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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>De nomine antiquissimo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_nomine_antiquissimo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-De_nominibus_hodiernis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_nominibus_hodiernis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>De nominibus hodiernis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_nominibus_hodiernis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-De_gentibus_olim_circumiacentibus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_gentibus_olim_circumiacentibus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>De gentibus olim circumiacentibus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_gentibus_olim_circumiacentibus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Notae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliographia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliographia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nexus_externi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nexus_externi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Nexus externi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nexus_externi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Index" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pontus Euxinus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 210 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-210" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">210 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%95%D0%B8%D2%9B%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Амшын Еиқәа – Abasca" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Амшын Еиқәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abasca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8B_%D0%A8%D3%80%D1%83%D1%86%D3%80%D1%8D" title="Хы ШӀуцӀэ – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Хы ШӀуцӀэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swartsee" title="Swartsee – Africana" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Swartsee" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Africana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzes_Meer" title="Schwarzes Meer – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Schwarzes Meer" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%A5%E1%89%81%E1%88%AD_%E1%89%A3%E1%88%95%E1%88%AD" title="ጥቁር ባሕር – Amharica" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጥቁር ባሕር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Negra" title="Mar Negra – Aragonensis" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mar Negra" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euxinus" title="Euxinus – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Euxinus" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="काला सागर – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="काला सागर" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF" title="البحر الأسود – Arabica" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="البحر الأسود" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9D%DC%A1%DC%90_%DC%90%DC%98%DC%9F%DC%A1%DC%90" title="ܝܡܐ ܐܘܟܡܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܝܡܐ ܐܘܟܡܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AD%D9%84" title="لبحر لكحل – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لبحر لكحل" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF" title="البحر الاسود – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="البحر الاسود" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%B0" title="কৃষ্ণ সাগৰ – Assamica" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কৃষ্ণ সাগৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Negru" title="Mar Negru – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mar Negru" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="करीया सागर – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="करीया सागर" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qara_d%C9%99niz" title="Qara dəniz – Atropatenica" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qara dəniz" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Atropatenica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="قارا دنیز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قارا دنیز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D2%99" title="Ҡара диңгеҙ – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡара диңгеҙ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segara_Cemeng" title="Segara Cemeng – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Segara Cemeng" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwoazzes_Meea" title="Schwoazzes Meea – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Schwoazzes Meea" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jouduoj%C4%97_j%C5%ABra" title="Jouduojė jūra – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Jouduojė jūra" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagat_Itom" title="Dagat Itom – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Dagat Itom" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Чорнае мора – Ruthenica Alba" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чорнае мора" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Ruthenica Alba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Чорнае мора – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Чорнае мора" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Черно море – Bulgarica" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Черно море" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="काला सागर – Bihari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="काला सागर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bihari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0" title="কৃষ্ণ সাগর – Bengalica" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কৃষ্ণ সাগর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mor_Du" title="Mor Du – Britonica" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mor Du" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Britonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crno_more" title="Crno more – Bosnica" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Crno more" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Хара тэнгис – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хара тэнгис" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Negra" title="Mar Negra – Catalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mar Negra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%AC-h%C4%81i" title="Ŭ-hāi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ŭ-hāi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0_%D1%85%D3%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Ӏаьржа хӀорд – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ӏаьржа хӀорд" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%95%DB%95%D8%B4" title="دەریای ڕەش – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەریای ڕەش" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_neru" title="Mari neru – Corsa" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Mari neru" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qara_de%C3%B1iz" title="Qara deñiz – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Qara deñiz" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cern%C3%A9_mo%C5%99e" title="Černé moře – Bohemica" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Černé moře" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Bohemica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cz%C3%B4rn%C3%A9_M%C3%B2rze" title="Czôrné Mòrze – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Czôrné Mòrze" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%C4%95%D1%81" title="Хура тинĕс – Chuvassica" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хура тинĕс" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvassica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_M%C3%B4r_Du" title="Y Môr Du – Cambrica" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Môr Du" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Cambrica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sortehavet" title="Sortehavet – Danica" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sortehavet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzes_Meer" title="Schwarzes Meer – Germanica" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schwarzes Meer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Germanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deryao_Siya" title="Deryao Siya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Deryao Siya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carne_m%C3%B3rjo" title="Carne mórjo – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Carne mórjo" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="काला सागर – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="काला सागर" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B7_%CE%98%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Μαύρη Θάλασσα – Graeca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαύρη Θάλασσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Graeca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea – Anglica" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Black Sea" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Anglica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigra_maro" title="Nigra maro – Esperantica" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nigra maro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperantica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Negro" title="Mar Negro – Hispanica" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mar Negro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Hispanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Must_meri" title="Must meri – Estonica" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Must meri" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itsaso_Beltza" title="Itsaso Beltza – Vasconica" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Itsaso Beltza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Vasconica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_Negru" title="Mari Negru – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Mari Negru" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87" title="دریای سیاه – Persica" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دریای سیاه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustameri" title="Mustameri – Finnica" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mustameri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Must_meri" title="Must meri – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Must meri" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svartahavi%C3%B0" title="Svartahavið – Faroensis" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Svartahavið" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mer_Noire" title="Mer Noire – Francogallica" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mer Noire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francogallica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_N%C3%AAre" title="Mar Nêre – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Mar Nêre" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suart_Sia" title="Suart Sia – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Suart Sia" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarte_See" title="Swarte See – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Swarte See" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Mhuir_Dhubh" title="An Mhuir Dhubh – Hibernica" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Mhuir Dhubh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Hibernica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kara_deniz" title="Kara deniz – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Kara deniz" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B5%B7" title="黑海 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="黑海" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%27_Mhuir_Dhubh" title="A' Mhuir Dhubh – Scotica" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="A' Mhuir Dhubh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scotica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Negro" title="Mar Negro – Gallaica" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mar Negro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Gallaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A3_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="سيأ دریا – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="سيأ دریا" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Para_H%C5%A9" title="Para Hũ – Guaranica" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Para Hũ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaranica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B3%E0%AB%8B_%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0" title="કાળો સમુદ્ર – Gujaratensis" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કાળો સમુદ્ર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujaratensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Vooir_Ghoo" title="Yn Vooir Ghoo – Monensis" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Vooir Ghoo" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Monensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Black Sea" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%BB-h%C3%B3i" title="Vû-hói – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Vû-hói" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8" title="הים השחור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הים השחור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="काला सागर – Hindica" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="काला सागर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Black Sea" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crno_more" title="Crno more – Croatica" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Crno more" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Corne_morjo" title="Čorne morjo – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Čorne morjo" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fekete-tenger" title="Fekete-tenger – Hungarica" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fekete-tenger" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D6%87_%D5%AE%D5%B8%D5%BE" title="Սև ծով – Armenica" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սև ծով" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A5%D6%82_%D4%BE%D5%B8%D5%BE" title="Սեւ Ծով – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Սեւ Ծով" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Nigre" title="Mar Nigre – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mar Nigre" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Hitam" title="Laut Hitam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Laut Hitam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigri_Mare" title="Nigri Mare – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Nigri Mare" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baybay_Nangisit" title="Baybay Nangisit – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Baybay Nangisit" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Ӏаьржа форд – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Ӏаьржа форд" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigra_maro" title="Nigra maro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nigra maro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svartahaf" title="Svartahaf – Islandica" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Svartahaf" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Nero" title="Mar Nero – Italiana" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mar Nero" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%92%E6%B5%B7" title="黒海 – Iaponica" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="黒海" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Iaponica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blak_Sii" title="Blak Sii – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Blak Sii" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/xekri_xamsi" title="xekri xamsi – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="xekri xamsi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagara_Ireng" title="Sagara Ireng – Iavensis" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sagara Ireng" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Iavensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pagina mensis"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98_%E1%83%96%E1%83%A6%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="შავი ზღვა – Georgiana" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შავი ზღვა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qara_te%C5%84iz" title="Qara teńiz – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Qara teńiz" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilel_Aberkan" title="Ilel Aberkan – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ilel Aberkan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8B_%D0%A4%D3%80%D1%8B%D1%86%D3%80%D1%8D" title="Хы ФӀыцӀэ – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Хы ФӀыцӀэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Te%C5%8Bg%CA%8A_K%C9%A9kp%C9%9Bd%CA%8A%CA%8A" title="Teŋgʊ Kɩkpɛdʊʊ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Teŋgʊ Kɩkpɛdʊʊ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1dyundyung_Kyai_A%CC%B1sa%CC%B1khwot" title="A̱dyundyung Kyai A̱sa̱khwot – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱dyundyung Kyai A̱sa̱khwot" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawok_Halom" title="Lawok Halom – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Lawok Halom" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D2%A3%D1%96%D0%B7" title="Қара теңіз – Cazachica" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қара теңіз" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Cazachica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%81%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%85" title="សមុទ្រខ្មៅ – Chmerica" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សមុទ្រខ្មៅ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Chmerica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%81_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಕಪ್ಪು ಸಮುದ್ರ – Cannadica" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಪ್ಪು ಸಮುದ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Cannadica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9D%91%ED%95%B4" title="흑해 – Coreana" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="흑해" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Coreana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7" title="Къара тенгиз – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Къара тенгиз" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deryaya_Re%C5%9F" title="Deryaya Reş – Curdica" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Deryaya Reş" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Curdica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8C%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B7" title="Сьӧд саридз – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Сьӧд саридз" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mor_Du" title="Mor Du – Cornubica" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Mor Du" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornubica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Preta" title="Mar Preta – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Mar Preta" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwaarzt_Mier" title="Schwaarzt Mier – Luxemburgica" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Schwaarzt Mier" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%85%D3%80%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%8C%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8" title="ЛухӀи хьхьири – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="ЛухӀи хьхьири" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D3%80%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%B3%D1%8C%D1%83%D1%8C%D0%BB" title="ЧӀулав гьуьл – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="ЧӀулав гьуьл" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Negra" title="Mar Negra – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Mar Negra" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Black Sea" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwarte_Zie" title="Zwarte Zie – Limburgica" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Zwarte Zie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A2_Neigro" title="Mâ Neigro – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Mâ Neigro" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mer_Fosch" title="Mer Fosch – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Mer Fosch" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Negher" title="Mar Negher – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Mar Negher" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B3" title="ທະເລດຳ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ທະເລດຳ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juodoji_j%C5%ABra" title="Juodoji jūra – Lithuanica" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Juodoji jūra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meln%C4%81_j%C5%ABra" title="Melnā jūra – Lettonica" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Melnā jūra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lettonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="काला सागर – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="काला सागर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B6%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8C" title="Равжа иневедь – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Равжа иневедь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranomasina_Mainty" title="Ranomasina Mainty – Malagasiana" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ranomasina Mainty" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D1%82%D0%B5%D2%A5%D1%8B%D0%B7" title="Шем теҥыз – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Шем теҥыз" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Црно Море – Macedonica" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Црно Море" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD" title="കരിങ്കടൽ – Malabarica" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കരിങ്കടൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Хар тэнгис – Mongolica" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хар тэнгис" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B3%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="काळा समुद्र – Marathica" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="काळा समुद्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B6" title="Шим тангыж – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Шим тангыж" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Hitam" title="Laut Hitam – Malayana" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Laut Hitam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C4%A7ar_l-Iswed" title="Baħar l-Iswed – Melitensis" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Baħar l-Iswed" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Melitensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Negro" title="Mar Negro – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Mar Negro" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="ပင်လယ်နက် – Birmanica" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပင်လယ်နက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="سیو دریا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سیو دریا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Niro" title="Mar Niro – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Mar Niro" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarte_See" title="Swarte See – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Swarte See" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwatte_Zee" title="Zwatte Zee – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Zwatte Zee" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="कृष्ण सागर – Nepalensis" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कृष्ण सागर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="कृष्ण सागर – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कृष्ण सागर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwarte_Zee" title="Zwarte Zee – Batava" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zwarte Zee" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Batava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svartehavet" title="Svartehavet – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Svartehavet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svartehavet" title="Svartehavet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Svartehavet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9the_M%C3%A9" title="Néthe Mé – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Néthe Mé" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Negra" title="Mar Negra – Occitana" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mar Negra" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustumeri" title="Mustumeri – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Mustumeri" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%B7" title="Сау денджыз – Ossetica" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сау денджыз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0" title="ਕਾਲ਼ਾ ਸਮੁੰਦਰ – Panjabica" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਾਲ਼ਾ ਸਮੁੰਦਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Panjabica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laman_Pretu" title="Laman Pretu – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Laman Pretu" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morze_Czarne" title="Morze Czarne – Polonica" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Morze Czarne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_N%C3%A8ir" title="Mar Nèir – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Mar Nèir" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%DD%AA%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="کاݪا سمندر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کاݪا سمندر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%98%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Μαύρον Θάλασσα – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Μαύρον Θάλασσα" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="تور سمندر – Afganica" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تور سمندر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Afganica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Negro" title="Mar Negro – Lusitana" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mar Negro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Lusitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yana_hatun_qucha" title="Yana hatun qucha – Quechuae" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yana hatun qucha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechuae" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Naira" title="Mar Naira – Rhaetica" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Mar Naira" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Rhaetica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali_Deryav" title="Kali Deryav – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Kali Deryav" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marea_Neagr%C4%83" title="Marea Neagră – Dacoromanica" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Marea Neagră" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Dacoromanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarea_Lae" title="Amarea Lae – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Amarea Lae" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Gnure" title="Mar Gnure – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Mar Gnure" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Чёрное море – Russica" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чёрное море" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Чорне море – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Чорне море" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D2%95%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Хара байҕал – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Хара байҕал" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B8%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%AE_%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mare_Nieddu" title="Mare Nieddu – Sarda" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Mare Nieddu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sarda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_N%C3%ACuru" title="Mari Nìuru – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mari Nìuru" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Black Sea" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%DA%8A" title="ڪارو سمنڊ – Sindhuica" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪارو سمنڊ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhuica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crno_more" title="Crno more – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Crno more" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Black Sea" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cierne_more" title="Čierne more – Slovaca" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Čierne more" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Crno_morje" title="Črno morje – Slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Črno morje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhahari_Tema" title="Bhahari Tema – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Bhahari Tema" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badda_Madow" title="Badda Madow – Somalica" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Badda Madow" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deti_i_Zi" title="Deti i Zi – Albanica" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Deti i Zi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Црно море – Serbica" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Црно море" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swotte_See" title="Swotte See – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Swotte See" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svarta_havet" title="Svarta havet – Suecica" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Svarta havet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Suecica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahari_Nyeusi" title="Bahari Nyeusi – Suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bahari Nyeusi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="கருங்கடல் – Tamulica" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கருங்கடல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamulica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="నల్ల సముద్రం – Telingana" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నల్ల సముద్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telingana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%91%D2%B3" title="Баҳри сиёҳ – Tadzikica" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Баҳри сиёҳ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzikica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B3" title="ทะเลดำ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทะเลดำ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gara_de%C5%88iz" title="Gara deňiz – Turcomannica" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Gara deňiz" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turcomannica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagat_Itim" title="Dagat Itim – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Dagat Itim" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sijo_dyjo" title="Sijo dyjo – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Sijo dyjo" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karadeniz" title="Karadeniz – Turcica" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Karadeniz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turcica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwandle_ra_Ntima" title="Lwandle ra Ntima – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Lwandle ra Ntima" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Кара диңгез – Tatarica" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кара диңгез" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8C%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%8C" title="Сьӧд зарезь – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Сьӧд зарезь" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%AF%DB%90%DA%AD%D9%89%D8%B2" title="قارا دېڭىز – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="قارا دېڭىز" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Чорне море – Ucrainica" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чорне море" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ucrainica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%81_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF" title="بحیرہ اسود – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بحیرہ اسود" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qora_dengiz" title="Qora dengiz – Uzbecica" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qora dengiz" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbecica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Negro" title="Mar Negro – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Mar Negro" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustmeri" title="Mustmeri – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Mustmeri" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%E1%BB%83n_%C4%90en" title="Biển Đen – Vietnamica" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Biển Đen" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwarte_Z%C3%AAe" title="Zwarte Zêe – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Zwarte Zêe" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3%A4gamel" title="Blägamel – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Blägamel" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noere_Mer" title="Noere Mer – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Noere Mer" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itom_nga_Dagat" title="Itom nga Dagat – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Itom nga Dagat" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B5%B7" title="黑海 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="黑海" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulwandle_olumnyama" title="Ulwandle olumnyama – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ulwandle olumnyama" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90_%E1%83%96%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90" title="უჩა ზუღა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="უჩა ზუღა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%99%D7%9D" title="שווארצער ים – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שווארצער ים" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92kun_D%C3%BAd%C3%BA" title="Òkun Dúdú – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Òkun Dúdú" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haijhaek" title="Haijhaek – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Haijhaek" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B5%B7" title="黑海 – Sinica" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="黑海" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Sinica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B5%B7" title="黑海 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="黑海" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%CD%98-h%C3%A1i" title="O͘-hái – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="O͘-hái" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B5%B7" title="黑海 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="黑海" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q166#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Nexus inter linguas recensere" class="wbc-editpage">Nexus recensere</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spatia nominalia"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pontus_Euxinus" title="Videre paginam [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Res</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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href="/wiki/Specialis:Nexus_ad_paginam/Pontus_Euxinus" title="Index paginarum quae hic nectunt [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Nexus ad paginam</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specialis:Nuper_mutata_annexorum/Pontus_Euxinus" rel="nofollow" title="Nuper mutata in paginis quibus haec pagina nectit [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Nuper mutata annexorum</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=la" title="Fasciculos imponere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Fasciculum imponere</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specialis:Paginae_speciales" title="Index paginarum specialium [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Paginae speciales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontus_Euxinus&oldid=3835271" title="Nexus perpetuus ad hanc paginae redactionem"><span>Nexus perpetuus</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontus_Euxinus&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>De hac pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialis:CiteThisPage&page=Pontus_Euxinus&id=3835271&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Institutiones de hac pagina citanda"><span>Hanc paginam citare</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialis:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fla.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPontus_Euxinus"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialis:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fla.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPontus_Euxinus"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimere vel exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5_-_%D0%A7%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5_-_Karadeniz_-_Marea_Neagr%C4%83" hreflang="en"><span>Vicimedia Communia</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q166" title="Nexus ad rem repositorii Vicibasis [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Res Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-a10100" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/VP:Expansio" title="VP:Expansio"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Roman_numeral_10000_CC_DD_cropped.svg/20px-Roman_numeral_10000_CC_DD_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Roman_numeral_10000_CC_DD_cropped.svg/30px-Roman_numeral_10000_CC_DD_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Roman_numeral_10000_CC_DD_cropped.svg/40px-Roman_numeral_10000_CC_DD_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="68" data-file-height="43" /></a></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-a10200" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vicipaedia:1000_paginae" title="Vicipaedia:1000 paginae"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Mille_Paginae.png/28px-Mille_Paginae.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Mille_Paginae.png/42px-Mille_Paginae.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Mille_Paginae.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">E Vicipaedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="la" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Black_Sea_relief_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Black_Sea_relief_location_map.svg/220px-Black_Sea_relief_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Black_Sea_relief_location_map.svg/330px-Black_Sea_relief_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Black_Sea_relief_location_map.svg/440px-Black_Sea_relief_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="532" data-file-height="330" /></a><figcaption>Tabula Ponti Euxini (Maris Nigri).</figcaption></figure><div style="display: flow-root; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, .0875); margin: 1em; padding: .1em 1em; text-align: left; font-style: italic; border-radius: .25em;">Vide etiam paginam discretivam: <a href="/wiki/Pontus" class="mw-disambig" title="Pontus">Pontus</a>.</div> <p><b>Pontus Euxinus</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Graece" class="mw-redirect" title="Graece">Graece</a> Εύξεινος Πόντος, <i>Mare Hospitale</i>) vel <b>Pontus</b> tantum, sive <b>Mare Scythicum</b> et <b>Mare Nigrum</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, est <a href="/wiki/Mare" title="Mare">mare</a> ab <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>, et <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucaso</a> finitum, quod ad <a href="/wiki/Oceanus_Atlanticus" title="Oceanus Atlanticus">Oceanum Atlanticum</a> via maribus <a href="/wiki/Mare_Mediterraneum" title="Mare Mediterraneum">Mediterraneo</a> et <a href="/wiki/Mare_Aegaeum" class="mw-redirect" title="Mare Aegaeum">Aegaeo</a> et variis <a href="/wiki/Fretum" title="Fretum">fretis</a> adligatur. Fretum <a href="/wiki/Bosporus" title="Bosporus">Bosporus</a>, situs <a href="/wiki/Byzantium" title="Byzantium">Byzantii</a>, antiquissimae <a href="/wiki/Civitas" title="Civitas">civitatis</a> <a href="/wiki/Graecia_antiqua" title="Graecia antiqua">Graecae</a>, Pontum ad <a href="/wiki/Propontis" title="Propontis">Propontidem</a> adligat, et fretum <a href="/wiki/Hellespontus" title="Hellespontus">Hellespontus</a> illud mare ad <a href="/wiki/Regio" title="Regio">regionem</a> Mare Aegaeum Mediterranei conectit. Hae <a href="/wiki/Aqua" title="Aqua">aquae</a> <a href="/wiki/Europa_Orientalis" title="Europa Orientalis">Europam Orientalem</a> et <a href="/wiki/Asia_occidentalis" title="Asia occidentalis">Asiam Occidentalem</a> separant. Pontus praeterea ad <a href="/wiki/Palus_Maeotis" title="Palus Maeotis">Paludem Maeotidem</a> a <a href="/wiki/Bosporus_Cimmerius" title="Bosporus Cimmerius">Bosporo Cimmerio</a> adligat. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Black_Sea_Coast_of_Batumi,_Georgia_(Europe).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Black_Sea_Coast_of_Batumi%2C_Georgia_%28Europe%29.jpg/220px-Black_Sea_Coast_of_Batumi%2C_Georgia_%28Europe%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Black_Sea_Coast_of_Batumi%2C_Georgia_%28Europe%29.jpg/330px-Black_Sea_Coast_of_Batumi%2C_Georgia_%28Europe%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Black_Sea_Coast_of_Batumi%2C_Georgia_%28Europe%29.jpg/440px-Black_Sea_Coast_of_Batumi%2C_Georgia_%28Europe%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="879" data-file-height="561" /></a><figcaption>Pontus Euxinus (Mare Nigrum) <a href="/wiki/Bathys" title="Bathys">Bathy</a> in urbe <a href="/w/index.php?title=GeorgiaGeorgiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GeorgiaGeorgiana (non est haec pagina)">GeorgiaGeorgiana</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Pontus Euxinus <a href="/wiki/Area_(geometria)" title="Area (geometria)">aream</a> plus quam 422 milia <a href="/wiki/Chiliometrum" title="Chiliometrum">chm²</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capacitas_et_volumen" title="Capacitas et volumen">volumen</a> autem circa 555 milia <a href="/wiki/Chiliometrum" title="Chiliometrum">chm³</a> habet. Maxima huius maris <a href="/wiki/Altitudo" title="Altitudo">altitudo</a> est 2210 metra, mediocris 1240 metra. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:The_Swallow%27s_Nest_castle_on_the_Aurora_cliffs_of_cape_Ai-Todor_(2005-09-229).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/The_Swallow%27s_Nest_castle_on_the_Aurora_cliffs_of_cape_Ai-Todor_%282005-09-229%29.jpg/220px-The_Swallow%27s_Nest_castle_on_the_Aurora_cliffs_of_cape_Ai-Todor_%282005-09-229%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/The_Swallow%27s_Nest_castle_on_the_Aurora_cliffs_of_cape_Ai-Todor_%282005-09-229%29.jpg/330px-The_Swallow%27s_Nest_castle_on_the_Aurora_cliffs_of_cape_Ai-Todor_%282005-09-229%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/The_Swallow%27s_Nest_castle_on_the_Aurora_cliffs_of_cape_Ai-Todor_%282005-09-229%29.jpg/440px-The_Swallow%27s_Nest_castle_on_the_Aurora_cliffs_of_cape_Ai-Todor_%282005-09-229%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Villa prisca, <i>Nidus Hirundinis</i> vocata, in <a href="/wiki/Paeninsula" title="Paeninsula">paeninsula</a> <a href="/wiki/Crimaea" title="Crimaea">Crimaea</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Inter <a href="/wiki/Flumen" title="Flumen">flumina</a> quae in Pontum defluunt sunt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asiaces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asiaces (non est haec pagina)">Asiaces</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Borysthenes" class="mw-redirect" title="Borysthenes">Borysthenes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Danapris" title="Danapris">Danapris</a>), <a href="/wiki/Enguri" title="Enguri">Enguri</a><span class="iam-creata"></span><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Halys" title="Halys">Halys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hister" class="mw-redirect" title="Hister">Hister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hypanis_(Ucraina)" title="Hypanis (Ucraina)">Hypanis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ingulus" title="Ingulus">Ingulus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sangarius" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangarius">Sangarius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phasis_(flumen)" title="Phasis (flumen)">Phasis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tyras" title="Tyras">Tyras</a>, et alia. </p><p>Insulis magnis Pontus caret, praeter <a href="/wiki/Lingua_terrae" title="Lingua terrae">linguas terrae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinus" class="mw-disambig" title="Sinus">sinus</a> a mari seiungentes (sicut <a href="/wiki/Dromos_Achilleos" title="Dromos Achilleos">Dromos Achilleos</a> et <a href="/wiki/Cephalonesos" class="mw-redirect" title="Cephalonesos">Cephalonesos</a>); ex insularum parvarum numero <a href="/wiki/Achillea" title="Achillea">Achillea</a> insula in parte maris septentrio-occidentali memoranda est. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="De_nomine">De nomine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontus_Euxinus&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Recensere partem: De nomine" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontus_Euxinus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: De nomine"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="De_nomine_antiquissimo">De nomine antiquissimo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontus_Euxinus&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Recensere partem: De nomine antiquissimo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontus_Euxinus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: De nomine antiquissimo"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pontus Euxinus in <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripidea</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Iphigenia_in_Tauris" title="Iphigenia in Tauris">Iphigenia Taurica</a></i> pontus Axinus (ἄξεινος, inhospitalis) appellatur.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hoc est mare sine hospitibus, mare quod hospites non recipit, mare hospitibus infestumː quod optime cum argumento <a href="/wiki/Tragoedia" title="Tragoedia">tragoediae</a> congruit. Quod <a href="/wiki/Nomen_proprium" title="Nomen proprium">nomen</a> antiquissimum nomen Graecum fuisse creditur, et postea in Euxinum ("hospitibus amicus") infausti ominis vitandi causa mutatum esse. Nam <i>axinus</i> translitteratio Graeca verbi Iranici<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> esse videtur, quod <a href="/wiki/Cyaneus" title="Cyaneus">cyaneum</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Color" title="Color">colorem</a> designabat (sensus 'mare inhospitale' ex <a href="/wiki/Paretymologia" title="Paretymologia">etymologia populari</a> natus est)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="De_nominibus_hodiernis">De nominibus hodiernis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontus_Euxinus&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Recensere partem: De nominibus hodiernis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontus_Euxinus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: De nominibus hodiernis"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hodierna maris nomina plerumque 'Mare Nigrum' <a href="/wiki/Significatio_(linguistica)" title="Significatio (linguistica)">significant</a>, ut in <a href="/wiki/Civitas" title="Civitas">civitatibus</a> quae mare adiacent:<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abasgice" class="mw-redirect" title="Abasgice">Abasgice</a> Амшын Еиқәа (liiteris Latinis <i>Amʂən Eikʰʷa</i>, <a href="/wiki/Abecedarium_Phoneticum_Internationale" title="Abecedarium Phoneticum Internationale">Abecedario Phonetico Internationali</a> ɑmʂɨn ɛjkʷʰɑ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adygeice" class="mw-redirect" title="Adygeice">Adygeice</a> Хы шӏуцӏэ (<i>Xı ṩʔutsʔə</i>, xə ʃʼəw.t͡sʼa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenice" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenice">Armenice</a> Սեւ ծով (<i>Sev tsov</i>, sɛv t͡sɔv)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarice" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarice">Bulgarice</a> Черно море (<i>Černo more</i>, t͡ʃɛrno moˈrɛ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacoromanice" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacoromanice">Dacoromanice</a> <i>Marea Neagră</i> (ˈmare̯a ˈne̯aɡrə)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgiane" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgiane">Georgiane</a> შავი ზღვა (<i>shavi zghva</i>, ʃɑvi zɣvɑ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingua_Lazica" title="Lingua Lazica">Lazice</a> et <a href="/wiki/Mingrelice" class="mw-redirect" title="Mingrelice">Mingrelice</a> უჩა ზუღა (<i>Ucha Zugha</i>, utʃɑ zuɣɑ), vel breviter ზუღა (<i>Zugha</i>, zuɣɑ, i.e. "Mare")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russice" class="mw-redirect" title="Russice">Russice</a> Чёрное мо́рe (Čjornoje móre,ˈtɕornəjə ˈmorʲə)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatarice_Taurice" class="mw-redirect" title="Tatarice Taurice">Tatarice Taurice</a> Къара денъиз (<i>Qara deñiz</i>, qɑrɑ deŋiz)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turcice" class="mw-redirect" title="Turcice">Turcice</a> <i>Karadeniz</i> (kaˈɾadeniz)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ucrainice" class="mw-redirect" title="Ucrainice">Ucrainice</a> Чорне море (<i>Čorne more</i>, ˈtʃɔrnɛ ˈmɔrɛ)</li></ul> <p>Quae autem nomina in <a href="/wiki/Litterae" title="Litterae">litteris</a> ante <a href="/wiki/Saeculum_13" title="Saeculum 13">saeculo tertio decimo</a> non inveniuntur.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Graecia" title="Graecia">Graecia</a>, <i>Mare Euxinum,</i> nomen <a href="/wiki/Historia" title="Historia">historicum</a>, cui est altera significatio, iam late adhibetur: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neograece" class="mw-redirect" title="Neograece">Neograece</a> Eύξεινος Πόντος (litteris Latinis <i>Eúxinos Póndos</i>, <a href="/wiki/Abecedarium_Phoneticum_Internationale" title="Abecedarium Phoneticum Internationale">Abecedario Phonetico Internationali</a>ˈefksinos ˈpondos); nomen Neograecum Μαύρη Θάλασσα (Mávri Thálassa, ˈmavri ˈθalasa), <small>lit.</small> "Mare Nigrum", etiam adhibetur, sed minime.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="De_gentibus_olim_circumiacentibus">De gentibus olim circumiacentibus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontus_Euxinus&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Recensere partem: De gentibus olim circumiacentibus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontus_Euxinus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: De gentibus olim circumiacentibus"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Gens" title="Gens">Gentes</a> et <a href="/wiki/Regnum" title="Regnum">regna</a>, quae in <a href="/wiki/Litus" title="Litus">litoribus</a> Ponti <a href="/wiki/Floruit" title="Floruit">florebant</a>, tam permulta erant, ut vix enumerari possint. Antiquitus <a href="/wiki/Thraces" title="Thraces">Thraces</a> <a href="/wiki/Occidens" title="Occidens">occidentale</a> litus Ponti colebant, <a href="/wiki/Scythae" title="Scythae">Scythae</a> <a href="/wiki/Tauri" title="Tauri">Taurique</a> <a href="/wiki/Septentrio" title="Septentrio">septentrionale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abasci_(antiqui)" title="Abasci (antiqui)">Abasgi</a> et <a href="/wiki/Colchis" title="Colchis">Colchi</a> <a href="/wiki/Oriens" title="Oriens">orientale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Phryges</a> aliaeque <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" title="Asia Minor">Asiaeque Minoris</a> gentes <a href="/wiki/Meridies" title="Meridies">meridianum</a>. <a href="/wiki/Millennium_1_a.C.n." title="Millennium 1 a.C.n.">Millennio primo a.C.n.</a>, permultae <a href="/wiki/Colonia" title="Colonia">coloniae</a> Graecae Pontu circumcingentes deductae sunt. <a href="/wiki/Urbs" title="Urbs">Urbium</a> Graecarum in litore <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asiatico</a> <a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Pontica" title="Heraclea Pontica">Heraclea Pontica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinope" title="Sinope">Sinope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trapezus" title="Trapezus">Trapezus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cerasus_(urbs)" title="Cerasus (urbs)">Cerasus</a> nominandae sunt, in litore Thracico <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salmydessus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salmydessus (non est haec pagina)">Salmydessus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mesembria" title="Mesembria">Mesembria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odessus_(Bulgaria)" title="Odessus (Bulgaria)">Odessus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constantia_(Romania)" title="Constantia (Romania)">Tomis</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Scythia" title="Scythia">Scythia</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyras_(urbs)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tyras (urbs) (non est haec pagina)">Tyras</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Olbia_Pontica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olbia Pontica (non est haec pagina)">Olbia Pontica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanais_(urbs)" title="Tanais (urbs)">Tanais</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bata" title="Bata">Bata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gorgippia" title="Gorgippia">Gorgippia</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Crimaea" title="Crimaea">Tauride</a> <a href="/wiki/Chersonesus_(urbs)" title="Chersonesus (urbs)">Chersonesus Taurica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eupatoria" title="Eupatoria">Cercinitis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calos_Limen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calos Limen (non est haec pagina)">Calos Limen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kertschia" title="Kertschia">Panticapaeum</a>, in Caucasico litore <a href="/wiki/Bathys" title="Bathys">Bathys Limen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phasis_(urbs)" title="Phasis (urbs)">Phasis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dioscurias" title="Dioscurias">Dioscurias</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Imperium" title="Imperium">Imperia</a> <a href="/wiki/Imperium_Romanum" title="Imperium Romanum">Romanum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imperium_Romanum_Orientale" title="Imperium Romanum Orientale">Byzantinum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imperium_Ottomanicum" title="Imperium Ottomanicum">Ottomanicum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imperium_Russicum" title="Imperium Russicum">Russicum</a> litora Ponti possidebant. Hodie litus meridianum <a href="/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia">Turcicum</a> est, occidentale <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaricum</a> et <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romanicum</a>, septentrionale <a href="/wiki/Ucraina" title="Ucraina">Ucrainicum</a> et <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russicum</a>, orientale <a href="/wiki/Abasgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Abasgia">Abasgicum</a> et <a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgianum</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notae">Notae</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontus_Euxinus&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Recensere partem: Notae" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontus_Euxinus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Notae"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Iohannes_Iacobus_Hofmannus" title="Iohannes Iacobus Hofmannus">Iohannes Iacobus Hofmannus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Lexicon_universale" title="Lexicon universale">Lexicon universale</a></i> (1698) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/hofmann.html">~</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof3/s0840b.html">t. III, p. 840.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ioannes_Georgius_Theodorus_Graesse" title="Ioannes Georgius Theodorus Graesse">J. G. Th. Graesse</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Orbis_Latinus" title="Orbis Latinus">Orbis Latinus</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Dresda" title="Dresda">Dresdae</a>: Schönfeld, 1861; 1909. <a href="/wiki/Brunsvicum" title="Brunsvicum">Brunsvici</a>, 1972, 3 voll.) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912">1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913">2</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914">3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vulgo <i>Tiligul</i>; <a href="/wiki/Pomponius_Mela" title="Pomponius Mela">Pomponii Melae</a> <i>Chorographia</i> II 7; vel <i>Axiaces</i>, — <a href="/wiki/Plinius_Maior" class="mw-redirect" title="Plinius Maior">Plinii</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Naturalis_historia_(Plinius)" title="Naturalis historia (Plinius)">Hist. nat.</a></i> II 230, IV 82; Alexii Scatebrani <i>Initia eloquentiae Latinae</i> (<i>Солопов А.И.</i> Начала латинской стилистики. М., 2008), p. 561.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Georgius_Henricus_L%C3%BCnemann" title="Georgius Henricus Lünemann">G.H. Lünemann</a><span class="iam-creata"></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.es/books?hl=ru&id=Pj75q0pGu2EC&q=Enguri#v=snippet&q=Enguri&f=false"><i>Descriptio Caucasi</i>, pp. 34, 43</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Versus 218, 395, et passim alias. Confer <a href="/wiki/Plinius_Maior" class="mw-redirect" title="Plinius Maior">Plinium Maiorem</a> VI.1ː <i>Pontus Euxinus, antea ab inhospitali feritate Axinus appellatus</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sermo Scytharum Iranicus erat.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Iphigenia_in_Tauris" title="Iphigenia in Tauris">Iphigenia in Tauris</a></i> 393.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">E. Boisacq, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_1924_num_3_2_6291">"Le nom de la mer Noire en grec ancien,"</a> <i>Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire,</i> 1924ː 315–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Özhan Öztürk (<a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.karalahana.com/makaleler/karadeniz/karadeniz-ozhan-ozturk.htm"><i>Karadeniz Ansiklopedik Sözlük</i></a>. Constantinopoli: Heyamola Yayınları. pp. 617–20<span style="display: none;"> </span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Schmitt 1989: 310–13.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliographia">Bibliographia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontus_Euxinus&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Recensere partem: Bibliographia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontus_Euxinus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliographia"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ascherson, Neal. <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>. <i>Black Sea.</i> Vintage. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0099593718" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-09-959371-8</a>.</li> <li>Dimitrov, Petko, et Dimitar Dimitrov. <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006084203/http://ice.tsu.ru/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=392&Itemid=88"><i>The Black Sea, the Flood an the Ancient Myths.</i></a> Varna.</li> <li>Ghervas, Stella. <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>. Odessa et les confins de l'Europe: un éclairage historique. In <i>Lieux d'Europe: Mythes et limites,</i> ed. Stella Ghervas et François Rosset. Lutetiae: Editions de la Maison des sciences de l'homme. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9782735111824" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-7351-1182-4</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carolus_King_(auctor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carolus King (auctor) (non est haec pagina)">King, Charles</a>.<a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>. <i>The Black Sea: A History.</i> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0199241619" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-924161-9</a>.</li> <li>Ryan, William, et Walter Pitman. <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>. <i>Noah's Flood.</i> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0684859203" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-684-85920-3</a>.</li> <li>Öztürk, Özhan. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>. <i>Karadeniz: Ansiklopedik Sözlük.</i> (Mare Nigrum: Dictionarium Encyclopaedicum.) 2 voll. Istanbul: Heyamola Publishing. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9756121009" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 975-6121-00-9</a>.</li> <li>Schmitt, Rüdiger. <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>. Considerations on the Name of the Black Sea. In <i>Hellas und der griechische Osten,</i> 219–24. Saarbrücken.</li> <li>West, Stephanie. <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>. "The Most Marvellous of All Seas:The Greek Encounter with the Euxine." <i>Greece & Rome</i> 50 (2): 51–167.</li> <li>Агбунов М. В., <i>Античная лоция Чёрного моря.</i> — Мoscuae: Наука, <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a>.</li> <li>Кузьминская Г. Г. <i>Чёрное море.</i> — Краснодар: Кн. изд-во, <a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a>.</li> <li>Сорокин Ю. И. <i>Чёрное море: Природа, ресурсы.</i> — Мoscuae: Наука, <a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a>.</li> <li>Степанов В., Андреев В. <i>Чёрное море.</i> — Л. : Гидрометеоиздат, <a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a>.</li> <li>Филиппов Д. М. <i>Циркуляция и структура вод Чёрного моря.</i> — Мoscuae: Наука, <a href="/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nexus_externi">Nexus externi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontus_Euxinus&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Recensere partem: Nexus externi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontus_Euxinus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Nexus externi"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div> <table border="0" cellspacing="1" style="background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr valign="middle"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pagina_prima" class="extiw" title="commons:Pagina prima">Vicimedia Communia</a></b> plura habent quae ad <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Black_Sea" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Black Sea">Pontum Euxinum</a></b> spectant. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table border="0" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr valign="middle"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Wikidata-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"><b>Situs geographici et historici:</b> <i>Locus</i>: <span><span><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Specialis:Map/0/43.41/34.26/la" data-lat="43.41" data-lon="34.26" data-overlays="["_733fb6d3090c5d587aa6d9f4de2aebb720f7be5e"]">43°24′36″N 34°15′36″E</a></span></span> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/7160849"><i>OpenStreetMap</i></a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geonames.org/630673"><i>GeoNames</i></a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getty.edu/vow/TGNFullDisplay?find=&place=&nation=&english=Y&subjectid=7016619">Thesaurus Getty</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/1224">Pleiades</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/Svartehavet">Store norske Lexikon</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200929132132/https://bigenc.ru/geography/text/4683148">Pagina de Ponto Euxino (Mari Nigro) <i>Encyclopaediae Russicae Magnae.</i></a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3389956">.mw-parser-output .existinglinksgray a,.mw-parser-output .existinglinksgray a:visited{color:gray}.mw-parser-output .existinglinksgray a.new{color:#ba0000}.mw-parser-output .existinglinksgray a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style><span class="existinglinksgray" style="font-size:0.95em; 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