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vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Sākums</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Literārā_un_mūsdienu_standarta_arābu_valoda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literārā_un_mūsdienu_standarta_arābu_valoda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Literārā un mūsdienu standarta arābu valoda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literārā_un_mūsdienu_standarta_arābu_valoda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arābu_valodas_ietekme_uz_citām_valodām" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arābu_valodas_ietekme_uz_citām_valodām"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Arābu valodas ietekme uz citām valodām</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arābu_valodas_ietekme_uz_citām_valodām-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arābu_valoda_un_islāms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arābu_valoda_un_islāms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Arābu valoda un islāms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arābu_valoda_un_islāms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vēsture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vēsture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vēsture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vēsture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dialekti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialekti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Dialekti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialekti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fonētika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonētika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Fonētika</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fonētika-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Pārslēgt Fonētika apakšsadaļu</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fonētika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Patskaņi_un_divskaņi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patskaņi_un_divskaņi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Patskaņi un divskaņi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Patskaņi_un_divskaņi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Līdzskaņi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Līdzskaņi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Līdzskaņi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Līdzskaņi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zilbes_struktūra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zilbes_struktūra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Zilbes struktūra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zilbes_struktūra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uzsvars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uzsvars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Uzsvars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uzsvars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dialektu_variācijas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialektu_variācijas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Dialektu variācijas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialektu_variācijas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rakstība" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rakstība"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Rakstība</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rakstība-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Pārslēgt Rakstība apakšsadaļu</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rakstība-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kaligrāfija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaligrāfija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Kaligrāfija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaligrāfija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transliterācija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transliterācija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Transliterācija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transliterācija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skatīt_arī" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skatīt_arī"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Skatīt arī</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skatīt_arī-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atsauces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atsauces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Atsauces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atsauces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ārējās_saites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ārējās_saites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Ārējās saites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ārējās_saites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Saturs" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Satura rādītājs" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pārslēgt satura rādītāju" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pārslēgt satura rādītāju</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Arābu valoda</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pāriet uz rakstu citā valodā. Pieejams 250 valodās" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-250" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">250 valodas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Араб бызшәа – abhāzu" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Араб бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abhāzu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Arab" title="Basa Arab – ačinu" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Basa Arab" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="ačinu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Арапыбзэ – adigu" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Арапыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adigu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabies" title="Arabies – afrikandu" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Arabies" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikandu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabische_Sprache" title="Arabische Sprache – Šveices vācu" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Arabische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Šveices vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%93%E1%88%A8%E1%89%A5%E1%8A%9B" title="ዓረብኛ – amharu" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዓረብኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_arabe" title="Idioma arabe – aragoniešu" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma arabe" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabisc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Arabisc sprǣc – senangļu" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Arabisc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="senangļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80" title="अरबी – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="अरबी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vērtīgs raksts"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة العربية – arābu" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة العربية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arābu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%A5%DC%AA%DC%92%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܥܪܒܝܐ – aramiešu" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܥܪܒܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لعربية – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لعربية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%89" title="لغه عربى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغه عربى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="আৰবী ভাষা – asamiešu" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="আৰবী ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rabe" title="Árabe – astūriešu" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Árabe" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astūriešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80" title="ГӀараб мацӀ – avāru" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ГӀараб мацӀ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अरबी भाषा – avadhu" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="अरबी भाषा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="avadhu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fr%C9%99b_dili" title="Ərəb dili – azerbaidžāņu" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ərəb dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidžāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="عرب دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="عرب دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="labs raksts"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%92%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Ғәрәп теле – baškīru" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ғәрәп теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškīru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Arab" title="Basa Arab – baliešu" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Arab" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="baliešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabische_Sproch" title="Arabische Sproch – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Arabische Sproch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabu_kalba" title="Arabu kalba – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Arabu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tataramon_na_Arabe" title="Tataramon na Arabe – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tataramon na Arabe" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Арабская мова – baltkrievu" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Арабская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="baltkrievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Арабская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Арабская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Arab" title="Basa Arab – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Basa Arab" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Арабски език – bulgāru" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Арабски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अरबी भाषा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="अरबी भाषा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Arab" title="Basa Arab – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Basa Arab" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="আরবি ভাষা – bengāļu" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আরবি ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨ་རབ་སྐད། – tibetiešu" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨ་རབ་སྐད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabeg" title="Arabeg – bretoņu" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Arabeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arapski_jezik" title="Arapski jezik – bosniešu" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Arapski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saro_Arab" title="Saro Arab – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Saro Arab" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Араб хэлэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Араб хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80rab" title="Àrab – katalāņu" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Àrab" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%80-l%C3%A1-b%C3%A1ik-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Ā-lá-báik-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ā-lá-báik-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Ӏаьрбийн мотт – čečenu" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ӏаьрбийн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="čečenu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inarabigo" title="Inarabigo – sebuāņu" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Inarabigo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="sebuāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8E%B8%E1%8E%A0%E1%8E%B3%E1%8F%88%E1%8F%AF_%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%AC%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%AF%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97" title="ᎠᎸᎠᎳᏈᏯ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ – čiroku" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᎸᎠᎳᏈᏯ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="čiroku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/He%C3%A9v%C8%A7hevetan%C3%A9v%C8%AFhk%C4%97ha%27etanetse" title="Heévȧhevetanévȯhkėha'etanetse – šejenu" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Heévȧhevetanévȯhkėha'etanetse" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="šejenu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B9%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="زمانی عەرەبی – centrālkurdu" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی عەرەبی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centrālkurdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_%C3%A0raba" title="Lingua àraba – korsikāņu" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lingua àraba" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arap_tili" title="Arap tili – Krimas tatāru" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Arap tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Krimas tatāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab%C5%A1tina" title="Arabština – čehu" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Arabština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čehu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Аравьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ – baznīcslāvu" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Аравьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="baznīcslāvu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Арап чĕлхи – čuvašu" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Арап чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvašu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabeg" title="Arabeg – velsiešu" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Arabeg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velsiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabisk_(sprog)" title="Arabisk (sprog) – dāņu" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Arabisk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabische_Sprache" title="Arabische Sprache – vācu" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Arabische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erebki" title="Erebki – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Erebki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabska_r%C4%9Bc" title="Arabska rěc – lejassorbu" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Arabska rěc" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="lejassorbu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%A2%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%84%DE%A8" title="ޢަރަބި – maldīviešu" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޢަރަބި" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="maldīviešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Αραβική γλώσσα – grieķu" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αραβική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grieķu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areb" title="Areb – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Areb" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic – angļu" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Arabic" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araba_lingvo" title="Araba lingvo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Araba lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_%C3%A1rabe" title="Idioma árabe – spāņu" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma árabe" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araabia_keel" title="Araabia keel – igauņu" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Araabia keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="igauņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabiera" title="Arabiera – basku" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Arabiera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabi" title="Arabi – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Arabi" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="زبان عربی – persiešu" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان عربی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_kieli" title="Arabian kieli – somu" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Arabian kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="somu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araabia_kiil" title="Araabia kiil – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Araabia kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabiskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Arabiskt mál – fēru" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Arabiskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="fēru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabe" title="Arabe – franču" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Arabe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franču" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabo" title="Arabo – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Arabo" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araabisk_spriak" title="Araabisk spriak – ziemeļfrīzu" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Araabisk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ziemeļfrīzu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabysk" title="Arabysk – rietumfrīzu" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Arabysk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="rietumfrīzu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Araibis" title="An Araibis – īru" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Araibis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="īru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_dili" title="Arab dili – gagauzu" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Arab dili" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagauzu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="阿拉伯語 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="阿拉伯語" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab" title="Arab – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Arab" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabais" title="Arabais – skotu gēlu" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Arabais" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotu gēlu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_%C3%A1rabe" title="Lingua árabe – galisiešu" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua árabe" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arave%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Araveñe'ẽ – gvaranu" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Araveñe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="gvaranu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab – gorontalu" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Bahasa Arab" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0_%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B6%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 – gotu" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%80_%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%BE" title="અરબી ભાષા – gudžaratu" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="અરબી ભાષા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžaratu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alijunaiki_Tutko" title="Alijunaiki Tutko – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Alijunaiki Tutko" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabish" title="Arabish – meniešu" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Arabish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="meniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larabci" title="Larabci – hausu" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Larabci" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82-l%C3%A2-pak-ng%C3%AE" title="Â-lâ-pak-ngî – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Â-lâ-pak-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C5%8Clelo_%CA%BBAlapia" title="ʻŌlelo ʻAlapia – havajiešu" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻŌlelo ʻAlapia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="havajiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA" title="ערבית – ivrits" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ערבית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अरबी भाषा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अरबी भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbii_bhasa" title="Arbii bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Arbii bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arapski_jezik" title="Arapski jezik – horvātu" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Arapski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Arabšćina – augšsorbu" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Arabšćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="augšsorbu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab" title="Arab – haitiešu" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Arab" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_nyelv" title="Arab nyelv – ungāru" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Arab nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Արաբերեն – armēņu" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արաբերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%B6" title="Արաբերէն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Արաբերէն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_arabe" title="Lingua arabe – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua arabe" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Arab" title="Jaku Arab – ibanu" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Arab" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ibanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab – indonēziešu" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Arab" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonēziešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Arabic" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arapiatun_uqautchiq" title="Arapiatun uqautchiq – inupiaku" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Arapiatun uqautchiq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupiaku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_nga_Arabiko" title="Pagsasao nga Arabiko – iloku" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao nga Arabiko" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Ӏарбий мотт – ingušu" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Ӏарбий мотт" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingušu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabiana_linguo" title="Arabiana linguo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Arabiana linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab%C3%ADska" title="Arabíska – islandiešu" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Arabíska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_araba" title="Lingua araba – itāļu" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua araba" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%8A%E1%95%8B%E1%95%95" title="ᐊᕋᕕ – inuītu" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐊᕋᕕ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuītu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%83%93%E3%82%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="アラビア語 – japāņu" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アラビア語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabik_languij" title="Arabik languij – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Arabik languij" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/rabybau" title="rabybau – ložbans" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="rabybau" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ložbans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Arab" title="Basa Arab – javiešu" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Arab" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="არაბული ენა – gruzīnu" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="არაბული ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzīnu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_tili" title="Arab tili – karakalpaku" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Arab tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpaku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_ta%C9%9Brabt" title="Tutlayt taɛrabt – kabilu" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tutlayt taɛrabt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabilu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8C%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BF%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Хьэрыпыбзэ – kabardiešu" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Хьэрыпыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab%C9%A9%C9%A9_k%CA%8An%CA%8A%C5%8B" title="Arabɩɩ kʊnʊŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Arabɩɩ kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%CC%B1ra%CC%B1ba_(a%CC%B1lyem)" title="La̱ra̱ba (a̱lyem) – katabu" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="La̱ra̱ba (a̱lyem)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="katabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilabu" title="Kilabu – kongu" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kilabu" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kongu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Arab" title="Basa Arab – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Basa Arab" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Араб тілі – kazahu" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Араб тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B" title="ភាសាអារ៉ាប់ – khmeru" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាអារ៉ាប់" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmeru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%80_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ಅರಬ್ಬೀ ಭಾಷೆ – kannadu" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅರಬ್ಬೀ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannadu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Arabic" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yerwa Kanuri</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%9E%8D%EC%96%B4" title="아랍어 – korejiešu" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아랍어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Араб кыв – komiešu-permiešu" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Араб кыв" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komiešu-permiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Араб тил – karačaju un balkāru" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Араб тил" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karačaju un balkāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%8E%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%8E%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="عَربی زَبان – kašmiriešu" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="عَربی زَبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kašmiriešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabische_Sprooch" title="Arabische Sprooch – Ķelnes vācu" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Arabische Sprooch" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Ķelnes vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_ereb%C3%AE" title="Zimanê erebî – kurdu" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê erebî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Араб кыв – komiešu" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Араб кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabek" title="Arabek – korniešu" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Arabek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Arabica" title="Lingua Arabica – latīņu" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Arabica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latīņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_ar%C3%A1biga" title="Lingua arábiga – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Lingua arábiga" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabesch" title="Arabesch – luksemburgiešu" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Arabesch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburgiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Аьраб маз – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Аьраб маз" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Араб чӀал – lezgīnu" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Араб чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezgīnu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabi_(lingua)" title="Arabi (lingua) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Arabi (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabisch" title="Arabisch – limburgiešu" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Arabisch" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_%C3%A0raba" title="Lengua àraba – ligūriešu" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua àraba" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligūriešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingaz_arab" title="Lingaz arab – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingaz arab" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_araba" title="Lengua araba – lombardiešu" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua araba" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liarabi" title="Liarabi – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Liarabi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%9A" title="ພາສາອາຣັບ – laosiešu" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາອາຣັບ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab%C5%B3_kalba" title="Arabų kalba – lietuviešu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Arabų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lietuviešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bh%C3%A2sa_Arab" title="Bhâsa Arab – maduriešu" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Bhâsa Arab" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="maduriešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अरबी भाषा – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="अरबी भाषा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Arab" title="Basa Arab – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Basa Arab" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Арабонь кяль – mokšu" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Арабонь кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokšu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_arabo" title="Fiteny arabo – malagasu" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny arabo" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_%C4%80rapi" title="Reo Ārapi – maoru" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Ārapi" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maoru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaso_Arab" title="Bahaso Arab – minangkabavu" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bahaso Arab" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabavu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Арапски јазик – maķedoniešu" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Арапски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="maķedoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="അറബി ഭാഷ – malajalu" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അറബി ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Араб хэл – mongoļu" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Араб хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9B_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯑꯔꯥꯕꯤꯛ ꯂꯣꯟ – manipūru" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯔꯥꯕꯤꯛ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipūru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अरबी भाषा – marathu" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अरबी भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vērtīgs raksts"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab – malajiešu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Arab" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingwa_G%C4%A7arbija" title="Lingwa Għarbija – maltiešu" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Lingwa Għarbija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="အာရပ်ဘာသာစကား – birmiešu" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အာရပ်ဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Арабонь кель – erzju" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Арабонь кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="عربی – mazanderāņu" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="عربی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araabsche_Spraak" title="Araabsche Spraak – lejasvācu" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Araabsche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lejasvācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabies" title="Arabies – lejassakšu" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Arabies" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="lejassakšu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अरबी भाषा – nepāliešu" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अरबी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepāliešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अरबी भाषा – nevaru" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अरबी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabisch" title="Arabisch – holandiešu" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Arabisch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabisk" title="Arabisk – jaunnorvēģu" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Arabisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="jaunnorvēģu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabisk" title="Arabisk – norvēģu bukmols" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Arabisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvēģu bukmols" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabum" title="Arabum – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Arabum" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabe" title="Arabe – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Arabe" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Searabia" title="Searabia – ziemeļsotu" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Searabia" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="ziemeļsotu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81s%C3%A1%C3%AD_Bizaad" title="Ásáí Bizaad – navahu" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Ásáí Bizaad" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navahu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiarabu" title="Chiarabu – čičeva" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Chiarabu" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="čičeva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabi" title="Arabi – oksitāņu" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Arabi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aruabien_kieli" title="Aruabien kieli – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Aruabien kieli" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afaan_Arabaa" title="Afaan Arabaa – oromu" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Afaan Arabaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Араббаг æвзаг – osetīnu" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Араббаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetīnu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਅਰਬੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – pandžabu" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਰਬੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rabe" title="Árabe – papjamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Árabe" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papjamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabe" title="Arabe – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Arabe" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erabek" title="Erabek – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Erabek" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_arabski" title="Język arabski – poļu" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język arabski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_ar%C3%A0bica" title="Lenga aràbica – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga aràbica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="عربی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="عربی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="عربي ژبه – puštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="عربي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="puštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_%C3%A1rabe" title="Língua árabe – portugāļu" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua árabe" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arapi_simi" title="Arapi simi – kečvu" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Arapi simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečvu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_arab%C4%83" title="Limba arabă – rumāņu" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba arabă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Арабский язык – krievu" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Арабский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="krievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Арабскый язык – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Арабскый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icyarabu" title="Icyarabu – kiņaruanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Icyarabu" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kiņaruanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अरबीभाषा – sanskrits" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="अरबीभाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Арааб тыла – jakutu" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Арааб тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – santalu" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_%C3%A0raba" title="Limba àraba – sardīniešu" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba àraba" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardīniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_%C3%A0rabba" title="Lingua àrabba – sicīliešu" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua àrabba" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicīliešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic – skotu" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Arabic" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="عربي ٻولي – sindhu" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="عربي ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C3%A1bagiella" title="Arábagiella – ziemeļsāmu" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Arábagiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="ziemeļsāmu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arapski_jezik" title="Arapski jezik – serbu–horvātu" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Arapski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbu–horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_Ta%C9%9B%E1%B9%9Babt" title="Tutlayt Taɛṛabt – šilhu" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tutlayt Taɛṛabt" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="šilhu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%BD%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%9E%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%A2%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89" title="ၽႃႇသႃႇဢႃႇရပ်ႉ – šanu" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၽႃႇသႃႇဢႃႇရပ်ႉ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="šanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="අරාබි භාෂාව – singāļu" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අරාබි භාෂාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language" title="Arabic language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Arabic language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab%C4%8Dina" title="Arabčina – slovāku" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Arabčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovāku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="عربی زبان – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="عربی زبان" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Arabščina – slovēņu" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Arabščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabiakiel%C3%A2" title="Arabiakielâ – Inari sāmu" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Arabiakielâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari sāmu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiarabhu" title="Chiarabhu – šonu" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chiarabhu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="šonu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carabi" title="Carabi – somāļu" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Carabi" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_arabe" title="Gjuha arabe – albāņu" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha arabe" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Арапски језик – serbu" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Арапски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Arab" title="Basa Arab – zundu" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Arab" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="zundu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabiska" title="Arabiska – zviedru" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Arabiska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="zviedru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiarabu" title="Kiarabu – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiarabu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabsk%C5%8F_godka" title="Arabskŏ godka – silēziešu" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Arabskŏ godka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silēziešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/u_kamu_nu_Alapo" title="u kamu nu Alapo – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="u kamu nu Alapo" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="அரபு மொழி – tamilu" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அரபு மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%86" title="ಅರಬ್ಬಿ ಬಾಸೆ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಅರಬ್ಬಿ ಬಾಸೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7" title="అరబ్బీ భాష – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అరబ్బీ భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D3%A3" title="Забони арабӣ – tadžiku" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони арабӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžiku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A" title="ภาษาอาหรับ – taju" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาอาหรับ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arap_dili" title="Arap dili – turkmēņu" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Arap dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Arabe" title="Wikang Arabe – tagalu" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Arabe" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fr%C9%99bi_zyvon" title="Ərəbi zyvon – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Ərəbi zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arap%C3%A7a" title="Arapça – turku" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Arapça" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Гарәп теле – tatāru" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гарәп теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Араб дыл – tuviešu" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Араб дыл" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuviešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Араб кыл – udmurtu" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Араб кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%A8_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="ئەرەب تىلى – uiguru" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئەرەب تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Арабська мова – ukraiņu" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Арабська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="عربی زبان – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عربی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_tili" title="Arab tili – uzbeku" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Arab tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_araba" title="Łéngua araba – venēciešu" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua araba" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venēciešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araban_kel%27" title="Araban kel' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Araban kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_%E1%BA%A2_R%E1%BA%ADp" title="Tiếng Ả Rập – vjetnamiešu" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Ả Rập" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnamiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aroabiesche_toale" title="Aroabiesche toale – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Aroabiesche toale" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larab" title="Larab – volapiks" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Larab" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapiks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabe_(lingaedje)" title="Arabe (lingaedje) – valoņu" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Arabe (lingaedje)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valoņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inarabo" title="Inarabo – varaju" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Inarabo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="阿拉伯语 – vu ķīniešu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿拉伯语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu ķīniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD" title="Арабмудин келн – kalmiku" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Арабмудин келн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmiku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="არაბული ნინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="არაბული ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A9" title="אראביש – jidišs" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אראביש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidišs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_L%C3%A1r%C3%BAb%C3%A1w%C3%A1" title="Èdè Lárúbáwá – jorubu" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Lárúbáwá" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahahlahboh" title="Vahahlahboh – džuanu" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vahahlahboh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="džuanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araobisch" title="Araobisch – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Araobisch" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%84%E2%B5%95%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ – standarta tamazigtu (Maroka)" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="standarta tamazigtu (Maroka)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="阿拉伯语 – ķīniešu" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿拉伯语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ķīniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="阿拉伯語 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="阿拉伯語" 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background:#f4f4f4; text-align:left; font-size:88%;" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-size:120%; color: black; background-color: yellow;">Arābu valoda <br /><span lang="ar">العربية</span> <i>al ‘arabiyyah</i>  </th></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle; padding-left: 0.5em;"><i><b>al ‘arabiyyah</b></i> arābu <a href="/wiki/Neshs" title="Neshs">nesha</a> rakstā: </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Arabic_albayancalligraphy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Arabic_albayancalligraphy.svg/200px-Arabic_albayancalligraphy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Arabic_albayancalligraphy.svg/300px-Arabic_albayancalligraphy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Arabic_albayancalligraphy.svg/400px-Arabic_albayancalligraphy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="343" data-file-height="151" /></a></span>  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;">Izruna: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Starptautiskais_fon%C4%93tiskais_alfab%C4%93ts" title="Starptautiskais fonētiskais alfabēts">IPA</a>: <span title="Izruna pēc IPA" class="IPA"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.25em; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Arial Unicode MS', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/alˌʕa.raˈbij.ja/</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;">Valodu lieto: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Al%C5%BE%C4%ABrija" title="Alžīrija">Alžīrija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apvienotie_Ar%C4%81bu_Emir%C4%81ti" title="Apvienotie Arābu Emirāti">Apvienotie Arābu Emirāti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahreina" title="Bahreina">Bahreina</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%92%C4%A3ipte" title="Ēģipte">Ēģipte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ir%C4%81ka" title="Irāka">Irāka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Izra%C4%93la" title="Izraēla">Izraēla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jemena" title="Jemena">Jemena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jord%C4%81nija" title="Jordānija">Jordānija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katara" title="Katara">Katara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuveita" title="Kuveita">Kuveita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lib%C4%81na" title="Libāna">Libāna</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%C4%ABbija" title="Lībija">Lībija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurit%C4%81nija" title="Mauritānija">Mauritānija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maroka" title="Maroka">Maroka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Om%C4%81na" title="Omāna">Omāna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palest%C4%ABnie%C5%A1u_pa%C5%A1p%C4%81rvalde" title="Palestīniešu pašpārvalde">Palestīna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rietumsah%C4%81ra" title="Rietumsahāra">Rietumsahāra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sa%C5%ABda_Ar%C4%81bija" title="Saūda Arābija">Saūda Arābija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sud%C4%81na" title="Sudāna">Sudāna</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C4%ABrija" title="Sīrija">Sīrija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisija" title="Tunisija">Tunisija</a> (vairākums); <a href="/wiki/Turcija" title="Turcija">Turcija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ir%C4%81na" title="Irāna">Irāna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francija" title="Francija">Francija</a> (vietējā <a href="/wiki/Ar%C4%81bi" title="Arābi">arābu</a> minoritāte); <a href="/wiki/Isl%C4%81ms" title="Islāms">islāma</a> <a href="/wiki/Litur%C4%A3isk%C4%81_valoda" title="Liturģiskā valoda">liturģiskā valoda</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;">Pratēju skaits: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;">Dzimtā valoda: 186 - 207 milj.<br />Otrā valoda: >246 milj.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Valodu_saraksts_p%C4%93c_run%C4%81t%C4%81ju_skaita" class="mw-redirect" title="Valodu saraksts pēc runātāju skaita">Reitings</a>: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;">2 (kopējais runātāju skaits)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />6 (dzimtā valoda)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Valodu_saime" title="Valodu saime">Valodu saime</a>: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Afroazi%C4%81tu_valodas" title="Afroaziātu valodas">Afroaziātu</a><br /><span style="font-size:66%;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Sem%C4%ABtu_valodas" title="Semītu valodas">Semītu</a><br /><span style="font-size:66%;">  </span><a href="/wiki/Rietumsem%C4%ABtu_valodas" title="Rietumsemītu valodas">Rietumsemītu</a><br /><span style="font-size:66%;">   </span><a href="/wiki/Centr%C4%81l%C4%81s_sem%C4%ABtu_valodas" title="Centrālās semītu valodas">Centrālās semītu</a><br /><span style="font-size:66%;">    </span><b>Arābu valoda</b>  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Rakst%C4%ABba" title="Rakstība">Rakstība</a>: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Ar%C4%81bu_alfab%C4%93ts" title="Arābu alfabēts">Arābu alfabēts</a>  </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: yellow;">Oficiālais statuss </th></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Valsts_valoda" title="Valsts valoda">Oficiālā valoda</a>: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;">25 valstīs, trešā izplatītākā pēc <a href="/wiki/Ang%C4%BCu_valoda" title="Angļu valoda">angļu</a> un <a href="/wiki/Fran%C4%8Du_valoda" title="Franču valoda">franču</a> valodas<sup id="cite_ref-Wright_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wright-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border: none; padding: 0;"> <div class="NavHead" style="font-size: 105%; background: transparent; text-align: left;">Saraksts</div> <ul class="NavContent" style="list-style: none none; margin-left: 0; text-align: left; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; display:none;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Flag_of_Algeria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karogs: Alžīrija"><img alt="Karogs: Alžīrija" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Al%C5%BE%C4%ABrija" title="Alžīrija">Alžīrija</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karogs: Apvienotie Arābu Emirāti"><img alt="Karogs: Apvienotie Arābu Emirāti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Apvienotie_Ar%C4%81bu_Emir%C4%81ti" title="Apvienotie Arābu Emirāti">Apvienotie Arābu Emirāti</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Flag_of_Bahrain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karogs: Bahreina"><img alt="Karogs: Bahreina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a 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1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/44px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C4%92%C4%A3ipte" title="Ēģipte">Ēģipte</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Flag_of_Eritrea.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karogs: Eritreja"><img alt="Karogs: Eritreja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/22px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/33px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/44px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Eritreja" title="Eritreja">Eritreja</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/33px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/44px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Izra%C4%93la" title="Izraēla">Izraēla</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Flag_of_Yemen.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karogs: Jemena"><img alt="Karogs: Jemena" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/22px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/33px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/44px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Jemena" title="Jemena">Jemena</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Flag_of_Jordan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karogs: Jordānija"><img alt="Karogs: Jordānija" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Jord%C4%81nija" title="Jordānija">Jordānija</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Flag_of_Qatar.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karogs: Katara"><img alt="Karogs: Katara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/22px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/33px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/44px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Katara" title="Katara">Katara</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karogs: Komoras"><img alt="Karogs: Komoras" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Komoras" title="Komoras">Komoras</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Flag_of_Kuwait.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karogs: Kuveita"><img alt="Karogs: Kuveita" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kuveita" title="Kuveita">Kuveita</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Flag_of_Lebanon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karogs: Libāna"><img alt="Karogs: Libāna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/22px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/33px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/44px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lib%C4%81na" title="Libāna">Libāna</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Flag_of_Libya.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karogs: Lībija"><img alt="Karogs: Lībija" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/22px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/33px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/44px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/L%C4%ABbija" title="Lībija">Lībija</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Flag_of_Morocco.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karogs: Maroka"><img alt="Karogs: Maroka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/22px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/33px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/44px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Maroka" title="Maroka">Maroka</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Flag_of_Mauritania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karogs: Mauritānija"><img alt="Karogs: Mauritānija" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Maurit%C4%81nija" title="Mauritānija">Mauritānija</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Flag_of_Oman.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karogs: Omāna"><img alt="Karogs: Omāna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/22px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/33px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/44px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Om%C4%81na" title="Omāna">Omāna</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Flag_of_Palestine.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Valsts karogs: Palestīniešu pašpārvalde"><img alt="Valsts karogs: Palestīniešu pašpārvalde" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/22px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/33px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/44px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Palest%C4%ABnie%C5%A1u_pa%C5%A1p%C4%81rvalde" title="Palestīniešu pašpārvalde">Palestīna</a> <br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karogs: Rietumsahāra"><img alt="Karogs: Rietumsahāra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Rietumsah%C4%81ra" title="Rietumsahāra">Rietumsahāra</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karogs: Saūda Arābija"><img alt="Karogs: Saūda Arābija" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sa%C5%ABda_Ar%C4%81bija" title="Saūda Arābija">Saūda Arābija</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_(1958%E2%80%931971),_Flag_of_Syria_(1980%E2%80%932024).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karogs: Sīrija"><img alt="Karogs: Sīrija" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/S%C4%ABrija" title="Sīrija">Sīrija</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Flag_of_Somalia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karogs: Somālija"><img alt="Karogs: Somālija" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Som%C4%81lija" title="Somālija">Somālija</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Flag_of_Sudan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karogs: Sudāna"><img alt="Karogs: Sudāna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sud%C4%81na" title="Sudāna">Sudāna</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Flag_of_Tunisia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karogs: Tunisija"><img alt="Karogs: Tunisija" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tunisija" title="Tunisija">Tunisija</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Valsts karogs: Āfrikas Savienība"><img alt="Valsts karogs: Āfrikas Savienība" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/lv/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/lv/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/lv/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%C4%80frikas_Savien%C4%ABba" title="Āfrikas Savienība">Āfrikas Savienība</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ar%C4%81bu_L%C4%ABga" class="mw-redirect" title="Arābu Līga">Arābu Līga</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Isl%C4%81ma_Konferences_Organiz%C4%81cija" class="mw-redirect" title="Islāma Konferences Organizācija">Islāma Konferences Organizācija</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karogs: Apvienoto Nāciju Organizācija"><img alt="Karogs: Apvienoto Nāciju Organizācija" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Apvienoto_N%C4%81ciju_Organiz%C4%81cija" title="Apvienoto Nāciju Organizācija">Apvienoto Nāciju Organizācija</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;">Regulators: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/%C4%92%C4%A3ipte" title="Ēģipte">Ēģipte</a>: Arābu valodas akadēmija <a href="/wiki/Kaira" title="Kaira">Kairā</a><br /><a href="/wiki/S%C4%ABrija" title="Sīrija">Sīrija</a>: Arābu Akadēmija <a href="/wiki/Damaska" title="Damaska">Damaskā</a> (vecākā)<br /><a href="/wiki/Ir%C4%81ka" title="Irāka">Irāka</a>: Irākas Zinātņu akadēmija<br /><a href="/wiki/Sud%C4%81na" title="Sudāna">Sudāna</a>: Arābu valodas akadēmija <a href="/wiki/Hart%C5%ABma" title="Hartūma">Hartūmā</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Maroka" title="Maroka">Maroka</a>: Arābu valodas akadēmija <a href="/wiki/Rab%C4%81ta" title="Rabāta">Rabātā</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jord%C4%81nija" title="Jordānija">Jordānija</a>: Jordānijas Arābu akadēmija<br /><a href="/wiki/L%C4%ABbija" title="Lībija">Lībija</a>: Džamahirījas Arābu valodas akadēmija<br /><a href="/wiki/Tunisija" title="Tunisija">Tunisija</a>: Beit el Hikma fonds<br /><a href="/wiki/Izra%C4%93la" title="Izraēla">Izraēla</a>: Arābu valodas akadēmija <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3379498,00.html">[1]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: yellow;">Valodas kodi </th></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a>: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><tt>ar</tt> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a>: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><tt>ara</tt> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a>: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><tt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/ara">ara</a></tt> — arābu (kopējs)<br /><i>skatīt <a href="/wiki/Ar%C4%81bu_valodas_varianti" class="mw-redirect" title="Arābu valodas varianti">arābu valodas variantus</a> atsevišķajiem kodiem</i>  </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="padding: 0; vertical-align: middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Arabic_speaking_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Arabic_speaking_world.svg/300px-Arabic_speaking_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Arabic_speaking_world.svg/450px-Arabic_speaking_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Arabic_speaking_world.svg/600px-Arabic_speaking_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><br />Arābu valoda kā vienīgā valsts valoda (zaļā krāsa) vai kā viena no valsts valodām (zilā krāsa). </td></tr> <tr> <td class="boilerplate metadata" colspan="3" style="padding: 0.5em;"><small><b>Piezīme</b>: Šī lapa var saturēt <a href="/wiki/Starptautiskais_fon%C4%93tiskais_alfab%C4%93ts" title="Starptautiskais fonētiskais alfabēts">IPA</a> fonētiskās rakstzīmes <a href="/wiki/Unikods" title="Unikods">unikodā</a>. Bez pilnīga renderēšanas atbalsta vajadzīgo simbolu vietā var redzēt jautājuma zīmes, kastes vai citus simbolus.</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Arābu valoda</b> (<span lang="ar">الْعَرَبيّة</span> — <i>al ʿarabiyyah</i> vai vienkārši <span lang="ar">عَرَبيْ</span> — <i>ʿarabī</i>) runātāju skaita ziņā ir lielākā dzīvā <a href="/wiki/Sem%C4%ABtu_valodas" title="Semītu valodas">semītu</a> saimes <a href="/wiki/Valoda" title="Valoda">valoda</a>. Tuvu radniecīga <a href="/wiki/Ivrits" title="Ivrits">ebreju</a> un <a href="/wiki/Aramie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Aramiešu valoda">aramiešu</a> valodām, ar kurām ir kopēja <a href="/wiki/Sem%C4%ABtu_pirmvaloda" title="Semītu pirmvaloda">semītu pirmvaloda</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a> standartā modernā arābu valoda tiek klasificēta kā <a href="/wiki/Makrovaloda" title="Makrovaloda">makrovaloda</a> ar 27 <a href="/wiki/Ar%C4%81bu_valodas_varianti" class="mw-redirect" title="Arābu valodas varianti">apakšvalodām</a>. </p><p>Mūsdienu standarta arābu valoda ir cēlusies no <a href="/wiki/Klasisk%C4%81_ar%C4%81bu_valoda" title="Klasiskā arābu valoda">klasiskās arābu valodas</a>, kas ir bijusi <a href="/wiki/Liter%C4%81r%C4%81_valoda" title="Literārā valoda">literārā</a> un <a href="/wiki/Isl%C4%81ms" title="Islāms">islāma</a> <a href="/wiki/Litur%C4%A3isk%C4%81_valoda" title="Liturģiskā valoda">liturģiskā valoda</a> kopš 7. gadsimta. </p><p>Arābu valoda ir devusi daudz aizguvumus islāma pasaules valodām, līdzīgi, kā <a href="/wiki/Lat%C4%AB%C5%86u_valoda" title="Latīņu valoda">latīņu</a> un <a href="/wiki/Grie%C4%B7u_valoda" title="Grieķu valoda">grieķu valodas</a> lielākajai daļai <a href="/wiki/Eiropa" title="Eiropa">Eiropas</a> valodu. Tāpat arābu valodā ir daudz aizguvumu no citām valodā, ka <a href="/wiki/Persie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Persiešu valoda">persiešu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanskrits" title="Sanskrits">sanskrita</a>, kā arī <a href="/wiki/Grie%C4%B7u_valoda" title="Grieķu valoda">grieķu</a> un <a href="/wiki/Lat%C4%AB%C5%86u_valoda" title="Latīņu valoda">latīņu</a> valodām. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Viduslaiki" title="Viduslaiki">Viduslaikos</a> arābu valoda bija galvenā kultūras valoda, it sevišķi tādās <a href="/wiki/Zin%C4%81tne" title="Zinātne">zinātnes</a> nozarēs, kā <a href="/wiki/Matem%C4%81tika" title="Matemātika">matemātika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomija" title="Astronomija">astronomija</a> un <a href="/wiki/Filozofija" title="Filozofija">filozofija</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arī Eiropas valodās ir daudz aizguvumu no arābu valodas. Sevišķi raksturīgi tas ir <a href="/wiki/Portug%C4%81%C4%BCu_valoda" title="Portugāļu valoda">portugāļu</a> un <a href="/wiki/Sp%C4%81%C5%86u_valoda" title="Spāņu valoda">spāņu</a> valodām, kas izskaidrojams ar 700 gadu <a href="/wiki/Kalif%C4%81ts" title="Kalifāts">kalifāta</a> valdīšanu <a href="/wiki/Ib%C4%93rijas_pussala" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibērijas pussala">Ibērijas pussalā</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literārā_un_mūsdienu_standarta_arābu_valoda"><span id="Liter.C4.81r.C4.81_un_m.C5.ABsdienu_standarta_ar.C4.81bu_valoda"></span>Literārā un mūsdienu standarta arābu valoda</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C4%81bu_valoda&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļu: Literārā un mūsdienu standarta arābu valoda" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C4%81bu_valoda&action=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Literārā un mūsdienu standarta arābu valoda"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Termins "arābu valoda" var attiekties gan uz <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liter%C4%81r%C4%81_ar%C4%81bu_valoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literārā arābu valoda (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">literāro arābu valodu</a> (<span lang="ar">الفصحى</span> — <i><span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">al fuşḩá</span></i>), gan uz daudzajiem vietējiem <a href="/wiki/Ar%C4%81bu_valodas_varianti" class="mw-redirect" title="Arābu valodas varianti">valodas variantiem</a>, kurus parasti dēvē par "arābu sarunvalodu". Arābi literāro valodu uzskata par standarta valodu un pārējos valodas variantus par dialektiem. Ar "literāro valodu" (<span lang="ar">اللغة العربية الفصحى</span> — <i><span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">al lughat al ʿarabiyyat al fuşḩá</span></i> — "visdaiļrunīgākā arābu valoda") saprot gan mūsdienu mediju valodu <a href="/wiki/Zieme%C4%BC%C4%81frika" title="Ziemeļāfrika">Ziemeļāfrikā</a> un <a href="/wiki/Tuvie_Austrumi" title="Tuvie Austrumi">Tuvajos Austrumos</a>, gan arī <a href="/wiki/Kor%C4%81ns" title="Korāns">Korāna</a> valodu. Literārā arābu valoda ir visu arābu valstu <a href="/wiki/Valsts_valoda" title="Valsts valoda">valsts valoda</a> un tā tiek pasniegta visu līmeņu skolās. Arābu "sarunvalodas" vai "<a href="/wiki/Dialekts" title="Dialekts">dialekti</a>" ir daudzie nacionālie vai reģionālie klasiskās arābu valodas atvasinājumi, kas kalpo par ikdienas saziņas valodu. Šīs sarunvalodas dažkārt ir pietiekoši atšķirīgas, lai būtu savstarpēji nesaprotamas. Šiem dialektiem parasti nav savas rakstu valodas, tomēr zināms literatūras daudzums (lielākoties poēzija un dramaturģija) šajās valodās pastāv. </p><p>Mūsdienu arābu valodas sociolingvistiskā situācija ir vislabākais <a href="/wiki/Valodniec%C4%ABba" title="Valodniecība">valodniecības</a> <a href="/wiki/Fenomens" class="mw-redirect" title="Fenomens">fenomena</a> <a href="/wiki/Diglosija" title="Diglosija">diglosijas</a> piemērs, kad par normu ir kļuvusi vienas valodas divu variantu lietošana. Parasti tas raksturīgs dažādām sociālām situācijām. Jebkura reģiona izglītots arābs runā gan vietējā dialektā, gan skolā apgūto literāro arābu valodu. Runājot ar tās pašas valsts vai reģiona pārstāvi, daudzi runātāji pārslēdzas no literārās valodas uz dialektu un atpakaļ pat vairākkārt vienas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sentence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sentence (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">sentences</a> laikā. Kad saruna notiek starp dažādu valstu izglītotiem arābiem, parasti tiek lietota literārā valoda. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arābu_valodas_ietekme_uz_citām_valodām"><span id="Ar.C4.81bu_valodas_ietekme_uz_cit.C4.81m_valod.C4.81m"></span>Arābu valodas ietekme uz citām valodām</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C4%81bu_valoda&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļu: Arābu valodas ietekme uz citām valodām" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C4%81bu_valoda&action=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Arābu valodas ietekme uz citām valodām"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arābu valodas ietekme uz citām valodām visizteiktākā ir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C4%81ma_valstis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islāma valstis (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">islāma valstīs</a>. Arābu valoda ir atstājusi lielu ietekmi uz tik dažādu valodu vārdu krājumu, kā <a href="/wiki/Berberu_valoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Berberu valoda">berberu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurdu_valoda" title="Kurdu valoda">kurdu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Persiešu valoda">persiešu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Svahili" title="Svahili">svahili</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">urdu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">hindi</a> (sevišķi uz sarunvalodu), <a href="/wiki/Turku_valoda" title="Turku valoda">turku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malajie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Malajiešu valoda">malajiešu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indon%C4%93zie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Indonēziešu valoda">indonēziešu</a>. Piemēram, arābu vārds <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/kitāb/</span> (<i>grāmata</i>) šādā pat nozīmē tiek lietots visās augstāk minētajās valodās, izņemot malajiešu un indonēziešu valodas, kur šis vārds nozīmē "reliģiska grāmata". </p><p>Dažādās valodās aizgūtie termini ir no reliģiskajiem (<a href="/wiki/Berberu_valoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Berberu valoda">berberu valodas</a> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr"><i>taẓallit</i></span> "lūdzējs"), akadēmiskajiem (<a href="/wiki/Uiguru_valoda" title="Uiguru valoda">uiguru valodas</a> <i>mentiq</i> "loģika"), ekonomiskiem (<a href="/wiki/Latvie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Latviešu valoda">latviešu valodas</a> "cukurs") līdz pat vietniekvārdiem (<a href="/wiki/Sp%C4%81%C5%86u_valoda" title="Spāņu valoda">spāņu valodas</a> <i>fulano</i> "un tā tālāk") un ikdienas sarunvalodai (<a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">urdu</a> un <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">hindi</a> <i>lekin</i> "bet"). Valodās, kurām nav bijis tieša kontakta ar arābu valodu, aizguvumi ir ienākuši caur trešajām valodām. Piemēram, lielākā daļa arābu aizguvumu hindi un urdu ienākuši caur <a href="/wiki/Persie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Persiešu valoda">persiešu valodu</a> un daudzi senākie arābu aizguvumi <a href="/wiki/Hausu_valoda" title="Hausu valoda">hausu valodā</a> ienākuši caur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanuru_valoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanuru valoda (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">kanuru valodu</a>. </p><p>Vairāki vārdi arī latviešu un citās Eiropas valodās cēlušies no arābu valodas, visbiežāk caur <a href="/wiki/Sp%C4%81%C5%86u_valoda" title="Spāņu valoda">spāņu</a> vai <a href="/wiki/It%C4%81%C4%BCu_valoda" title="Itāļu valoda">itāļu</a> valodām, kā piemēram "cukurs" (<i><span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">sukkar</span></i>), arhaisms "katūns" (<i><span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">quṭn</span></i>), "magazīna" (<i><span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">maḫāzin</span></i>), <a href="/wiki/Algebra" title="Algebra">algebra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alkohols" class="mw-disambig" title="Alkohols">alkohols</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al%C4%B7%C4%ABmija" title="Alķīmija">alķīmija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zen%C4%ABts" title="Zenīts">zenīts</a> u.c. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arābu_valoda_un_islāms"><span id="Ar.C4.81bu_valoda_un_isl.C4.81ms"></span>Arābu valoda un islāms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C4%81bu_valoda&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļu: Arābu valoda un islāms" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C4%81bu_valoda&action=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Arābu valoda un islāms"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arābu valoda ir <a href="/wiki/Kor%C4%81ns" title="Korāns">Korāna</a> valoda. Tradicionāli <a href="/wiki/Musulma%C5%86i" title="Musulmaņi">musulmaņi</a> uzskata, ka ir neiespējami pārtulkot Korānu tā, lai nezaudētu tā tiešo nozīmi. Dažkārt uzskata, ka to nedrīkstētu tulkot vispār. Arābu valodu bieži asociē ar <a href="/wiki/Isl%C4%81ms" title="Islāms">islāmu</a>, kaut arī tajā runā arābi <a href="/wiki/Kristiet%C4%ABba" title="Kristietība">kristieši</a>, <a href="/wiki/Druzi" title="Druzi">druzi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kopti" title="Kopti">kopti</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mizrahi_j%C5%ABdaisti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mizrahi jūdaisti (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">mizrahi jūdaisti</a> un <a href="/wiki/Ir%C4%81ka" title="Irāka">Irākas</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandejie%C5%A1i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mandejieši (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">mandejieši</a>. </p><p>Lielākā daļa pasaules musulmaņu arābiski nerunā, taču prot lasīt uzrakstīto un citēt reliģiskus tekstus. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vēsture"><span id="V.C4.93sture"></span>Vēsture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C4%81bu_valoda&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Labot sadaļu: Vēsture" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C4%81bu_valoda&action=edit&section=4" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Vēsture"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Inscription_Saadil_Louvre_AO7359.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Inscription_Saadil_Louvre_AO7359.jpg/190px-Inscription_Saadil_Louvre_AO7359.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Inscription_Saadil_Louvre_AO7359.jpg/285px-Inscription_Saadil_Louvre_AO7359.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Inscription_Saadil_Louvre_AO7359.jpg/380px-Inscription_Saadil_Louvre_AO7359.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="2110" /></a><figcaption>Senais dienvidarābu raksts (musnads)</figcaption></figure> <p>Modernā arābu valoda tiek uzskatīta par <a href="/wiki/Sem%C4%ABtu_valodas" title="Semītu valodas">semītu</a> saimes arābu-kanaāniešu atzara valodu.<sup id="cite_ref-Bishop_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bishop-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kaut arī arābu valoda nav vecākā no semītu valodām, tai piemīt daudzas <a href="/wiki/Sem%C4%ABtu_pirmvaloda" title="Semītu pirmvaloda">semītu pirmvalodas</a> <a href="/wiki/Fon%C4%93tika" title="Fonētika">fonētikas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morfolo%C4%A3ija_(valodniec%C4%ABba)" title="Morfoloģija (valodniecība)">morfoloģijas</a> un <a href="/wiki/Sintakse" title="Sintakse">sintakses</a> iezīmes.<sup id="cite_ref-Bishop_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bishop-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Balstoties uz to, cik pilnīgi arābu valodā ir saglabātas semītu pirmvalodas iezīmes, daudzi valodnieki uzskata to par konservatīvāko no semītu valodām.<sup id="cite_ref-Bishop_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bishop-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Arābu <a href="/wiki/Pirmvaloda" title="Pirmvaloda">pirmvalodas</a> (senās ziemeļarābu valodas) senākie rakstu pieminekļi ir ar 8. gadsimtu p.m.ē datētie <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasa (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Hasas</a> (<span lang="ar">الأحساء‎</span>) pieraksti <a href="/wiki/Sa%C5%ABda_Ar%C4%81bija" title="Saūda Arābija">Saūda Arābijas</a> austrumos. Uzraksti ir epigrāfiskajā <a href="/wiki/Musnads" class="mw-redirect" title="Musnads">musnadā</a> — senajā Dienvidarābijas alfabētā. Tiem seko 6. gadsimta p.m.ē. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lihj%C4%81na&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lihjāna (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Lihjānas</a> (<span lang="ar">لحيان</span>) teksti no Saūda Arābijas dienvidaustrumiem un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tam%C5%ABdi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamūdi (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">tamūdu</a> (<span lang="ar">ثمود</span>) dialekta teksti visā Arābijas pussalā un <a href="/wiki/Sin%C4%81js" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinājs">Sinājā</a>. Vēlākie rakstu pieminekļi ir 1. gadsimta p.m.ē. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Safa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Safa (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Safas</a> (<span lang="ar">الصفا</span>) teksti un daudzi arābu personvārdi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nabatija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nabatija (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">nabatiešu</a> pierakstos (rakstītos <a href="/wiki/Aramie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Aramiešu valoda">aramiešu valodā</a>). </p><p> Mūsu ēras 4. gadsimtā nodibinājās arābu karalistes <a href="/wiki/Ir%C4%81ka" title="Irāka">Irākas</a> dienvidos (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lehm%C4%ABdi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lehmīdi (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">lehmīdi</a>), <a href="/wiki/S%C4%ABrija" title="Sīrija">Sīrijas</a> dienvidos (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasan%C4%ABdi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gasanīdi (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">gasanīdi</a>) un centrālajā Arābijā (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kind%C4%ABti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kindīti (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">kindīti</a>), kuru lietvedība saglabājusi līdz mūsu dienām nedaudzos pirmsislāma perioda arābu rakstu pieminekļus <a href="/wiki/Ar%C4%81bu_alfab%C4%93ts" title="Arābu alfabēts">arābu alfabētā</a>.</p><div style="clear:left;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dialekti">Dialekti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C4%81bu_valoda&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Labot sadaļu: Dialekti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C4%81bu_valoda&action=edit&section=5" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Dialekti"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Pamatraksts: <a href="/wiki/Ar%C4%81bu_valodas_varianti" class="mw-redirect" title="Arābu valodas varianti">Arābu valodas varianti</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <p>"Arābu sarunvaloda" ir apkopojošs termins, ar kuru apzīmē arābu pasaulē lietotos arābu valodas variantus, kuri var diezgan radikāli atšķirties no <a href="/wiki/Liter%C4%81r%C4%81_valoda" title="Literārā valoda">literārās valodas</a>. Galvenās <a href="/wiki/Dialekts" title="Dialekts">dialektu</a> grupas ir <a href="/wiki/Magriba" title="Magriba">Magribas</a> un <a href="/wiki/Tuvie_Austrumi" title="Tuvie Austrumi">Tuvo Austrumu</a> dialekti. Daži no dialektiem tik ļoti atšķiras savā starpā, ka to lietotāji nevar sazināties bez literārās arābu valodas starpniecības. </p><p>Viens no galvenajiem faktoriem dialektu diferenciācijā ir attiecīgajos reģionos senāk lietotās valodas, no kurām aizgūts ne tikai vārdu krājums, bet bieži vien arī <a href="/wiki/Izruna" title="Izruna">izruna</a> un vārdu kārtība. </p><p>Galvenās dialektu grupas ir: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%92%C4%A3iptes_dialekts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ēģiptes dialekts (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Ēģiptes dialekts</a> (<span lang="ar">مصري</span>) : lieto ap 79 miljoni <a href="/wiki/%C4%92%C4%A3ipte" title="Ēģipte">Ēģiptē</a> un ir visplašāk izplatītais dialekts. Lielākoties pateicoties Ēģiptē uzņemtajām filmām un televīzijas raidījumiem.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magribas_dialekti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magribas dialekti (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Magribas dialekti</a> (<span lang="ar">مغربي</span>) (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Al%C5%BE%C4%ABrie%C5%A1u_dialekts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alžīriešu dialekts (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">alžīriešu dialekts</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marok%C4%81%C5%86u_dialekts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marokāņu dialekts (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">marokāņu dialekts</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tunisie%C5%A1u_dialekts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tunisiešu dialekts (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">tunisiešu dialekts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maltie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Maltiešu valoda">maltiešu valoda</a> un rietumu <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C4%ABbie%C5%A1u_dialekts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lībiešu dialekts (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">lībiešu dialekts</a>) Marokāņu un alžīriešu dialektos runā katrā ap 20 miljonu cilvēku.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Levantes_dialekti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Levantes dialekti (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Levantes dialekti</a> (<span lang="ar">شامي</span>) (rietumu <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C4%ABrie%C5%A1u_dialekts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sīriešu dialekts (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">sīriešu dialekts</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lib%C4%81nie%C5%A1u_dialekts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Libāniešu dialekts (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">libāniešu dialekts</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palest%C4%ABnie%C5%A1u_dialekts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palestīniešu dialekts (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">palestīniešu dialekts</a>, rietumu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jord%C4%81nie%C5%A1u_dialekts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jordāniešu dialekts (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">jordāniešu dialekts</a> un <a href="/wiki/Kipras_ar%C4%81bu_valoda" title="Kipras arābu valoda">Kipras maronītu dialekts</a>).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ir%C4%81kas_dialekts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irākas dialekts (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Irākas dialekts</a> (<span lang="ar">عراقي</span>) (un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Huzest%C4%81nas_dialekts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huzestānas dialekts (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Huzestānas dialekts</a>) — ar ievērojamās atšķirībām starp arābiskāko <i><span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">gilit</span></i> dienvidos un konservatīvāko <i><span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">qeltu</span></i> ziemeļu pilsētās.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austrumar%C4%81bijas_dialekti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Austrumarābijas dialekti (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Austrumarābijas dialekti</a> (<span lang="ar">بحريني</span>) (<a href="/wiki/Sa%C5%ABda_Ar%C4%81bija" title="Saūda Arābija">Saūda Arābijas</a> austrumi, <a href="/wiki/Ir%C4%81ka" title="Irāka">Irākas</a> rietumi, <a href="/wiki/S%C4%ABrija" title="Sīrija">Sīrijas</a> austrumi, <a href="/wiki/Jord%C4%81nija" title="Jordānija">Jordānijas</a> austrumi un daļa <a href="/wiki/Om%C4%81na" title="Omāna">Omānas</a>).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C4%AB%C4%8Da_dialekti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Līča dialekti (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Līča dialekti</a> (<span lang="ar">خليجي</span>) (<a href="/wiki/Bahreina" title="Bahreina">Bahreina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sa%C5%ABda_Ar%C4%81bija" title="Saūda Arābija">Saūda Arābijas</a> Austrumu province, <a href="/wiki/Kuveita" title="Kuveita">Kuveita</a>, <a href="/wiki/AAE" class="mw-redirect" title="AAE">AAE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katara" title="Katara">Katara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Om%C4%81na" title="Omāna">Omāna</a>).</li></ul> <p>Citi dialekti: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Has%C4%81n%C4%ABja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasānīja (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Hasānīja</a> (<span lang="ar">حساني</span>) (<a href="/wiki/Maurit%C4%81nija" title="Mauritānija">Mauritānija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rietumsah%C4%81ra" title="Rietumsahāra">Rietumsahāra</a>).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sud%C4%81nas_dialekti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sudānas dialekti (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Sudānas dialekti</a> (<span lang="ar">سوداني</span>) (<a href="/wiki/Sud%C4%81na" title="Sudāna">Sudāna</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cada" title="Čada">Čadas</a> ziemeļi).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hid%C5%BE%C4%81zas_dialekts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hidžāzas dialekts (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Hidžāzas dialekts</a> (<span lang="ar">حجازي</span>) (<a href="/wiki/Sa%C5%ABda_Ar%C4%81bija" title="Saūda Arābija">Saūda Arābijas</a> rietumi).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ned%C5%BEdas_dialekts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nedždas dialekts (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Nedždas dialekts</a> (<span lang="ar">نجدي</span>) (<a href="/wiki/Sa%C5%ABda_Ar%C4%81bija" title="Saūda Arābija">Saūda Arābijas</a> centrālā daļa).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jemenas_dialekts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jemenas dialekts (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Jemenas dialekts</a> (<span lang="ar">يمني</span>) (<a href="/wiki/Jemena" title="Jemena">Jemena</a> un <a href="/wiki/Sa%C5%ABda_Ar%C4%81bija" title="Saūda Arābija">Saūda Arābijas</a> dienvidi).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andal%C5%ABzijas_dialekts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andalūzijas dialekts (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Andalūzijas dialekts</a> (<span lang="ar">أندلسي</span>) (<a href="/wiki/Ib%C4%93rijas_pussala" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibērijas pussala">Ibērijas pussala</a> līdz 17. gadsimtam).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sic%C4%ABlijas_dialekts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sicīlijas dialekts (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Sicīlijas dialekts</a> (<span lang="ar">صقلي</span>) (<a href="/wiki/Sic%C4%ABlija" title="Sicīlija">Sicīlija</a> un <a href="/wiki/It%C4%81lija" title="Itālija">Itālijas</a> dienvidi līdz 14. gadsimtam)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Maltie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Maltiešu valoda">Maltiešu valoda</a> (<span lang="ar">مالطي</span>) ir vienīgais no arābu valodas dialektiem, kas izveidojies par atsevišķu pilnvērtīgu valodu ar neatkarīgām valodas normām. Neskaitot fonoloģiju, maltiešu valodai ir zināma līdzība ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tunisie%C5%A1u_dialekts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tunisiešu dialekts (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">tunisiešu dialektu</a>, bet laika ritumā valoda ir adaptējusi daudz vārdu, fonoloģisku elementu un gramatisku risinājumu no <a href="/wiki/It%C4%81%C4%BCu_valoda" title="Itāļu valoda">itāļu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sic%C4%ABlie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Sicīliešu valoda">sicīliešu</a> un <a href="/wiki/Ang%C4%BCu_valoda" title="Angļu valoda">angļu valodas</a>. Tā ir arī vienīgā semītu valoda, kas lieto <a href="/wiki/Lat%C4%AB%C5%86u_alfab%C4%93ts" class="mw-redirect" title="Latīņu alfabēts">latīņu alfabētu</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fonētika"><span id="Fon.C4.93tika"></span>Fonētika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C4%81bu_valoda&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Labot sadaļu: Fonētika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C4%81bu_valoda&action=edit&section=6" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Fonētika"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zemāk aprakstīta standarta literārā arābu valoda. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Patskaņi_un_divskaņi"><span id="Patska.C5.86i_un_divska.C5.86i"></span>Patskaņi un divskaņi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C4%81bu_valoda&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Labot sadaļu: Patskaņi un divskaņi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C4%81bu_valoda&action=edit&section=7" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Patskaņi un divskaņi"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Arabic_vowels_(Monophthongs).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Arabic_vowels_%28Monophthongs%29.svg/200px-Arabic_vowels_%28Monophthongs%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Arabic_vowels_%28Monophthongs%29.svg/300px-Arabic_vowels_%28Monophthongs%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Arabic_vowels_%28Monophthongs%29.svg/400px-Arabic_vowels_%28Monophthongs%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="933" data-file-height="709" /></a><figcaption>Patskaņu grafs</figcaption></figure> <p>Standarta arābu valodā ir trīs īsie, trīs garie <a href="/wiki/Patskanis" title="Patskanis">patskaņi</a> un divi <a href="/wiki/Divskanis" title="Divskanis">divskaņi</a>. Divskaņi veidojas no īsā <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/a/</span> kombinācijas ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Puspatskanis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puspatskanis (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">puspatskaņiem</a> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/j/</span> un <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/w/</span>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Alofons" title="Alofons">Alofonija</a> ir novērojama atsevišķu <a href="/wiki/L%C4%ABdzskanis" title="Līdzskanis">līdzskaņu</a> tuvumā. Piemēram, <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/a/</span> un <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/aː/</span> pārveidojas šādi: </p> <ul><li>atvirzās līdz <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[ɑ]</span> blakus <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/r/</span> vai <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/q/</span> vai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emp%C4%81tisks_l%C4%ABdzskanis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Empātisks līdzskanis (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">empātiskajiem līdzskaņiem</a>;</li> <li><span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[ɐ]</span> pirms vārda robežas;</li> <li>pacelts līdz <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[æ]</span> blakus parastiem <a href="/wiki/Labi%C4%81ls_l%C4%ABdzskanis" title="Labiāls līdzskanis">labiāliem</a> vai <a href="/wiki/Koron%C4%81ls_l%C4%ABdzskanis" title="Koronāls līdzskanis">koronālie</a> līdzskaņiem vai <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/j/</span>;.</li></ul> <p>Pārējie patskaņi pakļaujas līdzīgai alofonijai. Līdzskaņu garuma atšķirība zūd pirms pauzes, kad visi patskaņi ir īsi. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Patskaņi un divskaņi </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th colspan="2">īsie </th> <th colspan="2">garie </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>i </th> <td><span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/ʕidd/</span></td> <td><i>solījums</i></td> <td><span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/ʕiːd/</span></td> <td><i>dzīres</i> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>u </th> <td><span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/ʕudd/</span></td> <td><i>atgriezies!</i></td> <td><span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/ʕuːd/</span></td> <td><i>lauta</i> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>a </th> <td><span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/ʕadd/</span></td> <td><i>saskaitīts</i></td> <td><span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/ʕaːdd/</span></td> <td><i>atgriežas</i> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>aj </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/ʕajn/</span></td> <td><i>acs</i> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>aw </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/ʕawd/</span></td> <td><i>atgriešanās</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Līdzskaņi"><span id="L.C4.ABdzska.C5.86i"></span>Līdzskaņi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C4%81bu_valoda&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Labot sadaļu: Līdzskaņi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C4%81bu_valoda&action=edit&section=8" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Līdzskaņi"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <caption><b>Standarta arābu valodas līdzskaņi un afrikātas</b></caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2">  </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bilabi%C4%81ls_l%C4%ABdzskanis" title="Bilabiāls līdzskanis">Bilabiāli</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Labiodent%C4%81ls_l%C4%ABdzskanis" title="Labiodentāls līdzskanis">Labio-<br />dentāli</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Interdent%C4%81ls_l%C4%ABdzskanis" title="Interdentāls līdzskanis">Inter-<br />dentāli</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dent%C4%81ls_l%C4%ABdzskanis" title="Dentāls līdzskanis">Dentāli<br /><small>un alveolāri</small></a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Postalveol%C4%81rs_l%C4%ABdzskanis" title="Postalveolārs līdzskanis">Post-<br />alveolāri</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Palat%C4%81ls_l%C4%ABdzskanis" title="Palatāls līdzskanis">Palatāls</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Vel%C4%81rs_l%C4%ABdzskanis" title="Velārs līdzskanis">Velāri</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Uvul%C4%81rs_l%C4%ABdzskanis" title="Uvulārs līdzskanis">Uvulārs</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Faring%C4%81ls_l%C4%ABdzskanis" title="Faringāls līdzskanis">Faringāli</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Glot%C4%81ls_l%C4%ABdzskanis" title="Glotāls līdzskanis">Glotāli</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;"> parasti  </th> <th style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emp%C4%81tisks_l%C4%ABdzskanis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Empātisks līdzskanis (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">empātiski</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Eksploz%C4%ABvs_sl%C4%93dzenis" class="mw-redirect" title="Eksplozīvs slēdzenis">Slēdzeņi</a> </th> <th style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;"><a href="/wiki/Nebals%C4%ABgs_l%C4%ABdzskanis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebalsīgs līdzskanis">nebalsīgi</a> </th> <td>  </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span lang="ar">ت </span> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">t̪</span></td> <td><span lang="ar">ط</span> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">t̪ˁ</span></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span lang="ar">ك</span> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">k</span></td> <td><span lang="ar">ق </span> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">q</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><font style="text-decoration: none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamza (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">ء <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">ʔ</span></a></font> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;"><a href="/wiki/Bals%C4%ABgs_l%C4%ABdzskanis" class="mw-redirect" title="Balsīgs līdzskanis">balsīgi</a> </th> <td><span lang="ar">ب</span> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">b</span></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span lang="ar">د</span> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">d̪</span></td> <td><span lang="ar">ض</span> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">d̪ˁ</span></td> <td><span lang="ar">ج</span> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">dʒ</span> <sup>1</sup></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>  </td> <td> </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;" rowspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berzenis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berzenis (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Berzeņi</a> </th> <th style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;"><a href="/wiki/Nebals%C4%ABgs_l%C4%ABdzskanis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebalsīgs līdzskanis">nebalsīgi</a> </th> <td>  </td> <td><span lang="ar">ف</span> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">f</span></td> <td><span lang="ar">ث</span> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">θ</span></td> <td><span lang="ar">س</span> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">s</span></td> <td><span lang="ar">ص</span> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">sˁ</span></td> <td><span lang="ar">ش</span> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">ʃ</span></td> <td> </td> <td><span lang="ar">خ</span> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">x</span> <sup>5</sup></td> <td> </td> <td><span lang="ar">ح</span> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">ħ</span> <sup>4</sup></td> <td><span lang="ar">ه</span> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">h</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;"><a href="/wiki/Bals%C4%ABgs_l%C4%ABdzskanis" class="mw-redirect" title="Balsīgs līdzskanis">balsīgi</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span lang="ar">ذ</span> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">ð</span></td> <td><span lang="ar">ز</span> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">z</span></td> <td><span lang="ar">ظ</span> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">ðˁ</span></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span lang="ar">غ</span> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">ɣ</span></td> <td>  </td> <td><span lang="ar">ع</span> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">ʕ</span> <sup>3,4</sup></td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Naz%C4%81ls_l%C4%ABdzskanis" title="Nazāls līdzskanis">Nazāli</a> </th> <td><span lang="ar">م</span> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">m</span></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span lang="ar">ن</span> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">n</span></td> <td>  </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>  </td> <td rowspan="2">  </td> <td rowspan="2">  </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Later%C4%81ls_spraudzenis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laterāls spraudzenis (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Laterāli</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>  </td> <td><span lang="ar">ل</span> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">l</span> <sup>2</sup></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vibrants&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vibrants (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Vibranti</a> </th> <td>  </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span lang="ar">ر</span> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">r</span></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spraudzenis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spraudzenis (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Spraudzeņi</a> </th> <td><span lang="ar">و</span> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">w</span></td> <td>  </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span lang="ar">ي</span> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">j</span></td> <td> </td> <td>  </td> <td> </td> <td>  </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Skatīt <a href="/wiki/Ar%C4%81bu_alfab%C4%93ts" title="Arābu alfabēts">arābu alfabētu</a> par <a href="/wiki/IPA" class="mw-redirect" title="IPA">Starptautiskā fonētiskā alfabēta</a> simbolu nozīmi. </p> <ol><li><span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[dʒ]</span> dažkārt tiek izrunāts kā <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[ɡ]</span>. Sevišķi raksturīgi <a href="/wiki/%C4%92%C4%A3ipte" title="Ēģipte">Ēģiptes</a> un <a href="/wiki/Jemena" title="Jemena">Jemenas</a> dialektiem. Vairākos <a href="/wiki/Zieme%C4%BC%C4%81frika" title="Ziemeļāfrika">Ziemeļāfrikas</a> un <a href="/wiki/Levante" title="Levante">Levantes</a> reģionos tiek izrunāts kā <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[ʒ]</span>.</li> <li><span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/l/</span> tiek izrunāts kā <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[lˁ]</span> tikai vārdā <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/ʔalːaːh/</span>, <a href="/wiki/All%C4%81hs" title="Allāhs">Allāhs</a>, kad vārds seko <i>a</i>, <i>ā</i>, <i>u</i> vai <i>ū</i> (pēc <i>i</i> vai <i>ī</i> tas ir nevelarizēts: <i>bismi l-lāh</i> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/bismilːaːh/</span>).</li> <li><span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/ʕ/</span> parasti ir fonētisks <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spraudzenis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spraudzenis (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">spraudzenis</a>.</li> <li>Daudzos dialektos <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/ħ, ʕ/</span> parasti ir <a href="/wiki/Epiglot%C4%81ls_l%C4%ABdzskanis" title="Epiglotāls līdzskanis">epiglotāli</a> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[ʜ, ʢ]</span>.</li> <li><span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/x/</span> dažkārt tiek uzskatīta par uvulāru skaņu (<span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/χ/</span>).</li></ol> <p>Arābu valodā ir tradicionāli par empātiskiem saukti līdzskaņi <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/tˁ, dˁ, sˁ, ðˁ/</span>, kas ir vienlaicīgi gan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Velariz%C4%81cija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velarizācija (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">velarizēti</a> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[tˠ, dˠ, sˠ, ðˠ]</span>, gan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Faringaliz%C4%81cija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faringalizācija (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">faringalizēti</a> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[tˁ, dˁ, sˁ, ðˁ]</span>. Šādu vienlaicīgu velarizāciju un faringalizāciju valodnieki sauc par "atvirzītu mēles pamatni".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dažās transkribēšanas sistēmās empātija tiek norādīta ar burtu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapit%C4%81lraksts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kapitālraksts (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">kapitālrakstu</a>, piemēram, <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/dˁ/</span> tiek apzīmēts ‹D›. Citkārt tiek lietots burta pasvītrojums vai punkts zem burta (‹<span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">ḍ</span>›). </p><p>Patskaņi un līdzskaņi fonoloģiski var būt gan īsi, gan gari. Garie (<a href="/wiki/Gemin%C4%81cija" title="Geminācija">geminētie</a>) līdzskaņi latīņu transkripcijās parasti tiek rakstīti ar burtu dubultojumu (kā <i>bb, dd</i> utt.), kas zināmā mērā uzrāda arābu diakritisko zīmi "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ta%C5%A1d%C4%ABd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tašdīd (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">tašdīd</a>", kas apzīmē līdzskaņu dubultošanos. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zilbes_struktūra"><span id="Zilbes_strukt.C5.ABra"></span>Zilbes struktūra</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C4%81bu_valoda&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Labot sadaļu: Zilbes struktūra" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C4%81bu_valoda&action=edit&section=9" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Zilbes struktūra"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arābu valodā ir divi <a href="/wiki/Zilbe" title="Zilbe">zilbju</a> veidi: atvērtās zilbes (LP)<sup>1</sup> un (LPP) un slēgtās zilbes (LPL). Katra zilbe sākas ar līdzskani, izņemot gadījumus, kad frāze sākas ar noteikto <a href="/wiki/Artikuls" title="Artikuls">artikulu</a>, piemēram "(tas) direktors" tiek izrunāts kā <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[al mudiːr]</span>. Kad vārds beidzas ar patskani un nākamais vārds ir ar noteikto artikulu, tad artikula patskanis tiek atmests un līdzskanis pievienots iepriekšējā vārda pēdējai zilbei. Piemēram <i>bajtu —l mudiir</i> (direktora māja) pārveidojas par <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[bajtul mudi:r]</span>. </p> <ol><li><small>L — līdzskanis, P — patskanis</small></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uzsvars">Uzsvars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C4%81bu_valoda&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Labot sadaļu: Uzsvars" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C4%81bu_valoda&action=edit&section=10" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Uzsvars"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Standarta arābu valodā <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uzsvars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uzsvars (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">uzsvaram</a> nav fonēmiski kontrastējošas nozīmes. Tas ir cieši saistīts ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patska%C5%86u_garums&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patskaņu garums (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">patskaņu garumu</a>. Pamatprincipi ir šādi: </p> <ul><li>Tikai viena no trijām pēdējām <a href="/wiki/Zilbe" title="Zilbe">zilbēm</a> var būt uzsvērta.</li> <li>Ievērojot iepriekšējo nosacījumu, pēdējā "supersmagā" (ar garo patskani un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sl%C4%93gta_zilbe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slēgta zilbe (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">slēgta</a>) zilbe ir uzsvērta.</li> <li>Ja nav augstākminēto zilbju, pirmspēdējā zilbe tiek uzsvērta, ja tā ir "smagā" (ar garo patskani vai slēgtā). Citādi tiek uzsvērta pirmā pieļaujamā zilbe.</li> <li>Standarta arābu valodā <a href="/wiki/Galotne" class="mw-redirect" title="Galotne">galotnes</a> garais patskanis var būt neuzsvērts. (Tas neattiecas uz dialektiem, kuros sākotnējais garais patskanis ir saīsinājies un parādījies sekundārs garais patskanis.)</li></ul> <p>Piemēram: <i><span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">ki.TĀ.bun</span></i> (grāmata), <i><span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">KĀ.ti.bun</span></i> (rakstnieks), <i><span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">MAK.ta.bun</span></i> (tāfele), <i><span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">ma.KĀ.ti.bu</span></i> (tāfeles), <i><span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">mak.TA.ba.tun</span></i> (bibliotēka), <i><span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">KA.ta.bū</span></i> (tie raksta), <i><span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">ka.ta.BŪ.hu</span></i> (tie raksta to), <i><span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">ka.TA.ba.tā</span></i> (tās raksta), <i><span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">ka.TAB.tu</span></i> (es rakstu). Geminētie līdzskaņi tiek uzskatīti par diviem līdzskaņiem: <i><span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">ma.DƷAL.la</span></i> (veikals), <i><span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">ma.HALL</span></i> (vieta). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dialektu_variācijas"><span id="Dialektu_vari.C4.81cijas"></span>Dialektu variācijas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C4%81bu_valoda&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Labot sadaļu: Dialektu variācijas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C4%81bu_valoda&action=edit&section=11" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Dialektu variācijas"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Pamatraksts: <a href="/wiki/Ar%C4%81bu_valodas_varianti" class="mw-redirect" title="Arābu valodas varianti">Arābu valodas varianti</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <p>Arābu valodas reģionālajos <a href="/wiki/Dialekts" title="Dialekts">dialektos</a> var būt no standarta valodas atšķirīgs fonēmu skaits. Piemēram, nearābiskais <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[v]</span> tiek lietots <a href="/wiki/Magriba" title="Magriba">Magribas</a> dialektu runas un rakstu valodās lielākoties svešas cilmes vārdos. Semītiskais <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[p]</span> kļuvis par <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[f]</span> jau pirms rakstības ieviešanas. Daži mūsdienu dialekti (kā no <a href="/wiki/Persie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Persiešu valoda">persiešu</a> un <a href="/wiki/Turku_valoda" title="Turku valoda">turku</a> valodām ietekmējušais <a href="/wiki/Ir%C4%81ka" title="Irāka">Irākas</a> dialekts) atšķir <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[p]</span> un <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[b]</span> skaņas. </p><p>Dažos dialektos (<a href="/wiki/Levante" title="Levante">Levantes</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%92%C4%A3ipte" title="Ēģipte">Ēģiptes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magriba" title="Magriba">Magribas</a>) interdentālie berzeņi <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[θ]</span> un <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[ð]</span> pārtapuši par slēdzeņiem <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[t]</span> un <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[d]</span>, bet citos tie pārveidojušies par <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[s]</span> un <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[z]</span> no standarta valodas iemācītajos vārdos. Atšķirīgās empātiskās <a href="/wiki/Fon%C4%93ma" title="Fonēma">fonēmas</a> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[dˁ]</span> un <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[ðˁ]</span> vietumis saplūdušas vienā, lielākoties <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[dˁ]</span>. Dialektos, kuriem nav interdentālo berzeņu, no standartvalodas iemācītos vārdos <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[ðˁ]</span> kļūst par <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[zˁ]</span> (<a href="/wiki/Tuvie_Austrumi" title="Tuvie Austrumi">Tuvajos Austrumos</a>) vai <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[dˁ]</span> (<a href="/wiki/Zieme%C4%BC%C4%81frika" title="Ziemeļāfrika">Ziemeļāfrikā</a>). </p><p>Cita svarīga dialektu iezīme ir velāro un uvulāro slēdzeņu <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/q/</span>, <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/ʤ/</span> (<a href="/wiki/Protosem%C4%ABtu_valoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Protosemītu valoda">protosemītu</a> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[g]</span>) un <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/k/</span> interpretācija: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nebals%C4%ABgs_uvul%C4%81rs_eksploz%C4%ABvs_sl%C4%93dzenis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nebalsīgs uvulārs eksplozīvs slēdzenis (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Nebalsīgais uvulārais eksplozīvais slēdzenis</a> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/q/</span> saglabā oriģinālo skanējumu tādos cita no citiem attālos reģionos, kā <a href="/wiki/Jemena" title="Jemena">Jemena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maroka" title="Maroka">Maroka</a> un <a href="/wiki/Magriba" title="Magriba">Magribas</a> pilsētas; <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persijas_l%C4%ABcis" title="Persijas līcis">Persijas līča</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ir%C4%81ka" title="Irāka">Irākas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aug%C5%A1%C4%93%C4%A3ipte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augšēģipte (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Augšēģiptes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Levante" title="Levante">Levantes</a> lauku un lielākajā daļā <a href="/wiki/Magriba" title="Magriba">Magribas</a> dialektu šī skaņa transformējas par <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bals%C4%ABgs_vel%C4%81rs_eksploz%C4%ABvs_sl%C4%93dzenis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balsīgs velārs eksplozīvs slēdzenis (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">balsīgu velāru eksplozīvu slēdzeni</a> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[ɡ]</span>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sud%C4%81na" title="Sudāna">Sudānas</a> dialektā šī skaņa pārvēršas par <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bals%C4%ABgs_uvul%C4%81rs_berzenis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balsīgs uvulārs berzenis (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">balsīgu uvulāru berzeni</a> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[ʁ]</span>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levante" title="Levante">Levantes</a> kristieši un <a href="/wiki/Bahreina" title="Bahreina">Bahreinas</a> <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0i%C4%ABti" class="mw-redirect" title="Šiīti">šiīti</a> šo skaņu izrunā kā <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nebals%C4%ABgs_vel%C4%81rs_eksploz%C4%ABvs_sl%C4%93dzenis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nebalsīgs velārs eksplozīvs slēdzenis (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">nebalsīgu velāru eksplozīvu slēdzeni</a> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[k]</span>;</li> <li>Dažos Persijas līča dialektos skaņa tiek palatalizēta līdz <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[ʤ]</span> vai <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[ʒ]</span>.</li> <li>Daudzos dialektos ar modificētu <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/q/</span> izrunu šī skaņa tiek saglabāta no standarta valodas aizgūtos (ar izglītību vai reliģiju saistītos) vārdos.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bals%C4%ABgs_alveopalat%C4%81ls_afrikat%C4%ABvs_sl%C4%93dzenis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balsīgs alveopalatāls afrikatīvs slēdzenis (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Balsīgais alveopalatālais afrikatīvais slēdzenis</a> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/ʤ/</span> saglabā savu skanējumu <a href="/wiki/Ir%C4%81ka" title="Irāka">Irākā</a> un lielākajā daļā <a href="/wiki/Ar%C4%81bijas_pussala" title="Arābijas pussala">Arābijas pussalas</a>; <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaira" title="Kaira">Kairas</a> dialektā un daļā <a href="/wiki/Jemena" title="Jemena">Jemenas</a> tas tiek izrunāts kā <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[g]</span>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maroka" title="Maroka">Marokā</a> un <a href="/wiki/Levante" title="Levante">Levantes</a> dialektos to izrunā kā <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[ʒ]</span>;</li> <li>Dažos Persijas līča dialektos atsevišķos vārdos pārvēršas par <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">[j]</span>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nebals%C4%ABgs_vel%C4%81rs_eksploz%C4%ABvs_sl%C4%93dzenis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nebalsīgs velārs eksplozīvs slēdzenis (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Nebalsīgais velārais eksplozīvais slēdzenis</a> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/k/</span> saglabā skanējumu lielākajā daļā dialektu; <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palest%C4%ABna" title="Palestīna">Palestīnā</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ir%C4%81ka" title="Irāka">Irākā</a> un <a href="/wiki/Ar%C4%81bijas_pussala" title="Arābijas pussala">Arābijas pussalas</a> dialektos atsevišķos vārdos tiek palatalizēts par <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/ʧ/</span>.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rakstība"><span id="Rakst.C4.ABba"></span>Rakstība</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C4%81bu_valoda&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Labot sadaļu: Rakstība" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C4%81bu_valoda&action=edit&section=12" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Rakstība"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Pamatraksts: <a href="/wiki/Ar%C4%81bu_alfab%C4%93ts" title="Arābu alfabēts">Arābu alfabēts</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Caligrafia_arabe_pajaro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Caligrafia_arabe_pajaro.jpg/150px-Caligrafia_arabe_pajaro.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Caligrafia_arabe_pajaro.jpg/225px-Caligrafia_arabe_pajaro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Caligrafia_arabe_pajaro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="261" data-file-height="365" /></a><figcaption>Arābu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaligramma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaligramma (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">kaligramma</a> putna formā</figcaption></figure> <p>Arābu alfabēts cēlies no <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aramie%C5%A1u_raksts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aramiešu raksts (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">aramiešu raksta</a>, kas attīstījies vispirms <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C4%ABrie%C5%A1u_alfab%C4%93ts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sīriešu alfabēts (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">sīriešu</a> un pēc tam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nabatie%C5%A1u_alfab%C4%93ts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nabatiešu alfabēts (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">nabatiešu</a> rakstu sistēmās un ar ko joprojām ir saglabāta attāla līdzība, tāpat kā <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koptu_alfab%C4%93ts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koptu alfabēts (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">koptu alfabētam</a> un <a href="/wiki/Kirilica" title="Kirilica">kirilicai</a> ar <a href="/wiki/Grie%C4%B7u_alfab%C4%93ts" title="Grieķu alfabēts">grieķu alfabētu</a>. Arābu alfabētā, tāpat kā citos semītiskajos alfabētos, raksta no labās puses uz kreiso. Pastāv vairāki rakstu stili. Visizplatītākie mūsdienās ir <a href="/wiki/Neshs" title="Neshs">neshs</a>, ko lieto izdevniecībā un datorikā un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruka_(raksts)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruka (raksts) (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">ruka</a>, ko pārsvarā izmanto rokrakstos.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Uz <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C4%81bu_graf%C4%93mika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arābu grafēmika (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">arābu grafēmikas</a> pamata izveidotas arī citu valodu rakstības, kā <a href="/wiki/Persie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Persiešu valoda">persiešu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">urdu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uiguru_valoda" title="Uiguru valoda">uiguru</a> u.c. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kaligrāfija"><span id="Kaligr.C4.81fija"></span>Kaligrāfija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C4%81bu_valoda&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Labot sadaļu: Kaligrāfija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C4%81bu_valoda&action=edit&section=13" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Kaligrāfija"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pēc arābu rakstu sistēmas nostabilizēšanās ap 786. g., kurā lielu ieguldījumu deva <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hal%C4%ABls_Ibn_Ahmeds_Al_Far%C4%81h%C4%ABdi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halīls Ibn Ahmeds Al Farāhīdi (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Halīls Ibn Ahmeds Al Farāhīdi</a>, izveidojās vairāki rakstu stili. Tika izstrādāti speciāli rakstu stili <a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%81mata" title="Grāmata">grāmatām</a> un citiem rakstu darbiem un speciāli stili dekorācijām un monumentālajai mākslai. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Isl%C4%81ms" title="Islāms">Islāma</a> pasaulē <a href="/wiki/Kaligr%C4%81fija" title="Kaligrāfija">kaligrāfija</a> joprojām ir lielā godā. Ja rietumu pasaulē sakarā ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Druka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Druka (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">drukas</a> izgudrošanu kaligrāfijas māksla zaudēja vienu no galvenajiem ekonomiskajiem pamatiem, tad islāma pasaulē, sakarā ar ticības priekšrakstiem, kaligrāfija turpina attīstīties un kaligrāfija tiek uzskatīta par galveno mākslas formu. Islāma dogmas aizliedz attēlot dzīvas radības un tādēļ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaligramma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaligramma (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">kaligrammas</a> kļūst par vienu no iespējamajiem izpausmes veidiem. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transliterācija"><span id="Transliter.C4.81cija"></span>Transliterācija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C4%81bu_valoda&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Labot sadaļu: Transliterācija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C4%81bu_valoda&action=edit&section=14" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Transliterācija"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Pamatraksts: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C4%81bu_valodas_transliter%C4%81cija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arābu valodas transliterācija (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Arābu valodas transliterācija</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <p>Arābu valodas <a href="/wiki/Transliter%C4%81cija" title="Transliterācija">transliterēšanai</a> <a href="/wiki/Lat%C4%AB%C5%86u_alfab%C4%93ts" class="mw-redirect" title="Latīņu alfabēts">latīņu alfabētā</a> vēsturiski izveidojušies vairāki atšķirīgi standarti. Pastāv vairākas konfliktējošas transliterācijas motivācijas. Zinātniskās sistēmas tiecas precīzāk un nepārprotamāk atveidot arābu valodas <a href="/wiki/Fon%C4%93ma" title="Fonēma">fonēmas</a>. Šādās sistēmās bieži tiek lietotas <a href="/wiki/Diakritisk%C4%81_z%C4%ABme" class="mw-redirect" title="Diakritiskā zīme">diakritiskās zīmes</a>, lai atšķirtu latīņu alfabētu lietojošajās valodās ar vienu un to pašu <a href="/wiki/Graf%C4%93ma" title="Grafēma">grafēmu</a> apzīmētas skaņas, kā piemēram <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">h, ħ, ḥ, ẖ; s, š, ş</span> u.c. Citas sistēmas tiecas izmantot lielākoties <a href="/wiki/Ang%C4%BCu_valoda" title="Angļu valoda">angļu valodas</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Difrafs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Difrafs (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">digrafus</a> (kā <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">sh, th, dh</span>), uzskatot, ka tas padara uzrakstīto intuitīvāk saprotamu, bet lielākoties neļauj korekti veikt atgriezenisko transliterāciju. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Skatīt_arī"><span id="Skat.C4.ABt_ar.C4.AB"></span>Skatīt arī</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C4%81bu_valoda&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Labot sadaļu: Skatīt arī" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C4%81bu_valoda&action=edit&section=15" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Skatīt arī"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ar%C4%81bu_%C4%ABpa%C5%A1v%C4%81rdu_atveido%C5%A1ana" title="Arābu īpašvārdu atveidošana">Arābu īpašvārdu atveidošana</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Atsauces">Atsauces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C4%81bu_valoda&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Labot sadaļu: Atsauces" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C4%81bu_valoda&action=edit&section=16" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Atsauces"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.ignatius.edu/faculty/turner/languages.htm">Three lists</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927062910/http://www2.ignatius.edu/faculty/turner/languages.htm">Arhivēts</a> 2011. gada 27. septembrī, <i><a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> vietnē., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=arb">Ethnologue</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://au.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761576546/Arabic_Language.html">Encarta</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080724175054/http://au.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761576546/Arabic_Language.html">Arhivēts</a> 2008. gada 24. jūlijā, <i><a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> vietnē., <span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071203134724/http://encarta.msn.com/media_701500404/Languages_Spoken_by_More_Than_10_Million_People.html">«Languages Spoken by More Than 10 Million People»</a>. Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2006. Arhivēts no <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encarta.msn.com/media_701500404/Languages_Spoken_by_More_Than_10_Million_People.html">oriģināla</a>, laiks: 2007-12-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Skatīts: <span class="nowrap">2007-02-18</span></span>.</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071203134724/http://encarta.msn.com/media_701500404/Languages_Spoken_by_More_Than_10_Million_People.html">Arhivēts</a> 2007-12-03 <i><a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> vietnē.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071203134724/http://encarta.msn.com/media_701500404/Languages_Spoken_by_More_Than_10_Million_People.html">«Languages Spoken by More Than 10 Million People»</a>. Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2006. Arhivēts no <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encarta.msn.com/media_701500404/Languages_Spoken_by_More_Than_10_Million_People.html">oriģināla</a>, laiks: 2007-12-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Skatīts: <span class="nowrap">2007-02-18</span></span>.</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071203134724/http://encarta.msn.com/media_701500404/Languages_Spoken_by_More_Than_10_Million_People.html">Arhivēts</a> 2007-12-03 <i><a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> vietnē.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927062910/http://www2.ignatius.edu/faculty/turner/languages.htm">«Most Widely Spoken Languages»</a>. Arhivēts no <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.ignatius.edu/faculty/turner/languages.htm">oriģināla</a>, laiks: 2011. gada 27. septembrī<span class="reference-accessdate">. Skatīts: 2011. gada 27. septembrī</span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wright-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Wright_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">John W. Wright. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.ca/books?id=G81HonU81pAC&pg=RA4-PA492&dq=almanac+arabic&lr=&as_brr=3&sig=Oi3cBiQqn4ckF2QVKPnXMEffPio"><i>The New York Times Almanac 2002</i></a>. Routledge, 2001. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1579583482" title="Special:BookSources/1579583482">1579583482</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150329205837/http://valoda.ailab.lv/kultura/vesture/kultura/islams/teksts.htm">«Islāma tradicionālā kultūra»</a>. Arhivēts no <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://valoda.ailab.lv/kultura/vesture/kultura/islams/teksts.htm">oriģināla</a>, laiks: 2015. gada 29. martā<span class="reference-accessdate">. Skatīts: 2012. gada 31. decembrī</span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bishop-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Bishop_6-0">6,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Bishop_6-1">6,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Bishop_6-2">6,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news">Brian Bishop. «A History of the Arabic Language». The Center for Arabic Culture, April 1998.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thelwall, 52</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Hanna, Sami A., Naguib Greis. <i>Writing Arabic: A Linguistic Approach, from Sounds to Script</i>. Brill Archive, 1972. p. 2. lpp.</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ārējās_saites"><span id=".C4.80r.C4.93j.C4.81s_saites"></span>Ārējās saites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C4%81bu_valoda&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Labot sadaļu: Ārējās saites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C4%81bu_valoda&action=edit&section=17" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Ārējās saites"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="metadata mbox-small plainlinks" style="border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ar:"> Arābu valodas</a></b></i> <a href="/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija" title="Vikipēdija">Vikipēdija</a>, brīvā enciklopēdija</td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vikikr%C4%81tuve" title="Vikikrātuve">Vikikrātuvē</a> par šo tēmu ir pieejami <a href="/wiki/Multivides" title="Multivides">multivides</a> faili. Skatīt: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Arabic_language" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Arabic language">Arābu valoda</a></b></i>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Arabic-language"><i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i> raksts</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(angliski)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/arabische-sprache"><i>Brockhaus Enzyklopädie</i> raksts</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(vāciski)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bigenc.ru/c/arabskii-iazyk-59f231">Krievijas Lielās enciklopēdijas raksts</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(krieviski)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/arabe-monde-langue/"><i>Encyclopædia Universalis</i> raksts</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(franciski)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.krugosvet.ru/enc/gumanitarnye_nauki/lingvistika/ARABSKI_YAZIK.html">Enciklopēdijas <i>Krugosvet</i> raksts</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(krieviski)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120118191925/http://arabcafe.org/arabic.html">"Evolution of Arabic Writing" by Ralph H. Pinder-Wilson</a> (<i>angļu val.</i>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080210200400/http://arabworld.nitle.org/texts.php?module_id=1&reading_id=17">"The Development of Classical Arabic" by Kees Versteegh</a> (<i>angļu val.</i>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://transliteration.org/quran/Pronunciation/Letters/TashP.htm">Arābu valodas izruna</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190903133942/http://www.arabic-keyboard.org/">Arābu tiešsaistes tastatūra</a></li></ul> <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-skatīt"><a href="/wiki/Veidne:ANO_valodas" title="Veidne:ANO valodas"><abbr title="Skatīt šo veidni" style=";;;background:none transparent;border:none;">s</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskusija"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veidnes_diskusija:ANO_valodas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veidnes diskusija:ANO valodas (vēl nav uzrakstīts)"><abbr title="Diskusija par šo veidni" style="color:#002bb8;;;;background:none transparent;border:none;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-labot"><a class="external text" href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Veidne:ANO_valodas&action=edit"><abbr title="Labot šo veidni" style=";;;background:none transparent;border:none;">l</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Apvienoto_N%C4%81ciju_Organiz%C4%81cija" title="Apvienoto Nāciju Organizācija">ANO</a> oficiālās valodas</div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ang%C4%BCu_valoda" title="Angļu valoda">Angļu valoda</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arābu valoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C4%8Du_valoda" title="Franču valoda">Franču valoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krievu_valoda" title="Krievu valoda">Krievu valoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABnie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Ķīniešu valoda">Ķīniešu valoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sp%C4%81%C5%86u_valoda" title="Spāņu valoda">Spāņu valoda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Autoritat%C4%ABv%C4%81_vad%C4%ABba" title="Autoritatīvā vadība">Autoritatīvā vadība</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-sh85-006306">WorldCat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongresa_bibliot%C4%93ka" title="Kongresa bibliotēka">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/sh85006306">sh85006306</a></span></li> <li>GND: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4241223-7">4241223-7</a></span></li> <li>SUDOC: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/027219623">027219623</a></span></li> <li>NDL: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00560295">00560295</a></span></li> <li>NKC: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph118564&CON_LNG=ENG">ph118564</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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