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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Systems</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Systems-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Systems subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_grading_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_grading_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early grading systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_grading_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sheldon_grading_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sheldon_grading_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Sheldon grading system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sheldon_grading_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_grading_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_grading_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>European grading system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_grading_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_Numismatic_Association_scale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_Numismatic_Association_scale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>American Numismatic Association scale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_Numismatic_Association_scale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Factors_affecting_a_coin_grade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Factors_affecting_a_coin_grade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Factors affecting a coin grade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Factors_affecting_a_coin_grade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Certification_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Certification_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Certification services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Certification_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Numismatics" title="Category:Numismatics">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color: lavender"><a href="/wiki/Numismatics" title="Numismatics">Numismatics</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">the study of currency</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AIGA_Currency_Exchange_-_Euro.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/AIGA_Currency_Exchange_-_Euro.svg/120px-AIGA_Currency_Exchange_-_Euro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/AIGA_Currency_Exchange_-_Euro.svg/180px-AIGA_Currency_Exchange_-_Euro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/AIGA_Currency_Exchange_-_Euro.svg/240px-AIGA_Currency_Exchange_-_Euro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="446" data-file-height="416" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_numismatics" title="Glossary of numismatics">Glossary</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: lavender;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">Currency</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coin" title="Coin">Coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banknote" title="Banknote">Banknotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterfeit_money" title="Counterfeit money">Forgery</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_currencies" title="List of currencies">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">ISO</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_circulating_currencies" title="List of circulating currencies">Circulating currencies</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Currencies_of_Africa" title="Category:Currencies of Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Currencies_of_Asia" title="Category:Currencies of Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Currencies_of_Europe" title="Category:Currencies of Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Currencies_of_North_America" title="Category:Currencies of North America">North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Currencies_of_South_America" title="Category:Currencies of South America">South America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Currencies_of_Oceania" title="Category:Currencies of Oceania">Oceania</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Local_currency" title="Local currency">Local currencies</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Company_scrip" title="Company scrip">Company scrip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_exchange_trading_system" title="Local exchange trading system">LETS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-based_currency" title="Time-based currency">Time dollars</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Fictional_currency" title="Fictional currency">Fictional currencies</a></dt></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_proposed_currencies" title="List of proposed currencies">Proposed currencies</a></dt></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: lavender;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/History_of_money" title="History of money">History of money</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_currencies" title="List of historical currencies">Historical currencies</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aksumite_currency" title="Aksumite currency">Aksumite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_currency" class="mw-redirect" title="Achaemenid currency">Achaemenid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_coinage" title="Byzantine coinage">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Chinese_coinage" title="Ancient Chinese coinage">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Philippine_money" title="History of Philippine money">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_coinage" title="Ancient Greek coinage">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_of_India" title="Coinage of India">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_coins_in_Italy" title="History of coins in Italy">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_currency" title="Japanese currency">Japanese</a></li> <li><a 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coinage">Milling</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hammered_coinage" title="Hammered coinage">Hammering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cast_coinage" title="Cast coinage">Cast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_metals" title="Coinage metals">Metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mint-made_errors" title="Mint-made errors">Errors</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: lavender;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Collection</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Coin_collecting" title="Coin collecting">Coin collecting</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coin" title="Coin">Coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commemorative_coin" title="Commemorative coin">Commemorative coins</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bullion_coin" title="Bullion coin">Bullion coins</a></li> <li><a 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print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Primary_sources plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Primary_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>relies excessively on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">references</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">primary sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please improve this article by adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">secondary or tertiary sources</a>. <br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Coin+grading%22">"Coin grading"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Coin+grading%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Coin+grading%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Coin+grading%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Coin+grading%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Coin+grading%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Coin grading</b><sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the process of determining the grade or condition of a coin, one of the key factors in determining its collectible value. A coin's grade is generally determined by six criteria: strike, preservation, luster, color, attractiveness, and occasionally the country/state in which it was minted. Several grading systems have been developed. Certification services professionally grade coins for tiered fees. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PCGS_graded_coin_slab.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/PCGS_graded_coin_slab.jpg/170px-PCGS_graded_coin_slab.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/PCGS_graded_coin_slab.jpg/255px-PCGS_graded_coin_slab.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/PCGS_graded_coin_slab.jpg/340px-PCGS_graded_coin_slab.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1409" data-file-height="1876" /></a><figcaption>A Canadian silver <a href="/wiki/Bullion" title="Bullion">bullion</a> coin graded by <a href="/wiki/Professional_Coin_Grading_Service" title="Professional Coin Grading Service">Professional Coin Grading Service</a> as PR69</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coin_grading&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A "grade" measures a coin's appearance. There are generally five main components which determine a coin's grade: strike, surface preservation, luster, coloration and eye appeal. Grading is subjective and even experts can disagree about the grade of a given coin.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coin_grading&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U.S. coin grading has evolved over the years to a system of finer and finer grade distinctions. Originally, there were only two grades, new and used. This changed to the letter grading system beginning with the lowest grade – <i>Basal State</i> (also <i>Poor</i> (PO)), then continuing <i>Fair</i> (Fr), <i>About</i> or <i>Almost Good</i> (AG), <i>Good</i> (G), <i>Very Good</i> (VG), <i>Fine</i> (F), <i>Very Fine</i> (VF), <i>Extremely Fine</i> (EF), <i>Almost</i> or <i>About Uncirculated</i> (AU), <i>Uncirculated</i> (Unc) and up to <i>Brilliant Uncirculated</i> (BU). <i>Gem Uncirculated</i> was roughly equivalent in usage to BU at that time. Numerical grades from 1 to 70 now accompany the verbal grades.<sup id="cite_ref-ngccoin.com_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ngccoin.com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PCGS_Coin_Facts_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCGS_Coin_Facts-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ANACS_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ANACS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-icgcoin.com_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icgcoin.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Systems">Systems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coin_grading&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_grading_systems">Early grading systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coin_grading&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early grading systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Coin_grading" title="Special:EditPage/Coin grading">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The quality of all coins is not equal and collectors felt the necessity of defining the quality of the coins in order to assess their value. Rim damage, nicks, polishing, cleaning, scratches and other forms of wear are considered factors in grading a coin. Whether or not a coin shows evidence of having been mounted in jewelry also affects its grade. </p><p>In the early years of coin collecting, three general terms were used to grade coins: </p> <ul><li>good - when circulation had worn the surface of the coin, but major details were still visible.</li> <li>fine - when features were less worn and a bit of mint luster showed on the surface. Most major and minor detail visible</li> <li>uncirculated - when the features of the coin were sharp and the luster approaching the state of a new coin at the mint.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sheldon_grading_system">Sheldon grading system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coin_grading&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sheldon grading system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_coin_grading_scale" title="Sheldon coin grading scale">Sheldon coin grading scale</a></div> <p>As the collector market for coins grew rapidly in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it became apparent that a more precise grading standard was needed. Some coins were simply more fine than others, and some uncirculated coins showed more luster and far fewer marks than others. Terms like "gem uncirculated" and "very fine" began to see use, as more precise grading descriptions allowed for more precise pricing for the booming collector market. </p><p>In 1948, well-known numismatist <a href="/wiki/William_Herbert_Sheldon" title="William Herbert Sheldon">William Herbert Sheldon</a> attempted to standardize coin grading by proposing what is now known as the Sheldon Scale, as is detailed below. <span class="clarify-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">Sheldon's 1 to 70 grading scale</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Clarify" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Can the article say that such scale is detailed in the below table's left column? (January 2019)">clarify</span></a></i>]</sup>, included in his book <i>Penny Whimsy</i>, was originally devised for U.S. large cents but it is now applied to all series.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_grading_system">European grading system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coin_grading&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: European grading system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>European countries use various, roughly equivalent, grading systems. The main features of their systems are presented in the following table: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="float:center"> <caption><b>European Grading System</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th valign="center">US and Canada </th> <th valign="center">Design remaining </th> <th valign="center"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United<br />Kingdom</a> </th> <th valign="center"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </th> <th valign="center"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </th> <th valign="center"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </th> <th valign="center"><a href="/wiki/German-speaking" class="mw-redirect" title="German-speaking">German-speaking</a> </th> <th valign="center"><a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a> </th> <th valign="center"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </th> <th valign="center"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Good (G-4) </td> <td>10% </td> <td>G </td> <td>AB (Assez Beau) </td> <td>RC </td> <td>M </td> <td>GE (Gut erhalten) </td> <td>2 </td> <td>G (Goed) </td> <td>REG </td></tr> <tr> <td>Very Good (VG-8) </td> <td>25% </td> <td>VG </td> <td>B (Beau) </td> <td>BC </td> <td>B (Bello) </td> <td>SGE (Sehr gut erhalten) </td> <td>1- </td> <td>ZG (Zeer Goed) </td> <td>MREG </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fine (F-12) </td> <td>50% </td> <td>F </td> <td>TB (Très Beau) </td> <td>BC+ </td> <td>MB (Molto Bello) </td> <td>S (Schön) </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Fr (Fraai) </td> <td>BC </td></tr> <tr> <td>Very Fine (VF-20) </td> <td>75% </td> <td>VF </td> <td>TTB (Très Très Beau) </td> <td>MBC </td> <td>BB (Bellissimo) </td> <td>SS (Sehr schön) </td> <td>1+ </td> <td>ZF (Zeer Fraai) </td> <td>MBC </td></tr> <tr> <td>Extremely Fine (EF-40, or XF-40) </td> <td>90% </td> <td>EF/XF </td> <td>SUP (Superbe) </td> <td>EBC </td> <td>SPL (Splendido) </td> <td>VZ (Vorzüglich) </td> <td>01 </td> <td>Pr. (Prachtig) </td> <td>Bela </td></tr> <tr> <td>About Uncirculated (AU-50) </td> <td>95% + some luster </td> <td>UNC </td> <td>No use </td> <td>No use </td> <td>MSPL (MoltoSplendido) </td> <td>UNZ− (Fast unzirkuliert) </td> <td>0-01 </td> <td>No use </td> <td>No use </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mint State (MS-60 to 64) </td> <td>100% + luster </td> <td>BU </td> <td>SPL (Splendide) </td> <td>SC </td> <td>SPL/FDC </td> <td>UNZ (Unzirkuliert) </td> <td>0 </td> <td>FDC (Fleur de Coin) </td> <td>Soberba </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mint State (MS-65 to 70) </td> <td>100% + full luster </td> <td>FDC </td> <td>FDC (Fleur de Coin) </td> <td>FDC </td> <td>FDC (Fior di Conio) </td> <td>STGL (Stempelglanz) </td> <td>0 </td> <td>FDC </td> <td>FDC (Flor de Cunho) </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="American_Numismatic_Association_scale">American Numismatic Association scale</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coin_grading&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: American Numismatic Association scale"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the hobby of numismatics evolved, the need arose for a more concrete grading system. In 1978, the <a href="/wiki/American_Numismatic_Association" title="American Numismatic Association">American Numismatic Association</a> published the <i>Official A.N.A. Grading System for United States Coins</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ANA_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ANA-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It established grading tiers of, in descending order of preservation, <i>Mint State</i>, <i>About Uncirculated</i>, <i>Extremely Fine</i>, <i>Very Fine</i>, <i>Fine</i>, <i>Very Good</i>, <i>Good</i> and <i>About Good</i>. Most numismatists, as well as third-party grading services, also use two other descriptors for the lowest grades, <i>Fair</i> and <i>Poor</i>. The higher tiers on this scale each encompass two or more "sub-grades" denoted by the appending of the corresponding Sheldon scale number, such as <i>Very Fine-20</i> or <i>Very Fine-30</i>. This allows for the recognition of coins which exceed the standard for a given tier, but do not meet the criteria for the next. Grades are commonly abbreviated, and not all numismatists use the numerical grades, so a grade of <i>Fine-12</i> may be rendered as <i>Fine</i>, <i>F-12</i>, <i>12</i> or simply <i>F</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ANA_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ANA-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Factors_affecting_a_coin_grade">Factors affecting a coin grade</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coin_grading&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Factors affecting a coin grade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following factors affect a coin's numerical grade: </p> <ol><li>"eye appeal" or the aesthetic interest of the coin;</li> <li>dents on the rim;</li> <li>unsightly scratches or other blemishes on the surface of the coin;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lustre_(mineralogy)" title="Lustre (mineralogy)">luster</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toning_(coin)" title="Toning (coin)">toning</a>;</li> <li>level of detail retained, where a coin with full details obviously is valued higher than one with worn details.</li> <li>If the coin is judged favorably in all of these criteria, it will generally be awarded a higher grade.<sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Grading_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Grading-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Certification_services">Certification services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coin_grading&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Certification services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Third_Party_Grading" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Party Grading">Third Party Grading</a></div> <p>Coin certification services emerged in the 1980s as a response to the need for buyers and sellers to agree on grading.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For tiered fees, certification services grade, authenticate, attribute, and encapsulate coins in clear, plastic holders.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Professional_Coin_Grading_Service" title="Professional Coin Grading Service">Professional Coin Grading service</a> (PCGS), <a href="/wiki/Numismatic_Guaranty_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Numismatic Guaranty Corporation">Numismatic Guaranty Corporation</a> (NGC), Independent Coin Graders (ICG), and <a href="/wiki/American_Numismatic_Association_Certification_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="American Numismatic Association Certification Service">American Numismatic Association Certification Service</a> (ANACS) are the most popular services. These are the only services whose coins have a special section on eBay, the largest rare coin marketplace. All four firms guarantee the grades and authenticity of their certified coins. Together they have certified over 80 million coins.<sup id="cite_ref-ngccoin.com_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ngccoin.com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PCGS_Coin_Facts_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCGS_Coin_Facts-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ANACS_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ANACS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-icgcoin.com_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icgcoin.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At each of the four main grading companies, a similar process is used. Each coin is graded (on a verbal and 1 to 70 numerical scale) and authenticated by two or more graders, and then assigned a final grade by a finalizer, based in part upon the recommendations of the prior graders. Depending on the company, various descriptors may be added, such as Full Bands for Mercury dimes, <a href="/wiki/Franklin_half_dollar" title="Franklin half dollar">Full Bell Lines</a> (FBL) for Franklin Half Dollars, or Deep Mirror Prooflike (DMPL) for Morgan dollars, and the coin's die variety may be noted. The coin is then <a href="/wiki/Coin_slab" title="Coin slab">slabbed</a> and returned to the customer.<sup id="cite_ref-ngccoin.com_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ngccoin.com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PCGS_Coin_Facts_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCGS_Coin_Facts-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ANACS_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ANACS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-icgcoin.com_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icgcoin.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, PCGS and NGC introduced "Plus" grading for high-end coins graded XF45 to MS68. A plus symbol (+) is added after the grade.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, the <a href="/wiki/Professional_Numismatists_Guild" title="Professional Numismatists Guild">Professional Numismatists Guild</a> (PNG), a US association of rare coin dealers, released the results of a survey of major coin dealers who gave their professional opinions about 11 certification services. PCGS and NGC were rated "Superior" overall, with ANACS and ICG deemed "Good". PCI and SEGS were listed as "Poor", while called "Unacceptable" were Accugrade (ACG), Numistrust Corporation (NTC), Hallmark Coin Grading Service (HCGS), American Coin Club Grading Service (ACCGS), and Star Grading Services (SGS).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ngccoin.com_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ngccoin.com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PCGS_Coin_Facts_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCGS_Coin_Facts-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Counterfeit NGC and PCGS holders have been reported, but significant measures have been taken by both services to remedy the problem, such as NGC's use of photographic verification for every coin certified and both services' employment of serial number verification and anti-counterfeiting features in their holders.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ngccoin.com_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ngccoin.com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PCGS_Coin_Facts_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCGS_Coin_Facts-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coin_grading&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png/28px-United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png/42px-United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png/56px-United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png 2x" data-file-width="903" data-file-height="901" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Numismatics" title="Portal:Numismatics">Numismatics portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mint_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Mint state">Mint state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleaning_(coinage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleaning (coinage)">Cleaning (coinage)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameo_(coinage)" title="Cameo (coinage)">Cameo (coinage)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coin_collecting" title="Coin collecting">Coin collecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_currency_grading" title="Paper currency grading">Paper currency grading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numismatics" title="Numismatics">Numismatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exonumia" title="Exonumia">Exonumia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proof_coinage" title="Proof coinage">Proof coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy_weight" title="Troy weight">Troy weight</a> (The system used with coins and precious metals. One troy ounce (ozt) is exactly 31.1034768 grams, about 10 percent more than the avoirdupois ounce, which is exactly 28.349523125 g.)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coin_grading&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTravers" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Scott_A._Travers" title="Scott A. Travers">Travers, Scott</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coingrading.com/intro1.html">"Introduction"</a>. <i>coingrading.com</i>. coingrading.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=coingrading.com&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.aulast=Travers&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coingrading.com%2Fintro1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoin+grading" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinter2001" class="citation web cs1">Winter, Doug (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100308140816/http://www.coinresource.com/articles/coin_grading_criteria.htm">"The Five Components of Coin Grading"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coinresource.com/articles/coin_grading_criteria.htm">the original</a> on 2010-03-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Five+Components+of+Coin+Grading&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Winter&rft.aufirst=Doug&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coinresource.com%2Farticles%2Fcoin_grading_criteria.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoin+grading" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ngccoin.com-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ngccoin.com_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ngccoin.com_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ngccoin.com_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ngccoin.com_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ngccoin.com_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ngccoin.com/">"NGC"</a>. <i>ngccoin.com</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Coin+Grading+Systems+-+The+History+of+Coin+Grading+Scales&rft.pub=About.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcoins.about.com%2Fod%2Fcoingrading%2Fa%2Fgrading_systems.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoin+grading" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090906031826/http://goldinfo.net/morabgrad1.html">"The History of Rare Coin Grading"</a>. Austin Gold Information Network. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goldinfo.net/morabgrad1.html">the original</a> on 6 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Rare+Coin+Grading&rft.pub=Austin+Gold+Information+Network&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgoldinfo.net%2Fmorabgrad1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoin+grading" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcgs.com/goldshield">"Gold Shield Page"</a>. <i>PCGS</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PCGS&rft.atitle=Gold+Shield+Page&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcgs.com%2Fgoldshield&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoin+grading" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ngccoin.com/news/article/1599/NGC-Launches-Plus/">"NGC: Launches Plus Designation | NGC"</a>. <i>www.ngccoin.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ngccoin.com&rft.atitle=NGC%3A+Launches+Plus+Designation+%26%23124%3B+NGC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ngccoin.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2F1599%2FNGC-Launches-Plus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoin+grading" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150921201009/http://www.pngdealers.org/news-releases/item/59-png-icta-announce-results-of-2006-grading-services-survey">"PNG, ICTA Announce Results of 2006 Grading Services Survey"</a>. <i>pngdealers.org</i>. Professional Numismatists Guild. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pngdealers.org/news-releases/item/59-png-icta-announce-results-of-2006-grading-services-survey">the original</a> on 2015-09-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-09-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pngdealers.org&rft.atitle=PNG%2C+ICTA+Announce+Results+of+2006+Grading+Services+Survey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pngdealers.org%2Fnews-releases%2Fitem%2F59-png-icta-announce-results-of-2006-grading-services-survey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoin+grading" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coinweek.com/education/coin-grading/pcgs-announces-new-anti-counterfeiting-coin-holder-video-904/">"PCGS Announces"</a>. <i>coinweek.com</i>. Coin Week. 13 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-09-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=coinweek.com&rft.atitle=PCGS+Announces&rft.date=2014-01-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coinweek.com%2Feducation%2Fcoin-grading%2Fpcgs-announces-new-anti-counterfeiting-coin-holder-video-904%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoin+grading" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coinnews.net/2008/01/08/ngc-confirms-counterfeit-replica-coin-holders-3933/">"NGC Confirms Counterfeit Replica Coin Holders"</a>. <i>coinnews.net</i>. Coin News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-09-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=coinnews.net&rft.atitle=NGC+Confirms+Counterfeit+Replica+Coin+Holders&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coinnews.net%2F2008%2F01%2F08%2Fngc-confirms-counterfeit-replica-coin-holders-3933%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoin+grading" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coin_grading&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="/wiki/Coin_cleaning" title="Coin cleaning">Coin cleaning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coin_counterfeiting" title="Coin counterfeiting">Coin counterfeiting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coin_roll_hunting" title="Coin roll hunting">Coin roll hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coin_rolling_scams" title="Coin rolling scams">Coin rolling scams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coin_set" title="Coin set">Coin set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commemorative_coin" title="Commemorative coin">Commemorative coin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_starter_kits" title="Euro starter kits">Euro starter kits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exonumia" title="Exonumia">Exonumia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_coins" title="History of coins">History of coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_date" title="Key date">Key date</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mint-made_errors" title="Mint-made errors">Mint-made errors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numismatics" title="Numismatics">Numismatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proof_coinage" title="Proof coinage">Proof coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seigniorage" title="Seigniorage">Seigniorage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_shapes" title="Coinage shapes">Shapes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Token_coin" title="Token coin">Token coin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toning_(coin)" title="Toning (coin)">Toning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VAM_(Morgan_and_Peace_dollar_die_varieties)" title="VAM (Morgan and Peace dollar die varieties)">VAM (Morgan and Peace dollar die varieties)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saddle_Ridge_Hoard_1886-S_10_dollar_slab.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Saddle_Ridge_Hoard_1886-S_10_dollar_slab.gif/125px-Saddle_Ridge_Hoard_1886-S_10_dollar_slab.gif" decoding="async" width="125" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Saddle_Ridge_Hoard_1886-S_10_dollar_slab.gif/188px-Saddle_Ridge_Hoard_1886-S_10_dollar_slab.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Saddle_Ridge_Hoard_1886-S_10_dollar_slab.gif/250px-Saddle_Ridge_Hoard_1886-S_10_dollar_slab.gif 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="458" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grading</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Coin grading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coin_slab" title="Coin slab">Coin slab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_currency_grading" title="Paper currency grading">Paper currency grading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_coin_grading_scale" title="Sheldon coin grading scale">Sheldon coin grading scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-party_grading" title="Third-party grading">Third-party grading</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supplies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coin_board_(collecting)" title="Coin board (collecting)">Coin board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coin_capsule" title="Coin capsule">Coin capsule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currency-counting_machine" title="Currency-counting machine">Coin counter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coin_folder" title="Coin folder">Coin folder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coin_storage" title="Coin storage">Coin storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coin_wrapper" title="Coin wrapper">Coin wrapper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_coin_catalogs" title="List of coin catalogs">Catalogs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Standard_Catalog_of_World_Coins" title="Standard Catalog of World Coins">Standard Catalog of World Coins</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Imperial_Coinage" title="Roman Imperial Coinage">Roman Imperial Coinage</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_European_Coinage" title="Medieval European Coinage">Medieval European Coinage</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Standard_Catalogue_of_British_Coins" title="Standard Catalogue of British Coins">Standard Catalogue of British Coins</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Guide_Book_of_United_States_Coins" title="A Guide Book of United States Coins">A Guide Book of United States Coins</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Coin grading<br />companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ANACS_(coin_grading_company)" title="ANACS (coin grading company)">ANACS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Certified_Acceptance_Corporation" title="Certified Acceptance Corporation">Certified Acceptance Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Coin_Certification_Service" title="International Coin Certification Service">International Coin Certification Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numismatic_Guaranty_Company" title="Numismatic Guaranty Company">Numismatic Guaranty Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Coin_Grading_Service" title="Professional Coin Grading Service">Professional Coin Grading Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_coin_collectors" title="List of coin collectors">List of coin collectors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_currencies" title="List of currencies">List of currencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_metal_detecting_finds" title="List of metal detecting finds">List of metal detecting finds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mints" title="List of mints">List of mints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_coins" title="List of most expensive coins">List of most expensive coins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coin_show" title="Coin show">Coin show</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png/16px-United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png" 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