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Heftig, aber markig.</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-I._Allegro_energico,_ma_non_troppo._Heftig,_aber_markig.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-II._Scherzo:_Wuchtig" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#II._Scherzo:_Wuchtig"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>II. <i>Scherzo: Wuchtig</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-II._Scherzo:_Wuchtig-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-III._Andante_moderato" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#III._Andante_moderato"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>III. <i>Andante moderato</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-III._Andante_moderato-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IV._Finale:_Sostenuto_–_Allegro_moderato_–_Allegro_energico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IV._Finale:_Sostenuto_–_Allegro_moderato_–_Allegro_energico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>IV. <i>Finale: Sostenuto – Allegro moderato – Allegro energico</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IV._Finale:_Sostenuto_–_Allegro_moderato_–_Allegro_energico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Order_of_the_inner_movements_and_performance_history_issue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Order_of_the_inner_movements_and_performance_history_issue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Order of the inner movements and performance history issue</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Order_of_the_inner_movements_and_performance_history_issue-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon 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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erwin_Ratz_edition_(1963-2000's)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Erwin Ratz edition (1963-2000's)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erwin_Ratz_edition_(1963-2000's)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kubik_edition_(2010-present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kubik_edition_(2010-present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Kubik edition (2010-present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kubik_edition_(2010-present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discussion_on_availability_of_both_options" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discussion_on_availability_of_both_options"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Discussion on availability of both options</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discussion_on_availability_of_both_options-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_discography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_discography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Selected discography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Selected_discography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Selected discography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Selected_discography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Scherzo_/_Andante" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scherzo_/_Andante"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Scherzo / Andante</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scherzo_/_Andante-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Andante_/_Scherzo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Andante_/_Scherzo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Andante / Scherzo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Andante_/_Scherzo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Premieres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Premieres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Premieres</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Premieres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Symphony No. 6 (Mahler)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simfonia_n%C3%BAm._6_(Mahler)" title="Simfonia núm. 6 (Mahler) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Simfonia núm. 6 (Mahler)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/6._Sinfonie_(Mahler)" title="6. Sinfonie (Mahler) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="6. Sinfonie (Mahler)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinfon%C3%ADa_n.%C2%BA_6_(Mahler)" title="Sinfonía n.º 6 (Mahler) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sinfonía n.º 6 (Mahler)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/6-a_simfonio_(Mahler)" title="6-a simfonio (Mahler) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="6-a simfonio (Mahler)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_%DB%B6_(%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1)" title="سمفونی شماره ۶ (مالر) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سمفونی شماره ۶ (مالر)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphonie_no_6_de_Mahler" title="Symphonie no 6 de Mahler – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Symphonie no 6 de Mahler" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinfon%C3%ADa_n%C2%BA_6_(Mahler)" title="Sinfonía nº 6 (Mahler) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sinfonía nº 6 (Mahler)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%90%ED%96%A5%EA%B3%A1_6%EB%B2%88_(%EB%A7%90%EB%9F%AC)" title="교향곡 6번 (말러) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="교향곡 6번 (말러)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinfonia_n._6_(Mahler)" title="Sinfonia n. 6 (Mahler) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sinfonia n. 6 (Mahler)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphonia_sexta_(Mahler)" title="Symphonia sexta (Mahler) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Symphonia sexta (Mahler)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85_6_(%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%81_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1)" title="السيمفونيه رقم 6 (جوستاف مالر) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="السيمفونيه رقم 6 (جوستاف مالر)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symfonie_nr._6_(Mahler)" title="Symfonie nr. 6 (Mahler) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Symfonie nr. 6 (Mahler)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%9F%BF%E6%9B%B2%E7%AC%AC6%E7%95%AA_(%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC)" title="交響曲第6番 (マーラー) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="交響曲第6番 (マーラー)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symfoni_nr._6_(Mahler)" title="Symfoni nr. 6 (Mahler) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Symfoni nr. 6 (Mahler)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinfonia_n.%C2%BA_6_(Mahler)" title="Sinfonia n.º 6 (Mahler) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sinfonia n.º 6 (Mahler)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%E2%84%96_6_(%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80)" title="Симфония № 6 (Малер) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Симфония № 6 (Малер)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simfonija_broj_6_(Gustav_Maler)" title="Simfonija broj 6 (Gustav Maler) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Simfonija broj 6 (Gustav Maler)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinfonia_nro_6_(Mahler)" title="Sinfonia nro 6 (Mahler) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sinfonia nro 6 (Mahler)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F_%E2%84%96_6_(%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80)" title="Симфонія № 6 (Малер) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Симфонія № 6 (Малер)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Symphony by Gustav Mahler</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent haudio"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary album">Symphony No. 6</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;">by <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler">Gustav Mahler</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Photo_of_Gustav_Mahler_by_Moritz_N%C3%A4hr_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Photo_of_Gustav_Mahler_by_Moritz_N%C3%A4hr_01.jpg/220px-Photo_of_Gustav_Mahler_by_Moritz_N%C3%A4hr_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Photo_of_Gustav_Mahler_by_Moritz_N%C3%A4hr_01.jpg/330px-Photo_of_Gustav_Mahler_by_Moritz_N%C3%A4hr_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Photo_of_Gustav_Mahler_by_Moritz_N%C3%A4hr_01.jpg/440px-Photo_of_Gustav_Mahler_by_Moritz_N%C3%A4hr_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="801" data-file-height="956" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Gustav Mahler in 1907</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Key</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/A_minor" title="A minor">A minor</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Composed</th><td class="infobox-data">1903–1904: <a href="/wiki/Maiernigg" class="mw-redirect" title="Maiernigg">Maiernigg</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Published</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>1906<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1906</span>)</span> C. F. Kahnt (original edition)</li> <li><span class="nowrap">1906<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1906</span>)</span> C. F. Kahnt (revised edition)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Recorded</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Charles_Adler" title="Frederick Charles Adler">F. Charles Adler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Symphony" title="Vienna Symphony">Vienna Symphony</a>, 1952</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Duration</th><td class="infobox-data">77–85 minutes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Movements</th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Premiere</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">27 May 1906<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1906-05-27</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location"><a href="/wiki/Saalbau_Essen" title="Saalbau Essen">Saalbau Essen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Conductor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler">Gustav Mahler</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Symphony No. 6</b> in <a href="/wiki/A_minor" title="A minor">A minor</a> by <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler">Gustav Mahler</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Symphony" title="Symphony">symphony</a> in four <a href="/wiki/Movement_(music)" title="Movement (music)">movements</a>, composed in 1903 and 1904, with revisions from 1906. It is sometimes nicknamed the <i><b>Tragic</b></i> ("Tragische"), though the origin of the name is unclear.<sup id="cite_ref-Rabinowitz_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rabinowitz-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Introduction">Introduction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symphony_No._6_(Mahler)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Introduction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mahler conducted the work's first performance at the <a href="/wiki/Saalbau_Essen" title="Saalbau Essen">Saalbau</a> concert hall in <a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a> on 27 May 1906. Mahler composed the symphony at an exceptionally happy time in his life, as he had married <a href="/wiki/Alma_Mahler" title="Alma Mahler">Alma Schindler</a> in 1902, and during the course of the work's composition his second daughter was born. This contrasts with the tragic, even nihilistic, ending of No. 6. Both <a href="/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg">Alban Berg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anton_Webern" title="Anton Webern">Anton Webern</a> praised the work when they first heard it. Berg expressed his opinion of the stature of this symphony in a 1908 letter to Webern: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> "<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Es gibt doch nur eine VI. trotz der Pastorale.</i></span>" (There is only one Sixth, notwithstanding the <i><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._6_(Beethoven)" title="Symphony No. 6 (Beethoven)">Pastoral</a></i>.)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nickname_of_Tragische">Nickname of <i>Tragische</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symphony_No._6_(Mahler)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Nickname of Tragische"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The status of the symphony's nickname is problematic.<sup id="cite_ref-Rabinowitz_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rabinowitz-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mahler did not title the symphony when he composed it, or at its first performance or first publication. When he allowed <a href="/wiki/Richard_Specht" title="Richard Specht">Richard Specht</a> to analyse the work and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Zemlinsky" title="Alexander von Zemlinsky">Alexander von Zemlinsky</a> to arrange the symphony, he did not authorize any sort of nickname for the symphony. He had, as well, decisively rejected and disavowed the titles (and programmes) of his earlier symphonies by 1900. Only the words "<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Sechste Sinfonie</i></span></i>" appeared on the programme for the performance in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> on November 8, 1906.<sup id="cite_ref-Kubik_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kubik-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 59">: 59 </span></sup> Nor does the word <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Tragische</i></span></i> appear on any of the scores that <a href="https://imslp.org/wiki/C.F._Kahnt" class="extiw" title="scores:C.F. Kahnt">C. F. Kahnt</a> published (first edition, 1906; revised edition, 1906), in Specht's officially approved <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Thematische Führer</i></span></i> ('thematic guide')<sup id="cite_ref-Kubik_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kubik-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 50">: 50 </span></sup> or on Zemlinsky's piano duet transcription (1906).<sup id="cite_ref-Kubik_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kubik-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 57">: 57 </span></sup> By contrast, in his <i>Gustav Mahler</i> memoir, <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Walter" title="Bruno Walter">Bruno Walter</a> claimed that "Mahler called [the work] his <i>Tragic Symphony</i>". Additionally, the programme for the first <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> performance (January 4, 1907) refers to the work as "<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Sechste Sinfonie (Tragische)</i></span>". </p><p> Although not using the title, Alma Mahler's famous statement has influenced the association of the symphony with tragedy: </p><blockquote><p>“in the last movement, Mahler described himself and his downfall, or as he later said, that of his hero. ‘It is the hero on whom fall three blows of fate, the last of which fells him, as a tree is felled.’ Those were his words.”<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Instrumentation">Instrumentation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symphony_No._6_(Mahler)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Instrumentation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The symphony is scored for large orchestra, consisting of the following: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Woodwind_instrument" title="Woodwind instrument">Woodwinds</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Piccolo" title="Piccolo">piccolo</a> (used only in movement 4)</dd> <dd>4 <a href="/wiki/Western_concert_flute" title="Western concert flute">flutes</a> (3rd and 4th doubling 2nd and 3rd <a href="/wiki/Piccolo" title="Piccolo">piccolos</a>)</dd> <dd>4 <a href="/wiki/Oboe" title="Oboe">oboes</a> (3rd and 4th doubling 2nd and 3rd <a href="/wiki/Cor_anglais" title="Cor anglais">cor anglais</a>; 2nd cor anglais used only in Scherzo)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cor_anglais" title="Cor anglais">cor anglais</a> (used only in movement 4)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/E-flat_clarinet" title="E-flat clarinet">E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> clarinet</a> (doubling 4th clarinet)</dd> <dd>3 B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> and A <a href="/wiki/Clarinet" title="Clarinet">clarinets</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bass_clarinet" title="Bass clarinet">bass clarinet</a></dd> <dd>4 <a href="/wiki/Bassoon" title="Bassoon">bassoons</a> (4th used only in movement 4)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Contrabassoon" title="Contrabassoon">contrabassoon</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Brass_instrument" title="Brass instrument">Brass</a></dt> <dd>8 <a href="/wiki/French_horn" title="French horn">horns</a></dd> <dd>6 <a href="/wiki/Trumpet" title="Trumpet">trumpets</a> (5th and 6th used only in movement 4)</dd> <dd>4 <a href="/wiki/Trombone" title="Trombone">trombones</a> (4th used only in movement 4)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tuba" title="Tuba">tuba</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Keyboard_instrument" title="Keyboard instrument">Keyboards</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Celesta" title="Celesta">celesta</a></dd></dl> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Percussion_instrument" title="Percussion instrument">Percussion</a></dt> <dd>6 <a href="/wiki/Timpani" title="Timpani">timpani</a> (two players)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bass_drum" title="Bass drum">bass drum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Snare_drum" title="Snare drum">snare drum</a> (used in movements 1 and 4)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cymbal" title="Cymbal">cymbals</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Triangle_(musical_instrument)" title="Triangle (musical instrument)">triangle</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cowbell_(instrument)" title="Cowbell (instrument)">cowbells</a> (offstage in movements 1 and 4, onstage in Andante)</dd> <dd>hammer (see description below)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tam-tam" class="mw-redirect" title="Tam-tam">tam-tam</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rute_(music)" title="Rute (music)">rute</a></dd> <dd>deep, untuned <a href="/wiki/Tubular_bells" title="Tubular bells">bells</a> (used only in movement 4, offstage)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Glockenspiel" title="Glockenspiel">glockenspiel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Xylophone" title="Xylophone">xylophone</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/String_section" title="String section">Strings</a></dt> <dd>2 <a href="/wiki/Harp" title="Harp">harps</a></dd> <dd>1st <a href="/wiki/Violin" title="Violin">violins</a></dd> <dd>2nd <a href="/wiki/Violin" title="Violin">violins</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Viola" title="Viola">violas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cello" title="Cello">cellos</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Double_bass" title="Double bass">double basses</a></dd></dl> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Die_Muskete_Mahler_Karikatur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Die_Muskete_Mahler_Karikatur.jpg/220px-Die_Muskete_Mahler_Karikatur.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Die_Muskete_Mahler_Karikatur.jpg/330px-Die_Muskete_Mahler_Karikatur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Die_Muskete_Mahler_Karikatur.jpg/440px-Die_Muskete_Mahler_Karikatur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="528" data-file-height="792" /></a><figcaption>Contemporary caricature about the unorthodox usage of a hammer: "My god, I forgot the car horn! Now I can write <i>another</i> symphony." (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Die_Muskete&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Die Muskete (page does not exist)">Die Muskete</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Muskete" class="extiw" title="de:Die Muskete">de</a>]</span></i>, 19 January 1907)</figcaption></figure> <p>Mahler requested that the celesta part should be doubled or tripled if possible. The number of harps specified is ambiguous, with Mahler calling for two in his list of instruments, but at one point calling for four harps in the score.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to very large woodwind and brass sections, Mahler augmented the percussion section with several unusual instruments, including the famous "Mahler hammer". The sound of the hammer, which features in the last movement, was stipulated by Mahler to be "brief and mighty, but dull in resonance and with a non-metallic character (like the fall of an axe)." The sound achieved in the premiere did not quite carry far enough from the stage, and indeed the problem of achieving the proper volume while still remaining dull in resonance remains a challenge to the modern orchestra. Various methods of producing the sound have involved a wooden <a href="/wiki/Mallet" title="Mallet">mallet</a> striking a wooden surface, a <a href="/wiki/Sledgehammer" title="Sledgehammer">sledgehammer</a> striking a wooden box, or a particularly large <a href="/wiki/Bass_drum" title="Bass drum">bass drum</a>, or sometimes simultaneous use of more than one of these methods. Contemporaries mocked the use of the hammer, as shown by a caricature from the satirical magazine <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Die_Muskete&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Die Muskete (page does not exist)">Die Muskete</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Muskete" class="extiw" title="de:Die Muskete">de</a>]</span></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symphony_No._6_(Mahler)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The work is in four movements and has a duration of around 80 minutes. The order of the inner movements has been a matter of controversy. The first published edition of the score (C. F. Kahnt, 1906) featured the movements in the following order:<sup id="cite_ref-Darcy_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Darcy-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div><ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman"><li><i><a href="/wiki/Allegro_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Allegro (music)">Allegro</a> energico, ma non troppo. Heftig, aber markig.</i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Scherzo" title="Scherzo">Scherzo</a>: Wuchtig</i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Andante_(tempo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Andante (tempo)">Andante</a> moderato</i></li><li><i>Finale: Sostenuto – Allegro <a href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">moderato</a> – Allegro energico</i></li></ol></div> <p>Mahler later placed the <i>Andante</i> as the second movement, and this new order of the inner movements was reflected in the second and third published editions of the score, as well as the Essen premiere. </p> <div><ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman"><li><i>Allegro energico, ma non troppo. Heftig, aber markig.</i></li><li><i>Andante moderato</i></li><li><i>Scherzo: Wuchtig</i></li><li><i>Finale: Sostenuto – Allegro moderato – Allegro energico</i></li></ol></div> <p>The first three movements are relatively traditional in structure and character, with a standard <a href="/wiki/Sonata_form" title="Sonata form">sonata form</a> first movement (even including an exact repeat of the exposition, unusual in Mahler) leading to the middle movements – one a scherzo-with-trios, the other slow. However, attempts to analyze the vast finale in terms of the sonata archetype have encountered serious difficulties. As <a href="/wiki/Dika_Newlin" title="Dika Newlin">Dika Newlin</a> has pointed out: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>it has elements of what is conventionally known as 'sonata form', but the music does not follow a set pattern ... Thus, 'expositional' treatment merges directly into the type of contrapuntal and modulatory writing appropriate to 'elaboration' sections ...; the beginning of the principal theme-group is recapitulated in C minor rather than in A minor, and the C minor chorale theme ... of the exposition is never recapitulated at all.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="I._Allegro_energico,_ma_non_troppo._Heftig,_aber_markig."><span id="I._Allegro_energico.2C_ma_non_troppo._Heftig.2C_aber_markig."></span>I. <i>Allegro energico, ma non troppo. Heftig, aber markig.</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symphony_No._6_(Mahler)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: I. Allegro energico, ma non troppo. Heftig, aber markig."><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first movement, which for the most part has the character of a <a href="/wiki/March_(music)" title="March (music)">march</a>, features a motif consisting of an <a href="/wiki/A_major" title="A major">A major</a> <a href="/wiki/Chord_(music)" title="Chord (music)">triad</a> turning to <a href="/wiki/A_minor" title="A minor">A minor</a> over a distinctive timpani <a href="/wiki/Rhythm" title="Rhythm">rhythm</a>. The chords are played by trumpets and oboes when first heard, with the trumpets sounding the loudest in the first chord and the oboes in the second. </p> <table role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahler_6_fate_motif.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Mahler_6_fate_motif.png" decoding="async" width="336" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="140" /></a></span></td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahler6mottofull.ogg" title="File:Mahler6mottofull.ogg">Listen</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="10" data-mwtitle="Mahler6mottofull.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/Mahler6mottofull.ogg/Mahler6mottofull.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Mahler6mottofull.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"></div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>This motif reappears in subsequent movements. The first movement also features a soaring melody which the composer's wife, <a href="/wiki/Alma_Mahler" title="Alma Mahler">Alma Mahler</a>, claimed represented her. This melody is often called the "Alma theme".<sup id="cite_ref-Monahan_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monahan-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A restatement of that theme at the movement's end marks the happiest point of the symphony. </p> <div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/m/w/mwjq3r009uj5gv8tufzzgk6bbdstqbm/mwjq3r00.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/m/w/mwjq3r009uj5gv8tufzzgk6bbdstqbm/mwjq3r00.png" width="408" height="95" alt=" \relative c'' { \clef treble \key f \major \numericTimeSignature \time 4/4 \partial 8*3 a'8(\f\< bes c)\! | \slashedGrace { a,( } d'4.)(\ff^"Schwungvoll" c8) \slashedGrace { bes,( } bes'\sf)([ g\sf) e8. d16] | d4\sf( c) } " /><div style="margin-top: 3px;"><audio controls=""><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/m/w/mwjq3r009uj5gv8tufzzgk6bbdstqbm/mwjq3r00.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" /><div>Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/m/w/mwjq3r009uj5gv8tufzzgk6bbdstqbm/mwjq3r00.mp3">download the audio file</a>.</div></audio></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="II._Scherzo:_Wuchtig">II. <i>Scherzo: Wuchtig</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symphony_No._6_(Mahler)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: II. Scherzo: Wuchtig"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The scherzo marks a return to the unrelenting march rhythms of the first movement, though in a 'triple-time' metrical context. </p> <div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/4/x/4x8qxnkax53d12mpb5lcihteu264wt4/4x8qxnka.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/4/x/4x8qxnkax53d12mpb5lcihteu264wt4/4x8qxnka.png" width="765" height="139" alt=" { \new PianoStaff << \new Staff \relative c' { \clef treble \time 3/8 \key a \minor \tempo "Wuchtig" \partial 8*1 s8 | s4. | r8 r8 \grace { b16([ d] } a'\ff)[ r32 gis] | a16[ r32 gis a16 r32 gis a16 r32 gis] | a16[ r32 gis a16 r32 gis a16 r32 gis] | \grace { a16([ b] } c8\sf)([ a16)] r } \new Staff \relative c { \clef bass \time 3/8 \key a \minor a8[\sf | a a] a[\sf | a a] a[\sf | a a] a[\sf | a a] a[\sf | a a] } >> } " /><div style="margin-top: 3px;"><audio controls=""><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/4/x/4x8qxnkax53d12mpb5lcihteu264wt4/4x8qxnka.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" /><div>Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/4/x/4x8qxnkax53d12mpb5lcihteu264wt4/4x8qxnka.mp3">download the audio file</a>.</div></audio></div></div> <p>Its <a href="/wiki/Trio_(music)" title="Trio (music)">trio</a> (the middle section), marked <i>Altväterisch</i> ('old-fashioned'), is rhythmically irregular (<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>8</b></sub></span></span></span></span> switching to <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>3</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>8</b></sub></span></span></span></span> and <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>3</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sub></span></span></span></span>) and of a somewhat gentler character. </p> <div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/d/1/d1v0pe8fc4omtkcge7pwlpan8f5evnv/d1v0pe8f.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/d/1/d1v0pe8fc4omtkcge7pwlpan8f5evnv/d1v0pe8f.png" width="457" height="64" alt=" \relative c'' { \clef treble \key f \major \time 3/8 \partial 8*1 c8\f-. | c\>-. c-. c-.\! | \time 4/8 a(\p c16 a f8->)\breathe c' | \time 3/8 c-.\< c-. c-.\! | \time 4/8 bes16( c a bes g8)-.\breathe } " /><div style="margin-top: 3px;"><audio controls=""><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/d/1/d1v0pe8fc4omtkcge7pwlpan8f5evnv/d1v0pe8f.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" /><div>Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/d/1/d1v0pe8fc4omtkcge7pwlpan8f5evnv/d1v0pe8f.mp3">download the audio file</a>.</div></audio></div></div> <p>According to Alma Mahler, in this movement Mahler "represented the unrhythmical games of the two little children, tottering in zigzags over the sand".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The chronology of its composition suggests otherwise. The movement was composed in the summer of 1903, when Maria Anna (born November 1902) was less than a year old.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Anna_Mahler" title="Anna Mahler">Anna Justine</a> was born a year later in June 1904.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="III._Andante_moderato">III. <i>Andante moderato</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symphony_No._6_(Mahler)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: III. Andante moderato"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132"><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahler_Symphony_No_6_Andante_Moderato.ogg" title="File:Mahler Symphony No 6 Andante Moderato.ogg">III. <i>Andante moderato</i></a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="906" data-mwtitle="Mahler_Symphony_No_6_Andante_Moderato.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Mahler_Symphony_No_6_Andante_Moderato.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d8/Mahler_Symphony_No_6_Andante_Moderato.ogg/Mahler_Symphony_No_6_Andante_Moderato.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Performed by the Virtual Philharmonic Orchestra (Reinhold Behringer) with digital samples</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Andante_(tempo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Andante (tempo)">andante</a> provides a respite from the intensity of the rest of the work. Its main theme is an introspective ten-bar phrase in E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> major, though it frequently touches on the minor mode as well. The orchestration is more delicate and reserved in this movement, making it all the more poignant when compared to the other three. </p> <div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/p/e/pezxc4uv8isv5lh8e2v2ijrvs0jujfa/pezxc4uv.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/p/e/pezxc4uv8isv5lh8e2v2ijrvs0jujfa/pezxc4uv.png" width="570" height="71" alt=" \relative c' { \clef treble \key ees \major \numericTimeSignature \time 4/4 \tempo "Andante moderato" \partial 4*1 ees8\pp( f) | g4( ees'8 g,) aes( fes) ees-- d-- | ees2( bes4) d!8( ees) | f!4.--( f8--) f([ ges16 f ees8 f)] | ges2. } " /><div style="margin-top: 3px;"><audio controls=""><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/p/e/pezxc4uv8isv5lh8e2v2ijrvs0jujfa/pezxc4uv.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" /><div>Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/p/e/pezxc4uv8isv5lh8e2v2ijrvs0jujfa/pezxc4uv.mp3">download the audio file</a>.</div></audio></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IV._Finale:_Sostenuto_–_Allegro_moderato_–_Allegro_energico"><span id="IV._Finale:_Sostenuto_.E2.80.93_Allegro_moderato_.E2.80.93_Allegro_energico"></span>IV. <i>Finale: Sostenuto – Allegro moderato – Allegro energico</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symphony_No._6_(Mahler)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: IV. Finale: Sostenuto – Allegro moderato – Allegro energico"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Version_of_the_%27Mahler_hammer%27_as_used_by_the_Baltimore_Symphony_Orchestra_for_a_performance_in_November_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Version_of_the_%27Mahler_hammer%27_as_used_by_the_Baltimore_Symphony_Orchestra_for_a_performance_in_November_2016.jpg/220px-Version_of_the_%27Mahler_hammer%27_as_used_by_the_Baltimore_Symphony_Orchestra_for_a_performance_in_November_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Version_of_the_%27Mahler_hammer%27_as_used_by_the_Baltimore_Symphony_Orchestra_for_a_performance_in_November_2016.jpg/330px-Version_of_the_%27Mahler_hammer%27_as_used_by_the_Baltimore_Symphony_Orchestra_for_a_performance_in_November_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Version_of_the_%27Mahler_hammer%27_as_used_by_the_Baltimore_Symphony_Orchestra_for_a_performance_in_November_2016.jpg/440px-Version_of_the_%27Mahler_hammer%27_as_used_by_the_Baltimore_Symphony_Orchestra_for_a_performance_in_November_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Another version of the "hammer", used by the <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Baltimore Symphony Orchestra">Baltimore Symphony Orchestra</a> for performances in November 2016</figcaption></figure> <p>The last movement is an extended sonata form with an introduction and coda, characterized by drastic changes in mood and tempo, the sudden change of glorious soaring melody to deep agony.<sup id="cite_ref-HLDLG1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HLDLG1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/p/8/p8iye5gdr1ste5wjs6wdn8armnbmrot/p8iye5gd.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/p/8/p8iye5gdr1ste5wjs6wdn8armnbmrot/p8iye5gd.png" width="584" height="94" alt=" \relative c'' { \clef treble \time 2/2 \key c \minor c2\f c'~\> | c4 b\!-- c-- d-- | ees4.\< f8 aes2~\! | aes4( ges) ees-- c-- | bes( aes) f'-- ees-- | c--_\markup{\italic "dim."} aes-- ees-- c-- } " /><div style="margin-top: 3px;"><audio controls=""><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/p/8/p8iye5gdr1ste5wjs6wdn8armnbmrot/p8iye5gd.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" /><div>Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/p/8/p8iye5gdr1ste5wjs6wdn8armnbmrot/p8iye5gd.mp3">download the audio file</a>.</div></audio></div></div> <p>The movement is punctuated by two hammer blows. The original score had five hammer blows, which Mahler subsequently reduced to three, and eventually to two.<sup id="cite_ref-HLDLG1_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HLDLG1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hurwitz_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hurwitz-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Duggan_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duggan-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/d/l/dl3gakkdg3f8838thtikz86etbt5g7u/dl3gakkd.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/d/l/dl3gakkdg3f8838thtikz86etbt5g7u/dl3gakkd.png" width="270" height="139" alt=" << \new Staff \relative c' { \clef bass \time 2/2 \key bes \major bes1\ff-> | bes,2.-> aes4-> | g1-> } \new RhythmicStaff { \clef bass b4_"Hammer"\ff r4 r2 | r1 | r1 } >> " /><div style="margin-top: 3px;"><audio controls=""><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/d/l/dl3gakkdg3f8838thtikz86etbt5g7u/dl3gakkd.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" /><div>Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/d/l/dl3gakkdg3f8838thtikz86etbt5g7u/dl3gakkd.mp3">download the audio file</a>.</div></audio></div></div> <p>Alma quoted her husband as saying that these were three mighty blows of fate befallen by the hero, "the third of which fells him like a tree". She identified these blows with three later events in Gustav Mahler's own life: the death of his eldest daughter Maria Anna Mahler, the diagnosis of an eventually fatal heart condition, and his forced resignation from the Vienna Opera and departure from Vienna. When he revised the work, Mahler removed the last of these three hammer strokes so that the music built to a sudden moment of stillness in place of the third blow. Some recordings and performances, notably those of <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a>, have restored the third hammer blow.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The piece ends with the same rhythmic motif that appeared in the first movement, but the chord above it is a simple A minor triad, rather than A major turning into A minor. After the third 'hammer-blow' passage, the music gropes in darkness and then the trombones and horns begin to offer consolation. However, after they turn briefly to major they fade away and the final bars erupt <span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><i><b>fff</b></i></span> in the minor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Order_of_the_inner_movements_and_performance_history_issue">Order of the inner movements and performance history issue</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symphony_No._6_(Mahler)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Order of the inner movements and performance history issue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Initial_history">Initial history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symphony_No._6_(Mahler)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Initial history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Controversy exists over the order of the two middle movements. Mahler conceived the work as having the scherzo second and the slow movement third, a somewhat unclassical arrangement adumbrated in such earlier large-scale symphonies as Beethoven's <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._9_(Beethoven)" title="Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)">No. 9</a>, Bruckner's <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._8_(Bruckner)" title="Symphony No. 8 (Bruckner)">No. 8</a> and (unfinished) <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._9_(Bruckner)" title="Symphony No. 9 (Bruckner)">No. 9</a>, and Mahler's own four-movement <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._1_(Mahler)" title="Symphony No. 1 (Mahler)">No. 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._4_(Mahler)" title="Symphony No. 4 (Mahler)">No. 4</a>. It was in this arrangement that the symphony was completed (in 1904) and published (in March 1906); and it was with a conducting score in which the scherzo preceded the slow movement that Mahler began rehearsals for the work's first performance, as noted by Mahler biographer <a href="/wiki/Henry-Louis_de_La_Grange" title="Henry-Louis de La Grange">Henry-Louis de La Grange</a>: </p> <blockquote><p>"Scherzo 2" was undeniably the original order, the one in which Mahler first conceived, composed, and published the Sixth Symphony, and also the one in which he rehearsed the work with two different orchestras before changing his mind at the last minute before the premiere.<sup id="cite_ref-HLDLG2_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HLDLG2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Alfred Roller, a close collaborator and colleague of Mahler's in Vienna, communicated in a 2 May 1906 letter to his fiancée Mileva Stojsavljevic, on the Mahlers' reaction to the 1 May 1906 orchestral rehearsal of the work in Vienna, in its original movement order: </p> <blockquote><p>Today I was there at noon, but I could not talk much with Alma, since M[ahler] was almost always there, I saw only that the two of them were very happy and satisfied...<sup id="cite_ref-HLDLG2_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HLDLG2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>During those later May 1906 rehearsals in Essen, however, Mahler decided that the slow movement should precede the scherzo. Klaus Pringsheim, another colleague of Mahler's at the Hofoper, reminisced in a 1920 article on the situation at the Essen rehearsals, on Mahler's state of mind at the time: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Those close to him were well aware of Mahler's "insecurity". Even after the final rehearsal he was still not sure whether or not he had found the right tempo for the Scherzo, and had wondered whether he should invert the order of the second and third movements (which he subsequently did).<sup id="cite_ref-HLDLG2_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HLDLG2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Mahler instructed his publishers <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Friedrich_Kahnt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Friedrich Kahnt (page does not exist)">Christian Friedrich Kahnt</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Friedrich_Kahnt" class="extiw" title="de:Christian Friedrich Kahnt">de</a>]</span> to prepare a "second edition" of the work with the movements in that order, and meanwhile to insert errata slips indicating the change of order into all unsold copies of the existing edition. Mahler conducted the 27 May 1906 public premiere, and his other two subsequent performances of the Sixth Symphony, in November 1906 (Munich) and 4 January 1907 (Vienna) with his revised order of the inner movements. In the period immediately after Mahler's death, scholars such as Paul Bekker, Ernst Decsey, Richard Specht, and Paul Stefan published studies with reference to the Sixth Symphony in Mahler's second edition with the Andante/Scherzo order.<sup id="cite_ref-HLDLG1_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HLDLG1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_from_1911_to_1960">History from 1911 to 1960</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symphony_No._6_(Mahler)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: History from 1911 to 1960"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the first occasions after Mahler's death where the conductor reverted to the original movement order is in 1919/1920, after an inquiry in the autumn of 1919 from <a href="/wiki/Willem_Mengelberg" title="Willem Mengelberg">Willem Mengelberg</a> to Alma Mahler in preparation for the May 1920 Mahler Festival in Amsterdam of the complete symphonies, regarding the order of the inner movements of the Sixth Symphony. In a telegram dated 1 October 1919, Alma responded to Mengelberg:<sup id="cite_ref-HLDLG1_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HLDLG1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i>Erst Scherzo dann Andante herzlichst Alma</i> ("First Scherzo then Andante affectionately Alma")<sup id="cite_ref-HLDLG1_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HLDLG1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Mengelberg, who had been in close touch with Mahler until the latter's death, and had conducted the symphony in the "Andante/Scherzo" arrangement up to 1916, then switched to the "Scherzo/Andante" order. In his own copy of the score, he wrote on the first page:<sup id="cite_ref-HLDLG1_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HLDLG1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i>Nach Mahlers Angabe II erst Scherzo dann III Andante</i> ("According to Mahler's indications, first II Scherzo, then III Andante")<sup id="cite_ref-HLDLG2_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HLDLG2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Other conductors, such as <a href="/wiki/Oskar_Fried" title="Oskar Fried">Oskar Fried</a>, continued to perform (and eventually record) the work as 'Andante/Scherzo', per the second edition, right up to the early 1960s. Exceptions included two performances in Vienna on 14 December 1930 and 23 May 1933, conducted by <a href="/wiki/Anton_Webern" title="Anton Webern">Anton Webern</a>, who utilised the Scherzo/Andante order of the inner movements. Anna Mahler, Mahler's daughter, attended both of these performances.<sup id="cite_ref-HLDLG2_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HLDLG2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De La Grange commented on Webern's choice of the Scherzo/Andante order: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Anton Webern had favoured the original order of movements in the two performances he conducted in Vienna on 14 December 1930 and 23 May 1933. Webern was not only a great composer, but also one of Mahler's earliest and most passionate devotees and a much admired conductor of Mahler's music...it is inconceivable that he could have performed a version that would have shocked and displeased his beloved master and mentor."<sup id="cite_ref-HLDLG2_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HLDLG2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Erwin_Ratz_edition_(1963-2000's)"><span id="Erwin_Ratz_edition_.281963-2000.27s.29"></span>Erwin Ratz edition (1963-2000's)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symphony_No._6_(Mahler)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Erwin Ratz edition (1963-2000's)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1963, a new critical edition of the Sixth Symphony appeared, under the auspices of the <i>Internationale Gustav Mahler Gesellschaft</i> (IGMG) and its president, Erwin Ratz, a pupil of Webern,<sup id="cite_ref-HLDLG2_17-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HLDLG2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an edition which restored Mahler's original order of the inner movements. Ratz, however, did not offer documented support, such as Alma Mahler's 1919 telegram, for his assertion that Mahler "changed his mind a second time" at some point before his death. In his analysis of the Sixth Symphony, <a href="/wiki/Norman_Del_Mar" title="Norman Del Mar">Norman Del Mar</a> argued for the <i>Andante</i>/<i>Scherzo</i> order of the inner movements,<sup id="cite_ref-Kubik_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kubik-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 43">: 43 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and criticised the Ratz edition for its lack of documentary evidence to justify the <i>Scherzo</i>/<i>Andante</i> order. In contrast, scholars such as <a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._Adorno" title="Theodor W. Adorno">Theodor W. Adorno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry-Louis_de_La_Grange" title="Henry-Louis de La Grange">Henry-Louis de La Grange</a>, Hans-Peter Jülg and <a href="/wiki/Karl_Heinz_F%C3%BCssl" title="Karl Heinz Füssl">Karl Heinz Füssl</a> have argued for the original order as more appropriate, expostulating on the overall tonal scheme and the various relationships between the keys in the final three movements. Füssl, in particular, noted that Ratz made his decision under historical circumstances where the history of the different autographs and versions was not completely known at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-HLDLG1_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HLDLG1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Füssl has also noted the following features of the <i>Scherzo</i>/<i>Andante</i> order:<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The Scherzo is an example of 'developing variation' in its treatment of material from the first movement, where separation of the Scherzo from the first movement by the Andante disrupts that linkage.</li> <li>The Scherzo and the first movement use identical keys, A minor at the beginning and F major in the trio.</li> <li>The Andante's key, E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> major, is farthest removed from the key at the close of the first movement (A major), whilst the C minor key at the beginning of the finale acts as transition from E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> major to A minor, the principal key of the finale.</li></ul> <p>The 1968 Eulenberg Edition of the Sixth Symphony, edited by <a href="/wiki/Hans_Redlich" title="Hans Redlich">Hans Redlich</a>, restores most of Mahler's original orchestration and utilises the original order of Scherzo/Andante for the order of the middle movements.<sup id="cite_ref-Hurwitz_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hurwitz-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kubik_edition_(2010-present)"><span id="Kubik_edition_.282010-present.29"></span>Kubik edition (2010-present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symphony_No._6_(Mahler)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Kubik edition (2010-present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most recent IGMG critical edition of the Sixth Symphony was published in 2010, under the general editorship of <a href="/wiki/Reinhold_Kubik" title="Reinhold Kubik">Reinhold Kubik</a>, and uses the Andante/Scherzo order for the middle movements.<sup id="cite_ref-Hurwitz_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hurwitz-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kubik had previously declared in 2004: </p> <dl><dd>"As the current Chief Editor of the Complete Critical Edition, I declare the official position of the institution I represent is that the correct order of the middle movements of Mahler's Sixth Symphony is Andante-Scherzo."<sup id="cite_ref-Kubik_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kubik-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>This statement has been criticised, in the manner of earlier criticism of Ratz, on several levels:<br /> </p> <ul><li>for itself lacking documentary support and for expressing a personal preference based on subjective animus related to the <a href="/wiki/Alma_Problem" title="Alma Problem">Alma Problem</a>, rather than any actual documentary evidence<sup id="cite_ref-Hurwitz_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hurwitz-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>for its blanket dismissal of the evidence of the original score with the Scherzo/Andante order<sup id="cite_ref-HLDLG2_17-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HLDLG2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>for imposing an advance bias rather than allowing musicians to arrive at their own choice independently.<sup id="cite_ref-Hurwitz_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hurwitz-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discussion_on_availability_of_both_options">Discussion on availability of both options</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symphony_No._6_(Mahler)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Discussion on availability of both options"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>British composer <a href="/wiki/David_Matthews_(composer)" title="David Matthews (composer)">David Matthews</a> was a former adherent of the <i>Andante</i>/<i>Scherzo</i> order,<sup id="cite_ref-Darcy_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Darcy-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but has since changed his mind and now argues for <i>Scherzo</i>/<i>Andante</i> as the preferred order, again citing the overall tonal scheme of the symphony.<sup id="cite_ref-DMatthews_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DMatthews-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In keeping with Mahler's original order, British conductor John Carewe has noted parallels between the tonal plan of Beethoven's <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._7_(Beethoven)" title="Symphony No. 7 (Beethoven)">Symphony No. 7</a> and Mahler's Symphony No. 6, with the <i>Scherzo</i>/<i>Andante</i> order of movements in the latter. David Matthews has noted the interconnectivity of the first movement with the <i>Scherzo</i> as similar to Mahler's interconnectivity of the first two movements of the Fifth Symphony, and that performing the Mahler with the <i>Andante</i>/<i>Scherzo</i> order would damage the structure of the tonal key relationships and remove this parallel,<sup id="cite_ref-DMatthews_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DMatthews-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a structural disruption of what de La Grange has described as follows: </p> <blockquote><p>"...that very idea which many listeners today consider one of the most audacious and brilliant ever conceived by Mahler –: the linking of two movements – one in quadruple, the other in triple time – with more or less the same thematic material"<sup id="cite_ref-HLDLG2_17-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HLDLG2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Moreover, de La Grange, referring to the 1919 Mengelberg telegram, has questioned the notion of Alma simply expressing a personal view of the movement order, and reiterates the historical fact of the original movement order: </p> <blockquote><div class="poem"> <p>"The fact that the initial order had the composer's stamp of approval for two whole years prior to the premiere argues for further performances in that form...<br /> <br /> "It is far more likely ten years after Mahler's death and with a much clearer perspective on his life and career, Alma would have sought to be faithful to his artistic intentions. Thus, her telegram of 1919 still remains a strong argument today in favour of Mahler's original order...it is stretching the bounds of both language and reason to describe [Andante-Scherzo] as the "only correct" one. Mahler's Sixth Symphony, like many other compositions in the repertory, will always remain a "dual-version" work, but few of the others have attracted quite as much controversy."<sup id="cite_ref-HLDLG2_17-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HLDLG2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div></blockquote> <p>De La Grange has noted the justification of having both options available for conductors to choose: </p> <blockquote><p>"...given that Mahler changed his mind so many times, it is understandable that a conductor might nowadays wish to stand by the order in the second version, if he is deeply convinced that he can serve the work better by doing this."<sup id="cite_ref-HLDLG1_13-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HLDLG1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p>Mahler scholar <a href="/wiki/Donald_Mitchell_(writer)" title="Donald Mitchell (writer)">Donald Mitchell</a> echoed the dual-version scenario and the need for the availability of both options: </p> <blockquote><p>"I believe that all serious students of his music should make up their own minds about which order in their view represents Mahler's genius. He was after all in two minds about it himself. We should let the music – how we hear it – decide! For me there is no right or wrong in this matter. We should continue to hear, quite legitimately, both versions of the symphony, according to the convictions of the interpreters involved. After all the first version has a fascinating history and legitimacy endowed by none other than the composer himself! Of course we must respect the fact of his final change of mind but to imagine that we should accept this without debate or comment beggars belief."<sup id="cite_ref-HLDLG2_17-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HLDLG2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Matthews, Paul Banks and scholar Warren Darcy (the last an advocate for the <i>Andante</i>/<i>Scherzo</i> order) have independently proposed the idea of two separate editions of the symphony, one to accommodate each version of the order of the inner movements.<sup id="cite_ref-Darcy_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Darcy-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DMatthews_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DMatthews-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Music commentator <a href="/wiki/David_Hurwitz_(music_critic)" title="David Hurwitz (music critic)">David Hurwitz</a> has likewise remarked: </p> <blockquote><p>"So as far as the facts go, then, we have on the one hand what Mahler actually did when he last performed the symphony, and on the other hand, what he originally composed and what his wife reported that he ultimately wanted. Any objective observer would be compelled to admit that this constitutes strong evidence for both perspectives. This being the case, the responsible thing to do in revisiting the need for a new Critical Edition would be to set out all of the arguments on each side, and then <i>take no position</i>. Let the performers decide, and admit frankly that if the criterion for making a decision regarding the correct order of the inner movements must be what Mahler himself ultimately wanted, then no final answer is possible."<sup id="cite_ref-Hurwitz_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hurwitz-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>An additional question is whether to restore the third hammer blow. Both the Ratz edition and the Kubik edition delete the third hammer blow. However, advocates on opposite sides of the inner movement debate, such as Del Mar and Matthews, have separately argued for restoration of the third hammer blow.<sup id="cite_ref-DMatthews_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DMatthews-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_discography">Selected discography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symphony_No._6_(Mahler)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Selected discography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This discography encompasses both audio and video recordings, and classifies them as to the order of the middle movements. Recordings with three hammer blows in the finale are noted with an asterisk (*). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scherzo_/_Andante"><span id="Scherzo_.2F_Andante"></span>Scherzo / Andante</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symphony_No._6_(Mahler)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Scherzo / Andante"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Leinsdorf" title="Erich Leinsdorf">Erich Leinsdorf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boston_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Boston Symphony Orchestra">Boston Symphony Orchestra</a>, RCA Victor Red Seal LSC-7044</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jascha_Horenstein" title="Jascha Horenstein">Jascha Horenstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Stockholm_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra">Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra</a>, Unicorn UKCD 2024/5 (live recording from 1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_Philharmonic" title="New York Philharmonic">New York Philharmonic</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-NYP2_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYP2-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sony Classical SMK 60208 (*)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Neumann" title="Václav Neumann">Václav Neumann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leipzig_Gewandhaus_Orchestra" title="Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra">Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra</a>, Berlin Classics 0090452BC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Szell" title="George Szell">George Szell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Orchestra" title="Cleveland Orchestra">Cleveland Orchestra</a>, Sony Classical SBK 47654</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Haitink" title="Bernard Haitink">Bernard Haitink</a>, Concertgebouw Orchestra, Amsterdam, Q-DISC 97014 (live performance from November 1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Kubel%C3%ADk" title="Rafael Kubelík">Rafael Kubelík</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Radio_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra">Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra</a>, Deutsche Grammophon 289 478 7897-1</li> <li>Rafael Kubelík, Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra, Audite 1475671 (live recording of 6 December 1968 performance)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Haitink" title="Bernard Haitink">Bernard Haitink</a>, Concertgebouw Orchestra, Amsterdam, Philips 289 420 138-2</li> <li>Jascha Horenstein, <a href="/wiki/Bournemouth_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra">Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra</a>, BBC Legends BBCL4191-2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Solti" title="Georg Solti">Georg Solti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Chicago Symphony Orchestra">Chicago Symphony Orchestra</a>, Decca 414 674-2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Zender" title="Hans Zender">Hans Zender</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Radio_Philharmonie_Saarbr%C3%BCcken_Kaiserslautern" title="Deutsche Radio Philharmonie Saarbrücken Kaiserslautern">Saarbrücken Radio Symphony Orchestra</a>, CPO 999 477-2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Abravanel" title="Maurice Abravanel">Maurice Abravanel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utah_Symphony" title="Utah Symphony">Utah Symphony</a>, Vanguard Classics SRV 323/4 (LP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_von_Karajan" title="Herbert von Karajan">Herbert von Karajan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Philharmonic" title="Berlin Philharmonic">Berlin Philharmonic</a>, Deutsche Grammophon 289 415 099-2</li> <li>Leonard Bernstein, <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Philharmonic" title="Vienna Philharmonic">Vienna Philharmonic</a>, Deutsche Grammophon DVD 440 073 409-05 (live film recording from October 1976) (*)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine">James Levine</a>, <a href="/wiki/London_Symphony_Orchestra" title="London Symphony Orchestra">London Symphony Orchestra</a>, RCA Red Seal RCD2-3213</li> <li>Herbert von Karajan, Berlin Philharmonic, Saint Laurent Studio (live recording of 17 June 1977 performance)</li> <li>Herbert von Karajan, Berlin Philharmonic, Fachmann FKM-CDR-193 (live recording of 27 August 1977 performance)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirill_Kondrashin" title="Kirill Kondrashin">Kirill Kondrashin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Philharmonic_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra">Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra</a>, Melodiya CD 10 00811</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Neumann" title="Václav Neumann">Václav Neumann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Philharmonic" title="Czech Philharmonic">Czech Philharmonic</a>, Supraphon 11 1977-2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Abbado" title="Claudio Abbado">Claudio Abbado</a>, Chicago Symphony Orchestra, Deutsche Grammophon 289 423 928-2</li> <li>Milan Horvat, Philharmonica Slavonica, Line 4593003</li> <li>Kirill Kondrashin, SWR Sinfonieorchester Baden-Baden und Freiburg, Hänssler Classic 9842273 (live recording from January 1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorin_Maazel" title="Lorin Maazel">Lorin Maazel</a>, Vienna Philharmonic, Sony Classical S14K 48198</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Tennstedt" title="Klaus Tennstedt">Klaus Tennstedt</a>, <a href="/wiki/London_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="London Philharmonic Orchestra">London Philharmonic Orchestra</a>, EMI Classics CDC7 47050-8</li> <li>Klaus Tennstedt, London Philharmonic Orchestra. LPO-0038 (live recording from the 1983 Proms)</li> <li>Erich Leinsdorf, Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra, Orfeo C 554 011 B (live recording of 10 June 1983 performance)</li> <li>Gary Bertini, Cologne Radio Symphony Orchestra, EMI Classics 94634 02382</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Sinopoli" title="Giuseppe Sinopoli">Giuseppe Sinopoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philharmonia_Orchestra" title="Philharmonia Orchestra">Philharmonia Orchestra</a>, Deutsche Grammophon 289 423 082-2</li> <li>Eliahu Inbal, Frankfurt Radio Symphony Orchestra, 1986, Denon Blu-spec cd (COCO-73280-1)</li> <li>Leonard Bernstein, Vienna Philharmonic, Deutsche Grammophon 289 427 697-2 (*)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michiyoshi_Inoue" title="Michiyoshi Inoue">Michiyoshi Inoue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Royal Philharmonic Orchestra">Royal Philharmonic Orchestra</a>, Pickwick/RPO CDRPO 9005</li> <li>Bernard Haitink, <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Philharmonic" title="Berlin Philharmonic">Berlin Philharmonic</a>, Philips 289 426 257-2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Chailly" title="Riccardo Chailly">Riccardo Chailly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Concertgebouw_Orchestra" title="Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra">Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra</a>, Decca 444 871-2</li> <li>Hartmut Haenchen, Netherlands Philharmonic Orchestra, Capriccio 10 543</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Wakasugi" title="Hiroshi Wakasugi">Hiroshi Wakasugi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Tokyo Metropolitan Symphony Orchestra">Tokyo Metropolitan Symphony Orchestra</a>, 1989, Fontec FOCD9022/3</li> <li>Leif Segerstam, <a href="/wiki/Danish_Radio_Symphony_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish Radio Symphony Orchestra">Danish Radio Symphony Orchestra</a>, Chandos CHAN 8956/7</li> <li>Christoph von Dohnányi, Cleveland Orchestra, Decca 289 466 345-2</li> <li>Klaus Tennstedt, London Philharmonic Orchestra, EMI Classics 7243 5 55294 28 (live recording from November 1991)</li> <li>Anton Nanut, Radio Symphony Orchestra Ljubljana, Zyx Classic CLS 4110</li> <li>Neeme Järvi, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Scottish_National_Orchestra" title="Royal Scottish National Orchestra">Royal Scottish National Orchestra</a>, Chandos CHAN 9207</li> <li>Antoni Wit, <a href="/wiki/Polish_National_Radio_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra">Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra</a>, Naxos 8.550529</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seiji_Ozawa" title="Seiji Ozawa">Seiji Ozawa</a>, Boston Symphony Orchestra, Philips 289 434 909-2</li> <li>Yevgeny Svetlanov, State Symphony Orchestra of the Russian Federation, Warner Classics 2564 68886-2 (box set)</li> <li>Emil Tabakov, Sofia Philharmonic Orchestra, Capriccio C49043</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edo_de_Waart" title="Edo de Waart">Edo de Waart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Filharmonisch_Orkest" title="Radio Filharmonisch Orkest">Radio Filharmonisch Orkest</a>, RCA 27607</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Pierre Boulez</a>, Vienna Philharmonic, Deutsche Grammophon 289 445 835-2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zubin_Mehta" title="Zubin Mehta">Zubin Mehta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Israel Philharmonic Orchestra">Israel Philharmonic Orchestra</a>, Warner Apex 9106459</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sanderling" title="Thomas Sanderling">Thomas Sanderling</a>, Saint Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra, RS Real Sound RS052-0186</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoel_Levi" title="Yoel Levi">Yoel Levi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Atlanta Symphony Orchestra">Atlanta Symphony Orchestra</a>, Telarc CD 80444</li> <li>Michael Gielen, SWR Sinfonieorchester Baden-Baden und Freiburg, Hänssler Classics 93029</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Herbig" title="Günther Herbig">Günther Herbig</a>, Saarbrücken Radio Symphony Orchestra, Berlin Classics 0094612BC</li> <li>Michiyoshi Inoue, <a href="/wiki/New_Japan_Philharmonic" title="New Japan Philharmonic">New Japan Philharmonic</a>, 2000, Exton OVCL-00121</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Tilson_Thomas" title="Michael Tilson Thomas">Michael Tilson Thomas</a>, San Francisco Symphony, SFS Media 40382001 (recorded September 2001)</li> <li>Bernard Haitink, <a href="/wiki/Orchestre_National_de_France" title="Orchestre National de France">Orchestre National de France</a>, Naïve V4937</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Eschenbach" title="Christoph Eschenbach">Christoph Eschenbach</a>, The <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Orchestra" title="Philadelphia Orchestra">Philadelphia Orchestra</a>, Ondine ODE1084-5B</li> <li>Mark Wigglesworth, <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Melbourne Symphony Orchestra">Melbourne Symphony Orchestra</a>, MSO Live 391666</li> <li>Bernard Haitink, Chicago Symphony Orchestra, CSO Resound 210000045796</li> <li>Gabriel Feltz, Stuttgart Philharmonic, Dreyer Gaido 9595564</li> <li>Vladimir Fedoseyev, Tchaikovsky Symphony Orchestra of Moscow Radio, Relief 2735809</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eiji_Oue" title="Eiji Oue">Eiji Oue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osaka_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Osaka Philharmonic Orchestra">Osaka Philharmonic Orchestra</a>, Fontec FOCD9253/4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takashi_Asahina" class="mw-redirect" title="Takashi Asahina">Takashi Asahina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osaka_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Osaka Philharmonic Orchestra">Osaka Philharmonic Orchestra</a>, Green Door GDOP-2009</li> <li>Jonathan Nott, Bamberg Symphony Orchestra, Tudor 7191</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esa-Pekka_Salonen" title="Esa-Pekka Salonen">Esa-Pekka Salonen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philharmonia_Orchestra" title="Philharmonia Orchestra">Philharmonia Orchestra</a>, Signum SIGCD275</li> <li>Hartmut Haenchen, Orchestre Symphonique du Théâtre de la Monnaie, ICA Classics DVD ICAD5018</li> <li>Antal Doráti, Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, Helicon 9699053 (live recording of 27 October 1963 performance)</li> <li>Lorin Maazel, Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, RCO Live RCO 12101 DVD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paavo_J%C3%A4rvi" title="Paavo Järvi">Paavo Järvi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hr-Sinfonieorchester" class="mw-redirect" title="Hr-Sinfonieorchester">Frankfurt Radio Symphony Orchestra</a>, C-Major DVD 729404</li> <li>Jukka-Pekka Saraste, <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Philharmonic" title="Oslo Philharmonic">Oslo Philharmonic</a>, Simax PSC1316 (*)</li> <li>Pierre Boulez, <a href="/wiki/Lucerne_Festival_Academy" title="Lucerne Festival Academy">Lucerne Festival Academy</a> Orchestra, Accentus Music ACC30230</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Pappano" title="Antonio Pappano">Antonio Pappano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orchestra_dell%27Accademia_Nazionale_di_Santa_Cecilia" title="Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia">Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia</a>, EMI Classics (Warner Classics 5099908441324)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorin_Maazel" title="Lorin Maazel">Lorin Maazel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philharmonia_Orchestra" title="Philharmonia Orchestra">Philharmonia Orchestra</a>, Signum SIGCD361</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaap_van_Zweden" title="Jaap van Zweden">Jaap van Zweden</a>, Dallas Symphony Orchestra, DSO Live</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libor_Pe%C5%A1ek" title="Libor Pešek">Libor Pešek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_National_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Czech National Symphony Orchestra">Czech National Symphony Orchestra</a>, Out of the Frame OUT 068</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Neumann" title="Václav Neumann">Václav Neumann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Philharmonic" title="Czech Philharmonic">Czech Philharmonic</a>, Exton OVCL-00259</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zden%C4%9Bk_M%C3%A1cal" title="Zdeněk Mácal">Zdeněk Mácal</a>, Czech Philharmonic, Exton OVCL-00245</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Ashkenazy" title="Vladimir Ashkenazy">Vladimir Ashkenazy</a>, Czech Philharmonic, Exton OVCL-00051</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliahu_Inbal" title="Eliahu Inbal">Eliahu Inbal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Tokyo Metropolitan Symphony Orchestra">Tokyo Metropolitan Symphony Orchestra</a>, 2007, Fontec SACD (FOCD9369)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliahu_Inbal" title="Eliahu Inbal">Eliahu Inbal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Tokyo Metropolitan Symphony Orchestra">Tokyo Metropolitan Symphony Orchestra</a>, 2013, Exton SACD (OVCL-00516 & OVXL-00090 "one point recording version")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Bertini" title="Gary Bertini">Gary Bertini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Tokyo Metropolitan Symphony Orchestra">Tokyo Metropolitan Symphony Orchestra</a>, Fontec FOCD9182</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Pr%C3%AAtre" title="Georges Prêtre">Georges Prêtre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wiener_Symphoniker" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiener Symphoniker">Wiener Symphoniker</a>, Weitblick SSS0079-2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Sinopoli" title="Giuseppe Sinopoli">Giuseppe Sinopoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart_Radio_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra">Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra</a>, Weitblick SSS0108-2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Barshai" title="Rudolf Barshai">Rudolf Barshai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yomiuri_Nippon_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Yomiuri Nippon Symphony Orchestra">Yomiuri Nippon Symphony Orchestra</a>, Tobu YNSO Archive Series YASCD1009-2</li> <li>Martin Sieghart, Arnhem Philharmonic Orchestra, Exton HGO 0403</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinz_Bongartz" title="Heinz Bongartz">Heinz Bongartz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leipzig_Radio_Symphony_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Leipzig Radio Symphony Orchestra">Leipzig Radio Symphony Orchestra</a>, Weitblick SSS0053-2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teodor_Currentzis" title="Teodor Currentzis">Teodor Currentzis</a>, MusicAeterna, Sony Classical 19075822952</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paavo_J%C3%A4rvi" title="Paavo Järvi">Paavo Järvi</a>, <a href="/wiki/NHK_Symphony_Orchestra" title="NHK Symphony Orchestra">NHK Symphony Orchestra</a>, Tokyo, RCA Victor Red Seal SICC 19040</li> <li>Michael Gielen, SWR Sinfonieorchester Baden-Baden und Freiburg, SWR Classic SWR19080CD (live concert performance from 1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Tilson_Thomas" title="Michael Tilson Thomas">Michael Tilson Thomas</a>, San Francisco Symphony, SFS Media (digital release, UPC 821936007723, live recording of September 2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Netopil" title="Tomáš Netopil">Tomáš Netopil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Essen_Philharmonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Essen Philharmonic">Essen Philharmonic</a>, Oehms Classics OC 1716</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahja_Ling" title="Jahja Ling">Jahja Ling</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Symphony" title="San Diego Symphony">San Diego Symphony</a>, San Diego Symphony proprietary label, Jacobs Masterworks (recorded 2008)</li> <li>Mariss Jansons, Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra, BR Klassik 900719 (live performance from October 2011)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Andante_/_Scherzo"><span id="Andante_.2F_Scherzo"></span>Andante / Scherzo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symphony_No._6_(Mahler)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Andante / Scherzo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Charles Adler, Vienna Symphony Orchestra, Spa Records SPA 59/60</li> <li>Eduard Flipse, <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Rotterdam Philharmonic Orchestra">Rotterdam Philharmonic Orchestra</a>, Philips ABL 3103-4 (LP), Naxos Classical Archives 9.80846-48 (CD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitri_Mitropoulos" title="Dimitri Mitropoulos">Dimitri Mitropoulos</a>, New York Philharmonic,<sup id="cite_ref-NYP2_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYP2-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NYP Editions (live recording from 10 April 1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_van_Beinum" title="Eduard van Beinum">Eduard van Beinum</a>, Concertgebouw Orchestra, Amsterdam, Tahra 614/5 (live recording from 7 December 1955)</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Barbirolli" title="John Barbirolli">John Barbirolli</a>, Berlin Philharmonic, Testament SBT1342 (live recording of 13 January 1966 performance)</li> <li>Sir John Barbirolli. New Philharmonia Orchestra, Testament SBT1451 (live recording of 16 August 1967 Proms performance)</li> <li>Sir John Barbirolli, New Philharmonia Orchestra, EMI 7 67816 2 (studio recording, 17–19 August 1967)</li> <li>Harold Farberman, London Symphony Orchestra, Vox 7212 (CD)</li> <li>Heinz Rögner, Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra, Eterna 8-27 612-613</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Rattle" title="Simon Rattle">Simon Rattle</a>, <a href="/wiki/City_of_Birmingham_Symphony_Orchestra" title="City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra">City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra</a>, EMI Classics CDS5 56925-2</li> <li>Glen Cortese, Manhattan School of Music Symphony Orchestra, Titanic 257</li> <li>Andrew Litton, Dallas Symphony Orchestra, Delos (live recording, limited commemorative edition)</li> <li>Sir Charles Mackerras, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Philharmonic" title="BBC Philharmonic">BBC Philharmonic</a>, BBC Music Magazine MM251 (Vol 13, No 7) (*)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariss_Jansons" title="Mariss Jansons">Mariss Jansons</a>, London Symphony Orchestra, LSO Live LSO0038</li> <li>Claudio Abbado, Berlin Philharmonic, Deutsche Grammophon 289 477 557-39</li> <li>Iván Fischer, <a href="/wiki/Budapest_Festival_Orchestra" title="Budapest Festival Orchestra">Budapest Festival Orchestra</a>, Channel Classics 22905</li> <li>Mariss Jansons, Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, RCO Live RCO06001</li> <li>Claudio Abbado, <a href="/wiki/Lucerne_Festival_Orchestra" title="Lucerne Festival Orchestra">Lucerne Festival Orchestra</a>, Euroarts DVD 2055648</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_Young" title="Simone Young">Simone Young</a>, Hamburg Philharmonic, Oehms Classics OC413</li> <li>David Zinman, <a href="/wiki/Tonhalle_Orchester_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonhalle Orchester Zürich">Tonhalle Orchester Zürich</a>, RCA Red Seal 88697 45165 2</li> <li>Valery Gergiev, London Symphony Orchestra, LSO Live LSO0661</li> <li>Jonathan Darlington, Duisburg Philharmonic, Acousence 7944879</li> <li>Petr Vronsky, Moravian Philharmonic Orchestra, ArcoDiva UP0122-2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabio_Luisi" title="Fabio Luisi">Fabio Luisi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Symphony" title="Vienna Symphony">Vienna Symphony</a>, Live WS003</li> <li>Vladimir Ashkenazy, Sydney Symphony Orchestra, SSO Live</li> <li>Riccardo Chailly, <a href="/wiki/Leipzig_Gewandhaus_Orchestra" title="Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra">Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra</a>, Accentus Music DVD ACC-2068</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markus_Stenz" title="Markus Stenz">Markus Stenz</a>, Gürzenich Orchestra Köln, Oehms Classics OC651</li> <li>Daniel Harding, Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra, BR-Klassik 900132</li> <li>Simon Rattle, Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, BPH 7558515 (live recording from 1987)</li> <li>James Levine, Boston Symphony Orchestra, BSO Classics 0902-D</li> <li>Osmo Vänskä, <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Orchestra" title="Minnesota Orchestra">Minnesota Orchestra</a>, BIS 2266</li> <li>Simon Rattle, Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra (live recordings from 1987 and 2018, with DVD of 2018 performance)</li> <li>Michael Gielen, SWR Sinfonieorchester Baden-Baden und Freiburg, SWR Classic SWR19080CD (live concert performance from 2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Rosbaud" title="Hans Rosbaud">Hans Rosbaud</a>, Southwest German Radio Symphony Orchestra, SWR 19099 (live recording)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81d%C3%A1m_Fischer" title="Ádám Fischer">Ádám Fischer</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorfer_Symphoniker" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorfer Symphoniker">Düsseldorfer Symphoniker</a>, CAvi-music AVI 8553490 (*)</li> <li>Simon Gaudenz, Jenaer Philharmonie, Odradek Recordings ODRCD450</li> <li>Sir Simon Rattle, Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra, BR Klassik 900217</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Premieres">Premieres</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symphony_No._6_(Mahler)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Premieres"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>World premiere: 27 May 1906, <a href="/wiki/Saalbau_Essen" title="Saalbau Essen">Saalbau Essen</a>, conducted by the composer</li> <li>Dutch première: 16 September 1916, Amsterdam, with the <a href="/wiki/Concertgebouw_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Concertgebouw Orchestra">Concertgebouw Orchestra</a> conducted by <a href="/wiki/Willem_Mengelberg" title="Willem Mengelberg">Willem Mengelberg</a></li> <li>American premiere: 11 December 1947, New York City, conducted by <a href="/wiki/Dimitri_Mitropoulos" title="Dimitri Mitropoulos">Dimitri Mitropoulos</a></li> <li>Recording premiere: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Charles_Adler" title="Frederick Charles Adler">F. Charles Adler</a> conducting the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Symphony" title="Vienna Symphony">Vienna Symphony</a>, 1952</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symphony_No._6_(Mahler)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Rabinowitz-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rabinowitz_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rabinowitz_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRabinowitz1981" class="citation journal cs1">Rabinowitz, Peter J. (September 1981). "Pleasure in Conflict: Mahler's Sixth, Tragedy, and Musical Form". <i><a href="/wiki/Comparative_Literature_Studies" title="Comparative Literature Studies">Comparative Literature Studies</a></i>. <b>18</b> (3): 306–313. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40246269">40246269</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+Literature+Studies&rft.atitle=Pleasure+in+Conflict%3A+Mahler%27s+Sixth%2C+Tragedy%2C+and+Musical+Form&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=306-313&rft.date=1981-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40246269%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Rabinowitz&rft.aufirst=Peter+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASymphony+No.+6+%28Mahler%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSybill_Mahlke2008" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sybill Mahlke (2008-06-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tagesspiegel.de/kultur/wo-der-hammer-haengt-komische-oper-/1268424.html">"Wo der Hammer hängt Komische Oper"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Tagesspiegel" title="Der Tagesspiegel">Der Tagesspiegel</a></i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-10-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Tagesspiegel&rft.atitle=Wo+der+Hammer+h%C3%A4ngt+Komische+Oper&rft.date=2008-06-29&rft.au=Sybill+Mahlke&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesspiegel.de%2Fkultur%2Fwo-der-hammer-haengt-komische-oper-%2F1268424.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASymphony+No.+6+%28Mahler%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kubik-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kubik_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kubik_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kubik_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kubik_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kubik_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKubik2004" class="citation book cs1">Kubik, Reinhold (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.posthorn.com/Mahler/Correct_Movement_Order_III.pdf">"Analysis versus history: Erwin Ratz and the Sixth Symphony"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Kaplan" title="Gilbert Kaplan">Gilbert Kaplan</a> (ed.). <i>The Correct Movement Order in Mahler's Sixth Symphony</i>. New York, New York: The Kaplan Foundation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9749613-0-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-9749613-0-2"><bdi>0-9749613-0-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Analysis+versus+history%3A+Erwin+Ratz+and+the+Sixth+Symphony&rft.btitle=The+Correct+Movement+Order+in+Mahler%27s+Sixth+Symphony&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pub=The+Kaplan+Foundation&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-9749613-0-2&rft.aulast=Kubik&rft.aufirst=Reinhold&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.posthorn.com%2FMahler%2FCorrect_Movement_Order_III.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASymphony+No.+6+%28Mahler%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogers2014" class="citation web cs1">Rogers, Kate (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.clevelandorchestra.com/discover/archives/stories/mahlers-sixth/">"A Spotlight on Mahler's Sixth Symphony (quoting Alma Mahler 'Gustav Mahler: Memories and Letters')"</a>. <i>The Cleveland Orchestra</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 Oct</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Cleveland+Orchestra&rft.atitle=A+Spotlight+on+Mahler%27s+Sixth+Symphony+%28quoting+Alma+Mahler+%27Gustav+Mahler%3A+Memories+and+Letters%27%29&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.clevelandorchestra.com%2Fdiscover%2Farchives%2Fstories%2Fmahlers-sixth%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASymphony+No.+6+%28Mahler%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDel_Mar1980" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Del_Mar" title="Norman Del Mar">Del Mar, Norman</a> (1980). <i>Mahler's Sixth Symphony – A Study</i>. London: Eulenberg Books. p. 68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-903873-29-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-903873-29-X"><bdi>0-903873-29-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mahler%27s+Sixth+Symphony+%E2%80%93+A+Study&rft.place=London&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Eulenberg+Books&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-903873-29-X&rft.aulast=Del+Mar&rft.aufirst=Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASymphony+No.+6+%28Mahler%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.swr.de/swrclassic/symphonieorchester/article-swr-404.html">"Mahler 6: Hammer!"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCdwestrundfunk" title="Südwestrundfunk">Südwestrundfunk</a></i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=S%C3%BCdwestrundfunk&rft.atitle=Mahler+6%3A+Hammer%21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.swr.de%2Fswrclassic%2Fsymphonieorchester%2Farticle-swr-404.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASymphony+No.+6+%28Mahler%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Darcy-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Darcy_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Darcy_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Darcy_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDarcy2001" class="citation journal cs1">Darcy, Warren (Summer 2001). "Rotational Form, Teleological Genesis, and Fantasy-Projection in the Slow Movement of Mahler's Sixth Symphony". <i><a href="/wiki/19th-Century_Music" title="19th-Century Music">19th-Century Music</a></i>. <b>XXV</b> (1): 49–74. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fncm.2001.25.1.49">10.1525/ncm.2001.25.1.49</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/ncm.2001.25.1.49">10.1525/ncm.2001.25.1.49</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=19th-Century+Music&rft.atitle=Rotational+Form%2C+Teleological+Genesis%2C+and+Fantasy-Projection+in+the+Slow+Movement+of+Mahler%27s+Sixth+Symphony&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=XXV&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=49-74&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fncm.2001.25.1.49&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1525%2Fncm.2001.25.1.49%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Darcy&rft.aufirst=Warren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASymphony+No.+6+%28Mahler%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dika Newlin, <i>Bruckner, Mahler, Schoenberg</i>, New York, 1947, pp. 184–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Monahan-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Monahan_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonahan2011" class="citation journal cs1">Monahan, Seth (Spring 2011). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"I have tried to capture you ...": Rethinking the "Alma" Theme from Mahler's Sixth Symphony". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_American_Musicological_Society" title="Journal of the American Musicological Society">Journal of the American Musicological Society</a></i>. <b>64</b> (1): 119–178. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fjams.2011.64.1.119">10.1525/jams.2011.64.1.119</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Musicological+Society&rft.atitle=%22I+have+tried+to+capture+you+...%22%3A+Rethinking+the+%22Alma%22+Theme+from+Mahler%27s+Sixth+Symphony&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=119-178&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fjams.2011.64.1.119&rft.aulast=Monahan&rft.aufirst=Seth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASymphony+No.+6+%28Mahler%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooke1980" class="citation book cs1">Cooke, Deryck (1980). <i>Gustav Mahler: An Introduction to his Music</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-23175-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-23175-2"><bdi>0-521-23175-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gustav+Mahler%3A+An+Introduction+to+his+Music&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-521-23175-2&rft.aulast=Cooke&rft.aufirst=Deryck&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASymphony+No.+6+%28Mahler%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischer2011" class="citation book cs1">Fischer, Jens Malte (2011). <i>Gustav Mahler</i>. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 410. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-13444-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-13444-5"><bdi>978-0-300-13444-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gustav+Mahler&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pages=410&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-300-13444-5&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=Jens+Malte&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASymphony+No.+6+%28Mahler%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_La_Grange1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry-Louis_de_La_Grange" title="Henry-Louis de La Grange">de La Grange, Henry-Louis</a> (1995). <i>Gustav Mahler, Volume 2: Vienna: The Years of Challenge</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 705. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-315159-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-315159-6"><bdi>0-19-315159-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gustav+Mahler%2C+Volume+2%3A+Vienna%3A+The+Years+of+Challenge&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=705&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-19-315159-6&rft.aulast=de+La+Grange&rft.aufirst=Henry-Louis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASymphony+No.+6+%28Mahler%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HLDLG1-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HLDLG1_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HLDLG1_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HLDLG1_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HLDLG1_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HLDLG1_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HLDLG1_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HLDLG1_13-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HLDLG1_13-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Henry-Louis_de_La_Grange" title="Henry-Louis de La Grange">de La Grange, Henry-Louis</a>, <i>Gustav Mahler: Volume 3. Vienna: Triumph and Disillusion</i>, Oxford University Press (Oxford, UK), pp. 808–841 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-315160-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-315160-X">0-19-315160-X</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hurwitz-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hurwitz_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hurwitz_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hurwitz_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hurwitz_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hurwitz_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hurwitz_14-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Hurwitz2020" class="citation web cs1">David Hurwitz (May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.classicstoday.com/features/ClassicsToday-Mahler6Score.pdf">"Mahler: Symphony No. 6 (study score). Neue Kritische Gesamtausgabe, Reinhold Kubik, ed. C.F. Peters and Kaplan Foundation. EP 11210"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Classics Today</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Classics+Today&rft.atitle=Mahler%3A+Symphony+No.+6+%28study+score%29.+Neue+Kritische+Gesamtausgabe%2C+Reinhold+Kubik%2C+ed.+C.F.+Peters+and+Kaplan+Foundation.+EP+11210&rft.date=2020-05&rft.au=David+Hurwitz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.classicstoday.com%2Ffeatures%2FClassicsToday-Mahler6Score.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASymphony+No.+6+%28Mahler%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duggan-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Duggan_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTony_Duggan2007" class="citation web cs1">Tony Duggan (May 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicweb-international.com/mahler/Mahler6.htm">"The Mahler Symphonies – A synoptic survey by Tony Duggan: Symphony No. 6"</a>. <i>MusicWeb International</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MusicWeb+International&rft.atitle=The+Mahler+Symphonies+%E2%80%93+A+synoptic+survey+by+Tony+Duggan%3A+Symphony+No.+6&rft.date=2007-05&rft.au=Tony+Duggan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musicweb-international.com%2Fmahler%2FMahler6.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASymphony+No.+6+%28Mahler%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Beale2015" class="citation news cs1">Robert Beale (2015-10-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/whats-on/arts-culture-news/interview-sir-mark-elder-prepares-10184982">"Interview with Sir Mark Elder as he prepares to conduct the Halle in a Mahler marathon"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Evening_News" title="Manchester Evening News">Manchester Evening News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-11-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Manchester+Evening+News&rft.atitle=Interview+with+Sir+Mark+Elder+as+he+prepares+to+conduct+the+Halle+in+a+Mahler+marathon&rft.date=2015-10-02&rft.au=Robert+Beale&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.manchestereveningnews.co.uk%2Fwhats-on%2Farts-culture-news%2Finterview-sir-mark-elder-prepares-10184982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASymphony+No.+6+%28Mahler%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HLDLG2-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HLDLG2_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HLDLG2_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HLDLG2_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HLDLG2_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HLDLG2_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HLDLG2_17-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HLDLG2_17-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HLDLG2_17-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HLDLG2_17-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HLDLG2_17-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HLDLG2_17-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Henry-Louis_de_La_Grange" title="Henry-Louis de La Grange">de La Grange, Henry-Louis</a>, <i>Gustav Mahler, Volume 4: A New Life Cut Short</i>, Oxford University Press (2008), pp. 1578-1587. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198163879" title="Special:BookSources/9780198163879">9780198163879</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Del_Mar" title="Norman Del Mar">Del Mar, Norman</a>, <i>Mahler's Sixth Symphony – A Study</i>. Eulenberg Books (London), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780903873291" title="Special:BookSources/9780903873291">9780903873291</a>, pp. 34–64 (1980).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Heinz_F%C3%BCssl" title="Karl Heinz Füssl">Füssl, Karl Heinz</a>, "Zur Stellung des Mittelsätze in Mahlers Sechste Symphonie". <i>Nachricthen zur Mahler Forschung</i>, <b>27</b>, International Gustav Mahler Society (Vienna), March 1992.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DMatthews-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DMatthews_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DMatthews_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DMatthews_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DMatthews_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Matthews, David, 'The Sixth Symphony', in <i>The Mahler Companion</i> (eds Donald Mitchell and Andrew Nicholson). Oxford University Press (Oxford, UK), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-816376-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-816376-2">0-19-816376-2</a>, pp. 366–375 (1999).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYP2-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYP2_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYP2_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/nyphilharmonic/photos/pcb.10153551368227293/10153551354167293/?type=3&theater">Mahler Symphony No. 6 at the New York Philharmonic</a>, graphic showing movement order and number of hammer blows, 11 February 2016</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symphony_No._6_(Mahler)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Symphony_No._6_(Mahler)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Symphony No. 6 (Mahler)">Symphony No. 6 (Mahler)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="https://imslp.org/wiki/Symphony_No.6_(Mahler,_Gustav)" class="extiw" title="scores:Symphony No.6 (Mahler, Gustav)">Symphony No. 6</a>: Scores at the <a 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href="/wiki/Template:Gustav_Mahler" title="Template:Gustav Mahler"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gustav_Mahler" title="Template talk:Gustav Mahler"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gustav_Mahler" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gustav Mahler"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gustav_Mahler" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler">Gustav Mahler</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Gustav_Mahler" title="List of compositions by Gustav Mahler">List of compositions</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orchestral music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._1_(Mahler)" title="Symphony No. 1 (Mahler)">No. 1 (<i>Titan</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._2_(Mahler)" title="Symphony No. 2 (Mahler)">No. 2 (<i>Resurrection</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._3_(Mahler)" title="Symphony No. 3 (Mahler)">No. 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._4_(Mahler)" title="Symphony No. 4 (Mahler)">No. 4</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mahler_Symphony_No._4_discography" title="Mahler Symphony No. 4 discography"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/10px-CD_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/15px-CD_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/20px-CD_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._5_(Mahler)" title="Symphony No. 5 (Mahler)">No. 5</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">No. 6 (<i>Tragic</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._7_(Mahler)" title="Symphony No. 7 (Mahler)">No. 7 </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._8_(Mahler)" title="Symphony No. 8 (Mahler)">No. 8 (<i>Symphony of a Thousand</i>)</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mahler_Symphony_No._8_discography" title="Mahler Symphony No. 8 discography"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/10px-CD_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/15px-CD_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/20px-CD_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Das_Lied_von_der_Erde" title="Das Lied von der Erde"><i>Das Lied von der Erde</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._9_(Mahler)" title="Symphony No. 9 (Mahler)">No. 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._10_(Mahler)" title="Symphony No. 10 (Mahler)">No. 10</a> <small>(unfinished)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chamber music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Quartet_(Mahler)" title="Piano Quartet (Mahler)">Piano Quartet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vocal music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Das_klagende_Lied" title="Das klagende Lied">Das klagende Lied</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lieder_und_Ges%C3%A4nge_(Mahler)" title="Lieder und Gesänge (Mahler)">Lieder und Gesänge</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lieder_eines_fahrenden_Gesellen" title="Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen">Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Des_Knaben_Wunderhorn_(Mahler)" title="Des Knaben Wunderhorn (Mahler)">Des Knaben Wunderhorn</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCckert-Lieder" title="Rückert-Lieder">Rückert-Lieder</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kindertotenlieder" title="Kindertotenlieder">Kindertotenlieder</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Named for Mahler</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler_Jugendorchester" title="Gustav Mahler Jugendorchester">Gustav Mahler Jugendorchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahler_(crater)" title="Mahler (crater)">Mahler (crater)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahler_Chamber_Orchestra" title="Mahler Chamber Orchestra">Mahler Chamber Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahler_Spur" title="Mahler Spur">Mahler Spur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9diath%C3%A8que_Musicale_Mahler" title="Médiathèque Musicale Mahler">Médiathèque Musicale Mahler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural depictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahler_(film)" title="Mahler (film)">Mahler</a></i> (1974 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bride_of_the_Wind" title="Bride of the Wind">Bride of the Wind</a></i> (2001 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahler_on_the_Couch" title="Mahler on the Couch">Mahler on the Couch</a></i> (2010 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alma_Mahler" title="Alma Mahler">Alma Mahler</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Mahler" title="Anna Mahler">Anna Mahler</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Mahler" title="Arthur Mahler">Arthur Mahler</a> (cousin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Mahler" title="Fritz Mahler">Fritz Mahler</a> (father's cousin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Mahler" title="Otto Mahler">Otto Mahler</a> (brother)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scholars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Blaukopf" title="Kurt Blaukopf">Kurt Blaukopf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Carr_(writer)" title="Jonathan Carr (writer)">Jonathan Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deryck_Cooke" title="Deryck Cooke">Deryck Cooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry-Louis_de_La_Grange" title="Henry-Louis de La Grange">Henry-Louis de La Grange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Mitchell_(writer)" title="Donald Mitchell (writer)">Donald Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Ratz" title="Erwin Ratz">Erwin Ratz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Stefan" title="Paul Stefan">Paul Stefan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alma_Problem" title="Alma Problem">Alma Problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernstein%E2%80%93Mahler_cycle" title="Bernstein–Mahler cycle">Bernstein–Mahler cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_MahlerFest" title="Colorado MahlerFest">Colorado MahlerFest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composing_hut_of_Gustav_Mahler_(Attersee)" title="Composing hut of Gustav Mahler (Attersee)">Composing hut of Gustav Mahler (Attersee)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composing_hut_of_Gustav_Mahler_(W%C3%B6rthersee)" title="Composing hut of Gustav Mahler (Wörthersee)">Composing hut of Gustav Mahler (Wörthersee)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler_Conducting_Competition" title="Gustav Mahler Conducting Competition">Gustav Mahler Conducting Competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler%27s_orchestration_of_Beethoven%27s_Symphony_No._9" title="Gustav Mahler's orchestration of Beethoven's Symphony No. 9">Gustav Mahler's orchestration of Beethoven's Symphony No. 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-romanticism" title="Neo-romanticism">Neo-romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repertory_of_the_Vienna_Court_Opera_under_Gustav_Mahler" title="Repertory of the Vienna Court Opera under Gustav Mahler">Repertory of the Vienna Court Opera under Gustav Mahler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_of_the_Earth_(ballet)" title="Song of the Earth (ballet)"><i>Song of the Earth</i></a> (ballet)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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