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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Photography in which every point in the image has the same hue but different intensity</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:238px;max-width:238px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:188px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Adams_The_Tetons_and_the_Snake_River.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Adams_The_Tetons_and_the_Snake_River.jpg/236px-Adams_The_Tetons_and_the_Snake_River.jpg" decoding="async" width="236" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Adams_The_Tetons_and_the_Snake_River.jpg/354px-Adams_The_Tetons_and_the_Snake_River.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Adams_The_Tetons_and_the_Snake_River.jpg/472px-Adams_The_Tetons_and_the_Snake_River.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2402" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tetons_and_the_Snake_River" title="The Tetons and the Snake River">The Tetons and the Snake River</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Ansel_Adams" title="Ansel Adams">Ansel Adams</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:150px;max-width:150px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:188px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doris_Ulmann_-_Laborers_hands.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Doris_Ulmann_-_Laborers_hands.jpg/148px-Doris_Ulmann_-_Laborers_hands.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Doris_Ulmann_-_Laborers_hands.jpg/222px-Doris_Ulmann_-_Laborers_hands.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Doris_Ulmann_-_Laborers_hands.jpg/296px-Doris_Ulmann_-_Laborers_hands.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2656" data-file-height="3376" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i>Laborer's hands</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Doris_Ulmann" title="Doris Ulmann">Doris Ulmann</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p><b>Monochrome photography</b> is <a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">photography</a> where each position on an image can record and show a different <i>amount</i> of light (<a href="/wiki/Value_(color)" class="mw-redirect" title="Value (color)">value</a>), but not a different color (<a href="/wiki/Hue" title="Hue">hue</a>). The majority of monochrome photographs produced today are <a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">black-and-white</a>, either from a <a href="/wiki/Gelatin_silver_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Gelatin silver process">gelatin silver process</a>, or as <a href="/wiki/Digital_photography" title="Digital photography">digital photography</a>. Other hues besides grey can be used to create monochrome photography,<sup id="cite_ref-Lambrecht_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambrecht-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but brown and <a href="/wiki/Sepia_(color)" title="Sepia (color)">sepia</a> tones are the result of older processes like the <a href="/wiki/Albumen_print" title="Albumen print">albumen print</a>, and cyan tones are the product of <a href="/wiki/Cyanotype" title="Cyanotype">cyanotype</a> prints. </p><p>As monochrome photography provides an inherently less accurate reproduction than <a href="/wiki/Color_photography" title="Color photography">color photography</a>, it is mostly used for artistic purposes and certain <a href="/wiki/Imaging" title="Imaging">technical imaging</a> applications. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monochrome_photography&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_photography" title="History of photography">History of photography</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kauppatori_Kolera-altaan_luona_-_G30718_-_hkm.HKMS000005-km0000phjs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Kauppatori_Kolera-altaan_luona_-_G30718_-_hkm.HKMS000005-km0000phjs.jpg/220px-Kauppatori_Kolera-altaan_luona_-_G30718_-_hkm.HKMS000005-km0000phjs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Kauppatori_Kolera-altaan_luona_-_G30718_-_hkm.HKMS000005-km0000phjs.jpg/330px-Kauppatori_Kolera-altaan_luona_-_G30718_-_hkm.HKMS000005-km0000phjs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Kauppatori_Kolera-altaan_luona_-_G30718_-_hkm.HKMS000005-km0000phjs.jpg/440px-Kauppatori_Kolera-altaan_luona_-_G30718_-_hkm.HKMS000005-km0000phjs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6162" data-file-height="4420" /></a><figcaption>Monochrome picture of <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Market_Square,_Helsinki" title="Market Square, Helsinki">Market Square</a> from the 1890s</figcaption></figure> <p>Although methods for <a href="/wiki/Color_photography" title="Color photography">photographing in color</a> emerged slowly starting in the 1850s, monochrome imagery dominated photography until the mid–twentieth century. From the start, photographic recording processes such as the <a href="/wiki/Daguerreotype" title="Daguerreotype">daguerreotype</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Paper_negative" title="Paper negative">paper negative</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Collodion_process" title="Collodion process">glass collodion negative</a> did not render the color of light (although they were sensitive to some colors more than others). The result was a monochrome image. </p><p>Until the 1880s, photographic processes that were used for printing negatives—such as <a href="/wiki/Calotype" title="Calotype">calotype</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ambrotype" title="Ambrotype">ambrotype</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tintype" title="Tintype">tintype</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salt_print" title="Salt print">salt print</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Albumen_print" title="Albumen print">albumen print</a>—generally produced images with a variety of brown or sepia tones. Later processes moved toward a black-and-white image, although photographers have used <a href="/wiki/Photographic_print_toning" title="Photographic print toning">toning</a> solutions to convert silver in the image to silver sulphide, imparting a brown or <a href="/wiki/Photographic_print_toning#Sepia_toning" title="Photographic print toning">sepia tone</a>. Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Photographic_print_toning#Selenium_toning" title="Photographic print toning">selenium toner</a> produces a blue-black or purple image by converting silver into more stable silver selenide.<sup id="cite_ref-Graves_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graves-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cyanotype" title="Cyanotype">Cyanotypes</a> use iron salts rather than silver salts, producing blue images.<sup id="cite_ref-Lambrecht_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambrecht-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most modern black-and-white films, called <a href="/wiki/Panchromatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Panchromatic">panchromatic</a> films, record the entire <a href="/wiki/Visible_spectrum" title="Visible spectrum">visible spectrum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Langford_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Langford-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 157">: 157 </span></sup> Some films are <a href="/wiki/Orthochromatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthochromatic">orthochromatic</a>, recording visible light wavelengths shorter than 590 <a href="/wiki/Nanometres" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanometres">nanometers</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Langford_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Langford-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 158">: 158 </span></sup> in the blue to green range of the spectrum and are less sensitive to the longer wavelength range (i.e. orange-red) of the visible spectrum.<sup id="cite_ref-Upton_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Upton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_techniques_and_uses">Modern techniques and uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monochrome_photography&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Modern techniques and uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kearny_Generating_Station_September_2020_BW.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Kearny_Generating_Station_September_2020_BW.jpg/220px-Kearny_Generating_Station_September_2020_BW.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Kearny_Generating_Station_September_2020_BW.jpg/330px-Kearny_Generating_Station_September_2020_BW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Kearny_Generating_Station_September_2020_BW.jpg/440px-Kearny_Generating_Station_September_2020_BW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5440" data-file-height="3060" /></a><figcaption>Digital photo of <a href="/wiki/Kearny_Generating_Station" title="Kearny Generating Station">Kearny Generating Station</a>, converted to black and white in <a href="/wiki/Lightroom" class="mw-redirect" title="Lightroom">Lightroom</a>, with color channels adjusted to mimic the effect of a <a href="/wiki/Photographic_filter#Contrast_enhancement" title="Photographic filter">red filter</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peccoral_Ensemble_1968.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Peccoral_Ensemble_1968.jpg/220px-Peccoral_Ensemble_1968.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Peccoral_Ensemble_1968.jpg/330px-Peccoral_Ensemble_1968.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Peccoral_Ensemble_1968.jpg/440px-Peccoral_Ensemble_1968.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="419" /></a><figcaption>1968 group portrait of a Swedish musical's cast</figcaption></figure> <p>Black-and-white photography is considered by some to be more subtle and interpretive, and less realistic than color photography.<sup id="cite_ref-Langford_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Langford-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 5">: 5 </span></sup> Monochrome images are not direct renditions of their subjects, but are abstractions from reality, representing colors in shades of grey. In computer terms, this is often called <a href="/wiki/Greyscale" class="mw-redirect" title="Greyscale">greyscale</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Black-and-white photography is considered by some to add a more emotional touch to the subject, compared with the original colored photography.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Monochrome images may be produced in a number of ways. Finding and capturing a scene having only variants of a certain hue, while difficult and uncommon in practice, will result in an image that technically qualifies as a monochrome photo.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One can also artificially limit the range of color in a photo to those within a certain hue by using black-and-white <a href="/wiki/Photographic_film" title="Photographic film">film</a> or <a href="/wiki/Photographic_paper" title="Photographic paper">paper</a>, or by manipulating color images using computer software. </p><p>Color images can be converted to black and white on the computer using several methods, including desaturating the existing color RGB image so that no color remains visible (which still allows color channels to be manipulated to alter tones such as darkening a blue sky), or by converting the image to a greyscale version (which eliminates the colors permanently), using software programs like Photoshop.<sup id="cite_ref-Gibson_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gibson-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After software conversion to a monochrome image, one or more hues can replace the grey tones to emulate <a href="/wiki/Duotone" title="Duotone">duotones</a>, sepia, selenium or gold toned images or cyanotype, calotype or albumen prints.<sup id="cite_ref-Lambrecht_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambrecht-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Beardsworth_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beardsworth-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Digital_black-and-white_cameras">Digital black-and-white cameras</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monochrome_photography&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Digital black-and-white cameras"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although digital images captured in color can be modified with a digital black and white process, some specialized cameras photograph natively in black and white with no option for color.<sup id="cite_ref-gp_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gp-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Black and white digital cameras are often designed without a <a href="/wiki/Bayer_filter" title="Bayer filter">Bayer filter</a>, avoiding the <a href="/wiki/Demosaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Demosaic">demosaicing</a> process and meaning that a camera will only capture raw <a href="/wiki/Luminance" title="Luminance">luminance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gp_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gp-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This allows these specialized cameras to capture the full spectrum of available light. </p><p>Some feature films, including <i><a href="/wiki/Blonde_(2022_film)" title="Blonde (2022 film)">Blonde</a></i>, were shot using specialized digital video equipment designed without a Bayer filter — rather than black and white film — in order to enable longer takes.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Leica_M_Monochrom" title="Leica M Monochrom">Leica M Monochrom</a> is a digital camera in <a href="/wiki/Leica_Camera" title="Leica Camera">Leica Camera AG</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Rangefinder_camera" title="Rangefinder camera">rangefinder</a> M series, and features a monochrome <a href="/wiki/Image_sensor" title="Image sensor">sensor</a>. The camera was announced in May 2012. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Phase_One_(company)" title="Phase One (company)">Phase One</a> IQ3 100MP Achromatic is a digital medium format camera with an ISO rating exceeding up to 51,200. The camera was released in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Pentax K3 Mark III was released as a monochromatic version in 2023 to high demand.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Monochromatic_modifiers">Monochromatic modifiers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monochrome_photography&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Monochromatic modifiers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The use of the following modifiers can add a different aesthetic to images without software manipulation, each for their own unique purposes:<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_gel" title="Color gel">Color filters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral-density_filter" title="Neutral-density filter">Neutral density filters</a> (gradual or standard ND filters)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polarizing_filter_(photography)" title="Polarizing filter (photography)">Polarizing filters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared_cut-off_filter" title="Infrared cut-off filter">Infrared filter</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Astrophotography_applications">Astrophotography applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monochrome_photography&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Astrophotography applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Monochrome-astrophotography-techniques" title="Monochrome-astrophotography-techniques">Monochrome imaging for astrophotography</a> is a popular technique among amateur astrophotographers. Modern monochrome cameras dispose of the color <a href="/wiki/Bayer_filter" title="Bayer filter">bayer matrix</a> that sits in front of the sensor. This allows for specialized <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_filter" title="Astronomical filter">narrowband filters</a> to be used, allowing the entire sensor area to be utilized for specific wavelengths of light emitted by many deep space objects. Hydrogen-alpha, a common wavelength used, is red in color. and only the red pixels, approximately 25% of the sensor, will detect this light. In a monochrome camera, the whole sensor can be used to detect this signal. Monochrome photography is also useful in areas of high light pollution.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Monochrome_Photography_in_Advertising">Monochrome Photography in Advertising</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monochrome_photography&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Monochrome Photography in Advertising"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Colorful food photography increases the customer's desire to buy by making the food more enticing and more beautiful.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Image_gallery">Image gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monochrome_photography&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Image gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 972px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Building_-_Monochrome_-_Black_and_White.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Black and white image"><img alt="Black and white image" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Building_-_Monochrome_-_Black_and_White.jpg/200px-Building_-_Monochrome_-_Black_and_White.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Building_-_Monochrome_-_Black_and_White.jpg/300px-Building_-_Monochrome_-_Black_and_White.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Building_-_Monochrome_-_Black_and_White.jpg/400px-Building_-_Monochrome_-_Black_and_White.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Black and white image</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Building_-_Monochrome_-_Sepia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Digitally toned sepia image"><img alt="Digitally toned sepia image" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Building_-_Monochrome_-_Sepia.jpg/200px-Building_-_Monochrome_-_Sepia.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Building_-_Monochrome_-_Sepia.jpg/300px-Building_-_Monochrome_-_Sepia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Building_-_Monochrome_-_Sepia.jpg/400px-Building_-_Monochrome_-_Sepia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Digitally toned sepia image</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Building_-_Monochrome_-_Cyanotype.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Digitally toned cyanotype image"><img alt="Digitally toned cyanotype image" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Building_-_Monochrome_-_Cyanotype.jpg/200px-Building_-_Monochrome_-_Cyanotype.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Building_-_Monochrome_-_Cyanotype.jpg/300px-Building_-_Monochrome_-_Cyanotype.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Building_-_Monochrome_-_Cyanotype.jpg/400px-Building_-_Monochrome_-_Cyanotype.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Digitally toned cyanotype image</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyanotype.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cyanotype by Darkroom Processing"><img alt="cyanotype darkroom processing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Cyanotype.jpg/200px-Cyanotype.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Cyanotype.jpg/300px-Cyanotype.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Cyanotype.jpg/400px-Cyanotype.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3370" data-file-height="2278" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cyanotype by Darkroom Processing</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monochrome_photography&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographs_considered_the_most_important" title="List of photographs considered the most important">List of photographs considered the most important</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruh_khitch" title="Ruh khitch">Ruh khitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_and_white" class="mw-redirect" title="Black and white">Black and white</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanotype" title="Cyanotype">Cyanotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrotype" title="Ambrotype">Ambrotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calotype" title="Calotype">Calotype</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monochrome_photography&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Lambrecht-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lambrecht_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lambrecht_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lambrecht_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLambrechtWoodhouse2011" class="citation book cs1">Lambrecht, Ralph W.; Woodhouse, Chris (2011). <i>Way beyond monochrome: advanced techniques for traditional black & white photography</i> (2nd ed.). Amsterdam: Focal press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-240-81625-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-240-81625-8"><bdi>978-0-240-81625-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Way+beyond+monochrome%3A+advanced+techniques+for+traditional+black+%26+white+photography&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Focal+press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-240-81625-8&rft.aulast=Lambrecht&rft.aufirst=Ralph+W.&rft.au=Woodhouse%2C+Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonochrome+photography" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Graves-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Graves_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraves2000" class="citation book cs1">Graves, Carson (2000). "Chapter 8 - Toning". <i>Elements of black and white printing</i> (2nd ed.). Oxford: Focal. pp. 100–115. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0240803128" title="Special:BookSources/978-0240803128"><bdi>978-0240803128</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+8+-+Toning&rft.btitle=Elements+of+black+and+white+printing&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=100-115&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Focal&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0240803128&rft.aulast=Graves&rft.aufirst=Carson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonochrome+photography" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Langford-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Langford_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Langford_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Langford_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangford2000" class="citation book cs1">Langford, Michael (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/basicphotography00lang"><i>Basic Photography</i></a></span> (7th ed.). Oxford: Focal Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-240-51592-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-240-51592-7"><bdi>0-240-51592-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Basic+Photography&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=Focal+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-240-51592-7&rft.aulast=Langford&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbasicphotography00lang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonochrome+photography" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Upton-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Upton_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUpton2008" class="citation book cs1">Upton, Barbara London, Jim Stone, John Upton (2008). <i>Photography</i> (9th ed.). 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"The use of narrow band filters such as S II, H-alpha and O III to eliminate light pollution and produce images using the Hubble Palette". <i>Cambridge University Press</i>: 191–198.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.atitle=The+use+of+narrow+band+filters+such+as+S+II%2C+H-alpha+and+O+III+to+eliminate+light+pollution+and+produce+images+using+the+Hubble+Palette.&rft.pages=191-198&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Morison&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonochrome+photography" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDettaSamsulhadiJonathanSyarib2024" class="citation journal cs1">Detta, Harinnita; Samsulhadi, Zulaikha Shabrina; Jonathan, Georgius; Syarib, Ahmad Iqbal (2024-04-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eduvest.greenvest.co.id/index.php/edv/article/view/1056">"Effect of Colorful Food Photography and Consumer Intentions to Purchase Food and Beverages"</a>. <i>Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies</i>. <b>4</b> (4): 1678–1688. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.59188%2Feduvest.v4i4.1056">10.59188/eduvest.v4i4.1056</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2775-3727">2775-3727</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eduvest+-+Journal+of+Universal+Studies&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Colorful+Food+Photography+and+Consumer+Intentions+to+Purchase+Food+and+Beverages&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1678-1688&rft.date=2024-04-20&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.59188%2Feduvest.v4i4.1056&rft.issn=2775-3727&rft.aulast=Detta&rft.aufirst=Harinnita&rft.au=Samsulhadi%2C+Zulaikha+Shabrina&rft.au=Jonathan%2C+Georgius&rft.au=Syarib%2C+Ahmad+Iqbal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feduvest.greenvest.co.id%2Findex.php%2Fedv%2Farticle%2Fview%2F1056&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonochrome+photography" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monochrome_photography&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Photography" title="Template:Photography"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Photography" title="Template talk:Photography"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Photography" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Photography"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Photography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">Photography</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camera" title="Camera">Camera</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Light_field_camera" title="Light field camera">light-field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_camera" title="Digital camera">digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_camera" title="Field camera">field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_camera" title="Instant camera">instant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera_phone" title="Camera phone">phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinhole_camera" title="Pinhole camera">pinhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_camera" title="Press camera">press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangefinder_camera" title="Rangefinder camera">rangefinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-lens_reflex_camera" title="Single-lens reflex camera">SLR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera" title="Camera">still</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin-lens_reflex_camera" title="Twin-lens reflex camera">TLR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_camera" title="Toy camera">toy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/View_camera" title="View camera">view</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darkroom" title="Darkroom">Darkroom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlarger" title="Enlarger">enlarger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safelight" title="Safelight">safelight</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_film" title="Photographic film">Film</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Film_base" title="Film base">base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_format" title="Film format">format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_holder" title="Film holder">holder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_stock" title="Film stock">stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographic_films" title="List of photographic films">available films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_discontinued_photographic_films" title="List of discontinued photographic films">discontinued films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_filter" title="Photographic filter">Filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_(photography)" title="Flash (photography)">Flash</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beauty_dish" title="Beauty dish">beauty dish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucoloris" title="Cucoloris">cucoloris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gobo_(lighting)" title="Gobo (lighting)">gobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_shoe" title="Hot shoe">hot shoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lens_hood" title="Lens hood">lens hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monolight" title="Monolight">monolight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflector_(photography)" title="Reflector (photography)">reflector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snoot" title="Snoot">snoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softbox" title="Softbox">softbox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera_lens" title="Camera lens">Lens</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long-focus_lens" title="Long-focus lens">long-focus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_lens" title="Prime lens">prime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoom_lens" title="Zoom lens">zoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide-angle_lens" title="Wide-angle lens">wide-angle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheye_lens" title="Fisheye lens">fisheye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swivel_lens" title="Swivel lens">swivel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephoto_lens" title="Telephoto lens">telephoto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographic_equipment_makers" title="List of photographic equipment makers">Manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopod" title="Monopod">Monopod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movie_projector" title="Movie projector">Movie projector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slide_projector" title="Slide projector">Slide projector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripod_(photography)" title="Tripod (photography)">Tripod</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tripod_head" title="Tripod head">head</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zone_plate" title="Zone plate">Zone plate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/35_mm_equivalent_focal_length" title="35 mm equivalent focal length">35 mm equivalent focal length</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angle_of_view_(photography)" title="Angle of view (photography)">Angle of view</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aperture" title="Aperture">Aperture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backscatter_(photography)" title="Backscatter (photography)">Backscatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">Black-and-white</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromatic_aberration" title="Chromatic aberration">Chromatic aberration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_of_confusion" title="Circle of confusion">Circle of confusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clipping_(photography)" title="Clipping (photography)">Clipping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_balance" title="Color balance">Color balance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_temperature" title="Color temperature">Color temperature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depth_of_field" title="Depth of field">Depth of field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depth_of_focus" title="Depth of focus">Depth of focus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_(photography)" title="Exposure (photography)">Exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_compensation" title="Exposure compensation">Exposure compensation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_value" title="Exposure value">Exposure value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebra_patterning" title="Zebra patterning">Zebra patterning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-number" title="F-number">F-number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_format" title="Film format">Film format</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Large_format" title="Large format">large</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium_format" title="Medium format">medium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">Film speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focal_length" title="Focal length">Focal length</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guide_number" title="Guide number">Guide number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperfocal_distance" title="Hyperfocal distance">Hyperfocal distance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lens_flare" title="Lens flare">Lens flare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metering_mode" title="Metering mode">Metering mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perspective_distortion" title="Perspective distortion">Perspective distortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photograph" title="Photograph">Photograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_printing" title="Photographic printing">Photographic printing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albumen_print" title="Albumen print">Albumen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographic_processes" title="List of photographic processes">Photographic processes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reciprocity_(photography)" title="Reciprocity (photography)">Reciprocity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-eye_effect" title="Red-eye effect">Red-eye effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_of_photography" title="Science of photography">Science of photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shutter_speed" title="Shutter speed">Shutter speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_synchronization" title="Flash synchronization">Sync</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zone_System" title="Zone System">Zone System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_photography" title="Abstract photography">Abstract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_photography" title="Aerial photography">Aerial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_spotting" title="Aircraft spotting">Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_photography" title="Architectural photography">Architectural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrophotography" title="Astrophotography">Astrophotography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banquet_photography" title="Banquet photography">Banquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candid_photography" title="Candid photography">Candid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_photography" title="Conceptual photography">Conceptual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_photography" title="Conservation photography">Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloudscape_photography" title="Cloudscape photography">Cloudscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_photography" title="Documentary photography">Documentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclipse_photography" title="Eclipse photography">Eclipse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_anthropology" title="Visual anthropology">Ethnographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_photography" title="Erotic photography">Erotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_photography" title="Fashion photography">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine-art_photography" title="Fine-art photography">Fine-art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_photography" title="Fire photography">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_photography" title="Forensic photography">Forensic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glamour_photography" title="Glamour photography">Glamour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_photography" title="High-speed photography">High-speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_photography" title="Landscape photography">Landscape</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Monochrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_photography" title="Nature photography">Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neues_Sehen" title="Neues Sehen">Neues Sehen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nude_photography" title="Nude photography">Nude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photojournalism" title="Photojournalism">Photojournalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictorialism" title="Pictorialism">Pictorialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">Pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrait_photography" title="Portrait photography">Portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-mortem_photography" title="Post-mortem photography">Post-mortem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruins_photography" title="Ruins photography">Ruins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selfie" title="Selfie">Selfie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_selfie" title="Space selfie">space selfie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_documentary_photography" title="Social documentary photography">Social documentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_photography" title="Sports photography">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Still_life_photography" title="Still life photography">Still life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_photography" title="Stock photography">Stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_photography" title="Straight photography">Straight photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_photography" title="Street photography">Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_camera" title="Toy camera">Toy camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_photography" title="Underwater photography">Underwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernacular_photography" title="Vernacular photography">Vernacular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_photography" title="Wedding photography">Wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_photography" title="Wildlife photography">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afocal_photography" title="Afocal photography">Afocal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bokeh" title="Bokeh">Bokeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenizer_method" title="Brenizer method">Brenizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burst_mode_(photography)" title="Burst mode (photography)">Burst mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contre-jour" title="Contre-jour">Contre-jour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposing_to_the_right" title="Exposing to the right">ETTR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fill_flash" title="Fill flash">Fill flash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireworks_photography" title="Fireworks photography">Fireworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand-colouring_of_photographs" title="Hand-colouring of photographs">Hand-colouring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harris_shutter" title="Harris shutter">Harris shutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_photography" title="High-speed photography">High-speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holography" title="Holography">Holography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared_photography" title="Infrared photography">Infrared</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_camera_movement" title="Intentional camera movement">Intentional camera movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirlian_photography" title="Kirlian photography">Kirlian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kite_aerial_photography" title="Kite aerial photography">Kite aerial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lo-fi_photography" title="Lo-fi photography">Lo-fi photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-exposure_photography" title="Long-exposure photography">Long-exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luminogram" title="Luminogram">Luminogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macro_photography" title="Macro photography">Macro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordan%C3%A7age" title="Mordançage">Mordançage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_exposure" title="Multiple exposure">Multiple exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-exposure_HDR_capture" title="Multi-exposure HDR capture">Multi-exposure HDR capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_photography" title="Night photography">Night</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panning_(camera)" title="Panning (camera)">Panning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panoramic_photography" title="Panoramic photography">Panoramic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photogram" title="Photogram">Photogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_print_toning" title="Photographic print toning">Print toning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigeon_photography" title="Pigeon photography">Pigeon photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redscale" title="Redscale">Redscale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rephotography" title="Rephotography">Rephotography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollout_photography" title="Rollout photography">Rollout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scanography" title="Scanography">Scanography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlieren_photography" title="Schlieren photography">Schlieren photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabattier_effect" title="Sabattier effect">Sabattier effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_motion" title="Slow motion">Slow motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereoscopy" title="Stereoscopy">Stereoscopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stopping_down" title="Stopping down">Stopping down</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strip_photography" title="Strip photography">Strip</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slit-scan_photography" title="Slit-scan photography">Slit-scan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_printing" title="Sun printing">Sun printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilt%E2%80%93shift_photography" title="Tilt–shift photography">Tilt–shift</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_faking" title="Miniature faking">Miniature faking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-lapse_photography" title="Time-lapse photography">Time-lapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_photography" title="Ultraviolet photography">Ultraviolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vignetting" title="Vignetting">Vignetting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xerox_art" title="Xerox art">Xerography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoom_burst" title="Zoom burst">Zoom burst</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Composition_(visual_arts)" title="Composition (visual arts)">Composition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diagonal_method" title="Diagonal method">Diagonal method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framing_(visual_arts)" title="Framing (visual arts)">Framing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headroom_(photographic_framing)" title="Headroom (photographic framing)">Headroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_room" title="Lead room">Lead room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_thirds" title="Rule of thirds">Rule of thirds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simplicity_(photography)" title="Simplicity (photography)">Simplicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_triangle_(composition)" title="Golden triangle (composition)">Golden triangle (composition)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_photography" title="History of photography">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_photography_technology" title="Timeline of photography technology">Timeline of photography technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrotype" title="Ambrotype">Ambrotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analog_photography" title="Analog photography">Analog photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autochrome_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Autochrome Lumière">Autochrome Lumière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_camera" title="Box camera">Box camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calotype" title="Calotype">Calotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera_obscura" title="Camera obscura">Camera obscura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daguerreotype" title="Daguerreotype">Daguerreotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dufaycolor" title="Dufaycolor">Dufaycolor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliography" title="Heliography">Heliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lippmann_plate" title="Lippmann plate">Lippmann plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painted_photography_backdrops" title="Painted photography backdrops">Painted photography backdrops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_and_the_law" title="Photography and the law">Photography and the law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_plate" title="Photographic plate">Glass plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tintype" title="Tintype">Tintype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">Visual arts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Albania" title="Photography in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Bangladesh" title="Photography in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Canada" title="Photography in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_China" title="Photography in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Denmark" title="Photography in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Greece" title="Photography in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_India" title="Photography in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Japan" title="Photography in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Korea" title="Photography in Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Luxembourg" title="Photography in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Norway" title="Photography in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_the_Philippines" title="Photography in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Serbia" title="Photography in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Photography in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Sudan" title="Photography in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Taiwan" title="Photography in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Turkey" title="Photography in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Ukraine" title="Photography in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_the_United_States" title="Photography in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Uzbekistan" title="Photography in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Vietnam" title="Photography in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_photography" title="Digital photography">Digital photography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_camera" title="Digital camera">Digital camera</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_single-lens_reflex_camera" title="Digital single-lens reflex camera">D-SLR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_digital_SLRs" title="Comparison of digital SLRs">comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirrorless_camera" title="Mirrorless camera">MILC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_camera_back" title="Digital camera back">camera back</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digiscoping" title="Digiscoping">Digiscoping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_digital_and_film_photography" title="Comparison of digital and film photography">Comparison of digital and film photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_scanner" title="Film scanner">Film scanner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_sensor" title="Image sensor">Image sensor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active-pixel_sensor" title="Active-pixel sensor">CMOS APS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge-coupled_device" title="Charge-coupled device">CCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-CCD_camera" title="Three-CCD camera">Three-CCD camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foveon_X3_sensor" title="Foveon X3 sensor">Foveon X3 sensor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_sharing" title="Image sharing">Image sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel" title="Pixel">Pixel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Color_photography" title="Color photography">Color photography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_print_film" title="Color print film">Print film</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromogenic_print" title="Chromogenic print">Chromogenic print</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reversal_film" title="Reversal film">Reversal film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_management" title="Color management">Color management</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_space" title="Color space">color space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primary_color" title="Primary color">primary color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMYK_color_model" title="CMYK color model">CMYK color model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RGB_color_model" title="RGB color model">RGB color model</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Photographic_processing" title="Photographic processing">Photographic<br />processing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bleach_bypass" title="Bleach bypass">Bleach bypass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-41_process" title="C-41 process">C-41 process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collodion_process" title="Collodion process">Collodion process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_processing" title="Cross processing">Cross processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanotype" title="Cyanotype">Cyanotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_developer" title="Photographic developer">Developer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_image_processing" title="Digital image processing">Digital image processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dye_coupler" title="Dye coupler">Dye coupler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-6_process" title="E-6 process">E-6 process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_fixer" title="Photographic fixer">Fixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelatin_silver_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Gelatin silver process">Gelatin silver process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gum_printing" title="Gum printing">Gum printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_film" title="Instant film">Instant film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-14_process" title="K-14 process">K-14 process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Print_permanence" title="Print permanence">Print permanence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Push_processing" title="Push processing">Push processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_bath" title="Stop bath">Stop bath</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_photographs" title="List of largest photographs">Largest photographs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_photographs" title="List of most expensive photographs">Most expensive photographs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_devoted_to_one_photographer" title="List of museums devoted to one photographer">Museums devoted to one photographer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographs_considered_the_most_important" title="List of photographs considered the most important">Photographs considered the most important</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographers" title="List of photographers">Photographers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_photographers" title="List of Norwegian photographers">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_photographers" title="List of Polish photographers">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_street_photographers" title="List of street photographers">street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_women_photographers" title="List of women photographers">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photography_periodicals" title="List of photography periodicals">Photography periodicals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_photographs" title="Conservation and restoration of photographs">Conservation and restoration of photographs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_film" title="Conservation and restoration of film">film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_photographic_plates" title="Conservation and restoration of photographic plates">photographic plates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_camera#Lomography" title="Toy camera">Lomography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polaroid_art" title="Polaroid art">Polaroid art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereoscopy" title="Stereoscopy">Stereoscopy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Photography" 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