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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv" class=""><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Pontier&returntoquery=oldid%3D4665269" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt" class=""><span>Skapa konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=Pontier&returntoquery=oldid%3D4665269" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och 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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logga in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Fler alternativ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personliga verktyg" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personliga verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Användarmeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv"><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Pontier&returntoquery=oldid%3D4665269" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skapa konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=Pontier&returntoquery=oldid%3D4665269" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logga in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sidor för utloggade redigerare <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lp:Introduktion" aria-label="Läs mer om redigering"><span>läs mer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mina_bidrag" title="En lista över redigeringar från denna IP-adress [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Min_diskussion" title="Diskussion om redigeringar från det här IP-numret [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pontier</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 39 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="يونانيون بنطيون – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يونانيون بنطيون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pont_yunanlar%C4%B1" title="Pont yunanları – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pont yunanları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Понтийски гърци – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Понтийски гърци" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grecs_p%C3%B2ntics" title="Grecs pòntics – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Grecs pòntics" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pont%C5%A1t%C3%AD_%C5%98ekov%C3%A9" title="Pontští Řekové – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pontští Řekové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontos-Griechen" title="Pontos-Griechen – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pontos-Griechen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%8C%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B9" title="Πόντιοι – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πόντιοι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontic_Greeks" title="Pontic Greeks – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pontic Greeks" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griegos_p%C3%B3nticos" title="Griegos pónticos – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Griegos pónticos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grekoj_de_la_Ponto" title="Grekoj de la Ponto – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Grekoj de la Ponto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontoko_greziar" title="Pontoko greziar – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pontoko greziar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiques" title="Pontiques – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pontiques" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontyske_Griken" title="Pontyske Griken – västfrisiska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Pontyske Griken" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="västfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3nticos" title="Pónticos – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pónticos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Պոնտացի հույներ – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պոնտացի հույներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontski_Grci" title="Pontski Grci – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pontski Grci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Yunani_Pontos" title="Orang Yunani Pontos – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Yunani Pontos" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Понты грекъ – ossetiska" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Понты грекъ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greci_del_Ponto" title="Greci del Ponto – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Greci del Ponto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9D" title="יוונים פונטים – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יוונים פונטים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="პონტოელები – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პონტოელები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yewnan%C3%AAn_pont%C3%AE" title="Yewnanên pontî – kurdiska" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Yewnanên pontî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponto_graikai" title="Ponto graikai – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ponto graikai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Yunani_Pontik" title="Orang Yunani Pontik – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Orang Yunani Pontik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontische_Grieken" title="Pontische Grieken – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pontische Grieken" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%82%B9%E4%BA%BA" title="ポントス人 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポントス人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiere" title="Pontiere – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pontiere" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%8C%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B9" title="Πόντιοι – pontiska" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Πόντιοι" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="pontiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregos_p%C3%B4nticos" title="Gregos pônticos – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gregos pônticos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greci_pontici" title="Greci pontici – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Greci pontici" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Понтийцы – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Понтийцы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontic_Greeks" title="Pontic Greeks – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pontic Greeks" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontsk%C3%AD_Gr%C3%A9ci" title="Pontskí Gréci – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pontskí Gréci" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%93%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Понтски Грци – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Понтски Грци" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontski_Grci" title="Pontski Grci – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pontski Grci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontus_Rumlar%C4%B1" title="Pontus Rumları – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pontus Rumları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Понтійські греки – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Понтійські греки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontan_grekalai%C5%BEed" title="Pontan grekalaižed – veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Pontan grekalaižed" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E9%83%BD%E4%BA%BA" title="本都人 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="本都人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q679524#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pontier" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Pontier" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion om innehållssidan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ändra språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled 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class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Fler alternativ" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Åtgärder </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pontier"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontier&oldid=4665269&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontier&action=edit&oldid=4665269" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontier&action=history"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Allmänt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:L%C3%A4nkar_hit/Pontier" title="Lista över alla wikisidor som länkar hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Sidor som länkar hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_relaterade_%C3%A4ndringar/Pontier" rel="nofollow" title="Visa senaste ändringarna av sidor som den här sidan länkar till [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterade ändringar</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Specialsidor" title="Lista över alla specialsidor [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialsidor</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontier&oldid=4665269" title="Permanent länk till den här versionen av sidan"><span>Permanent länk</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontier&action=info" title="Mer information om denna sida"><span>Sidinformation</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citera&page=Pontier&id=4665269&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information om hur den här artikeln kan användas som referens"><span>Använd som referens</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DPontier%26oldid%3D4665269"><span>Hämta förkortad url</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DPontier%26oldid%3D4665269"><span>Ladda ner QR-kod</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut/exportera </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Bok&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Pontier"><span>Skapa en bok</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontier&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvänlig version av den här sidan [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvänlig version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andra projekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pontic_Greeks" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="cdx-message cdx-message--block cdx-message--warning mw-revision"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content"><div id="mw-revision-info">Version från den 21 juli 2007 kl. 09.38 av <a href="/wiki/Special:Bidrag/147.186.254.98" class="mw-userlink mw-anonuserlink" title="Special:Bidrag/147.186.254.98" data-mw-revid="4665269"><bdi>147.186.254.98</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/Anv%C3%A4ndardiskussion:147.186.254.98" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="Användardiskussion:147.186.254.98">Diskussion</a>)</span></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontier&diff=prev&oldid=4665269" title="Pontier">skillnad</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontier&direction=prev&oldid=4665269" title="Pontier">← Äldre version</a> | <a href="/wiki/Pontier" title="Pontier">visa nuvarande version</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontier&diff=cur&oldid=4665269" title="Pontier">skillnad</a>) | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontier&direction=next&oldid=4665269" title="Pontier">Nyare version →</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontier&diff=next&oldid=4665269" title="Pontier">skillnad</a>)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><p><b>Pontier</b>, eller <b>pontiska greker</b>, kan antingen i allmänhet syfta till alla <a href="/wiki/Greker" title="Greker">greker</a> längs <a href="/wiki/Svarta_havet" title="Svarta havet">Svarta havets</a> kuster, eller mer specifikt till de greker som från <a href="/wiki/Antiken" title="Antiken">Antiken</a> bebodde regionen <a href="/wiki/Pontos" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Pontos">Pontos</a>, senare <a href="/wiki/Kejsard%C3%B6met_Trebizond" class="mw-redirect" title="Kejsardömet Trebizond">Kejsardömet Trebizond</a>, på <a href="/wiki/Anatolien" title="Anatolien">Anatoliens</a> nordkust mot Svarta havet i nuvarande östra <a href="/wiki/Turkiet" title="Turkiet">Turkiet</a>. De senare talar <a href="/wiki/Pontisk_grekiska" title="Pontisk grekiska">pontisk grekiska</a> och uppgår till runt 3 miljoner, ursprungligen bosatta från <a href="/wiki/Sinope" class="mw-disambig" title="Sinope">Sinope</a> i dagens Turkiet och upp längs den <a href="/wiki/Kaukasien" title="Kaukasien">kaukasiska</a> kusten till <a href="/wiki/Suchumi" title="Suchumi">Suchumi</a> i <a href="/wiki/Abchazien" title="Abchazien">Abchazien</a> i nuvarande <a href="/wiki/Georgien" title="Georgien">Georgien</a> och ända till <a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a>. </p><p>Pontierna härstammar huvudsakligen från den <a href="/wiki/Jonien" title="Jonien">joniska</a> stammen av greker som koloniserade kusterna runt Svarta havet någon gång mellan 800 och 600 f.Kr. De kristnades senare, men deras språk, ursprungligen ett grekiskt talspråk, hyser större likheter med <a href="/wiki/Klassisk_grekiska" title="Klassisk grekiska">klassisk grekiska</a> än dagens <a href="/wiki/Grekiska" title="Grekiska">grekiska</a> gör, och har därtill inslag av andra inhemska språkblandningar. </p><p>Sedan de turkiska utresningarna av greker 1920-1923, efter <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rsta_v%C3%A4rldskriget" title="Första världskriget">första världskriget</a>, då dessa, i utbyte mot etniska <a href="/wiki/Turkar" title="Turkar">turkar</a> i <a href="/wiki/Grekland" title="Grekland">Grekland</a>, tvångsförflyttades till Grekland, finns de idag främst i nuvarande Grekland samt i områden i dagens <a href="/wiki/Ryssland" title="Ryssland">Ryssland</a>, Ukraina och Georgien; stora grupper har även utvandrat till bland annat <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a> och <a href="/wiki/Australien" title="Australien">Australien</a>. </p><p>Troligtvis finns många pontier kvar i dagens Turkiet. Omkring 120 000 grekättlingar antas leva i det numera georgiska Pontos, och uppemot 380 000 i det turkiska. Dessa har dock troligtvis konverterat från <a href="/wiki/Kristendom" title="Kristendom">kristendomen</a> till <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion_till_k%C3%A4llh%C3%A4nvisningar" title="Wikipedia:Introduktion till källhänvisningar">[<span title="Denna uppgift behöver källa ({{subst:LOCALYEAR}}-{{subst:LOCALMONTH}})"><i>källa behövs</i></span>]</a></sup> och sedan de <a href="/wiki/Kemalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Kemalism">kemalistiska</a> språkreformerna i Turkiet på 1920- och 1930-talen i stort sett alla <a href="/wiki/Turkiska" title="Turkiska">turkiska</a>. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.pontian.info/">[1]</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pontier&oldid=4665269">https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pontier&oldid=4665269</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorier" title="Wikipedia:Kategorier">Kategorier</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Greker" title="Kategori:Greker">Greker</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Turkiets_historia" title="Kategori:Turkiets historia">Turkiets historia</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Dolda kategorier: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Alla_artiklar_som_beh%C3%B6ver_k%C3%A4llor" title="Kategori:Alla artiklar som behöver källor">Alla artiklar som behöver källor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Alla_artiklar_som_beh%C3%B6ver_enstaka_k%C3%A4llor" title="Kategori:Alla artiklar som behöver enstaka källor">Alla artiklar som behöver enstaka källor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artiklar_som_beh%C3%B6ver_enstaka_k%C3%A4llor_utan_datum" title="Kategori:Artiklar som behöver enstaka källor utan datum">Artiklar som behöver enstaka källor utan datum</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Sidan redigerades senast den 21 juli 2007 kl. 09.38.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Wikipedias text är tillgänglig under licensen <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sv">Creative Commons Erkännande-dela-lika 4.0 Unported</a>. 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