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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Formation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Formation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Formation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Formation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Partial_melting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partial_melting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Partial melting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partial_melting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fractional_crystallization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fractional_crystallization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Fractional crystallization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fractional_crystallization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Occurrence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Occurrence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Occurrence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Occurrence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Episyenite" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Episyenite"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Episyenite</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Episyenite-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown 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<div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="سيانيت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيانيت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sienita" title="Sienita – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sienita" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siyenit" title="Siyenit – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Siyenit" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82" title="Сіеніт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сіеніт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Сиенит – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сиенит" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sienita" title="Sienita – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sienita" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syenit" title="Syenit – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Syenit" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syenit" title="Syenit – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Syenit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCeniit" title="Süeniit – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Süeniit" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sienita" title="Sienita – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sienita" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sienito" title="Sienito – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sienito" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sienita" title="Sienita – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sienita" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="سینیت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سینیت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sy%C3%A9nite" title="Syénite – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Syénite" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siana%C3%ADt" title="Sianaít – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sianaít" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sienita" title="Sienita – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sienita" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%AC%EC%9E%A5%EC%95%94" title="섬장암 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="섬장암" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%AB%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%BF" title="Սիենիտ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սիենիտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syenit" title="Syenit – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Syenit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sienite" title="Sienite – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sienite" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%98" title="סיאניט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סיאניט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Сиенит – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сиенит" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syeniet" title="Syeniet – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Syeniet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%96%83%E9%95%B7%E5%B2%A9" title="閃長岩 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="閃長岩" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syenitt" title="Syenitt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Syenitt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syenitt" title="Syenitt – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Syenitt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siyenit" title="Siyenit – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Siyenit" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjenit" title="Sjenit – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sjenit" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sienito" title="Sienito – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sienito" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Сиенит – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сиенит" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syenit" title="Syenit – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Syenit" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sienit" title="Sienit – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sienit" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Сијенит – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сијенит" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sijenit" title="Sijenit – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sijenit" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syeniitti" title="Syeniitti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Syeniitti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syenit" title="Syenit – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Syenit" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siyenit" title="Siyenit – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Siyenit" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D1%94%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82" title="Сієніт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сієніт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syenit" title="Syenit – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Syenit" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E9%95%B7%E5%B2%A9" title="正長岩 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="正長岩" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q329118#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Syenite</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color: #cddeff"><b><a href="/wiki/Igneous" class="mw-redirect" title="Igneous">Igneous rock</a></b></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Porphyritic_syenite_(Wausau_Syenite_Complex,_Mesoproterozoic;_Wausau,_Wisconsin,_USA)_2_-_52188157706.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Porphyritic_syenite_%28Wausau_Syenite_Complex%2C_Mesoproterozoic%3B_Wausau%2C_Wisconsin%2C_USA%29_2_-_52188157706.jpg/220px-Porphyritic_syenite_%28Wausau_Syenite_Complex%2C_Mesoproterozoic%3B_Wausau%2C_Wisconsin%2C_USA%29_2_-_52188157706.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Porphyritic_syenite_%28Wausau_Syenite_Complex%2C_Mesoproterozoic%3B_Wausau%2C_Wisconsin%2C_USA%29_2_-_52188157706.jpg/330px-Porphyritic_syenite_%28Wausau_Syenite_Complex%2C_Mesoproterozoic%3B_Wausau%2C_Wisconsin%2C_USA%29_2_-_52188157706.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Porphyritic_syenite_%28Wausau_Syenite_Complex%2C_Mesoproterozoic%3B_Wausau%2C_Wisconsin%2C_USA%29_2_-_52188157706.jpg/440px-Porphyritic_syenite_%28Wausau_Syenite_Complex%2C_Mesoproterozoic%3B_Wausau%2C_Wisconsin%2C_USA%29_2_-_52188157706.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2988" data-file-height="2499" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Composition</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Classification</th><td class="infobox-data">Felsic</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Plagioclase and K-Feldspars, depleted in quartz</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Texture</th><td class="infobox-data">Phaneritic</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Equivalents</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Trachyte" title="Trachyte">Trachyte</a> extrusively</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sy%C3%A9nite_Tretorre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Sy%C3%A9nite_Tretorre.jpg/220px-Sy%C3%A9nite_Tretorre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Sy%C3%A9nite_Tretorre.jpg/330px-Sy%C3%A9nite_Tretorre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Sy%C3%A9nite_Tretorre.jpg/440px-Sy%C3%A9nite_Tretorre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="752" /></a><figcaption>Syenite from Corsica</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:QAPFsyenite.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/QAPFsyenite.gif/330px-QAPFsyenite.gif" decoding="async" width="330" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/QAPFsyenite.gif/495px-QAPFsyenite.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/QAPFsyenite.gif/660px-QAPFsyenite.gif 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="790" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/QAPF_diagram" title="QAPF diagram">QAPF diagram</a> that shows the <a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">quartz</a> (Q), <a href="/wiki/Alkali_feldspar" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkali feldspar">alkali feldspar</a> (A), and <a href="/wiki/Plagioclase" title="Plagioclase">plagioclase</a> (P) composition of syenite</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nepheline-syenite-2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Nepheline-syenite-2005.jpg/220px-Nepheline-syenite-2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Nepheline-syenite-2005.jpg/330px-Nepheline-syenite-2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Nepheline-syenite-2005.jpg/440px-Nepheline-syenite-2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="531" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Leucocratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Leucocratic">Leucocratic</a> variety of <a href="/wiki/Nepheline" title="Nepheline">nepheline</a> syenite from <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A4rnaite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Särnaite (page does not exist)">särnaite</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Syenite</b> is a coarse-grained <a href="/wiki/Intrusive_rock" title="Intrusive rock">intrusive</a> <a href="/wiki/Igneous_rock" title="Igneous rock">igneous rock</a> with a general composition similar to that of <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a>, but deficient in <a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">quartz</a>, which, if present at all, occurs in relatively small concentrations (< 5%). It is considered a <a href="/wiki/Granitoid" title="Granitoid">granitoid</a>. Some syenites contain larger proportions of <a href="/wiki/Mafic" title="Mafic">mafic</a> components and smaller amounts of <a href="/wiki/Felsic" title="Felsic">felsic</a> material than most granites; those are classed as being of <a href="/wiki/Intermediate_composition" title="Intermediate composition">intermediate composition</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Extrusive_rock" title="Extrusive rock">extrusive</a> equivalent of syenite is <a href="/wiki/Trachyte" title="Trachyte">trachyte</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syenite&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Feldspar" title="Feldspar">feldspar</a> component of syenite is predominantly <a href="/wiki/Alkaline" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkaline">alkaline</a> in character (usually <a href="/wiki/Orthoclase" title="Orthoclase">orthoclase</a>). <a href="/wiki/Plagioclase" title="Plagioclase">Plagioclase</a> feldspars may be present in small proportions, between 10% and 35% of the feldspar content. Such feldspars often are interleaved as <a href="/wiki/Perthite" title="Perthite">perthitic</a> components of the rock. </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Mafic" title="Mafic">ferromagnesian</a> minerals are present in syenite at all, they usually occur in the form of <a href="/wiki/Amphibole" title="Amphibole">amphibole</a> (typically <a href="/wiki/Hornblende" title="Hornblende">hornblende</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Clinopyroxene" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinopyroxene">clinopyroxene</a>. <a href="/wiki/Biotite" title="Biotite">Biotite</a> is rare, because in a syenite magma the formation of feldspar consumes nearly all the aluminium. However less Al-rich <a href="/wiki/Phyllosilicates" class="mw-redirect" title="Phyllosilicates">phyllosilicates</a> may be included, such as <a href="/wiki/Annite" title="Annite">annite</a>. </p><p>Other common accessory minerals are <a href="/wiki/Apatite" title="Apatite">apatite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Titanite" title="Titanite">titanite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zircon" title="Zircon">zircon</a> and other opaques. </p><p>Most syenites are either <a href="/wiki/Peralkaline" class="mw-redirect" title="Peralkaline">peralkaline</a> with high proportions of alkali elements relative to aluminum, or <a href="/wiki/Peraluminous" class="mw-redirect" title="Peraluminous">peraluminous</a> with a higher concentration of aluminum relative to <a href="/wiki/Alkali_metal" title="Alkali metal">alkali</a> (predominantly K and Na) and <a href="/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal" title="Alkaline earth metal">earth-alkali</a> (predominantly Ca) elements. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formation">Formation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syenite&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partial_melting">Partial melting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syenite&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Partial melting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Syenites are products of alkaline igneous activity, generally formed in thick <a href="/wiki/Continental_crust" title="Continental crust">continental crustal</a> areas, or in Cordilleran <a href="/wiki/Subduction" title="Subduction">subduction</a> zones. The formation of syenites can be theorized to be from the melt of granitic or igneous <a href="/wiki/Protolith" title="Protolith">protolith</a> to a fairly low degree of <a href="/wiki/Partial_melting" title="Partial melting">partial melting</a>. This is required because potassium is an incompatible element and tends to enter a melt first, whereas higher degrees of partial melting will liberate more calcium and sodium, which produce <a href="/wiki/Plagioclase" title="Plagioclase">plagioclase</a>, and hence a <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a>, adamellite or <a href="/wiki/Tonalite" title="Tonalite">tonalite</a>. </p><p>At very low degrees of partial melting a <a href="/wiki/Silica" class="mw-redirect" title="Silica">silica</a> undersaturated melt is produced, forming a <a href="/wiki/Nepheline_syenite" title="Nepheline syenite">nepheline syenite</a>, where orthoclase is replaced by a <a href="/wiki/Feldspathoid" title="Feldspathoid">feldspathoid</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Leucite" title="Leucite">leucite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepheline" title="Nepheline">nepheline</a> or <a href="/wiki/Analcime" title="Analcime">analcime</a>. </p><p>Conversely in certain conditions, large volumes of <a href="/wiki/Anorthite" title="Anorthite">anorthite</a> crystals may precipitate from thoroughly molten magma in a <a href="/wiki/Cumulate_rock" title="Cumulate rock">cumulate</a> process as it cools. This leaves a drastically reduced concentration of silica in the remainder of the melt. The segregation of the silica from the melt leaves it in a state that may favour syenite formation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fractional_crystallization">Fractional crystallization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syenite&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Fractional crystallization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some syenites are also theorized to be the product of the <a href="/wiki/Fractional_crystallization_(geology)" title="Fractional crystallization (geology)">fractional crystallization</a> of basaltic magmas.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Occurrence">Occurrence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syenite&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Occurrence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulletin_426_Plate_XVI_B_Bowlder_Outcrop_of_Syenite.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Bulletin_426_Plate_XVI_B_Bowlder_Outcrop_of_Syenite.jpg/220px-Bulletin_426_Plate_XVI_B_Bowlder_Outcrop_of_Syenite.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Bulletin_426_Plate_XVI_B_Bowlder_Outcrop_of_Syenite.jpg/330px-Bulletin_426_Plate_XVI_B_Bowlder_Outcrop_of_Syenite.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Bulletin_426_Plate_XVI_B_Bowlder_Outcrop_of_Syenite.jpg/440px-Bulletin_426_Plate_XVI_B_Bowlder_Outcrop_of_Syenite.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1316" data-file-height="952" /></a><figcaption>Boulders of syenite near <a href="/wiki/Concord,_North_Carolina" title="Concord, North Carolina">Concord</a>, North Carolina, c. 1910</figcaption></figure> <p>Syenite is not a common rock. Regions where it occurs in significant quantities include the following. </p> <ul><li>In the <a href="/wiki/Kola_Peninsula" title="Kola Peninsula">Kola Peninsula</a> of Russia two giant <a href="/wiki/Nepheline" title="Nepheline">nepheline</a> syenite bodies exists making up the <a href="/wiki/Lovozero_Massif" title="Lovozero Massif">Lovozero Massif</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Khibiny_Mountains" title="Khibiny Mountains">Khibiny Mountains</a>. These syenites are part of the <a href="/wiki/Kola_Alkaline_Province" title="Kola Alkaline Province">Kola Alkaline Province</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In North America syenite occurs in <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a>. Regions in <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> have sizable amounts, and in <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> syenite <a href="/wiki/Gneiss" title="Gneiss">gneisses</a> occur.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The "great syenite dyke" extends from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanging_Rock,_South_Carolina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hanging Rock, South Carolina (page does not exist)">Hanging Rock, South Carolina</a>, through <a href="/wiki/Taxahaw,_South_Carolina" title="Taxahaw, South Carolina">Taxahaw, South Carolina</a>, to the Brewer and Edgeworth mine in <a href="/wiki/Chesterfield,_South_Carolina" title="Chesterfield, South Carolina">Chesterfield, South Carolina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lieber_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lieber-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Syenite pebbles, containing <a href="/wiki/Fluorescent" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluorescent">fluorescent</a> <a href="/wiki/Sodalite" title="Sodalite">sodalite</a>, were moved from Canada to Michigan by glaciers;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> these <a href="/wiki/Glacial_erratic" title="Glacial erratic">glacial erratic</a> pebbles have been given the trade name "yooperlite".<sup id="cite_ref-Yooperlite_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yooperlite-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In other parts of the world, these types of rocks are known as sodalite-syenite and occur in Canada, India, other US states, Greenland, Malawi, and Russia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>In Europe syenite may be found in parts of <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Loyal" title="Ben Loyal">Scotland</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a>, Bulgaria and in <a href="/wiki/Ditr%C4%83u" title="Ditrău">Ditrău</a>, Romania.</li> <li>In Africa there are syenite formations in <a href="/wiki/Aswan" title="Aswan">Aswan, Egypt</a>, and in <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mulanje_Mountain_Forest_Reserve" title="Mulanje Mountain Forest Reserve">Mulanje Mountain Forest Reserve</a>. Syenite rock was used to make the <a href="/wiki/Quay_with_Sphinxes" title="Quay with Sphinxes">Quay with Sphinxes</a>.</li> <li>In Australia syenite occurs as small intrusive bodies in nearly every state. In <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, a large syenite intruded during the breakup of <a href="/wiki/Gondwana" title="Gondwana">Gondwana</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paatusoq" title="Paatusoq">Paatusoq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kangerluluk" title="Kangerluluk">Kangerluluk</a> fjords in southeastern <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a>, where a bay within the latter <i>(Syenitbugt)</i> and a headland <i>(Syenitnæs)</i> are named after the rock.<sup id="cite_ref-mapcarta_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mapcarta-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syenite&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>syenite</i> was originally applied to hornblende granite like that of <a href="/wiki/Syene" class="mw-redirect" title="Syene">Syene</a> (now Aswan) in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, from which the name is derived. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Episyenite">Episyenite</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syenite&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Episyenite"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Episyenite</b> (or <i>epi-syenite</i>) is a term used in <a href="/wiki/Petrology" title="Petrology">petrology</a> to describe veins, pods, or lenses of rock originally rich in <a href="/wiki/Silicon_dioxide" title="Silicon dioxide">silicon dioxide</a> (SiO<sub>2</sub>) from which quartz has been severely depleted.<sup id="cite_ref-RecioEtal_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RecioEtal-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is often accompanied by strong enrichment in potassium and <a href="/wiki/Rare_earth_elements" class="mw-redirect" title="Rare earth elements">rare earth elements</a>, leaving the altered rock a distinctive brick red color,<sup id="cite_ref-McLemore-2016_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McLemore-2016-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or by albitization (enrichment in sodium), leaving the altered rock a conspicuous white color.<sup id="cite_ref-SuikkanenRamo2019_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SuikkanenRamo2019-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Episyenites are heterogenous in their properties, but all have experienced nearly complete disappearance of quartz at sub-<a href="/wiki/Solidus_(chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solidus (chemistry)">solidus</a> temperatures; that is, at temperatures below the melting point of the host rock. The formation of episyenites (<i>episyenitization</i>) typically takes place through leaching of quartz by mildly saline hydrothermal fluids, typically near a cooling <a href="/wiki/Intrusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Intrusion">intrusion</a>. Because episyenitization usually takes place in <a href="/wiki/Granitoid" title="Granitoid">granitoid</a> rock and usually involves alkaline <a href="/wiki/Metasomatism" title="Metasomatism">metasomatism</a> (addition of alkali metal oxides to the rock) the result is a rock that has the mineral composition of an igneous syenite.<sup id="cite_ref-SuikkanenRamo2019_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SuikkanenRamo2019-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to rare earth elements,<sup id="cite_ref-McLemore-2016_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McLemore-2016-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> episyenites may be important sources of <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other valuable metals.<sup id="cite_ref-SuikkanenRamo2019_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SuikkanenRamo2019-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Notable occurrences of episyenite are found in the <a href="/wiki/Hesperian_Massif" title="Hesperian Massif">Central Iberian Massif</a> of Spain,<sup id="cite_ref-RecioEtal_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RecioEtal-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Cambrian</a> to <a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">Ordovician</a> beds of New Mexico and Colorado,<sup id="cite_ref-McLemore-2016_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McLemore-2016-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scandinavia, Brazil, and Ukraine.<sup id="cite_ref-SuikkanenRamo2019_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SuikkanenRamo2019-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syenite&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rock_types" title="List of rock types">List of rock types</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syenite&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>E. Wm. Heinrich. Microscopic Petrography, McGraw-Hill, 1956</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCarracedo2016" class="citation book cs1">Carracedo, J. C. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/951031503"><i>The geology of the Canary Islands</i></a>. V. R. Troll. Amsterdam, Netherlands. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-809664-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-809664-2"><bdi>978-0-12-809664-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/951031503">951031503</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+geology+of+the+Canary+Islands&rft.place=Amsterdam%2C+Netherlands&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F951031503&rft.isbn=978-0-12-809664-2&rft.aulast=Carracedo&rft.aufirst=J.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F951031503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyenite" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alexstrekeisen.it/english/pluto/syenite.php">"ALEX STREKEISEN-Syenite-"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ALEX+STREKEISEN-Syenite-&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alexstrekeisen.it%2Fenglish%2Fpluto%2Fsyenite.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyenite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDownesBalaganskayaBeardLiferovich2005" class="citation journal cs1">Downes, Hilary; Balaganskaya, Elena; Beard, Andrew; Liferovich, Ruslan; Demaiffe, Daniel (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/157/1/Downes4_Figs2-12.pdf">"Petrogenetic processes in the ultramafic, alkaline and carbonatitic magmatism in the Kola Alkaline Province: a review"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Lithos</i>. <b>85</b> (<span class="nowrap">1–</span>4): <span class="nowrap">48–</span>75. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005Litho..85...48D">2005Litho..85...48D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.lithos.2005.03.020">10.1016/j.lithos.2005.03.020</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170110145028/http://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/157/1/Downes4_Figs2-12.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2017-01-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lithos&rft.atitle=Petrogenetic+processes+in+the+ultramafic%2C+alkaline+and+carbonatitic+magmatism+in+the+Kola+Alkaline+Province%3A+a+review&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E48-%3C%2Fspan%3E75&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.lithos.2005.03.020&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005Litho..85...48D&rft.aulast=Downes&rft.aufirst=Hilary&rft.au=Balaganskaya%2C+Elena&rft.au=Beard%2C+Andrew&rft.au=Liferovich%2C+Ruslan&rft.au=Demaiffe%2C+Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feprints.bbk.ac.uk%2F157%2F1%2FDownes4_Figs2-12.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyenite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lieber-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lieber_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLieber1856" class="citation book cs1">Lieber, Oscar Montgomery (1856). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xb8SAwAAQBAJ&q=taxahaw%20sc&pg=PA32"><i>Report on the Survey of South Carolina</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_General_Assembly" title="South Carolina General Assembly">South Carolina General Assembly</a>. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9785880484188" title="Special:BookSources/9785880484188"><bdi>9785880484188</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Report+on+the+Survey+of+South+Carolina&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=South+Carolina+General+Assembly&rft.date=1856&rft.isbn=9785880484188&rft.aulast=Lieber&rft.aufirst=Oscar+Montgomery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dxb8SAwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dtaxahaw%2520sc%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASyenite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wilx.com/content/news/Yooperlite-a-new-rock-found-in-the-Upper-Peninsula-492732351.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Yooperlite' a new rock found in the Upper Peninsula"</a>. wilx.com. 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"The Margnac and Fanay uranium deposits of the La Crouzille District (western Massif Central, France); geologic and fluid inclusion studies". <i>Economic Geology</i>. <b>73</b> (8): <span class="nowrap">1611–</span>1634. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1978EcGeo..73.1611L">1978EcGeo..73.1611L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2113%2Fgsecongeo.73.8.1611">10.2113/gsecongeo.73.8.1611</a>.</cite><span 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title="Andesite">Andesite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anorthosite" title="Anorthosite">Anorthosite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aplite" title="Aplite">Aplite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">Basalt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alkali_basalt" title="Alkali basalt">Alkali basalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picrite_basalt" title="Picrite basalt">Picrite basalt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basaltic_trachyandesite" class="mw-redirect" title="Basaltic trachyandesite">Basaltic trachyandesite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mugearite" title="Mugearite">Mugearite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshonite" title="Shoshonite">Shoshonite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basanite" title="Basanite">Basanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blairmorite" title="Blairmorite">Blairmorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boninite" title="Boninite">Boninite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbonatite" title="Carbonatite">Carbonatite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charnockite" title="Charnockite">Charnockite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enderbite" title="Enderbite">Enderbite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacite" title="Dacite">Dacite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diabase" title="Diabase">Diabase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diorite" title="Diorite">Diorite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonite" title="Napoleonite">Napoleonite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunite" title="Dunite">Dunite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essexite" title="Essexite">Essexite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foidolite" title="Foidolite">Foidolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabbro" title="Gabbro">Gabbro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">Granite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granodiorite" title="Granodiorite">Granodiorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granophyre" title="Granophyre">Granophyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harzburgite" title="Harzburgite">Harzburgite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornblendite" title="Hornblendite">Hornblendite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyaloclastite" title="Hyaloclastite">Hyaloclastite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandite" title="Icelandite">Icelandite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignimbrite" title="Ignimbrite">Ignimbrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijolite" title="Ijolite">Ijolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberlite" title="Kimberlite">Kimberlite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komatiite" title="Komatiite">Komatiite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamproite" title="Lamproite">Lamproite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamprophyre" title="Lamprophyre">Lamprophyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latite" title="Latite">Latite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lherzolite" title="Lherzolite">Lherzolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monzogranite" title="Monzogranite">Monzogranite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monzonite" title="Monzonite">Monzonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepheline_syenite" title="Nepheline syenite">Nepheline syenite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephelinite" title="Nephelinite">Nephelinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norite" title="Norite">Norite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsidian" title="Obsidian">Obsidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegmatite" title="Pegmatite">Pegmatite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peridotite" title="Peridotite">Peridotite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonolite" title="Phonolite">Phonolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonotephrite" title="Phonotephrite">Phonotephrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porphyry_(geology)" title="Porphyry (geology)">Porphyry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumice" title="Pumice">Pumice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyroxenite" title="Pyroxenite">Pyroxenite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz_diorite" title="Quartz diorite">Quartz diorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz_monzonite" title="Quartz monzonite">Quartz monzonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartzolite" title="Quartzolite">Quartzolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhyodacite" title="Rhyodacite">Rhyodacite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhyolite" title="Rhyolite">Rhyolite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comendite" title="Comendite">Comendite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantellerite" title="Pantellerite">Pantellerite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scoria" title="Scoria">Scoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shonkinite" title="Shonkinite">Shonkinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovite" title="Sovite">Sovite</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Syenite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachylyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Tachylyte">Tachylyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tephriphonolite" title="Tephriphonolite">Tephriphonolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tephrite" title="Tephrite">Tephrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonalite" title="Tonalite">Tonalite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trachyandesite" title="Trachyandesite">Trachyandesite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benmoreite" title="Benmoreite">Benmoreite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trachybasalt" title="Trachybasalt">Trachybasalt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiite" title="Hawaiite">Hawaiite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trachyte" title="Trachyte">Trachyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troctolite" title="Troctolite">Troctolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trondhjemite" title="Trondhjemite">Trondhjemite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuff" title="Tuff">Tuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Websterite" title="Websterite">Websterite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wehrlite" title="Wehrlite">Wehrlite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_rock" title="Sedimentary rock">Sedimentary rock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argillite" title="Argillite">Argillite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkose" title="Arkose">Arkose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banded_iron_formation" title="Banded iron formation">Banded iron formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breccia" title="Breccia">Breccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcarenite" title="Calcarenite">Calcarenite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalk" title="Chalk">Chalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chert" title="Chert">Chert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claystone" class="mw-redirect" title="Claystone">Claystone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conglomerate_(geology)" title="Conglomerate (geology)">Conglomerate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coquina" title="Coquina">Coquina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamictite" title="Diamictite">Diamictite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diatomite" class="mw-redirect" title="Diatomite">Diatomite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolomite_(rock)" title="Dolomite (rock)">Dolomite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evaporite" title="Evaporite">Evaporite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint" title="Flint">Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geyserite" title="Geyserite">Geyserite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greywacke" title="Greywacke">Greywacke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gritstone" title="Gritstone">Gritstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itacolumite" title="Itacolumite">Itacolumite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaspillite" title="Jaspillite">Jaspillite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laterite" title="Laterite">Laterite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lignite" title="Lignite">Lignite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">Limestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumachelle" title="Lumachelle">Lumachelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marl" title="Marl">Marl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudstone" title="Mudstone">Mudstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_shale" title="Oil shale">Oil shale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oolite" title="Oolite">Oolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorite" title="Phosphorite">Phosphorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">Sandstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shale" title="Shale">Shale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siltstone" title="Siltstone">Siltstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvinite" title="Sylvinite">Sylvinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tillite" class="mw-redirect" title="Tillite">Tillite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travertine" title="Travertine">Travertine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tufa" title="Tufa">Tufa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbidite" title="Turbidite">Turbidite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varve" title="Varve">Varve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wackestone" title="Wackestone">Wackestone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metamorphic_rock" title="Metamorphic rock">Metamorphic rock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthracite" title="Anthracite">Anthracite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphibolite" title="Amphibolite">Amphibolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueschist" title="Blueschist">Blueschist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cataclasite" title="Cataclasite">Cataclasite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclogite" title="Eclogite">Eclogite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gneiss" title="Gneiss">Gneiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granulite" title="Granulite">Granulite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenschist" title="Greenschist">Greenschist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornfels" title="Hornfels">Hornfels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calcflinta" title="Calcflinta">Calcflinta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itabirite" title="Itabirite">Itabirite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litchfieldite" title="Litchfieldite">Litchfieldite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">Marble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migmatite" title="Migmatite">Migmatite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mylonite" title="Mylonite">Mylonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapelite" class="mw-redirect" title="Metapelite">Metapelite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metapsammite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metapsammite (page does not exist)">Metapsammite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllite" title="Phyllite">Phyllite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudotachylite" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudotachylite">Pseudotachylite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartzite" title="Quartzite">Quartzite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schist" title="Schist">Schist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpentinite" title="Serpentinite">Serpentinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skarn" title="Skarn">Skarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slate" title="Slate">Slate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suevite" title="Suevite">Suevite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talc_carbonate" title="Talc carbonate">Talc carbonate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soapstone" title="Soapstone">Soapstone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tectonite" title="Tectonite">Tectonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiteschist" title="Whiteschist">Whiteschist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specific varieties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adamellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Adamellite">Adamellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appinite" title="Appinite">Appinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphanite" title="Aphanite">Aphanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borolanite" title="Borolanite">Borolanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larvikite" title="Larvikite">Blue Granite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidosite" title="Epidosite">Epidosite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felsite" title="Felsite">Felsite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint" title="Flint">Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganister" title="Ganister">Ganister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gossan" title="Gossan">Gossan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyaloclastite" title="Hyaloclastite">Hyaloclastite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijolite" title="Ijolite">Ijolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadeitite" title="Jadeitite">Jadeitite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasperoid" title="Jasperoid">Jasperoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyte" title="Kenyte">Kenyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapis_lazuli" title="Lapis lazuli">Lapis lazuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larvikite" title="Larvikite">Larvikite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litchfieldite" title="Litchfieldite">Litchfieldite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanite" title="Llanite">Llanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxullianite" title="Luxullianite">Luxullianite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangerite" title="Mangerite">Mangerite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novaculite" title="Novaculite">Novaculite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietersite" title="Pietersite">Pietersite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrolite" title="Pyrolite">Pyrolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapakivi_granite" title="Rapakivi granite">Rapakivi granite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhomb_porphyry" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhomb porphyry">Rhomb porphyry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodingite" title="Rodingite">Rodingite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shonkinite" title="Shonkinite">Shonkinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taconite" title="Taconite">Taconite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachylite" title="Tachylite">Tachylite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teschenite" title="Teschenite">Teschenite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theralite" title="Theralite">Theralite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unakite" title="Unakite">Unakite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variolite" title="Variolite">Variolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wad_(mineral)" title="Wad (mineral)">Wad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox 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