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class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Economic ties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_ties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Bilateral relations</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><caption class="infobox-title">China–Switzerland relations</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Switzerland_Locator.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map indicating locations of China and Switzerland"><img alt="Map indicating locations of China and Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/China_Switzerland_Locator.svg/250px-China_Switzerland_Locator.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/China_Switzerland_Locator.svg/375px-China_Switzerland_Locator.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/China_Switzerland_Locator.svg/500px-China_Switzerland_Locator.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="415" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightgrey"></th></tr><tr style="height:0.6em"> <td style="background:#339933;"></td> <td style="background:#E08020;"></td> </tr><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/68px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/90px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center; border-left:thin solid lightgrey;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>China–Switzerland relations</b> officially began in 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-EDA_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EDA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Economic relations between the two nations grew substantially in the 21st century, although relations became somewhat strained around 2020 due to Swiss criticism of <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China" title="Persecution of Uyghurs in China">China's persecution of the Uyghurs</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law" title="2020 Hong Kong national security law">2020 Hong Kong national security law</a>. However, in 2024 relations became warmer again, with China adding Switzerland to the list of European countries whose citizens enjoy visa-free access for tourist travel.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was followed by a launch of negotiations regarding an updated free trade agreement,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which were previously delayed by Swiss concerns about the human rights situation in China.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among the first Swiss visitors to China were Jesuit missionaries in the 17th century. Their watches were popular with the Qing court and as a result a few Swiss watchmakers began exporting watches to China. However, it was only with the popularity of chinoiserie in the 18th century that economic interest in China spread in Switzerland.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 19th century, Swiss merchants and missionaries profited from informal imperialism in Switzerland and enjoyed the consular protection of other powers. Although the Swiss media tended to be critical of Western imperialism in China, even during the <a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> victory in the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a> in 1949, most newspapers ignored Swiss involvement in it. With the establishment of diplomatic relations between Switzerland and the Republic of China in 1918, Swiss citizens were officially entitled to extraterritoriality and they formed part of the foreign community in the Chinese treaty ports, enjoying the same privileges as citizens of the imperial powers in China. Swiss exports to China included pocket and wrist watches, indigo, and textiles, while imports from China were dominated by silk and foodstuffs. After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Swiss criticism of the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_government" title="Nationalist government">Nationalist government</a> increased. Switzerland relinquished extraterritorial privileges in 1946 but relations between the two nations were distant, and Switzerland was more interested in protecting its economic interests in China than in supporting the Nationalists in the Chinese Civil War. As a result, the Swiss government was the fifth Western nation to recognize the PRC on 17 January 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-cw_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cw-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bilateral_relations">Bilateral relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Bilateral relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bern_Kalcheggweg_10_Embassy_of_China_in_Switzerland_DSC01408.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Bern_Kalcheggweg_10_Embassy_of_China_in_Switzerland_DSC01408.jpg/220px-Bern_Kalcheggweg_10_Embassy_of_China_in_Switzerland_DSC01408.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Bern_Kalcheggweg_10_Embassy_of_China_in_Switzerland_DSC01408.jpg/330px-Bern_Kalcheggweg_10_Embassy_of_China_in_Switzerland_DSC01408.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Bern_Kalcheggweg_10_Embassy_of_China_in_Switzerland_DSC01408.jpg/440px-Bern_Kalcheggweg_10_Embassy_of_China_in_Switzerland_DSC01408.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>The embassy of China in <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a>. China also has a <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_mission" title="Diplomatic mission">diplomatic mission</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Geneva" title="United Nations Office at Geneva">United Nations Office at Geneva</a> and the other international organisations in Switzerland.</figcaption></figure> <p>Until China established diplomatic relations with France in 1964, Switzerland was the only country in central and southern Europe to have a Chinese Embassy. As a result, the PRC's Embassy in Bern and the Consulate in Geneva were in charge of China's political and economic relations with France, Italy, Germany, and other countries.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> China-Swiss economic relations have accelerated since <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Chinese_economic_reform" title="Chinese economic reform">economic reforms</a> in the late 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-cw_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cw-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Switzerland's trade with China is not in deficit as other industrialized nations trade with China. Two way trade between the two countries is growing at an annual rate of 20–30 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-sf_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sf-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007, Swiss exports were valued at 5.4 billion <a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">Swiss francs</a> or 5.36 billion <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US dollars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sf_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sf-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same year, China was already Switzerland's top trading partner in Asia, ahead of Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-sf_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sf-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Swiss firms have been investing in China substantially over the last decade. There are approximately 300 Swiss firms with more than 700 branches operating in China with a total employment of 55,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-cw_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cw-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chinese firms have a small but growing presence in Switzerland as a base to expand in <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sf_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sf-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chinese firms are not only entering markets for basic consumer goods such as textiles and shoes but also for chemical intermediates, pharmaceuticals, high technology parts, and telecommunications.<sup id="cite_ref-sf_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sf-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>China and Switzerland signed a <a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreement" title="Free trade agreement">free trade agreement</a> in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Direct exports from Switzerland to China accounted for 22.8 billion in that deal, which was heralded as a "real milestone" by then <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Swiss_Confederation" title="President of the Swiss Confederation">Swiss President</a> <a href="/wiki/Ueli_Maurer" title="Ueli Maurer">Ueli Maurer</a>. Switzerland has a positive trade balance with China, and both countries are expected to profit from export guarantees, protection of intellectual property and financial cooperation between their largest banks.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Switzerland thus became the first continental European country<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the largest economy to conclude a free trade deal with China.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2015, during the <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_National_Bank" title="Swiss National Bank">Swiss National Bank</a> and the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Bank_of_China" title="People's Bank of China">People's Bank of China</a> signed a <a href="/wiki/Memorandum_of_understanding" title="Memorandum of understanding">memorandum of understanding</a> on the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">renminbi</a> <a href="/wiki/Clearing_(finance)" title="Clearing (finance)">clearing</a> arrangements in Switzerland.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020">2020</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 2020"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 2020, Switzerland openly opposed the <a href="/wiki/2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law" title="2020 Hong Kong national security law">Hong Kong national security law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_intelligence_agencies" title="Swiss intelligence agencies">Swiss Federal Intelligence Service</a> wrote that:<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The gap between the Western liberal model and China's authoritarian state capitalism will widen further. Despite the fact that China's threat to the world had not been visible in Switzerland, reports on the administration's disinformation campaigns, censorship and political repression of its opponents in Hong Kong and ethnic minorities in Tibet and Xinjiang marked the growing international perception of the threat posed by China.</p></blockquote> <p>In October 2020, Switzerland signed a joint statement on the human rights situation in Xinjiang and the recent developments in Hong Kong, delivered by Germany and denouncing China.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2021">2021</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2021"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Department_of_Foreign_Affairs" title="Federal Department of Foreign Affairs">Federal Department of Foreign Affairs</a> (FDFA) ascertained the rapid development of the Chinese economy, and concurrently the number of businesses in Switzerland that maintain contact with China was also rising. Switzerland had advocated "a balanced, coherent and coordinated approach to China", according to the federal department. Switzerland has a long history of close cooperation with the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> (PRC). In 1950, Switzerland was one of the first European states to recognise the PRC. The newly drafted China Strategy 2021–24 was a pragmatic process that involved all departments of the Federal Administration. China and Switzerland had signed a free trade agreement in 2013 to further strengthen bilateral relations, particularly in key sectors, including <a href="/wiki/Green_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Green technology">green tech</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2022">2022</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2022"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 2022 Swiss business in China survey analysed the key challenges for Swiss enterprises there. The survey found that business relations between the two nations were "at their highest ever levels on the back of high profit and re-venue growth expectations for 2022". The broad optimism for economic cooperation was illustrated by the full recovery of the growth lost due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, yet within 6 months, Swiss business confidence went from its highest recorded level to its lowest, similar to the <a href="/wiki/2015_Chinese_stock_market_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 Chinese stock market crash">2015 Chinese stock market crash</a> and the lifting of the Swiss peg to the Euro.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, Switzerland called on China to close the <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_internment_camps" title="Xinjiang internment camps">Xinjiang internment camps</a> where at least one million ethnic minority <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a> were reportedly being held.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2023">2023</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2023"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 2010, China had been Switzerland's largest business partner in Asia, and its third largest globally. According to the <a href="/wiki/State_Secretariat_for_Economic_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="State Secretariat for Economic Affairs">State Secretariat for Economic Affairs</a> (SECO) Swiss business activity in China was expanding with the implementation of the stock connect program. Despite Washington's demands to review audit records, which Beijing resisted on national security grounds, and "the risks of Chinese companies failing to meet the expected corporate governance standards", Swiss economic relations with China were at their highest level, including with <a href="/wiki/Lithium_battery" title="Lithium battery">lithium battery</a> producers, electronics and <a href="/wiki/Medical_device" title="Medical device">medical device</a> makers.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2023, the demand for Swiss watches in China appeared also in a significant upward trend, contributing to increased export volumes of Swiss watches overall.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the high technology sector, Swiss aerospace companies and academic institutions increased their cooperation with Chinese space exploration in connection with the <a href="/wiki/International_Lunar_Research_Station" title="International Lunar Research Station">International Lunar Research Station</a> (ILRS).<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, Swiss authorities raided a Chinese-owned hotel in <a href="/wiki/Unterb%C3%A4ch" title="Unterbäch">Unterbäch</a> suspected of operating a spy ring directed at a nearby airfield hosting <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II">Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II</a> jets.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2024">2024</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2024"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Relations improved again in 2024, with a state visit to Switzerland by Chinese Premier <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a> in January, where he was greeted by Swiss President <a href="/wiki/Viola_Amherd" title="Viola Amherd">Viola Amherd</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the aftermath of this meeting, Switzerland became one of the few European countries whose citizens are granted visa-free tourist travel to mainland China for up to 15 days. <sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2024, it was announced that China and Switzerland signed a memorandum of understanding to officially start negotiations for upgrading their existing free trade agreement (FTA). This move aims to enhance the quality of bilateral economic cooperation and comes after discussions between high-ranking officials from both countries.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Swiss daily <a href="/wiki/Tages-Anzeiger" title="Tages-Anzeiger">Tages-Anzeiger</a> reports, the PRC is seeking <a href="/wiki/Work_permit" title="Work permit">easier temporary movement</a> of Chinese <a href="/wiki/Service_provider" title="Service provider">service providers</a> to Switzerland through temporary work permits. However, Swiss negotiators are bound by Switzerland's national laws and quotas on immigration, limiting their flexibility in this area. Additionally, China wants to increase agricultural exports to Switzerland, but the Swiss government places a high value on protecting its domestic agricultural sector. On the other hand, the Chinese side is prepared to make concessions by negotiating clauses on addressing climate change and worker's rights. The latter involves the application of standards from the International Labor Organization (ILO), to which China has committed itself.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economic_ties">Economic ties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Economic ties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 'stock connect program' was approved in late July 2022 by Chinese and Swiss regulators. More than 10 Chinese companies will have access to the <a href="/wiki/SIX_Swiss_Exchange" title="SIX Swiss Exchange">SIX Swiss Exchange</a> through global depositary receipts (GDRs). In 2022, the companies already raised about $1.5 billion for mainland China.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_Documents_of_Switzerland" title="Diplomatic Documents of Switzerland">Diplomatic Documents of Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Switzerland" title="List of diplomatic missions in Switzerland">List of diplomatic missions in Switzerland</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EDA-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EDA_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yufang Zhou, Die Exterritorialitätsrechte der Schweiz in China (1918–1946), Frankfurt am Main und Bern 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFswissinfo.ch2024" class="citation web cs1">swissinfo.ch, S. W. I. (19 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/china-allows-visa-free-travel-from-four-more-european-countries/73472142">"China Allows Visa-Free Travel From Four More European Countries"</a>. <i>SWI swissinfo.ch</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SWI+swissinfo.ch&rft.atitle=China+Allows+Visa-Free+Travel+From+Four+More+European+Countries&rft.date=2024-03-19&rft.aulast=swissinfo.ch&rft.aufirst=S.+W.+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.swissinfo.ch%2Feng%2Fchina-allows-visa-free-travel-from-four-more-european-countries%2F73472142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina%E2%80%93Switzerland+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.news.cn/20240702/825b6477644c429aaa0e9a2607c75f80/c.html">"China, Switzerland to start talks for FTA upgrade ASAP-Xinhua"</a>. <i>english.news.cn</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=english.news.cn&rft.atitle=China%2C+Switzerland+to+start+talks+for+FTA+upgrade+ASAP-Xinhua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.news.cn%2F20240702%2F825b6477644c429aaa0e9a2607c75f80%2Fc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina%E2%80%93Switzerland+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/china-swiss-trade-talks-stall-over-rights-issues-newspapers-2022-05-29/">"China-Swiss trade talks stall over rights issues - newspapers"</a>. <i>Reuters News Agency</i>. 30 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters+News+Agency&rft.atitle=China-Swiss+trade+talks+stall+over+rights+issues+-+newspapers&rft.date=2022-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fchina-swiss-trade-talks-stall-over-rights-issues-newspapers-2022-05-29%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina%E2%80%93Switzerland+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephan Steinmann, Seldwyla im Wunderland: Schweizer im alten Shanghai (1842–1941): Eine Untersuchung ausländischer Präsenz im China der Kapitularverträge, unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Zurich, 1998</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yvonne Boerlin-Brodbeck, "Chinoiserien in der deutschsprachigen Schweiz", in: Paul Hugger (ed.), China in der Schweiz: Zwei Kulturen in Kontakt, Zürich, 2005, pp. 27–40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cw-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cw_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cw_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cw_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnüsel2012" class="citation book cs1">Knüsel, Ariane (2012). <i>Framing China: Media Images and Diplomatic Debates in Britain, the USA and Switzerland, 1900-1950</i>. <a href="/wiki/Ashgate_Publishing" title="Ashgate Publishing">Ashgate Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5167%2FUZH-64355">10.5167/UZH-64355</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-2559-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-2559-5"><bdi>978-1-4094-2559-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Framing+China%3A+Media+Images+and+Diplomatic+Debates+in+Britain%2C+the+USA+and+Switzerland%2C+1900-1950&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5167%2FUZH-64355&rft.isbn=978-1-4094-2559-5&rft.aulast=Kn%C3%BCsel&rft.aufirst=Ariane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina%E2%80%93Switzerland+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dodis.ch/8016"><i>Official diplomatic telegram on 17 January 1950 from President of the Swiss Confederation, Max Petitpierre, to Mao Zedong</i></a> in the <i>Dodis</i> database of the <i><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_Documents_of_Switzerland" title="Diplomatic Documents of Switzerland">Diplomatic Documents of Switzerland</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ariane Knüsel, "Small Country-Great Importance: Switzerland and the Chinese Presence in Europe during the 1950s and 1960s" <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004388123/BP000004.xml">https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004388123/BP000004.xml</a>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sf-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sf_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sf_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sf_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sf_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sf_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/Two-way_trade_blossoms_with_China.html?cid=646864">Two-way trade blossoms with China</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:4_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheng2023" class="citation book cs1">Cheng, Wenting (2023). <i>China in Global Governance of Intellectual Property: Implications for Global Distributive Justice</i>. Palgrave Socio-Legal Studies series. <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. p. 69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-031-24369-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-031-24369-1"><bdi>978-3-031-24369-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China+in+Global+Governance+of+Intellectual+Property%3A+Implications+for+Global+Distributive+Justice&rft.series=Palgrave+Socio-Legal+Studies+series&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-3-031-24369-1&rft.aulast=Cheng&rft.aufirst=Wenting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina%E2%80%93Switzerland+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haveeru.com.mv/world/49156">Swiss free trade deal underscores China's globalisation: Li</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150216133520/http://www.haveeru.com.mv/world/49156">Archived</a> 16 February 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>haveeruonline</i> (retrieved 26 May 2013).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">First European country after Iceland according to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160405115225/http://www.swissbanking.org/mobile/renminbi-china-and-switzerland.htm">"SwissBanking – China and Switzerland: A longstanding relationship"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swissbanking.org/mobile/renminbi-china-and-switzerland.htm">the original</a> on 5 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SwissBanking+%E2%80%93+China+and+Switzerland%3A+A+longstanding+relationship&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swissbanking.org%2Fmobile%2Frenminbi-china-and-switzerland.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina%E2%80%93Switzerland+relations" class="Z3988"></span> (page visited on 25 January 2015).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-22663819">China seals first free-trade deal with Switzerland</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, 24 May 2013 (page visited on 25 January 2015).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marc Lanteigne, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.css.ethz.ch/publications/pdfs/CSSAnalyses147-EN.pdf">"The Sino-Swiss Free Trade Agreement"</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Security_Studies_(CSS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Center for Security Studies (CSS)">Center for Security Studies (CSS)</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Institute_of_Technology_in_Zurich" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich">Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich</a>, 24 May 2013 (page visited on 25 January 2015).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.snb.ch/en/mmr/reference/pre_20150121/source/pre_20150121.en.pdf">"Fresh progress in China-Switzerland financial cooperation"</a>, press release of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_National_Bank" title="Swiss National Bank">Swiss National Bank</a>, 21 January 2015 (page visited on 24 January 2015).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawler2020" class="citation web cs1">Lawler, Dave (2 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.axios.com/countries-supporting-china-hong-kong-law-0ec9bc6c-3aeb-4af0-8031-aa0f01a46a7c.html">"The 53 countries supporting China's crackdown on Hong Kong"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Axios_(website)" title="Axios (website)">Axios</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Axios&rft.atitle=The+53+countries+supporting+China%27s+crackdown+on+Hong+Kong&rft.date=2020-07-02&rft.aulast=Lawler&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.axios.com%2Fcountries-supporting-china-hong-kong-law-0ec9bc6c-3aeb-4af0-8031-aa0f01a46a7c.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina%E2%80%93Switzerland+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a href="/wiki/Swiss_intelligence_agencies" title="Swiss intelligence agencies">Swiss Federal Intelligence Service</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsd.admin.ch/newsd/message/attachments/63413.pdf">"La sécurité de la Suisse 2020"</a>, September 2020 (page visited on 14 November 2020).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrédéric_Koller2020" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Frédéric Koller (14 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.letemps.ch/opinions/strategie-suisse-envers-chine">"Quelle stratégie suisse envers la Chine ?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Temps" title="Le Temps">Le Temps</a></i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tages-Anzeiger&rft.atitle=Erweiterung+des+Freihandels+China+k%C3%B6nnte+bei+Menschenrechten+teilweise+einlenken&rft.date=2024-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesanzeiger.ch%2Ffreihandel-schweiz-china-koennte-bei-menschenrechten-einlenken-781560349799&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina%E2%80%93Switzerland+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2022/08/01/chinese-companies-go-to-switzerland-to-raise-money-with-stock-listings.html/">"Chinese Companies Flock to Switzerland to Raise Money With New Stock Listings"</a>. Cheng, Evelyn (1 August 2022). CNBC. Retrieved 31 July 2022.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in English)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/fdfa/representations-and-travel-advice/china/switzerland-china.html">Bilateral relations Switzerland–China (Swiss administration)</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in English)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100829213628/http://www.sinoptic.ch/embassy/">Embassy of Switzerland in China</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100722100827/http://www.china-embassy.ch/ger/">Embassy of China in Switzerland</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:75px;"><div id="Bilateral_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Bilateral relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Algeria–China relations">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angola%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Angola–China relations">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Benin–China relations">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Botswana–China relations">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Burkina Faso–China relations">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Burundi–China relations">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Cameroon–China relations">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Cape Verde–China relations">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Central African Republic–China relations">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Chad–China relations">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Comoros_relations" title="China–Comoros relations">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_relations" title="China–Democratic Republic of the Congo relations">Congo, Democratic Republic of the</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Republic_of_the_Congo_relations" title="China–Republic of the Congo relations">Congo, Republic of the</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Djibouti_relations" title="China–Djibouti relations">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Egypt_relations" title="China–Egypt relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Equatorial_Guinea_relations" title="China–Equatorial Guinea relations">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Eritrea_relations" title="China–Eritrea relations">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="China–Ethiopia relations">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Gabon_relations" title="China–Gabon relations">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Gambia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="China–Gambia relations">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Ghana_relations" title="China–Ghana relations">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Guinea_relations" title="China–Guinea relations">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Guinea-Bissau_relations" title="China–Guinea-Bissau relations">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Ivory_Coast_relations" title="China–Ivory Coast relations">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="China–Kenya relations">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Lesotho_relations" title="China–Lesotho relations">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Liberia_relations" title="China–Liberia relations">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Libya_relations" title="China–Libya relations">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Madagascar_relations" title="China–Madagascar relations">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Malawi_relations" title="China–Malawi relations">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mali_relations" title="China–Mali relations">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mauritania_relations" title="China–Mauritania relations">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mauritius_relations" title="China–Mauritius relations">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="China–Morocco relations">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mozambique_relations" title="China–Mozambique relations">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Namibia_relations" title="China–Namibia relations">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Niger_relations" title="China–Niger relations">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Nigeria_relations" title="China–Nigeria relations">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Rwanda_relations" title="China–Rwanda relations">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_relations" title="China–São Tomé and Príncipe relations">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Senegal_relations" title="China–Senegal relations">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Seychelles_relations" title="China–Seychelles relations">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Sierra_Leone_relations" title="China–Sierra Leone relations">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Somalia_relations" title="China–Somalia relations">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="China–South Africa relations">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93South_Sudan_relations" title="China–South Sudan relations">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Sudan_relations" title="China–Sudan relations">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Tanzania_relations" title="China–Tanzania relations">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Togo_relations" title="China–Togo relations">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Tunisia_relations" title="China–Tunisia relations">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Uganda_relations" title="China–Uganda relations">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Zambia_relations" title="China–Zambia relations">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Zimbabwe_relations" title="China–Zimbabwe relations">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Antigua and Barbuda–China relations">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Argentina–China relations">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamas%E2%80%93China_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahamas–China relations">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Barbados–China relations">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Bolivia–China relations">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Brazil–China relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Canada–China relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Chile–China relations">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Colombia_relations" title="China–Colombia relations">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Costa_Rica_relations" title="China–Costa Rica relations">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Cuba_relations" title="China–Cuba relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Dominican_Republic_relations" title="China–Dominican Republic relations">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Ecuador_relations" title="China–Ecuador relations">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93El_Salvador_relations" title="China–El Salvador relations">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Grenada_relations" title="China–Grenada relations">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Haiti_relations" title="China–Haiti relations">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Honduras_relations" title="China–Honduras relations">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Jamaica_relations" title="China–Jamaica relations">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mexico_relations" title="China–Mexico relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Nicaragua_relations" title="China–Nicaragua relations">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Panama_relations" title="China–Panama relations">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="China–Peru relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Suriname_relations" title="China–Suriname relations">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Trinidad_and_Tobago_relations" title="China–Trinidad and Tobago relations">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="China–United States relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Uruguay_relations" title="China–Uruguay relations">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="China–Venezuela relations">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Afghanistan–China relations">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Armenia–China relations">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Azerbaijan–China relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Bangladesh–China relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Bhutan–China relations">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Brunei–China relations">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Cambodia–China relations">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93East_Timor_relations" title="China–East Timor relations">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Georgia_relations" title="China–Georgia relations">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93India_relations" title="China–India relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Indonesia_relations" title="China–Indonesia relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Iran_relations" title="China–Iran relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Iraq_relations" title="China–Iraq relations">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="China–Israel relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="China–Japan relations">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_China%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="History of China–Japan relations">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Kazakhstan_relations" title="China–Kazakhstan relations">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Kyrgyzstan_relations" title="China–Kyrgyzstan relations">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Laos_relations" title="China–Laos relations">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Lebanon_relations" title="China–Lebanon relations">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Malaysia_relations" title="China–Malaysia relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Maldives_relations" title="China–Maldives relations">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mongolia_relations" title="China–Mongolia relations">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Myanmar_relations" title="China–Myanmar relations">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Nepal_relations" title="China–Nepal relations">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93North_Korea_relations" title="China–North Korea relations">North Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sino%E2%80%93Korean_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Sino–Korean relations">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations" title="China–Pakistan relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="China–Palestine relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="China–Philippines relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Qatar_relations" title="China–Qatar relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="China–Saudi Arabia relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Singapore_relations" title="China–Singapore relations">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="China–South Korea relations">South Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sino%E2%80%93Korean_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Sino–Korean relations">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Sri_Lanka_relations" title="China–Sri Lanka relations">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Syria_relations" title="China–Syria relations">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-Strait relations">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Tajikistan_relations" title="China–Tajikistan relations">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Thailand_relations" title="China–Thailand relations">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="China–Turkey relations">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Turkmenistan_relations" title="China–Turkmenistan relations">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations" title="China–United Arab Emirates relations">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Uzbekistan_relations" title="China–Uzbekistan relations">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="China–Vietnam relations">Vietnam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_under_Chinese_rule" title="Vietnam under Chinese rule">Northern Domination</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Yemen_relations" title="China–Yemen relations">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Albania–China relations">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Austria–China relations">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Belarus–China relations">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Belgium–China relations">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Bulgaria–China relations">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Croatia_relations" title="China–Croatia relations">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Cyprus_relations" title="China–Cyprus relations">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Czech_Republic_relations" title="China–Czech Republic relations">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Denmark_relations" title="China–Denmark relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Finland_relations" title="China–Finland relations">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93France_relations" title="China–France relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="China–Germany relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Greece_relations" title="China–Greece relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Hungary_relations" title="China–Hungary relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Iceland_relations" title="China–Iceland relations">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Ireland_relations" title="China–Ireland relations">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Italy_relations" title="China–Italy relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Kosovo_relations" title="China–Kosovo relations">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Lithuania_relations" title="China–Lithuania relations">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Luxembourg_relations" title="China–Luxembourg relations">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Moldova_relations" title="China–Moldova relations">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Montenegro_relations" title="China–Montenegro relations">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="China–Netherlands relations">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Norway_relations" title="China–Norway relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Poland_relations" title="China–Poland relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Portugal_relations" title="China–Portugal relations">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="China–Romania relations">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="China–Russia relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93San_Marino_relations" title="China–San Marino relations">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="China–Serbia relations">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Slovakia_relations" title="China–Slovakia relations">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="China–Spain relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="China–Sweden relations">Sweden</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="China–Ukraine relations">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="China–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="China–Holy See relations">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Australia–China relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Fiji_relations" title="China–Fiji relations">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Kiribati_relations" title="China–Kiribati relations">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Federated_States_of_Micronesia_relations" title="China–Federated States of Micronesia relations">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Nauru_relations" title="China–Nauru relations">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93New_Zealand_relations" title="China–New Zealand relations">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Niue_relations" title="China–Niue relations">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Papua_New_Guinea_relations" title="China–Papua New Guinea relations">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Samoa_relations" title="China–Samoa relations">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Solomon_Islands_relations" title="China–Solomon Islands relations">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Tonga_relations" title="China–Tonga relations">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Vanuatu_relations" title="China–Vanuatu relations">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_relations" title="Sino-Soviet relations">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="China–Yugoslavia relations">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:75px;"><div id="Multilateral_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Multilateral relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BCIM_Economic_Corridor" title="BCIM Economic Corridor">BCIM Economic Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal_Initiative_for_Multi-Sectoral_Technical_and_Economic_Cooperation" title="Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation">BIMSTEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-African_relations" title="Sino-African relations">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Arab_relations" title="Sino-Arab relations">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Caribbean_relations" title="Sino-Caribbean relations">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Japan%E2%80%93South_Korea_trilateral_summit" title="China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summit">China–Japan–South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="China–European Union relations">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Latin_America_relations" title="Sino-Latin America relations">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Pacific_relations" title="Sino-Pacific relations">Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Third_World_relations" title="Sino-Third World relations">Third World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_and_the_United_Nations" title="China and the United Nations">United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_policy_of_China" title="Arctic policy of China">Arctic policy of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:China_and_the_Antarctic" title="Category:China and the Antarctic">China and the Antarctic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:75px;"><div id="Diplomacy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Diplomacy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Foreign_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Foreign Affairs Commission">Central Foreign Affairs Commission</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(China)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (China)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(China)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (China)">Foreign Minister</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_China" title="List of diplomatic missions of China">Diplomatic missions of China</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_China" title="List of diplomatic missions in China">in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative" title="Belt and Road Initiative">Belt and Road Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%27s_peaceful_rise" title="China's peaceful rise">China's peaceful rise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Century" title="Chinese Century">Chinese Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucius_Institute" title="Confucius Institute">Confucius Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dates_of_establishment_of_diplomatic_relations_with_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China">Dates of diplomatic recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_China" title="Foreign policy of China">Foreign policy of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Relations_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Foreign Relations Law of the People's Republic of China">Foreign Relations Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Hong_Kong" title="Foreign relations of Hong Kong">Foreign relations of Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine-dash_line" title="Nine-dash line">Nine-dash line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panda_diplomacy" title="Panda diplomacy">Panda diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">Political status of Taiwan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_unification" title="Chinese unification">Chinese unification</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stadium_diplomacy" title="Stadium diplomacy">Stadium diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_of_Pearls_(Indian_Ocean)" title="String of Pearls (Indian Ocean)">String of Pearls</a></li> <li>Major historical splits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split" title="Sino-Soviet split">Soviet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Albanian_split" title="Sino-Albanian split">Albania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Category:Treaties of the People's Republic of China">Treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_theaters_built_by_China_as_aid" title="List of theaters built by China as aid">Theater diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_warrior_diplomacy" title="Wolf warrior diplomacy">Wolf warrior diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought_on_Diplomacy" title="Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy">Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x16px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Switzerland&#124;link=Switzerland_Foreign_relations_of_Switzerland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Switzerland" title="Template:Foreign relations of Switzerland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_Switzerland" title="Template talk:Foreign relations of Switzerland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Switzerland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign relations of Switzerland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x16px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Switzerland&#124;link=Switzerland_Foreign_relations_of_Switzerland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Switzerland" title="Foreign relations of Switzerland">Foreign relations of Switzerland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Egypt–Switzerland relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Kenya–Switzerland relations">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Libya–Switzerland relations">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="South Africa–Switzerland relations">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/50px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/75px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/100px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="669" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Argentina–Switzerland relations">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Canada–Switzerland relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Colombia–Switzerland relations">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Dominican Republic–Switzerland relations">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Mexico–Switzerland relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Peru–Switzerland relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Suriname–Switzerland relations">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Switzerland–United States relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland%E2%80%93Uruguay_relations" title="Switzerland–Uruguay relations">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Armenia–Switzerland relations">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Azerbaijan–Switzerland relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Bangladesh–Switzerland relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Hong Kong–Switzerland relations">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="India–Switzerland relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Indonesia–Switzerland relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Iran–Switzerland relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Israel–Switzerland relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Malaysia–Switzerland relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Nepal–Switzerland relations">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="North Korea–Switzerland relations">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Pakistan–Switzerland relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Palestine–Switzerland relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Philippines–Switzerland relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="South Korea–Switzerland relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Sri Lanka–Switzerland relations">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland%E2%80%93Syria_relations" title="Switzerland–Syria relations">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Switzerland–Turkey relations">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Austria–Switzerland relations">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Denmark–Switzerland relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="France–Switzerland relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Germany–Switzerland relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Greece–Switzerland relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Holy See–Switzerland relations">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Italy–Switzerland relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Kosovo–Switzerland relations">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Liechtenstein–Switzerland relations">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Moldova–Switzerland relations">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway-Switzerland_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Norway-Switzerland relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Romania–Switzerland relations">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Russia–Switzerland relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Serbia–Switzerland relations">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Spain–Switzerland relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Switzerland–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Australia–Switzerland relations">Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Switzerland–Yugoslavia relations">Yugoslavia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Neutral_and_Non-Aligned_European_States" title="Neutral and Non-Aligned European States">NN States</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multilateral relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Switzerland–European Union relations">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Switzerland–NATO relations">NATO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Switzerland" title="List of diplomatic missions of Switzerland">Diplomatic missions of Switzerland</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Switzerland" title="List of diplomatic missions in Switzerland">in Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Department_of_Foreign_Affairs" title="Federal Department of Foreign Affairs">Federal Department of Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protecting_power" title="Protecting power">Protecting power</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 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