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href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="the wall street journal"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1862</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: the wall street journal</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1592</span> Preliminary Study of Material Composition of Wreathed Hornbill (Rhycticeros undulatus) Nest Cover Entrance in Mount Ungaran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Margareta%20Rahayuningsih">Margareta Rahayuningsih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Alimah"> Siti Alimah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Novita%20%20Hermayani"> Novita Hermayani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Misbahul%20Munir"> Misbahul Munir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wreathed Hornbill (Rhycticeros undulatus) was a protected bird that we can found in Mount Ungaran. It is known that the bird have been breeding and nesting on the mountain. The objective of the research was to analysis the materials composition of the Wreathed Hornbill nest wall plaster. The study was carried out in Curug Lawe and Gunung Gentong, Mount Ungaran Central Java. Nest wall plaster samples were collected from nest cavities were used by hornbill but after they left from the nest. The nest tree species on Gunung Gentong was Syzygium antisepticum and Syzigium glabratum on Curug Lawe. Materials analysis used proximate analysis and have been done on Chemistry Laboratory of Semarang State University. The result of proximate analysis showed that the material composition of nest wall plaster such as water, proteins. lipid, carbohydrate, and ash between Curug Lawe and Gunung Gentong was different. Except Carbohidrate, the highest componen showed in the nest wall plaster on Gunung Gentong. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mount%20Ungaran" title="Mount Ungaran">Mount Ungaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nest%20cover%20entrance" title=" nest cover entrance"> nest cover entrance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rhyticeros%20undulatus" title=" Rhyticeros undulatus"> Rhyticeros undulatus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proximate%20analysis" title=" proximate analysis"> proximate analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47874/preliminary-study-of-material-composition-of-wreathed-hornbill-rhycticeros-undulatus-nest-cover-entrance-in-mount-ungaran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47874.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">253</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1591</span> Strong Ground Motion Characteristics Revealed by Accelerograms in Ms8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jie%20Su">Jie Su</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhenghua%20Zhou"> Zhenghua Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yushi%20Wang"> Yushi Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongyi%20Li"> Yongyi Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ground motion characteristics, which are given by the analysis of acceleration records, underlie the formulation and revision of the seismic design code of structural engineering. China Digital Strong Motion Network had recorded a lot of accelerograms of main shock from 478 permanent seismic stations, during the Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008. These accelerograms provided a large number of essential data for the analysis of ground motion characteristics of the event. The spatial distribution characteristics, rupture directivity effect, hanging-wall and footwall effect had been studied based on these acceleration records. The results showed that the contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration and peak velocity were approximately parallel to the seismogenic fault which demonstrated that the distribution of the ground motion intensity was obviously controlled by the spatial extension direction of the seismogenic fault. Compared with the peak ground acceleration (PGA) recorded on the sites away from which the front of the fault rupture propagates, the PGA recorded on the sites toward which the front of the fault rupture propagates had larger amplitude and shorter duration, which indicated a significant rupture directivity effect. With the similar fault distance, the PGA of the hanging-wall is apparently greater than that of the foot-wall, while the peak velocity fails to observe this rule. Taking account of the seismic intensity distribution of Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake, the shape of strong ground motion contours was significantly affected by the directional effect in the regions with Chinese seismic intensity level VI ~ VIII. However, in the regions whose Chinese seismic intensity level are equal or greater than VIII, the mutual positional relationship between the strong ground motion contours and the surface outcrop trace of the fault was evidently influenced by the hanging-wall and foot-wall effect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hanging-wall%20and%20foot-wall%20effect" title="hanging-wall and foot-wall effect">hanging-wall and foot-wall effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peak%20ground%20acceleration" title=" peak ground acceleration"> peak ground acceleration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rupture%20directivity%20effect" title=" rupture directivity effect"> rupture directivity effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strong%20ground%20motion" title=" strong ground motion"> strong ground motion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66315/strong-ground-motion-characteristics-revealed-by-accelerograms-in-ms80-wenchuan-earthquake" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66315.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1590</span> Stress Analysis of Water Wall Tubes of a Coal-fired Boiler during Soot Blowing Operation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pratch%20Kittipongpattana">Pratch Kittipongpattana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thongchai%20Fongsamootr"> Thongchai Fongsamootr</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aimed to study the influences of a soot blowing operation and geometrical variables to the stress characteristic of water wall tubes located in soot blowing areas which caused the boilers of Mae Moh power plant to lose their generation hour. The research method is divided into 2 parts (a) measuring the strain on water wall tubes by using 3-element rosette strain gages orientation during a full capacity plant operation and in periods of soot blowing operations (b) creating a finite element model in order to calculate stresses on tubes and validating the model by using experimental data in a steady state plant operation. Then, the geometrical variables in the model were changed to study stresses on the tubes. The results revealed that the stress was not affected by the soot blowing process and the finite element model gave the results 1.24% errors from the experiment. The geometrical variables influenced the stress, with the most optimum tubes design in this research reduced the average stress from the present design 31.28%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boiler%20water%20wall%20tube" title="boiler water wall tube">boiler water wall tube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element" title=" finite element"> finite element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20analysis" title=" stress analysis"> stress analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strain%20gage%20rosette" title=" strain gage rosette"> strain gage rosette</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45920/stress-analysis-of-water-wall-tubes-of-a-coal-fired-boiler-during-soot-blowing-operation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45920.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1589</span> Strategic Shear Wall Arrangement in Buildings under Seismic Loads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akram%20Khelaifia">Akram Khelaifia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salah%20Guettala"> Salah Guettala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nesreddine%20Djafar%20Henni"> Nesreddine Djafar Henni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Chebili"> Rachid Chebili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reinforced concrete shear walls are pivotal in protecting buildings from seismic forces by providing strength and stiffness. This study highlights the importance of strategically placing shear walls and optimizing the shear wall-to-floor area ratio in building design. Nonlinear analyses were conducted on an eight-story building situated in a high seismic zone, exploring various scenarios of shear wall positioning and ratios to floor area. Employing the performance-based seismic design (PBSD) approach, the study aims to meet acceptance criteria such as inter-story drift ratio and damage levels. The results indicate that concentrating shear walls in the middle of the structure during the design phase yields superior performance compared to peripheral distributions. Utilizing shear walls that fully infill the frame and adopting compound shapes (e.g., Box, U, and L) enhances reliability in terms of inter-story drift. Conversely, the absence of complete shear walls within the frame leads to decreased stiffness and degradation of shorter beams. Increasing the shear wall-to-floor area ratio in building design enhances structural rigidity and reliability regarding inter-story drift, facilitating the attainment of desired performance levels. The study suggests that a shear wall ratio of 1.0% is necessary to meet validation criteria for inter-story drift and structural damage, as exceeding this percentage leads to excessive performance levels, proving uneconomical as structural elements operate near the elastic range. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20analyses" title="nonlinear analyses">nonlinear analyses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pushover%20analysis" title=" pushover analysis"> pushover analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20wall" title=" shear wall"> shear wall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20hinge" title=" plastic hinge"> plastic hinge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20level" title=" performance level"> performance level</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182474/strategic-shear-wall-arrangement-in-buildings-under-seismic-loads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182474.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">55</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1588</span> Spatial Analysis of Festival Spaces in Traditional Festivals in Taipei City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liu%20Szu%20Yin">Liu Szu Yin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The center of urban development lies in commercial transactions and folk religious activities. In Taipei City, temples serve as crucial urban spaces and centers for civic activities and religious beliefs. The appearance of local temples can be influenced by the prosperity of the surrounding communities. Apart from being centers of religious worship, Taipei's temples also host festival celebrations, allowing people to gather in front of the temples and form collective urban memories. The spatial attributes for hosting festival activities include streets, squares, parks, and buildings. In Taipei, many traditional festivals take place on the streets, either as round-trip routes or linear routes with a single starting and ending point. Given the processions and parades involving palanquins and other ceremonial objects during traditional festival activities, street spaces are frequently utilized. Therefore, this study analyzes the historical context and street spaces of three traditional festivals in Taipei City, including Qingshan Temple in Monga, Xiahai City God Temple in Dadaocheng, and Baoan Temple in Dalongdong, through on-site research. Most urban festival planners need to understand the characteristics of the city's streets in order to effectively utilize street spaces for festival planning. Taipei's traditional festivals not only preserve Chinese traditional culture but also incorporate modern elements, ensuring the transmission of culture and faith and allowing the city to become characterized by sustainable culture and unique urban memories. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=festival%20space" title="festival space">festival space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20festival" title=" urban festival"> urban festival</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taipei" title=" taipei"> taipei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20memory" title=" urban memory"> urban memory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167731/spatial-analysis-of-festival-spaces-in-traditional-festivals-in-taipei-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167731.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1587</span> Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete as Curbs, Pavement Bricks, and Wall Bricks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marthin%20Dody%20Josias%20Sumajouw">Marthin Dody Josias Sumajouw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bryan%20Wijaya"> Bryan Wijaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Servie%20O.%20Dapas"> Servie O. Dapas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ronny%20E.%20Pandaleke"> Ronny E. Pandaleke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Banu%20Handono"> Banu Handono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabian%20J.%20Manoppo"> Fabian J. Manoppo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) takes a big role as a concrete binder in infrastructure construction purposes, nevertheless, it produces CO2 emissions abundantly. To reduce the CO2 emissions produced by OPC concrete, nowadays, geopolymer material become one of the solutions due to it being a binder made from waste with pozzolan material. In concrete industries, geopolymer concrete has evolved as a more environmentally friendly material than OPC concrete. The geopolymer concrete was created without the usage of OPC known as cementless concrete materials. Geopolymer concrete obtains silicon and aluminum from industrial by-products such as fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, and kaolinite. A highly alkaline solution chemically activates Si and Al, forming a matrix that holds together the loose aggregates as well as additional unreacted components in the mixture. They are then dissolved in alkaline activating solutions, where they polymerize into molecular chains, resulting in rigid binders. This research aims to get an eco-friendly material that can reduce the use of OPC as a binder and be used for infrastructure development end-products such as Curbs, Pavement Bricks, and Wall Bricks. This research was conducted as applied research to develop new products of environmentally friendly materials by utilizing fly ash and employed for infrastructure development, particularly for the production of end products such as Curbs, Pavement Bricks, and Wall Bricks. Three types of end products with various dimensions and mix designs have been made and tested in the laboratory, resulting in quantitative datasets to be used for identifying patterns and relationships among density, compressive strength, flexural strength, and water absorption. The result found that geopolymer binders can be used for the production of curbs, pavement bricks, and wall bricks. Geopolymer curbs have an average compressive strength of 19,36 MPa, which can be determined as K-233 concrete. Geopolymer pavement bricks have an average compressive strength of 20,79 MPa. It can be used in parking areas and determined as the grade B of pavement bricks according to SNI 03-0691-1996. Geopolymer wall bricks have an average compressive strength of 11,24 MPa, which can be determined as the grade I of Wall Bricks according to SNI 03-0349-1989. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorption" title="absorption">absorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title=" compressive strength"> compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curbs" title=" curbs"> curbs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=end%20products" title=" end products"> end products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geopolymer" title=" geopolymer"> geopolymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pavement%20bricks" title=" pavement bricks"> pavement bricks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wall%20bricks" title=" wall bricks"> wall bricks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190194/fly-ash-based-geopolymer-concrete-as-curbs-pavement-bricks-and-wall-bricks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190194.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">42</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1586</span> Effective Solvents for Proteins Recovery from Microalgae</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Win%20Nee%20Phong">Win Nee Phong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tau%20Chuan%20Ling"> Tau Chuan Ling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pau%20Loke%20Show"> Pau Loke Show</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> From an industrial perspective, the exploitation of microalgae for protein source is of great economical and commercial interest due to numerous attractive characteristics. Nonetheless, the release of protein from microalgae is limited by the multiple layers of the rigid thick cell wall that generally contain a large proportion of cellulose. Thus an efficient cell disruption process is required to rupture the cell wall. The conventional downstream processing methods which typically involve several unit operational steps such as disruption, isolation, extraction, concentration and purification are energy-intensive and costly. To reduce the overall cost and establish a feasible technology for the success of the large-scale production, microalgal industry today demands a more cost-effective and eco-friendly technique in downstream processing. One of the main challenges to extract the proteins from microalgae is the presence of rigid cell wall. This study aims to provide some guidance on the selection of the efficient solvent to facilitate the proteins released during the cell disruption process. The effects of solvent types such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol and water in rupturing the microalgae cell wall were studied. It is interesting to know that water is the most effective solvent to recover proteins from microalgae and the cost is cheapest among all other solvents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green" title="green">green</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgae" title=" microalgae"> microalgae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein" title=" protein"> protein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solvents" title=" solvents"> solvents</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69387/effective-solvents-for-proteins-recovery-from-microalgae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69387.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1585</span> Amelioration of Lipopolysaccharide Induced Murine Colitis by Cell Wall Contents of Probiotic Lactobacillus Casei: Targeting Immuno-Inflammation and Oxidative Stress</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vishvas%20N.%20Patel">Vishvas N. Patel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehul%20Chorawala"> Mehul Chorawala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, according to the authors best knowledge there are less effective therapeutic agents to limit intestinal mucosa damage associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Clinical studies have shown beneficial effects of several probiotics in patients of IBD. Probiotics are live organisms; confer a health benefit to the host by modulating immunoinflammation and oxidative stress. Although probiotics in murine and human improve disease severity, very little is known about the specific contribution of cell wall contents of probiotics in IBD. Herein, we investigated the ameliorative potential of cell wall contents of Lactobacillus casei (LC) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine colitis. Methods: Colitis was induced in LPS-sensitized rats by intracolonic instillation of LPS (50 µg/rat) for consecutive 14 days. Concurrently, cell wall contents isolated from 103, 106 and 109 CFU of LC was given subcutaneously to each rat for 21 days, considering sulfasalazine (100 mg/kg, p.o.) as standard. The severity of colitis was assessed by body weight loss, food intake, stool consistency, rectal bleeding, colon weight/length, spleen weight and histological analysis. Colonic inflammatory markers (myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, C-reactive protein and proinflammatory cytokines) and oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione and nitric oxide) were also assayed. Results: Cell wall contents of isolated from 106 and 109 CFU of LC significantly improved the severity of colitis by reducing body weight loss and diarrhea & bleeding incidence, improving food intake, colon weight/length, spleen weight and microscopic damage to the colonic mucosa. The treatment also reduced levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers and boosted antioxidant molecule. However, cell wall contents of isolated from 103 were ineffective. Conclusion: In conclusion, cell wall contents of LC attenuate LPS-induced colitis by modulating immuno-inflammation and oxidative stress. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probiotics" title="probiotics">probiotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lactobacillus%20casei" title=" Lactobacillus casei"> Lactobacillus casei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immuno-inflammation" title=" immuno-inflammation"> immuno-inflammation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidative%20stress" title=" oxidative stress"> oxidative stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipopolysaccharide" title=" lipopolysaccharide"> lipopolysaccharide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colitis" title=" colitis"> colitis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157252/amelioration-of-lipopolysaccharide-induced-murine-colitis-by-cell-wall-contents-of-probiotic-lactobacillus-casei-targeting-immuno-inflammation-and-oxidative-stress" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157252.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1584</span> Numerical Evaluation of Shear Strength for Cold-Formed Steel Shear Wall Panel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rouaz%20Idriss">Rouaz Idriss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bourahla%20Nour-Eddine"> Bourahla Nour-Eddine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kahlouche%20Farah"> Kahlouche Farah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafa%20Sid%20Ali"> Rafa Sid Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The stability of structures made of light-gauge steel depends highly on the contribution of Shear Wall Panel (SWP) systems under horizontal forces due to wind or earthquake loads. Steel plate sheathing is often used with these panels made of cold formed steel (CFS) to improve its shear strength. In order to predict the shear strength resistance, two methods are presented in this paper. In the first method, the steel plate sheathing is modeled with plats strip taking into account only the tension and compression force due to the horizontal load, where both track and stud are modeled according to the geometrical and mechanical characteristics of the specimen used in the experiments. The theoretical background and empirical formulations of this method are presented in this paper. However, the second method is based on a micro modeling of the cold formed steel Shear Wall Panel “CFS-SWP” using Abaqus software. A nonlinear analysis was carried out with an in-plan monotonic load. Finally, the comparison between these two methods shows that the micro modeling with Abaqus gives better prediction of shear resistance of SWP than strips method. However, the latter is easier and less time consuming than the micro modeling method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold%20formed%20steel%20%27CFS%27" title="cold formed steel 'CFS'">cold formed steel 'CFS'</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20wall%20panel" title=" shear wall panel"> shear wall panel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strip%20method" title=" strip method"> strip method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20elements" title=" finite elements"> finite elements</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46456/numerical-evaluation-of-shear-strength-for-cold-formed-steel-shear-wall-panel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46456.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1583</span> Management of Empty Containers by Consignees in the Hinterland</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benjamin%20Legros">Benjamin Legros</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Fransoo"> Jan Fransoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oualid%20Jouini"> Oualid Jouini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to evaluate street-turn strategies for empty container repositioning in the hinterland. Containers arrive over time at the (importer) consignee, while the demand for containers arises from the (exporter) shipper. A match can be operated between an empty container from the consignee and the load from the shipper. Therefore, we model the system as a double-ended queue with non-zero matching time and a limited number of resources in order to optimize the reposition- ing decisions. We determine the performance measures when the consignee operates using a fixed withholding threshold policy. We show that the matching time mainly plays a role in the matching proportion, while under a certain duration, it only marginally impacts the consignee’s inventory policy and cost per container. Also, the withholding level is mainly determined by the shipper’s production rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=container" title="container">container</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double-ended%20queue" title=" double-ended queue"> double-ended queue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inventory" title=" inventory"> inventory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markov%20decision%20process" title=" Markov decision process"> Markov decision process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-zero%20matching%20time" title=" non-zero matching time"> non-zero matching time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street-turn" title=" street-turn"> street-turn</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159800/management-of-empty-containers-by-consignees-in-the-hinterland" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159800.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1582</span> A Feasibility Study of Replacing High Pressure Mercury Vapor and Sodium Vapor Lamp Street Lighting Bulbs with LEDs in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olusola%20Olorunfemi%20Bamisile">Olusola Olorunfemi Bamisile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Dagbasi"> Mustafa Dagbasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serkan%20Abbasoglu"> Serkan Abbasoglu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Feasibility of an Energy Audit program is the main aim of this paper. LEDs are used to replace Sodium Vapor lamps and High Pressured Mercury Vapor lamps that are currently used for the street lighting system in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. 44% of the fossil fuels imported into Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus are used for electricity generation which makes the reduction in the consumption of electricity very important. This project will save as much as 40,206,210 kWh on site annually and 121,837,000 kWh can be saved from source. The economic environmental and fossil fuels saving of this project is also evaluated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20conservation%20management" title="energy conservation management">energy conservation management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LEDs" title=" LEDs"> LEDs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20vapor" title=" sodium vapor"> sodium vapor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20pressure%20mercury%20vapor" title=" high pressure mercury vapor"> high pressure mercury vapor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20costing" title=" life cycle costing"> life cycle costing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35706/a-feasibility-study-of-replacing-high-pressure-mercury-vapor-and-sodium-vapor-lamp-street-lighting-bulbs-with-leds-in-turkish-republic-of-northern-cyprus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35706.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">471</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1581</span> New Product Development Typologies: An Analysis of Publications and Citations between 1992 and 2012</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Paula%20Vilas%20Boas%20Viveiros%20Lopes">Ana Paula Vilas Boas Viveiros Lopes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marly%20Monteiro%20de%20Carvalho"> Marly Monteiro de Carvalho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The new product development for decades has favored companies that can put their products to market quickly and efficiently, providing sustainable competitive advantage difficult to be achieved by their competitors. This paper presents the outcomes of a systematic review of the literature relating to new product development that was published between 1992 and 2012. A hybrid methodological approach that combines bibliometrics, content analysis and semantic analysis was applied. The review discusses the publication patterns, focusing on aspects related to scientific collaboration. The results show that the main academic journal that discusses this theme is “Journal of Product Innovation Management”. Although the first paper relating to this theme was published in 1992, the number of publications on the subject only began to increase substantially in 1999. Most of the studies reviewed in this paper applied qualitative research methods, indicating that most of the research on the theme is still in an exploratory phase. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=project%20type" title="project type">project type</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=project%20typology" title=" project typology"> project typology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20product%20development" title=" new product development"> new product development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20competitive%20advantage" title=" sustainable competitive advantage"> sustainable competitive advantage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6850/new-product-development-typologies-an-analysis-of-publications-and-citations-between-1992-and-2012" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6850.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">453</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1580</span> Research Activity in Computational Science Using High Performance Computing: Co-Authorship Network Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sul-Ah%20Ahn">Sul-Ah Ahn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youngim%20Jung"> Youngim Jung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The research activities of the computational scientists using high-performance computing are analyzed using bibliometric approaches. This study aims at providing computational scientists using high-performance computing and relevant policy planners with useful bibliometric results for an assessment of research activities. In order to achieve this purpose, we carried out a co-authorship network analysis of journal articles to assess the research activities of computational scientists using high-performance computing as a case study. For this study, we used journal articles of the Scopus database from Elsevier covering the time period of 2006-2015. We extracted the author rank in the computational science field using high-performance computing by the number of papers published during ten years from 2006. Finally, we drew the co-authorship network for 50 top-authors and their coauthors and described some features of the co-authorship network in relation to the author rank. Suggestions for further studies are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-authorship%20network%20analysis" title="co-authorship network analysis">co-authorship network analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20science" title=" computational science"> computational science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20performance%20computing" title=" high performance computing"> high performance computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=research%20activity" title=" research activity"> research activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52665/research-activity-in-computational-science-using-high-performance-computing-co-authorship-network-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52665.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1579</span> Compliance of Systematic Reviews in Ophthalmology with the PRISMA Statement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seon-Young%20Lee">Seon-Young Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harkiran%20Sagoo"> Harkiran Sagoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reem%20Farwana"> Reem Farwana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katharine%20Whitehurst"> Katharine Whitehurst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alex%20Fowler"> Alex Fowler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riaz%20Agha"> Riaz Agha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background/Aims: Systematic reviews and meta-analysis are becoming increasingly important way of summarizing research evidence. Researches in ophthalmology may represent further challenges, due to their potential complexity in study design. The aim of our study was to determine the reporting quality of systematic reviews and meta-analysis in ophthalmology with the PRISMA statement, by assessing the articles published between 2010 and 2015 from five major journals with the highest impact factor. Methods: MEDLINE and EMBASE were used to search systematic reviews published between January 2010 and December 2015, in 5 major ophthalmology journals: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, Ophthalmology, Archives of Ophthalmology, American Journal of Ophthalmology, Journal of the American Optometric Association. Screening, identification, and scoring of articles were performed independently by two teams, followed by statistical analysis including the median, range, and 95% CIs. Results: 115 articles were involved. The median PRISMA score was 15 of 27 items (56%), with a range of 5-26 (19-96%) and 95% CI 13.9-16.1 (51-60%). Compliance was highest in items related to the description of rationale (item 3,100%) and inclusion of a structured summary in the abstract (item 2, 90%), while poorest in indication of review protocol and registration (item 5, 9%), specification of risk of bias affecting the cumulative evidence (item 15, 24%) and description of clear objectives in introduction (item 4, 26%). Conclusion: The reporting quality of systematic reviews and meta-analysis in ophthalmology need significant improvement. While the use of PRISMA criteria as a guideline before journal submission is recommended, additional research identifying potential barriers may be required to improve the compliance to the PRISMA guidelines. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systematic%20reviews" title="systematic reviews">systematic reviews</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meta-analysis" title=" meta-analysis"> meta-analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=research%20methodology" title=" research methodology"> research methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reporting%20quality" title=" reporting quality"> reporting quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PRISMA" title=" PRISMA"> PRISMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ophthalmology" title=" ophthalmology"> ophthalmology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70610/compliance-of-systematic-reviews-in-ophthalmology-with-the-prisma-statement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70610.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1578</span> A Topological Study of an Urban Street Network and Its Use in Heritage Areas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jose%20L.%20Oliver">Jose L. Oliver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taras%20Agryzkov"> Taras Agryzkov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leandro%20Tortosa"> Leandro Tortosa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jose%20F.%20Vicent"> Jose F. Vicent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javier%20Santacruz"> Javier Santacruz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to demonstrate how a topological study of an urban street network can be used as a tool to be applied to some heritage conservation areas in a city. In the last decades, we find different kinds of approaches in the discipline of Architecture and Urbanism based in the so-called Sciences of Complexity. In this context, this paper uses mathematics from the Network Theory. Hence, it proposes a methodology based in obtaining information from a graph, which is created from a network of urban streets. Then, it is used an algorithm that establishes a ranking of importance of the nodes of that network, from its topological point of view. The results are applied to a heritage area in a particular city, confronting the data obtained from the mathematical model, with the ones from the field work in the case study. As a result of this process, we may conclude the necessity of implementing some actions in the area, and where those actions would be more effective for the whole heritage site. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphs" title="graphs">graphs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heritage%20cities" title=" heritage cities"> heritage cities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20analysis" title=" spatial analysis"> spatial analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20networks" title=" urban networks"> urban networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67220/a-topological-study-of-an-urban-street-network-and-its-use-in-heritage-areas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67220.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1577</span> Thermodynamic Performance Tests for 3D Printed Steel Slag Powder Concrete Walls</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Guoyou">Li Guoyou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhang%20Tao"> Zhang Tao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji%20Wenzhan"> Ji Wenzhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huo%20Liang"> Huo Liang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lin%20Xiqiang"> Lin Xiqiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhang%20Nan"> Zhang Nan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The three dimensional (3D) printing technology has undergone rapid development in the last few years and it is possible to print engineering structures. 3D printing buildings use wastes from constructions, industries and mine tailings as “ink”, and mix it with property improved materials, such as cement, fiber etc. This paper presents a study of the Thermodynamic performance of 3D printed walls using cement and steel slag powder. Analyses the thermal simulation regarding 3D printed walls and solid brick wall by the way of the hot-box methods and the infrared technology, and the results were contrasted with theoretical calculation. The results show that the excellent thermodynamic performance of 3D printed concrete wall made it suitable as the partial materials for self-thermal insulation walls in residential buildings. The thermodynamic performance of 3D printed concrete walls depended on the density of materials, distribution of holes, and the filling materials. Decreasing the density of materials, increasing the number of holes or replacing the filling materials with foamed concrete could improve its thermodynamic performance significantly. The average of heat transfer coefficient and thermal inertia index of 3D printed steel slag powder concrete wall all better than the traditional solid brick wall with a thickness of 240mm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title="concrete">concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20printed%20walls" title=" 3D printed walls"> 3D printed walls</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermodynamic%20performance" title=" thermodynamic performance"> thermodynamic performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20slag%20powder" title=" steel slag powder"> steel slag powder</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92165/thermodynamic-performance-tests-for-3d-printed-steel-slag-powder-concrete-walls" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92165.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">188</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1576</span> Ballistic Performance of Magnesia Panels and Modular Wall Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khin%20Thandar%20Soe">Khin Thandar Soe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Stephen%20Pulham"> Mark Stephen Pulham</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ballistic building materials play a crucial role in ensuring the safety of the occupants within protective structures. Traditional options like Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)-based walls, including reinforced concrete walls, precast concrete walls, masonry walls, and concrete blocks, are frequently employed for ballistic protection, but they have several drawbacks such as being thick, heavy, costly, and challenging to construct. On the other hand, glass and composite materials offer lightweight and easier construction alternatives, but they come with a high price tag. There has been no reported test data on magnesium-based ballistic wall panels or modular wall systems so far. This paper presents groundbreaking small arms test data related to the development of the world’s first magnesia cement ballistic wall panels and modular wall system. Non-hydraulic magnesia cement exhibits several superior properties, such as lighter weight, flexibility, acoustics, and fire performance, compared to the traditional Portland Cement. However, magnesia cement is hydrophilic and may degrade in prolonged contact with water. In this research, modified magnesia cement for water resistant and durability from UBIQ Technology is applied. The specimens are made of a modified magnesia cement formula and prepared in the Laboratory of UBIQ Technology Pty Ltd. The specimens vary in thickness, and the tests cover various small arms threats in compliance with standards AS/NZS2343 and UL752 and are performed up to the maximum threat level of Classification R2 (NATO) and UL-Level 8(NATO) by the Accredited Test Centre, BMT (Ballistic and Mechanical Testing, VIC, Australia). In addition, the results of the test conducted on the specimens subjected to the small 12mm diameter steel ball projectile impact generated by a gas gun are also presented and discussed in this paper. Gas gun tests were performed in UNSW@ADFA, Canberra, Australia. The tested results of the magnesia panels and wall systems are compared with one of concrete and other wall panels documented in the literature. The conclusion drawn is that magnesia panels and wall systems exhibit several advantages over traditional OPC-based wall systems, and they include being lighter, thinner, and easier to construct, all while providing equivalent protection against threats. This makes magnesia cement-based materials a compelling choice of application where efficiency and performance are critical to create a protective environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ballistics" title="ballistics">ballistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20arms" title=" small arms"> small arms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20gun" title=" gas gun"> gas gun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=projectile" title=" projectile"> projectile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact" title=" impact"> impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wall%20panels" title=" wall panels"> wall panels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modular" title=" modular"> modular</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnesia%20cement" title=" magnesia cement"> magnesia cement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182932/ballistic-performance-of-magnesia-panels-and-modular-wall-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182932.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1575</span> Microbial Analysis of Street Vended Ready-to-Eat Meat around Thohoyandou Area, Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, RSA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tshimangadzo%20Jeanette%20Raedani">Tshimangadzo Jeanette Raedani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edgar%20Musie"> Edgar Musie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afsatou%20Traore"> Afsatou Traore</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Street-vended meats, including chicken, pork, and beef, are popular in urban areas worldwide due to their convenience and affordability. However, these meats often pose a significant risk of foodborne diseases. The high water activity, protein content, and nearly neutral pH of meat create conditions conducive to the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Street foods, particularly meats, are frequently linked to outbreaks of foodborne illnesses due to potential contamination from improper handling and preparation. This study aimed to assess the microbial quality and safety of street-vended ready-to-eat meat sold in the Thohoyandou area. Method: The study involved collecting 168 samples of street-vended meat, split evenly between chicken (n=84) and beef (n=84), from various vendors around Thohoyandou. The samples were randomly selected and transported in sterile conditions to the Department of Food Microbiology at the University of Venda for analysis. Each 10-gram sample was cultured in selective media: MSA for Staphylococcus aureus, EMB for E. coli O157, XLD agar for Salmonella, and Sorbitol McConkey for Shigella. After initial culturing, the presumptive colonies were sub-cultured for purification and identified through Gram staining and biochemical tests, including Catalase, API 20E, Klingler Iron Agar Test, and Vitek 2 system. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested using agents such as Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol, Penicillin, Neomycin, Tetracycline, Streptomycin, and Amoxicillin. Molecular characterization was performed to identify E. coli pathotypes using multiplex PCR. Results: Out of 168 samples tested, 32 (19%) were positive for Staphylococcus spp., with the highest prevalence found in cooked chicken meat. The most common staphylococcus species identified were S. xylosus (13.2%) and S. saprophyticus (10.5%). E. coli was present in 29 (19.3%) of the samples, with the highest prevalence in fried chicken. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that 100% of E. coli isolates were resistant to Ampicillin, Tetracycline, and Penicillin, but 100% were susceptible to Neomycin. Staphylococcus spp. isolates were also 100% resistant to Ampicillin and 100% susceptible to Neomycin. The study detected a range of virulence genes in E. coli, with prevalence rates from 13.33% to 86.67%. The identified pathotypes included EPEC, EHEC, ETEC, EAEC, and EIEC, with many isolates showing mixed pathotypes. Conclusion: The study highlighted that the microbial quality and safety of street-vended meats in Thohoyandou are inadequate, rendering them unsafe for consumption. The presence of pathogenic microorganisms in both beef and chicken samples indicates significant risks associated with poor personal hygiene and food preparation practices. This underscores the need for improved monitoring and stricter food safety measures to prevent foodborne diseases and ensure consumer safety. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meat" title="meat">meat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20analysis" title=" microbial analysis"> microbial analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20vendors" title=" street vendors"> street vendors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20coli" title=" E. coli"> E. coli</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190231/microbial-analysis-of-street-vended-ready-to-eat-meat-around-thohoyandou-area-vhembe-district-limpopo-province-rsa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190231.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">35</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1574</span> Using Action Research to Digitize Theses and Journal Articles at the Main Library, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nabhan%20H.%20N.%20Al-Harrasi">Nabhan H. N. Al-Harrasi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Action Research (AR) plays an important role in improving the problematical situation. It is a process that enhances thinking and practise and bridges the gap between abstract and concrete thinking. Nowadays, AR as a methodology is wildly used to implement projects based on understanding the needs of owners, considering the organizational culture, meeting the requirements, encouraging partnership, representing different viewpoints, and building the project. This research describes the whole processes of digitizing Post-graduate theses and all articles published in 6 Journals at Sultan Qaboos University. AR implemented to respond to the university needs to enhance accessibilities to its information resources and make them available through the national repository. In order to prepare the action plan, the library administration met to discuss several points related to the proposed project, the most important of which are: • Providing digitalization devices. • Locating a specific part of the Library as a Digitization Unit. • Choosing a team. • Defining tasks. • Implementing the proposed project and evaluating the whole processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=action%20research" title="action research">action research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digitization" title=" digitization"> digitization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Theses" title=" Theses"> Theses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Journal%20articles" title=" Journal articles"> Journal articles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20access" title=" open access"> open access</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oman" title=" Oman"> Oman</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142821/using-action-research-to-digitize-theses-and-journal-articles-at-the-main-library-sultan-qaboos-university-oman" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142821.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1573</span> Study of Bored Pile Retaining Wall Using Physical Modeling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amin%20Eslami">Amin Eslami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jafar%20Bolouri%20Bazaz"> Jafar Bolouri Bazaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Excavation and retaining walls are of challenging issues in civil engineering. In this study, the behavior of one the important type of supporting systems called Contiguous Bored Pile (CBP) retaining wall is investigated using a physical model. Besides, a comparison is made between two modes of free end piles(soft bed) and fixed end piles (stiff bed). Also a back calculation of effective length (the real free length of pile) is done by measuring lateral deflection of piles in different stages of excavation in both a forementioned cases. Based on observed results, for the fixed end mode, the effective length to free length ratio (Leff/L0) is equal to unity in initial stages of excavation and less than 1 in its final stages in a decreasing manner. While this ratio for free end mode, remains constant during all stages of excavation and is always less than unity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contiguous%20bored%20pile%20wall" title="contiguous bored pile wall">contiguous bored pile wall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20length" title=" effective length"> effective length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixed%20end" title=" fixed end"> fixed end</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20end" title=" free end"> free end</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20length" title=" free length"> free length</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19410/study-of-bored-pile-retaining-wall-using-physical-modeling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19410.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1572</span> Revisiting Pedestrians’ Appraisals of Urban Streets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norhaslina%20Hassan">Norhaslina Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sherina%20Rezvanipour"> Sherina Rezvanipour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amirhosein%20Ghaffarian%20Hoseini"> Amirhosein Ghaffarian Hoseini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ng%20Siew%20Cheok"> Ng Siew Cheok</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The walkability features of urban streets are prominent factors that are often focused on achieving a pedestrian-friendly environment. The limited attention that walkability enhancements devote to pedestrians' experiences or perceptions, on the other hand, raises the question of whether walkability enhancement is sufficient for pedestrians to enjoy using the streets. Thus, this paper evaluates the relationship between the socio-physical components of urban streets and pedestrians’ perceptions. A total of 1152 pedestrians from five urban streets in two major Malaysian cities, Kuala Lumpur, and George Town, Penang, participated in this study. In particular, this study used pedestrian preference scores towards socio-physical attributes that exist in urban streets to assess their impact on pedestrians’ appraisals of street likeability, comfort, and safety. Through analysis, the principal component analysis extracted eight socio-physical components, which were then tested via an ordinal regression model to identify their impact on pedestrian street likeability, comfort (visual, auditory, haptic and olfactory), and safety (physical safety, environmental safety, and security). Furthermore, a non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test was used to identify whether the results were subjected to any socio-demographic differences. The results found that all eight components had some degree of effect on the appraisals. It was also revealed that pedestrians’ preferences towards the attributes as well as their appraisals significantly varied based on their age, gender, ethnicity and education. These results and their implications for urban planning are further discussed in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedestrian%20appraisal" title="pedestrian appraisal">pedestrian appraisal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedestrian%20perception" title=" pedestrian perception"> pedestrian perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20sociophysical%20attributes" title=" street sociophysical attributes"> street sociophysical attributes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=walking%20experience" title=" walking experience"> walking experience</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155814/revisiting-pedestrians-appraisals-of-urban-streets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155814.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1571</span> Development Process and Design Methods for Shared Spaces in Europe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazuyasu%20Yoshino">Kazuyasu Yoshino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keita%20Yamaguchi"> Keita Yamaguchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshihiko%20Nishimura"> Toshihiko Nishimura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masashi%20Kawasaki"> Masashi Kawasaki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Shared Space, the planning and design concept that allows pedestrians and vehicles to coexist in a street space, has been advocated and developed according to the traffic conditions in each country in Europe. Especially in German/French-speaking countries, the "Meeting Zone," which is a traffic rule combining speed regulation (20km/h) and pedestrian priority, is often applied when designing shared spaces at intersections, squares, and streets in the city center. In this study, the process of establishment and development of the Meeting Zone in Switzerland, France, and Austria was chronologically organized based on the descriptions in the major discourse and guidelines in each country. Then, the characteristics of the spatial design were extracted by analyzing representative examples of Meeting Zone applications. Finally, the relationships between the different approaches to designing of Meeting Zone and traffic regulations in different countries were discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shared%20space" title="shared space">shared space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20calming" title=" traffic calming"> traffic calming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meeting%20zone" title=" meeting zone"> meeting zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20design" title=" street design"> street design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164181/development-process-and-design-methods-for-shared-spaces-in-europe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164181.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1570</span> [Keynote Talk]: Surveillance of Food Safety Compliance of Hong Kong Street Food</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mabel%20Y.%20C.%20Yau">Mabel Y. C. Yau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roy%20C.%20F.%20Lai"> Roy C. F. Lai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hugo%20Y.%20H.%20Or"> Hugo Y. H. Or</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is a pilot surveillance of hygiene compliance and food microbial safety of both licensed and mobile vendors selling Chinese ready–to-eat snack foods in Hong Kong. The study reflects similar situations in running mobile food vending business on trucks. Hong Kong is about to launch the Food Truck Pilot Scheme by the end of 2016 or early 2017. Technically, selling food on the vehicle is no different from hawking food on the street or vending food on the street. Each type of business bears similar food safety issues and cast the same impact on public health. Present findings demonstrate exemplarily situations that also apply to food trucks. 9 types of Cantonese style snacks of 32 samples in total were selected for microbial screening. A total of 16 vending sites including supermarkets, street markets, and snack stores were visited. The study finally focused on a traditional snack, the steamed rice cake with red beans called Put Chai Ko (PCK). PCK is a type of classical Cantonese pastry sold on push carts on the street. It used to be sold at room temperature and served with bamboo sticks in the old days. Some shops would have them sold steam fresh. Microbial examinations on aerobic counts, yeast, and mould, coliform, salmonella as well as Staphylococcus aureus detections were carried out. Salmonella was not detected in all samples. Since PCK does not contain ingredients of beef, poultry, eggs or dairy products, the risk of the presence of Salmonella in PCK was relatively lower although other source of contamination might be possible. Coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus was found in 6 of the 14 samples sold at room temperature. Among these 6 samples, 3 were PCK. One of the samples was in an unacceptable range of total colony forming units higher than 105. The rest were only satisfactory. Observational evaluations were made with checklists on personal hygiene, premises hygiene, food safety control, food storage, cleaning and sanitization as well as waste disposals. The maximum score was 25 if total compliance were obtained. The highest score among vendors was 20. Three stores were below average, and two of these stores were selling PCK. Most of the non-compliances were on food processing facilities, sanitization conditions and waste disposal. In conclusion, although no food poisoning outbreaks happened during the time of the investigation, the risk of food hazard existed in these stores, especially among street vendors. Attention is needed in the traditional practice of food selling, and that food handlers might not have sufficient knowledge to properly handle food products. Variations in food qualities existed among supply chains or franchise eateries or shops. It was commonly observed that packaging and storage conditions are not properly enforced in the retails. The same situation could be reflected across the food business. It did indicate need of food safety training in the industry and loopholes in quality control among business. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cantonese%20snacks" title="cantonese snacks">cantonese snacks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20safety" title=" food safety"> food safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial" title=" microbial"> microbial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hygiene" title=" hygiene"> hygiene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20food" title=" street food"> street food</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57554/keynote-talk-surveillance-of-food-safety-compliance-of-hong-kong-street-food" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57554.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1569</span> Multi-Modality Imaging of Aggressive Hoof Wall Neoplasia in Two Horses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hannah%20Nagel">Hannah Nagel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayley%20Lang"> Hayley Lang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Albert%20Sole%20Guitart"> Albert Sole Guitart</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natasha%20Lean"> Natasha Lean</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachel%20Allavena"> Rachel Allavena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cleide%20Sprohnie-Barrera"> Cleide Sprohnie-Barrera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alex%20Young"> Alex Young</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aggressive neoplasia of the hoof is a rare occurrence in horses and has been only sporadically described in the literature. In the few cases reported intra-hoof wall, aggressive neoplasia has been documented radiographically and has been described with variable imaging characteristics. These include a well-defined osteolytic area, a smoothly outlined semi-circular defect, an extensive draining tract beneath the hoof wall, as well as an additional large area of osteolysis or an extensive central lytic region. A 20-year-old Quarterhorse gelding and a 10-year-old Thoroughbred gelding were both presented for chronic reoccurring lameness in the left forelimb and left hindlimb, respectively. Both of the cases displayed radiographic lesions that have been previously described but also displayed osteoproliferative expansile regions of additional bone formation. Changes associated with hoof neoplasia are often non-specific due to the nature and capacity of bone to react to pathological insult, which is either to proliferate or be absorbed. Both cases depict and describe imaging findings seen on radiography, contrast radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging before reaching a histological diagnosis of malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Although aggressive hoof wall neoplasia is rare, there are some imaging features which may raise our index of suspicion for an aggressive hoof wall lesion. This case report documents two horses with similar imaging findings who underwent multiple assessments, surgical interventions, and imaging modalities with a final diagnosis of malignant neoplasia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horse" title="horse">horse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hoof" title=" hoof"> hoof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imaging" title=" imaging"> imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiography" title=" radiography"> radiography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neoplasia" title=" neoplasia"> neoplasia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134173/multi-modality-imaging-of-aggressive-hoof-wall-neoplasia-in-two-horses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134173.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1568</span> Natural Convection in Wavy-Wall Cavities Filled with Power-Law Fluid</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cha%E2%80%99o-Kuang%20Chen">Cha’o-Kuang Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ching-Chang%20Cho"> Ching-Chang Cho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the natural convection heat transfer performance in a complex-wavy-wall cavity filled with power-law fluid. In performing the simulations, the continuity, Cauchy momentum and energy equations are solved subject to the Boussinesq approximation using a finite volume method. The simulations focus specifically on the effects of the flow behavior index in the power-law model and the Rayleigh number on the flow streamlines, isothermal contours and mean Nusselt number within the cavity. The results show that pseudoplastic fluids have a better heat transfer performance than Newtonian or dilatant fluids. Moreover, it is shown that for Rayleigh numbers greater than Ra=103, the mean Nusselt number has a significantly increase as the flow behavior index is decreased. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-Newtonian%20fluid" title="non-Newtonian fluid">non-Newtonian fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power-law%20fluid" title=" power-law fluid"> power-law fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20convection" title=" natural convection"> natural convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer%20enhancement" title=" heat transfer enhancement"> heat transfer enhancement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cavity" title=" cavity"> cavity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavy%20wall" title=" wavy wall"> wavy wall</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6789/natural-convection-in-wavy-wall-cavities-filled-with-power-law-fluid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6789.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1567</span> Semi Empirical Equations for Peak Shear Strength of Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Walls</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Kezmane">Ali Kezmane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Said%20Boukais"> Said Boukais</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohand%20Hamizi"> Mohand Hamizi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an analytical study on the behavior of reinforced concrete walls with rectangular cross section. Several experiments on such walls have been selected to be studied. Database from various experiments were collected and nominal shear wall strengths have been calculated using formulas, such as those of the ACI (American), NZS (New Zealand), Mexican (NTCC), and Wood and Barda equations. Subsequently, nominal shear wall strengths from the formulas were compared with the ultimate shear wall strengths from the database. These formulas vary substantially in functional form and do not account for all variables that affect the response of walls. There is substantial scatter in the predicted values of ultimate shear strength. Two new semi empirical equations are developed using data from tests of 57 walls for transitions walls and 27 for slender walls with the objective of improving the prediction of peak strength of walls with the most possible accurate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20strength" title="shear strength">shear strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete%20walls" title=" reinforced concrete walls"> reinforced concrete walls</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rectangular%20walls" title=" rectangular walls"> rectangular walls</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20walls" title=" shear walls"> shear walls</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=models" title=" models "> models </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12121/semi-empirical-equations-for-peak-shear-strength-of-rectangular-reinforced-concrete-walls" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12121.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1566</span> Ultimate Strength Prediction of Shear Walls with an Aspect Ratio between One and Two</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Said%20Boukais">Said Boukais</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Kezmane"> Ali Kezmane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kahil%20Amar"> Kahil Amar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohand%20Hamizi"> Mohand Hamizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hannachi%20Neceur%20Eddine"> Hannachi Neceur Eddine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an analytical study on the behavior of rectangular reinforced concrete walls with an aspect ratio between one and tow. Several experiments on such walls have been selected to be studied. Database from various experiments were collected and nominal wall strengths have been calculated using formulas, such as those of the ACI (American), NZS (New Zealand), Mexican (NTCC), and Wood equation for shear and strain compatibility analysis for flexure. Subsequently, nominal ultimate wall strengths from the formulas were compared with the ultimate wall strengths from the database. These formulas vary substantially in functional form and do not account for all variables that affect the response of walls. There is substantial scatter in the predicted values of ultimate strength. New semi empirical equation are developed using data from tests of 46 walls with the objective of improving the prediction of ultimate strength of walls with the most possible accuracy and for all failure modes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prediction" title="prediction">prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultimate%20strength" title=" ultimate strength"> ultimate strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete%20walls" title=" reinforced concrete walls"> reinforced concrete walls</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=walls" title=" walls"> walls</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rectangular%20walls" title=" rectangular walls"> rectangular walls</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29930/ultimate-strength-prediction-of-shear-walls-with-an-aspect-ratio-between-one-and-two" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29930.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1565</span> Evaluation of Forming Properties on AA 5052 Aluminium Alloy by Incremental Forming </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Anbu%20Raj">A. Anbu Raj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Mugendiren"> V. Mugendiren</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sheet metal forming is a vital manufacturing process used in automobile, aerospace, agricultural industries, etc. Incremental forming is a promising process providing a short and inexpensive way of forming complex three-dimensional parts without using die. The aim of this research is to study the forming behaviour of AA 5052, Aluminium Alloy, using incremental forming and also to study the FLD of cone shape AA 5052 Aluminium Alloy at room temperature and various annealing temperature. Initially the surface roughness and wall thickness through incremental forming on AA 5052 Aluminium Alloy sheet at room temperature is optimized by controlling the effects of forming parameters. The central composite design (CCD) was utilized to plan the experiment. The step depth, feed rate, and spindle speed were considered as input parameters in this study. The surface roughness and wall thickness were used as output response. The process performances such as average thickness and surface roughness were evaluated. The optimized results are taken for minimum surface roughness and maximum wall thickness. The optimal results are determined based on response surface methodology and the analysis of variance. Formability Limit Diagram is constructed on AA 5052 Aluminium Alloy at room temperature and various annealing temperature by using optimized process parameters from the response surface methodology. The cone has higher formability than the square pyramid and higher wall thickness distribution. Finally the FLD on cone shape and square pyramid shape at room temperature and the various annealing temperature is compared experimentally and simulated with Abaqus software. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incremental%20forming" title="incremental forming">incremental forming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20surface%20methodology" title=" response surface methodology"> response surface methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wall%20thickness" title=" wall thickness"> wall thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20roughness" title=" surface roughness"> surface roughness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66474/evaluation-of-forming-properties-on-aa-5052-aluminium-alloy-by-incremental-forming" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66474.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1564</span> Influence of Surface Fault Rupture on Dynamic Behavior of Cantilever Retaining Wall: A Numerical Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Partha%20Sarathi%20Nayek">Partha Sarathi Nayek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhiparna%20Dasgupta"> Abhiparna Dasgupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maheshreddy%20Gade"> Maheshreddy Gade</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Earth retaining structure plays a vital role in stabilizing unstable road cuts and slopes in the mountainous region. The retaining structures located in seismically active regions like the Himalayas may experience moderate to severe earthquakes. An earthquake produces two kinds of ground motion: permanent quasi-static displacement (fault rapture) on the fault rupture plane and transient vibration, traveling a long distance. There has been extensive research work to understand the dynamic behavior of retaining structures subjected to transient ground motions. However, understanding the effect caused by fault rapture phenomena on retaining structures is limited. The presence of shallow crustal active faults and natural slopes in the Himalayan region further highlights the need to study the response of retaining structures subjected to fault rupture phenomena. In this paper, an attempt has been made to understand the dynamic response of the cantilever retaining wall subjected to surface fault rupture. For this purpose, a 2D finite element model consists of a retaining wall, backfill and foundation have been developed using Abaqus 6.14 software. The backfill and foundation material are modeled as per the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, and the wall is modeled as linear elastic. In this present study, the interaction between backfill and wall is modeled as ‘surface-surface contact.’ The entire simulation process is divided into three steps, i.e., the initial step, gravity load step, fault rupture step. The interaction property between wall and soil and fixed boundary condition to all the boundary elements are applied in the initial step. In the next step, gravity load is applied, and the boundary elements are allowed to move in the vertical direction to incorporate the settlement of soil due to the gravity load. In the final step, surface fault rupture has been applied to the wall-backfill system. For this purpose, the foundation is divided into two blocks, namely, the hanging wall block and the footwall block. A finite fault rupture displacement is applied to the hanging wall part while the footwall bottom boundary is kept as fixed. Initially, a numerical analysis is performed considering the reverse fault mechanism with a dip angle of 45°. The simulated result is presented in terms of contour maps of permanent displacements of the wall-backfill system. These maps highlighted that surface fault rupture can induce permanent displacement in both horizontal and vertical directions, which can significantly influence the dynamic behavior of the wall-backfill system. Further, the influence of fault mechanism, dip angle, and surface fault rupture position is also investigated in this work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20fault%20rupture" title="surface fault rupture">surface fault rupture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retaining%20wall" title=" retaining wall"> retaining wall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20response" title=" dynamic response"> dynamic response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134206/influence-of-surface-fault-rupture-on-dynamic-behavior-of-cantilever-retaining-wall-a-numerical-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134206.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1563</span> Effect of Different Ground Motion Scaling Methods on Behavior of 40 Story RC Core Wall Building</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Usman">Muhammad Usman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Munir%20Ahmed"> Munir Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The demand of high-rise buildings has grown fast during the past decades. The design of these buildings by using RC core wall have been widespread nowadays in many countries. The RC core wall (RCCW) buildings encompasses central core wall and boundary columns joined through post tension slab at different floor levels. The core wall often provides greater stiffness as compared to the collective stiffness of the boundary columns. Hence, the core wall dominantly resists lateral loading i.e. wind or earthquake load. Non-linear response history analysis (NLRHA) procedure is the finest seismic design procedure of the times for designing high-rise buildings. The modern design tools for nonlinear response history analysis and performance based design has provided more confidence to design these structures for high-rise buildings. NLRHA requires selection and scaling of ground motions to match design spectrum for site specific conditions. Designers use several techniques for scaling ground motion records (time series). Time domain and frequency domain scaling are most commonly used which comprises their own benefits and drawbacks. Due to lengthy process of NLRHA, application of only one technique is conceivable. To the best of author’s knowledge, no consensus on the best procedures for the selection and scaling of the ground motions is available in literature. This research aims to provide the finest ground motion scaling technique specifically for designing 40 story high-rise RCCW buildings. Seismic response of 40 story RCCW building is checked by applying both the frequency domain and time domain scaling. Variable sites are selected in three critical seismic zones of Pakistan. The results indicates that there is extensive variation in seismic response of building for these scaling. There is still a need to build a consensus on the subjected research by investigating variable sites and buildings heights. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=40-storied%20RC%20core%20wall%20building" title="40-storied RC core wall building">40-storied RC core wall building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20response%20history%20analysis" title=" nonlinear response history analysis"> nonlinear response history analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20motions" title=" ground motions"> ground motions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20domain%20scaling" title=" time domain scaling"> time domain scaling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20domain%20scaling" title=" frequency domain scaling"> frequency domain scaling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100936/effect-of-different-ground-motion-scaling-methods-on-behavior-of-40-story-rc-core-wall-building" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100936.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20wall%20street%20journal&page=9" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20wall%20street%20journal&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20wall%20street%20journal&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span 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