Science - Wits University

<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-M5H3MPT');</script>  <meta name="google-site-verification" content="V1x3dMDbb2OCqeWMy6CHKlnHBHSXV3M81c_Zn_YTSQ0" />  <script async src=https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-JPCF6M80CQ></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-JPCF6M80CQ'); </script> <title>Science - Wits University</title> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <meta name="description" content=""> <meta name="author" content="The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg"> <meta name="generator" content="TERMINALFOUR"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/media/wits-university-style-assets/images/favicon.ico" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/media/wits-university-style-assets/css/style-local.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/media/wits-university-style-assets/css/slick.css" />  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="" href="/media/wits-university-style-assets/css/style-updates-renamed.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400italic,400,700,600" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/media/wits-university-style-assets/css/print.css" type="text/css" media="print" />  <script src="/media/wits-university-style-assets/javascript/modernizr.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/media/wits-university-style-assets/css/style-updates.css" />  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="" href="/media/wits-university-style-assets/css/redesign.css" />  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="" href="/media/wits-university-style-assets/css/2023-course-update.css" /> </head> <body class="homepage science-teal">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-M5H3MPT" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <div class="emergencynotice" aria-live="assertive"></div>  <div class="off-canvas-wrap" data-offcanvas>  <main class="inner-wrap">  <header aria-hidden="true" class="page-head-desktop"> <section class="content-row">  <div class="logo-desktop"> <a href="/" title="University of the Witwatersrand"><img src="/media/wits-university-style-assets/images/wits-logo.svg" alt="" title="" class="" style=" " ></a> </div>   <div class="meta-nav-and-search ">  <div class="meta-nav"> <ul class="inline-list"> <li><a href="/about-wits/">About</a></li><li><a href="/people/">People/Staff</a></li><li><a href="/alumni/">Alumni</a></li><li><a href="/library/">Library</a></li><li><a href="/campus-life/">Visit Wits</a></li><li><a href="/givingtowits/">Give</a></li><li><a href="http://wits100.wits.ac.za" target="_blank">Wits100</a></li> </ul> </div>   <div class="navigation-search"> <a href="/"> <button class="homepage-link button" title="Link to homepage" ><i class="fa fa-home"></i><span class="sr-only">Homepage</span> </button> </a> <nav class="content-row main-nav"> <div class="content-block"> <ul class="inline-list"> <li><a href="/study-at-wits/">Study at Wits</a></li><li><a href="/students/">Students</a></li><li><a href="/faculties-and-schools/">Faculties and Schools</a></li><li><a href="/teaching-and-learning/">Teaching and Learning</a></li><li><a href="/research/">Research and Innovation</a></li><li><a href="/news/">News</a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <button class="search-display button" title="Search bar revelar" ><i class="fa fa-search"></i><span class="sr-only">Search</span> </button> </div>  <div class="search search-hidden"> <form id="site-search" action="/search-results/"> <label class="site-search-label at-hidden" for="site-search-text-d">Search the site</label> <div class="content-row search-row"> <div class="site-search-text content-block"> <input type="text" name="q" id="site-search-text-d" placeholder="Search"> </div> <div class="search-now content-block"> <span class="postfix"> <button type="submit" class="search-now button" title="Search now"> <i class="fa fa-search"></i> <span>Search</span> </button> </span> </div> </div> </form> </div>  </div>  </section> </header>   <header class="mobile-header">  <nav class="tab-bar"> <section class="left-small"> <a class="left-off-canvas-toggle menu-icon" href="#off-canvas"> <span></span> Menu </a> </section> <section class="right-small"> <a class="search-toggle" href="#">Search <i class="fa fa-search"></i></a> </section> </nav>   <section class="mobile-site-search content-row"> <div class="content-block"> <form id="site-search" action="/search-results/"> <label class="site-search-label at-hidden" for="site-search-text-d">Search the site</label> <div class="content-row search-row"> <div class="site-search-text content-block"> <input type="text" name="q" id="site-search-text-d" placeholder="Search"> </div> <div class="search-now content-block"> <span class="postfix"> <button type="submit" class="search-now button" title="Search now"> <i class="fa fa-search"></i> <span>Search</span> </button> </span> </div> </div> </form> </div> </section>  <section class="mob-landing-inner-nav-row "> <section class="inner-nav "> <nav> <h3>In this section <i class="fa fa-plus"></i></h3> <ul class="side-nav"><li><a href="/science/undergraduate/">Undergraduate programmes</a></li><li><a href="/science/honours/">Honours programmes</a></li><li><a href="/science/postgraduate/">Postgraduate programmes</a></li><li><a href="/science/schools/">Schools</a></li><li><a href="/science/teaching-and-learning/">Teaching and Learning</a></li><li><a href="/science/research/">Research</a></li><li><a href="/science/news/">News</a></li><li><a href="/science/contact-us/">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </nav> </section> </section>  <section class="logos logo-mobile"> <div class="wits-logo logo"><a href="/" title="University of the Witwatersrand"><img src="/media/wits-university-style-assets/images/Wits_Centenary_Logo_Large.svg" alt="The University of the Witwatersrand Logo" title="The University of the Witwatersrand Logo" class="" style=" " ></a></div> </section>   <aside id="off-canvas" class="left-off-canvas-menu"> <p class="at-hidden"><a href="#start-content">Skip navigation and go to page content</a></p> <nav>  <ul class="off-canvas-list"> <li><label>Sections</label></li> <li><a href="/study-at-wits/">Study at Wits</a></li><li><a href="/students/">Students</a></li><li><a href="/faculties-and-schools/">Faculties and Schools</a></li><li><a href="/teaching-and-learning/">Teaching and Learning</a></li><li><a href="/research/">Research and Innovation</a></li><li><a href="/news/">News</a></li> </ul>   <ul class="off-canvas-meta-nav"> <li><a href="/about-wits/">About</a></li><li><a href="/people/">People/Staff</a></li><li><a href="/alumni/">Alumni</a></li><li><a href="/library/">Library</a></li><li><a href="/campus-life/">Visit Wits</a></li><li><a href="/givingtowits/">Give</a></li><li><a href="http://wits100.wits.ac.za" target="_blank">Wits100</a></li> </ul>  </nav> </aside>  </header>   <header class="secondary-nav--wrapper"> <h2 class="content-row">Faculty of Science</h2> <section class="secondary-nav--desktop"> <nav class="secondary-nav--breadcrumbs content-row"> <ul class="breadcrumbs"><li><a href="/">Home</a><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i></li><li><a href="/faculties-and-schools/">Faculties and Schools</a><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i></li><li>Science</li></ul> </nav> <nav class='secondary-nav--links wits-blue'> <div class='content-row main-nav'> <ul> <li><a href="/science/undergraduate/">Undergraduate study</a></li> <li><a href="/science/honours/">Honours study</a></li> <li><a href="/science/postgraduate/">Postgraduate study</a></li> <li><a href="/science/research/">Research</a></li> <li><a href="/science/teaching-and-learning/">Teaching and Learning</a></li> <li><a href="/science/schools/">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/science/news/">News</a></li> <li><a href="/science/contact-us/">Contact the Faculty</a></li> </ul></div></nav> </section> <section class="secondary-nav--mobile"> <button class="secondary-nav--mobile-btn"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"><span class="sr-only">Menu</span></i> </button> <nav class="secondary-nav--breadcrumbs hide content-row"> <ul class="breadcrumbs"><li><a href="/">Home</a><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i></li><li><a href="/faculties-and-schools/">Faculties and Schools</a><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i></li><li>Science</li></ul> </nav> <nav class='secondary-nav--links hide'> <div class='content-row main-nav'> <ul> <li><a href="/science/undergraduate/">Undergraduate study</a></li> <li><a href="/science/honours/">Honours study</a></li> <li><a href="/science/postgraduate/">Postgraduate study</a></li> <li><a href="/science/research/">Research</a></li> <li><a href="/science/teaching-and-learning/">Teaching and Learning</a></li> <li><a href="/science/schools/">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/science/news/">News</a></li> <li><a href="/science/contact-us/">Contact the Faculty</a></li> </ul></div></nav> </section> </header>  <div style="display: none;" class="content-row ie-ribbon"></div>    <section class="slideshow_course_search other-layouts"> <section class="slideshow--section slider video-slider"> <div class="slideshow--wrapper slick-slides">  <article class="slideshow--slide slick-slide"> <div class="video-wrapper"> <video src="/media/wits-university/faculties-and-schools/science/images/Science.mp4" type="video/mp4" autoplay loop mute > Sorry, your browser doesn't support embedded videos. </video> <button class="play-pause"> <span class="sr-only">Play or pause video</span> <svg class="play" viewBox="0 0 16 16"> <path d="M11.596 8.697l-6.363 3.692c-.54.313-1.233-.066-1.233-.697V4.308c0-.63.692-1.01 1.233-.696l6.363 3.692a.802.802 0 0 1 0 1.393z"/> </svg> <svg class="pause" viewBox="0 0 16 16"> <path d="M5.5 3.5A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 7 5v6a1.5 1.5 0 0 1-3 0V5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 1.5-1.5zm5 0A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 12 5v6a1.5 1.5 0 0 1-3 0V5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 1.5-1.5z"/> </svg> </button> </div> </article>  </div> </section> </section>     <a id="start-content" name="start-content" class="at-hidden">Start main page content</a> <section class="breadcrumbsMain content-row no-padding-bottom"> <nav class="content-block"> <ul class="breadcrumbs"><li><a href="/">Home</a><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i></li><li><a href="/faculties-and-schools/">Faculties and Schools</a><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i></li><li>Science</li></ul> </nav> </section> <section class="news-events"> <div class="content-row"> <div class="news-container">  <span class="news-title t4-title t4-new-title">Latest news<a href="/science/news/"><span class="read-more">More news</span></a></span> <article class="homepage-article"> <a href="/news/latest-news/research-news/2025/2025-02/a-swift-secure-stimulating-experience-awaits-postgraduate-students.html" title="A swift, secure, stimulating experience awaits postgraduate students"> <img class="news-image" src="/media/wits-university/news-and-events/images/news/2025-jan-april/Students at Postgrad Orientation 2025.jpg" alt="A swift, secure, stimulating experience awaits postgraduate students" /> <span class="news-heading">A swift, secure, stimulating experience awaits postgraduate students</span> <span class="news-date">6 February 2025</span> </a> </article><article class="homepage-article"> <a href="/news/latest-news/research-news/2025/2025-02/sacaqm-and-africaweather-partner-to-advance-air-quality-monitoring.html" title="SACAQM and AfricaWeather Partner to Advance Air Quality Monitoring"> <img class="news-image" src="/media/wits-university/news-and-events/images/news/2025-jan-april/air_quality.jpg" alt="SACAQM and AfricaWeather Partner to Advance Air Quality Monitoring" /> <span class="news-heading">SACAQM and AfricaWeather Partner to Advance Air Quality Monitoring</span> <span class="news-date">5 February 2025</span> </a> </article><article class="homepage-article"> <a href="/news/latest-news/general-news/2025/2025-01/student-debt-cleared-for-800-wits-students-.html" title="Student debt cleared for 800 Wits students "> <img class="news-image" src="/media/wits-university/news-and-events/images/news/2025-jan-april/Wits-Financial-Support-Overview-2024_600x300px.jpg.jpg" alt="Student debt cleared for 800 Wits students " /> <span class="news-heading">Student debt cleared for 800 Wits students </span> <span class="news-date">30 January 2025</span> </a> </article>  </div> <div class="events-container">  <span class="events-title t4-title t4-new-title">Events<a href="/science/"><span class="read-more"></span></a></span> <article class="homepage-event dl-test-test"><a href="/events-archive/2025/science-lunchtime-lecture.php"><div class="event-date"><span class="day">28</span><span class="month">Feb</span></div><div class="event-detail"><span class="title">Science Lunchtime Lecture</span><span class="fa fa-map-marker"></span><span class="location">The Wits Anglo American Digital Dome, Yale Road, Braamfontein Campus East, Wits University</span><span class="fa fa-clock-o"></span><span class="time">13:15</span></div></a></article>  </div> </div> </section><section class="fifty-fifty--section"> <div class="fifty-fifty-wrapper content-row "> <div class="fifty-fifty--media-wrapper"> <div class="fifty-fifty--media-iframe"> <iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/uJKDpPibKwA?si=1QqN4IRgiYhNDnCZ" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen ></iframe> </div> </div> <div class="fifty-fifty--content"> <p class="fifty-fifty--content-title"> <a href="">Conversations in Science</a> </p> <p class="fifty-fifty--content-description"> The Faculty has an excellent team of academics and support staff. These academics include A-rated, and future A-rated scientists, innovative researchers, and brilliant teachers. Over the last century, Wits Science scholars helped to develop new methods and techniques, made new scientific discoveries, and contributed to the development of global projects. The Conversations in Science series is aimed at getting to know the scientist behind the science. The second conversation was with the NRF A-rated ecologist Prof. Sally Archibald. </p> <a class="button" href="/science/conversations-in-science/">Find our first conversation here</a> </div> </div> </section>  <section class="feature-cards slider"> <div class="content-row"> <div class="feature-card"> <span id="d.en.3508421"></span> <a href="https://issuu.com/witsmarketing/docs/fee_payment_deadlines_for_graduations?fr=xIAEoAT3_NTU1"> <div class="image-content"> <img src="/media/wits-university/faculties-and-schools/science/images/Fee-payment-deadline-grad.jpg" alt="" title="" class="" style=" " > </div> <div class="text-content"> <span class="card-heading">Fee payment deadlines for 2025 graduations</span> <span class='card-description'>All Graduands should please take note of the deadlines for payment of outstanding fees/fines to be eligible for graduation in 2025.</span> </div> </a> </div> <div class="feature-card"> <span id="d.en.3508385"></span> <a href="https://tfsphambilitrust.co.za/"> <div class="image-content"> <img src="/media/wits-university/research/images/Science-Research.jpg" alt="" title="" class="" style=" " > </div> <div class="text-content"> <span class="card-heading">Bursary opportunities for undergrad and postgrad students</span> <span class='card-description'>Thermo Fisher Scientific Phambili Trust contributes to the development and empowerment of Black students pursuing further studies or obtaining skills in STEM fields.</span> </div> </a> </div> <div class="feature-card"> <span id="d.en.3508386"></span> <a href="https://www.wits.ac.za/funding-portal/"> <div class="image-content"> <img src="/media/wits-university/faculties-and-schools/science/images/Science-students-in-lab.jpg" alt="" title="" class="" style=" " > </div> <div class="text-content"> <span class="card-heading">Postgraduate Funding Portal</span> <span class='card-description'>A database of scholarships, bursaries and other funding opportunities available to Wits postgraduate students. The database includes opportunities both within Wits and from external sources.</span> </div> </a> </div> <div class="feature-card"> <span id="d.en.3508391"></span> <a href="/study-at-wits/financial-aid-and-scholarships-administration/scholarships-and-bursaries/#d.en.2479342"> <div class="image-content"> <img src="/media/wits-university/faculties-and-schools/-engineering-and-the-built-environment/electrical-and-information-engineering/images/Edited Students 1.jpg" alt="Group of students" title="Group of students" class="" style=" " > </div> <div class="text-content"> <span class="card-heading">Postgraduate Merit Award</span> <span class='card-description'>Postgraduate students benefit from funding through the Postgraduate Merit Award. The Award award is based on academic merit and the availability of funds.</span> </div> </a> </div> <div class="feature-card"> <span id="d.en.3508384"></span> <a href="https://www.wits.ac.za/media/wits-university/faculties-and-schools/science/documents/Call-for-Applications-DTA.pdf"> <div class="image-content"> <img src="/media/wits-university/faculties-and-schools/science/images/Diversifying-the-Academy-grant.jpg" alt="" title="" class="" style=" " > </div> <div class="text-content"> <span class="card-heading">Carnegie Diversifying the Academy</span> <span class='card-description'>The Carnegie Diversifying the Academy (CDTA) programme supports early academics to develop personally and professionally on their journey to, and through, academic leadership. </span> </div> </a> </div> </div> </section>  <section class="highlights-slider--section wits-blue"> <div class="highlights-slider--section-top"> <div class="highlights-slider--navigation"></div> <div class="highlights-slider--content"> <p class="heading">Featured Research</p> </div> </div> <div class="highlights-slider--slides-wrapper"> <div class="highlights-slider--slides"> <a href="/esi/"> <div class="highlights-slider--slides-img"> <img src="/media/wits-university/research/esi/images/ESI-6.jpg" alt="" /> </div> <div class="highlights-slider--slides-text"> <p>Evolutionary Studies Institute: The richness and completeness of South Africa’s fossil record makes it a prime laboratory for studying the origins of species through time, including human origins.</p> </div> </a> </div><div class="highlights-slider--slides"> <a href="/mcb/research/urc-protein-structure-function-research-unit/"> <div class="highlights-slider--slides-img"> <img src="/media/wits-university/faculties-and-schools/science/molecular-and-cell-biology/images/Photo by CDC on Unsplash.jpg" alt="" /> </div> <div class="highlights-slider--slides-text"> <p>URC Protein Structure Function Research Unit: Four principal investigators run four research groups that delve into the structural and functional intricacies of a variety of proteins implicated in globally relevant diseases.</p> </div> </a> </div><div class="highlights-slider--slides"> <a href="/rockart/"> <div class="highlights-slider--slides-img"> <img src="/media/wits-university/faculties-and-schools/science/research-entities/rari/images/2020/Public-rock-art-site.jpg" alt="" /> </div> <div class="highlights-slider--slides-text"> <p>Rock Art Research Institute: Rock art is one of the most evocative of all the pieces of heritage left for us by our ancient ancestors. Over 35 years of research has contributed to making southern African rock arts some of the best-understood in the world.</p> </div> </a> </div><div class="highlights-slider--slides"> <a href="/ciward/"> <div class="highlights-slider--slides-img"> <img src="/media/wits-university/research/ciward/images/Rubbish-alongside-river.jpg" alt="Rubbish along river in Alex" /> </div> <div class="highlights-slider--slides-text"> <p>CIWaRD: Research-based solutions to complex and interconnected challenges. Research covers all aspects of water, such as acid mine drainage, sanitation challenges, environmental law, and climate change, through the lens of the global South.</p> </div> </a> </div><div class="highlights-slider--slides"> <a href="https://structured-light.org/"> <div class="highlights-slider--slides-img"> <img src="/media/wits-university/faculties-and-schools/science/physics/2022/Structured-light.jpg" alt="Image courtesy Wits structured light" /> </div> <div class="highlights-slider--slides-text"> <p>Structured Light Laboratory: A small, diverse and dynamic group researching Structured Light and its applications.</p> </div> </a> </div><div class="highlights-slider--slides"> <a href="/icbr/"> <div class="highlights-slider--slides-img"> <img src="/media/wits-university/faculties-and-schools/science/molecular-and-cell-biology/integrative-cancer-biology-research/images/Integrative-cancer-lab-researchers.jpg" alt="" /> </div> <div class="highlights-slider--slides-text"> <p>Integrative Cancer Biology Research Laboratory: Research is focused on characterising the role of cholesterol-related pathways in three aggressive cancers namely breast, pancreatic and colorectal cancer.</p> </div> </a> </div><div class="highlights-slider--slides"> <a href="http://neo.phys.wits.ac.za/"> <div class="highlights-slider--slides-img"> <img src="/media/wits-university/research/coe-mass/images/Graph Theory.png" alt="Graph Theory" /> </div> <div class="highlights-slider--slides-text"> <p>Mandelstam Institute for Theoretical Physics: Conducting research in mathematical physics, chaos, condensed matter physics, quantum field theory, quantum gravity and string theory. </p> </div> </a> </div> </div> </section><section class="content-row"> <article class="textual-article content-block"> <span id="d.en.3325440"></span> <h6> </h6> </article> </section> <div class="bg-wits-blue"> <footer class="content-row footer"> <div class="content-block"> <section class="footer-soc-media-follow contact address content-row"> <article class="content-block left"> <span class="footer-title">Contact Us</span> <p><span><a href="/about-wits/contact-us/" target="_blank">General enquiries</a></span></p> <p>Tel: +27 (0)11 717 1000</p> <p><a href="/study-at-wits/">Admission enquiries</a></p> <p>Tel: +27 (0)11 717 1888</p> </article><article class="content-block left"> <span class="footer-title">Find Us</span> <p>1 Jan Smuts Avenue,</p> <p>Braamfontein 2000,</p> <p>Johannesburg,</p> <p>South Africa</p> </article> <article class="content-block left"> <span class="footer-title">Quicklinks</span> <p><a href="/vacancies/" target="_blank">Vacancies</a></p><p><a href="/students/academic-matters/term-dates/">Term dates</a></p><p><a href="/about-wits/tenders/">Tenders</a></p><p><a href="http://shop.wits.ac.za/" target="_blank">Wits Shop</a></p> </article> <article class="content-block left"> <span class="footer-title">Connect with us</span> <ul class="soc-media-icons"> <li><a href="http://www.facebook.com/witsuniversity" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-facebook-square"></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.instagram.com/wits__university/" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-instagram"></i></a></li> <li><a href="http://twitter.com/witsuniversity" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-twitter-square"></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/WitsWebmaster" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-youtube-square"></i></a></li> <li><a href="http://www.linkedin.com/company/university-of-the-witwatersrand" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-linkedin-square"></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@witsuniversity" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-tiktok-square"></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@witsuniversity" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-tiktok-square"></i></a></li> </ul> <p><a class="button" href="/givingtowits/">Give to Wits</a></p> </article> </section>  <section class="content-row footer-legal "> <article class="content-block"> <section class="content-row"> <article class="textual-article content-block"> <span id="d.en.1699564"></span> <p>Copyright © 2020-2024 - University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.</p> <p class="footer-links"><a href="/site-assets/small-footer/terms-and-conditions-of-use/">Terms and Conditions of Use</a> <a href="/popia/">POPIA</a> <a href="/paia/">PAIA</a> <a href="/site-assets/small-footer/ispa/">ISPA</a> <a href="/site-assets/small-footer/browser-support/">Browser Support</a></p> </article> </section> </article> </section>  </div> </footer> </div>  <section class="modal"> <div class="content-row"> <button class="close">Close</button> <div class="modal-content"></div> </div> </section> <a class="exit-off-canvas"></a> </main>  </div>  <script src="/media/wits-university-style-assets/javascript/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="/media/wits-university-style-assets/javascript/foundation.min.js"></script> <script src="/media/wits-university-style-assets/javascript/slick.min.js"></script>  <script src="/media/wits-university-style-assets/javascript/jquery.matchHeight-min.js"></script>   <script src="/media/wits-university-style-assets/javascript/t4custom-updates.js"></script>  <script> // breadcrumbs const breadcrumbsDesktop = document.querySelectorAll('.secondary-nav--desktop .breadcrumbs li'); const breadcrumbsHome = document.querySelector('.secondary-nav--desktop .breadcrumbs li:first-child i'); const breadcrumbsMobile = document.querySelectorAll('.secondary-nav--mobile .breadcrumbs li'); const breadcrumbsMobileHome = document.querySelector('.secondary-nav--mobile .breadcrumbs li:first-child i'); const ellipsis = document.createElement('span'); ellipsis.innerText = '...'; const arrow = document.createElement('i'); arrow.classList.add('fa', 'fa-angle-right'); if (breadcrumbsDesktop.length > 4) { const crumbsLength = breadcrumbsDesktop.length - 3; const crumbsToRemove = crumbsLength - 1; for (i = 1; i <= crumbsToRemove; i++) { breadcrumbsDesktop[i].remove() } breadcrumbsHome.parentNode.insertBefore(arrow, breadcrumbsHome); breadcrumbsHome.parentNode.insertBefore(ellipsis, breadcrumbsHome); } // secondary menu reveal const secNavBtn = document.querySelector(".secondary-nav--mobile-btn"); const secNavBreadcrumbs = document.querySelector( ".secondary-nav--mobile .secondary-nav--breadcrumbs" ); const secNavLinks = document.querySelector( ".secondary-nav--mobile .secondary-nav--links" ); if (secNavBtn) { secNavBtn.addEventListener("click", function () { secNavBreadcrumbs.classList.toggle("hide"); secNavLinks.classList.toggle("hide"); if (breadcrumbsMobile.length > 4) { const crumbsLength = breadcrumbsMobile.length - 3; const crumbsToRemove = crumbsLength - 1; for (i = 1; i <= crumbsToRemove; i++) { breadcrumbsMobile[i].remove() } breadcrumbsMobileHome.parentNode.insertBefore(arrow, breadcrumbsMobileHome); breadcrumbsMobileHome.parentNode.insertBefore(ellipsis, breadcrumbsMobileHome); } if (secNavBtn.firstChild.classList.contains("fa-chevron-down")) { secNavBtn.firstChild.classList.remove("fa-chevron-down"); secNavBtn.firstChild.classList.add("fa-chevron-up"); } else { secNavBtn.firstChild.classList.add("fa-chevron-down"); secNavBtn.firstChild.classList.remove("fa-chevron-up"); } }); } // remove duplicate breadcrumbs let breadcrumbsCustomNav = document.querySelector('.secondary-nav--wrapper'); let breadcrumbsMain = document.querySelector('.breadcrumbsMain'); if (breadcrumbsCustomNav && breadcrumbsMain) { breadcrumbsMain.remove() } </script><script> $(".highlights-slider--slides-wrapper").slick({ slide: ".highlights-slider--slides", dots: false, slidesToShow: 3, slidesToScroll: 1, accessibility: true, infinite: false, nextArrow: '<button class="slider-next"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></button>', prevArrow: '<button class="slider-prev"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></button>', appendArrows: ".highlights-slider--navigation", responsive: [ { breakpoint: 768, settings: { slidesToShow: 1, slidesToScroll: 1, }, }, { breakpoint: 991, settings: { slidesToShow: 2, slidesToScroll: 1, }, }, ], }); </script>  <script> !function() { var t; if (t = window.webbot = window.webbot = window.webbot || [], !t.init) return t.invoked ? void (window.console && console.error && console.error("Snippet included twice.")) : ( t.load =function(e){ var o,n; o=document.createElement("script"); e.type="text/javscript"; o.async=!0; o.crossorigin="anonymous"; o.src="https://chatbot.themoonshot.co.za/web-bot/script/frame/"+e+"/webbot.js"; n=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; n.parentNode.insertBefore(o,n); }); }(); webbot.load('6IlP1UOcR4d5jr2uyHCwXUn4mGOeq4V0nyE8Sb0V'); </script> <script> function bcwAddAvatar() { // Your code here var bcwElem = document.getElementById('wpic-launcher-open'); bcwElem.style.width = '70px'; bcwElem.style.height='70px'; var bcwElem2 = document.getElementsByClassName('wpic-launcher-close'); bcwElem2[0].style.top = '25px'; bcwElem2[0].style.left='20px'; //bcwElem[0].prepend(bcwImageElem); var bcwChildElem = document.getElementById('wpic-launcher-child'); bcwChildElem.style.width = '220px'; bcwChildElem.style.height = '78px'; bcwChildElem.style.borderRadius = '15px'; bcwChildElem.style.borderTopLeftRadius = '28px'; bcwChildElem.style.borderBottomLeftRadius = '28px'; var chatNowElem = document.createElement('div'); chatNowElem.innerHTML = 'Chat with me'; chatNowElem.style.textAlign= 'right'; chatNowElem.style.marginRight= '20px'; chatNowElem.style.marginTop= '25px'; chatNowElem.style.fontSize= '18px'; chatNowElem.style.color= 'white'; chatNowElem.style.fontWeight= 'bolder'; bcwChildElem.prepend(chatNowElem); } var checkBCWExist = setInterval(function() { if (document.querySelector('.bcw5611')) { clearInterval(checkBCWExist); // Stop the interval bcwAddAvatar(); // Execute your code } }, 100); </script> </body> </html> <script id="f5_cspm">(function(){var f5_cspm={f5_p:'ACAOAELMPBIDAHDFKFDNDGKPMJODPFPHKDLMEPFMHPBJGNFEJPIEFLGJAPIFPMLKEGMBKMNLAAOAHGGHHOJAECGFAAEBODIHJNCEKNODKKMAICLBPJOFOBPFCNKCKGGO',setCharAt:function(str,index,chr){if(index>str.length-1)return str;return str.substr(0,index)+chr+str.substr(index+1);},get_byte:function(str,i){var s=(i/16)|0;i=(i&15);s=s*32;return((str.charCodeAt(i+16+s)-65)<<4)|(str.charCodeAt(i+s)-65);},set_byte:function(str,i,b){var s=(i/16)|0;i=(i&15);s=s*32;str=f5_cspm.setCharAt(str,(i+16+s),String.fromCharCode((b>>4)+65));str=f5_cspm.setCharAt(str,(i+s),String.fromCharCode((b&15)+65));return str;},set_latency:function(str,latency){latency=latency&0xffff;str=f5_cspm.set_byte(str,40,(latency>>8));str=f5_cspm.set_byte(str,41,(latency&0xff));str=f5_cspm.set_byte(str,35,2);return str;},wait_perf_data:function(){try{var wp=window.performance.timing;if(wp.loadEventEnd>0){var res=wp.loadEventEnd-wp.navigationStart;if(res<60001){var cookie_val=f5_cspm.set_latency(f5_cspm.f5_p,res);window.document.cookie='f5avr2129844910aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa_cspm_='+encodeURIComponent(cookie_val)+';path=/';} return;}} catch(err){return;} setTimeout(f5_cspm.wait_perf_data,100);return;},go:function(){var chunk=window.document.cookie.split(/\s*;\s*/);for(var i=0;i<chunk.length;++i){var pair=chunk[i].split(/\s*=\s*/);if(pair[0]=='f5_cspm'&&pair[1]=='1234') {var d=new Date();d.setTime(d.getTime()-1000);window.document.cookie='f5_cspm=;expires='+d.toUTCString()+';path=/;';setTimeout(f5_cspm.wait_perf_data,100);}}}} f5_cspm.go();}());</script>

CINXE.COM

Science - Wits University