CINXE.COM

IEEE - Publications

<!DOCTYPE HTML> <html> <head> <!-- v ieee cookie banner for Prod v --> <script src="https://cmp.osano.com/AzyzptTmRlqVd2LRf/ef7b712c-ff87-4229-b9ae-c1083228fb7f/osano.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cookie-consent.ieee.org/ieee-cookie-banner.css" type="text/css"/> <!-- ^ ieee cookie banner ^ --> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/> <meta name="keywords"/> <!-- <meta name="description" content="Browse IEEE publications and standards and visit the IEEE Xplore Digital Library. Link to IEEE Spectrum Magazine and The Institute member newsletter."> --> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes"/> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large'/> <!-- Set Meta Tag Keywords and Description Based on Main Content--> <meta name="description" content="Browse IEEE publications and standards and visit the IEEE Xplore Digital Library. Link to IEEE Spectrum Magazine and The Institute member newsletter."/> <meta name="google" content="nositelinkssearchbox"/> <!-- Rich snippet meta tags --> <!-- Facebook Meta Tags --> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.ieee.org/publications/index.html"/> <meta property="og:type" content="website"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Publications"/> <meta property="og:description" content="Browse IEEE publications and standards and visit the IEEE Xplore Digital Library. Link to IEEE Spectrum Magazine and The Institute member newsletter."/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.ieee.org/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/about/logos/social-media-master-brand.png"/> <meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="og:image:type" property="og:image:type" content="image/png"/> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"/> <meta property="og:image:height" content="630"/> <!-- Twitter Meta Tags --> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta property="twitter:domain" content="www.ieee.org"/> <meta property="twitter:url" content="https://www.ieee.org/publications/index.html"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Publications"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Browse IEEE publications and standards and visit the IEEE Xplore Digital Library. Link to IEEE Spectrum Magazine and The Institute member newsletter."/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.ieee.org/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/about/logos/social-media-master-brand.png"/> <meta name="twitter:image:width" value="1200"/> <meta name="twitter:image:height" value="630"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/etc.clientlibs/foundation/clientlibs/main.min.b4994788cf1eaeed300a0aa7af53f3c8.css" type="text/css"> <script src="/etc.clientlibs/clientlibs/granite/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="/etc.clientlibs/clientlibs/granite/utils.min.js"></script> <script src="/etc.clientlibs/clientlibs/granite/jquery/granite.min.js"></script> <script src="/etc.clientlibs/foundation/clientlibs/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="/etc.clientlibs/foundation/clientlibs/shared.min.js"></script> <script src="/etc.clientlibs/foundation/clientlibs/main.min.js"></script> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/etc/clientlibs/axis41-core/thirdparty/bootstrap.min.415e90cdc2979effecb1a8783fd29374.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/etc/clientlibs/axis41-core/thirdparty/datatable.min.32da7a9d474473b805c87da2b7440e7a.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/etc/clientlibs/axis41-core/base.min.dd4fa54e5e23f02021a5e900cada31e4.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/etc/clientlibs/axis41-core/apps_components.min.d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.css" type="text/css"> <script src="/etc/clientlibs/axis41-core/thirdparty/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="/etc/clientlibs/axis41-core/thirdparty/jquery_form.min.js"></script> <script src="/etc/clientlibs/axis41-core/thirdparty/jquery_validator.min.js"></script> <script src="/etc/clientlibs/axis41-core/thirdparty/datatable.min.js"></script> <script src="/etc/clientlibs/axis41-core/thirdparty/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/etc/designs/ieee-core/clientlibs/base.min.b448f94a044713dd294d168dd67813e2.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/etc/designs/ieee-core/clientlibs/apps_components.min.d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.css" type="text/css"> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/etc/designs/ieee-org/clientlibs/base.min.6593b2bec2d9309f7adf316fabe6abac.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/etc/designs/ieee-org/clientlibs/apps_components.min.939789984cb7a8564d5c62af2ac52f44.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/etc/designs/ieee-org/clientlibs/thirdparty/font-awesome.min.cc5d4457e8cad37fa1ed4b574128fc41.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/etc/designs/ieee-org/clientlibs/thirdparty/formata.min.6fce10afbb211946f7c90966f3d2a499.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/etc/designs/ieee-org/favicon.ico"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/etc/designs/ieee-org/favicon-32x32.png"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/etc/designs/ieee-org/favicon-16x16.png"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="48x48" href="/etc/designs/ieee-org/favicon-48x48.png"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="96x96" href="/etc/designs/ieee-org/favicon-96x96.png"/> <link rel="manifest" href="/etc/designs/ieee-org/site.webmanifest"/> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#da532c"/> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"/> <!-- Google site verification code --> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="hTNJkmjfSys2eoNeWKkSU2zJepc7uBJESs-CmqM043Q"/> <!-- Bing site verification code --> <meta name="msvalidate.01" content="1FD00A0907F87F784043B20D6E1F3769"/> <!-- Google Analytics - Global site tag (gtag.js) --> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-4930232-1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-4930232-1'); </script> <!-- End of Google Analytics --> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-P24WBM');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <title>IEEE - Publications</title> <!-- Facebook Domain verification code --> <meta name="facebook-domain-verification" content="hxzn5csdsl9pdnmxcvjs4dxzpzxf7v"/> <!-- Facebook Pixel Code --> <script> !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s){if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n; n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script','https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', '1591804690854330'); fbq('track', 'PageView'); </script> <noscript><img height="1" width="1" style="display:none" src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=1591804690854330&ev=PageView&noscript=1"/></noscript> <!-- DO NOT MODIFY --> <!-- End Facebook Pixel Code --> <!-- Marketo - Munchkin Lead Tracking Script - START (commenting out for 6.4 PROD release)--> <script src="//app-ab24.marketo.com/js/forms2/js/forms2.min.js"></script> <script src="//s3.amazonaws.com/ieee-mkto-cross-domain/enterprise-page-code.js"></script> <!-- Marketo - Munchkin Lead Tracking Script - END --> <!-- Bablic language translation tool --> <!-- <script src="//d.bablic.com/snippet/5e750733279d87000114782d.js?version=3.9"></script> --> <script src="https://up.pixel.ad/assets/up.js?um=1"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> cntrUpTag.track('cntrData', '2fe93d92d9c4c2dd'); </script> <!-- Font awesome pro --> <!-- removing this as per the SR: 188152 --> <!-- <script src="https://kit.fontawesome.com/481d654f3c.js" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> --> </head> <body> <body lang="en"> <!-- TransUnion Pixel --> <img style='display:none' src='//di.rlcdn.com/406006.gif?pdata=partner%3Dtap315285%2Cdata%3Dtype%3Asite%24audience%3AMSO_IEEEInsurance_ClientSite_Control'/> <!-- End TransUnion Pixel --> <div id="page-wrapper" class="clearfix"> <!-- Header ============================================= --> <header id="page-header" class=""> <div class="newpar new section"> </div> <div class="par iparys_inherited"> <div class="global-header"> <!-- Global Header Content ============================================= --> <div class="global-nav"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 text-left"> <a class="skip-to-content-link hidden-xs hidden-sm hidden-md" href="#main-content"> Skip to content </a> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 text-left"> <div id="meta-nav" class="container hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <a class="skip-nav hidden" href="#mn-header"> <img alt="Skip Navigation" src="https://www.ieee.org/ieee-mashup/images/blank.gif" height="1px" width="1px"/> </a> <div id="util-left"> <a href="https://www.ieee.org" class="ieee-home">IEEE.org</a>|&nbsp; <a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/home.jsp" class="top-divider-space">IEEE <em>Xplore</em> Digital Library</a>&nbsp;|&nbsp; <a href="http://standards.ieee.org" class="top-divider-space">IEEE Standards</a>&nbsp;|&nbsp; <a href="http://spectrum.ieee.org" class="top-divider-space">IEEE Spectrum</a>&nbsp;|&nbsp; <a href="https://www.ieee.org/sitemap.html" class="top-divider-space" accesskey="2">More Sites</a> <a href="https://www.ieee.org/give" class="top-divider-space hidden-md hidden-lg">Donate</a> </div> <div id="util-right" style="float: right"> <div id="user-info-spinner" class="dot-flashing hidden"></div> <div id="user-info" class="hidden"> <a href="https://www.ieee.org/give" class="top-divider-space">Donate</a>&nbsp;|&nbsp; <span class="cart-count-link"> <a href="https://www.ieee.org/cart/public/myCart/page.html" class="top-divider-space" style="cursor:pointer">Cart (<span id="mn-cart-item-qty" class="cart-items-count">0</span>)</a>&nbsp;|&nbsp; </span> <span id="rc-purchases" class="hidden"> <a href="https://www.ieee.org/profile/otherpurchases/showOtherPurchases.html">Purchases</a> <span class="">&nbsp;|&nbsp;</span> </span> <span class="logged-in-metanav-info" style="display: none"> <a href="https://www.ieee.org/profile" id="mn-ieee-username" class="ieee-user-name"><strong><span id="mn-user-name-text"></span></strong></a>&nbsp;|&nbsp; <a href="/system/sling/logout.html?resource=/bin/svc/ieeecommon/ieee-org/secured/redirect.html" id="mn-signout-link" class="mn-menu-link">Sign Out</a> </span> <span class="anonymous-metanav-info"> <a href="https://www.ieee.org/profile/public/createwebaccount/showCreateAccount.html?url=" id="mn-calink-link">Create Account</a>&nbsp;|&nbsp; <a href="/bin/svc/ieeecommon/ieee-org/secured/redirect.html?finalTarget=" class="sign-in-cls" id="mn-signin-link">Sign In</a> </span> </div> <div id='ssoValidatorUrl' class='hidden'>https://securesso.ieee.org/ieeevendorsso/rest/auth/validatePFToken</div> <div id='xploreLogoutUrl' class='hidden'>https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/Login?logout=ibplogout</div> </div> <div style="clear: both; height: 0;">&nbsp;</div> <div id="mn-header"></div> </div> <ul class="signin pull-right hidden-lg hidden-md"> <li class="logged-in-metanav-info" style="display: none"> <a href="https://www.ieee.org/profile"><i class="fa fa-user-circle-o" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> </li> <li class="anonymous-metanav-info"> <a href="/bin/svc/ieeecommon/ieee-org/secured/redirect.html?finalTarget=" class="sign-in-cls"><i class="fa fa-user-circle-o" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> </li> <li class="cart-count-link"> <a href="https://www.ieee.org/cart/public/myCart/page.html"><span id="mnmobile-cart-item-qty" class="cart-items-count">0</span> <i class="fa fa-shopping-cart" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <div class="small-logo hidden-md hidden-lg"> <!-- Logo Content ============================================= --> <a href="/"> <img src="/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/globals/EEE140thAnniversary_Mobile_150X38.png" alt="IEEE - Advancing Technology for Humanity" title="IEEE - Advancing Technology for Humanity" class="img-responsive"/> </a> <!-- #logo-content end --> </div> <div class="navbar-header hidden-lg hidden-md"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <!-- #global-header-content End --> </div> <div class="page-header-container"> <!--Page Header Content ============================================= --> <div class="primary-navigation"> <div class="header-block"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="header-section hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <div class="brand-section col-xs-12"> <div class="logo-left pull-left"> <!-- <h1 data-sly-test.isIbp="">is IBP</h1> <h1 data-sly-test="true">is Mainsite</h1> --> <div> <!-- Logo Content ============================================= --> <a href="/"> <img src="/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/globals/ieee_logo_140yrs.png" alt="IEEE - Advancing Technology for Humanity" title="IEEE - Advancing Technology for Humanity" class="img-responsive"/> </a> <!-- #logo-content end --> </div> </div> <div class="pull-left hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <div class="slogan"> <!--Plain Text component content ============================================= --> <a href="/about/index.html?WT.mc_id=head_bm">The professional home for the engineering and technology community worldwide</a> <!-- #plain-text-component end --> </div> </div> <div class="right-block pull-right"> <div class="search-bar"> <!-- Google search component here --> <!-- Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= --> <!-- #sightly-global-objects-declaration end --> <!-- Placeholder Content omitted since search will be on header. =============================================================== --> <!-- #placeholder-content end --> <!-- Search UI Content ======================= --> <form action="/searchresults/index.html" role="search" id="searchForm"> <div class="input-group search-bar"> <label for="q" class="visuallyhidden">Search all IEEE websites</label> <input type="search" name="q" id="q" title="Search all IEEE websites" placeholder="Search all IEEE websites" class="required form-control"/> <span class="input-group-addon" id="searchSubmitButton"> <i class="glyphicon glyphicon-search"></i> </span> </div> </form> <!-- #search UI content end --> </div> <div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm pull-right"> <!-- Social Media Container Content ============================================= --> <div class="socialmedia"> <ul> <li> <!-- ============================================= Social Media Content ============================================= --> <a class="collabratec-icon" aria-label="Collabratec" alt="Collabratec" href="https://ieee-collabratec.ieee.org/" target="_self"></a> <!-- #social-media-content end --> </li> <li> <!-- ============================================= Social Media Content ============================================= --> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/IEEE.org/" aria-label="Facebook" alt="Facebook" target="_self"> <i class="fa-brands fa-brands fa-facebook"></i> </a> <!-- #social-media-content end --> </li> <li> <!-- ============================================= Social Media Content ============================================= --> <a href="https://twitter.com/IEEEorg" aria-label="Twitter" alt="Twitter" target="_self"> <i class="fa-brands fa-brands fa-x-twitter"></i> </a> <!-- #social-media-content end --> </li> <li> <!-- ============================================= Social Media Content ============================================= --> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/ieee" aria-label="Linkedin" alt="Linkedin" target="_self"> <i class="fa-brands fa-brands fa-linkedin"></i> </a> <!-- #social-media-content end --> </li> <li> <!-- ============================================= Social Media Content ============================================= --> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/ieeeorg/" aria-label="Instagram" alt="Instagram" target="_self"> <i class="fa-brands fa-brands fa-instagram"></i> </a> <!-- #social-media-content end --> </li> </ul> </div> <!--#Social-media-container content end--> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site-navigation" role="navigation"> <!-- Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= --> <!-- #sightly-global-objects-declaration end --> <!-- Placeholder Content ============================================= --> <!-- #placeholder-content end --> <!-- Site Navigation content started ================================================= --> <ul class="main-menu"> <li class="hidden-md hidden-lg" id="header_menu_search"> <!-- Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= --> <!-- #sightly-global-objects-declaration end --> <!-- Placeholder Content omitted since search will be on header. =============================================================== --> <!-- #placeholder-content end --> <!-- Search UI Content ======================= --> <form action="/searchresults/index.html" role="search" id="searchForm"> <div class="input-group search-bar"> <label for="q" class="visuallyhidden">Search all IEEE websites</label> <input type="search" name="q" id="q" title="Search all IEEE websites" placeholder="Search all IEEE websites" class="required form-control"/> <span class="input-group-addon" id="searchSubmitButton"> <i class="glyphicon glyphicon-search"></i> </span> </div> </form> <!-- #search UI content end --> </li> <li id="header_menu_0"> <a href="#" class="hidden-md hidden-lg nav-link">IEEE Sites</a> <a class="accordian-iocns accordianClick hidden-md hidden-lg"></a> <div class="dropdown-wrap header_menu_0"> <div class="panel-collapse"></div> </div> </li> <li id="header_menu_1"> <a href="/about.html" class="nav-link"> About </a> <a class="accordian-iocns accordianClick"></a> <div class="dropdown-wrap header_menu_1 col-md-10 col-lg-10 col-xs-12"> <div class="panel-collapse"> <div class="dropdown-left pull-left col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-xs-12"> <ul class="arrow-link"> <li> <a href="/about/vision-mission.html" target="_self"> Mission and vision </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/at-a-glance.html" target="_self"> IEEE at a glance </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/ieee-strategic-plan.html" target="_self"> IEEE Strategic Plan </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/organization/index.html" target="_self"> Organization of IEEE </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/news/index.html" target="_self"> Newsroom </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/diversity-index.html" target="_self"> Diversity, Equity, &amp; Inclusion </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/compliance.html" target="_self"> Organizational Ethics </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/annual-report.html" target="_self"> Annual Report </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/ieee-history.html" target="_self"> History of IEEE </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/volunteers/index.html" target="_self"> Volunteer resources </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://corporate-awards.ieee.org/?utm_source=mm_link&utm_campaign=awards&utm_medium=about&utm_term=awards" target="_self"> IEEE Corporate Awards Program </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/financials.html" target="_self"> Financials and Statistics </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/technologies.html" target="_self"> IEEE Future Directions </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/industry/introduction.html" target="_self"> IEEE for Industry (Corporations, Government, Individuals) </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://climate-change.ieee.org?utm_source=mm_link&utm_campaign=climate-change&utm_medium=about&utm_term=ieee-climate-change" target="_self"> IEEE Climate Change </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/humanitarian-tech.html" target="_self"> Humanitarian and Philanthropic Opportunities </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="dropdown-right pull-left col-md-8 col-lg-8 col-xs-12"> <div class="rte-description font-e hidden-xs hidden-sm"> IEEE and its members inspire a global community to innovate for a better tomorrow through highly cited publications, conferences, technology standards, and professional and educational activities. IEEE is the trusted “voice” for engineering, computing, and technology information around the globe. </div> <div class="dropdown-title font-e hidden-xs hidden-sm"> What do you want to do? </div> <div class="dropdown-selector"> <div class="selector"> <a aria-expanded="true" aria-haspopup="true" class="dropdown_title dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#" role="button">Select an option</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li> <i class="fa fa-check selected hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="#">Select an option</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="/about/news/index.html?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=new&utm_medium=ab&utm_term=news">Get the latest news</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="/about/volunteers/index.html?utm_source=%20mm_wdw&utm_campaign=vr&utm_medium=ab&utm_term=volunteer%20resources">Access volunteer resources (Code of Ethics, financial forms, tools and templates, and more) </a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="/about/contact.html?utm_source=%20mm_wdw&utm_campaign=contact&utm_medium=ab&utm_term=contact%20locations">Find IEEE locations </a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="https://supportcenter.ieee.org/?utm_source=%20mm_wdw&utm_campaign=support&utm_medium=ab&utm_term=support%20center">Get help from the IEEE Support Center </a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="https://supportcenter.ieee.org/app/answers/detail/a_id/3087?utm_source=wdw&utm_medium=lp-about&utm_campaign=recover-account">Recover your IEEE Account username and password</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="/about/awards/index.html?utm_source=%20mm_wdw&utm_campaign=iap&utm_medium=ab&utm_term=awards%20program">Learn about the IEEE Awards program and submit nomination</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="/about/organization/index.html?utm_source=%20mm_wdw&utm_campaign=ooi&utm_medium=ab&utm_term=organization%2C%20leadership">View IEEE&#39;s organizational structure and leadership</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="https://ieee.taleo.net/careersection/2/jobsearch.ftl?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=taleo-jobs&utm_medium=ab&utm_term=jobs%20at%20ieee">Apply for jobs at IEEE </a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="/about/ieee-history.html?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=hoi&utm_medium=ab&utm_term=ieee%20history">See the history of IEEE</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="/about/diversity-index.html?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=dei&utm_medium=ab&utm_term=diversity">Learn more about Diversity, Equity &amp; Inclusion at IEEE</a> </li> </ul> </div> <a class="btn-style hidden-xs hidden-sm btn-go" href="#">See results</a> </div> <div class="btns-ieee hidden-xs hidden-sm"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li id="header_menu_2"> <a href="/membership.html" class="nav-link"> Membership </a> <a class="accordian-iocns accordianClick"></a> <div class="dropdown-wrap header_menu_2 col-md-10 col-lg-10 col-xs-12"> <div class="panel-collapse"> <div class="dropdown-left pull-left col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-xs-12"> <ul class="arrow-link"> <li> <a href="/membership/join/index.html" target="_self"> Join IEEE </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ieee.org/membership-catalog/index.html?srchProdType=Societies&searchType=prodType" target="_self"> Join an IEEE Society </a> </li> <li> <a href="/membership/renew.html" target="_self"> Renew your membership </a> </li> <li> <a href="/membership/benefits/index.html" target="_self"> Member benefits </a> </li> <li> <a href="/membership/contact-center.html" target="_self"> IEEE Contact Center </a> </li> <li> <a href="/membership/geographic-activities.html" target="_self"> Connect locally </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ieee.org/membership-catalog/index.html?N=0?utm_source=mm_link&utm_campaign=shop&utm_medium=ms&utm_term=memberships%20and%20subs%20shop" target="_self"> Memberships and Subscriptions Catalog </a> </li> <li> <a href="/membership/discounts/index.html" target="_self"> Member insurance and discounts </a> </li> <li> <a href="/membership/grade-elevation.html" target="_self"> Member Grade Elevation </a> </li> <li> <a href="/membership/ieee-corporate-engagement.html" target="_self"> Get your company engaged </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="dropdown-right pull-left col-md-8 col-lg-8 col-xs-12"> <div class="rte-description font-e hidden-xs hidden-sm"> IEEE membership offers access to technical innovation, cutting-edge information, networking opportunities, and exclusive member benefits. Members support IEEE's mission to advance technology for humanity and the profession, while memberships build a platform to introduce careers in technology to students around the world.<br /> </div> <div class="dropdown-title font-e hidden-xs hidden-sm"> What do you want to do? </div> <div class="dropdown-selector"> <div class="selector"> <a aria-expanded="true" aria-haspopup="true" class="dropdown_title dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#" role="button">Select an option</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li> <i class="fa fa-check selected hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="#">Select an option</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="http://www.ieee.org/profile?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=access-your-account&utm_medium=ms&utm_term=access">Access your Account</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="/membership/join/dues.html?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=join_dues&utm_medium=ms&utm_term=membership%20dues">Learn about membership dues</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="/membership/women/index.html?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=wie&utm_medium=ms&utm_term=wie">Learn about Women in Engineering (WIE)</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="/membership/products/google-apps.html?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=eleccomm&utm_medium=ms&utm_term=member-email">Access IEEE member email</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="/membership/fellows/index.html?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=fellows&utm_medium=ms&utm_term=fellows">Find information on IEEE Fellows</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="https://ieee-collabratec.ieee.org/?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=my_ieee-directory&utm_medium=ms&utm_term=my_ieee-member%20directory">Access the IEEE member directory</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="http://www.ieee.org/membership_services/membership/join/mgm.html?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=mgm&utm_medium=ms&utm_term=mgm%2C%20member-get-a-member">Learn about the Member-Get-a-Member program</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="/membership/students/potentials.html?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=potentials&utm_medium=ms&utm_term=potentials">Learn about IEEE Potentials magazine</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="/membership/students/index.html?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=student&utm_medium=ms&utm_term=student%20membership">Learn about Student membership</a> </li> </ul> </div> <a class="btn-style hidden-xs hidden-sm btn-go" href="#">See results</a> </div> <div class="btns-ieee hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <a class="btn-style" href="/membership/join/index.html" target="_self">Join IEEE </a> <a class="btn-style" href="https://www.ieee.org/membership-catalog/index.html?srchProdType=Societies&searchType=prodType" target="_self">Join an IEEE Society</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li id="header_menu_3"> <a href="/communities.html" class="nav-link"> Communities </a> <a class="accordian-iocns accordianClick"></a> <div class="dropdown-wrap header_menu_3 col-md-10 col-lg-10 col-xs-12"> <div class="panel-collapse"> <div class="dropdown-left pull-left col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-xs-12"> <ul class="arrow-link"> <li> <a href="/communities/index.html" target="_self"> Affinity groups </a> </li> <li> <a href="/communities/societies/index.html" target="_self"> IEEE Societies </a> </li> <li> <a href="/communities/societies/about-technical-councils.html" target="_self"> Technical Councils </a> </li> <li> <a href="/communities/societies/about-technical-communities.html" target="_self"> Technical Communities </a> </li> <li> <a href="/communities/geographic-activities.html" target="_self"> Geographic Activities </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/index.html?utm_source=mm_link&amp;utm_campaign=swg&amp;utm_medium=com&amp;utm_term=working%20groups" target="_self"> Working groups </a> </li> <li> <a href="/communities/regional-world-map.html" target="_self"> IEEE Regions </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://collabratec.ieee.org/?utm_source=mm_link&utm_campaign=coll&utm_medium=ms&utm_term=collabratec" target="_self"> IEEE Collabratec® </a> </li> <li> <a href="/communities/ieee-resource-centers.html" target="_self"> IEEE Resource Centers </a> </li> <li> <a href="/communities/ieee-dataport.html" target="_self"> IEEE DataPort </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="dropdown-right pull-left col-md-8 col-lg-8 col-xs-12"> <div class="rte-description font-e hidden-xs hidden-sm"> As the world's largest technical professional organization, IEEE offers a number of ways to get involved with technical and local communities. These communities are active participants in research and authorship, conferences, and important conversations about today's most relevant technical topics locally and globally.<br /> <br />   </div> <div class="dropdown-title font-e hidden-xs hidden-sm"> What do you want to do? </div> <div class="dropdown-selector"> <div class="selector"> <a aria-expanded="true" aria-haspopup="true" class="dropdown_title dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#" role="button">Select an option</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li> <i class="fa fa-check selected hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="#">Select an option</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="https://www.ieee.org/membership-catalog/index.html?srchProdType=Societies&searchType=prodType">Join an IEEE Society</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="/communities/regional-world-map.html?utm_source=wdw&utm_campaign=region_map&utm_medium=com&utm_term=regions%20map">See the IEEE Regions</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="https://mga.ieee.org/board-committees/operations-manual">View the MGA Operations Manual</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="/about/volunteers/home/index.html">Find information on IEEE Technical Activities</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="https://mga.ieee.org/resources-operations/geographic-unit/chapters">Get IEEE Chapter resources</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="/communities/geographic-activities.html?utm_source=wdw&utm_campaign=geo_act&utm_medium=com&utm_term=geographic%20activities">Find IEEE Sections, Chapters, Student Branches, and other communities</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="https://students.ieee.org/student-branches/">Learn how to create an IEEE Student Chapter</a> </li> </ul> </div> <a class="btn-style hidden-xs hidden-sm btn-go" href="#">See results</a> </div> <div class="btns-ieee hidden-xs hidden-sm"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li id="header_menu_4"> <a href="/conferences.html" class="nav-link"> Conferences </a> <a class="accordian-iocns accordianClick"></a> <div class="dropdown-wrap header_menu_4 col-md-10 col-lg-10 col-xs-12"> <div class="panel-collapse"> <div class="dropdown-left pull-left col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-xs-12"> <ul class="arrow-link"> <li> <a href="https://conferences.ieee.org/conferences_events/conferences/search?q=*&subsequent_q=&date=all&from=&to=&region=all&country=all&pos=0&sortorder=desc&sponsor=&sponsor_type=all&state=all&field_of_interest=all&sortfield=relevance?utm_source=mm_con_search&utm_medium=hp&utm_campaign=conferences-search-all" target="_self"> Upcoming conferences </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://ieeemce.org" target="_self"> IEEE Conferences, Events &amp; Experiences (CEE) </a> </li> <li> <a href="/conferences/organizers/conf-app.html" target="_self"> IEEE Conference Application </a> </li> <li> <a href="/publications/authors/publishing-benefits/index.html" target="_self"> See benefits of authoring a conference paper </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="dropdown-right pull-left col-md-8 col-lg-8 col-xs-12"> <div class="rte-description font-e hidden-xs hidden-sm"> IEEE sponsors over 2,000 annual conferences and events worldwide, curating cutting-edge content for all of the technical fields of interest within IEEE. Use the IEEE conference search to find the right conference for you to share and discuss innovation and interact with your community.<br /> <br /> <br /> </div> <div class="dropdown-title font-e hidden-xs hidden-sm"> What do you want to do? </div> <div class="dropdown-selector"> <div class="selector"> <a aria-expanded="true" aria-haspopup="true" class="dropdown_title dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#" role="button">Select an option</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li> <i class="fa fa-check selected hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="#">Select an option</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="https://conferences.ieee.org/conferences_events/conferences/search?q=*&subsequent_q=&date=all&from=2025-01-01&to=2025-12-31&region=all&country=all&pos=0&sortorder=desc&sponsor=&sponsor_type=all&state=all&field_of_interest=all&sortfield=relevance&searchmode=basic&virtualConfReadOnly=N&eventformat=">Search for 2025 conferences</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="https://conferences.ieee.org/conferences_events/conferences/search?q=*&subsequent_q=&date=all&from=2024-01-01&to=2024-12-31&region=all&country=all&pos=0&sortorder=desc&sponsor=&sponsor_type=all&state=all&field_of_interest=all&sortfield=relevance&searchmode=basic&virtualConfReadOnly=N&eventformat=">Search for 2024 conferences</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="/conferences/organizers/organizers-index.html?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=org_resources&utm_medium=conf&utm_term=organizer%20resources">Find conference organizer resources</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="/conferences/application-form.html?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=register_conf&utm_medium=conf&utm_term=register%20a%20conference">Register a conference</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="/conferences/organizers/publishing-conference-papers.html?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=conf_pap&utm_medium=conf&utm_term=publish%20conference%20papers">Publish conference papers</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="/conferences/organizers/managing-conference-finances.html?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=conf_fin&utm_medium=conf&utm_term=conference%20finances">Manage conference finances</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="http://www.ieeemce.org?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=ben_pub&utm_medium=conf&utm_term=benefits_publishing">Learn about IEEE Conferences, Events &amp; Experiences (CEE)</a> </li> </ul> </div> <a class="btn-style hidden-xs hidden-sm btn-go" href="#">See results</a> </div> <div class="btns-ieee hidden-xs hidden-sm"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li id="header_menu_5"> <a href="/standards.html" class="nav-link"> Standards </a> <a class="accordian-iocns accordianClick"></a> <div class="dropdown-wrap header_menu_5 col-md-10 col-lg-10 col-xs-12"> <div class="panel-collapse"> <div class="dropdown-left pull-left col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-xs-12"> <ul class="arrow-link"> <li> <a href="http://standards.ieee.org/" target="_self"> Visit the IEEE SA site </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://standards.ieee.org/about/membership/?_ga=2.132795785.620929615.1638192524-1590554406.1633466825" target="_self"> Become a member of the IEEE SA </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://standards.ieee.org/products-services/regauth/?_ga=2.22833596.620929615.1638192524-1590554406.1633466825" target="_self"> Find information on the IEEE Registration Authority </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://regauth.standards.ieee.org/?_ga=2.195330091.620929615.1638192524-1590554406.1633466825" target="_self"> Obtain a MAC, OUI, or Ethernet address </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/802.11/4523/?_ga=2.129204235.620929615.1638192524-1590554406.1633466825" target="_self"> Access the IEEE 802.11™ WLAN standard </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://www.techstreet.com/ieee?utm_source=mm_link&utm_campaign=techstreet&utm_medium=std&utm_term=buy%20standards%2C%20techstreet" target="_self"> Purchase standards </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/browse/standards/get-program/page?utm_source=lp_wdw&utm_campaign=free_std&utm_medium=std&utm_term=free%20standards&_ga=2.199388329.620929615.1638192524-1590554406.1633466825" target="_self"> Get free select IEEE standards </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-standards-online-collections/?_ga=2.198405288.620929615.1638192524-1590554406.1633466825" target="_self"> Purchase standards subscriptions on IEEE Xplore® </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://standards.ieee.org/participate/?_ga=2.198354984.620929615.1638192524-1590554406.1633466825" target="_self"> Get involved with standards development </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://standards.ieee.org/develop/index.html?_ga=2.202588566.620929615.1638192524-1590554406.1633466825" target="_self"> Find a working group </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="dropdown-right pull-left col-md-8 col-lg-8 col-xs-12"> <div class="rte-description font-e hidden-xs hidden-sm"> IEEE nurtures, develops, and advances the building of global technologies. As a leading developer of industry standards in a broad range of technologies, IEEE SA drives the functionality, capabilities, safety, and interoperability of products and services, transforming how people live, work, and communicate. IEEE standards provide the bricks and mortar for a globally level playing field for innovation; protect public safety, health, and wellbeing; and contribute to a more sustainable future. </div> <div class="dropdown-title font-e hidden-xs hidden-sm"> What do you want to do? </div> <div class="dropdown-selector"> <div class="selector"> <a aria-expanded="true" aria-haspopup="true" class="dropdown_title dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#" role="button">Select an option</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li> <i class="fa fa-check selected hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="#">Select an option</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/browse/standards/get-program/page/series?id=68&utm_source=lp_wdw&utm_campaign=80211&utm_medium=std&utm_term=80211m=std&amp;utm_term=80211">Find information on IEEE 802.11™</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="https://standards.ieee.org/products-programs/nesc/?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=nesc&utm_medium=std&utm_term=nesc">Access the National Electrical Safety Code® (NESC®)</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="https://standards.ieee.org/products-programs/regauth/?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=regauth&utm_medium=std&utm_term=regauth">Find MAC, OUI, and Ethernet addresses from Registration Authority (regauth)</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/browse/standards/get-program/page/">Get free IEEE standards</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="http://standards.ieee.org/about/index.html?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=std_info&utm_medium=std&utm_term=standards%20association%20info">Learn more about the IEEE Standards Association</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="https://standards.ieee.org/search/?q=Software%20and%20Systems%20Engineering&topic=%7CSoftware%20and%20Systems%20Engineering&type=%7CStandard&utm_source=lp_wdw&utm_campaign=soft_eng&utm_medium=std&utm_term=software%20engineering">View Software and Systems Engineering Standards</a> </li> </ul> </div> <a class="btn-style hidden-xs hidden-sm btn-go" href="#">See results</a> </div> <div class="btns-ieee hidden-xs hidden-sm"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li id="header_menu_6"> <a href="/publications.html" class="nav-link"> Publications </a> <a class="accordian-iocns accordianClick"></a> <div class="dropdown-wrap header_menu_6 col-md-10 col-lg-10 col-xs-12"> <div class="panel-collapse"> <div class="dropdown-left pull-left col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-xs-12"> <ul class="arrow-link"> <li> <a href="http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/guesthome.jsp?utm_source=mm_link&utm_campaign=vix&utm_medium=pubs&utm_term=Xplore%20guest" target="_self"> IEEE Xplore® Digital Library </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://innovate.ieee.org/?utm_source=mm_link&utm_campaign=lp&utm_medium=pubs&utm_term=innovate%20subscription%20options" target="_self"> Subscription options </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://spectrum.ieee.org/?utm_source=mm_link&utm_campaign=sp&utm_medium=pubs&utm_term=spectrum%20home" target="_self"> IEEE Spectrum </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://theinstitute.ieee.org/?utm_source=mm_link&utm_campaign=inst&utm_medium=pubs&utm_term=institute%20home" target="_self"> The Institute </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://proceedingsoftheieee.ieee.org" target="_self"> Proceedings of the IEEE </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://open.ieee.org/" target="_self"> IEEE Open </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://ieeeaccess.ieee.org" target="_self"> IEEE Access® </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/" target="_self"> Author resources </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://collabratec.ieee.org/?utm_source=mm_link&utm_campaign=coll&utm_medium=ms&utm_term=collabratec" target="_self"> IEEE Collabratec® </a> </li> <li> <a href="/publications/books/index.html" target="_self"> IEEE Press </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="dropdown-right pull-left col-md-8 col-lg-8 col-xs-12"> <div class="rte-description font-e hidden-xs hidden-sm"> IEEE provides a wide range of quality publications that make the exchange of technical knowledge and information possible among technology professionals. This essential content, categorized below, is delivered through the IEEE <i>Xplore</i><sup>®</sup> Digital Library.<br /> <br /> <br /> </div> <div class="dropdown-title font-e hidden-xs hidden-sm"> What do you want to do? </div> <div class="dropdown-selector"> <div class="selector"> <a aria-expanded="true" aria-haspopup="true" class="dropdown_title dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#" role="button">Select an option</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li> <i class="fa fa-check selected hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="#">Select an option</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="/publications/subscriptions/products/mdl/free-trial.html?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=xtrial&utm_medium=pubs&utm_term=Xplore%20trial">Get an IEEE Xplore digital library trial for IEEE members</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="/publications/subscriptions/journal-citations.html?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=xtrial&utm_medium=pubs&utm_term=impact-factor">Review impact factors of IEEE journals</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="/publications/services/thesaurus-access-page.html?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=xtrial&utm_medium=pubs&utm_term=thesaurus-taxonomy">Request access to the IEEE Thesaurus and Taxonomy</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="#">Access the IEEE copyright form</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/authors/author_templates.html?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=templates&utm_medium=pubs&utm_term=author%20templates">Find article templates in Word and LaTeX formats</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/authors/author_education?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=author_ed&utm_medium=pubs&utm_term=author%20education">Get author education resources</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=xplore&utm_medium=pubs&utm_term=xplore">Visit the IEEE Xplore digital library</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="http://ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=author_tools&utm_medium=pubs&utm_term=author%2520digital%2520tools">Find Author Digital Tools for IEEE paper submission</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="/publications/rights/plagiarism/index.html?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=plagiarism&utm_medium=pubs&utm_term=plagiarism%20policy">Review the IEEE plagiarism policy</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="https://ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/?utm_source=wdw&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=stage-of-publishing">Get information about all stages of publishing with IEEE</a> </li> </ul> </div> <a class="btn-style hidden-xs hidden-sm btn-go" href="#">See results</a> </div> <div class="btns-ieee hidden-xs hidden-sm"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li id="header_menu_7"> <a href="/education.html" class="nav-link"> Education </a> <a class="accordian-iocns accordianClick"></a> <div class="dropdown-wrap header_menu_7 col-md-10 col-lg-10 col-xs-12"> <div class="panel-collapse"> <div class="dropdown-left pull-left col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-xs-12"> <ul class="arrow-link"> <li> <a href="/education/iln.html" target="_self"> IEEE Learning Network (ILN) </a> </li> <li> <a href="/education/credentialing/index.html" target="_self"> IEEE Credentialing Program </a> </li> <li> <a href="/education/preuniversity.html" target="_self"> Pre-university </a> </li> <li> <a href="/education/hkn-index.html" target="_self"> IEEE-Eta Kappa Nu </a> </li> <li> <a href="/education/accreditation.html" target="_self"> Accreditation </a> </li> <li> <a href="/communities/ieee-resource-centers.html?utm_source=mm_link&utm_campaign=resourcecenters&utm_medium=ms&utm_term=resourcecenters" target="_self"> IEEE Resource Centers </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="dropdown-right pull-left col-md-8 col-lg-8 col-xs-12"> <div class="rte-description font-e hidden-xs hidden-sm"> IEEE is a leader in engineering and technology education, providing resources for pre-university, university, and continuing professional education. IEEE offers innovative STEM and university education and recognition programs for students and their teachers, facilitates the accreditation of engineering programs at the university level, and offers ongoing continuing professional education for practitioners and engineering faculty through platforms such as the IEEE Learning Network (ILN). Explore education programs and offerings from IEEE below. </div> <div class="dropdown-title font-e hidden-xs hidden-sm"> What do you want to do? </div> <div class="dropdown-selector"> <div class="selector"> <a aria-expanded="true" aria-haspopup="true" class="dropdown_title dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#" role="button">Select an option</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li> <i class="fa fa-check selected hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="#">Select an option</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="https://iln.ieee.org/public/TrainingCatalog.aspx?_ga=2.229099423.288629489.1603724526-973538082.1603388995?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=certificates&utm_medium=ec&utm_term=iln">Access continuing education courses on the IEEE Learning Network</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="https://tryengineering.org/?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=tryeng&utm_medium=ec&utm_term=Try%20Engineering">Find STEM education resources on TryEngineering.org</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="https://tryengineeringinstitute.ieee.org/?_ga=2.242008833.288629489.1603724526-973538082.1603388995?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=certificates&utm_medium=ec&utm_term=summer">Learn about the TryEngineering Summer Institute for high school students</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="/education/university-programs.html?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=univ_prog&utm_medium=ec&utm_term=university%20programs">Explore university education program resources</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="https://tryengineering.org/?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=pre_univ&utm_medium=ec&utm_term=pre-university%20program">Access pre-university STEM education resources</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="/education/credentialing/index.html?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=certificates&utm_medium=ec&utm_term=e-learning">Learn about IEEE certificates and how to offer them</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="https://hkn.ieee.org?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=hkn&utm_medium=ec&utm_term=hkn">Find information about the IEEE-Eta Kappa Nu honor society</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="/about/ieee-projects.html?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=projects&utm_medium=ec&utm_term=projects">Learn about resources for final-year engineering projects</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="/about/employers-job-seekers.html?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=career_res&utm_medium=ec&utm_term=career%20resources">Access career resources</a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-check hidden-xs hidden-sm"></i> <a href="http://ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/?utm_source=wdw&utm_medium=lp-education&utm_campaign=stage-of-publishing">Get information about all stages of publishing with IEEE</a> </li> </ul> </div> <a class="btn-style hidden-xs hidden-sm btn-go" href="#">See results</a> </div> <div class="btns-ieee hidden-xs hidden-sm"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <!-- #site navigation-content end --> <div class="pull-right hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <a class="btn-blue" href="/membership/join/index.html?WT.mc_id=hc_join" target="_self">JOIN IEEE</a> <!-- #cta-button-content end --> </div> <div class="btns-tab-mob hidden-md hidden-md hidden-lg"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <!-- End Page header Block component --></div> </div> </header> <!-- #header ends --> <!-- Page Container ============================================= --> <div id="main-content" role="main"> <div class="container"> <div> <!-- Service Alert Banner content ============================================= --> <!-- service-alert-banner-end --></div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 hidden-sm hidden-xs"> <!-- Start BreadCrumb component ============================================= --> <div class="bread-crumb font-e separator-slash text-left"> <ul> <li> <a href="/"> Home </a> </li> <li> <a href="/publications.html"> Publications </a> </li> <li> Publications </li> </ul> </div> <!-- End Breadcrumb component --> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 bottom-space-sm"> <div class="sub-nav-title"> <!--Title component content ============================================= --> <!-- Enable subscribe overlay modal --> <!-- End Title component --> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="html-prototype"> <!-- HTML ProtoType component content --> <style type="text/css"> img{ border-radius: 10px; } #mainHeader{ padding: 90px 60px !important; } #mainHeader h1{ display: inline-block; background: #e2ebf7; padding: 15px 20px; border-radius: 10px; } #mainHeader .intro-text{ display: inline-block; background: #e2ebf7; padding: 15px 20px; line-height: 1.5; border-radius: 10px; font-size: 17px; } #mainHeader .section-bg-img{ background-position: bottom center; border-radius: 10px !important; } .section-column-control .container, .section-column-control .container-fluid{ min-height: auto !important; } @media only screen and (min-width: 769px) { .img-thumb{ max-width: 220px; float: left; margin: 5px 10px 10px 0px; } } .bread-crumb{ display: none; } </style> <!-- html-prototype-component-content --> </div> <div class="section-column-control"><!-- /* Section Container Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a section with container as optional with different elements to configure. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 50:50 2. Options to set or remove container background image/color. 3. Options to set or remove container width. 4. Options to set centralize content. 5. Options to set Tablet and Desktop columns display. 6. options to set columns content alignment. 7. options to set top/bottom boarder. 8. options to set or remove column background color. */ --> <!-- Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= --> <!-- #sightly-global-objects-declaration end --> <!-- Full width Section Container Column Control Content --> <div id="mainHeader" class=" top-space-none container-fluid" style="background-color: #FFFFFF; margin: ; border-left:; border-right:; border-top:; border-bottom:; min-height:; padding:"> <div class="section-bg-img" style="background-image:url('/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/landing-pages/publications-header-1920-1080-2nd.jpg')"></div> <div class="row columns-align-equal-height"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 bottom-space-none left-right-space-none"> <div style="background-color: transparent;" class="par-column-control"> <div class="column-control"><!-- /* Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a columns configured and display . by default it is 2 columns to display. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 66:33 2 columns - 50:50 2 columns - 66:33 2 columns - 33:66 2 columns - 70:30 2 columns - 30:70 3 columns - 40:40:20 3 columns - 40:20:40 3 columns - 20:40:40 3 columns - 33:33:33 3 columns - 25:25:50 3 columns - 25:50:25 3 columns - 50:25:25 4 columns - 25:25:25:25 1 column - full (100%) 1 column - half (50% on the left) 1 column - one third (33% on the left) 1 column - two thirds (66% on the left) 1 column - one forth (25% on the left) 1 column - one sixth (16% on the left) 1 column - three fourths (75% on the left) 1 column - one fifths (20% on the left) 1 column - two fifths (40% on the left) 1 column - three fifths (60% on the left) 1 column - four fifths (80% on the left) 1 column - five sixths (84% on the left) */ --> <!-- /* Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= */ --> <!-- /* #sightly-global-objects-declaration end */ --> <!-- Section Container Column Control Content ============================================= --> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-8"> <div class="par-column-control"> <div class="rte text parbase"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/etc.clientlibs/wcm/foundation/clientlibs/accessibility.min.6fe5d4427361a4c0ca5a75457e3e4256.css" type="text/css"> <h1><b>Publications</b></h1> </div> <div class="rte text parbase"> <h4 class="intro-text">IEEE provides a wide range of quality publications that make the exchange of technical knowledge and information possible among technology professionals.</h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4"> <div class="par-column-control"> <div class="section-column-control"><!-- /* Section Container Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a section with container as optional with different elements to configure. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 50:50 2. Options to set or remove container background image/color. 3. Options to set or remove container width. 4. Options to set centralize content. 5. Options to set Tablet and Desktop columns display. 6. options to set columns content alignment. 7. options to set top/bottom boarder. 8. options to set or remove column background color. */ --> <!-- Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= --> <!-- #sightly-global-objects-declaration end --> <!-- Full width Section Container Column Control Content --> <div id="wdywtd" class=" top-space-sm left-right-space-sm container-fluid" style="background-color: #00629B; margin: ; border-left:; border-right:; border-top:; border-bottom:; min-height:; padding:"> <div class="row columns-align-equal-height"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 bottom-space-sm "> <div style="background-color: transparent;" class="par-column-control"> <div class="html-prototype"> <!-- HTML ProtoType component content --> <style type="text/css"> #wdywtd .expcolall{ display: none; } #wdywtd{ border-radius: 10px; margin-top: 20px; } #wdywtd .expand-collapse a{ color: #fff; } #wdywtd .expand-collapse ul{ list-style-type: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; } #wdywtd .expand-collapse ul li{ margin: 0p 0px 8px 0px; width: 100%; display: block; float: left; } #wdywtd .ectitlerow{ font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; } #wdywtd .ectitlerow::before{ float: left; margin-top: 3px; margin-right: -15px; content: " "; width: 50px; height: 20px; background-image: url(/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/homepage/misc/angle-down.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 44%; background-position: left; } #wdywtd .expand-collapse a{ float: left; } #wdywtd .ectitlerow a::after{ content: " "; width: 50%; height: 3px; background: #fff; float: left; margin-top: 5px; } #wdywtd .ectitlerow a:hover{ text-decoration: none; } #wdywtd .status{ display: none; } #wdywtd .eccontentrow{ margin-left: 0px; width: 100%; float: left; padding-top: 15px; } @media (min-width: 1200px) { #wdywtd { width: 350px; position: relative; right: -25px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; } } @media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 980px) { #wdywtd .ectitlerow a::after{ margin-left: 35px; } #wdywtd .expand-collapse a{ float: none; } } @media (max-width: 767px) { #wdywtd .ectitlerow a::after{ width: 100% } #wdywtd .expand-collapse a{ float: none; } } </style> <!-- html-prototype-component-content --> </div> <div class="expand-collapse"> <div class="cq-placeholder section" data-emptytext="Expand/Collapse Component"></div> <div class="button-container" style="background-color: ;padding: "> <input id="close" type="hidden" value="status"/> <input id="open" type="hidden" value="status"/> <div class="expcolall"> <p> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="expcol-expand-all">Expand All</a> | <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="expcol-collapse-all">Collapse All</a> </p> </div> <div id="ectitlerow-0" class="clearfix ectitlerow collapsed"> <span style="float:left"> <i class="status"></i> </span> <span style="font-size: ;"> <a> What do you want to do? </a> </span> </div> <div style="display: none;" id="eccontentrow-0" class="eccontentrow"> <p><ul> <li><a href="/publications/subscriptions/products/mdl/free-trial.html?utm_source=wdw&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=xplore-trial">&gt; Get an IEEE <i>Xplore</i> Digital Library trial for IEEE members</a></li> <li><a href="/publications/subscriptions/journal-citations.html?utm_source=wdw&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=impact-factor">&gt; Review impact factors of IEEE journals</a></li> <li><a href="/publications/services/thesaurus-thank-you.html?utm_source=mm_wdw&utm_campaign=xtrial&utm_medium=pubs&utm_term=thesaurus-taxonomy">&gt; Access the IEEE thesaurus and taxonomy</a></li> <li><a href="http://ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/create-your-ieee-article/use-authoring-tools-and-ieee-article-templates/ieee-article-templates/?utm_source=wdw&amp;utm_medium=lp-pubs&amp;utm_campaign=word-latex-templates">&gt; Find article templates in Word and LaTeX formats</a></li> <li><a href="http://ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/publish-with-ieee/author-education-resources/?utm_source=wdw&amp;utm_medium=lp-pubs&amp;utm_campaign=author-education">&gt; Get author education resources</a></li> <li><a href="http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/?utm_source=wdw&amp;utm_medium=lp-pubs&amp;utm_campaign=visit-xplore">&gt; Visit the IEEE <i>Xplore</i> Digital Library</a></li> <li><a href="https://ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/create-your-ieee-article/use-authoring-tools-and-ieee-article-templates/?utm_source=wdw&amp;utm_medium=lp-pubs&amp;utm_campaign=author-tools">&gt; Learn more about IEEE author tools</a></li> <li><a href="https://ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/publish-with-ieee/publishing-ethics/cite-sources-appropriately/?utm_source=wdw&amp;utm_medium=lp-pubs&amp;utm_campaign=plagiarism-policy">&gt; Review the IEEE plagiarism policy</a></li> <li><a href="http://ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/?utm_source=wdw&amp;utm_medium=lp-pubs&amp;utm_campaign=stage-of-publishing">&gt; Get information about all stages of publishing with IEEE</a></li> </ul> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- #full-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> <!-- Fixed width Section Container Column Control Content --> <!-- #fixed-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <!-- #Section Container Column Control end --></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- #full-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> <!-- Fixed width Section Container Column Control Content --> <!-- #fixed-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> </div> <div class="section-column-control"><!-- /* Section Container Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a section with container as optional with different elements to configure. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 50:50 2. Options to set or remove container background image/color. 3. Options to set or remove container width. 4. Options to set centralize content. 5. Options to set Tablet and Desktop columns display. 6. options to set columns content alignment. 7. options to set top/bottom boarder. 8. options to set or remove column background color. */ --> <!-- Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= --> <!-- #sightly-global-objects-declaration end --> <!-- Full width Section Container Column Control Content --> <div class=" top-space-lg left-right-space-md container-fluid" style="background-color: #FFFFFF; margin: ; border-left:; border-right:; border-top:; border-bottom:; min-height:; padding:"> <div class="row columns-align-equal-height"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 bottom-space-lg "> <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;" class="par-column-control"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- #full-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> <!-- Fixed width Section Container Column Control Content --> <!-- #fixed-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> </div> <div class="section-column-control"><!-- /* Section Container Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a section with container as optional with different elements to configure. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 50:50 2. Options to set or remove container background image/color. 3. Options to set or remove container width. 4. Options to set centralize content. 5. Options to set Tablet and Desktop columns display. 6. options to set columns content alignment. 7. options to set top/bottom boarder. 8. options to set or remove column background color. */ --> <!-- Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= --> <!-- #sightly-global-objects-declaration end --> <!-- Full width Section Container Column Control Content --> <div class=" top-space-lg left-right-space-md container-fluid" style="background-color: #f5f5f5; margin: ; border-left:; border-right:; border-top:; border-bottom:; min-height:; padding:"> <div class="row columns-align-equal-height"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 bottom-space-none "> <div style="background-color: transparent;" class="par-column-control"> <div class="section-column-control"><!-- /* Section Container Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a section with container as optional with different elements to configure. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 50:50 2. Options to set or remove container background image/color. 3. Options to set or remove container width. 4. Options to set centralize content. 5. Options to set Tablet and Desktop columns display. 6. options to set columns content alignment. 7. options to set top/bottom boarder. 8. options to set or remove column background color. */ --> <!-- Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= --> <!-- #sightly-global-objects-declaration end --> <!-- Full width Section Container Column Control Content --> <div class=" top-space-md left-right-space-sm container-fluid" style="background-color: transparent; margin: ; border-left:; border-right:; border-top:; border-bottom:; min-height:; padding:"> <div class="row columns-align-equal-height"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-6 col-sm-12 bottom-space-md "> <div style="background-color: transparent;" class="par-column-control"> <div class="responsive-image"> <!-- Responsive Image Content ============================================= --> <div class="responsive-img"> <a href="/publications/publication-types.html?utm_source=linkslist_image&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=publications-types" target="_self" style="width:100%"> <img src="/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/homecarousel/whats-happening/wireless-internet.jpg" class="img-responsive" alt="A finger touches a digital circle with various technology symbols at the other end."/> </a> </div> <!-- End Response Image Content --></div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-6 col-sm-12 bottom-space-md "> <div style="background-color: transparent;" class="par-column-control"> <div class="rte text parbase"> <h3><b>Why choose IEEE publications?</b></h3> <p>IEEE publishes the leading journals, transactions, letters, and magazines in electrical engineering, computing, biotechnology, telecommunications, power and energy, and dozens of other technologies.</p> <p>In addition, IEEE publishes more than 1,800 leading-edge conference proceedings every year, which are recognized by academia and industry worldwide as the most vital collection of consolidated published papers in electrical engineering, computer science, and related fields.</p> </div> <div class="link-list-container-with-sort"> <!-- =========================== Links List Container with sort Content ============================================= --> <ul class="link-list"> <li> <a href="/publications/publication-types.html?utm_source=linkslist_text&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=publications-types" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </span> Learn more </a> </li> </ul> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- #full-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> <!-- Fixed width Section Container Column Control Content --> <!-- #fixed-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- #full-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> <!-- Fixed width Section Container Column Control Content --> <!-- #fixed-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> </div> <div class="html-prototype"> <!-- HTML ProtoType component content --> <style type="text/css"> #governance-policy-jobs-identity-section .section-column-control .gradient-bottom-border::before{ border-radius: 10px !important; background: #00B5E2 !important; } /* @media only screen and (min-width: 980px) { #left-col-border::before{ width: 6px; background: #00629B; height: 100%; position: absolute; right: 0; border-radius: 10px; opacity: 0.7; } #left-col-padding{ margin-right: 25px; } } */ </style> <!-- html-prototype-component-content --> </div> <div class="column-control"><!-- /* Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a columns configured and display . by default it is 2 columns to display. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 66:33 2 columns - 50:50 2 columns - 66:33 2 columns - 33:66 2 columns - 70:30 2 columns - 30:70 3 columns - 40:40:20 3 columns - 40:20:40 3 columns - 20:40:40 3 columns - 33:33:33 3 columns - 25:25:50 3 columns - 25:50:25 3 columns - 50:25:25 4 columns - 25:25:25:25 1 column - full (100%) 1 column - half (50% on the left) 1 column - one third (33% on the left) 1 column - two thirds (66% on the left) 1 column - one forth (25% on the left) 1 column - one sixth (16% on the left) 1 column - three fourths (75% on the left) 1 column - one fifths (20% on the left) 1 column - two fifths (40% on the left) 1 column - three fifths (60% on the left) 1 column - four fifths (80% on the left) 1 column - five sixths (84% on the left) */ --> <!-- /* Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= */ --> <!-- /* #sightly-global-objects-declaration end */ --> <!-- Section Container Column Control Content ============================================= --> <div id="governance-policy-jobs-identity-section" class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12"> <div class="par-column-control"> <div class="section-column-control"><!-- /* Section Container Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a section with container as optional with different elements to configure. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 50:50 2. Options to set or remove container background image/color. 3. Options to set or remove container width. 4. Options to set centralize content. 5. Options to set Tablet and Desktop columns display. 6. options to set columns content alignment. 7. options to set top/bottom boarder. 8. options to set or remove column background color. */ --> <!-- Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= --> <!-- #sightly-global-objects-declaration end --> <!-- Full width Section Container Column Control Content --> <div class=" top-space-none left-right-space-md container-fluid" style="background-color: #f5f5f5; margin: ; border-left:; border-right:; border-top:; border-bottom:; min-height:; padding:"> <div class="row columns-align-equal-height"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 bottom-space-lg "> <div style="background-color: transparent;" class="par-column-control"> <div class="section-column-control"><!-- /* Section Container Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a section with container as optional with different elements to configure. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 50:50 2. Options to set or remove container background image/color. 3. Options to set or remove container width. 4. Options to set centralize content. 5. Options to set Tablet and Desktop columns display. 6. options to set columns content alignment. 7. options to set top/bottom boarder. 8. options to set or remove column background color. */ --> <!-- Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= --> <!-- #sightly-global-objects-declaration end --> <!-- Full width Section Container Column Control Content --> <div class=" top-space-none container-fluid" style="background-color: transparent; margin: ; border-left:; border-right:; border-top:; border-bottom:; min-height:; padding:"> <div class="row columns-align-equal-height"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 bottom-space-sm left-right-space-none"> <div style="background-color: transparent;" class="par-column-control"> <div class="section-column-control"><!-- /* Section Container Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a section with container as optional with different elements to configure. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 50:50 2. Options to set or remove container background image/color. 3. Options to set or remove container width. 4. Options to set centralize content. 5. Options to set Tablet and Desktop columns display. 6. options to set columns content alignment. 7. options to set top/bottom boarder. 8. options to set or remove column background color. */ --> <!-- Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= --> <!-- #sightly-global-objects-declaration end --> <!-- Full width Section Container Column Control Content --> <div class=" top-space-md left-right-space-sm container-fluid" style="background-color: transparent; margin: ; border-left:; border-right:; border-top:; border-bottom:; min-height:; padding:"> <div class="row columns-align-equal-height"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-6 col-sm-12 bottom-space-md "> <div style="background-color: transparent;" class="par-column-control"> <div class="section-column-control"><!-- /* Section Container Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a section with container as optional with different elements to configure. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 50:50 2. Options to set or remove container background image/color. 3. Options to set or remove container width. 4. Options to set centralize content. 5. Options to set Tablet and Desktop columns display. 6. options to set columns content alignment. 7. options to set top/bottom boarder. 8. options to set or remove column background color. */ --> <!-- Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= --> <!-- #sightly-global-objects-declaration end --> <!-- Full width Section Container Column Control Content --> <div id="left-col-border" class=" top-space-none container-fluid" style="background-color: transparent; margin: ; border-left:; border-right:; border-top:; border-bottom:; min-height:; padding:"> <div class="row columns-align-equal-height"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 bottom-space-none left-right-space-none"> <div style="background-color: transparent;" class="par-column-control"> <div class="section-column-control"><!-- /* Section Container Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a section with container as optional with different elements to configure. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 50:50 2. Options to set or remove container background image/color. 3. Options to set or remove container width. 4. Options to set centralize content. 5. Options to set Tablet and Desktop columns display. 6. options to set columns content alignment. 7. options to set top/bottom boarder. 8. options to set or remove column background color. */ --> <!-- Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= --> <!-- #sightly-global-objects-declaration end --> <!-- Full width Section Container Column Control Content --> <div id="left-col-padding" class=" top-space-none left-right-space-md container-fluid" style="background-color: #FFFFFF; margin: ; border-left:; border-right:; border-top:; border-bottom:; min-height:; padding:"> <div class="row columns-align-equal-height"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 bottom-space-none "> <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;" class="par-column-control"> <div class="rte text parbase"> <h3><b>Spotlight on IEEE publications</b></h3> </div> <div class="section-column-control"><!-- /* Section Container Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a section with container as optional with different elements to configure. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 50:50 2. Options to set or remove container background image/color. 3. Options to set or remove container width. 4. Options to set centralize content. 5. Options to set Tablet and Desktop columns display. 6. options to set columns content alignment. 7. options to set top/bottom boarder. 8. options to set or remove column background color. */ --> <!-- Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= --> <!-- #sightly-global-objects-declaration end --> <!-- Full width Section Container Column Control Content --> <div class=" top-space-none container-fluid" style="background-color: transparent; margin: ; border-left:; border-right:; border-top:; border-bottom:; min-height:; padding:"> <div class="row columns-align-equal-height"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 bottom-space-md left-right-space-none"> <div style="background-color: transparent;" class="par-column-control"> <div class="rte text parbase"> <h4><b>IEEE <i>Xplore<sup>®</sup></i></b></h4> </div> <div class="rte text parbase"> <img src="/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/landing-page-carousel/ieee-xplore-digital-library.jpg" class="img-responsive img-thumb" alt="A lit-up lock symbol sites on a microchip."/> The IEEE <i>Xplore</i> Digital Library provides access to more than 6 million documents including research articles, standards, transactions, eBooks, and conference publications. </div> <div class="column-control"><!-- /* Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a columns configured and display . by default it is 2 columns to display. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 66:33 2 columns - 50:50 2 columns - 66:33 2 columns - 33:66 2 columns - 70:30 2 columns - 30:70 3 columns - 40:40:20 3 columns - 40:20:40 3 columns - 20:40:40 3 columns - 33:33:33 3 columns - 25:25:50 3 columns - 25:50:25 3 columns - 50:25:25 4 columns - 25:25:25:25 1 column - full (100%) 1 column - half (50% on the left) 1 column - one third (33% on the left) 1 column - two thirds (66% on the left) 1 column - one forth (25% on the left) 1 column - one sixth (16% on the left) 1 column - three fourths (75% on the left) 1 column - one fifths (20% on the left) 1 column - two fifths (40% on the left) 1 column - three fifths (60% on the left) 1 column - four fifths (80% on the left) 1 column - five sixths (84% on the left) */ --> <!-- /* Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= */ --> <!-- /* #sightly-global-objects-declaration end */ --> <!-- Section Container Column Control Content ============================================= --> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12"> <div class="par-column-control"> <div class="rte text parbase"> <a class="arrow-link" href="http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/Help_start.html?utm_source=linkslist_text&amp;utm_medium=lp-pubs&amp;utm_campaign=about-xplore">About IEEE <i>Xplore</i></a><br /> <a class="arrow-link" href="http://ieeexplore.ieee.org">Visit IEEE <i>Xplore</i></a><br /> <a class="arrow-link" href="http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/Help_Purchasing_Articles_and_Papers.html?utm_source=linkslist_text&amp;utm_medium=lp-pubs&amp;utm_campaign=purchase-articles-standards">See how to purchase articles and standards</a><br /> <a class="arrow-link" href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/administrators-and-librarians/ieee-client-services-team?utm_source=linkslist_text&amp;utm_medium=lp-pubs&amp;utm_campaign=support-training">Find support and training</a><br /> <a class="arrow-link" href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/popular/all?utm_source=linkslist_text&amp;utm_medium=lp-pubs&amp;utm_campaign=top-100">Browse popular content</a><br /> <a class="arrow-link" href="http://innovate.ieee.org/innovate/article/35675?utm_source=linkslist_text&amp;utm_medium=lp-pubs&amp;utm_campaign=free-trial">Sign up for a free trial</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <!-- #Section Container Column Control end --></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- #full-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> <!-- Fixed width Section Container Column Control Content --> <!-- #fixed-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> </div> <div class="section-column-control"><!-- /* Section Container Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a section with container as optional with different elements to configure. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 50:50 2. Options to set or remove container background image/color. 3. Options to set or remove container width. 4. Options to set centralize content. 5. Options to set Tablet and Desktop columns display. 6. options to set columns content alignment. 7. options to set top/bottom boarder. 8. options to set or remove column background color. */ --> <!-- Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= --> <!-- #sightly-global-objects-declaration end --> <!-- Full width Section Container Column Control Content --> <div class=" top-space-md container-fluid" style="background-color: transparent; margin: ; border-left:; border-right:; border-top:; border-bottom:; min-height:; padding:"> <div class="row columns-align-equal-height"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 bottom-space-md left-right-space-none"> <div style="background-color: transparent;" class="par-column-control"> <div class="rte text parbase"> <h4><b>IEEE Spectrum Magazine</b></h4> </div> <div class="rte text parbase"> <img src="/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/landing-page-carousel/ieee-spectrum-magazine.jpg" class="img-responsive img-thumb" alt="IEEE Spectrum in white on orange background. Text in upper left reads More Signal, Less Noise."/> <i>IEEE Spectrum</i> is an award-winning technology magazine and the flagship publication of IEEE, covering major trends and developments in technology, engineering, and science.<br /> <br /> <a href="https://spectrum.ieee.org/the-institute">The Institute,</a> dedicated to IEEE members, features stories about IEEE activities, member profiles, conference information, important member dates and deadlines, IEEE election news, career guidance, and more. </div> <div class="column-control"><!-- /* Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a columns configured and display . by default it is 2 columns to display. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 66:33 2 columns - 50:50 2 columns - 66:33 2 columns - 33:66 2 columns - 70:30 2 columns - 30:70 3 columns - 40:40:20 3 columns - 40:20:40 3 columns - 20:40:40 3 columns - 33:33:33 3 columns - 25:25:50 3 columns - 25:50:25 3 columns - 50:25:25 4 columns - 25:25:25:25 1 column - full (100%) 1 column - half (50% on the left) 1 column - one third (33% on the left) 1 column - two thirds (66% on the left) 1 column - one forth (25% on the left) 1 column - one sixth (16% on the left) 1 column - three fourths (75% on the left) 1 column - one fifths (20% on the left) 1 column - two fifths (40% on the left) 1 column - three fifths (60% on the left) 1 column - four fifths (80% on the left) 1 column - five sixths (84% on the left) */ --> <!-- /* Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= */ --> <!-- /* #sightly-global-objects-declaration end */ --> <!-- Section Container Column Control Content ============================================= --> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12"> <div class="par-column-control"> <div class="link-list-container-with-sort"> <!-- =========================== Links List Container with sort Content ============================================= --> <ul class="link-list"> <li> <a href="http://spectrum.ieee.org/?utm_source=linkslist_text&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=spectrum" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </span> Visit the IEEE Spectrum website </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://spectrum.ieee.org/the-institute/?utm_source=linkslist_text&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=the-institute&_ga=2.71150096.1080596218.1630408297-1626659259.1607004410" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </span> Visit the Institute for IEEE member news </a> </li> </ul> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <!-- #Section Container Column Control end --></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- #full-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> <!-- Fixed width Section Container Column Control Content --> <!-- #fixed-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> </div> <div class="section-column-control"><!-- /* Section Container Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a section with container as optional with different elements to configure. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 50:50 2. Options to set or remove container background image/color. 3. Options to set or remove container width. 4. Options to set centralize content. 5. Options to set Tablet and Desktop columns display. 6. options to set columns content alignment. 7. options to set top/bottom boarder. 8. options to set or remove column background color. */ --> <!-- Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= --> <!-- #sightly-global-objects-declaration end --> <!-- Full width Section Container Column Control Content --> <div class=" top-space-md container-fluid" style="background-color: transparent; margin: ; border-left:; border-right:; border-top:; border-bottom:; min-height:; padding:"> <div class="row columns-align-equal-height"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 bottom-space-md left-right-space-none"> <div style="background-color: transparent;" class="par-column-control"> <div class="rte text parbase"> <h4><b>IEEE Access</b></h4> </div> <div class="rte text parbase"> <img src="/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/landing-page-carousel/ieee-access.jpg" alt="IEEE Access logo with a stopwatch to the right." class="img-responsive img-thumb"/> An award-winning, multidisciplinary, all-electronic archival journal presenting the results of original research or development. IEEE Access has a rapid peer review and publication process with open access to all readers.<br />   </div> <div class="column-control"><!-- /* Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a columns configured and display . by default it is 2 columns to display. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 66:33 2 columns - 50:50 2 columns - 66:33 2 columns - 33:66 2 columns - 70:30 2 columns - 30:70 3 columns - 40:40:20 3 columns - 40:20:40 3 columns - 20:40:40 3 columns - 33:33:33 3 columns - 25:25:50 3 columns - 25:50:25 3 columns - 50:25:25 4 columns - 25:25:25:25 1 column - full (100%) 1 column - half (50% on the left) 1 column - one third (33% on the left) 1 column - two thirds (66% on the left) 1 column - one forth (25% on the left) 1 column - one sixth (16% on the left) 1 column - three fourths (75% on the left) 1 column - one fifths (20% on the left) 1 column - two fifths (40% on the left) 1 column - three fifths (60% on the left) 1 column - four fifths (80% on the left) 1 column - five sixths (84% on the left) */ --> <!-- /* Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= */ --> <!-- /* #sightly-global-objects-declaration end */ --> <!-- Section Container Column Control Content ============================================= --> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12"> <div class="par-column-control"> <div class="link-list-container-with-sort"> <!-- =========================== Links List Container with sort Content ============================================= --> <ul class="link-list"> <li> <a href="https://ieeeaccess.ieee.org/?utm_source=linkslist_text&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=ieee-access" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </span> Visit IEEE Access </a> </li> </ul> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <!-- #Section Container Column Control end --></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- #full-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> <!-- Fixed width Section Container Column Control Content --> <!-- #fixed-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> </div> <div class="section-column-control"><!-- /* Section Container Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a section with container as optional with different elements to configure. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 50:50 2. Options to set or remove container background image/color. 3. Options to set or remove container width. 4. Options to set centralize content. 5. Options to set Tablet and Desktop columns display. 6. options to set columns content alignment. 7. options to set top/bottom boarder. 8. options to set or remove column background color. */ --> <!-- Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= --> <!-- #sightly-global-objects-declaration end --> <!-- Full width Section Container Column Control Content --> <div class=" top-space-md container-fluid" style="background-color: transparent; margin: ; border-left:; border-right:; border-top:; border-bottom:; min-height:; padding:"> <div class="row columns-align-equal-height"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 bottom-space-md left-right-space-none"> <div style="background-color: transparent;" class="par-column-control"> <div class="rte text parbase"> <h4><b>Proceedings of the IEEE</b></h4> </div> <div class="rte text parbase"> <img src="/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/landing-page-carousel/proceedings-of-the-ieee-600-400.jpg" alt="View of a piece of Earth from space." class="img-responsive img-thumb"/>The leading journal for in-depth tutorial and review coverage of the technical developments that shape the world, offering review and survey articles of broad significance and long-range interest in all areas of electrical, electronics, and computer engineering. </div> <div class="column-control"><!-- /* Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a columns configured and display . by default it is 2 columns to display. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 66:33 2 columns - 50:50 2 columns - 66:33 2 columns - 33:66 2 columns - 70:30 2 columns - 30:70 3 columns - 40:40:20 3 columns - 40:20:40 3 columns - 20:40:40 3 columns - 33:33:33 3 columns - 25:25:50 3 columns - 25:50:25 3 columns - 50:25:25 4 columns - 25:25:25:25 1 column - full (100%) 1 column - half (50% on the left) 1 column - one third (33% on the left) 1 column - two thirds (66% on the left) 1 column - one forth (25% on the left) 1 column - one sixth (16% on the left) 1 column - three fourths (75% on the left) 1 column - one fifths (20% on the left) 1 column - two fifths (40% on the left) 1 column - three fifths (60% on the left) 1 column - four fifths (80% on the left) 1 column - five sixths (84% on the left) */ --> <!-- /* Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= */ --> <!-- /* #sightly-global-objects-declaration end */ --> <!-- Section Container Column Control Content ============================================= --> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12"> <div class="par-column-control"> <div class="link-list-container-with-sort"> <!-- =========================== Links List Container with sort Content ============================================= --> <ul class="link-list"> <li> <a href="https://proceedingsoftheieee.ieee.org/view-recent-issues/?utm_source=linkslist_text&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=proceedings" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </span> See recent issues </a> </li> </ul> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <!-- #Section Container Column Control end --></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- #full-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> <!-- Fixed width Section Container Column Control Content --> <!-- #fixed-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- #full-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> <!-- Fixed width Section Container Column Control Content --> <!-- #fixed-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- #full-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> <!-- Fixed width Section Container Column Control Content --> <!-- #fixed-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-6 col-sm-12 bottom-space-md "> <div style="background-color: transparent;" class="par-column-control"> <div class="section-column-control"><!-- /* Section Container Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a section with container as optional with different elements to configure. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 50:50 2. Options to set or remove container background image/color. 3. Options to set or remove container width. 4. Options to set centralize content. 5. Options to set Tablet and Desktop columns display. 6. options to set columns content alignment. 7. options to set top/bottom boarder. 8. options to set or remove column background color. */ --> <!-- Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= --> <!-- #sightly-global-objects-declaration end --> <!-- Full width Section Container Column Control Content --> <div class=" top-space-none container-fluid" style="background-color: transparent; margin: ; border-left:; border-right:; border-top:; border-bottom:; min-height:; padding:"> <div class="row columns-align-equal-height"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 bottom-space-none left-right-space-none"> <div style="background-color: transparent;" class="par-column-control"> <div class="section-column-control"><!-- /* Section Container Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a section with container as optional with different elements to configure. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 50:50 2. Options to set or remove container background image/color. 3. Options to set or remove container width. 4. Options to set centralize content. 5. Options to set Tablet and Desktop columns display. 6. options to set columns content alignment. 7. options to set top/bottom boarder. 8. options to set or remove column background color. */ --> <!-- Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= --> <!-- #sightly-global-objects-declaration end --> <!-- Full width Section Container Column Control Content --> <div class=" top-space-none left-right-space-md container-fluid" style="background-color: #FFFFFF; margin: ; border-left:; border-right:; border-top:; border-bottom:; min-height:; padding:"> <div class="row columns-align-equal-height"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 bottom-space-none "> <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;" class="par-column-control"> <div class="rte text parbase"> <h3><b>Benefits of publishing </b></h3> </div> <div class="section-column-control"><!-- /* Section Container Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a section with container as optional with different elements to configure. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 50:50 2. Options to set or remove container background image/color. 3. Options to set or remove container width. 4. Options to set centralize content. 5. Options to set Tablet and Desktop columns display. 6. options to set columns content alignment. 7. options to set top/bottom boarder. 8. options to set or remove column background color. */ --> <!-- Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= --> <!-- #sightly-global-objects-declaration end --> <!-- Full width Section Container Column Control Content --> <div class=" top-space-none container-fluid" style="background-color: transparent; margin: ; border-left:; border-right:; border-top:; border-bottom:; min-height:; padding:"> <div class="row columns-align-equal-height"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 bottom-space-md left-right-space-none"> <div style="background-color: transparent;" class="par-column-control"> <div class="rte text parbase"> <h4><b>Authors: Why publish with IEEE?</b></h4> </div> <div class="rte text parbase"> <img src="/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/landing-page-carousel/why-publish-with-ieee.jpg" alt="A smiling woman types on a laptop." class="img-responsive img-thumb"/>IEEE publications and authors advance theory and practice in key technology areas. IEEE articles are the most highly cited in US and European patents, and IEEE journals continue to maintain rankings at the top of their fields. </div> <div class="column-control"><!-- /* Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a columns configured and display . by default it is 2 columns to display. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 66:33 2 columns - 50:50 2 columns - 66:33 2 columns - 33:66 2 columns - 70:30 2 columns - 30:70 3 columns - 40:40:20 3 columns - 40:20:40 3 columns - 20:40:40 3 columns - 33:33:33 3 columns - 25:25:50 3 columns - 25:50:25 3 columns - 50:25:25 4 columns - 25:25:25:25 1 column - full (100%) 1 column - half (50% on the left) 1 column - one third (33% on the left) 1 column - two thirds (66% on the left) 1 column - one forth (25% on the left) 1 column - one sixth (16% on the left) 1 column - three fourths (75% on the left) 1 column - one fifths (20% on the left) 1 column - two fifths (40% on the left) 1 column - three fifths (60% on the left) 1 column - four fifths (80% on the left) 1 column - five sixths (84% on the left) */ --> <!-- /* Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= */ --> <!-- /* #sightly-global-objects-declaration end */ --> <!-- Section Container Column Control Content ============================================= --> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12"> <div class="par-column-control"> <div class="link-list-container-with-sort"> <!-- =========================== Links List Container with sort Content ============================================= --> <ul class="link-list"> <li> <a href="/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/pubs/2023-pspb-highlights.pdf" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </span> PSPB Accomplishments in 2023 (PDF, 228 KB) </a> </li> <li> <a href="/publications/index/ieee-statement-of-support-for-open-science.html" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </span> IEEE statement of support for Open Science </a> </li> <li> <a href="#" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </span> IEEE signs San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA) </a> </li> <li> <a href="/publications/subscriptions/journal-citations.html?utm_source=linkslist_text&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=journals-citations" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </span> Read about how IEEE journals maintain top citation rankings </a> </li> </ul> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <!-- #Section Container Column Control end --></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- #full-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> <!-- Fixed width Section Container Column Control Content --> <!-- #fixed-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> </div> <div class="section-column-control"><!-- /* Section Container Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a section with container as optional with different elements to configure. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 50:50 2. Options to set or remove container background image/color. 3. Options to set or remove container width. 4. Options to set centralize content. 5. Options to set Tablet and Desktop columns display. 6. options to set columns content alignment. 7. options to set top/bottom boarder. 8. options to set or remove column background color. */ --> <!-- Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= --> <!-- #sightly-global-objects-declaration end --> <!-- Full width Section Container Column Control Content --> <div class=" top-space-sm container-fluid" style="background-color: transparent; margin: ; border-left:; border-right:; border-top:; border-bottom:; min-height:; padding:"> <div class="row columns-align-equal-height"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 bottom-space-md left-right-space-none"> <div style="background-color: transparent;" class="par-column-control"> <div class="rte text parbase"> <h4><b>Open Access Solutions </b></h4> </div> <div class="column-control"><!-- /* Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a columns configured and display . by default it is 2 columns to display. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 66:33 2 columns - 50:50 2 columns - 66:33 2 columns - 33:66 2 columns - 70:30 2 columns - 30:70 3 columns - 40:40:20 3 columns - 40:20:40 3 columns - 20:40:40 3 columns - 33:33:33 3 columns - 25:25:50 3 columns - 25:50:25 3 columns - 50:25:25 4 columns - 25:25:25:25 1 column - full (100%) 1 column - half (50% on the left) 1 column - one third (33% on the left) 1 column - two thirds (66% on the left) 1 column - one forth (25% on the left) 1 column - one sixth (16% on the left) 1 column - three fourths (75% on the left) 1 column - one fifths (20% on the left) 1 column - two fifths (40% on the left) 1 column - three fifths (60% on the left) 1 column - four fifths (80% on the left) 1 column - five sixths (84% on the left) */ --> <!-- /* Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= */ --> <!-- /* #sightly-global-objects-declaration end */ --> <!-- Section Container Column Control Content ============================================= --> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12"> <div class="par-column-control"> <div class="rte text parbase"> <img src="/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/landing-page-carousel/open-access-solutions-600-400.jpg" class="img-responsive img-thumb" alt="A group of padlocks sit over binary code. One of the padlocks is unlocked."/>Many authors want to make their research freely available to reader communities. To help authors gain maximum exposure for their groundbreaking research and application-oriented articles, IEEE offers three options for open access publishing. </div> <div class="link-list-container-with-sort"> <!-- =========================== Links List Container with sort Content ============================================= --> <ul class="link-list"> <li> <a href="https://open.ieee.org/?utm_source=linkslist_text&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=open" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </span> Visit IEEE Open </a> </li> </ul> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <!-- #Section Container Column Control end --></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- #full-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> <!-- Fixed width Section Container Column Control Content --> <!-- #fixed-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> </div> <div class="section-column-control"><!-- /* Section Container Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a section with container as optional with different elements to configure. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 50:50 2. Options to set or remove container background image/color. 3. Options to set or remove container width. 4. Options to set centralize content. 5. Options to set Tablet and Desktop columns display. 6. options to set columns content alignment. 7. options to set top/bottom boarder. 8. options to set or remove column background color. */ --> <!-- Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= --> <!-- #sightly-global-objects-declaration end --> <!-- Full width Section Container Column Control Content --> <div class=" top-space-sm container-fluid" style="background-color: transparent; margin: ; border-left:; border-right:; border-top:; border-bottom:; min-height:; padding:"> <div class="row columns-align-equal-height"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 bottom-space-md left-right-space-none"> <div style="background-color: transparent;" class="par-column-control"> <div class="rte text parbase"> <a href="https://ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/?utm_source=linkslist_image&amp;utm_medium=lp-pubs&amp;utm_campaign=author-center"><img src="/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/landing-page-carousel/author-center-logo.png" style="max-width: 80.0%;margin-bottom: 15.0px;" alt="The Author Center logo."/></a> </div> <div class="rte text parbase"> <p><img src="/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/landing-page-carousel/ieee-author-center-600-400.jpg" alt="Man sits smiling at laptop, with a mug next to it." class="img-responsive img-thumb"/>IEEE provides easy-to-find tools and resources that support your scholarly publishing efforts in the IEEE Author Center.</p> <p><a class="arrow-link" href="https://ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/?utm_source=linkslist_text&amp;utm_medium=lp-pubs&amp;utm_campaign=author-center">Visit the IEEE Author Center</a></p> </div> <div class="column-control"><!-- /* Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a columns configured and display . by default it is 2 columns to display. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 66:33 2 columns - 50:50 2 columns - 66:33 2 columns - 33:66 2 columns - 70:30 2 columns - 30:70 3 columns - 40:40:20 3 columns - 40:20:40 3 columns - 20:40:40 3 columns - 33:33:33 3 columns - 25:25:50 3 columns - 25:50:25 3 columns - 50:25:25 4 columns - 25:25:25:25 1 column - full (100%) 1 column - half (50% on the left) 1 column - one third (33% on the left) 1 column - two thirds (66% on the left) 1 column - one forth (25% on the left) 1 column - one sixth (16% on the left) 1 column - three fourths (75% on the left) 1 column - one fifths (20% on the left) 1 column - two fifths (40% on the left) 1 column - three fifths (60% on the left) 1 column - four fifths (80% on the left) 1 column - five sixths (84% on the left) */ --> <!-- /* Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= */ --> <!-- /* #sightly-global-objects-declaration end */ --> <!-- Section Container Column Control Content ============================================= --> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12"> <div class="par-column-control"> <div class="html-prototype"> <!-- HTML ProtoType component content --> <br><button class="toggleBtn blueToggle author-resources-toggle"> <h4 class="title"><b>Find author resources &gt;</b></h4> </button> <div class="author-resources gen-container"> <ul> <li> <a href="http://ieee-collabratec.ieee.org/?utm_source=linkslist_text&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=ieee-ct" target="_self">&gt; IEEE Collabratec<sup>&reg;</sup></a> </li> <li> <a href="http://publication-recommender.ieee.org/?utm_source=linkslist_text&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=choosing-a-journal" target="_self">&gt; Choosing a journal</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://newauthors.ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/writing/?utm_source=linkslist_text&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=writing" target="_self">&gt; Writing </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/create-your-ieee-article/use-authoring-tools-and-ieee-article-templates/?utm_source=linkslist_text&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=author-tools" target="_self">&gt; Author Tools</a> </li> <li> <a href="/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/pubs/how_to_publish_with_ieee_presentation.pptx?utm_source=linkslist_text&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=how-to-english" target="_self">&gt; How to Publish with IEEE (English) (PPT, 3 MB)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/pubs/how_to_publish_with_ieee_presentation_chinese.pptx?utm_source=linkslist_text&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=how-to-chinese" target="_self">&gt; How to Publish with IEEE (Chinese) (PPT, 3 MB)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/pubs/authorship_slide_deck.pptx?utm_source=linkslist_text&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=benefits-of-publishing" target="_self">&gt; Benefits of Publishing with IEEE (PPT, 7 MB)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/publish-with-ieee/author-education-resources/video-tutorials-for-authors/?utm_source=linkslist_text&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=author-tutorials" target="_self">&gt; View author tutorial videos</a> </li> </ul> </div> <br><br> <!-- html-prototype-component-content --> </div> <div class="html-prototype"> <!-- HTML ProtoType component content --> <style type="text/css"> .author-resources{ display:none; } </style> <script> $( ".author-resources-toggle" ).click(function() { $( ".author-resources" ).toggle( "slow" ); }); </script> <!-- html-prototype-component-content --> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <!-- #Section Container Column Control end --></div> <div class="column-control"><!-- /* Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a columns configured and display . by default it is 2 columns to display. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 66:33 2 columns - 50:50 2 columns - 66:33 2 columns - 33:66 2 columns - 70:30 2 columns - 30:70 3 columns - 40:40:20 3 columns - 40:20:40 3 columns - 20:40:40 3 columns - 33:33:33 3 columns - 25:25:50 3 columns - 25:50:25 3 columns - 50:25:25 4 columns - 25:25:25:25 1 column - full (100%) 1 column - half (50% on the left) 1 column - one third (33% on the left) 1 column - two thirds (66% on the left) 1 column - one forth (25% on the left) 1 column - one sixth (16% on the left) 1 column - three fourths (75% on the left) 1 column - one fifths (20% on the left) 1 column - two fifths (40% on the left) 1 column - three fifths (60% on the left) 1 column - four fifths (80% on the left) 1 column - five sixths (84% on the left) */ --> <!-- /* Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= */ --> <!-- /* #sightly-global-objects-declaration end */ --> <!-- Section Container Column Control Content ============================================= --> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12"> <div class="par-column-control"> <div class="link-list-container-with-sort"> <!-- =========================== Links List Container with sort Content ============================================= --> <ul class="link-list"> <li> <a href="/publications/rights/bibliometrics-statement.html?utm_source=linkslist_text&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=bibliometric-statement" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </span> Read the IEEE statement on appropriate use of bibliometric indicators </a> </li> </ul> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <!-- #Section Container Column Control end --></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- #full-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> <!-- Fixed width Section Container Column Control Content --> <!-- #fixed-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- #full-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> <!-- Fixed width Section Container Column Control Content --> <!-- #fixed-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- #full-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> <!-- Fixed width Section Container Column Control Content --> <!-- #fixed-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- #full-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> <!-- Fixed width Section Container Column Control Content --> <!-- #fixed-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- #full-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> <!-- Fixed width Section Container Column Control Content --> <!-- #fixed-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- #full-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> <!-- Fixed width Section Container Column Control Content --> <!-- #fixed-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> </div> <div class="html-prototype"> <!-- HTML ProtoType component content --> <style type="text/css"> .society-technical-council{ display:none; } </style> <style> .gen-container{ padding: 15px; background: #00629B; color: #fff; } .gen-container a{ color: #fff; } .gen-container ul{ margin: 0 !important; list-style-type: none !important; font-size: 14px !important; padding: 0px 10px 0px 10px; } .blueToggle{ background: #00629B !important; border: 0px; padding: 10px 15px 0px 15px !important; outline: none; text-align: left; } .blueToggle .title{ background: #00629B; color: #fff; margin-top: 0px !important; } </style> <!-- html-prototype-component-content --> </div> <div class="column-control"><!-- /* Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a columns configured and display . by default it is 2 columns to display. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 66:33 2 columns - 50:50 2 columns - 66:33 2 columns - 33:66 2 columns - 70:30 2 columns - 30:70 3 columns - 40:40:20 3 columns - 40:20:40 3 columns - 20:40:40 3 columns - 33:33:33 3 columns - 25:25:50 3 columns - 25:50:25 3 columns - 50:25:25 4 columns - 25:25:25:25 1 column - full (100%) 1 column - half (50% on the left) 1 column - one third (33% on the left) 1 column - two thirds (66% on the left) 1 column - one forth (25% on the left) 1 column - one sixth (16% on the left) 1 column - three fourths (75% on the left) 1 column - one fifths (20% on the left) 1 column - two fifths (40% on the left) 1 column - three fifths (60% on the left) 1 column - four fifths (80% on the left) 1 column - five sixths (84% on the left) */ --> <!-- /* Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= */ --> <!-- /* #sightly-global-objects-declaration end */ --> <!-- Section Container Column Control Content ============================================= --> <div id="governance-policy-jobs-identity-section" class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12"> <div class="par-column-control"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <!-- #Section Container Column Control end --></div> <div class="column-control"><!-- /* Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a columns configured and display . by default it is 2 columns to display. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 66:33 2 columns - 50:50 2 columns - 66:33 2 columns - 33:66 2 columns - 70:30 2 columns - 30:70 3 columns - 40:40:20 3 columns - 40:20:40 3 columns - 20:40:40 3 columns - 33:33:33 3 columns - 25:25:50 3 columns - 25:50:25 3 columns - 50:25:25 4 columns - 25:25:25:25 1 column - full (100%) 1 column - half (50% on the left) 1 column - one third (33% on the left) 1 column - two thirds (66% on the left) 1 column - one forth (25% on the left) 1 column - one sixth (16% on the left) 1 column - three fourths (75% on the left) 1 column - one fifths (20% on the left) 1 column - two fifths (40% on the left) 1 column - three fifths (60% on the left) 1 column - four fifths (80% on the left) 1 column - five sixths (84% on the left) */ --> <!-- /* Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= */ --> <!-- /* #sightly-global-objects-declaration end */ --> <!-- Section Container Column Control Content ============================================= --> <div id="governance-policy-jobs-identity-section" class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12"> <div class="par-column-control"> <div class="section-column-control"><!-- /* Section Container Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a section with container as optional with different elements to configure. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 50:50 2. Options to set or remove container background image/color. 3. Options to set or remove container width. 4. Options to set centralize content. 5. Options to set Tablet and Desktop columns display. 6. options to set columns content alignment. 7. options to set top/bottom boarder. 8. options to set or remove column background color. */ --> <!-- Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= --> <!-- #sightly-global-objects-declaration end --> <!-- Full width Section Container Column Control Content --> <div class=" gradient-bottom-border top-space-sm left-right-space-md container-fluid" style="background-color: #FFFFFF; margin: ; border-left:; border-right:; border-top:; border-bottom:; min-height:; padding:"> <div class="row columns-align-equal-height"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 bottom-space-lg "> <div style="background-color: transparent;" class="par-column-control"> <div class="section-column-control"><!-- /* Section Container Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a section with container as optional with different elements to configure. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 50:50 2. Options to set or remove container background image/color. 3. Options to set or remove container width. 4. Options to set centralize content. 5. Options to set Tablet and Desktop columns display. 6. options to set columns content alignment. 7. options to set top/bottom boarder. 8. options to set or remove column background color. */ --> <!-- Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= --> <!-- #sightly-global-objects-declaration end --> <!-- Full width Section Container Column Control Content --> <div class=" top-space-md left-right-space-sm container-fluid" style="background-color: #FFFFFF; margin: ; border-left:; border-right:; border-top:; border-bottom:; min-height:; padding:"> <div class="row columns-align-equal-height"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-4 col-sm-12 bottom-space-md "> <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;" class="par-column-control"> <div class="rte text parbase"> <p><img src="/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/landing-page-carousel/icons/publications/publication-types.png" alt="" style="max-width: 31.0%;"/></p> <h4><b>Publication types and subscription options</b></h4> </div> <div class="link-list-container-with-sort"> <!-- =========================== Links List Container with sort Content ============================================= --> <ul class="link-list"> <li> <a href="https://www.ieee.org/membership-catalog/index.html?N=0" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </span> Journal and magazine subscriptions </a> </li> <li> <a href="/publications/subscriptions/index.html?utm_source=linkslist_text&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=digital-library-subs" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </span> Digital library subscriptions </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/guesthome.jsp?utm_source=linkslist_text&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=buy-articles" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </span> Buy individual articles </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://standards.ieee.org/?utm_source=linkslist_text&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=standards" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </span> Standards </a> </li> <li> <a href="/publications/books/index.html?utm_source=linkslist_text&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=books" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </span> Books </a> </li> </ul> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> <div class="rte text parbase"> <h4><b style="color: inherit;font-family: inherit;">For organizations:</b><br /> </h4> </div> <div class="link-list-container-with-sort"> <!-- =========================== Links List Container with sort Content ============================================= --> <ul class="link-list"> <li> <a href="/publications/subscriptions/info/sub-price-list.html?utm_source=linkslist_text&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=sub-price-list" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </span> Browse IEEE subscriptions </a> </li> <li> <a href="/publications/subscriptions/index.html?utm_source=linkslist_text&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=institutional-access" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </span> Get institutional access </a> </li> <li> <a href="/publications/subscriptions/info/contact-us.html?utm_source=linkslist_text&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=account-manager" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </span> Subscribe through your local IEEE account manager </a> </li> </ul> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-4 col-sm-12 bottom-space-md "> <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;" class="par-column-control"> <div class="rte text parbase"> <p><img src="/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/landing-page-carousel/icons/publications/publishing-information.png" alt="" style="max-width: 31.0%;"/></p> <h4><b>Publishing information</b></h4> <p>IEEE publishing makes the exchange of technical knowledge possible with the highest quality and the greatest impact.</p> </div> <div class="link-list-container-with-sort"> <!-- =========================== Links List Container with sort Content ============================================= --> <ul class="link-list"> <li> <a href="/publications/authors/open-access.html?utm_source=linkslist_text&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=open-access" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </span> Open access publishing options </a> </li> <li> <a href="/publications/rights/index.html?utm_source=linkslist_text&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=ipr" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </span> Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/when-your-article-is-published/purchase-print-copies-of-your-article/?utm_source=linkslist_text&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=reprints" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </span> Reprints of articles </a> </li> <li> <a href="/publications/services/index.html?utm_source=linkslist_text&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=services" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </span> Services for IEEE organizations </a> </li> </ul> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-4 col-sm-12 bottom-space-md "> <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;" class="par-column-control"> <div class="rte text parbase"> <p><img src="/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/landing-page-carousel/icons/publications/contact-information.png" alt="" style="max-width: 31.0%;"/></p> <h4><b>Contact information </b></h4> </div> <div class="link-list-container-with-sort"> <!-- =========================== Links List Container with sort Content ============================================= --> <ul class="link-list"> <li> <a href="/publications/publications-contact.html?utm_source=linkslist_text&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=contact" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </span> Contact IEEE Publications </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://pspb.ieee.org?utm_source=linkslist_text&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=about-pspb" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </span> About the Publication Services &amp; Products Board </a> </li> </ul> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- #full-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> <!-- Fixed width Section Container Column Control Content --> <!-- #fixed-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- #full-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> <!-- Fixed width Section Container Column Control Content --> <!-- #fixed-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <!-- #Section Container Column Control end --></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <!-- #Section Container Column Control end --></div> <div class="section-column-control"><!-- /* Section Container Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a section with container as optional with different elements to configure. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 50:50 2. Options to set or remove container background image/color. 3. Options to set or remove container width. 4. Options to set centralize content. 5. Options to set Tablet and Desktop columns display. 6. options to set columns content alignment. 7. options to set top/bottom boarder. 8. options to set or remove column background color. */ --> <!-- Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= --> <!-- #sightly-global-objects-declaration end --> <!-- Full width Section Container Column Control Content --> <div class=" top-space-lg container-fluid" style="background-color: #FFFFFF; margin: ; border-left:; border-right:; border-top:; border-bottom:; min-height:; padding:"> <div class="row columns-align-equal-height"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 bottom-space-lg left-right-space-none"> <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;" class="par-column-control"> <div class="section-column-control"><!-- /* Section Container Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a section with container as optional with different elements to configure. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 50:50 2. Options to set or remove container background image/color. 3. Options to set or remove container width. 4. Options to set centralize content. 5. Options to set Tablet and Desktop columns display. 6. options to set columns content alignment. 7. options to set top/bottom boarder. 8. options to set or remove column background color. */ --> <!-- Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= --> <!-- #sightly-global-objects-declaration end --> <!-- Full width Section Container Column Control Content --> <div class=" top-space-none left-right-space-sm container-fluid" style="background-color: #FFFFFF; margin: ; border-left:; border-right:; border-top:; border-bottom:; min-height:; padding:"> <div class="row columns-align-equal-height"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 bottom-space-none "> <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;" class="par-column-control"> <div class="rte text parbase"> <h3><b>Related Information &gt;</b></h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- #full-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> <!-- Fixed width Section Container Column Control Content --> <!-- #fixed-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> </div> <div class="html-prototype"> <!-- HTML ProtoType component content --> <style type="text/css"> #widget .section-column-control .gradient-bottom-border::before{ background: #ccc; height: 7px; border-radius: 10px; } </style> <!-- html-prototype-component-content --> </div> <div class="section-column-control"><!-- /* Section Container Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a section with container as optional with different elements to configure. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 50:50 2. Options to set or remove container background image/color. 3. Options to set or remove container width. 4. Options to set centralize content. 5. Options to set Tablet and Desktop columns display. 6. options to set columns content alignment. 7. options to set top/bottom boarder. 8. options to set or remove column background color. */ --> <!-- Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= --> <!-- #sightly-global-objects-declaration end --> <!-- Full width Section Container Column Control Content --> <div class=" top-space-none left-right-space-sm container-fluid" style="background-color: #FFFFFF; margin: ; border-left:; border-right:; border-top:; border-bottom:; min-height:; padding:"> <div class="row columns-align-equal-height"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3 col-sm-12 bottom-space-none "> <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;" class="par-column-control"> <div class="column-control"><!-- /* Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a columns configured and display . by default it is 2 columns to display. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 66:33 2 columns - 50:50 2 columns - 66:33 2 columns - 33:66 2 columns - 70:30 2 columns - 30:70 3 columns - 40:40:20 3 columns - 40:20:40 3 columns - 20:40:40 3 columns - 33:33:33 3 columns - 25:25:50 3 columns - 25:50:25 3 columns - 50:25:25 4 columns - 25:25:25:25 1 column - full (100%) 1 column - half (50% on the left) 1 column - one third (33% on the left) 1 column - two thirds (66% on the left) 1 column - one forth (25% on the left) 1 column - one sixth (16% on the left) 1 column - three fourths (75% on the left) 1 column - one fifths (20% on the left) 1 column - two fifths (40% on the left) 1 column - three fifths (60% on the left) 1 column - four fifths (80% on the left) 1 column - five sixths (84% on the left) */ --> <!-- /* Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= */ --> <!-- /* #sightly-global-objects-declaration end */ --> <!-- Section Container Column Control Content ============================================= --> <div id="widget" class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12"> <div class="par-column-control"> <div class="section-column-control"><!-- /* Section Container Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a section with container as optional with different elements to configure. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 50:50 2. Options to set or remove container background image/color. 3. Options to set or remove container width. 4. Options to set centralize content. 5. Options to set Tablet and Desktop columns display. 6. options to set columns content alignment. 7. options to set top/bottom boarder. 8. options to set or remove column background color. */ --> <!-- Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= --> <!-- #sightly-global-objects-declaration end --> <!-- Full width Section Container Column Control Content --> <div class=" gradient-bottom-border top-space-md container-fluid" style="background-color: #FFFFFF; margin: ; border-left:; border-right:; border-top:; border-bottom:; min-height:; padding:"> <div class="row columns-align-equal-height"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 bottom-space-md left-right-space-none"> <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;" class="par-column-control"> <div class="rte text parbase"> <p><a href="https://ieee-collabratec.ieee.org/?utm_source=linkslist_image&amp;utm_medium=lp-pubs&amp;utm_campaign=ct"><img src="/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/landing-page-carousel/collabratec-border.gif" style="max-width: 70.0%;border: 3.0px solid rgb(101,142,61);" alt="IEEE Collabratec logo. Discover. Connect. Collaborate."/></a></p> <h5><b>Network. Collaborate. Create with IEEE Collabratec®.</b></h5> <p>All within one central hub—with exclusive features for IEEE members. </p> </div> <div class="link-list-container-with-sort"> <!-- =========================== Links List Container with sort Content ============================================= --> <ul class="link-list"> <li> <a href="https://ieee-collabratec.ieee.org/?utm_source=linkslist_text&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=ct" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </span> Experience IEEE Collabratec </a> </li> </ul> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- #full-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> <!-- Fixed width Section Container Column Control Content --> <!-- #fixed-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <!-- #Section Container Column Control end --></div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3 col-sm-12 bottom-space-none "> <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;" class="par-column-control"> <div class="column-control"><!-- /* Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a columns configured and display . by default it is 2 columns to display. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 66:33 2 columns - 50:50 2 columns - 66:33 2 columns - 33:66 2 columns - 70:30 2 columns - 30:70 3 columns - 40:40:20 3 columns - 40:20:40 3 columns - 20:40:40 3 columns - 33:33:33 3 columns - 25:25:50 3 columns - 25:50:25 3 columns - 50:25:25 4 columns - 25:25:25:25 1 column - full (100%) 1 column - half (50% on the left) 1 column - one third (33% on the left) 1 column - two thirds (66% on the left) 1 column - one forth (25% on the left) 1 column - one sixth (16% on the left) 1 column - three fourths (75% on the left) 1 column - one fifths (20% on the left) 1 column - two fifths (40% on the left) 1 column - three fifths (60% on the left) 1 column - four fifths (80% on the left) 1 column - five sixths (84% on the left) */ --> <!-- /* Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= */ --> <!-- /* #sightly-global-objects-declaration end */ --> <!-- Section Container Column Control Content ============================================= --> <div id="widget" class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12"> <div class="par-column-control"> <div class="section-column-control"><!-- /* Section Container Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a section with container as optional with different elements to configure. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 50:50 2. Options to set or remove container background image/color. 3. Options to set or remove container width. 4. Options to set centralize content. 5. Options to set Tablet and Desktop columns display. 6. options to set columns content alignment. 7. options to set top/bottom boarder. 8. options to set or remove column background color. */ --> <!-- Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= --> <!-- #sightly-global-objects-declaration end --> <!-- Full width Section Container Column Control Content --> <div class=" gradient-bottom-border top-space-md container-fluid" style="background-color: #FFFFFF; margin: ; border-left:; border-right:; border-top:; border-bottom:; min-height:; padding:"> <div class="row columns-align-equal-height"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 bottom-space-md left-right-space-none"> <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;" class="par-column-control"> <div class="rte text parbase"> <p><a href="/membership/join/index.html?utm_source=linkslist_image&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=join"><img src="/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/homecarousel/membership-key.jpg" style="max-width: 70.0%;" alt="A finger presses a computer keyboard key with the word 'Membership' written on it. A door key sits above the keyboard."/></a></p> <h5><b>Join/Renew IEEE or a Society</b></h5> <p>Receive member access to select content, product discounts, and more.</p> </div> <div class="link-list-container-with-sort"> <!-- =========================== Links List Container with sort Content ============================================= --> <ul class="link-list"> <li> <a href="/membership/benefits/index.html?utm_source=linkslist_text&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=member-benefits" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </span> Review all member benefits </a> </li> <li> <a href="/membership/join/index.html?utm_source=linkslist_text&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=join" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </span> Join </a> </li> <li> <a href="/membership/renew.html?utm_source=linkslist_text&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=renew" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </span> Renew </a> </li> </ul> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- #full-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> <!-- Fixed width Section Container Column Control Content --> <!-- #fixed-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <!-- #Section Container Column Control end --></div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3 col-sm-12 bottom-space-none "> <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;" class="par-column-control"> <div class="column-control"><!-- /* Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a columns configured and display . by default it is 2 columns to display. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 66:33 2 columns - 50:50 2 columns - 66:33 2 columns - 33:66 2 columns - 70:30 2 columns - 30:70 3 columns - 40:40:20 3 columns - 40:20:40 3 columns - 20:40:40 3 columns - 33:33:33 3 columns - 25:25:50 3 columns - 25:50:25 3 columns - 50:25:25 4 columns - 25:25:25:25 1 column - full (100%) 1 column - half (50% on the left) 1 column - one third (33% on the left) 1 column - two thirds (66% on the left) 1 column - one forth (25% on the left) 1 column - one sixth (16% on the left) 1 column - three fourths (75% on the left) 1 column - one fifths (20% on the left) 1 column - two fifths (40% on the left) 1 column - three fifths (60% on the left) 1 column - four fifths (80% on the left) 1 column - five sixths (84% on the left) */ --> <!-- /* Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= */ --> <!-- /* #sightly-global-objects-declaration end */ --> <!-- Section Container Column Control Content ============================================= --> <div id="widget" class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12"> <div class="par-column-control"> <div class="section-column-control"><!-- /* Section Container Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a section with container as optional with different elements to configure. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 50:50 2. Options to set or remove container background image/color. 3. Options to set or remove container width. 4. Options to set centralize content. 5. Options to set Tablet and Desktop columns display. 6. options to set columns content alignment. 7. options to set top/bottom boarder. 8. options to set or remove column background color. */ --> <!-- Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= --> <!-- #sightly-global-objects-declaration end --> <!-- Full width Section Container Column Control Content --> <div class=" gradient-bottom-border top-space-md container-fluid" style="background-color: #FFFFFF; margin: ; border-left:; border-right:; border-top:; border-bottom:; min-height:; padding:"> <div class="row columns-align-equal-height"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 bottom-space-md left-right-space-none"> <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;" class="par-column-control"> <div class="rte text parbase"> <p><a href="https://ieee-dataport.org/?utm_source=linkslist_image&amp;utm_medium=lp-pubs&amp;utm_campaign=dataport"><img src="/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/dataport-image.jpg" style="max-width: 70.0%;" alt="A rainbow abstract of lines coming out from a darker central point."/></a></p> <h5><b>IEEE DataPort</b></h5> <p>Try this easy-to-use, globally accessible data repository that provides significant benefits to researchers, data analysts, and the global technical community.</p> </div> <div class="link-list-container-with-sort"> <!-- =========================== Links List Container with sort Content ============================================= --> <ul class="link-list"> <li> <a href="https://ieee-dataport.org/?utm_source=linkslist_text&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=dataport" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </span> Start learning today </a> </li> </ul> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- #full-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> <!-- Fixed width Section Container Column Control Content --> <!-- #fixed-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <!-- #Section Container Column Control end --></div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3 col-sm-12 bottom-space-none "> <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;" class="par-column-control"> <div class="column-control"><!-- /* Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a columns configured and display . by default it is 2 columns to display. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 66:33 2 columns - 50:50 2 columns - 66:33 2 columns - 33:66 2 columns - 70:30 2 columns - 30:70 3 columns - 40:40:20 3 columns - 40:20:40 3 columns - 20:40:40 3 columns - 33:33:33 3 columns - 25:25:50 3 columns - 25:50:25 3 columns - 50:25:25 4 columns - 25:25:25:25 1 column - full (100%) 1 column - half (50% on the left) 1 column - one third (33% on the left) 1 column - two thirds (66% on the left) 1 column - one forth (25% on the left) 1 column - one sixth (16% on the left) 1 column - three fourths (75% on the left) 1 column - one fifths (20% on the left) 1 column - two fifths (40% on the left) 1 column - three fifths (60% on the left) 1 column - four fifths (80% on the left) 1 column - five sixths (84% on the left) */ --> <!-- /* Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= */ --> <!-- /* #sightly-global-objects-declaration end */ --> <!-- Section Container Column Control Content ============================================= --> <div id="widget" class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12"> <div class="par-column-control"> <div class="section-column-control"><!-- /* Section Container Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a section with container as optional with different elements to configure. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 50:50 2. Options to set or remove container background image/color. 3. Options to set or remove container width. 4. Options to set centralize content. 5. Options to set Tablet and Desktop columns display. 6. options to set columns content alignment. 7. options to set top/bottom boarder. 8. options to set or remove column background color. */ --> <!-- Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= --> <!-- #sightly-global-objects-declaration end --> <!-- Full width Section Container Column Control Content --> <div class=" gradient-bottom-border top-space-md container-fluid" style="background-color: #FFFFFF; margin: ; border-left:; border-right:; border-top:; border-bottom:; min-height:; padding:"> <div class="row columns-align-equal-height"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 bottom-space-md left-right-space-none"> <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;" class="par-column-control"> <div class="rte text parbase"> <p><a href="https://climate-change.ieee.org/?utm_source=linkslist_image&amp;utm_medium=lp-pubs&amp;utm_campaign=ieee-climage-change"><img src="/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/homecarousel/climate-change-600x400.jpg" style="max-width: 70.0%;" alt="Solar panels and wind turbines with the sun setting behind a city skyline."/></a></p> <h5><b>IEEE Climate Change</b></h5> <p>IEEE is committed to helping combat and mitigate the effects of climate change.  </p> </div> <div class="link-list-container-with-sort"> <!-- =========================== Links List Container with sort Content ============================================= --> <ul class="link-list"> <li> <a href="https://climate-change.ieee.org/?utm_source=linkslist_text&utm_medium=lp-pubs&utm_campaign=ieee-climate-change" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </span> See what&#39;s new on the IEEE Climate Change site </a> </li> </ul> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- #full-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> <!-- Fixed width Section Container Column Control Content --> <!-- #fixed-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <!-- #Section Container Column Control end --></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- #full-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> <!-- Fixed width Section Container Column Control Content --> <!-- #fixed-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> </div> <div class="section-column-control"><!-- /* Section Container Column Control Component ------------------------------------------------------- This draws a section with container as optional with different elements to configure. Elements: 1. Options to select columns and ratio e.g. 2 col 50:50 2. Options to set or remove container background image/color. 3. Options to set or remove container width. 4. Options to set centralize content. 5. Options to set Tablet and Desktop columns display. 6. options to set columns content alignment. 7. options to set top/bottom boarder. 8. options to set or remove column background color. */ --> <!-- Sightly global objects declaration ============================================= --> <!-- #sightly-global-objects-declaration end --> <!-- Full width Section Container Column Control Content --> <div class=" top-space-none left-right-space-sm container-fluid" style="background-color: #FFFFFF; margin: ; border-left:; border-right:; border-top:; border-bottom:; min-height:; padding:"> <div class="row columns-align-equal-height"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-4 col-sm-12 bottom-space-none "> <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;" class="par-column-control"> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-4 col-sm-12 bottom-space-none "> <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;" class="par-column-control"> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-4 col-sm-12 bottom-space-none "> <div style="background-color: #FFFFFF;" class="par-column-control"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- #full-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> <!-- Fixed width Section Container Column Control Content --> <!-- #fixed-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- #full-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> <!-- Fixed width Section Container Column Control Content --> <!-- #fixed-width-section-container-column-control-content end --> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- #page-container ends --> <!-- Footer ============================================= --> <footer id="page-footer"> <div class="newpar new section"> </div> <div class="par iparys_inherited"> <div class="footer-container"> <!-- Footer Content ============================================= --> <div class="footer top-footer-wrapper"> <div class="top-footer-container container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-12 col-lg-3"> <!-- Footer Column Section Content ============================================= --> <div class="foot-top-title font-e"><a>About IEEE </a></div> <div class="accordion"> <div class="inside-space font-f"> <div class="rte-text"> IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity.<br /> </div> <!-- Link List Container Content ============================================= --> <ul class="link-list"> <!-- Link Content ============================================= --> <li> <a href="/about/index.html?utm_source=dhtml_footer&utm_medium=hp&utm_campaign=learn-more" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"><i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>Learn more about IEEE </a> </li> <!-- #link-content end --> <!-- Link Content ============================================= --> <li> <a href="/about/vision-mission.html?utm_source=dhtml_footer&utm_medium=hp&utm_campaign=mission-vision" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"><i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>IEEE Mission &amp; Vision </a> </li> <!-- #link-content end --> </ul> <!-- #link-list-container-content end --> </div> </div> <!-- #footer-column-section-content end --> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-12 col-lg-2"> <!-- Footer Column Section Content ============================================= --> <div class="foot-top-title font-e"><a>Locations </a></div> <div class="accordion"> <div class="inside-space font-f"> <div class="rte-text"> IEEE has a global presence with seven offices internationally. </div> <!-- Link List Container Content ============================================= --> <ul class="link-list"> <!-- Link Content ============================================= --> <li> <a href="/about/contact.html?utm_source=dhtml_footer&utm_medium=hp&utm_campaign=office-locations" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"><i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>IEEE office locations </a> </li> <!-- #link-content end --> </ul> <!-- #link-list-container-content end --> </div> </div> <!-- #footer-column-section-content end --> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-12 col-lg-2"> <!-- Footer Column Section Content ============================================= --> <div class="foot-top-title font-e"><a>Membership </a></div> <div class="accordion"> <div class="inside-space font-f"> <!-- Link List Container Content ============================================= --> <ul class="link-list"> <!-- Link Content ============================================= --> <li> <a href="/membership/join/index.html?utm_source=dhtml_footer&utm_medium=hp&utm_campaign=join" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"><i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>Join </a> </li> <!-- #link-content end --> <!-- Link Content ============================================= --> <li> <a href="/membership/renew.html?utm_source=dhtml_footer&utm_medium=hp&utm_campaign=renew" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"><i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>Renew </a> </li> <!-- #link-content end --> <!-- Link Content ============================================= --> <li> <a href="/membership/benefits/index.html" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"><i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>Benefits </a> </li> <!-- #link-content end --> <!-- Link Content ============================================= --> <li> <a href="https://ieee-collabratec.ieee.org/?utm_source=dhtml_footer&utm_medium=hp&utm_campaign=collabratec-membership-list" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"><i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>IEEE Collabratec </a> </li> <!-- #link-content end --> <!-- Link Content ============================================= --> <li> <a href="mailto:security@ieee.org" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"><i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>Report cybersecurity concerns to security@ieee.org </a> </li> <!-- #link-content end --> </ul> <!-- #link-list-container-content end --> </div> </div> <!-- #footer-column-section-content end --> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-12 col-lg-2"> <!-- Footer Column Section Content ============================================= --> <div class="foot-top-title font-e"><a>Get involved </a></div> <div class="accordion"> <div class="inside-space font-f"> <!-- Link List Container Content ============================================= --> <ul class="link-list"> <!-- Link Content ============================================= --> <li> <a href="/conferences/index.html?utm_source=dhtml_footer&utm_medium=hp&utm_campaign=conferences" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"><i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>Conferences </a> </li> <!-- #link-content end --> <!-- Link Content ============================================= --> <li> <a href="/communities/geographic-activities.html?utm_source=dhtml_footer&utm_medium=hp&utm_campaign=local-activities" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"><i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>Local activities </a> </li> <!-- #link-content end --> <!-- Link Content ============================================= --> <li> <a href="/publications/authors/publishing-benefits/index.html?utm_source=dhtml_footer&utm_medium=hp&utm_campaign=publishing" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"><i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>Publishing </a> </li> <!-- #link-content end --> <!-- Link Content ============================================= --> <li> <a href="/communities/societies/index.html?utm_source=dhtml_footer&utm_medium=hp&utm_campaign=societies" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"><i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>Societies </a> </li> <!-- #link-content end --> <!-- Link Content ============================================= --> <li> <a href="/communities/societies/about-technical-councils.html?utm_source=dhtml_footer&utm_medium=hp&utm_campaign=councils" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"><i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>Councils </a> </li> <!-- #link-content end --> <!-- Link Content ============================================= --> <li> <a href="http://standards.ieee.org/?utm_source=dhtml_footer&utm_medium=hp&utm_campaign=standards&_ga=2.138828091.983862010.1583757310-1875752245.1558373461" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"><i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>Standards </a> </li> <!-- #link-content end --> <!-- Link Content ============================================= --> <li> <a href="http://careers.ieee.org/?utm_source=dhtml_footer&utm_medium=hp&utm_campaign=technical-careers" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"><i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>Technical careers </a> </li> <!-- #link-content end --> <!-- Link Content ============================================= --> <li> <a href="/about/volunteers/index.html?utm_source=dhtml_footer&utm_medium=hp&utm_campaign=volunteer" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"><i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>Volunteer </a> </li> <!-- #link-content end --> </ul> <!-- #link-list-container-content end --> </div> </div> <!-- #footer-column-section-content end --> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-13 col-lg-3 border-bottom"> <!-- Footer Column Section Content ============================================= --> <div class="foot-top-title font-e"><a>Connect with IEEE </a></div> <div class="accordion"> <div class="inside-space font-f"> <a class="btn-transparent" href="/about/contact.html?utm_source=dhtml_footer&utm_medium=hp&utm_campaign=contact-support-button" target="_self">Contact &amp; Support</a> <!-- #cta-button-content end --> <!-- Link List Container Content ============================================= --> <ul class="link-list"> <!-- Link Content ============================================= --> <li> <a href="http://ieee-collabratec.ieee.org/?utm_source=dhtml_footer&utm_medium=hp&utm_campaign=collabratec" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"><i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>IEEE Collabratec </a> </li> <!-- #link-content end --> <!-- Link Content ============================================= --> <li> <a href="https://ieee.taleo.net/careersection/2/jobsearch.ftl?utm_source=mf&utm_campaign=taleo-jobs&utm_medium=footer&utm_term=taleo-jobs%20at%20ieee" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"><i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>Careers at IEEE </a> </li> <!-- #link-content end --> <!-- Link Content ============================================= --> <li> <a href="/about/news/index.html?utm_source=dhtml_footer&utm_medium=hp&utm_campaign=newsroom" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"><i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>IEEE Newsroom </a> </li> <!-- #link-content end --> <!-- Link Content ============================================= --> <li> <a href="/about/news/media-kit-index.html?utm_source=dhtml_footer&utm_medium=hp&utm_campaign=media-kit" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"><i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>IEEE Media Kit </a> </li> <!-- #link-content end --> <!-- Link Content ============================================= --> <li> <a href="https://iln.ieee.org/?utm_source=dhtml_footer&utm_medium=hp&utm_campaign=iln&_ga=2.163606711.983862010.1583757310-1875752245.1558373461" target="_self"> <span class="arrow-right"><i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>IEEE Learning Network </a> </li> <!-- #link-content end --> </ul> <!-- #link-list-container-content end --> </div> </div> <!-- #footer-column-section-content end --> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="footer-space"></div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-12 footer-add"> <!-- Responsive Image Content ============================================= --> <div class="responsive-img"> <a href="https://climate-change.ieee.org/?utm_source=dhtml_footer&utm_medium=hp&utm_campaign=climate-change" target="_blank" style="width:100%"> <img src="/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/globals/climate-change-footer-728x90.jpg" class="img-responsive" alt="Visit the IEEE Climate Change website" title="Visit the IEEE Climate Change website"/> </a> </div> <!-- End Response Image Content --> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="footer-space"></div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-12"> <!-- Social Media Container Content ============================================= --> <div class="socialmedia"> <ul> <li> <!-- ============================================= Social Media Content ============================================= --> <a class="collabratec-icon" aria-label="Collabratec" alt="Collabratec" href="https://ieee-collabratec.ieee.org/?utm_source=dhtml_footer&utm_medium=hp&utm_campaign=sm-collabratec" target="_self"></a> <!-- #social-media-content end --> </li> <li> <!-- ============================================= Social Media Content ============================================= --> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/pages/IEEE/176104589110851?utm_source=dhtml_footer&utm_medium=hp&utm_campaign=sm-facebook" aria-label="Facebook icon that links to IEEE&#39;s Facebook profile" alt="Facebook icon that links to IEEE&#39;s Facebook profile" target="_self"> <i class="fa-brands fa-brands fa-facebook"></i> </a> <!-- #social-media-content end --> </li> <li> <!-- ============================================= Social Media Content ============================================= --> <a href="https://twitter.com/IEEEorg?utm_source=dhtml_footer&utm_medium=hp&utm_campaign=sm-twitter" aria-label="X (formerly Twitter) logo that links to X site." alt="X (formerly Twitter) logo that links to X site." target="_self"> <i class="fa-brands fa-brands fa-x-twitter"></i> </a> <!-- #social-media-content end --> </li> <li> <!-- ============================================= Social Media Content ============================================= --> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/ieee?utm_source=dhtml_footer&utm_medium=hp&utm_campaign=sm-linkedin" aria-label="LinkedIn logo that links to IEEE&#39;s LinkedIn profile" alt="LinkedIn logo that links to IEEE&#39;s LinkedIn profile" target="_self"> <i class="fa-brands fa-brands fa-linkedin"></i> </a> <!-- #social-media-content end --> </li> <li> <!-- ============================================= Social Media Content ============================================= --> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/ieeeorg/?utm_source=dhtml_footer&utm_medium=hp&utm_campaign=sm-youtube" aria-label="Instagram" alt="Instagram" target="_self"> <i class="fa-brands fa fa-instagram"></i> </a> <!-- #social-media-content end --> </li> </ul> </div> <!--#Social-media-container content end--> </div> </div> <div class="top-of-page-link hidden-xs text-right"> <a class="arrow-color-white" href="#top"> <img class="svg footer-top-arrow-link" src="/etc/designs/ieee-core/clientlibs/images/top-arrow.svg"/> <span class="title-label">top of page</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- #footer-content end --> </div> <div class="global-footer-container"> <!-- Global Footer Content ============================================= --> <div class="global-footer"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 footer-links font-f"> <!-- Utility Links Content ============================================= --> <ul id="KTHJPKZEVMLAMWOVYS" class=" utilitylinks separator-pipe"> <li class="utilitylinks-default-color" style="color:"> <div style="min-width:30px"> <a href="/">Home</a> </div> </li> <li class="utilitylinks-default-color" style="color:"> <div style="min-width:30px"> <a href="/sitemap.html">Sitemap</a> </div> </li> <li class="utilitylinks-default-color" style="color:"> <div style="min-width:30px"> <a href="/about/contact.html">Contact &amp; Support</a> </div> </li> <li class="utilitylinks-default-color" style="color:"> <div style="min-width:30px"> <a href="/accessibility-statement.html">Accessibility</a> </div> </li> <li class="utilitylinks-default-color" style="color:"> <div style="min-width:30px"> <a href="/about/corporate/governance/p9-26.html">Nondiscrimination Policy</a> </div> </li> <li class="utilitylinks-default-color" style="color:"> <div style="min-width:30px"> <p><a href="https://secure.ethicspoint.com/domain/media/en/gui/20410/index.html">IEEE Ethics Reporting</a></p> </div> </li> <li class="utilitylinks-default-color" style="color:"> <div style="min-width:30px"> <p><a href="/security-privacy.html">IEEE Privacy Policy</a></p> </div> </li> <li class="utilitylinks-default-color" style="color:"> <div style="min-width:30px"> <a href="/about/help/site-terms-conditions.html">Terms &amp; Disclosures</a> </div> </li> <li class="utilitylinks-default-color" style="color:"> <div style="min-width:30px"> <p><a href="/about/feedback-ieee-site.html">Feedback</a></p> </div> </li> </ul> <!-- #utility-links-content end --> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 legal-copy font-f"> <div class="cq-dd-paragraph"><div class="rte text parbase"> © Copyright <span id="copyrightyear"></span> IEEE – All rights reserved. A public charity, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- #global-footer-content end --></div> </div> </footer> <!-- #footer ends --> </div> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/> <script src="/etc/clientlibs/axis41-core/base.min.js"></script> <script src="/etc/clientlibs/axis41-core/apps_components.min.js"></script> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/> <script src="/etc/designs/ieee-core/clientlibs/base.min.js"></script> <script src="/etc/designs/ieee-core/clientlibs/apps_components.min.js"></script> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/> <script src="/etc/designs/ieee-org/clientlibs/base.min.js"></script> <script src="/etc/designs/ieee-org/clientlibs/apps_components.min.js"></script> </body> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10