BBC NEWS | World | Asia-Pacific | Nanjing remembers massacre victims

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href="http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7140357.stm" target="Printer"> <img src="http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/img/v3/print.gif " align="left" width="17" height="11" alt="" border="0" vspace="0" hspace="3"> Printable version </a></td> </tr></table></div> </td> </tr> </table> <table width="629" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <div class="mxb"> <div class="sh"> Nanjing remembers massacre victims </div> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="416"> <font size="2">   <div class="mvb"> <table cellspacing="0" width="416" border="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td valign="bottom"> <div class="mvb"> <span class="byl"> By Michael Bristow </span> <br /> <span class="byd"> BBC News, Nanjing </span> </div> </td> </tr> </table><img src="http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/shared/img/999999.gif" width="416" height="1" alt="" border="0" vspace="0" hspace="0"><br /> </div>  <p>  <table border="0" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="203" cellpadding="0"> <tr><td> <div> <img src="http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/44296000/jpg/_44296074_monument_203.jpg" width="203" height="152" alt="Taiping Gate monument" border="0" vspace="0" hspace="0"> <div class="cap">The Taiping Gate ceremony marked 70 years since the massacre</div> </div> </td></tr> </table>  <B>Shortly after capturing Nanjing in December 1937, the Japanese army gathered together 1,300 Chinese soldiers and civilians at the city's Taiping Gate. They then killed them.</B> <p> They blew them up with landmines then doused them with petrol before setting them alight, finally using bayonets to finish off anyone still left alive. <p> This was just one small incident in what has become known as the Nanjing massacre, a six-week orgy of violence in which tens of thousands of Chinese people died. <p> A day before the massacre's 70th anniversary, a small group of survivors, dignitaries and visiting Japanese citizens gathered at Taiping Gate to remember the dead. <p> It is just one of a number of commemoration events being held in Nanjing this week to mark a bloody episode that still reverberates in East Asia today. <p> We only know about the Taiping Gate killings because of the tenacity of Japanese teacher Tamaki Matsuoka, who wanted to know more about the massacre. <p>  <table border="0" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="203" cellpadding="0"> <tr><td> <div> <img src="http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/44296000/jpg/_44296079_tamakimatsuoka_203.jpg" width="203" height="152" alt="Tamaki Matsuoka" border="0" vspace="0" hspace="0"> <div class="cap">Ms Matsuoka set up a hotline for former Japanese troops</div> </div> </td></tr> </table>  <p> With a number of others, she set up telephone hotlines in several Japanese cities in 1997, inviting former soldiers who had served in Nanjing to call up. <p> The group interviewed more than 200 old soldiers and, from the information it gathered, was able to identify the exact army unit that had carried out the Taiping killings. <p> Ms Matsuoka told her story at the Taiping memorial ceremony, which took place on a cold, wet Nanjing morning. <p> Before helping to unveil a small monument, she said she hoped Chinese young people would not forget what had happened in Nanjing. <p><B>School lessons</B> <p> There is little chance of that. The atrocities carried out by the Japanese in Nanjing, and elsewhere in China during World War II, are drilled into Chinese schoolchildren. <p>  <table cellspacing="0" align="right" width="208" border="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td width="5"><img src="http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/shared/img/o.gif" width="5" height="1" alt="" border="0" vspace="0" hspace="0"></td> <td class="sibtbg"> <div class="sih"> NANJING MASSACRE </div> <div class="o"> <img src="http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/44296000/jpg/_44296240_nanjingditch203b.jpg" width="203" height="152" alt="Bodies of Chinese laid in ditch (File photo)" border="0" vspace="0" hspace="0"> </div> <div class="mva"><div class="bull">December 1937 - Japanese troops invade Nanjing</div> <div class="bull"></div> <div class="bull">Witnesses estimate 250,000-300,000 people killed </div> <div class="bull">Reports of more than 20,000 women being raped</div> <div class="bull"></div> <div class="bull">Japan claims numbers are much smaller</div> <div class="bull">Some Japanese historians claim the massacre never happened</div> </div> </td> </tr> </table>  Some of them - from Nanjing 's 34th Middle School - were even on hand at the Taiping ceremony to lend their support. They promised to look after the monument. <p> In a speech, 17-year-old Wang Lin, head of the school's student association, said historical events should not be allowed to simply fade from memory. <p> Using a well-known Chinese phrase, she said past experience, if not forgotten, is a guide to the future. <p> She added: "Chinese people love peace, but you will be bullied if you fall behind. This is a serious lesson passed down by our ancestors." <p><B>Diplomatic tensions</B> <p> <p> But not everyone is as keen about remembering the past as this Chinese schoolgirl. <P> Although the Japanese government - and most Japanese people - acknowledge what went on in Nanjing, a small group of people claim the massacre has been fabricated. <p> Others say the 300,000 death toll often cited by the Chinese government is too high. <p>  <table border="0" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="203" cellpadding="0"> <tr><td> <div> <img src="http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/44296000/jpg/_44296166_yasukuni_apb.jpg" width="203" height="152" alt="Japanese lawmakers line up as they visit Yasukuni Shrine (15/08/2007)" border="0" vspace="0" hspace="0"> <div class="cap">Official visits to the Yasukuni Shrine have angered China</div> </div> </td></tr> </table>  <p> It was an issue touched upon at the Taiping ceremony by Lin Boyao, who is ethnically Chinese but has lived in Japan since 1978. <p> "Even today, surprisingly, there are some people who deny the Nanjing massacre is a historical fact," he said. <p> "How can they be so shameless? This shows hatred for the dead and brings shame on the living." <p> The debate about what exactly happened after the Japanese army entered Nanjing on 13 December is not just about how to remember the past. <p> Even though the two sides are increasingly close trading partners, Japan's attitude towards World War II colours Chinese government policy to this day. <p> Former Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi's frequent trips to the Yasukuni shrine, which honours convicted war criminals as well as other war dead, soured Sino-Japanese relations for many years. <p> They only improved in 2006 when Koizumi handed over power to Shinzo Abe, who did not visit the shrine while he was in office - he sent a pot plant instead. <p><B>Lasting memories</B> <p> Inevitably, this debate also fuels the anger of some Chinese people, a sentiment Beijing has occasionally encouraged. <p> In 2005, there were rare street demonstrations in several major Chinese cities over Japanese history textbooks which critics claimed whitewashed the country's World War II record. <p>  <table border="0" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="203" cellpadding="0"> <tr><td> <div> <img src="http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/44296000/jpg/_44296083_xiangyuansong_203.jpg" width="203" height="152" alt="Xiang Yuansong" border="0" vspace="0" hspace="0"> <div class="cap">Mr Xiang says he can never forget what happened in Nanjing</div> </div> </td></tr> </table>  <p> Despite the possible anger aroused by the anniversary, the owner of a Japanese restaurant in Nanjing said he was unconcerned. <p> "I've been here 15 years and am not worried at all. No-one talks to me about the massacre," he told the BBC as he waved goodbye to the final customers of the evening. <p> But the memory of the Nanjing massacre will not simply go away, at least as long as there are survivors such as Xiang Yuansong. <p> Now 80, Mr Xiang was just 10 when Japanese soldiers entered what was then the capital of China. <p> His 25-year-old brother was killed by the invaders. He remembers looking for him among the piles of dead bodies. <p> "We can never forget history," was his angry comment as he made his way home from the newly unveiled Taiping Gate monument.  </font> <br /><br clear="all" /> <div class="mvtb"><table cellspacing="0" width="416" border="0" cellpadding="0"><tr> <td width="213"><a class="epl" onClick="popUpPage('http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/email/news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7140357.stm','status=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=370,height=445','Mailer')" href="http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/email/news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7140357.stm" target="Mailer"> <img src="http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/img/v3/email.gif" align="left" width="17" height="11" alt="" border="0" vspace="0" hspace="3"> E-mail this to a friend </a></td> <td width="203"><a class="epl" 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