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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legends" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legends"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Legends</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legends-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Construction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Veneration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Veneration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Veneration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Veneration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Veneration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Veneration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vishnupada_temple" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vishnupada_temple"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Vishnupada temple</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vishnupada_temple-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paduka_Sahasram" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paduka_Sahasram"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Paduka Sahasram</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paduka_Sahasram-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guru_Paduka_Stotram" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guru_Paduka_Stotram"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Guru Paduka Stotram</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guru_Paduka_Stotram-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Satchidananda_Utsav" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Satchidananda_Utsav"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Satchidananda Utsav</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Satchidananda_Utsav-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item 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href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%AE" title="খড়ম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="খড়ম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paduka" title="Paduka – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Paduka" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paduka" title="Paduka – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Paduka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paduka" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">South Asian footwear</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the genus of butterfly, see <a href="/wiki/Paduka_(butterfly)" title="Paduka (butterfly)">Paduka (butterfly)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paduka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Paduka.jpg/250px-Paduka.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Paduka.jpg/375px-Paduka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Paduka.jpg/500px-Paduka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="665" data-file-height="443" /></a><figcaption>Elaborate <i>paduka</i> with high platform was part of a bride's trousseau.<sup id="cite_ref-arch_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arch-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Paduka</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">पादुक</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Sanskrit" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Sanskrit">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">pāduka</i></span>) is an ancient form of footwear in India, consisting of a sole with a post and knob which is positioned between the big and second toe.<sup id="cite_ref-aas.ca_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aas.ca-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been historically worn in <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>. <i>Paduka</i> exist in a variety of forms and materials. They might be made in the shape of actual feet, or of fish, for example, and have been made of wood, ivory and silver. They may be elaborately decorated, such as when used as part of a bride's <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/trousseau" class="extiw" title="wikt:trousseau">trousseau</a>, but could also be given as religious offerings or themselves be the object of veneration.<sup id="cite_ref-arch_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arch-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although simple wooden <i>padukas</i> could be worn by common people, <i>padukas</i> of fine teak, ebony and sandalwood, inlaid with ivory or wire, were a mark of the wearer's high status.<sup id="cite_ref-aas.ca_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aas.ca-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the modern world, <i>padukas</i> are worn as footwear by mendicants and saints of <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a>. Its significance in Hinduism is linked to the epic <i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i>. <i>Paduka</i> can also refer to the footprints of deities and saints that are venerated<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-culture_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-culture-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wear_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wear-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lexicon_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lexicon-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in symbolic form in houses and purpose-built temples. One such temple is the <a href="/wiki/Vishnupad_Mandir" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishnupad Mandir">Vishnupad Mandir</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gaya,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaya, India">Gaya, India</a>. Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Buddha_footprint" title="Buddha footprint">Buddha footprints</a> are worshipped under the <a href="/wiki/Bodhi_Tree" title="Bodhi Tree">Bodhi Tree</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bodh_Gaya" title="Bodh Gaya">Bodh Gaya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lexicon_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lexicon-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-divine_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-divine-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <p><i>Paduka</i> are the royal symbol in <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>. <i>Seri Paduka</i> denotes "His Majesty", which is a title bestowed as an honour of recognition to dignitaries of the Malaysian court.<sup id="cite_ref-Kampar_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kampar-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orissa_State_Museum,_Bhubaneswar_(10)_-_Oct_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Orissa_State_Museum%2C_Bhubaneswar_%2810%29_-_Oct_2010.jpg/250px-Orissa_State_Museum%2C_Bhubaneswar_%2810%29_-_Oct_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Orissa_State_Museum%2C_Bhubaneswar_%2810%29_-_Oct_2010.jpg/375px-Orissa_State_Museum%2C_Bhubaneswar_%2810%29_-_Oct_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Orissa_State_Museum%2C_Bhubaneswar_%2810%29_-_Oct_2010.jpg/500px-Orissa_State_Museum%2C_Bhubaneswar_%2810%29_-_Oct_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3626" data-file-height="2418" /></a><figcaption>Detail of <i>paduka</i> on sculpture, Orissa State Museum, Bhubaneswar</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paduka&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BM-Paduka.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/BM-Paduka.JPG/250px-BM-Paduka.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/BM-Paduka.JPG/375px-BM-Paduka.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/BM-Paduka.JPG/500px-BM-Paduka.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>Painted Indian <i>pāduka</i> collected by <a href="/wiki/Hans_Sloane" title="Hans Sloane">Hans Sloane</a> (1660–1753), now in the collection of the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ramappa_Temple_by_Varsha_Bhargavi_Kondapalli_20.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Ramappa_Temple_by_Varsha_Bhargavi_Kondapalli_20.jpg/220px-Ramappa_Temple_by_Varsha_Bhargavi_Kondapalli_20.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Ramappa_Temple_by_Varsha_Bhargavi_Kondapalli_20.jpg/330px-Ramappa_Temple_by_Varsha_Bhargavi_Kondapalli_20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Ramappa_Temple_by_Varsha_Bhargavi_Kondapalli_20.jpg/440px-Ramappa_Temple_by_Varsha_Bhargavi_Kondapalli_20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Female figure with paduka, 11th century</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> word <i>pāduka</i> is derivative of <i>pāda</i> meaning 'foot'. This terminology was coined to define India's ancient archetypal footwear.<sup id="cite_ref-arch_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arch-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legends">Legends</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paduka&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Legends"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>pada</i> ('foot') is cited in the ancient Hindu scripture <i><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a></i> as representing the universe, namely the <a href="/wiki/Prithvi" title="Prithvi">Prithvi</a> (earth), <a href="/wiki/Vayu" title="Vayu">Vayu</a> (air), <a href="/wiki/Akasha" title="Akasha">Akasha</a> (sky), and the element of the realm beyond the sky.<sup id="cite_ref-divine_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-divine-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Hindu epic <i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i>, King <a href="/wiki/Dasaratha" class="mw-redirect" title="Dasaratha">Dasharatha</a> sent his son <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a> (an incarnation of <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a>) into exile for 14 years at the behest of his wife <a href="/wiki/Kaikeyi" title="Kaikeyi">Kaikeyi</a> (the stepmother of Rama), who wanted her son <a href="/wiki/Bharata_(Ramayana)" title="Bharata (Ramayana)">Bharata</a> to be crowned in Rama's place. However, Bharata did not wish to rule the kingdom, and visited Rama in exile, beseeching him to return to <a href="/wiki/Ayodhya_(Ramayana)" title="Ayodhya (Ramayana)">Ayodhya</a>. When Rama replied that he would return only after completing his exile, Bharata requested Rama's <i>padukas</i> to serve as his proxy, to be crowned and to serve as an object of veneration for Rama's followers. Bharata carried Rama's golden <i>padukas</i> with great reverence by placing them on his head as a mark of his obedience to his elder brother. Bharata ruled <a href="/wiki/Kosala" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosala">Kosala</a> as Rama's regent in the name of "Rama's padukas".<sup id="cite_ref-divine_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-divine-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kampar_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kampar-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction">Construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paduka&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pandit_woman_1922_vintage_by_Vishwanath.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Pandit_woman_1922_vintage_by_Vishwanath.jpg/160px-Pandit_woman_1922_vintage_by_Vishwanath.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Pandit_woman_1922_vintage_by_Vishwanath.jpg/240px-Pandit_woman_1922_vintage_by_Vishwanath.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Pandit_woman_1922_vintage_by_Vishwanath.jpg/320px-Pandit_woman_1922_vintage_by_Vishwanath.jpg 2x" data-file-width="841" data-file-height="1314" /></a><figcaption> Kashmiri Pandit woman wearing strapped <i>paduka</i> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1922</span></figcaption></figure> <p>The footwear is basically a sandal, which has generally a wooden sole with a post and a stub to provide grip between the big and second toes. It does not have straps of any kind to adhere the sole to the foot, so the wearer has to actively grip the post between the two toes to keep the sandal in place while walking.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is also known as <i>khadau</i>, <i>karrow</i>, <i>kharawan</i> and <i>karom</i>, and used in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> mostly by mendicants, saints and commoners.<sup id="cite_ref-arch_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arch-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Made in the shape of the footprints, with two narrow and curved stilts, the design is specific to ensure that the principle of <a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">non-violence</a> – practised by the saintly followers of Hindu and Jain religions – is not violated by accidental trampling of insects and vegetation. The Brahmins wearing such a <i>paduka</i> may be heard praying: "Forgive me Mother Earth the sin of injury, the violence I do, by placing my feet upon you this morning."<sup id="cite_ref-Pada_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pada-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Padukas</i> made of <a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a> were in popular use among royalty and saints. Hindu religious ethos requires that the ivory be taken from elephants which died naturally or harvested from domesticated elephants, in a manner which avoids cruelty.<sup id="cite_ref-Ivory_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ivory-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People of high societal status wear <i>padukas</i> made of fine <a href="/wiki/Teak" title="Teak">teak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ebony" title="Ebony">ebony</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sandalwood" title="Sandalwood">sandalwood</a> and inlaid with ivory or wire. They are also made in the shape of fish as a symbol of fertility.<sup id="cite_ref-teak_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teak-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other forms of <i>padukas</i> worn on special occasions may be incised with silver or of wood covered with silver plates and sometimes adorned with bells to sound upon walking. Bronze and brass <i>padukas</i> may be worn for ritual and ceremonial use.<sup id="cite_ref-metals_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metals-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A unique pair of wooden <i>padukas</i> have their toe knobs inlaid with ivory lotus flowers and are minutely painted. At each step, a trigger mechanism in the sole signals the lotus to open from bud to blossom. They are also made in the shape of an <a href="/wiki/Hourglass" title="Hourglass">hourglass</a> or with carved toes.<sup id="cite_ref-culture_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-culture-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eighteenth-century footwear used as ritual wear made of "wood with bed of sharp iron spikes" has been found. It is inferred that it was meant to be used to inflict pain to the wearer to demonstrate his conviction in religious forbearance of pain.<sup id="cite_ref-culture_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-culture-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Veneration">Veneration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paduka&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Veneration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alandi_Palki_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Alandi_Palki_08.jpg/220px-Alandi_Palki_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Alandi_Palki_08.jpg/330px-Alandi_Palki_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Alandi_Palki_08.jpg/440px-Alandi_Palki_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Paduka of saint <a href="/wiki/Dnyaneshwar" title="Dnyaneshwar">Dnyaneshwar</a> is carried in a palanquin in a silver bullock cart in procession from <a href="/wiki/Alandi" title="Alandi">Alandi</a> to <a href="/wiki/Pandharpur" title="Pandharpur">Pandharpur</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Paduka</i> is often gifted as part of a bride's dowry. They are worshipped and given as votive offerings by faithful believers.<sup id="cite_ref-Pada_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pada-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a festival associated with the Hindu god <a href="/wiki/Vithoba" title="Vithoba">Vithoba</a>, pilgrims travel to his <a href="/wiki/Pandharpur" title="Pandharpur">Pandharpur</a> temple from <a href="/wiki/Alandi" title="Alandi">Alandi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dehu" title="Dehu">Dehu</a> towns that are closely associated with poet-saints <a href="/wiki/Dnyaneshwar" title="Dnyaneshwar">Dnyaneshwar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tukaram" title="Tukaram">Tukaram</a> (respectively), carrying the <i>padukas</i> of the saints in a silver <a href="/wiki/Palkhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Palkhi">palkhi</a> (palanquin). </p><p>A popular religious belief is of the contact (<i>sparsh</i>) with the <a href="/wiki/Salabhanjika" title="Salabhanjika">salabhanjika</a> sculpture <a href="/wiki/Yakshini" title="Yakshini">yakshini</a>'s foot. It is said that when the yakshini encircles a dormant tree with her leg around it, it starts to blossom and bear fruit. <a href="/wiki/Shalabhanjika" class="mw-redirect" title="Shalabhanjika">Shalabhanjika</a> yakshi is also an embellishment in the form of an architectural bracket in many Hindu temples.<sup id="cite_ref-divine_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-divine-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Stay_on_topic" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles"><span title="The What does this have to do with the footwear? near this tag may contain information that is not relevant to the article's main topic. (July 2020)">relevant?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Another notable feature of veneration is of the goddess <a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a>, the goddess of prosperity. On <a href="/wiki/Deepavali" class="mw-redirect" title="Deepavali">Deepavali</a> festival day, Lakshmi is devotionally ushered into the house through symbolic representation with a series of her footprints (<i>paduka</i>) drawn in paint or <a href="/wiki/Kolam" title="Kolam">kolam</a> and lit with oil lamps, from the main door to the private sanctum. This is done with the wish that good fortune shall be bestowed by her upon the householders.<sup id="cite_ref-wear_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wear-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Below the <a href="/wiki/Bodhi_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodhi tree">Bodhi tree</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bodh_Gaya" title="Bodh Gaya">Bodh Gaya</a> where Buddha received enlightenment, there is a vacant throne that is adorned with the foot prints on a foot rest of the Buddha. This place is deeply venerated.<sup id="cite_ref-divine_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-divine-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In South Indian Vishnu temples, <a href="/wiki/Pujari" title="Pujari">priests</a> offer the <i>satari</i>, a gold or silver plated crown that features the feet of Vishnu to bless devotees, who bow low so that it is ritually placed upon their heads.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vishnupada_temple">Vishnupada temple</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paduka&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Vishnupada temple"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paduka_footwear_of_Saints.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Paduka_footwear_of_Saints.jpg/200px-Paduka_footwear_of_Saints.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Paduka_footwear_of_Saints.jpg/300px-Paduka_footwear_of_Saints.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Paduka_footwear_of_Saints.jpg/400px-Paduka_footwear_of_Saints.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption> These simple Padukas are worn by saints and mendicants.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Vishnupada_Mandir" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishnupada Mandir">Vishnupada Temple</a> is said to enshrine the footprints of Vishnu.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This footprint denotes the act of Vishnu subduing <a href="/wiki/Gayasura" title="Gayasura">Gayasura</a> by placing his foot on his chest. Inside the temple, the 40-centimetre-long (16 in) footprint is imprinted in solid rock and surrounded by a silver-plated octagonal enclosure.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The temple is 30 metres (98 ft) in height and has 8 rows of elegantly carved pillars that support the <a href="/wiki/Pavilion" title="Pavilion">pavilion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paduka_Sahasram">Paduka Sahasram</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paduka&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Paduka Sahasram"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Paduka_Sahasra" title="Paduka Sahasra">Paduka Sahasra</a></div> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Paduka_Sahasra" title="Paduka Sahasra">Paduka Sahasram</a></i> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">1,000 verses on the footwear</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> (of <a href="/wiki/Ranganatha" title="Ranganatha">Ranganatha</a>)) is a devotional poem extolling the virtues of worshipping the <i>paduka</i> (feet) of Vishnu, enshrined in <a href="/wiki/Sri_Ranganathaswamy_Temple,_Srirangam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam">Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple</a> of <a href="/wiki/Srirangam" title="Srirangam">Srirangam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>. The poem was composed in 1,008 verses in 32 chapters by <a href="/wiki/Vedantha_Desika" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedantha Desika">Vedanta Desika</a>, a proponent of the <a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a> philosophy. According to <a href="/wiki/Sri_Vaishnavism" title="Sri Vaishnavism">Sri Vaishnava</a> tradition, the 1,000 verses of the Paduka Sahasra were composed in a single night by Vedanta Desika as a part of a literary contest. By doing so, the poet defeated Alagiya Manavala Perumal, a theologian of the <a href="/wiki/Tenkalai" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenkalai">Tenkalai</a> sect, who had only been able to compose 300 verses during the allotted period.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paduka_Poojan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Paduka_Poojan.jpg/220px-Paduka_Poojan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Paduka_Poojan.jpg/330px-Paduka_Poojan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Paduka_Poojan.jpg/440px-Paduka_Poojan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Paduka Poojan done during Satchidanand Utsav</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guru_Paduka_Stotram">Guru Paduka Stotram</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paduka&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Guru Paduka Stotram"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Adi_Shankaracharya" class="mw-redirect" title="Adi Shankaracharya">Adi Shankara</a> has also written nine devotional verses under the title "Guru Paduka Stotram" as salutations to his guru. An English translation of the first verse is:<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote> <div class="poem"> <p>Salutations and Salutations to the sandals of my Guru,<br /> Which is a boat, which helps me, cross the endless ocean of life,<br /> Which endows me, with the sense of devotion to my Guru,<br /> And by worship of which, I attain the dominion of renunciation. </p> </div> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Satchidananda_Utsav">Satchidananda Utsav</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paduka&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Satchidananda Utsav"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Satchidananda Utsav (celebration of truth, consciousness and bliss) is organised by Sadguru Shree Aniruddha Upasana Trust (Mumbai, India) and celebrated every year on the second Saturday of Margashirsha (the ninth month of the Hindu calendar). It is usually performed for two to five consecutive days. The holy <i>padukas</i> worshipped during the celebration are prepared from the paper pulp of Ram Naam books issued by <a href="/wiki/Ram_Nam" class="mw-redirect" title="Ram Nam">Aniruddha's Universal Bank of Ram Naam</a> and written by thousands of devotees across the world.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paduka&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_paduka_in_fish_shape,_South_Bengal_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00168.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Paduka at exhibit in the Bata Shoe Museum"><img alt="Paduka at exhibit in the Bata Shoe Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Indian_paduka_in_fish_shape%2C_South_Bengal_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00168.JPG/115px-Indian_paduka_in_fish_shape%2C_South_Bengal_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00168.JPG" decoding="async" width="115" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Indian_paduka_in_fish_shape%2C_South_Bengal_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00168.JPG/173px-Indian_paduka_in_fish_shape%2C_South_Bengal_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00168.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Indian_paduka_in_fish_shape%2C_South_Bengal_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00168.JPG/230px-Indian_paduka_in_fish_shape%2C_South_Bengal_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00168.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3637" data-file-height="3788" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Paduka</i> at exhibit in the <a href="/wiki/Bata_Shoe_Museum" title="Bata Shoe Museum">Bata Shoe Museum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_paduka_that_sprays_lotus_water_from_its_toe-knobs,_undated_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00171.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Exhibit in the Bata Shoe Museum"><img alt="Exhibit in the Bata Shoe Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Indian_paduka_that_sprays_lotus_water_from_its_toe-knobs%2C_undated_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00171.JPG/97px-Indian_paduka_that_sprays_lotus_water_from_its_toe-knobs%2C_undated_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00171.JPG" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Indian_paduka_that_sprays_lotus_water_from_its_toe-knobs%2C_undated_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00171.JPG/146px-Indian_paduka_that_sprays_lotus_water_from_its_toe-knobs%2C_undated_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00171.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Indian_paduka_that_sprays_lotus_water_from_its_toe-knobs%2C_undated_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00171.JPG/195px-Indian_paduka_that_sprays_lotus_water_from_its_toe-knobs%2C_undated_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00171.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3584" data-file-height="4410" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Exhibit in the Bata Shoe Museum</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_paduka,_Jaipur,_18th_century_AD_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00046.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Silver paduka, Bata Shoe Museum"><img alt="Silver paduka, Bata Shoe Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Indian_paduka%2C_Jaipur%2C_18th_century_AD_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00046.JPG/120px-Indian_paduka%2C_Jaipur%2C_18th_century_AD_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00046.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Indian_paduka%2C_Jaipur%2C_18th_century_AD_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00046.JPG/180px-Indian_paduka%2C_Jaipur%2C_18th_century_AD_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00046.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Indian_paduka%2C_Jaipur%2C_18th_century_AD_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00046.JPG/240px-Indian_paduka%2C_Jaipur%2C_18th_century_AD_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00046.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4900" data-file-height="3233" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Silver <i>paduka</i>, Bata Shoe Museum</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paduka_-_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Silver paduka, Bata Shoe Museum"><img alt="Silver paduka, Bata Shoe Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Paduka_-_India.jpg/120px-Paduka_-_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Paduka_-_India.jpg/180px-Paduka_-_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Paduka_-_India.jpg/240px-Paduka_-_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1850" data-file-height="1480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Silver <i>paduka</i>, Bata Shoe Museum</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paduka&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flip-flops" title="Flip-flops">Chappal</a>, known as "flip-flops" outside India</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandal" title="Sandal">Sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanah" title="Upanah">Upanah</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paduka&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-arch-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-arch_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arch_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arch_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arch_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output 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.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/ethno/w/wooden_shoe.aspx">"britishmuseum.org"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=britishmuseum.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fexplore%2Fhighlights%2Fhighlight_objects%2Fethno%2Fw%2Fwooden_shoe.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaduka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aas.ca-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aas.ca_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aas.ca_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091229190953/http://www.allaboutshoes.ca/en/paduka/the_paduka/index.php">"All About Shoes – The Bata Shoe Museum"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allaboutshoes.ca/en/paduka/the_paduka/index.php">the original</a> on 29 December 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=All+About+Shoes+%E2%80%93+The+Bata+Shoe+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allaboutshoes.ca%2Fen%2Fpaduka%2Fthe_paduka%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaduka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091229190953/http://www.allaboutshoes.ca/en/paduka/the_paduka/index.php">"The Paduka"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allaboutshoes.ca/en/paduka/the_paduka/index.php">the original</a> on 29 December 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Paduka&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allaboutshoes.ca%2Fen%2Fpaduka%2Fthe_paduka%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaduka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-culture-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-culture_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-culture_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-culture_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100202211733/http://www.fashionencyclopedia.com/fashion_costume_culture/The-Ancient-World-India/Paduka.html">"Paduka"</a>. Fashion Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 2 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paduka&rft.pub=Fashion+Encyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fashionencyclopedia.com%2Ffashion_costume_culture%2FThe-Ancient-World-India%2FPaduka.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaduka" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wear-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wear_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wear_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091217062725/http://www.allaboutshoes.ca/en/paduka/index.php">"Feet and Footwear in the Indian Tradition"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allaboutshoes.ca/en/paduka/index.php">the original</a> on 17 December 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Feet+and+Footwear+in+the+Indian+Tradition&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allaboutshoes.ca%2Fen%2Fpaduka%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaduka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lexicon-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lexicon_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lexicon_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonier_Monier-Williams" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Monier_Monier-Williams" title="Monier Monier-Williams">Monier Monier-Williams</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/cgi-bin/monier/serveimg.pl?file=/scans/MWScan/MWScanjpg/mw0618-pAdAntara.jpg">"Sanskrit Lexicon"</a>. p. 618<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sanskrit+Lexicon&rft.pages=618&rft.au=Monier+Monier-Williams&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de%2Fcgi-bin%2Fmonier%2Fserveimg.pl%3Ffile%3D%2Fscans%2FMWScan%2FMWScanjpg%2Fmw0618-pAdAntara.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaduka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-divine-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-divine_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-divine_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-divine_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-divine_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-divine_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100113071337/http://www.allaboutshoes.ca/en/paduka/in_footsteps_divine/">"In the Footsteps of the Divine"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allaboutshoes.ca/en/paduka/in_footsteps_divine/">the original</a> on 13 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+the+Footsteps+of+the+Divine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allaboutshoes.ca%2Fen%2Fpaduka%2Fin_footsteps_divine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaduka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kampar-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kampar_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kampar_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKampar1969" class="citation book cs1">Kampar (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qnsOAAAAYAAJ&q=Paduka"><i>Sri Paduka: the exile of the Prince of Ayodhya</i></a>. Ohio University, Center for International Studies. pp. 3, 4<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sri+Paduka%3A+the+exile+of+the+Prince+of+Ayodhya&rft.pages=3%2C+4&rft.pub=Ohio+University%2C+Center+for+International+Studies&rft.date=1969&rft.au=Kampar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqnsOAAAAYAAJ%26q%3DPaduka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaduka" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRigg1862" class="citation book cs1">Rigg, Jonathan (1862). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Dictionary_of_the_Sunda_language/P"><i>A Dictionary of the Sunda language</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batavia,_Dutch_East_Indie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batavia, Dutch East Indie (page does not exist)">Batavia</a>, Java: Lange & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+the+Sunda+language&rft.place=Batavia%2C+Java&rft.pub=Lange+%26+Co.&rft.date=1862&rft.aulast=Rigg&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FA_Dictionary_of_the_Sunda_language%2FP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaduka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jutta Jain-Neubauer, <i>Feet and Footwear in Indian Culture</i>, 2000, Bata Shoe Museum</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pada-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pada_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pada_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100112212107/http://www.allaboutshoes.ca/en/paduka/the_paduka/index_2.php">"The Paduka"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allaboutshoes.ca/en/paduka/the_paduka/index_2.php">the original</a> on 12 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Paduka&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allaboutshoes.ca%2Fen%2Fpaduka%2Fthe_paduka%2Findex_2.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaduka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ivory-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ivory_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100113070134/http://www.allaboutshoes.ca/en/paduka/the_paduka/index_3.php">"The Ivory Padukas"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allaboutshoes.ca/en/paduka/the_paduka/index_3.php">the original</a> on 13 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Ivory+Padukas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allaboutshoes.ca%2Fen%2Fpaduka%2Fthe_paduka%2Findex_3.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaduka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-teak-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-teak_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100113114415/http://www.allaboutshoes.ca/en/paduka/the_paduka/index_4.php">"The sandalwood Padukas"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allaboutshoes.ca/en/paduka/the_paduka/index_4.php">the original</a> on 13 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+sandalwood+Padukas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allaboutshoes.ca%2Fen%2Fpaduka%2Fthe_paduka%2Findex_4.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaduka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-metals-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-metals_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100113142829/http://www.allaboutshoes.ca/en/paduka/the_paduka/index_5.php">"Metal Padukas"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allaboutshoes.ca/en/paduka/the_paduka/index_5.php">the original</a> on 13 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Metal+Padukas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allaboutshoes.ca%2Fen%2Fpaduka%2Fthe_paduka%2Findex_5.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaduka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKimPyun2023" class="citation book cs1">Kim, Bokyung; Pyun, Kyunghee (10 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w464EAAAQBAJ&q=satari+crown+temple&pg=PA155"><i>Teaching South and Southeast Asian Art: Multiethnicity, Cross-Racial Interaction, and Nationalism</i></a>. Springer Nature. p. 155. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-031-22516-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-031-22516-1"><bdi>978-3-031-22516-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Teaching+South+and+Southeast+Asian+Art%3A+Multiethnicity%2C+Cross-Racial+Interaction%2C+and+Nationalism&rft.pages=155&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2023-04-10&rft.isbn=978-3-031-22516-1&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Bokyung&rft.au=Pyun%2C+Kyunghee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw464EAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dsatari%2Bcrown%2Btemple%26pg%3DPA155&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaduka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indnav.com/servlet/Browse?mt=goToName&name=Vishnupad+Temple">"Vishnupad Temple"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vishnupad+Temple&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indnav.com%2Fservlet%2FBrowse%3Fmt%3DgoToName%26name%3DVishnupad%2BTemple&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaduka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090924065657/http://discoverbihar.bih.nic.in/pages/gaya1_place.htm">"Discover Bihar"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://discoverbihar.bih.nic.in/pages/gaya1_place.htm">the original</a> on 24 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Discover+Bihar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdiscoverbihar.bih.nic.in%2Fpages%2Fgaya1_place.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaduka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indovacations.net/english/Aboutgaya.htm">"About Gaya"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Gaya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indovacations.net%2Fenglish%2FAboutgaya.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaduka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSrinivasachariar1989" class="citation book cs1">Srinivasachariar, M. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4dVRvVyHaiQC&pg=PA208"><i>History of Classical Sanskrit Literature: Being an Elaborate Account of All Branches of Classical Sanskrit Literature, with Full Epigraphical and Archaeological Notes and References, an Introduction Dealing with Language, Philology, and Chronology, and Index of Authors & Works</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. p. 208. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0284-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0284-1"><bdi>978-81-208-0284-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Classical+Sanskrit+Literature%3A+Being+an+Elaborate+Account+of+All+Branches+of+Classical+Sanskrit+Literature%2C+with+Full+Epigraphical+and+Archaeological+Notes+and+References%2C+an+Introduction+Dealing+with+Language%2C+Philology%2C+and+Chronology%2C+and+Index+of+Authors+%26+Works&rft.pages=208&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass+Publishers&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-81-208-0284-1&rft.aulast=Srinivasachariar&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4dVRvVyHaiQC%26pg%3DPA208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaduka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaghavan1991" class="citation book cs1">Raghavan, Appaswamy Srinivasa (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xM8XAAAAIAAJ&q=paduka+sahasra+pada+kamala+sahasra"><i>The Life and Works of Sri Nigamanta Maha Desikan</i></a>. K.R. Ramaseshan. p. 44.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Works+of+Sri+Nigamanta+Maha+Desikan&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=K.R.+Ramaseshan&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Raghavan&rft.aufirst=Appaswamy+Srinivasa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxM8XAAAAIAAJ%26q%3Dpaduka%2Bsahasra%2Bpada%2Bkamala%2Bsahasra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaduka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindupedia.com/en/Guru_Paduka_stotram">"Guru Paduka stotram"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guru+Paduka+stotram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindupedia.com%2Fen%2FGuru_Paduka_stotram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaduka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/shree-satchidanand-utsav-given-sadguru-aniruddha-bapu-mihir-nagarkar">https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/shree-satchidanand-utsav-given-sadguru-aniruddha-bapu-mihir-nagarkar</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2022">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aniruddhafoundation.com/sacchidanand-utsav/">"Shree Sacchinandotsav"</a>. 24 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shree+Sacchinandotsav&rft.date=2015-11-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faniruddhafoundation.com%2Fsacchidanand-utsav%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaduka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldhistory.org/The_Ramayana/">worldhistory.org</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rama/index.htm">"The Ramayana index"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Ramayana+index&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sacred-texts.com%2Fhin%2Frama%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaduka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paduka&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allaboutshoes.ca/en/paduka/the_paduka/index.php">All about shoes: Padukas</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091229190953/http://www.allaboutshoes.ca/en/paduka/the_paduka/index.php">Archived</a> 29 December 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Footwear" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Footwear" title="Template:Footwear"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Footwear" title="Template talk:Footwear"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Footwear" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Footwear"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Footwear" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Footwear" title="Footwear">Footwear</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abandoned_footwear" title="Abandoned footwear">Abandoned footwear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe" title="Shoe">Shoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoemaking" title="Shoemaking">Shoemaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe_size" title="Shoe size">Shoe size</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dress_shoe" title="Dress shoe">Dress shoes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blucher_shoe" title="Blucher shoe">Blucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brogue_shoe" title="Brogue shoe">Brogues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothel_creeper" title="Brothel creeper">Brothel creepers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derby_shoe" title="Derby shoe">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monk_shoe" title="Monk shoe">Monks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_shoe" title="Oxford shoe">Oxfords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectator_shoe" title="Spectator shoe">Spectator shoes (Co-respondent shoes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winklepicker" title="Winklepicker">Winklepickers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wholecut" title="Wholecut">Wholecuts</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Slip-on_shoe" title="Slip-on shoe">Slip-on shoes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Court_shoe" title="Court shoe">Court shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slipper#Types" title="Slipper">Prince Albert slippers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip-on_shoe#Types_of_loafer" title="Slip-on shoe">Loafers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian-style_shoe" title="Venetian-style shoe">Venetian-style shoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Women's</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballet_flat" title="Ballet flat">Ballet flats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-heeled_shoe" title="High-heeled shoe">High-heeled footwear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Jane_(shoe)" title="Mary Jane (shoe)">Mary Janes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojari" class="mw-redirect" title="Mojari">Mojari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mule_(shoe)" title="Mule (shoe)">Mules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peep-toe_shoe" title="Peep-toe shoe">Peep-toe shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddle_shoe" title="Saddle shoe">Saddle shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slingback" title="Slingback">Slingbacks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other shoes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moccasin#Driving_moccasins" title="Moccasin">Driving moccasins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flip-flops" title="Flip-flops">Flip-flops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galoshes" title="Galoshes">Galoshes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_shoe" title="Platform shoe">Platform shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandal" title="Sandal">Sandals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-tying_shoes" title="Self-tying shoes">Self-tying shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slide_(footwear)" title="Slide (footwear)">Slides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slipper" title="Slipper">Slippers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Uwabaki" title="Uwabaki">Uwabaki</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger-head_shoes" title="Tiger-head shoes">Tiger-head shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veldskoen" title="Veldskoen">Veldskoens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C5%8Dri" class="mw-redirect" title="Zōri">Zōri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Clog" title="Clog">Wooden footwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakya" title="Bakya">Bakya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clog_(British)" title="Clog (British)">British clogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_albarcas" title="Cantabrian albarcas">Cantabrian albarcas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clog" title="Clog">Clogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geta_(footwear)" title="Geta (footwear)">Geta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klomp" title="Klomp">Klompen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namaksin" title="Namaksin">Namaksin</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Okobo" title="Okobo">Okobo</a></i></span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Padukas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patten_(shoe)" title="Patten (shoe)">Pattens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabot_(shoe)" title="Sabot (shoe)">Sabot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A4skor" title="Träskor">Träskor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Boots</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ammunition_boot" title="Ammunition boot">Ammunition boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunny_boots" title="Bunny boots">Bunny boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_boot" title="Combat boot">Combat boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackboot" title="Jackboot">Jackboots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jump_boot" title="Jump boot">Jump boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_boot" title="Jungle boot">Jungle boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanker_boot" title="Tanker boot">Tanker boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trench_boot" title="Trench boot">Trench boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Lyman_Munson#Munson_last" title="Edward Lyman Munson">Munson Last</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Work</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_work_boot" title="Australian work boot">Australian work boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_boot" title="Cowboy boot">Cowboy boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineer_boot" title="Engineer boot">Engineer boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_boot" title="Hip boot">Hip boots</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Jika-tabi" title="Jika-tabi">Jika-tabi</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigger_boot" title="Rigger boot">Rigger boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel-toe_boot" title="Steel-toe boot">Steel-toe boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waders_(footwear)" title="Waders (footwear)">Waders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fashion_boot" title="Fashion boot">Fashion boots</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chelsea_boot" title="Chelsea boot">Chelsea boots</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beatle_boot" title="Beatle boot">Beatle boots</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chukka_boot" title="Chukka boot">Chukka boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-go_boot" title="Go-go boot">Go-go boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knee-high_boot" title="Knee-high boot">Knee-high boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Over-the-knee_boot" title="Over-the-knee boot">Over-the-knee boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_shoe" title="Platform shoe">Platform boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thigh-high_boots" title="Thigh-high boots">Thigh-high boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugg_boots" title="Ugg boots">Ugg boots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jodhpur_boot" title="Jodhpur boot">Jodhpur boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington_boot" title="Wellington boot">Wellington boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballet_boot" title="Ballet boot">Ballet boots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sport-related footwear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sneaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Sneaker">Athletic shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballet_shoe" title="Ballet shoe">Ballet shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boat_shoe" title="Boat shoe">Boat shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_shoe" title="Climbing shoe">Climbing shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_country_running_shoe" title="Cross country running shoe">Cross country running shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_shoe" title="Cycling shoe">Cycling shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_boot" title="Football boot">Football boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghillies_(dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghillies (dance)">Ghillies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiking_boot" title="Hiking boot">Hiking boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_skate" title="Ice skate">Ice skates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inline_skates" title="Inline skates">Inline skates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kung_fu_shoe" title="Kung fu shoe">Kung fu shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_shoe" title="Minimalist shoe">Minimalist shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_boot" title="Motorcycle boot">Motorcycle boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountaineering_boot" title="Mountaineering boot">Mountaineering boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plimsoll_(shoe)" title="Plimsoll (shoe)">Plimsolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racing_flat" title="Racing flat">Racing flats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racing_shoes" title="Racing shoes">Racing shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riding_boot" title="Riding boot">Riding boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_shoe" title="Roller shoe">Roller shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_skates" title="Roller skates">Roller skates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabaton" title="Sabaton">Sabatons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_boot" title="Safari boot">Safari boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skate_shoe" title="Skate shoe">Skate shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ski_boot" title="Ski boot">Ski boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sneaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Sneaker">Sneakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swimfin" title="Swimfin">Swimfins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_shoe" title="Water shoe">Water shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_shoe" title="Wrestling shoe">Wrestling shoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Folk_costume" title="Folk costume">Folk footwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abaca_slippers" title="Abaca slippers">Abacas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abarka" title="Abarka">Abarkas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espadrille" title="Espadrille">Alpargatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avarca" title="Avarca">Avarcas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balgha" title="Balgha">Balghas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bast_shoe" title="Bast shoe">Bast shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciocie" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciocie">Ciocie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clog" title="Clog">Clogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espadrille" title="Espadrille">Espadrilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furlane_(shoe)" title="Furlane (shoe)">Furlane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galesh" title="Galesh">Galesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geta_(footwear)" title="Geta (footwear)">Geta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giveh" title="Giveh">Giveh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haferlschuh" title="Haferlschuh">Haferlschuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hnyat-phanat" title="Hnyat-phanat">Hnyat-phanats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huarache_(shoe)" title="Huarache (shoe)">Huarache</a></li> <li><span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Hwa" title="Hwa">Hwa</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Jipsin" title="Jipsin">Jipsin</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorabs" title="Jorabs">Jorabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamik" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamik">Kamiks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolhapuri_chappal" title="Kolhapuri chappal">Kolhapuri chappals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moccasin" title="Moccasin">Moccasins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojari" class="mw-redirect" title="Mojari">Mojaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukluk" title="Mukluk">Mukluks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_clogs" title="Turkish clogs">Nalins</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Okobo" title="Okobo">Okobo</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opanak" title="Opanak">Opanci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peshawari_chappal" title="Peshawari chappal">Peshawari chappals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowshoe" title="Snowshoe">Snowshoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsarouchi" title="Tsarouchi">Tsarouchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_clogs" title="Turkish clogs">Takunya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanah" title="Upanah">Upanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valenki" title="Valenki">Valenkis</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Waraji" title="Waraji">Waraji</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C5%8Dri" class="mw-redirect" title="Zōri">Zōri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical footwear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Areni-1_shoe" title="Areni-1 shoe">Areni-1 shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buskin" title="Buskin">Buskins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcei" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcei">Calcei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caligae" title="Caligae">Caligae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbatina" title="Carbatina">Carbatina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalier_boot" title="Cavalier boot">Cavalier boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanfu_footwear" title="Hanfu footwear">Chinese styles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopine" title="Chopine">Chopines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duckbill_shoe" title="Duckbill shoe">Duckbill shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowerpot_shoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Flowerpot shoe">Flowerpot shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hessian_(boot)" title="Hessian (boot)">Hessians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_shoe" title="Lotus shoe">Lotus shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampootie" title="Pampootie">Pampooties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigache" title="Pigache">Pigaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poulaine" title="Poulaine">Poulaines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socci" class="mw-redirect" title="Socci">Socci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnshoe" title="Turnshoe">Turnshoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shoe construction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bespoke_shoes" title="Bespoke shoes">Bespoke shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blake_construction" title="Blake construction">Blake construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodyear_welt" title="Goodyear welt">Goodyear welt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe_buckle" title="Shoe buckle">Shoe buckle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoelaces" title="Shoelaces">Shoelaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toe_box" title="Toe box">Toe box</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/High-heeled_shoe" title="High-heeled shoe">High heels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clear_heels" title="Clear heels">Clear heels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitten_heel" title="Kitten heel">Kitten heels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spool_heel" title="Spool heel">Spool heels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stiletto_heel" title="Stiletto heel">Stiletto heels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedge_(footwear)" title="Wedge (footwear)">Wedges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hosiery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anklet_(sock)" title="Anklet (sock)">Anklets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_sock" title="Bobby sock">Bobby socks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dress_sock" title="Dress sock">Dress socks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footwrap" title="Footwrap">Footwraps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knee_highs" title="Knee highs">Knee highs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantyhose" title="Pantyhose">Pantyhose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sock" title="Sock">Sock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stocking" title="Stocking">Stocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tights" title="Tights">Tights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toe_sock" class="mw-redirect" title="Toe sock">Toe socks</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Tabi" title="Tabi">Tabi</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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