="/wiki/Rain" title="Rain">rainfall</a> recorded at Kilkenny station was 66.4 millimetres (2.61 in) on <span class="nowrap">17 July 1983</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-KK_climate_dataB_19-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KK_climate_dataB-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The late 1950s and early 1960s were wet but rainfall had been steady throughout the century.<sup id="cite_ref-KK_climate_data2B_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KK_climate_data2B-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2002 was a very wet year and since 2005 annual rainfall has been increasing steadily, with 2009 being the wettest year since records commenced in 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-KK_climate_data2B_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KK_climate_data2B-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Kilkenny <a href="/wiki/Weather_station" title="Weather station">Weather Observing Station</a> 1978–2007 (<i>Extremes June 1957 to April 2008</i>) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9<br />(60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2<br />(66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br />(74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.0<br />(78.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.5<br />(88.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.4<br />(88.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.8<br />(87.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6<br />(79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7<br />(74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">31.5<br />(88.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2<br />(46.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br />(47.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6<br />(51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9<br />(55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3<br />(68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8<br />(51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8<br />(47.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9<br />(40.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2<br />(41.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9<br />(44.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5<br />(47.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4<br />(56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3<br />(45.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.9<br />(49.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6<br />(34.9) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9<br />(35.4) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(37.8) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2<br />(39.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5<br />(43.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3<br />(48.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3<br />(52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5<br />(43.7) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7<br />(38.7) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4<br />(36.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5.9<br />(42.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #9A9AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14.1<br />(6.6) </td> <td style="background: #AAAAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.1<br />(12.0) </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.9<br />(17.8) </td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.4<br />(22.3) </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.7<br />(25.3) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5<br />(32.9) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3<br />(36.1) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2<br />(34.2) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.6<br />(29.1) </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.8<br />(23.4) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.0<br />(19.4) </td> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.8<br />(12.6) </td> <td style="background: #9A9AFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−14.1<br />(6.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #8AFF8A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.3<br />(3.08) </td> <td style="background: #92FF92; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.1<br />(2.60) </td> <td style="background: #99FF99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.9<br />(2.67) </td> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.4<br />(2.22) </td> <td style="background: #A4FFA4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.4<br />(2.38) </td> <td style="background: #A1FFA1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.0<br />(2.40) </td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.6<br />(2.15) </td> <td style="background: #8BFF8B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.8<br />(3.06) </td> <td style="background: #94FF94; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.0<br />(2.72) </td> <td style="background: #70FF70; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.3<br />(3.75) </td> <td style="background: #83FF83; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.2<br />(3.16) </td> <td style="background: #78FF78; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.4<br />(3.56) </td> <td style="background: #92FF92; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">857.4<br />(33.76) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13 </td> <td style="background: #5C5CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13 </td> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">135 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6 </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6 </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5 </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0 </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000CD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000E1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000F5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.2 </td> <td style="background: #0B0BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63.6 </td> <td style="background: #0C0CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63.4 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65.9 </td> <td style="background: #0505FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65.2 </td> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000FB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000D0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000C5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000EF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">70.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #656565; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">55.8 </td> <td style="background: #818181; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64.4 </td> <td style="background: #ACAC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99.2 </td> <td style="background: #C4C408; color:#000000;" class="notheme">147.0 </td> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">173.6 </td> <td style="background: #C4C408; color:#000000;" class="notheme">147.0 </td> <td style="background: #C2C219; color:#000000;" class="notheme">145.7 </td> <td style="background: #C2C219; color:#000000;" class="notheme">145.7 </td> <td style="background: #BABA49; color:#000000;" class="notheme">124.0 </td> <td style="background: #A9A9A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93.0 </td> <td style="background: #7C7C7C; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66.0 </td> <td style="background: #5A5A5A; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">49.6 </td> <td style="background: #B2B277; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,314 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #676767; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1.8 </td> <td style="background: #848484; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2.3 </td> <td style="background: #ADAD95; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2 </td> <td style="background: #C5C502; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9 </td> <td style="background: #CFCF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6 </td> <td style="background: #C5C502; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9 </td> <td style="background: #C3C313; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7 </td> <td style="background: #C3C313; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7 </td> <td style="background: #B8B850; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0 </td> <td style="background: #AAAAA6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0 </td> <td style="background: #7E7E7E; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2.2 </td> <td style="background: #5B5B5B; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1.6 </td> <td style="background: #B3B372; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Met Éireann<sup id="cite_ref-KK_climate_dataA_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KK_climate_dataA-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-absmax_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-absmax-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-absmin_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-absmin-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale collapsible collapsed" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1821</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">23,230</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1831</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">23,741</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1841</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">19,071</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−19.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1851</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">15,257</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−20.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1861</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">13,235</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−13.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1871</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,710</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−4.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1881</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,299</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−3.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1891</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">11,048</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−10.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">10,609</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−4.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1911</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">19,514</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+83.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1926</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">10,046</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−48.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1936</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">10,237</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1946</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">10,291</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1951</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">10,572</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1956</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">12,328</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+16.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,081</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1966</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,030</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">13,306</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+10.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">16,886</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+26.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1986</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">17,517</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+3.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">17,669</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1996</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">18,696</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2002</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">20,735</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+10.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2006</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">22,179</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+7.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">24,423</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+10.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2016</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">26,512</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+8.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2022</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">27,184</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.5%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left"><sup id="cite_ref-Census_for_post_1821_figures_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_for_post_1821_figures-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sapmap2016_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sapmap2016-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tableF1015census2022_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tableF1015census2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The majority of the population of Kilkenny live outside the borough's boundary. The urban centre of Kilkenny, as defined by the census, had a population of 27,184 in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-cso2022_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cso2022-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Changes as of the 2006 census, by the <a href="/wiki/Central_Statistics_Office_(Ireland)" title="Central Statistics Office (Ireland)">Central Statistics Office</a>, Kilkenny Town Borough had a population of 8,661 which was an increase of 70 persons over the 2002 figure of 8,591 or 0.8%. The Town Environs had a population of 13,518 which was an increase of 1347 persons over the 2002 figure of 12,144 or 11.3%.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overall both the Borough & Environs had a population of 22,179 in 2006 which was an increase of 1444 persons over the 2002 figure of 20,735 or 7.0%. People from Kilkenny are often referred to as 'Cats'. </p><p>Disposable household income per person as of 2005 was €18,032 and the index of disposable household was 89.4.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages_and_religions">Languages and religions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Languages and religions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kilkenny is <a href="/wiki/Multilingualism" title="Multilingualism">multilingual</a> but predominantly <a href="/wiki/Hiberno-English" title="Hiberno-English">English-speaking</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a> being the second most commonly spoken language.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In recent decades, with the increase of immigration on an all-Ireland basis, many more languages have been introduced into Kilkenny. </p><p>The main religion is Catholicism, however, there are Church of Ireland, Presbyterian, Methodist, Jewish and other religious traditions living in Kilkenny.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kilkenny_County_Hall,_2024-03-22_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Kilkenny_County_Hall%2C_2024-03-22_02.jpg/220px-Kilkenny_County_Hall%2C_2024-03-22_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Kilkenny_County_Hall%2C_2024-03-22_02.jpg/330px-Kilkenny_County_Hall%2C_2024-03-22_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Kilkenny_County_Hall%2C_2024-03-22_02.jpg/440px-Kilkenny_County_Hall%2C_2024-03-22_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/County_Hall,_Kilkenny" title="County Hall, Kilkenny">Kilkenny County Hall</a> in 2024</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kilkenny_Courthouse_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Kilkenny_Courthouse_2018.jpg/220px-Kilkenny_Courthouse_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Kilkenny_Courthouse_2018.jpg/330px-Kilkenny_Courthouse_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Kilkenny_Courthouse_2018.jpg/440px-Kilkenny_Courthouse_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_Courthouse" title="Kilkenny Courthouse">Kilkenny Courthouse</a> in 2018</figcaption></figure> <p>Kilkenny is now administered as part of <a href="/wiki/County_Kilkenny" title="County Kilkenny">County Kilkenny</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Local_electoral_area" title="Local electoral area">local electoral area</a> of Kilkenny contains the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_division" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral division">electoral divisions</a> of Dunmore, Kilkenny No. 1 Urban, Kilkenny No. 2 Urban, Kilkenny Rural and St. Canice, and elects 7 of the 24 members of <a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_County_Council" title="Kilkenny County Council">Kilkenny County Council</a>. This area is defined as the Municipal District of Kilkenny City.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Local government in the Republic of Ireland">Local government</a> bodies in Kilkenny have responsibility for such matters as planning, roads, sanitation and libraries and are governed by the Local Government Acts 1925 to 2019, the principal Act being the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_2001" title="Local Government Act 2001">Local Government Act 2001</a>. </p><p>Kilkenny's first council was elected in 1231. From the 13th century to the end of the 16th, the chief magistrate was known as the sovereign, and since then as the mayor. It was granted a <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a> as a city in 1609 by <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James I of England and Ireland</a>. This was a <a href="/wiki/County_corporate" title="County corporate">county corporate</a> which included the borough of <a href="/wiki/Irishtown,_Kilkenny" title="Irishtown, Kilkenny">Irishtown</a>, which fell within the city. The borough corporation established under the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Corporations_(Ireland)_Act_1840" title="Municipal Corporations (Ireland) Act 1840">Municipal Corporations (Ireland) Act 1840</a> is a successor to both the corporation established under this charter and of the borough of Irishtown. In 1899, under the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_(Ireland)_Act_1898" title="Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898">Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898</a>, the area became an <a href="/wiki/Urban_and_rural_districts_(Ireland)" title="Urban and rural districts (Ireland)">urban district</a>, but its council retained the style of a borough corporation.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002, under the Local Government Act 2001, Kilkenny Borough Corporation became a borough council.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 June 2014, under the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Reform_Act_2014" title="Local Government Reform Act 2014">Local Government Reform Act 2014</a>, the borough council was dissolved and administration of the town was amalgamated with Kilkenny County Council.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>County Kilkenny is part of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Region,_Ireland" title="Southern Region, Ireland">Southern Region</a>. It is part of the <a href="/wiki/Carlow%E2%80%93Kilkenny_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Carlow–Kilkenny (Dáil constituency)">Carlow–Kilkenny</a> <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="Dáil constituency">Dáil constituency</a> and the <a href="/wiki/South_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South (European Parliament constituency)">South</a> <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_constituency" title="European Parliament constituency">European Parliament constituency</a>. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Irish_House_of_Commons" title="Irish House of Commons">Irish House of Commons</a>, both <a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_City_(Parliament_of_Ireland_constituency)" title="Kilkenny City (Parliament of Ireland constituency)">Kilkenny City</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bishop%27s_borough" title="Bishop's borough">bishop's borough</a> of <a href="/wiki/St_Canice_(Parliament_of_Ireland_constituency)" title="St Canice (Parliament of Ireland constituency)">St Canice (or Irishtown)</a> were represented with two MPs each. From 1801, following the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1800" title="Acts of Union 1800">Acts of Union 1800</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_City_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Kilkenny City (UK Parliament constituency)">Kilkenny City</a> was represented in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom House of Commons">United Kingdom House of Commons</a> by one MP from 1801 to 1918, and as part of <a href="/wiki/North_Kilkenny_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="North Kilkenny (UK Parliament constituency)">North Kilkenny</a> from 1918 to 1922. In 1921, the <a href="/wiki/Carlow%E2%80%93Kilkenny_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Carlow–Kilkenny (Dáil constituency)">Carlow–Kilkenny</a> Dáil constituency was created. This continued until 1937, when there was a separate <a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Kilkenny (Dáil constituency)">Kilkenny</a> constituency, but from 1948 there has been a continuous constituency of Carlow–Kilkenny. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_status">City status</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: City status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kilkenny_St._Mary%27s_Church_Kilkenny_Room_Charter_of_James_I_1609_2017_09_11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Kilkenny_St._Mary%27s_Church_Kilkenny_Room_Charter_of_James_I_1609_2017_09_11.jpg/220px-Kilkenny_St._Mary%27s_Church_Kilkenny_Room_Charter_of_James_I_1609_2017_09_11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Kilkenny_St._Mary%27s_Church_Kilkenny_Room_Charter_of_James_I_1609_2017_09_11.jpg/330px-Kilkenny_St._Mary%27s_Church_Kilkenny_Room_Charter_of_James_I_1609_2017_09_11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Kilkenny_St._Mary%27s_Church_Kilkenny_Room_Charter_of_James_I_1609_2017_09_11.jpg/440px-Kilkenny_St._Mary%27s_Church_Kilkenny_Room_Charter_of_James_I_1609_2017_09_11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2031" data-file-height="2069" /></a><figcaption>Charter of King <a href="/wiki/James_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="James I of England">James I of England</a> from 1609 which raised Kilkenny to a city with a mayor or mayors<sup id="cite_ref-fn1_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn1-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure><p> While the present-day settlement is administered as a <a href="/wiki/Municipal_district_(Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal district (Ireland)">municipal district</a>, the appellation "city" is an emotive subject in Kilkenny.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historically, <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">city status in the United Kingdom</a>, and before that in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Kingdom of Ireland">Kingdom of Ireland</a>, was a ceremonial designation awarded by the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">crown</a>. It carried more prestige than the alternative municipal titles "<a href="/wiki/Borough" title="Borough">borough</a>" or "<a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">town</a>", but gave no additional legal powers (the qualifying factor was the presence of a <a href="/wiki/Cathedral" title="Cathedral">cathedral</a>, resulting in some very small cities such as <a href="/wiki/Wells,_Somerset" title="Wells, Somerset">Wells</a>, with a population 12,000 as of 2018 and <a href="/wiki/St_Davids" title="St Davids">St Davids</a>, with a population of 1,841 as of 2011). A <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_Ireland" title="City status in Ireland">city in Irish law</a> has special legal meaning with corresponding powers for local government. From a local government perspective, Kilkenny has not been administered as a city since at least 1840. The present-day legal, political and administrative jurisdictions in Ireland are set out in the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_2001" title="Local Government Act 2001">Local Government Act 2001</a>, as amended by the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Reform_Act_2014" title="Local Government Reform Act 2014">Local Government Reform Act 2014</a>. </p><p>In 2002, under the Local Government Act 2001, the former five <a href="/wiki/County_borough" title="County borough">county boroughs</a> were redesignated as cities. At the same time, the historic city status of Kilkenny was acknowledged in law. When this legislation was being debated, local <a href="/wiki/Teachta_D%C3%A1la" title="Teachta Dála">TDs</a> <a href="/wiki/Phil_Hogan" title="Phil Hogan">Phil Hogan</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_McGuinness_(politician)" title="John McGuinness (politician)">John McGuinness</a> successfully lobbied that Kilkenny could continue to be referred to as a "city". Accordingly, a clause was added to the 2001 bill: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>the continued use of the description city in relation to Kilkenny, to the extent that that description was used before the establishment day.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_2001" title="Local Government Act 2001">Local Government Act 2001</a></cite></div></blockquote> <p>It remains both common and permissible in law to describe Kilkenny as a city; section 10(6) of the 2001 Act, as amended by the 2014 Act, provides that "the continued use of the description city in relation to Kilkenny, to the extent that that description was used before 1 January 2002 and is not otherwise inconsistent with this Act".<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2014, Kilkenny does not have an administration separate from the county. However, under <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Reform_Act_2014" title="Local Government Reform Act 2014">Local Government Reform Act 2014</a>, the municipal district is distinctly acknowledged as "the Municipal District of Kilkenny City".<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Landmarks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_New_Parade_Kilkenny.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/The_New_Parade_Kilkenny.JPG/170px-The_New_Parade_Kilkenny.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/The_New_Parade_Kilkenny.JPG/255px-The_New_Parade_Kilkenny.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/The_New_Parade_Kilkenny.JPG/340px-The_New_Parade_Kilkenny.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>The New Parade, Kilkenny City, leading from the Castle to High Street</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kilkenny_Tholsel_II_2017_09_11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Kilkenny_Tholsel_II_2017_09_11.jpg/170px-Kilkenny_Tholsel_II_2017_09_11.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Kilkenny_Tholsel_II_2017_09_11.jpg/255px-Kilkenny_Tholsel_II_2017_09_11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Kilkenny_Tholsel_II_2017_09_11.jpg/340px-Kilkenny_Tholsel_II_2017_09_11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2051" data-file-height="3038" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Tholsel,_Kilkenny" title="The Tholsel, Kilkenny">The Tholsel</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Butler_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Butler_House.jpg/220px-Butler_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Butler_House.jpg/330px-Butler_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Butler_House.jpg/440px-Butler_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Butler_House,_Kilkenny" title="Butler House, Kilkenny">Butler House</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rothe_House_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Rothe_House_2021.jpg/220px-Rothe_House_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Rothe_House_2021.jpg/330px-Rothe_House_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Rothe_House_2021.jpg/440px-Rothe_House_2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1666" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rothe_House" title="Rothe House">Rothe House</a> on Parliament Street</figcaption></figure> <p>Kilkenny's architectural heritage is represented through a number of historical buildings and landmarks. Kilkenny is a well-preserved medieval town and is dominated by both <a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_Castle" title="Kilkenny Castle">Kilkenny Castle</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Canice%27s_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Canice's Cathedral">St. Canice's Cathedral</a> and round tower. </p><p>Surviving examples of the city's medieval architecture include Kilkenny Castle and parts of the Kilkenny City Walls. These walls define the extent, layout and status of the medieval town. The town grew from a monastic settlement to a thriving Norman merchant town in the Middle Ages. St. Canice's Cathedral and round tower are an example of the monastic settlement. <a href="/wiki/Rothe_House" title="Rothe House">Rothe House</a> on Parliament Street is an example of an Elizabethan merchant townhouse located on the only completely surviving <a href="/wiki/Burgage_plot" class="mw-redirect" title="Burgage plot">burgage plot</a> in Ireland. It also features a restored 17th-century garden on an area of half an acre behind the house, complete with herbs, vegetables and an orchard. </p><p>The black stone with decorative white fossils that forms the backbone of many of Kilkenny's fine buildings was quarried locally, particularly from the quarry located 1.6 km south of the town on the R700.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_marble" title="Kilkenny marble">Kilkenny marble</a> was used for the plinth of the new tomb of <a href="/wiki/Richard_III_of_England" title="Richard III of England">Richard III</a> in <a href="/wiki/Leicester_Cathedral" title="Leicester Cathedral">Leicester Cathedral</a> in England.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Visitor attractions in Kilkenny and its environs include <a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_Castle" title="Kilkenny Castle">Kilkenny Castle</a> and Gardens including the <a href="/wiki/Butler_Gallery" title="Butler Gallery">Butler Gallery</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Canice%27s_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Canice's Cathedral">St. Canice's Cathedral</a> and round tower, <a href="/wiki/Rothe_House" title="Rothe House">Rothe House</a> and Garden, <a href="/wiki/Shee_Alms_House" title="Shee Alms House">Shee Alms House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_Courthouse" title="Kilkenny Courthouse">Kilkenny Courthouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Kilkenny" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Mary's Cathedral, Kilkenny">St. Mary's Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Tholsel,_Kilkenny" title="The Tholsel, Kilkenny">The Tholsel</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominican</a> <a href="/wiki/Black_Abbey" title="Black Abbey">Black Abbey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_John_the_Evangelist,_Kilkenny" title="Church of Saint John the Evangelist, Kilkenny">St. John's Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Butler_House,_Kilkenny" title="Butler House, Kilkenny">Butler House</a>, Kilkenny 'Slips' and <a href="/wiki/St._Francis_Abbey" title="St. Francis Abbey">St. Francis Abbey</a> Brewery. Gardens include the Castle Rose Garden, Rothe House Garden, the Famine Memorial Garden and the garden of Butler House. </p><p>In the county other attractions include <a href="/wiki/Kells_Priory" title="Kells Priory">Kells Priory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerpoint_Abbey" title="Jerpoint Abbey">Jerpoint Abbey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dunmore_Caves" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunmore Caves">Dunmore Caves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Woodstock_Estate" title="Woodstock Estate">Woodstock Estate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jenkinstown_Park" title="Jenkinstown Park">Jenkinstown Park</a>. </p><p>Local Kilkenny marble or black marble was used to decorate many of the city's buildings, and Kilkenny referred to the "Marble City" for this reason.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kilkenny_Castle_and_city_walls">Kilkenny Castle and city walls</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Kilkenny Castle and city walls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kilkenny_Castle,_2024-03-22_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Kilkenny_Castle%2C_2024-03-22_02.jpg/220px-Kilkenny_Castle%2C_2024-03-22_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Kilkenny_Castle%2C_2024-03-22_02.jpg/330px-Kilkenny_Castle%2C_2024-03-22_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Kilkenny_Castle%2C_2024-03-22_02.jpg/440px-Kilkenny_Castle%2C_2024-03-22_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_Castle" title="Kilkenny Castle">Kilkenny Castle</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Freren_Gate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Black_Freren_Gate.jpg/220px-Black_Freren_Gate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Black_Freren_Gate.jpg/330px-Black_Freren_Gate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Black_Freren_Gate.jpg/440px-Black_Freren_Gate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3672" /></a><figcaption>The Black Freren Gate, part of the medieval city walls</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_Castle" title="Kilkenny Castle">Kilkenny Castle</a> in Kilkenny city was the seat of the Butler family. (Formerly the family name was FitzWalter.) The castle was sold to the local Castle Restoration Committee in the middle of the 20th century for <a href="/wiki/Irish_punt" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish punt">£</a>50. Shortly afterwards it was handed over to the State, and has since been refurbished and is open to visitors. Part of the collection of the National Art Gallery is on display in the castle. There are ornamental gardens on the northwest side of the castle, and extensive land and gardens to the front. It has become one of the most visited tourist sites in Ireland. </p><p>The first stone castle was begun in 1204 by <a href="/wiki/William_Marshal,_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke">William Marshall</a> the site was completed in 1213; it was a symbol of Norman occupation and in its original thirteenth-century condition it would have formed an important element of the defences of the town. There were four large circular corner towers and a massive ditch, part of which can still be seen today on the Parade. This was a square-shaped castle with towers at each corner; three of these original four towers survive to this day. </p><p><i>Kilkenny Walls</i> protected the medieval town of Kilkenny.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town was surrounded by walls with regular towers and gates. Remnants of the Town Walls survive such as Talbot Tower (1207), which is also known as Talbot's Bastion or Castle. It is the larger of the two surviving towers of the defences of the medieval High town of Kilkenny. There are walls on Abbey Street, and the adjoining Black Freren Gate is the only surviving gate/access remaining on the High town Circuit into the old city.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A wall also runs through the brewery's grounds beside <a href="/wiki/St._Francis_Abbey" title="St. Francis Abbey">St. Francis Abbey</a>. </p><p>The Kilkenny City Walls Conservation Plan is a plan by the inhabitants of Kilkenny, Kilkenny Borough Council, the Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government, An Taisce, The Kilkenny Archaeological Society and The Heritage Council to ensure the long-term survival of the city's walls.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="St._Canice's_Cathedral_and_tower"><span id="St._Canice.27s_Cathedral_and_tower"></span>St. Canice's Cathedral and tower</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: St. Canice's Cathedral and tower"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/St_Canice%27s_Cathedral" title="St Canice's Cathedral">St Canice's Cathedral</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kilkenny_St_Canice_Cathedral_SW_2007_08_28.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Kilkenny_St_Canice_Cathedral_SW_2007_08_28.jpg/220px-Kilkenny_St_Canice_Cathedral_SW_2007_08_28.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Kilkenny_St_Canice_Cathedral_SW_2007_08_28.jpg/330px-Kilkenny_St_Canice_Cathedral_SW_2007_08_28.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Kilkenny_St_Canice_Cathedral_SW_2007_08_28.jpg/440px-Kilkenny_St_Canice_Cathedral_SW_2007_08_28.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._Canice%27s_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Canice's Cathedral">St. Canice's Cathedral</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/St_Canice%27s_Cathedral" title="St Canice's Cathedral">St Canice's Cathedral</a>, also known as Kilkenny Cathedral, present building dates from the 13th century and is the second longest cathedral in Ireland. The cathedral is named after Saint Canice, who also gave his name to the town.<sup id="cite_ref-Cathedra_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cathedra-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cruciform" title="Cruciform">Cruciform</a>, the cathedral was built in the <a href="/wiki/English_Gothic_architecture" title="English Gothic architecture">Early English</a>, or English Gothic, style of <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a>, of <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a>, with a low central tower supported on black marble columns. The exterior walls, apart from the gables, are <a href="/wiki/Battlement" title="Battlement">embattled</a>, and there are two small <a href="/wiki/Spire" title="Spire">spires</a> at the west end. The cathedral is seventy-five yards long, and its width along the transepts is forty-one yards. </p><p>Beside the cathedral stands a 100 ft 9th century round tower. St. Canice's tower is an excellent example of a well-preserved early Christian (9th century) <a href="/wiki/Irish_round_tower" title="Irish round tower">Round Tower</a>. Accessible only by a steep set of internal ladders, it may once have been both a watchtower and a refuge, and the summit gives a good view of Kilkenny and the countryside around. The hill on which the cathedral stands is believed to be the centre of the first major settlement at Kilkenny, and the round tower suggests an early ecclesiastical foundation.<sup id="cite_ref-Graves_1857_25_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graves_1857_25-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominican</a> <a href="/wiki/Black_Abbey" title="Black Abbey">Black Abbey</a> was founded in 1225, and lying just off Parliament Street. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bridges">Bridges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bridges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Green%27s_Bridge" title="Green's Bridge">Green's Bridge</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canal_Square_Kilkenny.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Canal_Square_Kilkenny.JPG/220px-Canal_Square_Kilkenny.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Canal_Square_Kilkenny.JPG/330px-Canal_Square_Kilkenny.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Canal_Square_Kilkenny.JPG/440px-Canal_Square_Kilkenny.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The New Canal Square</figcaption></figure> <p>Kilkenny has four main bridges — <a href="/wiki/Green%27s_Bridge" title="Green's Bridge">Green's Bridge</a>, John's Bridge, the Ossory Bridge and the St Francis Bridge — and two pedestrian/cycle bridges — the <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Cuffe,_Countess_of_Desart" title="Ellen Cuffe, Countess of Desart">Lady Desart</a> Bridge and the Ossory Pedestrian Bridge. Each of the bridges spans the <a href="/wiki/River_Nore" title="River Nore">River Nore</a>. </p><p>Green's Bridge, also known as the 'Great Bridge of Kilkenny', crosses the River Nore in St. Canices Parish in the townland of Gardens, and is an important element of the architectural heritage of Kilkenny City.<sup id="cite_ref-niahgreens_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-niahgreens-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> First built before 1200, the bridge has been rebuilt several times since the twelfth century due to flooding, including the great floods of 1487 and 1763. The present-day bridge was built in 1766 after the 'Great Flood of 1763'. It was built by William Colles (c. 1710–70) to designs prepared by George Smith (1763–67), a pupil of <a href="/wiki/George_Semple" title="George Semple">George Semple</a> (c. 1700–82).<sup id="cite_ref-niahgreens_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-niahgreens-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>John's Bridge connects John Street to Rose Inn Street in Kilkenny City. It was first built after 1200, and has been called 'John's Bridge' since the Middle Ages. It has also been rebuilt many times since the twelfth century due to flooding. During the flood of 1763, people gathered on John's Bridge after Green's Bridge collapsed. John's Bridge also collapsed, and sixteen people died. The present-day John's Bridge was completed in 1910 and spans 140 ft (43 m) across the River Nore. It was reputedly, at the time it was completed, the longest single-span reinforced bridge in Ireland or Britain. The design was by Mouchel & Partners using the Hennebique system of reinforcement. The arch consists of three ribs, tapering from 2 ft 6 in (0.76 m) to 2 ft (0.61 m) deep. The traverse deck beams are each 2 ft (0.61 m) deep. </p><p>The Ossory Bridge, linking the ring road, was completed in 1984 and features an inlaid sculpture. St Francis Bridge was opened in May 2017,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and forms part of the <a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_Central_Access_Scheme" title="Kilkenny Central Access Scheme">Kilkenny Central Access Scheme</a>. The scheme and the proposed building of the new bridge was the subject of some debate and protest in Kilkenny in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lady Desart Bridge and Ossory Pedestrian bridge are the city's two pedestrian/cycle bridges. Lady Desart Bridge was opened in January 2014 and links John's Quay and Bateman Quay and is located between John's Bridge and Green's Bridge. The Ossory Pedestrian bridge, located underneath the main Ossory bridge, links the Canal Walk on one side of the River Nore to the Lacken Walk on the other side. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Old_Woollen_Mills">Old Woollen Mills</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Old Woollen Mills"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Old Woollen Mills was built in the 1800s and is located on the north side of the city, on Bleach Road. It was one of the largest employers in the area; the site covers 90,000 square feet (8,400 m<sup>2</sup>) and has more than a mile of river frontage onto the Nore.<sup id="cite_ref-salvage_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-salvage-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among its many features is a freestanding red brick chimney, erected in 1905.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An architectural salvage and antique yard, Kilkenny Architectural Salvage, is currently located on the site.<sup id="cite_ref-salvage_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-salvage-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Ireland" title="Culture of Ireland">Culture of Ireland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish people</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Marys_Cathedral_in_Kilkenny.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/St._Marys_Cathedral_in_Kilkenny.jpg/170px-St._Marys_Cathedral_in_Kilkenny.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/St._Marys_Cathedral_in_Kilkenny.jpg/255px-St._Marys_Cathedral_in_Kilkenny.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/St._Marys_Cathedral_in_Kilkenny.jpg/340px-St._Marys_Cathedral_in_Kilkenny.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1924" data-file-height="2460" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Kilkenny" title="St Mary's Cathedral, Kilkenny">St. Mary's Cathedral, Kilkenny</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Stables,_Kilkenny_Castle,_Cill_Chainnigh,_%C3%89ire_(46594981591).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Old_Stables%2C_Kilkenny_Castle%2C_Cill_Chainnigh%2C_%C3%89ire_%2846594981591%29.jpg/170px-Old_Stables%2C_Kilkenny_Castle%2C_Cill_Chainnigh%2C_%C3%89ire_%2846594981591%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Old_Stables%2C_Kilkenny_Castle%2C_Cill_Chainnigh%2C_%C3%89ire_%2846594981591%29.jpg/255px-Old_Stables%2C_Kilkenny_Castle%2C_Cill_Chainnigh%2C_%C3%89ire_%2846594981591%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Old_Stables%2C_Kilkenny_Castle%2C_Cill_Chainnigh%2C_%C3%89ire_%2846594981591%29.jpg/340px-Old_Stables%2C_Kilkenny_Castle%2C_Cill_Chainnigh%2C_%C3%89ire_%2846594981591%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Kilkenny Design Centre</figcaption></figure> <p>Kilkenny is a popular tourist destination in the <a href="/wiki/South-East_Region,_Ireland" title="South-East Region, Ireland">South-East Region</a> of Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its art galleries, historic buildings, craft and design workshops, theatre, comedy, public gardens and museums are some of the main reasons Kilkenny has become one of Ireland's most visited towns and a base from which to explore the surrounding countryside.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Points of cultural interest in the area include <a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_Castle" title="Kilkenny Castle">Kilkenny Castle</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Canice%27s_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Canice's Cathedral">St. Canice's Cathedral</a> and round tower, <a href="/wiki/Rothe_House" title="Rothe House">Rothe House</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Kilkenny" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Mary's Cathedral, Kilkenny">St. Mary's Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kells_Priory" title="Kells Priory">Kells Priory</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Tholsel,_Kilkenny" title="The Tholsel, Kilkenny">Kilkenny Town Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_Abbey" title="Black Abbey">Black Abbey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Butler_Gallery" title="Butler Gallery">Butler Gallery</a>. The latter re-opened in August 2020, having moved to a new location in Evan's Home from the former basement kitchen of Kilkenny Castle.<sup id="cite_ref-rte2020_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rte2020-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts_and_festivals">Arts and festivals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Arts and festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kilkenny is a festival location throughout the year. </p><p>Kilkenny Tradfest takes place over the St. Patrick's Day weekend in March and includes the St. Patrick's Day festivities, the parade and the Tradfest music festival, which highlights Irish traditional and folk music.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Kilkenny Roots Festival is held on the first weekend of May and features Americana/Bluegrass/Folk/Rockabilly/AltCountry artists in various indoor venues throughout the city. Since 1998 the festival has attracted musicians from the Americana/Roots genre, including <a href="/wiki/Calexico_(band)" title="Calexico (band)">Calexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giant_Sand" title="Giant Sand">Giant Sand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Adams" title="Ryan Adams">Ryan Adams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Escovedo" title="Alejandro Escovedo">Alejandro Escovedo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guy_Clark" title="Guy Clark">Guy Clark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Prophet" title="Chuck Prophet">Chuck Prophet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ray_LaMontagne" title="Ray LaMontagne">Ray LaMontagne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Fontaine" title="Richmond Fontaine">Richmond Fontaine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Crowell" title="Rodney Crowell">Rodney Crowell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phosphorescent_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Phosphorescent (band)">Phosphorescent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sturgill_Simpson" title="Sturgill Simpson">Sturgill Simpson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alabama_Shakes" title="Alabama Shakes">Alabama Shakes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kilkennyroots.com_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kilkennyroots.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kilkenny hosts the annual <a href="/wiki/Cat_Laughs" title="Cat Laughs">Cat Laughs</a> comedy festival every June bank holiday week. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_Arts_Festival" title="Kilkenny Arts Festival">Kilkenny Arts Festival</a> established in the 1970s takes place in late August. During this time Kilkenny plays host to contemporary art, with theatre, dance, visual art, literature, film, painting, sculptures and live performances. Musical events, including traditional, classical, world music and jazz, take place during the festival. </p><p>Savour Kilkenny is a food festival which happens in October every year.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November, Kilkenny stages Kilkenomics, the world's first economics and comedy festival.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Venues such as the Watergate Theatre host a range of home-produced and touring performances in dance, music and theatre. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ireland" title="Music of Ireland">Music of Ireland</a></div> <p>Music groups from the Kilkenny area include <a href="/wiki/Folk_music_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk music of Ireland">traditional musicians</a> as well as bands like <a href="/wiki/Kerbdog" title="Kerbdog">Kerbdog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Engine_Alley" title="Engine Alley">Engine Alley</a> and <a href="/wiki/My_Little_Funhouse" title="My Little Funhouse">My Little Funhouse</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Other groups include <a href="/wiki/R.S.A.G." title="R.S.A.G.">R.S.A.G.</a>, whose double album <i>Organic Sampler</i> received a <a href="/wiki/Irish_Album_of_the_Year_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Album of the Year 2008">Choice Music Prize</a> nomination for Irish Album of the Year 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some pubs have <a href="/wiki/Irish_traditional_music_session" title="Irish traditional music session">Irish traditional music sessions</a>. The Kilkenny Roots Festival takes place each May Bank Holiday weekend.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kilkenny is mentioned in several songs, including in "When You Danced With Me" on <a href="/wiki/ABBA" title="ABBA">ABBA</a>'s 2021 album <i><a href="/wiki/Voyage_(ABBA_album)" title="Voyage (ABBA album)">Voyage</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_Arts_Festival" title="Kilkenny Arts Festival">Kilkenny Arts Festival</a> is held every August. A concert, 'Source', is held in <a href="/wiki/Nowlan_Park" title="Nowlan Park">Nowlan Park</a> and has attracted musical performers such as <a href="/wiki/Rod_Stewart" title="Rod Stewart">Rod Stewart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shania_Twain" title="Shania Twain">Shania Twain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Simon" title="Paul Simon">Paul Simon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Bocelli" title="Andrea Bocelli">Andrea Bocelli</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dolly_Parton" title="Dolly Parton">Dolly Parton</a> headlined at the 2008 event. <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a> played 2 consecutive nights in July 2013 to finish the European leg of his World tour. </p><p><a href="/wiki/St_Canice%27s_Cathedral" title="St Canice's Cathedral">St Canice's Cathedral</a> sometimes hosts classical musicians and choirs. The Kilkenny Choir and a gospel choir have performed in churches throughout the town. Groups like <a href="/wiki/Ex_Cathedra" title="Ex Cathedra">Ex Cathedra</a> have played during the Kilkenny Arts Festival. Cleere's pub and theatre on Parliament Street are known for touring Irish and international bands including indie, jazz and blues. They also have a traditional music session every Monday night, as does Ryan's on Friary Street on Thursdays.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatre">Theatre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Theatre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Irish_theatre" title="Irish theatre">Irish theatre</a></div> <p>Kilkenny had a tradition of dramatic performance going back to 1366 when the Dublin company set up in Kilkenny. Henry Burkhead printed a play in Kilkenny, <i>Cola's Fury, or Lirenda's Misery</i> (1645), dealing with events of the Irish <a href="/wiki/Rebellion_of_1641" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebellion of 1641">Rebellion of 1641</a> from an English standpoint. It was a blatantly political work with the Lirenda of the title being an anagram of Ireland. In 1642, as a result of the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>, Dublin <a href="/wiki/Cavalier" title="Cavalier">Royalists</a> were forced to flee the city. Many of them went to Kilkenny to join a <a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_Confederacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilkenny Confederacy">confederacy</a> of Old English and Irish that formed in that city. </p><p>In 1802 Sir Richard and Sir John Power of Kilfane established the Kilkenny Private Theatre.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Watergate Theatre in Kilkenny is a centre for the performing and visual arts.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It provides a varied programme of professional and amateur dramatics, classical and contemporary music, opera and dance, together with exhibitions of paintings and photographs. The Set Theatre is a smaller theatre located on John Street in Kilkenny.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Award-winning animated studio <a href="/wiki/Cartoon_Saloon" title="Cartoon Saloon">Cartoon Saloon</a>, as well as the film production companies <a href="/wiki/Young_Irish_Film_Makers" title="Young Irish Film Makers">Young Irish Film Makers</a> and Mycrofilms, are all based in Kilkenny.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kilkenny has also hosted the Subtitle European Film Festival each November since 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Radio">Radio</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/KCLR_96FM" title="KCLR 96FM">KCLR</a> radio station serves counties <a href="/wiki/County_Carlow" title="County Carlow">Carlow</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_Kilkenny" title="County Kilkenny">Kilkenny</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is based at both the Broadcast Centre on the Carlow Road, Kilkenny and Exchequer House, Potato Market, Carlow. <a href="/wiki/KCLR_96FM" title="KCLR 96FM">KCLR</a> is available on 96FM and is an independent local <a href="/wiki/Radio_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio station">radio station</a>. As of 2009, KCLR had 60% weekly reach and 33% weekday share.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/KCLR_96FM" title="KCLR 96FM">KCLR 96FM</a> began broadcasting in May 2004 replacing Radio Kilkenny. </p><p>Radio Kilkenny, which began as a pirate station Kilkenny Community Radio,<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> received a licensed to broadcast to Kilkenny city and county on 96.0 MHz,96.6 MHz and 106.3 MHz in 1988. Radio Kilkenny had 63% of the radio listeners in County Kilkenny and 16% in County Carlow but failed to secure a franchise in 2003 when the <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_Commission_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadcasting Commission of Ireland">Broadcasting Commission of Ireland</a> changed the station's franchise area to include Carlow. The station ceased broadcasting at 2:10 a.m. on 1 January 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Beat_102-103" class="mw-redirect" title="Beat 102-103">Beat 102-103</a> is a regional youth radio station broadcasting across the South East of Ireland. It serves a population of about 450,000, and in August 2006 it had a 49% share of the southeast market. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Print_media">Print media</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Print media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of newspapers in Ireland">List of newspapers in Ireland</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Finn%27s_Leinster_Journal_1794.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Finn%27s_Leinster_Journal_1794.jpg/170px-Finn%27s_Leinster_Journal_1794.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Finn%27s_Leinster_Journal_1794.jpg/255px-Finn%27s_Leinster_Journal_1794.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Finn%27s_Leinster_Journal_1794.jpg/340px-Finn%27s_Leinster_Journal_1794.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1952" data-file-height="3288" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Finns_Leinster_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Finns Leinster Journal">Finns Leinster Journal</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>Newspapers have been produced in Kilkenny for centuries. Longstanding examples include <i><a href="/wiki/Finns_Leinster_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Finns Leinster Journal">Finns Leinster Journal</a></i> (later the <i><a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilkenny Journal">Kilkenny Journal</a></i>) from 1767 to 1965, the <i><a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_People" title="Kilkenny People">Kilkenny People</a></i> from 1916 to 1992, and the <i>Kilkenny Moderator</i> from 1814 to 1916.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other papers included the <i>Leinster Independent</i> from 1872; the <i>Kilkenny Chronicle</i> from 1813; the <i>Kilkenny Courier</i>; <i>Tipperary Examiner</i> from 1858; the <i>Kilkenny Express</i> and the <i>Wexford Express</i> from 1875; <i>The Post</i> (a sister paper to <i>Kilkenny People</i>) from 1926; the <i>Kilkenny Standard</i> from 1979, the <i>Kilkenny People</i> in 1895, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Kilkenny_Voice" title="The Kilkenny Voice">The Kilkenny Voice</a></i> (2005–2008) and also the <i>Kilkenny Advertiser</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Finns_Leinster_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Finns Leinster Journal">Finn's Leinster Journal</a></i> (1767–1801) was founded by Edmund Finn in 1767. It was published in Kilkenny but some content was relevant to Carlow. It was continued as <i><a href="/wiki/Leinster_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Leinster Journal">Leinster Journal</a></i> (1801–1830) and the <i>Kilkenny Journal</i> from 1832.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Moderator</i> (1814–1822) changed its name to <i>Kilkenny Moderator</i> 1822–1919 and reverted to <i>Moderator</i> from 1920 to 1925. </p><p>The modern <i>Kilkenny People</i> was first published in 1895. It is a weekly paper. According to the <a href="/wiki/Audit_Bureau_of_Circulations_(UK)" title="Audit Bureau of Circulations (UK)">Audit Bureau of Circulations</a>, the <i>Kilkenny People</i> had an average weekly <a href="/wiki/Newspaper_circulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspaper circulation">circulation</a> of 17,578 for the first six months of 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is printed by the <i>Kilkenny People Group</i> at Purcellsinch and the group also publishes a number of other regional papers.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Photography">Photography</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Photography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Photographic Collections of Kilkenny include the <i>Lawrence Collection</i> c. 1900, the <i>Crawford Collection</i> c. 1940, the <i>Valentine Collection</i> c. 1950, the <i>Bolton Street Students' Survey</i> c. 1970, the <i>Industrial Archaeologica Survey</i> c. 1989, the <i>Carrigan Collection</i> and the <i>St. John's Parish Collection</i>, as well as many historical postcards.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kilkenny_city_panorama_2006-01-29.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panorama of Kilkenny"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Kilkenny_city_panorama_2006-01-29.jpg/800px-Kilkenny_city_panorama_2006-01-29.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Kilkenny_city_panorama_2006-01-29.jpg/1200px-Kilkenny_city_panorama_2006-01-29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Kilkenny_city_panorama_2006-01-29.jpg/1600px-Kilkenny_city_panorama_2006-01-29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="13229" data-file-height="1436" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Kilkenny_city_panorama_2006-01-29.jpg" title="File:Kilkenny city panorama 2006-01-29.jpg"> </a></div>Panorama of Kilkenny</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Community">Community</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Community"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Awards">Awards</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kilkenny was named as the Academy of Urbanism European Great Town for 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Academy Chairman, John Thompson, said: "it is great to have an Irish town coming through in this year's awards, especially Kilkenny which is coming to terms with economic growth without losing its wonderful character and humour". Kilkenny won the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Tidy_Towns_Competition" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Tidy Towns Competition">Irish Tidy Towns Competition</a> in 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Twinned_cities">Twinned cities</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Twinned cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kilkenny is twinned with <a href="/wiki/Moret-sur-Loing" title="Moret-sur-Loing">Moret-sur-Loing</a> in France,<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Formigine" title="Formigine">Formigine</a> in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Education in the Republic of Ireland">Education in the Republic of Ireland</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Berkeley_by_John_Smibert.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/George_Berkeley_by_John_Smibert.jpg/170px-George_Berkeley_by_John_Smibert.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/George_Berkeley_by_John_Smibert.jpg/255px-George_Berkeley_by_John_Smibert.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/George_Berkeley_by_John_Smibert.jpg/340px-George_Berkeley_by_John_Smibert.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3258" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/George_Berkeley" title="George Berkeley">George Berkeley</a> who attended <a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_College" title="Kilkenny College">Kilkenny College</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Kilkenny is the home of many noted secondary schools, including the Church of Ireland <a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_College" title="Kilkenny College">Kilkenny College</a>, founded in 1538. This is one of the oldest schools in the country, and its past pupils include <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Swift" title="Jonathan Swift">Jonathan Swift</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Berkeley" title="George Berkeley">George Berkeley</a>. </p><p><i>A quote from an article "The Berkeley Pavilion" by Patsy Dempsey – Bishop George Berkeley (1685–1753) was one of the great philosophers of his time. He was born near Kilkenny and lived in Dysart Castle, Thomastown. Berkeley studied at Kilkenny College (now <a href="/wiki/County_Hall,_Kilkenny" title="County Hall, Kilkenny">County Hall</a>) from 1696–1700, where Jonathan Swift was a predecessor.</i> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StKierans2006-07-10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/StKierans2006-07-10.jpg/220px-StKierans2006-07-10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/StKierans2006-07-10.jpg/330px-StKierans2006-07-10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/StKierans2006-07-10.jpg/440px-StKierans2006-07-10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="473" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St_Kieran%27s_College" title="St Kieran's College">St Kieran's College</a> Kilkenny</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/St._Kieran%27s_College" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Kieran's College">St. Kieran's College</a> was founded in 1782 and was the first Roman Catholic secondary school in Ireland. It was created after <a href="/wiki/Grattan%27s_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Grattan's Parliament">Grattan's Parliament</a> which permitted some relaxation of the <a href="/wiki/Penal_Laws_against_Irish_Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Penal Laws against Irish Catholics">Penal Laws</a> in the country. <a href="/wiki/St._Patrick%27s_Industrial_School,_Kilkenny" title="St. Patrick's Industrial School, Kilkenny">St. Patrick's Industrial School, Kilkenny</a> was founded in 1879, and closed in 1966. There are a number of other second-level schools, including <a href="/wiki/Loreto_Secondary_School_Kilkenny,_Kilkenny" class="mw-redirect" title="Loreto Secondary School Kilkenny, Kilkenny">Loreto Secondary School</a>, <a href="/wiki/CBS_Kilkenny" title="CBS Kilkenny">CBS Kilkenny</a>, Coláiste Pobail Osraí, Presentation College and the Kilkenny City Vocational School. Other schools located in the rural areas of the county are Castlecomer Community School, Colaiste Mhuire Johnstown, Scoil Airigeal Ballyhale, St. Brigid's Callan, Grennan College Thomastown and Callan CBS. These also are noted for their focus on the games of hurling and camogie. Gaelscoil Osrai an Irish school in Kilkenny, is the 2nd largest Irish-only school in Ireland with around 450 from Junior Infants to 6th Class. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Maynooth_University" title="Maynooth University">Maynooth University</a> maintained a campus at the grounds of St. Kieran's College from September 1997 until June 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The university offered the first year of full-time arts degrees in Kilkenny, with students attending second and third year courses on the main campus in Maynooth.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads">Roads</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Roads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/National_primary_road" title="National primary road">national primary routes</a> serving Kilkenny include the <a href="/wiki/N10_road_(Ireland)" title="N10 road (Ireland)">N10</a> (connecting to the <a href="/wiki/M9_motorway_(Ireland)" title="M9 motorway (Ireland)">M9 motorway</a> Dublin/Carlow/Waterford route), the <a href="/wiki/N77_road_(Ireland)" title="N77 road (Ireland)">N77</a> (connecting to Portlaoise and the <a href="/wiki/M7_motorway_(Ireland)" title="M7 motorway (Ireland)">M7 motorway</a>), and <a href="/wiki/N76_road_(Ireland)" title="N76 road (Ireland)">N76</a> (connecting to <a href="/wiki/Clonmel" title="Clonmel">Clonmel</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railway">Railway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Railway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Ireland" title="Rail transport in Ireland">Rail transport in Ireland</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kilkenny_Railway_Station,_2024-03-22_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Kilkenny_Railway_Station%2C_2024-03-22_01.jpg/220px-Kilkenny_Railway_Station%2C_2024-03-22_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Kilkenny_Railway_Station%2C_2024-03-22_01.jpg/330px-Kilkenny_Railway_Station%2C_2024-03-22_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Kilkenny_Railway_Station%2C_2024-03-22_01.jpg/440px-Kilkenny_Railway_Station%2C_2024-03-22_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilkenny railway station">Kilkenny railway station</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilkenny railway station">Kilkenny railway station</a> opened on 12 May 1848.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kilkenny acquired <a href="/wiki/Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway">railway</a> links to <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> in 1850, <a href="/wiki/Waterford" title="Waterford">Waterford</a> in 1854, <a href="/wiki/Portlaoise" title="Portlaoise">Portlaoise</a> in 1876 and <a href="/wiki/Castlecomer" title="Castlecomer">Castlecomer</a> in 1919. <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3ras_Iompair_%C3%89ireann" class="mw-redirect" title="Córas Iompair Éireann">Córas Iompair Éireann</a> closed the Castlecomer and Kilkenny Junction lines in 1962. Kilkenny railway station was renamed McDonagh Station in 1966 after the Irish nationalist, poet and playwright <a href="/wiki/Thomas_MacDonagh" title="Thomas MacDonagh">Thomas MacDonagh</a>. Kilkenny is a stop on <a href="/wiki/Iarnr%C3%B3d_%C3%89ireann" title="Iarnród Éireann">Iarnród Éireann</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Inter-city_rail" title="Inter-city rail">Intercity</a> route between Dublin and Waterford. </p><p>From Kilkenny station trains run on the <a href="/wiki/Dublin%E2%80%93Waterford_railway_line" title="Dublin–Waterford railway line">Dublin–Waterford railway line</a>, providing connections in <a href="/wiki/Waterford_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterford railway station">Waterford</a> to <a href="/wiki/Clonmel_railway_station" title="Clonmel railway station">Clonmel</a> and stations to <a href="/wiki/Limerick_Junction" class="mw-redirect" title="Limerick Junction">Limerick Junction</a>. At <a href="/wiki/Kildare_railway_station" title="Kildare railway station">Kildare</a> connecting trains provide links to <a href="/wiki/Ballina_railway_station" title="Ballina railway station">Ballina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Westport_railway_station,_Mayo" class="mw-redirect" title="Westport railway station, Mayo">Westport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galway_railway_station" title="Galway railway station">Galway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ennis_railway_station" title="Ennis railway station">Ennis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ballybrophy_railway_station" title="Ballybrophy railway station">Ballybrophy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nenagh_railway_station" title="Nenagh railway station">Nenagh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limerick_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Limerick railway station">Limerick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Killarney_railway_station" title="Killarney railway station">Killarney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tralee_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Tralee railway station">Tralee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cork_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Cork railway station">Cork</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_Airport" title="Kilkenny Airport">Kilkenny Airport</a> is only used for private flying. The nearest airports with scheduled services are <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Airport" title="Dublin Airport">Dublin Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cork_Airport" title="Cork Airport">Cork Airport</a>, which are both in the region of 150 km away. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industry">Industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kilkenny_St._Canice%27s_Cathedral_Round_Tower_View_to_Kilkenny_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Kilkenny_St._Canice%27s_Cathedral_Round_Tower_View_to_Kilkenny_10.jpg/220px-Kilkenny_St._Canice%27s_Cathedral_Round_Tower_View_to_Kilkenny_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Kilkenny_St._Canice%27s_Cathedral_Round_Tower_View_to_Kilkenny_10.jpg/330px-Kilkenny_St._Canice%27s_Cathedral_Round_Tower_View_to_Kilkenny_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Kilkenny_St._Canice%27s_Cathedral_Round_Tower_View_to_Kilkenny_10.jpg/440px-Kilkenny_St._Canice%27s_Cathedral_Round_Tower_View_to_Kilkenny_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4584" data-file-height="3287" /></a><figcaption>View of Kilkenny from <a href="/wiki/St._Canice%27s_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Canice's Cathedral">St. Canice's Cathedral</a> to <a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Kilkenny" title="St Mary's Cathedral, Kilkenny">St. Mary's Cathedral</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guinness_%26_Co._-_Kilkenny_Irish_Red,_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Guinness_%26_Co._-_Kilkenny_Irish_Red%2C_2019.jpg/220px-Guinness_%26_Co._-_Kilkenny_Irish_Red%2C_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Guinness_%26_Co._-_Kilkenny_Irish_Red%2C_2019.jpg/330px-Guinness_%26_Co._-_Kilkenny_Irish_Red%2C_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Guinness_%26_Co._-_Kilkenny_Irish_Red%2C_2019.jpg/440px-Guinness_%26_Co._-_Kilkenny_Irish_Red%2C_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="1021" /></a><figcaption>A sign for <a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_(beer)" title="Kilkenny (beer)">Kilkenny</a> <a href="/wiki/Irish_red_ale" title="Irish red ale">Irish red ale</a> in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The city has a history of <a href="/wiki/Brewing" title="Brewing">brewing</a> and was home to <a href="/wiki/Smithwick%27s" title="Smithwick's">St. Francis Abbey Brewery</a> which was founded in the early 18th century by Messrs Cole and Smithwick. The Guinness Ireland Group owned this brewery since the 1960s. At the beginning of the 21st century, Guinness merged with Grand Metropolitan plc to form <a href="/wiki/Diageo" title="Diageo">Diageo</a>, the world's largest alcoholic beverage business, and the brewery became part of Diageo Global Supply. In its final years, <a href="/wiki/Smithwick%27s_Ale" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithwick's Ale">Smithwick's Ale</a> formed only a small percentage of production there. Another product was <a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_(beer)" title="Kilkenny (beer)">Kilkenny ale</a>, a close relation of Smithwick's ale. Some 80% of the beer produced at the brewery was <a href="/wiki/Budweiser_(Anheuser-Busch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Budweiser (Anheuser-Busch)">Budweiser</a>, a brand not owned by Diageo, but produced under licence. <a href="/wiki/Diageo" title="Diageo">Diageo</a> announced in May 2008 the closure of St. Francis Abbey Brewery, which took place on 31 December 2013. Production was then moved to St. James's Gate Brewery, Dublin.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cooperatives">Cooperatives</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Cooperatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kilkenny is also home to the head offices of <a href="/wiki/Glanbia" title="Glanbia">Glanbia</a>, one of the world's top dairy companies. Glanbia was formed by the <a href="/wiki/Merger" class="mw-redirect" title="Merger">merger</a> of two dairy businesses: <a href="/wiki/Avonmore_(Cooperative)" class="mw-redirect" title="Avonmore (Cooperative)">Avonmore</a> and Waterford Foods and has interests in Ireland, the United Kingdom, the United States and more than 30 other countries. </p><p>County Kilkenny Village Creameries amalgamated to create the <a href="/wiki/Avonmore_(Cooperative)" class="mw-redirect" title="Avonmore (Cooperative)">Avonmore</a> Creameries brand in 1966. That coop became Avonmore Food plc in 1988 and joined with Waterford Food plc in 1997. It is today known as the global Food giant, Glanbia, one of the world's top nutrition companies, with revenues of over €3.5 billion and 5,815 employees.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1966 over 30 local creameries created by local farmers joined with other small rural co-operative societies throughout County Kilkenny and some neighbouring counties, and together with <a href="/wiki/Uniq_plc" title="Uniq plc">Unigate</a> Limited support, formed the Avonmore Creameries Federation.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Glanbia Collections in Kilkenny Archives at <a href="/wiki/St_Kieran%27s_College" title="St Kieran's College">St Kieran's College</a>, Kilkenny, the Avonmore Coop brand was created through the merger of several dozen village creameries throughout County Kilkenny.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Realising the benefits of increased scale and greater diversification in the 1960s, they saw the need for an amalgamation of many small, locally focused co-operatives across Ireland. It led to the construction of a new multi-purpose Avonmore dairy plant facility in <a href="/wiki/Ballyragget" title="Ballyragget">Ballyragget</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Kilkenny" title="County Kilkenny">County Kilkenny</a>, a plant they claimed was the biggest food processing facility in Europe at that time. Today that giant global entity is known as <a href="/wiki/Glanbia" title="Glanbia">Glanbia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Glanbia has its origins in the Irish agricultural co-operative movement that evolved over the last century, ever since first Irish Co-operative founded by <a href="/wiki/Horace_Plunkett" title="Horace Plunkett">Horace Plunkett</a> in 1889. Today <a href="/wiki/Glanbia" title="Glanbia">Glanbia</a> has operations in 34 countries<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is exporting to more than 100 countries worldwide. Glanbia is ranked by revenue (2010 figures) in the top 100 Cooperatives,<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No 98 in the world and No 1 in Ireland by the <a href="/wiki/International_Co-operative_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="International Co-operative Alliance">International Co-operative Alliance</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the global apex organisation of co-operatives worldwide. </p><p>The Ballyhale C.D.S. (1895–1995) 100th-anniversary booklet of its foundation records that a federation of 25 Co-op Creameries originally emerged in January 1965 under the umbrella of Avonmore Creameries Ltd., that shares were taken in the new entity by the society and that in following years a Ballyragget milk processing factory was built. Ireland entered the Common Market in 1970. The first bulk milk collection took place in 1973, when the amalgamation was formalised.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other">Other</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Recent developments in Kilkenny have attracted further investment from local businesses as well as attracting new industries. Leggetsrath Business Park was opened in 2003. There are two retail warehouse parks in Kilkenny: Kilkenny Retail Park and Ormonde Retail Park. Hebron Business Park was constructed in 2002 and is a privately owned extension to the Hebron Industrial Estate, the main centre for industry in Kilkenny. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hospitals">Hospitals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Hospitals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of hospitals in the Republic of Ireland">List of hospitals in the Republic of Ireland</a></div> <p>Hospitals in Kilkenny include three public hospitals and one private hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/St._Luke%27s_General_Hospital" title="St. Luke's General Hospital">St. Luke's</a> is a general medical and surgical hospital built in 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is based on Freshford Road and provides a range of local and regional services. Local services include medical, general surgery, obstetrics, gynaecology and paediatrics. <a href="/wiki/St._Canice%27s_Hospital" title="St. Canice's Hospital">St. Canice's</a> is a psychiatric hospital, opened in 1852 and located on the Dublin Road.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It provides a range of mental health services including acute and long stay care, out-patient services throughout the county, addiction counselling services, respite care community hostel facilities and daycare facilities. It also provides paediatric physiotherapy, and occupational therapy. <a href="/wiki/Kilcreene_Orthopaedic_Hospital" title="Kilcreene Orthopaedic Hospital">Kilcreene</a> is the regional orthopaedic hospital outside the city in Kilcreene. <a href="/wiki/Aut_Even_Hospital" title="Aut Even Hospital">Aut Even</a> is a private hospital based outside Kilkenny City.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Ireland" title="Sport in Ireland">Sport in Ireland</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Athletics">Athletics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Athletics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Kilkenny City Harriers Club is an athletics club formed in 1953.<sup id="cite_ref-harriers_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harriers-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1989 Kilkenny was designated as a local sports centre and an all-weather running track and facilities designed to meet <a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Athletics_Federations" class="mw-redirect" title="International Association of Athletics Federations">International Association of Athletics Federations</a> standards was begun.<sup id="cite_ref-harriers_99-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harriers-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1992 the new track was officially opened and renamed Scanlon Park after Patrick 'Rusty' Scanlon, who had been associated with the old complex both as an athlete and as a soccer player.<sup id="cite_ref-harriers_99-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harriers-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GAA">GAA</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: GAA"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The County Board of <a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_GAA" title="Kilkenny GAA">Kilkenny GAA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: <i lang="ga">Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Coiste Cill Channaigh</i>) has its head office and main grounds at <a href="/wiki/Nowlan_Park" title="Nowlan Park">Nowlan Park</a> in the city. The Kilkenny branch of the <a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Athletic_Association" title="Gaelic Athletic Association">GAA</a> was founded in 1887. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hurling" title="Hurling">Hurling</a> is the dominant sport in the city and county, and Kilkenny has one of the most successful county hurling teams. Secondary schools noted for their contribution to the game include <a href="/wiki/St._Kieran%27s_College" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Kieran's College">St. Kieran's College</a> and Christian Brothers School (CBS).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Former students who have played for St. Kieran's include <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Keher" title="Eddie Keher">Eddie Keher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Cody" title="Brian Cody">Brian Cody</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eoin_Kelly_(Tipperary_hurler)" title="Eoin Kelly (Tipperary hurler)">Eoin Kelly</a>, <a href="/wiki/DJ_Carey" class="mw-redirect" title="DJ Carey">DJ Carey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Shefflin" title="Henry Shefflin">Henry Shefflin</a>. There are three GAA clubs based in the city: <a href="/wiki/O%27Loughlin_Gaels_GAA" title="O'Loughlin Gaels GAA">O'Loughlin Gaels GAA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dicksboro_GAA" title="Dicksboro GAA">Dicksboro GAA</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Stephens_(GAA_Club)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Stephens (GAA Club)">James Stephens (GAA Club)</a>. St John's Parish is the catchment area for O'Loughlin Gaels. The parishes of St Mary's and St Canice's are associated with Dicksboro. St Patrick's parish is the catchment area for the James Stephens club.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_football" title="Gaelic football">Gaelic football</a> is also played in Kilkenny, although it is not as popular as it is in some other Irish counties. The Kilkenny footballers are the only county not to participate in the <a href="/wiki/All-Ireland_Senior_Football_Championship" title="All-Ireland Senior Football Championship">All-Ireland Senior Football Championship</a>. They have previously taken gap years away from League football, and for example did not participate in 2013, after poor runs in 2012 and 2011.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Association_football">Association football</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Association football"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_City_AFC" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilkenny City AFC">Kilkenny City AFC</a> played in the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Ireland" title="League of Ireland">League of Ireland</a> until January 2008. It entered the league as EMFA in 1986, but resigned its position in the league after 22 years citing "lack of finance, poor results and paltry attendances". The club had spent all but two seasons in the League of Ireland's second tier. Kilkenny and District Soccer League run leagues at schoolboy, youth and junior levels throughout the county. It is affiliated with the Leinster Football Association, <a href="/wiki/Football_Association_of_Ireland" title="Football Association of Ireland">Football Association of Ireland</a> and the Schoolboy's Football Association of Ireland.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2015 <a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_United_W.F.C." title="Kilkenny United W.F.C.">Kilkenny United W.F.C.</a> were admitted to the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_National_League_(Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's National League (Ireland)">Women's National League</a>, the top tier of women's football in Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rugby">Rugby</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Rugby"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_RFC" title="Kilkenny RFC">Kilkenny RFC</a> founded in 1885,<sup id="cite_ref-O'Mahony_2009_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Mahony_2009-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a> club based at Foulkstown on the Waterford Road.<sup id="cite_ref-KKRFC_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KKRFC-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The club has provided a number players for the Ireland national team, including <a href="/wiki/Jack_Notley" title="Jack Notley">Jack Notley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willie_Duggan" title="Willie Duggan">Willie Duggan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ned_Byrne" title="Ned Byrne">Ned Byrne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronan_Kearney" title="Ronan Kearney">Ronan Kearney</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gary_Halpin" title="Gary Halpin">Gary Halpin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-KKRFC_102-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KKRFC-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ian_Dowling" title="Ian Dowling">Ian Dowling</a> plays for the Munster Rugby team and is a two-time winner of the European Rugby Cup in 2006 and 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-KKRFC_102-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KKRFC-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rugby is played at schools level by <a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_College" title="Kilkenny College">Kilkenny College</a> and Kilkenny Christian Brothers School (CBS).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Golf">Golf</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Golf"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kilkenny Golf Club is an 18-hole championship parkland course within the city to the North West, close to the city centre. It has hosted several Professional Championship events. In 1984 and 1996, it was the venue for the All Ireland Mixed Foursome Finals, and in 1985 hosted the All Ireland Cups and Shields Finals. It is playable all year round due to sand-based greens. The course is mostly flat terrain with an abundance of trees. </p><p>Around Kilkenny City, there is also a Driving Range in Newpark and an 18-hole all-weather Par 3 golf course in Pocoke. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mount_Juliet_Golf_Course" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Juliet Golf Course">Mount Juliet Golf Course</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golf</a> resort situated near Kilkenny in <a href="/wiki/Thomastown,_County_Kilkenny" title="Thomastown, County Kilkenny">Thomastown</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicklaus" title="Jack Nicklaus">Jack Nicklaus</a> designed the course, and it is considered to be one of Ireland's best courses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cycling">Cycling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Cycling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kilkenny is home to two <a href="/wiki/Cycling_Ireland" title="Cycling Ireland">Cycling Ireland</a> affiliated cycling clubs, Kilkenny Pedallers and Marble City Cyclers.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Since 2016, Kilkenny has been the base for <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1s_na_mBan" title="Rás na mBan">Rás na mBan</a>, a women's cycling event which consists of six stages over five days to a total of over 400 km.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Previous editions have featured stage finishes throughout County Kilkenny, including in Kilkenny city.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ice_hockey">Ice hockey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Ice hockey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kilkenny City Storm is a mixed <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> team which was formed in 2007,<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and plays in the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Ice_Hockey_Association" title="Irish Ice Hockey Association">Irish Ice Hockey Association</a> Recreational Division League.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The team also has an <a href="/wiki/Inline_hockey" title="Inline hockey">inline hockey</a> team, playing in the Northern Inline Hockey League and the Irish inline hockey (roller hockey) league. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_residents">Notable residents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Notable residents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Kilkenny_people" title="List of Kilkenny people">List of Kilkenny people</a></div> <p>In <i>Kilkenny: The Landed Gentry & Aristocracy</i>, Art Kavanagh<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> devotes a chapter each to eighteen of the most prominent Kilkenny families, chosen 'on a random geographical basis to ensure even distribution over the entire county', as follows: Agar of <a href="/wiki/Gowran" title="Gowran">Gowran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blunden_baronets" title="Blunden baronets">Blunden of Castle Blunden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jenkinstown_Park" title="Jenkinstown Park">Bryan of Jenkinstown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Carrick_(Ireland)" title="Earl of Carrick (Ireland)">Butler (Lords Carrick)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Butler" title="Hubert Butler">Butler of Maidenhall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viscount_Mountgarret" title="Viscount Mountgarret">Butler (Lords Mountgarret)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Ormond_(Ireland)" title="Earl of Ormond (Ireland)">Butler (Earls of Ormonde)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Desart" title="Earl of Desart">Cuffe (Lords Desart)</a>, <a href="/wiki/De_Montmorency_baronets" title="De Montmorency baronets">De Montmorency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Flood" title="Frederick Flood">Flood of Farmley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Langrishe_baronets" title="Langrishe baronets">Langrishe</a> of <a href="/wiki/Knocktopher" title="Knocktopher">Knocktopher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Juliet_Golf_%26_Spa_Hotel" title="Mount Juliet Golf & Spa Hotel">Loftus of Mount Juliet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Juliet_Golf_%26_Spa_Hotel" title="Mount Juliet Golf & Spa Hotel">McCalmont of Mount Juliet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Bessborough" title="Earl of Bessborough">Ponsonby (Earls of Bessborough)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Power_baronets" title="Power baronets">Power of Kilfane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smithwick%27s" title="Smithwick's">Smithwick of Kilcreene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_St_George_Mansergh-St_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard St George Mansergh-St George">St George</a> of <a href="/wiki/Freshford,_County_Kilkenny" title="Freshford, County Kilkenny">Freshford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Viscount_Castlecomer" title="Viscount Castlecomer">Wandesforde of Catlecomer</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/32px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/48px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/64px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1320" data-file-height="680" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ireland" title="Portal:Ireland">Ireland portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Switzer%27s_Asylum" title="Switzer's Asylum">Switzer's Asylum</a>, homes for the elderly</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_Archaeological_Society" title="Kilkenny Archaeological Society">Kilkenny Archaeological Society</a>, Ireland's first historical society, founded in 1849</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_villages_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of towns and villages in the Republic of Ireland">List of towns and villages in Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_townlands_in_County_Kilkenny" class="mw-redirect" title="List of townlands in County Kilkenny">List of townlands in County Kilkenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_abbeys_and_priories_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland#County_Kilkenny" class="mw-redirect" title="List of abbeys and priories in the Republic of Ireland">List of abbeys and priories in County Kilkenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_(beer)" title="Kilkenny (beer)">Kilkenny (beer)</a>, a brand of beer produced by Guinness</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_cat" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilkenny cat">Kilkenny cat</a>, nickname for a tenacious fighter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_(surname)" title="Kilkenny (surname)">Kilkenny (surname)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fn1-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fn1_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This mayor or these mayors is/are set "to have a sword carried before him or them within the said city, and the county of the said city, at their will and pleasure, in such manner and form as is used in any other city or cities before any Mayor or Mayors within the said Kingdom of Ireland."<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-tableF1015census2022-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tableF1015census2022_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tableF1015census2022_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tableF1015census2022_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.cso.ie/table/F1015">"F1015: Population and Average Age by Sex and List of Towns (number and percentages), 2022"</a>. <i>Census 2022</i>. Central Statistics Office. April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census+2022&rft.atitle=F1015%3A+Population+and+Average+Age+by+Sex+and+List+of+Towns+%28number+and+percentages%29%2C+2022&rft.date=2022-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.cso.ie%2Ftable%2FF1015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Room_2006-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Room_2006_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Room_2006_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoom2006">Room 2006</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://revisedacts.lawreform.ie/eli/2001/act/37/section/10/revised/en/html">"Local Government Act 2001, Section 10 (as revised)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Law_Reform_Commission_(Ireland)" title="Law Reform Commission (Ireland)">Law Reform Commission</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220706050702/http://revisedacts.lawreform.ie/eli/2001/act/37/section/10/revised/en/html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Law+Reform+Commission&rft.atitle=Local+Government+Act+2001%2C+Section+10+%28as+revised%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frevisedacts.lawreform.ie%2Feli%2F2001%2Fact%2F37%2Fsection%2F10%2Frevised%2Fen%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160127090457/http://www.kilkenny.ie/eng/about_kilkenny/history/famous_landmarks/shee_alms_house.html">"Kilkenny"</a>. <i>Kilkenny Famous Landmarks</i>. Kilkenny County Council. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kilkenny.ie/eng/about_kilkenny/history/famous_landmarks/shee_alms_house.html">the original</a> on 27 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kilkenny+Famous+Landmarks&rft.atitle=Kilkenny&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kilkenny.ie%2Feng%2Fabout_kilkenny%2Fhistory%2Ffamous_landmarks%2Fshee_alms_house.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303191948/http://www.visitkilkenny.ie/kilkenny_arts_festival">"Kilkenny Living History, Loving Culture"</a>. Kilkenny Tourism. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitkilkenny.ie/kilkenny_arts_festival">the original</a> on 3 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kilkenny+Living+History%2C+Loving+Culture&rft.pub=Kilkenny+Tourism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitkilkenny.ie%2Fkilkenny_arts_festival&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kilkennyroots.com-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kilkennyroots.com_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kilkennyroots.com_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kilkennyroots.com">"Kilkenny Roots Festival"</a>. <i>kilkennyroots.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170916035353/http://kilkennyroots.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kilkennyroots.com&rft.atitle=Kilkenny+Roots+Festival&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkilkennyroots.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/assets.ria.ie/ihta/ihta-digital/anglo-norman-towns/kilkenny/IHTA_10_Kilkenny_Text.pdf">"historic towns publication"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230119235132/https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/assets.ria.ie/ihta/ihta-digital/anglo-norman-towns/kilkenny/IHTA_10_Kilkenny_Text.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 19 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=historic+towns+publication&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fs3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com%2Fassets.ria.ie%2Fihta%2Fihta-digital%2Fanglo-norman-towns%2Fkilkenny%2FIHTA_10_Kilkenny_Text.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Graves_1857_25-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Graves_1857_25_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Graves_1857_25_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGraves1857">Graves 1857</a>, p. 25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Masters-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Masters_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMasters1085">Masters1085</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annals_of_the_Four_Masters" title="Annals of the Four Masters">Annals of the Four Masters</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100005B/index.html">vol. ii</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110112181100/http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100005B/index.html">Archived</a> 12 January 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100005B/text019.html">p. 923</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140415063635/http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100005B/text019.html">Archived</a> 15 April 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>:</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Graves-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Graves_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Graves_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGraves1857">Graves 1857</a>, p. 23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-egan1884-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-egan1884_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEgan1884">Egan 1884</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wright, Thomas, ed. A Contemporary Narrative of the Proceedings Against Dame Alice Kyteler, Prosecuted for Sorcery in 1324, by Richard de Ledrede, Bishop of Ossory. London: The Camden Society, 1843.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Ledrede1842" class="citation book cs1">De Ledrede, Richard (1842). <i>A Contemporary Narrative of the Proceedings Against Dame Alice Kyteler, Prosecuted for Sorcery in 1324</i>. Parliament Street, London: John Bowyer Nichols and Son.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Contemporary+Narrative+of+the+Proceedings+Against+Dame+Alice+Kyteler%2C+Prosecuted+for+Sorcery+in+1324.&rft.place=Parliament+Street%2C+London&rft.pub=John+Bowyer+Nichols+and+Son&rft.date=1842&rft.aulast=De+Ledrede&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Simms1961-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Simms1961_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSimms1961">Simms 1961</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-history_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defence.ie/WebSite.nsf/Release+ID/24EBEF0E6CA7F1A68025776F00359074?OpenDocument">"Minister Kileen visits Stephens Barracks in Kilkenny"</a>. Department of Defence. 29 July 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923213305/http://www.defence.ie/WebSite.nsf/Release+ID/24EBEF0E6CA7F1A68025776F00359074?OpenDocument">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Minister+Kileen+visits+Stephens+Barracks+in+Kilkenny&rft.pub=Department+of+Defence&rft.date=2010-07-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defence.ie%2FWebSite.nsf%2FRelease%2BID%2F24EBEF0E6CA7F1A68025776F00359074%3FOpenDocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SEK-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SEK_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYenne2014" class="citation book cs1">Yenne, Bill (1 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qfjZAwAAQBAJ&q=smithwicks%20was%20first%20brewed&pg=PA16"><i>Beer: The Ultimate World Tour</i></a> (illustrated ed.). Race Point Publishing. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-937994-41-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-937994-41-9"><bdi>978-1-937994-41-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230409111608/https://books.google.com/books?id=qfjZAwAAQBAJ&q=smithwicks%20was%20first%20brewed&pg=PA16">Archived</a> from the original on 9 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beer%3A+The+Ultimate+World+Tour&rft.pages=16&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Race+Point+Publishing&rft.date=2014-04-01&rft.isbn=978-1-937994-41-9&rft.aulast=Yenne&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqfjZAwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dsmithwicks%2520was%2520first%2520brewed%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KK_climate_dataA-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KK_climate_dataA_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KK_climate_dataA_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.met.ie/climate-ireland/1981-2010/kilkenny.html">"30 Year Averages in Kilkenny 1978–2008"</a>. Met Éireann. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160912145654/http://www.met.ie/climate-ireland/1981-2010/kilkenny.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=30+Year+Averages+in+Kilkenny+1978%E2%80%932008&rft.pub=Met+%C3%89ireann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.met.ie%2Fclimate-ireland%2F1981-2010%2Fkilkenny.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KK_climate_data2A-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KK_climate_data2A_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KK_climate_data2A_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KK_climate_data2A_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091029151429/http://www.kilkennyweather.com/index.php/about-us">"About us"</a>. kilkennyweather.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kilkennyweather.com/index.php/about-us">the original</a> on 29 October 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+us&rft.pub=kilkennyweather.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kilkennyweather.com%2Findex.php%2Fabout-us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KK_climate_dataB-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KK_climate_dataB_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KK_climate_dataB_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KK_climate_dataB_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KK_climate_dataB_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KK_climate_dataB_19-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KK_climate_dataB_19-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KK_climate_dataB_19-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080828044351/http://www.met.ie/about/weatherobservingstations/kilkenny.asp">"Kilkenny (Weather Observing Stations)"</a>. Met Éireann. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.met.ie/about/weatherobservingstations/kilkenny.asp">the original</a> on 28 August 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kilkenny+%28Weather+Observing+Stations%29&rft.pub=Met+%C3%89ireann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.met.ie%2Fabout%2Fweatherobservingstations%2Fkilkenny.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IRE_climate_data-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IRE_climate_data_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.met.ie/climate/temperature.asp">"Temperature in Ireland"</a>. Met Éireann. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180228220515/http://www.met.ie/climate/temperature.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Temperature+in+Ireland&rft.pub=Met+%C3%89ireann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.met.ie%2Fclimate%2Ftemperature.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KK_climate_data2B-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KK_climate_data2B_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KK_climate_data2B_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KK_climate_data2B_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KK_climate_data2B_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kilkennyweather.com/index.php/climate-change">"Climate"</a>. kilkennyweather.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100110010412/http://www.kilkennyweather.com/index.php/climate-change">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate&rft.pub=kilkennyweather.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kilkennyweather.com%2Findex.php%2Fclimate-change&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-absmax-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-absmax_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304124135/http://www.met.ie/climate-ireland/extreme_maxtemps.pdf">"Absolute Maximum Air Temperatures for each Month at Selected Stations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Met_%C3%89ireann" title="Met Éireann">Met Éireann</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.met.ie/climate-ireland/extreme_maxtemps.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Absolute+Maximum+Air+Temperatures+for+each+Month+at+Selected+Stations&rft.pub=Met+%C3%89ireann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.met.ie%2Fclimate-ireland%2Fextreme_maxtemps.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-absmin-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-absmin_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170129063649/http://www.met.ie/climate-ireland/extreme-mintemps.pdf">"Absolute Minimum Air Temperatures for each Month at Selected Stations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Met_%C3%89ireann" title="Met Éireann">Met Éireann</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.met.ie/climate-ireland/extreme-mintemps.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 29 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Absolute+Minimum+Air+Temperatures+for+each+Month+at+Selected+Stations&rft.pub=Met+%C3%89ireann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.met.ie%2Fclimate-ireland%2Fextreme-mintemps.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census_for_post_1821_figures-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census_for_post_1821_figures_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cso.ie/census">"Census for post 1821 figures"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100920090850/http://cso.ie/census/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+for+post+1821+figures.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cso.ie%2Fcensus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160507023856/http://www.histpop.org/">"Histpop – The Online Historical Population Reports Website"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.histpop.org/">the original</a> on 7 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Histpop+%E2%80%93+The+Online+Historical+Population+Reports+Website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.histpop.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNISRA" class="citation web cs1">NISRA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120217095720/http://www.nisranew.nisra.gov.uk/census/">"Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency – Census Home Page"</a>. Nisranew.nisra.gov.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nisranew.nisra.gov.uk/census">the original</a> on 17 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Northern+Ireland+Statistics+and+Research+Agency+%E2%80%93+Census+Home+Page&rft.pub=Nisranew.nisra.gov.uk&rft.au=NISRA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nisranew.nisra.gov.uk%2Fcensus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee1981" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._J._Lee_(historian)" title="J. J. Lee (historian)">Lee, JJ</a> (1981). "On the accuracy of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_(Ireland)" title="Great Famine (Ireland)">Pre-famine</a> Irish censuses". In Goldstrom, J. M.; Clarkson, L. A. (eds.). <i>Irish Population, Economy, and Society: Essays in Honour of the Late K. H. Connell</i>. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=On+the+accuracy+of+the+Pre-famine+Irish+censuses&rft.btitle=Irish+Population%2C+Economy%2C+and+Society%3A+Essays+in+Honour+of+the+Late+K.+H.+Connell&rft.place=Oxford%2C+England&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=JJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMokyrO_Grada1984" class="citation journal cs1">Mokyr, Joel; O Grada, Cormac (November 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121204160709/http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/120035880/abstract">"New Developments in Irish Population History, 1700–1850"</a>. <i>The Economic History Review</i>. <b>37</b> (4): 473–88. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1468-0289.1984.tb00344.x">10.1111/j.1468-0289.1984.tb00344.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10197%2F1406">10197/1406</a></span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/120035880/abstract">the original</a> on 4 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+History+Review&rft.atitle=New+Developments+in+Irish+Population+History%2C+1700%E2%80%931850&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=473-88&rft.date=1984-11&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10197%2F1406&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-0289.1984.tb00344.x&rft.aulast=Mokyr&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft.au=O+Grada%2C+Cormac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww3.interscience.wiley.com%2Fjournal%2F120035880%2Fabstract&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sapmap2016-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sapmap2016_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://census.cso.ie/sapmap2016/Results.aspx?Geog_Type=ST2016&Geog_Code=82A1BB79-02A9-47E6-84D0-467FE8C8A31E#SAPMAP_T1_100">"Sapmap Area – Settlements – Kilkenny"</a>. <i>Census 2016</i>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Statistics_Office_(Ireland)" title="Central Statistics Office (Ireland)">CSO</a>. 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190810172210/http://census.cso.ie/sapmap2016/Results.aspx?Geog_Type=ST2016&Geog_Code=82A1BB79-02A9-47E6-84D0-467FE8C8A31E#SAPMAP_T1_100">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census+2016&rft.atitle=Sapmap+Area+%E2%80%93+Settlements+%E2%80%93+Kilkenny&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcensus.cso.ie%2Fsapmap2016%2FResults.aspx%3FGeog_Type%3DST2016%26Geog_Code%3D82A1BB79-02A9-47E6-84D0-467FE8C8A31E%23SAPMAP_T1_100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cso2022-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cso2022_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.cso.ie/table/F1015">"Census 2022 - F1015 Population"</a>. <i>Central Statistics Office Census 2022 Reports</i>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Statistics_Office_(Ireland)" title="Central Statistics Office (Ireland)">Central Statistics Office Ireland</a>. August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Central+Statistics+Office+Census+2022+Reports&rft.atitle=Census+2022+-+F1015+Population&rft.date=2023-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.cso.ie%2Ftable%2FF1015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Table 5: Population of Towns ordered by County and size, 2002 and 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090522161020/http://www.cso.ie/studentscorner/statsfactskilkenny.htm">"Source:County Incomes and Regional GDP 2005, CSO"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cso.ie/studentscorner/statsfactskilkenny.htm">the original</a> on 22 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Source%3ACounty+Incomes+and+Regional+GDP+2005%2C+CSO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cso.ie%2Fstudentscorner%2Fstatsfactskilkenny.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071120033656/http://beyond2020.cso.ie/Census/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=10388">"Table 8: Population aged 15 years and over in the labour force, classified by intermediate occupational group and ability to speak Irish"</a>. <i>Census 2006 – Volume 9 – Irish Language</i>. CSO. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://beyond2020.cso.ie/Census/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=10388">the original</a> on 20 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census+2006+%E2%80%93+Volume+9+%E2%80%93+Irish+Language&rft.atitle=Table+8%3A+Population+aged+15+years+and+over+in+the+labour+force%2C+classified+by+intermediate+occupational+group+and+ability+to+speak+Irish&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbeyond2020.cso.ie%2FCensus%2FTableViewer%2FtableView.aspx%3FReportId%3D10388&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span> (37.6% of workforce (>15 years) classified as "Irish speakers")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=CNA28&ti=Population+(Number)+by+County,+Year+and+Religious+Denomination&path=../Database/Eirestat/Census%20of%20Population/&lang=1">"Population (Number) by County, Year and Religious Denomination"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Statistics_Office_(Ireland)" title="Central Statistics Office (Ireland)">CSO</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110607083744/http://www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=CNA28&ti=Population+%28Number%29+by+County%2C+Year+and+Religious+Denomination&path=..%2FDatabase%2FEirestat%2FCensus%20of%20Population%2F&lang=1">Archived</a> from the original on 7 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+%28Number%29+by+County%2C+Year+and+Religious+Denomination&rft.pub=CSO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cso.ie%2Fpx%2Fpxeirestat%2FDialog%2Fvarval.asp%3Fma%3DCNA28%26ti%3DPopulation%2B%28Number%29%2Bby%2BCounty%2C%2BYear%2Band%2BReligious%2BDenomination%26path%3D..%2FDatabase%2FEirestat%2FCensus%2520of%2520Population%2F%26lang%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">County of Kilkenny Local Electoral Areas and Municipal Districts Order 2018 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2018/si/621/made/en/html">S.I. No. 621 of 2018</a>). Signed on 19 December 2018. Statutory Instrument of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ireland" title="Government of Ireland">Government of Ireland</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190203084933/http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2018/si/621/made/en/print">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2019. Retrieved from <a href="/wiki/Irish_Statute_Book" title="Irish Statute Book">Irish Statute Book</a> on 11 May 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Local_Government_(Ireland)_Act_1898" title="Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898">Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898</a>, s. 22: County districts and district councils (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1898/act/37/section/22/enacted/en/html">61 & 62 Vict., c. 37 of 1898, s. 22</a>). Enacted on 12 August 1898. Act of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">UK Parliament</a>. Retrieved from <a href="/wiki/Irish_Statute_Book" title="Irish Statute Book">Irish Statute Book</a> on 3 November 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_2001" title="Local Government Act 2001">Local Government Act 2001</a>, 6th Sch.: Local Government Areas (Towns) (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2001/act/37/schedule/6/enacted/en/html">No. 37 of 2001, 6th Sch.</a>). Enacted on 21 July 2001. Act of the <a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas">Oireachtas</a>. Retrieved from <a href="/wiki/Irish_Statute_Book" title="Irish Statute Book">Irish Statute Book</a> on 3 August 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Reform_Act_2014" title="Local Government Reform Act 2014">Local Government Reform Act 2014</a>, s. 24: Dissolution of town councils and transfer date (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2014/act/1/section/24/enacted/en/html">No. 1 of 2014, s. 24</a>). Enacted on 27 January 2014. Act of the <a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas">Oireachtas</a>. Retrieved from <a href="/wiki/Irish_Statute_Book" title="Irish Statute Book">Irish Statute Book</a> on 21 May 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Local Government Reform Act 2014 (Commencement of Certain Provisions) (No. 3) Order 2014 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2014/si/214/made/en/html">S.I. No. 214 of 2014</a>). Signed on 22 May 2014 by <a href="/wiki/Phil_Hogan" title="Phil Hogan">Phil Hogan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_the_Environment,_Community_and_Local_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for the Environment, Community and Local Government">Minister for the Environment, Community and Local Government</a>. Statutory Instrument of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ireland" title="Government of Ireland">Government of Ireland</a>. Retrieved from <a href="/wiki/Irish_Statute_Book" title="Irish Statute Book">Irish Statute Book</a> on 3 November 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrim1870" class="citation journal cs1">Prim, John G. A. (1870). "The Corporation Insignia and Olden Civic State of Kilkenny". <i>The Journal of the Royal Historical and Archaeological Association of Ireland</i>. Fourth Series. <b>1</b> (1): 281–282. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25506583">25506583</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Royal+Historical+and+Archaeological+Association+of+Ireland&rft.atitle=The+Corporation+Insignia+and+Olden+Civic+State+of+Kilkenny&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=281-282&rft.date=1870&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25506583%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Prim&rft.aufirst=John+G.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayes-McCoy1960" class="citation journal cs1">Hayes-McCoy, G. A. (1960). "The Galway Sword and Mace". <i>Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society</i>. <b>29</b> (1/2): 19. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25550099">25550099</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Galway+Archaeological+and+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=The+Galway+Sword+and+Mace&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.pages=19&rft.date=1960&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25550099%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hayes-McCoy&rft.aufirst=G.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDooley" class="citation news cs1">Dooley, Chris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kilkenny-fears-loss-of-city-status-1.276137">"Kilkenny fears loss of city status"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200415021615/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/kilkenny-fears-loss-of-city-status-1.276137">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Kilkenny+fears+loss+of+city+status&rft.aulast=Dooley&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fkilkenny-fears-loss-of-city-status-1.276137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Reform_Act_2014" title="Local Government Reform Act 2014">Local Government Reform Act 2014</a>, s. 12: Local government areas (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2014/act/1/section/12/enacted/en/html">No. 1 of 2014, s. 12</a>). Enacted on 27 January 2014. Act of the <a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas">Oireachtas</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150726174154/http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/2014/en/act/pub/0001/sec0012.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2015. Retrieved from <a href="/wiki/Irish_Statute_Book" title="Irish Statute Book">Irish Statute Book</a> on 11 May 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Local Government Reform Act 2014, s. 19: Municipal districts (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2014/act/1/section/19/enacted/en/html">No. 1 of 2014, s. 19</a>). Enacted on 27 January 2014. Act of the <a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas">Oireachtas</a>. Retrieved from <a href="/wiki/Irish_Statute_Book" title="Irish Statute Book">Irish Statute Book</a> on 9 April 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An exposed rock face can still be seen from the road.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leicester Cathedral website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCeri_Norman2018" class="citation book cs1">Ceri Norman (2018). <i>Faerie Stones: An Exploration of the Folklore and Faeries Associated with Stones & Crystals</i>. John Hunt Publishing. <q><i>Kilkenny was once known as 'The Marble City' as slabs of Kilkenny Marble were used to line the city streets and in the construction of several local buildings</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Faerie+Stones%3A+An+Exploration+of+the+Folklore+and+Faeries+Associated+with+Stones+%26+Crystals&rft.pub=John+Hunt+Publishing&rft.date=2018&rft.au=Ceri+Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120804142318/http://www.heritagecouncil.ie/fileadmin/user_upload/Publications/Irish_Walled_Towns/Med_KK_Walls.pdf">"Medieval walls of Kilkenny City"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Heritagecouncil.ie</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritagecouncil.ie/fileadmin/user_upload/Publications/Irish_Walled_Towns/Med_KK_Walls.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Heritagecouncil.ie&rft.atitle=Medieval+walls+of+Kilkenny+City&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritagecouncil.ie%2Ffileadmin%2Fuser_upload%2FPublications%2FIrish_Walled_Towns%2FMed_KK_Walls.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kilkennycity.ie/eng/Services/Heritage/City_Walls_Project/">"City Walls Project"</a>. <i>Kilkennycity.ie</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924093425/http://www.kilkennycity.ie/eng/Services/Heritage/City_Walls_Project/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kilkennycity.ie&rft.atitle=City+Walls+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kilkennycity.ie%2Feng%2FServices%2FHeritage%2FCity_Walls_Project%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171125024152/http://www.kilkennycity.ie/resources/eng/Services/Heritage/Kilkenny%20City%20Walls%20Conservation%20Plan.pdf">"Kilkenny City Walls Conservation Plan"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Kilkennycity.ie</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kilkennycity.ie/resources/eng/Services/Heritage/Kilkenny%20City%20Walls%20Conservation%20Plan.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 25 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kilkennycity.ie&rft.atitle=Kilkenny+City+Walls+Conservation+Plan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kilkennycity.ie%2Fresources%2Feng%2FServices%2FHeritage%2FKilkenny%2520City%2520Walls%2520Conservation%2520Plan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cathedra-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cathedra_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genuki.org.uk:8080/big/irl/KIK/StCanice/cathedra.html">Cathedral of St. Canice</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140416020742/http://www.genuki.org.uk:8080/big/irl/KIK/StCanice/cathedra.html">Archived</a> 2014-04-16 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>, extract from <i>A Topographical Dictionary of Ireland</i> (1837)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-niahgreens-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-niahgreens_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-niahgreens_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buildingsofireland.ie/niah/search.jsp?type=record&county=KK&regno=12004007">"Green's Bridge, Kilkenny, County Kilkenny"</a>. <i>buildingsofireland.ie</i>. National Inventory of Architectural Heritage (NIAH). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181205003533/http://www.buildingsofireland.ie/niah/search.jsp?type=record&county=KK&regno=12004007">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=buildingsofireland.ie&rft.atitle=Green%27s+Bridge%2C+Kilkenny%2C+County+Kilkenny&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buildingsofireland.ie%2Fniah%2Fsearch.jsp%3Ftype%3Drecord%26county%3DKK%26regno%3D12004007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeyes2017" class="citation news cs1">Keyes, Brian (23 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kilkennypeople.ie/news/home/251334/st-francis-bridge-in-kilkenny-officially-opened.html">"St Francis Bridge in Kilkenny officially opened"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_People" title="Kilkenny People">Kilkenny People</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200615105121/https://www.kilkennypeople.ie/news/home/251334/st-francis-bridge-in-kilkenny-officially-opened.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kilkenny+People&rft.atitle=St+Francis+Bridge+in+Kilkenny+officially+opened&rft.date=2017-05-23&rft.aulast=Keyes&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kilkennypeople.ie%2Fnews%2Fhome%2F251334%2Fst-francis-bridge-in-kilkenny-officially-opened.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelaneyFoxe2019" class="citation news cs1">Delaney, Maria; Foxe, Ken (16 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejournal.ie/kilkenny-central-access-scheme-noteworthy-4925141-Dec2019/">"A bridge too far? The inside story of the road scheme that divided a city"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/TheJournal.ie" title="TheJournal.ie">TheJournal.ie</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200615105121/https://www.thejournal.ie/kilkenny-central-access-scheme-noteworthy-4925141-Dec2019/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TheJournal.ie&rft.atitle=A+bridge+too+far%3F+The+inside+story+of+the+road+scheme+that+divided+a+city&rft.date=2019-12-16&rft.aulast=Delaney&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft.au=Foxe%2C+Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejournal.ie%2Fkilkenny-central-access-scheme-noteworthy-4925141-Dec2019%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-salvage-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-salvage_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-salvage_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurosalve.com/about-us/">"About Kilkenny Architectural Salvage & Antiques"</a>. <i>eurosalve.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200615121101/https://www.eurosalve.com/about-us/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eurosalve.com&rft.atitle=About+Kilkenny+Architectural+Salvage+%26+Antiques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurosalve.com%2Fabout-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buildingsofireland.ie/buildings-search/building/12308004/greenvale-woollen-mills-kilkenny-bleach-mills-bleach-road-bleachgreen-kilkenny-county-kilkenny">"Greenvale Woollen Mills (Kilkenny Bleach Mills), Bleach Road, Bleachgreen, Kilkenny, County Kilkenny"</a>. <i>buildings.ie</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Inventory_of_Architectural_Heritage" title="National Inventory of Architectural Heritage">National Inventory of Architectural Heritage</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200615115559/https://www.buildingsofireland.ie/buildings-search/building/12308004/greenvale-woollen-mills-kilkenny-bleach-mills-bleach-road-bleachgreen-kilkenny-county-kilkenny">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=buildings.ie&rft.atitle=Greenvale+Woollen+Mills+%28Kilkenny+Bleach+Mills%29%2C+Bleach+Road%2C+Bleachgreen%2C+Kilkenny%2C+County+Kilkenny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buildingsofireland.ie%2Fbuildings-search%2Fbuilding%2F12308004%2Fgreenvale-woollen-mills-kilkenny-bleach-mills-bleach-road-bleachgreen-kilkenny-county-kilkenny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tourismireland.com/docs/default-source/visitor-facts-and-figures/visitor-facts-and-figures-2019.pdf?sfvrsn=d5913554_1">"Tourism Ireland, tourism statistics"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>tourismireland.com</i>. Tourism Ireland. 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326030634/https://www.tourismireland.com/docs/default-source/visitor-facts-and-figures/visitor-facts-and-figures-2019.pdf?sfvrsn=d5913554_1">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 26 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tourismireland.com&rft.atitle=Tourism+Ireland%2C+tourism+statistics&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tourismireland.com%2Fdocs%2Fdefault-source%2Fvisitor-facts-and-figures%2Fvisitor-facts-and-figures-2019.pdf%3Fsfvrsn%3Dd5913554_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rte2020-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rte2020_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/culture/2020/0810/1158383-in-the-picture-kilkennys-new-art-gallery/">"In The Picture: Kilkenny's new art gallery"</a>. <i>rte.ie</i>. RTÉ. 17 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624211403/https://www.rte.ie/culture/2020/0810/1158383-in-the-picture-kilkennys-new-art-gallery/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rte.ie&rft.atitle=In+The+Picture%3A+Kilkenny%27s+new+art+gallery&rft.date=2020-08-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Fculture%2F2020%2F0810%2F1158383-in-the-picture-kilkennys-new-art-gallery%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kilkennytradfest.com/">"Home – Kilkenny Tradfest"</a>. <i>Kilkenny Tradfest</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170914154106/http://kilkennytradfest.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kilkenny+Tradfest&rft.atitle=Home+%E2%80%93+Kilkenny+Tradfest&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkilkennytradfest.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.savourkilkenny.com/">"Savour Kilkenny – Festival of Food – October Bank Holiday Weekend 2017"</a>. <i>Savourkilkenny.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170913184137/http://www.savourkilkenny.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Savourkilkenny.com&rft.atitle=Savour+Kilkenny+%E2%80%93+Festival+of+Food+%E2%80%93+October+Bank+Holiday+Weekend+2017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.savourkilkenny.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kilkenomics.com/">"Kilkenomics – The World's First Economics & Comedy Festival"</a>. <i>kilkenomics.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200707004648/https://kilkenomics.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kilkenomics.com&rft.atitle=Kilkenomics+%E2%80%93+The+World%27s+First+Economics+%26+Comedy+Festival&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkilkenomics.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.choicemusicprize.ie/portfolio-item/2008/">"2008 – Choice Music Prize"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Choice_Music_Prize" title="Choice Music Prize">Choice Music Prize</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803082145/http://www.choicemusicprize.ie/portfolio-item/2008/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2008+%E2%80%93+Choice+Music+Prize&rft.pub=Choice+Music+Prize&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.choicemusicprize.ie%2Fportfolio-item%2F2008%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kilkennyroots.com">"Official Rhythm & Roots Website"</a>. <i>Kilkennyroots.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170916035353/http://kilkennyroots.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kilkennyroots.com&rft.atitle=Official+Rhythm+%26+Roots+Website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kilkennyroots.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newstalk.com/news/abba-and-kilkenny-tom-dunne-on-their-new-album-1273802">"Tom Dunne on ABBA's "tour de force" Voyage to Kilkenny"</a>. <i>newstalk.com</i>. 5 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211105221238/https://www.newstalk.com/news/abba-and-kilkenny-tom-dunne-on-their-new-album-1273802">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=newstalk.com&rft.atitle=Tom+Dunne+on+ABBA%27s+%22tour+de+force%22+Voyage+to+Kilkenny&rft.date=2021-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstalk.com%2Fnews%2Fabba-and-kilkenny-tom-dunne-on-their-new-album-1273802&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/privatetheatrek00theagoog"><i>The private theatre of Kilkenny</i></a>. 1825<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2010</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+private+theatre+of+Kilkenny&rft.date=1825&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprivatetheatrek00theagoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.watergatetheatre.com/">"Watergate Theatre official website"</a>. Watergatetheatre.com. 13 February 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090414125604/http://www.watergatetheatre.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Watergate+Theatre+official+website&rft.pub=Watergatetheatre.com&rft.date=2010-02-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.watergatetheatre.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://set.ie/">"Set"</a>. <i>set.ie</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200615113251/https://set.ie/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=set.ie&rft.atitle=Set&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fset.ie%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kilkennypeople.ie/news/home/221058/the-inaugural-kilkenny-film-festival-will-be-here-in-december.html">"The inaugural Kilkenny Film Festival will be here in December"</a>. <i>kilkennypeople.ie</i>. Kilkenny People. 24 October 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190904104931/https://www.kilkennypeople.ie/news/home/221058/the-inaugural-kilkenny-film-festival-will-be-here-in-december.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2019</span>. <q><i>Local studio Young Irish Film Makers have been been a key component of film production and training locally [..and..] Cartoon Saloon have gone from the small screen to Hollywood</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kilkennypeople.ie&rft.atitle=The+inaugural+Kilkenny+Film+Festival+will+be+here+in+December&rft.date=2016-10-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kilkennypeople.ie%2Fnews%2Fhome%2F221058%2Fthe-inaugural-kilkenny-film-festival-will-be-here-in-december.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iftn.ie/news/?act1=record&only=1&aid=73&rid=4287792&tpl=archnews&force=1">"Programme for Subtitle European Film Festival, Kilkenny running November 24th–30th"</a>. <i>iftn.ie</i>. The Irish Film & Television Network. 24 November 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200802212656/http://www.iftn.ie/news/?act1=record&only=1&aid=73&rid=4287792&tpl=archnews&force=1">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iftn.ie&rft.atitle=Programme+for+Subtitle+European+Film+Festival%2C+Kilkenny+running+November+24th%E2%80%9330th&rft.date=2014-11-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iftn.ie%2Fnews%2F%3Fact1%3Drecord%26only%3D1%26aid%3D73%26rid%3D4287792%26tpl%3Darchnews%26force%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kclr96fm.com/">"KCLR 96FM Official Website"</a>. <i>Kclr96fm.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170920113229/http://kclr96fm.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kclr96fm.com&rft.atitle=KCLR+96FM+Official+Website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kclr96fm.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091014222627/http://www.bci.ie/documents/jnlr_july08_jun09.pdf">"BCI – JNRL Figures for July 08 – June 09"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bci.ie/documents/jnlr_july08_jun09.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BCI+%E2%80%93+JNRL+Figures+for+July+08+%E2%80%93+June+09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bci.ie%2Fdocuments%2Fjnlr_july08_jun09.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121019225450/http://www.radiokilkenny.ie/">"Radio Kilkenny Website"</a>. <i>Radiokilkenny.ie</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radiokilkenny.ie/">the original</a> on 19 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radiokilkenny.ie&rft.atitle=Radio+Kilkenny+Website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiokilkenny.ie%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeam" class="citation web cs1">Team, Fujitsu/Oireachtas Lotus Notes/Domino Development. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://debates.oireachtas.ie/DDebate.aspx?F=MAJ20040225.xml&Ex=All&Page=2">"Parliamentary Debates"</a>. <i>Debates.oireachtas.ie</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Debates.oireachtas.ie&rft.atitle=Parliamentary+Debates&rft.aulast=Team&rft.aufirst=Fujitsu%2FOireachtas+Lotus+Notes%2FDomino+Development&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdebates.oireachtas.ie%2FDDebate.aspx%3FF%3DMAJ20040225.xml%26Ex%3DAll%26Page%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Many are held in the <a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_Archaeological_Society" title="Kilkenny Archaeological Society">Kilkenny Archaeological Society</a> Library at <a href="/wiki/Rothe_House" title="Rothe House">Rothe House</a>, others are available to view on microfiche at Kilkenny County Library</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181025140227/https://www.irishnewsarchive.com/finns-leinster-journal-newspaper-archive-historic-newspaper">"The Finn's Leinster Journal Newspaper Archive 1771 – 1828"</a>. irishnewsarchive.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishnewsarchive.com/finns-leinster-journal-newspaper-archive-historic-newspaper">the original</a> on 25 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Finn%27s+Leinster+Journal+Newspaper+Archive+1771+%E2%80%93+1828&rft.pub=irishnewsarchive.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishnewsarchive.com%2Ffinns-leinster-journal-newspaper-archive-historic-newspaper&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc-ireland.ie/">"Home – ABC – Audit Bureau of Circulations"</a>. <i>Abc-ireland.ie</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071119030804/http://www.abc-ireland.ie/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Abc-ireland.ie&rft.atitle=Home+%E2%80%93+ABC+%E2%80%93+Audit+Bureau+of+Circulations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc-ireland.ie%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181012210700/http://www.kilkenny.ie/eng/About_Kilkenny/People/Media/">"About Kilkenny – Media – Newspapers"</a>. Kilkenny.ie. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kilkenny.ie/eng/About_Kilkenny/People/Media/">the original</a> on 12 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Kilkenny+%E2%80%93+Media+%E2%80%93+Newspapers&rft.pub=Kilkenny.ie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kilkenny.ie%2Feng%2FAbout_Kilkenny%2FPeople%2FMedia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090917190842/http://kilkennylibrary.kilkenny.ie/eng/Local_Studies/Local_Studies_.html">"kilkenny library Local Studies – Photographic Collection"</a>. <i>Kilkennylibrary.kilkenny.ie</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kilkennylibrary.kilkenny.ie/eng/Local_Studies/Local_Studies_.html">the original</a> on 17 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kilkennylibrary.kilkenny.ie&rft.atitle=kilkenny+library+Local+Studies+%E2%80%93+Photographic+Collection&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkilkennylibrary.kilkenny.ie%2Feng%2FLocal_Studies%2FLocal_Studies_.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080119212642/http://www.academyofurbanism.org.uk/awards.htm">"Academy of Urbanism"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kilkenny+Archives&rft.atitle=Glanbia+Archives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kilkennyarchives.ie%2Fcollections%2Fglanbia-collection%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.glanbia.com/about-us/our-history">"Our History"</a>. Glanbia plc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160127081842/http://www.glanbia.com/about-us/our-history">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+History&rft.pub=Glanbia+plc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.glanbia.com%2Fabout-us%2Four-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160203052429/http://www.glanbia.com/our-business/our-global-footprint#/world/all">"Glanbia – Our Global Footprint"</a>. Glanbia Plc. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.glanbia.com/our-business/our-global-footprint#/world/all">the original</a> on 3 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Glanbia+%E2%80%93+Our+Global+Footprint&rft.pub=Glanbia+Plc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.glanbia.com%2Four-business%2Four-global-footprint%23%2Fworld%2Fall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023031/http://ica.coop/sites/default/files/attachments/Global300%20Report%202011.pdf">"World's major Co-operatives & Mutual Businesses"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>ICA Global 300 Report 2010</i>. Intewrnational Cooperative Alliance. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ica.coop/sites/default/files/attachments/Global300%20Report%202011.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ICA+Global+300+Report+2010&rft.atitle=World%27s+major+Co-operatives+%26+Mutual+Businesses&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fica.coop%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fattachments%2FGlobal300%2520Report%25202011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ica.coop/en/media/news/top-300-co-operatives-generate-usd-2-trillion">"Top 300 co-operatives generate USD 2 trillion"</a>. <i>World Cooperative Monitor</i>. International Co-operative Alliance. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160127165449/http://ica.coop/en/media/news/top-300-co-operatives-generate-usd-2-trillion">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Cooperative+Monitor&rft.atitle=Top+300+co-operatives+generate+USD+2+trillion&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fica.coop%2Fen%2Fmedia%2Fnews%2Ftop-300-co-operatives-generate-usd-2-trillion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIreland" class="citation web cs1">Ireland, CIB-Citizens Information. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findaddress.citizensinformation.ie/service_finder/query.py?category=Hospitals&county=Kilkenny&town=*&submit=FIND+ADDRESSES">"Find an Address"</a>. <i>Findaddress.citizensinformation.ie</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120222140107/http://findaddress.citizensinformation.ie/service_finder/query.py?category=Hospitals&county=Kilkenny&town=*&submit=FIND+ADDRESSES">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Findaddress.citizensinformation.ie&rft.atitle=Find+an+Address&rft.aulast=Ireland&rft.aufirst=CIB-Citizens+Information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffindaddress.citizensinformation.ie%2Fservice_finder%2Fquery.py%3Fcategory%3DHospitals%26county%3DKilkenny%26town%3D%2A%26submit%3DFIND%2BADDRESSES&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120222085259/http://www.hse.ie/eng/HSE_FactFile/County_Information/Kilkenny/St%20Lukes%20General%20Hospital%20Kilkenny/St_Lukes_General_Hospital_Kilkenny.html">"HSE Factfile on St Lukes General Hospital"</a>. <i>Hse.ie</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hse.ie/eng/HSE_FactFile/County_Information/Kilkenny/St%20Lukes%20General%20Hospital%20Kilkenny/St_Lukes_General_Hospital_Kilkenny.html">the original</a> on 22 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hse.ie&rft.atitle=HSE+Factfile+on+St+Lukes+General+Hospital&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hse.ie%2Feng%2FHSE_FactFile%2FCounty_Information%2FKilkenny%2FSt%2520Lukes%2520General%2520Hospital%2520Kilkenny%2FSt_Lukes_General_Hospital_Kilkenny.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090725200215/http://www.sehb.ie/services/sm-psych-hospitals.html#KILKENNY">"South Eastern Health Board Psychiatric Hospitals"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sehb.ie/services/sm-psych-hospitals.html#KILKENNY">the original</a> on 25 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+Eastern+Health+Board+Psychiatric+Hospitals&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sehb.ie%2Fservices%2Fsm-psych-hospitals.html%23KILKENNY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090727074454/http://www.mountcarmel.ie/aut_even_hospital.html">"Aut Even Private Hospital"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mountcarmel.ie/aut_even_hospital.html">the original</a> on 27 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aut+Even+Private+Hospital&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mountcarmel.ie%2Faut_even_hospital.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-harriers-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-harriers_99-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-harriers_99-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-harriers_99-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721124926/http://www.kch.ie/page10.php">"Club history"</a>. <i>Kch.ie</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kch.ie/page10.php">the original</a> on 21 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kch.ie&rft.atitle=Club+history&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kch.ie%2Fpage10.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kilkennypeople.ie/sport/soccer/united-we-stand-kilkenny-join-women-s-league-1-6842484">"United we stand – Kilkenny join women's league"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_People" title="Kilkenny People">Kilkenny People</a></i>. 11 July 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150822050555/http://www.kilkennypeople.ie/sport/soccer/united-we-stand-kilkenny-join-women-s-league-1-6842484">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kilkenny+People&rft.atitle=United+we+stand+%E2%80%93+Kilkenny+join+women%27s+league&rft.date=2015-07-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kilkennypeople.ie%2Fsport%2Fsoccer%2Funited-we-stand-kilkenny-join-women-s-league-1-6842484&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-O'Mahony_2009-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-O'Mahony_2009_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Mahony2009" class="citation news cs1">O'Mahony (17 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.herald.ie/sport/leinster-rugby/a-proud-tradition-carved-in-marble-1604445.html">"A proud tradition carved in Marble"</a>. <i>herald.ie</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721124535/http://www.herald.ie/sport/leinster-rugby/a-proud-tradition-carved-in-marble-1604445.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=herald.ie&rft.atitle=A+proud+tradition+carved+in+Marble&rft.date=2009-01-17&rft.au=O%27Mahony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.herald.ie%2Fsport%2Fleinster-rugby%2Fa-proud-tradition-carved-in-marble-1604445.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KKRFC-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KKRFC_102-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KKRFC_102-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KKRFC_102-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">From the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kilkennyrugby.com/">official website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110128092349/http://kilkennyrugby.com/">Archived</a> 2011-01-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_RFC" title="Kilkenny RFC">Kilkenny RFC</a>; see history <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110713150315/http://www.kilkennyrugby.com/history.htm">"I"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kilkennyrugby.com/history.htm">the original</a> on 13 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=I&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kilkennyrugby.com%2Fhistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span> & <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDermot_O'Mahony" class="citation news cs1">Dermot O'Mahony. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110713150343/http://www.kilkennyrugby.com/history2.htm">"II"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kilkennyrugby.com/history2.htm">the original</a> on 13 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=II&rft.au=Dermot+O%27Mahony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kilkennyrugby.com%2Fhistory2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150801232730/http://kilkennycitystorm.com/">"Kilkenny City Storm Website"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kilkennycitystorm.com/">the original</a> on 1 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kilkenny+City+Storm+Website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kilkennycitystorm.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090618222627/http://www.iiha.org/ice_hockey/iihl/2008-2009/rd/">"Irish Ice Hockey League Recreational Division 2008 – 2009"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iiha.org/ice_hockey/iihl/2008-2009/rd/">the original</a> on 18 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Irish+Ice+Hockey+League+Recreational+Division+2008+%E2%80%93+2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iiha.org%2Fice_hockey%2Fiihl%2F2008-2009%2Frd%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArt_Kavanagh2004" class="citation web cs1">Art Kavanagh (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://irishfamilynamesx.com/kilkenny">"The Landed Gentry & Aristocracy of County Kilkenny"</a>. <i>Kilkenny</i>. Irish Family Names. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160122100440/http://irishfamilynamesx.com/kilkenny">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kilkenny&rft.atitle=The+Landed+Gentry+%26+Aristocracy+of+County+Kilkenny&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Art+Kavanagh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Firishfamilynamesx.com%2Fkilkenny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEgan1884" class="citation web cs1">Egan, P.M. (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.askaboutireland.ie/aai-files/assets/ebooks/82-Egan-Kilkenny/82-Kilkenny.pdf">"The illustrated guide to the city and county of Kilkenny"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Kilkenny. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170413052443/http://www.askaboutireland.ie/aai-files/assets/ebooks/82-Egan-Kilkenny/82-Kilkenny.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 13 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+illustrated+guide+to+the+city+and+county+of+Kilkenny&rft.place=Kilkenny&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Egan&rft.aufirst=P.M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.askaboutireland.ie%2Faai-files%2Fassets%2Febooks%2F82-Egan-Kilkenny%2F82-Kilkenny.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraves1857" class="citation cs2">Graves, Rev. James (1857), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyarchitec01gravgoog"><i>The History, Architecture, and Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of St. Canice, Kilkenny</i></a>, Grafton Street, Dublin.: Hodges, Smith, & co., pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyarchitec01gravgoog/page/n37">22</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History%2C+Architecture%2C+and+Antiquities+of+the+Cathedral+Church+of+St.+Canice%2C+Kilkenny&rft.place=Grafton+Street%2C+Dublin.&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Hodges%2C+Smith%2C+%26+co.&rft.date=1857&rft.aulast=Graves&rft.aufirst=Rev.+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryarchitec01gravgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMasters1085" class="citation web cs1">Masters (1085). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100005B/text019.html">"Annals of the Four Masters"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121015093814/http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100005B/text019.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annals+of+the+Four+Masters&rft.date=1085&rft.au=Masters&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucc.ie%2Fcelt%2Fonline%2FT100005B%2Ftext019.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoom2006" class="citation book cs1">Room, Adrian (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M1JIPAN-eJ4C"><i>Placenames of the World</i></a> (2 ed.). McFarland & Co Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-2248-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-2248-7"><bdi>978-0-7864-2248-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170329060933/https://books.google.com/books?id=M1JIPAN-eJ4C">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Placenames+of+the+World&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Co+Inc&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-2248-7&rft.aulast=Room&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM1JIPAN-eJ4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimms1961" class="citation book cs1">Simms, J.G (1961). <i>Kilkenny in the Jacobite War, 1689–91</i>. Vol. 13. <a href="/wiki/Old_Kilkenny_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Kilkenny Review">Old Kilkenny Review</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kilkenny+in+the+Jacobite+War%2C+1689%E2%80%9391&rft.pub=Old+Kilkenny+Review&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Simms&rft.aufirst=J.G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson1848" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Paris (1848). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.askaboutireland.ie/aai-files/assets/ebooks/240_Nooks-and-Corners-of-County-Kilkenny/240_Nooks-and-Corners-of-County-Kilkenny.pdf"><i>Nooks and Corners of County Kilkenny</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Kilkenny: <a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_People" title="Kilkenny People">Kilkenny People</a> Printing Works, James's Street. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170413022016/http://www.askaboutireland.ie/aai-files/assets/ebooks/240_Nooks-and-Corners-of-County-Kilkenny/240_Nooks-and-Corners-of-County-Kilkenny.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 13 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nooks+and+Corners+of+County+Kilkenny.&rft.place=Kilkenny&rft.pub=Kilkenny+People+Printing+Works%2C+James%27s+Street&rft.date=1848&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Paris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.askaboutireland.ie%2Faai-files%2Fassets%2Febooks%2F240_Nooks-and-Corners-of-County-Kilkenny%2F240_Nooks-and-Corners-of-County-Kilkenny.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBushHaworth-Booth1989" class="citation book cs1">Bush, Andrew; Haworth-Booth, Mark (1989). <i>Bonnettstown: A House in Ireland</i>. H.N. Abrams. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8109-0748-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8109-0748-8"><bdi>0-8109-0748-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bonnettstown%3A+A+House+in+Ireland&rft.pub=H.N.+Abrams&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-8109-0748-8&rft.aulast=Bush&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.au=Haworth-Booth%2C+Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarrigan1905" class="citation book cs1">Carrigan, William (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.askaboutireland.ie/aai-files/assets/ebooks/183-185-186-190-History%20and%20Antiquities%20of%20the%20Diocese%20of%20Ossory/190-History%20and%20Antiquities%20of%20the%20Diocese%20of%20Ossory%20Vol%201.pdf"><i>History and Antiquities of the Diocese of Ossory, Volume 1</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Dublin: Sealy, Bryers and Walker. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171028234040/http://www.askaboutireland.ie/aai-files/assets/ebooks/183-185-186-190-History%20and%20Antiquities%20of%20the%20Diocese%20of%20Ossory/190-History%20and%20Antiquities%20of%20the%20Diocese%20of%20Ossory%20Vol%201.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 28 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+and+Antiquities+of+the+Diocese+of+Ossory%2C+Volume+1.&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pub=Sealy%2C+Bryers+and+Walker&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Carrigan&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.askaboutireland.ie%2Faai-files%2Fassets%2Febooks%2F183-185-186-190-History%2520and%2520Antiquities%2520of%2520the%2520Diocese%2520of%2520Ossory%2F190-History%2520and%2520Antiquities%2520of%2520the%2520Diocese%2520of%2520Ossory%2520Vol%25201.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarrigan1905" class="citation book cs1">Carrigan, William (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.askaboutireland.ie/aai-files/assets/ebooks/183-185-186-190-History%20and%20Antiquities%20of%20the%20Diocese%20of%20Ossory/186-History%20and%20Antiquities%20of%20the%20Diocese%20of%20Ossory%20Vol%202.pdf"><i>History and Antiquities of the Diocese of Ossory, Volume 2</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Dublin: Sealy, Bryers and Walker. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171028234111/http://www.askaboutireland.ie/aai-files/assets/ebooks/183-185-186-190-History%20and%20Antiquities%20of%20the%20Diocese%20of%20Ossory/186-History%20and%20Antiquities%20of%20the%20Diocese%20of%20Ossory%20Vol%202.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 28 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+and+Antiquities+of+the+Diocese+of+Ossory%2C+Volume+2.&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pub=Sealy%2C+Bryers+and+Walker&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Carrigan&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.askaboutireland.ie%2Faai-files%2Fassets%2Febooks%2F183-185-186-190-History%2520and%2520Antiquities%2520of%2520the%2520Diocese%2520of%2520Ossory%2F186-History%2520and%2520Antiquities%2520of%2520the%2520Diocese%2520of%2520Ossory%2520Vol%25202.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarrigan1905" class="citation book cs1">Carrigan, William (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.askaboutireland.ie/aai-files/assets/ebooks/183-185-186-190-History%20and%20Antiquities%20of%20the%20Diocese%20of%20Ossory/183-History%20and%20Antiquities%20of%20the%20Diocese%20of%20Ossory%20Vol%203.pdf"><i>History and Antiquities of the Diocese of Ossory, Volume 3</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Dublin: Sealy, Bryers and Walker. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923175319/http://www.askaboutireland.ie/aai-files/assets/ebooks/183-185-186-190-History%20and%20Antiquities%20of%20the%20Diocese%20of%20Ossory/183-History%20and%20Antiquities%20of%20the%20Diocese%20of%20Ossory%20Vol%203.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+and+Antiquities+of+the+Diocese+of+Ossory%2C+Volume+3.&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pub=Sealy%2C+Bryers+and+Walker&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Carrigan&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.askaboutireland.ie%2Faai-files%2Fassets%2Febooks%2F183-185-186-190-History%2520and%2520Antiquities%2520of%2520the%2520Diocese%2520of%2520Ossory%2F183-History%2520and%2520Antiquities%2520of%2520the%2520Diocese%2520of%2520Ossory%2520Vol%25203.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarrigan1905" class="citation book cs1">Carrigan, William (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.askaboutireland.ie/aai-files/assets/ebooks/183-185-186-190-History%20and%20Antiquities%20of%20the%20Diocese%20of%20Ossory/190-History%20and%20Antiquities%20of%20the%20Diocese%20of%20Ossory%20Vol%201.pdf"><i>History and Antiquities of the Diocese of Ossory, Volume 4</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Dublin: Sealy, Bryers and Walker. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171028234040/http://www.askaboutireland.ie/aai-files/assets/ebooks/183-185-186-190-History%20and%20Antiquities%20of%20the%20Diocese%20of%20Ossory/190-History%20and%20Antiquities%20of%20the%20Diocese%20of%20Ossory%20Vol%201.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 28 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+and+Antiquities+of+the+Diocese+of+Ossory%2C+Volume+4.&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pub=Sealy%2C+Bryers+and+Walker&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Carrigan&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.askaboutireland.ie%2Faai-files%2Fassets%2Febooks%2F183-185-186-190-History%2520and%2520Antiquities%2520of%2520the%2520Diocese%2520of%2520Ossory%2F190-History%2520and%2520Antiquities%2520of%2520the%2520Diocese%2520of%2520Ossory%2520Vol%25201.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChadwyck-Healey1856" class="citation book cs1">Chadwyck-Healey, Charles (1856). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wn0PAAAAIAAJ"><i>Notes and Queries</i></a>. University of Michigan: Oxford University Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201031175441/https://books.google.com/books?id=Wn0PAAAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Notes+and+Queries&rft.place=University+of+Michigan&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1856&rft.aulast=Chadwyck-Healey&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWn0PAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorcoran" class="citation book cs1">Corcoran, Colm. <i>The Life and Times of Kilkenny's Citizens</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Times+of+Kilkenny%27s+Citizens&rft.aulast=Corcoran&rft.aufirst=Colm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCody2009" class="citation book cs1">Cody, Brian (3 October 2009). <i>Cody</i>. Kilkenny: Folens.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cody&rft.place=Kilkenny&rft.pub=Folens&rft.date=2009-10-03&rft.aulast=Cody&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards2000" class="citation book cs1">Edwards, David (2000). <i>The Ormond Lordship in County Kilkenny, 1515–1642: The Rise and Fall of Butler Feudal Power</i>. Four Courts Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85182-578-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-85182-578-9"><bdi>1-85182-578-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ormond+Lordship+in+County+Kilkenny%2C+1515%E2%80%931642%3A+The+Rise+and+Fall+of+Butler+Feudal+Power&rft.pub=Four+Courts+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-85182-578-9&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFry1991" class="citation book cs1">Fry, Plantagenet Somerset (1991). <i>A History of Ireland: From the Earliest Times to 1922</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-04888-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-04888-5"><bdi>0-415-04888-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ireland%3A+From+the+Earliest+Times+to+1922&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-415-04888-5&rft.aulast=Fry&rft.aufirst=Plantagenet+Somerset&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGale2004" class="citation book cs1">Gale, Thompson (2004). "The Statutes of Kilkenny". <i>Encyclopedia of Irish History and Culture. 1st ed</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Statutes+of+Kilkenny&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Irish+History+and+Culture.+1st+ed.&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Gale&rft.aufirst=Thompson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGleesonCunningham1982" class="citation book cs1">Gleeson, John; Cunningham, George (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NXbQHQAACAAJ"><i>History of the Ely O'Carroll Territory Or Ancient Ormond</i></a>. Roberts' Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-907561-06-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-907561-06-3"><bdi>0-907561-06-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Ely+O%27Carroll+Territory+Or+Ancient+Ormond&rft.pub=Roberts%27+Books&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-907561-06-3&rft.aulast=Gleeson&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Cunningham%2C+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNXbQHQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHealy1893" class="citation web cs1">Healy, William (1893). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.askaboutireland.ie/aai-files/assets/ebooks/38-History-and-Antiquities-of-Kilkenny/38-History-and-Antiquities-of-Kilkenny.pdf">"History and antiquities of Kilkenny (City and County). Volume 1"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Kilkenny. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170413021816/http://www.askaboutireland.ie/aai-files/assets/ebooks/38-History-and-Antiquities-of-Kilkenny/38-History-and-Antiquities-of-Kilkenny.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 13 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+and+antiquities+of+Kilkenny+%28City+and+County%29.+Volume+1&rft.place=Kilkenny&rft.date=1893&rft.aulast=Healy&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.askaboutireland.ie%2Faai-files%2Fassets%2Febooks%2F38-History-and-Antiquities-of-Kilkenny%2F38-History-and-Antiquities-of-Kilkenny.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHogan1884" class="citation book cs1">Hogan, John (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vHmnGQAACAAJ"><i>Kilkenny; the Ancient City of Ossory, the Seat of Its Kings, the See of Its Bishops and the Site of Its Cathedral</i></a>. P. M. Egan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210924152529/https://books.google.com/books?id=vHmnGQAACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kilkenny%3B+the+Ancient+City+of+Ossory%2C+the+Seat+of+Its+Kings%2C+the+See+of+Its+Bishops+and+the+Site+of+Its+Cathedral&rft.pub=P.+M.+Egan&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Hogan&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvHmnGQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeritage_Council" class="citation book cs1">Heritage Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritagecouncil.ie/publications/Kilkenny_Walls/"><i>Kilkenny City Walls Conservation Plan</i></a>. Kilkenny: The Heritage Council.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kilkenny+City+Walls+Conservation+Plan&rft.place=Kilkenny&rft.pub=The+Heritage+Council&rft.au=Heritage+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritagecouncil.ie%2Fpublications%2FKilkenny_Walls%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson1974" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Robert Wyse (1974). <i>The Story of Kilkenny</i>. Mercier Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85342-391-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-85342-391-1"><bdi>0-85342-391-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+Kilkenny&rft.pub=Mercier+Press&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=0-85342-391-1&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Robert+Wyse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKenny2003" class="citation book cs1">Kenny, Sean (2003). <i>Every Stick and Stone that Stands Kilkenny</i>. Kilkenny, Ireland: Sean Kenny. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9545741-0-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-9545741-0-9"><bdi>0-9545741-0-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Every+Stick+and+Stone+that+Stands+Kilkenny&rft.place=Kilkenny%2C+Ireland&rft.pub=Sean+Kenny&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-9545741-0-9&rft.aulast=Kenny&rft.aufirst=Sean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLedwich1991" class="citation book cs1">Ledwich, Edward (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100005B/text019.html"><i>Antiquities of Ireland</i></a>. Banton Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781856520256" title="Special:BookSources/9781856520256"><bdi>9781856520256</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121015093814/http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100005B/text019.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antiquities+of+Ireland&rft.pub=Banton+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9781856520256&rft.aulast=Ledwich&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucc.ie%2Fcelt%2Fonline%2FT100005B%2Ftext019.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaniganTyler1987" class="citation book cs1">Lanigan, Katherine; Tyler, Gerald (1987). <i>Kilkenny: Its Architecture and History</i>. Belfast: Appletree Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86281-180-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-86281-180-5"><bdi>0-86281-180-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kilkenny%3A+Its+Architecture+and+History&rft.place=Belfast&rft.pub=Appletree+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-86281-180-5&rft.aulast=Lanigan&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft.au=Tyler%2C+Gerald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeonard1996" class="citation book cs1">Leonard, John (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/universityforkil00leon"><i>A University for Kilkenny: Plans for a Royal College in the Seventeenth Century</i></a></span>. St Canice's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9528076-0-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-9528076-0-2"><bdi>0-9528076-0-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+University+for+Kilkenny%3A+Plans+for+a+Royal+College+in+the+Seventeenth+Century&rft.pub=St+Canice%27s+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-9528076-0-2&rft.aulast=Leonard&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funiversityforkil00leon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayor1999" class="citation book cs1">Mayor, F White (1999). <i>The Castle on Kilkenny</i>. Folens.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Castle+on+Kilkenny&rft.pub=Folens&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Mayor&rft.aufirst=F+White&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaloney1986" class="citation book cs1">Maloney, Danny (1986). <i>An Individuals tale of Kilkenny</i>. Kilkenny, Ireland: Palin & Son Publishing. p. 457.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Individuals+tale+of+Kilkenny&rft.place=Kilkenny%2C+Ireland&rft.pages=457&rft.pub=Palin+%26+Son+Publishing&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Maloney&rft.aufirst=Danny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeehan1846" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/C._P._Meehan" class="mw-redirect" title="C. P. Meehan">Meehan, C. P.</a> (1846), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.askaboutireland.ie/aai-files/assets/ebooks/221_Confederation-of-Kilkenny-Geraldines/221_Confederation-of-Kilkenny-Geraldines.pdf"><i>The Confederation of Kilkenny</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, Dublin: James Duffy, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171028235104/http://www.askaboutireland.ie/aai-files/assets/ebooks/221_Confederation-of-Kilkenny-Geraldines/221_Confederation-of-Kilkenny-Geraldines.pdf">archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 28 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Confederation+of+Kilkenny&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pub=James+Duffy&rft.date=1846&rft.aulast=Meehan&rft.aufirst=C.+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.askaboutireland.ie%2Faai-files%2Fassets%2Febooks%2F221_Confederation-of-Kilkenny-Geraldines%2F221_Confederation-of-Kilkenny-Geraldines.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuldoon2000" class="citation book cs1">Muldoon, James (2000). "Medieval Notions of Difference". In Lang, Berel (ed.). <i>Race and Racism in Theory and Practice</i>. Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8476-9693-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8476-9693-6"><bdi>0-8476-9693-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Medieval+Notions+of+Difference&rft.btitle=Race+and+Racism+in+Theory+and+Practice&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-8476-9693-6&rft.aulast=Muldoon&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Brien1367" class="citation web cs1">O'Brien, Karen (1367). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100005B/text019.html">"A Statute of the Fortieth Year of King Edward III., enacted in a parliament held in Kilkenny, A.D. 1367, before Lionel Duke of Clarence, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121015093814/http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100005B/text019.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Gaelicization.". <i>Medieval Ireland An Encyclopedia. 1st ed</i>. Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gaelicization.&rft.btitle=Medieval+Ireland+An+Encyclopedia.+1st+ed.&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Simms&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSparksBligh1926" class="citation book cs1">Sparks, May; Bligh, Eric (1926). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.askaboutireland.ie/aai-files/assets/ebooks/239_Kilkenny-Pen-and-Picture-Pages-of-its-History/239_Kilkenny-Pen-and-Picture-Pages-of-its-History.pdf"><i>Kilkenny: Pen and picture pages of its story</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Kilkenny: <a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_People" title="Kilkenny People">Kilkenny People</a> office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170413092618/http://www.askaboutireland.ie/aai-files/assets/ebooks/239_Kilkenny-Pen-and-Picture-Pages-of-its-History/239_Kilkenny-Pen-and-Picture-Pages-of-its-History.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 13 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Dublin: Graisberry and Campbell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170413092618/http://www.askaboutireland.ie/aai-files/assets/ebooks/239_Kilkenny-Pen-and-Picture-Pages-of-its-History/239_Kilkenny-Pen-and-Picture-Pages-of-its-History.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 13 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Statistical+observations+relative+to+the+county+of+Kilkenny&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pub=Graisberry+and+Campbell&rft.date=1802&rft.aulast=Tighe&rft.aufirst=W&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.askaboutireland.ie%2Faai-files%2Fassets%2Febooks%2F239_Kilkenny-Pen-and-Picture-Pages-of-its-History%2F239_Kilkenny-Pen-and-Picture-Pages-of-its-History.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNolanWhelan1990" class="citation book cs1">Nolan, William; Whelan, Kevin (1990). <i>Kilkenny:History and Society</i>. Geography Publications (published 2005). p. 715. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-906602-13-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-906602-13-0"><bdi>0-906602-13-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kilkenny%3AHistory+and+Society&rft.pages=715&rft.pub=Geography+Publications&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-906602-13-0&rft.aulast=Nolan&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Whelan%2C+Kevin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> has media related to:<br /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny_-_Cill_Chainnigh" class="extiw" title="commons:Kilkenny - Cill Chainnigh"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Kilkenny - Cill Chainnigh</span></a> (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kilkenny" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Kilkenny">category</a>)</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Kilkenny#Q109092" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Kilkenny">Kilkenny</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kilkennycoco.ie/">Kilkenny County Council</a> – Official website of the local authority for Kilkenny</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visitkilkenny.ie/">Kilkenny Tourism</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Kilkenny#Q109092" class="extiw" title="voy:Kilkenny">Kilkenny</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Kilkenny (city)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Kilkenny_(city)">"Kilkenny (city)" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 793–794.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kilkenny+%28city%29&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=793-794&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilkenny" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="Kilkenny_City" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kilkenny" title="Template:Kilkenny"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kilkenny" title="Template talk:Kilkenny"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kilkenny" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kilkenny"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kilkenny_City" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kilkenny City</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Localities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irishtown,_Kilkenny" title="Irishtown, Kilkenny">Irishtown</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="11" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COA_IRL_Kilkenny_City.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/COA_IRL_Kilkenny_City.svg/90px-COA_IRL_Kilkenny_City.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/COA_IRL_Kilkenny_City.svg/135px-COA_IRL_Kilkenny_City.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/COA_IRL_Kilkenny_City.svg/180px-COA_IRL_Kilkenny_City.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="999" data-file-height="1201" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eee;">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_Arts_Festival" title="Kilkenny Arts Festival">Kilkenny Arts Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_Laughs" title="Cat Laughs">Cat Laughs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilkenomics_Festival" title="Kilkenomics Festival">Kilkenomics Festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eee;">Venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butler_Gallery" title="Butler Gallery">Butler Gallery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eee;">Secondary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Kilkenny" title="CBS Kilkenny">Christian Brothers School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Col%C3%A1iste_%C3%89amann_R%C3%ADs" title="Coláiste Éamann Rís">Coláiste Éamann Rís</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_College" title="Kilkenny College">Kilkenny College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loreto_Secondary_School,_Kilkenny" title="Loreto Secondary School, Kilkenny">Loreto Secondary School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presentation_Secondary_School,_Kilkenny" title="Presentation Secondary School, Kilkenny">Presentation Secondary School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Kieran%27s_College" title="St Kieran's College">St Kieran's College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scoil_Aireagail" title="Scoil Aireagail">Scoil Aireagail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Luke%27s_General_Hospital" title="St. Luke's General Hospital">St. Luke's General Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Canice%27s_Hospital" title="St. Canice's Hospital">St. Canice's Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilcreene_Orthopaedic_Hospital" title="Kilcreene Orthopaedic Hospital">Kilcreene Orthopaedic Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aut_Even_Hospital" title="Aut Even Hospital">Aut Even Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osraige" title="Osraige">Osraige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statutes_of_Kilkenny" title="Statutes of Kilkenny">Statutes of Kilkenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kilkenny" title="History of Kilkenny">History of Kilkenny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eee;">Print</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_People" title="Kilkenny People">Kilkenny People</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eee;">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KCLR_96FM" title="KCLR 96FM">KCLR 96FM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eee;">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cartoon_Saloon" title="Cartoon Saloon">Cartoon Saloon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parks and<br />recreational areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_Castle" title="Kilkenny Castle">Kilkenny Castle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_Canice%27s_Cathedral" title="St Canice's Cathedral">St Canice's Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Kilkenny" title="St Mary's Cathedral, Kilkenny">St Mary's Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_John_the_Evangelist,_Kilkenny" title="Church of Saint John the Evangelist, Kilkenny">Church of Saint John the Evangelist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Abbey" title="Black Abbey">Black Abbey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shee_Alms_House" title="Shee Alms House">Shee Alms House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_Castle" title="Kilkenny Castle">Kilkenny Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tholsel,_Kilkenny" title="The Tholsel, Kilkenny">The Tholsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rothe_House" title="Rothe House">Rothe House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Canice%27s_Cathedral" title="St Canice's Cathedral">St Canice's Cathedral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Water bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Nore" title="River Nore">River Nore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other buildings<br />and structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green%27s_Bridge" title="Green's Bridge">Green's Bridge</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilkenny railway station">Kilkenny railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_Airport" title="Kilkenny Airport">Kilkenny Airport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Kilkenny_(city)" title="Category:Kilkenny (city)">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kilkenny_-_Cill_Chainnigh" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Kilkenny - Cill Chainnigh">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Kilkenny" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Kilkenny" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Kilkenny</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ballyragget" title="Ballyragget">Ballyragget</a> – <a href="/wiki/N77_road_(Ireland)" title="N77 road (Ireland)">N77</a><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IRL_N77.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/IRL_N77.svg/25px-IRL_N77.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/IRL_N77.svg/38px-IRL_N77.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/IRL_N77.svg/50px-IRL_N77.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="318" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Castlecomer" title="Castlecomer">Castlecomer</a> <p><a href="/wiki/N78_road_(Ireland)" title="N78 road (Ireland)">N78</a><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IRL_N78.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/IRL_N78.svg/25px-IRL_N78.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/IRL_N78.svg/38px-IRL_N78.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/IRL_N78.svg/50px-IRL_N78.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="318" data-file-height="142" /></a></span><br /> </p> <a href="/wiki/N77_road_(Ireland)" title="N77 road (Ireland)">N77</a><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IRL_N77.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/IRL_N77.svg/25px-IRL_N77.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/IRL_N77.svg/38px-IRL_N77.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/IRL_N77.svg/50px-IRL_N77.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="318" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Kilkenny</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/N10_road_(Ireland)" title="N10 road (Ireland)">N10</a><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IRL_N10.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/IRL_N10.svg/25px-IRL_N10.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/IRL_N10.svg/38px-IRL_N10.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/IRL_N10.svg/50px-IRL_N10.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="287" data-file-height="142" /></a></span> – <a href="/wiki/M9_motorway_(Ireland)" title="M9 motorway (Ireland)">M9</a><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M9-IE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/M9-IE.svg/50px-M9-IE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/M9-IE.svg/75px-M9-IE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/M9-IE.svg/100px-M9-IE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="443" data-file-height="232" /></a></span> – <a href="/wiki/Carlow" title="Carlow">Carlow</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Callan,_County_Kilkenny" title="Callan, County Kilkenny">Callan</a> – <a href="/wiki/N76_road_(Ireland)" title="N76 road (Ireland)">N76</a><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IRL_N76.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/IRL_N76.svg/25px-IRL_N76.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/IRL_N76.svg/38px-IRL_N76.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/IRL_N76.svg/50px-IRL_N76.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="318" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/N10_road_(Ireland)" title="N10 road (Ireland)">N10</a><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IRL_N10.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/IRL_N10.svg/25px-IRL_N10.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/IRL_N10.svg/38px-IRL_N10.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/IRL_N10.svg/50px-IRL_N10.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="287" data-file-height="142" /></a></span> – <a href="/wiki/M9_motorway_(Ireland)" title="M9 motorway (Ireland)">M9</a><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M9-IE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/M9-IE.svg/50px-M9-IE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/M9-IE.svg/75px-M9-IE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/M9-IE.svg/100px-M9-IE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="443" data-file-height="232" /></a></span> – <a href="/wiki/Waterford" title="Waterford">Waterford</a></td> <td></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_in_County_Kilkenny" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:County_Kilkenny" title="Template:County Kilkenny"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:County_Kilkenny" title="Template talk:County Kilkenny"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:County_Kilkenny" title="Special:EditPage/Template:County Kilkenny"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_in_County_Kilkenny" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places in <a href="/wiki/County_Kilkenny" title="County Kilkenny">County Kilkenny</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/County_town" title="County town">County town</a>: <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kilkenny</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_villages_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of towns and villages in the Republic of Ireland">Towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballyragget" title="Ballyragget">Ballyragget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callan,_County_Kilkenny" title="Callan, County Kilkenny">Callan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castlecomer" title="Castlecomer">Castlecomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gowran" title="Gowran">Gowran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graiguenamanagh" title="Graiguenamanagh">Graignamanagh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kilkenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mooncoin" title="Mooncoin">Mooncoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullinavat" title="Mullinavat">Mullinavat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoneyford,_County_Kilkenny" title="Stoneyford, County Kilkenny">Stoneyford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomastown,_County_Kilkenny" title="Thomastown, County Kilkenny">Thomastown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urlingford" title="Urlingford">Urlingford</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Kilkenny.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Kilkenny.svg/100px-Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Kilkenny.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Kilkenny.svg/150px-Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Kilkenny.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Kilkenny.svg/200px-Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Kilkenny.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1450" data-file-height="1807" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aughamucky" title="Aughamucky">Aughamucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballyhale" title="Ballyhale">Ballyhale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bennettsbridge" title="Bennettsbridge">Bennettsbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrigeen" title="Carrigeen">Carrigeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castlewarren" title="Castlewarren">Castlewarren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clogh,_County_Kilkenny" title="Clogh, County Kilkenny">Clogh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiddown" title="Fiddown">Fiddown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freshford,_County_Kilkenny" title="Freshford, County Kilkenny">Freshford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galmoy,_County_Kilkenny" title="Galmoy, County Kilkenny">Galmoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goresbridge" title="Goresbridge">Goresbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugginstown" title="Hugginstown">Hugginstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inistioge" title="Inistioge">Inistioge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnstown,_County_Kilkenny" title="Johnstown, County Kilkenny">Johnstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnswell" title="Johnswell">Johnswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kells,_County_Kilkenny" title="Kells, County Kilkenny">Kells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killamery" title="Killamery">Killamery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killinaspick" title="Killinaspick">Killinaspick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilmacow" title="Kilmacow">Kilmacow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilmoganny" title="Kilmoganny">Kilmoganny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knocktopher" title="Knocktopher">Knocktopher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulstown" title="Paulstown">Paulstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piltown" title="Piltown">Piltown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redhouse,_County_Kilkenny" title="Redhouse, County Kilkenny">Redhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverquarter" title="Riverquarter">Riverquarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosbercon" title="Rosbercon">Rosbercon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rower" title="The Rower">The Rower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slieverue" title="Slieverue">Slieverue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tullahought" title="Tullahought">Tullahought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tullaroan" title="Tullaroan">Tullaroan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windgap,_County_Kilkenny" title="Windgap, County Kilkenny">Windgap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Townland" title="Townland">Townlands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballyda" title="Ballyda">Ballyda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballyragget" title="Ballyragget">Ballyragget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clogh,_County_Kilkenny" title="Clogh, County Kilkenny">Clogh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flagmount,_County_Kilkenny" title="Flagmount, County Kilkenny">Flagmount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoodsgrove" title="Hoodsgrove">Hoodsgrove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanville" title="Jeanville">Jeanville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisdowney" title="Lisdowney">Lisdowney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loughcullen" title="Loughcullen">Loughcullen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandfordscourt" title="Sandfordscourt">Sandfordscourt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_townlands_of_County_Kilkenny" title="List of townlands of County Kilkenny">List of townlands of County Kilkenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_and_hills_of_County_Kilkenny" title="Category:Mountains and hills of County Kilkenny">Category:Mountains and hills of County Kilkenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_County_Kilkenny" title="Category:Rivers of County Kilkenny">Category:Rivers of County Kilkenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_County_Kilkenny" title="Category:Geography of County Kilkenny">Category:Geography of County Kilkenny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_in_Ireland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_Ireland" title="Template:Cities in Ireland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_Ireland" title="Template talk:Cities in Ireland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_Ireland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in Ireland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_Ireland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/City_status_in_Ireland" title="City status in Ireland">Cities in Ireland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">City Councils</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cork_(city)" title="Cork (city)">Cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galway" title="Galway">Galway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metropolitan District<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">within City and County Council</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick">Limerick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterford" title="Waterford">Waterford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Municipal District<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">within County Council</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kilkenny</a> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangor,_County_Down" title="Bangor, County Down">Bangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derry" title="Derry">Derry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisburn" title="Lisburn">Lisburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newry" title="Newry">Newry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armagh" title="Armagh">Armagh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Baronies_of_Kilkenny" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kilkenny-baronies" title="Template:Kilkenny-baronies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kilkenny-baronies" title="Template talk:Kilkenny-baronies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kilkenny-baronies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kilkenny-baronies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Baronies_of_Kilkenny" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Barony_(Ireland)" title="Barony (Ireland)">Baronies</a> of <a href="/wiki/County_Kilkenny" title="County Kilkenny">Kilkenny</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Callan_(barony)" title="Callan (barony)">Callan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranagh_(barony)" title="Cranagh (barony)">Crannagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fassadinin" title="Fassadinin">Fassadinin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galmoy_(barony)" title="Galmoy (barony)">Galmoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gowran_(barony)" title="Gowran (barony)">Gowran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_(barony)" title="Ida (barony)">Ida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iverk" title="Iverk">Iverk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kells_(County_Kilkenny_barony)" title="Kells (County Kilkenny barony)">Kells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilculliheen" title="Kilculliheen">Kilculliheen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_(barony)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilkenny (barony)">Kilkenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knocktopher_(barony)" title="Knocktopher (barony)">Knocktopher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shillelogher" title="Shillelogher">Shillelogher</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baronies_of_Kilkenny.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of the baronies in County Kilkenny" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Baronies_of_Kilkenny.jpg/90px-Baronies_of_Kilkenny.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Baronies_of_Kilkenny.jpg/135px-Baronies_of_Kilkenny.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Baronies_of_Kilkenny.jpg/180px-Baronies_of_Kilkenny.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2227" data-file-height="3142" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <dl><dt>Other baronies of Ireland</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_baronies_of_Ireland" title="List of baronies of Ireland">complete list</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Category:Ireland_barony_templates" title="Category:Ireland barony templates">by county</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Largest_urban_areas_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_by_population" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Largest_urban_areas_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_by_population" title="Template:Largest urban areas in the Republic of Ireland by population"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Largest_urban_areas_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_by_population" title="Template talk:Largest urban areas in the Republic of Ireland by population"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Largest_urban_areas_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_by_population" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Largest urban areas in the Republic of Ireland by population"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Largest_urban_areas_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_by_population" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of urban areas in the Republic of Ireland">Largest urban areas in the Republic of Ireland by population</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ol><li><i> <b><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></b> </i>: 1,263,219</li> <li><i> <b><a href="/wiki/Cork_(city)" title="Cork (city)">Cork</a></b> </i>: 222,526</li> <li><i> <b><a href="/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick">Limerick</a></b> </i>: 102,287</li> <li><i> <b><a href="/wiki/Galway" title="Galway">Galway</a></b> </i>: 85,910</li> <li><i> <b><a href="/wiki/Waterford" title="Waterford">Waterford</a></b> </i>: 60,079</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Drogheda" title="Drogheda">Drogheda</a></b>: 44,135</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dundalk" title="Dundalk">Dundalk</a></b>: 43,112</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Swords,_Dublin" title="Swords, Dublin">Swords</a></b>: 40,776</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Navan" title="Navan">Navan</a></b>: 33,886</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bray,_County_Wicklow" title="Bray, County Wicklow">Bray</a></b>: 33,512</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ennis" title="Ennis">Ennis</a></b>: 27,923</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Carlow" title="Carlow">Carlow</a></b>: 27,351</li> <li><i><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kilkenny</a></b></i>: 27,184</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Naas" title="Naas">Naas</a></b>: 26,180</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tralee" title="Tralee">Tralee</a></b>: 26,079</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Newbridge,_County_Kildare" title="Newbridge, County Kildare">Newbridge</a></b>: 24,366</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Balbriggan" title="Balbriggan">Balbriggan</a></b>: 24,322</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Portlaoise" title="Portlaoise">Portlaoise</a></b>: 23,494</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Athlone" title="Athlone">Athlone</a></b>: 22,869</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mullingar" title="Mullingar">Mullingar</a></b>: 22,667</li></ol> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> denote settlements with city status</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tidy_Towns_(Ireland)_winners" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tidy_Towns_(Ireland)" title="Template:Tidy Towns (Ireland)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tidy_Towns_(Ireland)" title="Template talk:Tidy Towns (Ireland)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tidy_Towns_(Ireland)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tidy Towns (Ireland)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tidy_Towns_(Ireland)_winners" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tidy_Towns_(Ireland)" title="Tidy Towns (Ireland)">Tidy Towns (Ireland)</a> winners</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1958: <a href="/wiki/Glenties" title="Glenties">Glenties</a></li> <li>1959: <a href="/wiki/Glenties" title="Glenties">Glenties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1960: <a href="/wiki/Glenties" title="Glenties">Glenties</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/Rathvilly" title="Rathvilly">Rathvilly</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/Glenties" title="Glenties">Glenties</a></li> <li>1963: <a href="/wiki/Rathvilly" title="Rathvilly">Rathvilly</a></li> <li>1964: <a href="/wiki/Virginia,_County_Cavan" title="Virginia, County Cavan">Virginia</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/wiki/Virginia,_County_Cavan" title="Virginia, County Cavan">Virginia</a></li> <li>1966: <a href="/wiki/Ballyjamesduff" title="Ballyjamesduff">Ballyjamesduff</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Ballyjamesduff" title="Ballyjamesduff">Ballyjamesduff</a></li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/Rathvilly" title="Rathvilly">Rathvilly</a></li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/Tyrrellspass" title="Tyrrellspass">Tyrrellspass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1970: <a href="/wiki/Malin,_County_Donegal" title="Malin, County Donegal">Malin</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/wiki/Ballyconnell" title="Ballyconnell">Ballyconnell</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/Trim,_County_Meath" title="Trim, County Meath">Trim</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/wiki/Kiltegan" title="Kiltegan">Kiltegan</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Ballyconnell" title="Ballyconnell">Ballyconnell</a> & <a href="/wiki/Trim,_County_Meath" title="Trim, County Meath">Trim</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/Kilsheelan" title="Kilsheelan">Kilsheelan</a></li> <li>1976: <a href="/wiki/Adare" title="Adare">Adare</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Multyfarnham" title="Multyfarnham">Multyfarnham</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Glaslough" title="Glaslough">Glaslough</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Kilsheelan" title="Kilsheelan">Kilsheelan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Newtowncashel" title="Newtowncashel">Newtowncashel</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Mountshannon" title="Mountshannon">Mountshannon</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Dunmanway" title="Dunmanway">Dunmanway</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Terryglass" title="Terryglass">Terryglass</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Trim,_County_Meath" title="Trim, County Meath">Trim</a></li> <li>1985: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kilkenny</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Kinsale" title="Kinsale">Kinsale</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Sneem" title="Sneem">Sneem</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Carlingford,_County_Louth" title="Carlingford, County Louth">Carlingford</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Ardagh,_County_Longford" title="Ardagh, County Longford">Ardagh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Malahide" title="Malahide">Malahide</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Malin,_County_Donegal" title="Malin, County Donegal">Malin</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Ardmore,_County_Waterford" title="Ardmore, County Waterford">Ardmore</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Keadue" title="Keadue">Keadue</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Galbally,_County_Limerick" title="Galbally, County Limerick">Galbally</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Glenties" title="Glenties">Glenties</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Ardagh,_County_Longford" title="Ardagh, County Longford">Ardagh</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Terryglass" title="Terryglass">Terryglass</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Ardagh,_County_Longford" title="Ardagh, County Longford">Ardagh</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Clonakilty" title="Clonakilty">Clonakilty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Kenmare" title="Kenmare">Kenmare</a></li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Westport,_County_Mayo" title="Westport, County Mayo">Westport</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Castletown,_County_Laois" title="Castletown, County Laois">Castletown</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Keadue" title="Keadue">Keadue</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Lismore,_County_Waterford" title="Lismore, County Waterford">Lismore</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Ennis" title="Ennis">Ennis</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Westport,_County_Mayo" title="Westport, County Mayo">Westport</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Aughrim,_County_Wicklow" title="Aughrim, County Wicklow">Aughrim</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Westport,_County_Mayo" title="Westport, County Mayo">Westport</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Emly" title="Emly">Emly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Tallanstown" title="Tallanstown">Tallanstown</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Killarney" title="Killarney">Killarney</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Abbeyshrule" title="Abbeyshrule">Abbeyshrule</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Moynalty" title="Moynalty">Moynalty</a></li> <li>2014: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kilkenny</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Letterkenny" title="Letterkenny">Letterkenny</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Skerries,_Dublin" title="Skerries, Dublin">Skerries</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Birdhill" title="Birdhill">Birdhill</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Listowel" title="Listowel">Listowel</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Glaslough" title="Glaslough">Glaslough</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2020: <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Cancelled_cross.svg/15px-Cancelled_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Cancelled_cross.svg/23px-Cancelled_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Cancelled_cross.svg/30px-Cancelled_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <b>Cancelled</b></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Ennis" title="Ennis">Ennis</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Trim,_County_Meath" title="Trim, County Meath">Trim</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Abbeyleix" title="Abbeyleix">Abbeyleix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109092#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109092#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109092#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/148379773">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4265639-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83219738">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12049048f">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12049048f">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007564780705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/efc94827-b2fe-4926-b962-cac8e2efb409">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02870973X">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&oldid=1258417594">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kilkenny&oldid=1258417594</a>"</div></div> <div 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