fmt package - fmt - Go Packages

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</a> <ul> <li> <a href="#pkg-examples" data-gtmc="doc outline link"> Examples </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="DocNav-constants"> <a href="#pkg-constants" data-gtmc="doc outline link"> Constants </a> </li> <li class="DocNav-variables"> <a href="#pkg-variables" data-gtmc="doc outline link"> Variables </a> </li> <li class="DocNav-functions"> <a href="#pkg-functions" data-gtmc="doc outline link"> Functions </a> <ul> <li> <a href="#Append" title="Append(b, a)" data-gtmc="doc outline link"> Append(b, a) </a> </li> <li> <a href="#Appendf" title="Appendf(b, format, a)" data-gtmc="doc outline link"> Appendf(b, format, a) </a> </li> <li> <a href="#Appendln" title="Appendln(b, a)" data-gtmc="doc outline link"> Appendln(b, a) </a> </li> <li> <a href="#Errorf" title="Errorf(format, a)" data-gtmc="doc outline link"> Errorf(format, a) </a> </li> <li> <a href="#FormatString" title="FormatString(state, verb)" data-gtmc="doc outline link"> FormatString(state, verb) </a> </li> <li> <a href="#Fprint" title="Fprint(w, a)" data-gtmc="doc outline link"> Fprint(w, a) </a> </li> <li> <a href="#Fprintf" title="Fprintf(w, format, a)" data-gtmc="doc outline link"> Fprintf(w, format, a) </a> </li> <li> <a href="#Fprintln" title="Fprintln(w, a)" data-gtmc="doc outline link"> Fprintln(w, a) </a> </li> <li> <a href="#Fscan" title="Fscan(r, a)" data-gtmc="doc outline link"> Fscan(r, a) </a> </li> <li> <a href="#Fscanf" title="Fscanf(r, format, a)" data-gtmc="doc outline link"> Fscanf(r, format, a) </a> </li> <li> <a href="#Fscanln" title="Fscanln(r, a)" data-gtmc="doc outline link"> Fscanln(r, a) </a> </li> <li> <a href="#Print" title="Print(a)" data-gtmc="doc outline link"> Print(a) </a> </li> <li> <a href="#Printf" title="Printf(format, a)" data-gtmc="doc outline link"> Printf(format, a) </a> </li> <li> <a href="#Println" title="Println(a)" data-gtmc="doc outline link"> Println(a) </a> </li> <li> <a href="#Scan" title="Scan(a)" data-gtmc="doc outline link"> Scan(a) </a> </li> <li> <a href="#Scanf" title="Scanf(format, a)" data-gtmc="doc outline link"> Scanf(format, a) </a> </li> <li> <a href="#Scanln" title="Scanln(a)" data-gtmc="doc outline link"> Scanln(a) </a> </li> <li> <a href="#Sprint" title="Sprint(a)" data-gtmc="doc outline link"> Sprint(a) </a> </li> <li> <a href="#Sprintf" title="Sprintf(format, a)" data-gtmc="doc outline link"> Sprintf(format, a) </a> </li> <li> <a href="#Sprintln" title="Sprintln(a)" data-gtmc="doc outline link"> Sprintln(a) </a> </li> <li> <a href="#Sscan" title="Sscan(str, a)" data-gtmc="doc outline link"> Sscan(str, a) </a> </li> <li> <a href="#Sscanf" title="Sscanf(str, format, a)" data-gtmc="doc outline link"> Sscanf(str, format, a) </a> </li> <li> <a href="#Sscanln" title="Sscanln(str, a)" data-gtmc="doc outline link"> Sscanln(str, a) </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="DocNav-types"> <a href="#pkg-types" data-gtmc="doc outline link"> Types </a> <ul> <li> <a href="#Formatter" title="type Formatter" data-gtmc="doc outline link"> type Formatter </a> </li> <li> <a href="#GoStringer" title="type GoStringer" data-gtmc="doc outline link"> type GoStringer </a> </li> <li> <a href="#ScanState" title="type ScanState" data-gtmc="doc outline link"> type ScanState </a> </li> <li> <a href="#Scanner" title="type Scanner" data-gtmc="doc outline link"> type Scanner </a> </li> <li> <a href="#State" title="type State" data-gtmc="doc outline link"> type State </a> </li> <li> <a href="#Stringer" title="type Stringer" data-gtmc="doc outline link"> type Stringer </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="#section-sourcefiles" data-gtmc="outline link"> Source Files </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="go-Main-navMobile js-mainNavMobile"> <label class="go-Label"> <select class="go-Select"> <option selected disabled>Documentation</option> </select> </label> </div> </nav> <article class="go-Main-article js-mainContent"> <div class="UnitDetails" data-test-id="UnitDetails" style="display: block;"> <div class="UnitDetails-content js-unitDetailsContent" data-test-id="UnitDetails-content"> <div class="UnitDoc"> <h2 class="UnitDoc-title" id="section-documentation"> <img class="go-Icon" height="24" width="24" src="/static/shared/icon/code_gm_grey_24dp.svg" alt=""> Documentation <a class="UnitDoc-idLink" href="#section-documentation" aria-label="Go to Documentation">¶</a> </h2> <div class="Documentation js-documentation"> <div class="Documentation-content js-docContent"> <section class="Documentation-overview"> <h3 tabindex="-1" id="pkg-overview" class="Documentation-overviewHeader">Overview <a href="#pkg-overview" aria-label="Go to Overview">¶</a></h3> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Table of Contents"> <ul class="Documentation-toc"> <li class="Documentation-tocItem"><a href="#hdr-Printing">Printing</a></li> <li class="Documentation-tocItem"><a href="#hdr-Explicit_argument_indexes">Explicit argument indexes</a></li> <li class="Documentation-tocItem"><a href="#hdr-Format_errors">Format errors</a></li> <li class="Documentation-tocItem"><a href="#hdr-Scanning">Scanning</a></li> </ul> </div> <p>Package fmt implements formatted I/O with functions analogous to C's printf and scanf. The format 'verbs' are derived from C's but are simpler. </p><h4 id="hdr-Printing">Printing <a class="Documentation-idLink" href="#hdr-Printing" aria-label="Go to Printing">¶</a></h4><p>The verbs: </p><p>General: </p><pre>%v the value in a default format when printing structs, the plus flag (%+v) adds field names %#v a Go-syntax representation of the value (floating-point infinities and NaNs print as ±Inf and NaN) %T a Go-syntax representation of the type of the value %% a literal percent sign; consumes no value </pre><p>Boolean: </p><pre>%t the word true or false </pre><p>Integer: </p><pre>%b base 2 %c the character represented by the corresponding Unicode code point %d base 10 %o base 8 %O base 8 with 0o prefix %q a single-quoted character literal safely escaped with Go syntax. %x base 16, with lower-case letters for a-f %X base 16, with upper-case letters for A-F %U Unicode format: U+1234; same as "U+%04X" </pre><p>Floating-point and complex constituents: </p><pre>%b decimalless scientific notation with exponent a power of two, in the manner of strconv.FormatFloat with the 'b' format, e.g. -123456p-78 %e scientific notation, e.g. -1.234456e+78 %E scientific notation, e.g. -1.234456E+78 %f decimal point but no exponent, e.g. 123.456 %F synonym for %f %g %e for large exponents, %f otherwise. Precision is discussed below. %G %E for large exponents, %F otherwise %x hexadecimal notation (with decimal power of two exponent), e.g. -0x1.23abcp+20 %X upper-case hexadecimal notation, e.g. -0X1.23ABCP+20 </pre><p>String and slice of bytes (treated equivalently with these verbs): </p><pre>%s the uninterpreted bytes of the string or slice %q a double-quoted string safely escaped with Go syntax %x base 16, lower-case, two characters per byte %X base 16, upper-case, two characters per byte </pre><p>Slice: </p><pre>%p address of 0th element in base 16 notation, with leading 0x </pre><p>Pointer: </p><pre>%p base 16 notation, with leading 0x The %b, %d, %o, %x and %X verbs also work with pointers, formatting the value exactly as if it were an integer. </pre><p>The default format for %v is: </p><pre>bool: %t int, int8 etc.: %d uint, uint8 etc.: %d, %#x if printed with %#v float32, complex64, etc: %g string: %s chan: %p pointer: %p </pre><p>For compound objects, the elements are printed using these rules, recursively, laid out like this: </p><pre>struct: {field0 field1 ...} array, slice: [elem0 elem1 ...] maps: map[key1:value1 key2:value2 ...] pointer to above: &{}, &[], &map[] </pre><p>Width is specified by an optional decimal number immediately preceding the verb. If absent, the width is whatever is necessary to represent the value. Precision is specified after the (optional) width by a period followed by a decimal number. If no period is present, a default precision is used. A period with no following number specifies a precision of zero. Examples: </p><pre>%f default width, default precision %9f width 9, default precision %.2f default width, precision 2 %9.2f width 9, precision 2 %9.f width 9, precision 0 </pre><p>Width and precision are measured in units of Unicode code points, that is, runes. (This differs from C's printf where the units are always measured in bytes.) Either or both of the flags may be replaced with the character '*', causing their values to be obtained from the next operand (preceding the one to format), which must be of type int. </p><p>For most values, width is the minimum number of runes to output, padding the formatted form with spaces if necessary. </p><p>For strings, byte slices and byte arrays, however, precision limits the length of the input to be formatted (not the size of the output), truncating if necessary. Normally it is measured in runes, but for these types when formatted with the %x or %X format it is measured in bytes. </p><p>For floating-point values, width sets the minimum width of the field and precision sets the number of places after the decimal, if appropriate, except that for %g/%G precision sets the maximum number of significant digits (trailing zeros are removed). For example, given 12.345 the format %6.3f prints 12.345 while %.3g prints 12.3. The default precision for %e, %f and %#g is 6; for %g it is the smallest number of digits necessary to identify the value uniquely. </p><p>For complex numbers, the width and precision apply to the two components independently and the result is parenthesized, so %f applied to 1.2+3.4i produces (1.200000+3.400000i). </p><p>When formatting a single integer code point or a rune string (type []rune) with %q, invalid Unicode code points are changed to the Unicode replacement character, U+FFFD, as in <a href="/strconv#QuoteRune">strconv.QuoteRune</a>. </p><p>Other flags: </p><pre>'+' always print a sign for numeric values; guarantee ASCII-only output for %q (%+q) '-' pad with spaces on the right rather than the left (left-justify the field) '#' alternate format: add leading 0b for binary (%#b), 0 for octal (%#o), 0x or 0X for hex (%#x or %#X); suppress 0x for %p (%#p); for %q, print a raw (backquoted) string if [strconv.CanBackquote] returns true; always print a decimal point for %e, %E, %f, %F, %g and %G; do not remove trailing zeros for %g and %G; write e.g. U+0078 'x' if the character is printable for %U (%#U) ' ' (space) leave a space for elided sign in numbers (% d); put spaces between bytes printing strings or slices in hex (% x, % X) '0' pad with leading zeros rather than spaces; for numbers, this moves the padding after the sign </pre><p>Flags are ignored by verbs that do not expect them. For example there is no alternate decimal format, so %#d and %d behave identically. </p><p>For each Printf-like function, there is also a Print function that takes no format and is equivalent to saying %v for every operand. Another variant Println inserts blanks between operands and appends a newline. </p><p>Regardless of the verb, if an operand is an interface value, the internal concrete value is used, not the interface itself. Thus: </p><pre>var i interface{} = 23 fmt.Printf("%v\n", i) </pre><p>will print 23. </p><p>Except when printed using the verbs %T and %p, special formatting considerations apply for operands that implement certain interfaces. In order of application: </p><p>1. If the operand is a <a href="/reflect#Value">reflect.Value</a>, the operand is replaced by the concrete value that it holds, and printing continues with the next rule. </p><p>2. If an operand implements the <a href="#Formatter">Formatter</a> interface, it will be invoked. In this case the interpretation of verbs and flags is controlled by that implementation. </p><p>3. If the %v verb is used with the # flag (%#v) and the operand implements the <a href="#GoStringer">GoStringer</a> interface, that will be invoked. </p><p>If the format (which is implicitly %v for <a href="#Println">Println</a> etc.) is valid for a string (%s %q %x %X), or is %v but not %#v, the following two rules apply: </p><p>4. If an operand implements the error interface, the Error method will be invoked to convert the object to a string, which will then be formatted as required by the verb (if any). </p><p>5. If an operand implements method String() string, that method will be invoked to convert the object to a string, which will then be formatted as required by the verb (if any). </p><p>For compound operands such as slices and structs, the format applies to the elements of each operand, recursively, not to the operand as a whole. Thus %q will quote each element of a slice of strings, and %6.2f will control formatting for each element of a floating-point array. </p><p>However, when printing a byte slice with a string-like verb (%s %q %x %X), it is treated identically to a string, as a single item. </p><p>To avoid recursion in cases such as </p><pre>type X string func (x X) String() string { return Sprintf("<%s>", x) } </pre><p>convert the value before recurring: </p><pre>func (x X) String() string { return Sprintf("<%s>", string(x)) } </pre><p>Infinite recursion can also be triggered by self-referential data structures, such as a slice that contains itself as an element, if that type has a String method. Such pathologies are rare, however, and the package does not protect against them. </p><p>When printing a struct, fmt cannot and therefore does not invoke formatting methods such as Error or String on unexported fields. </p><h4 id="hdr-Explicit_argument_indexes">Explicit argument indexes <a class="Documentation-idLink" href="#hdr-Explicit_argument_indexes" aria-label="Go to Explicit argument indexes">¶</a></h4><p>In <a href="#Printf">Printf</a>, <a href="#Sprintf">Sprintf</a>, and <a href="#Fprintf">Fprintf</a>, the default behavior is for each formatting verb to format successive arguments passed in the call. However, the notation [n] immediately before the verb indicates that the nth one-indexed argument is to be formatted instead. The same notation before a '*' for a width or precision selects the argument index holding the value. After processing a bracketed expression [n], subsequent verbs will use arguments n+1, n+2, etc. unless otherwise directed. </p><p>For example, </p><pre>fmt.Sprintf("%[2]d %[1]d\n", 11, 22) </pre><p>will yield "22 11", while </p><pre>fmt.Sprintf("%[3]*.[2]*[1]f", 12.0, 2, 6) </pre><p>equivalent to </p><pre>fmt.Sprintf("%6.2f", 12.0) </pre><p>will yield " 12.00". Because an explicit index affects subsequent verbs, this notation can be used to print the same values multiple times by resetting the index for the first argument to be repeated: </p><pre>fmt.Sprintf("%d %d %#[1]x %#x", 16, 17) </pre><p>will yield "16 17 0x10 0x11". </p><h4 id="hdr-Format_errors">Format errors <a class="Documentation-idLink" href="#hdr-Format_errors" aria-label="Go to Format errors">¶</a></h4><p>If an invalid argument is given for a verb, such as providing a string to %d, the generated string will contain a description of the problem, as in these examples: </p><pre>Wrong type or unknown verb: %!verb(type=value) Printf("%d", "hi"): %!d(string=hi) Too many arguments: %!(EXTRA type=value) Printf("hi", "guys"): hi%!(EXTRA string=guys) Too few arguments: %!verb(MISSING) Printf("hi%d"): hi%!d(MISSING) Non-int for width or precision: %!(BADWIDTH) or %!(BADPREC) Printf("%*s", 4.5, "hi"): %!(BADWIDTH)hi Printf("%.*s", 4.5, "hi"): %!(BADPREC)hi Invalid or invalid use of argument index: %!(BADINDEX) Printf("%*[2]d", 7): %!d(BADINDEX) Printf("%.[2]d", 7): %!d(BADINDEX) </pre><p>All errors begin with the string "%!" followed sometimes by a single character (the verb) and end with a parenthesized description. </p><p>If an Error or String method triggers a panic when called by a print routine, the fmt package reformats the error message from the panic, decorating it with an indication that it came through the fmt package. For example, if a String method calls panic("bad"), the resulting formatted message will look like </p><pre>%!s(PANIC=bad) </pre><p>The %!s just shows the print verb in use when the failure occurred. If the panic is caused by a nil receiver to an Error or String method, however, the output is the undecorated string, "<nil>". </p><h4 id="hdr-Scanning">Scanning <a class="Documentation-idLink" href="#hdr-Scanning" aria-label="Go to Scanning">¶</a></h4><p>An analogous set of functions scans formatted text to yield values. <a href="#Scan">Scan</a>, <a href="#Scanf">Scanf</a> and <a href="#Scanln">Scanln</a> read from <a href="/os#Stdin">os.Stdin</a>; <a href="#Fscan">Fscan</a>, <a href="#Fscanf">Fscanf</a> and <a href="#Fscanln">Fscanln</a> read from a specified <a href="/io#Reader">io.Reader</a>; <a href="#Sscan">Sscan</a>, <a href="#Sscanf">Sscanf</a> and <a href="#Sscanln">Sscanln</a> read from an argument string. </p><p><a href="#Scan">Scan</a>, <a href="#Fscan">Fscan</a>, <a href="#Sscan">Sscan</a> treat newlines in the input as spaces. </p><p><a href="#Scanln">Scanln</a>, <a href="#Fscanln">Fscanln</a> and <a href="#Sscanln">Sscanln</a> stop scanning at a newline and require that the items be followed by a newline or EOF. </p><p><a href="#Scanf">Scanf</a>, <a href="#Fscanf">Fscanf</a>, and <a href="#Sscanf">Sscanf</a> parse the arguments according to a format string, analogous to that of <a href="#Printf">Printf</a>. In the text that follows, 'space' means any Unicode whitespace character except newline. </p><p>In the format string, a verb introduced by the % character consumes and parses input; these verbs are described in more detail below. A character other than %, space, or newline in the format consumes exactly that input character, which must be present. A newline with zero or more spaces before it in the format string consumes zero or more spaces in the input followed by a single newline or the end of the input. A space following a newline in the format string consumes zero or more spaces in the input. Otherwise, any run of one or more spaces in the format string consumes as many spaces as possible in the input. Unless the run of spaces in the format string appears adjacent to a newline, the run must consume at least one space from the input or find the end of the input. </p><p>The handling of spaces and newlines differs from that of C's scanf family: in C, newlines are treated as any other space, and it is never an error when a run of spaces in the format string finds no spaces to consume in the input. </p><p>The verbs behave analogously to those of <a href="#Printf">Printf</a>. For example, %x will scan an integer as a hexadecimal number, and %v will scan the default representation format for the value. The <a href="#Printf">Printf</a> verbs %p and %T and the flags # and + are not implemented. For floating-point and complex values, all valid formatting verbs (%b %e %E %f %F %g %G %x %X and %v) are equivalent and accept both decimal and hexadecimal notation (for example: "2.3e+7", "0x4.5p-8") and digit-separating underscores (for example: "3.14159_26535_89793"). </p><p>Input processed by verbs is implicitly space-delimited: the implementation of every verb except %c starts by discarding leading spaces from the remaining input, and the %s verb (and %v reading into a string) stops consuming input at the first space or newline character. </p><p>The familiar base-setting prefixes 0b (binary), 0o and 0 (octal), and 0x (hexadecimal) are accepted when scanning integers without a format or with the %v verb, as are digit-separating underscores. </p><p>Width is interpreted in the input text but there is no syntax for scanning with a precision (no %5.2f, just %5f). If width is provided, it applies after leading spaces are trimmed and specifies the maximum number of runes to read to satisfy the verb. For example, </p><pre>Sscanf(" 1234567 ", "%5s%d", &s, &i) </pre><p>will set s to "12345" and i to 67 while </p><pre>Sscanf(" 12 34 567 ", "%5s%d", &s, &i) </pre><p>will set s to "12" and i to 34. </p><p>In all the scanning functions, a carriage return followed immediately by a newline is treated as a plain newline (\r\n means the same as \n). </p><p>In all the scanning functions, if an operand implements method <a href="#Scan">Scan</a> (that is, it implements the <a href="#Scanner">Scanner</a> interface) that method will be used to scan the text for that operand. Also, if the number of arguments scanned is less than the number of arguments provided, an error is returned. </p><p>All arguments to be scanned must be either pointers to basic types or implementations of the <a href="#Scanner">Scanner</a> interface. </p><p>Like <a href="#Scanf">Scanf</a> and <a href="#Fscanf">Fscanf</a>, <a href="#Sscanf">Sscanf</a> need not consume its entire input. There is no way to recover how much of the input string <a href="#Sscanf">Sscanf</a> used. </p><p>Note: <a href="#Fscan">Fscan</a> etc. can read one character (rune) past the input they return, which means that a loop calling a scan routine may skip some of the input. This is usually a problem only when there is no space between input values. If the reader provided to <a href="#Fscan">Fscan</a> implements ReadRune, that method will be used to read characters. If the reader also implements UnreadRune, that method will be used to save the character and successive calls will not lose data. To attach ReadRune and UnreadRune methods to a reader without that capability, use <a href="/bufio#NewReader">bufio.NewReader</a>. </p> <details tabindex="-1" id="example-package-Formats" class="Documentation-exampleDetails js-exampleContainer"> <summary class="Documentation-exampleDetailsHeader">Example (Formats) <a href="#example-package-Formats" aria-label="Go to Example (Formats)">¶</a></summary> <div class="Documentation-exampleDetailsBody"> <p>These examples demonstrate the basics of printing using a format string. Printf, Sprintf, and Fprintf all take a format string that specifies how to format the subsequent arguments. For example, %d (we call that a 'verb') says to print the corresponding argument, which must be an integer (or something containing an integer, such as a slice of ints) in decimal. The verb %v ('v' for 'value') always formats the argument in its default form, just how Print or Println would show it. The special verb %T ('T' for 'Type') prints the type of the argument rather than its value. The examples are not exhaustive; see the package comment for all the details. </p> <pre class="Documentation-exampleCode"> package main import ( "fmt" "math" "time" ) func main() { // A basic set of examples showing that %v is the default format, in this // case decimal for integers, which can be explicitly requested with %d; // the output is just what Println generates. integer := 23 // Each of these prints "23" (without the quotes). fmt.Println(integer) fmt.Printf("%v\n", integer) fmt.Printf("%d\n", integer) // The special verb %T shows the type of an item rather than its value. fmt.Printf("%T %T\n", integer, &integer) // Result: int *int // Println(x) is the same as Printf("%v\n", x) so we will use only Printf // in the following examples. Each one demonstrates how to format values of // a particular type, such as integers or strings. We start each format // string with %v to show the default output and follow that with one or // more custom formats. // Booleans print as "true" or "false" with %v or %t. truth := true fmt.Printf("%v %t\n", truth, truth) // Result: true true // Integers print as decimals with %v and %d, // or in hex with %x, octal with %o, or binary with %b. answer := 42 fmt.Printf("%v %d %x %o %b\n", answer, answer, answer, answer, answer) // Result: 42 42 2a 52 101010 // Floats have multiple formats: %v and %g print a compact representation, // while %f prints a decimal point and %e uses exponential notation. The // format %6.2f used here shows how to set the width and precision to // control the appearance of a floating-point value. In this instance, 6 is // the total width of the printed text for the value (note the extra spaces // in the output) and 2 is the number of decimal places to show. pi := math.Pi fmt.Printf("%v %g %.2f (%6.2f) %e\n", pi, pi, pi, pi, pi) // Result: 3.141592653589793 3.141592653589793 3.14 ( 3.14) 3.141593e+00 // Complex numbers format as parenthesized pairs of floats, with an 'i' // after the imaginary part. point := 110.7 + 22.5i fmt.Printf("%v %g %.2f %.2e\n", point, point, point, point) // Result: (110.7+22.5i) (110.7+22.5i) (110.70+22.50i) (1.11e+02+2.25e+01i) // Runes are integers but when printed with %c show the character with that // Unicode value. The %q verb shows them as quoted characters, %U as a // hex Unicode code point, and %#U as both a code point and a quoted // printable form if the rune is printable. smile := '😀' fmt.Printf("%v %d %c %q %U %#U\n", smile, smile, smile, smile, smile, smile) // Result: 128512 128512 😀 '😀' U+1F600 U+1F600 '😀' // Strings are formatted with %v and %s as-is, with %q as quoted strings, // and %#q as backquoted strings. placeholders := `foo "bar"` fmt.Printf("%v %s %q %#q\n", placeholders, placeholders, placeholders, placeholders) // Result: foo "bar" foo "bar" "foo \"bar\"" `foo "bar"` // Maps formatted with %v show keys and values in their default formats. // The %#v form (the # is called a "flag" in this context) shows the map in // the Go source format. Maps are printed in a consistent order, sorted // by the values of the keys. isLegume := map[string]bool{ "peanut": true, "dachshund": false, } fmt.Printf("%v %#v\n", isLegume, isLegume) // Result: map[dachshund:false peanut:true] map[string]bool{"dachshund":false, "peanut":true} // Structs formatted with %v show field values in their default formats. // The %+v form shows the fields by name, while %#v formats the struct in // Go source format. person := struct { Name string Age int }{"Kim", 22} fmt.Printf("%v %+v %#v\n", person, person, person) // Result: {Kim 22} {Name:Kim Age:22} struct { Name string; Age int }{Name:"Kim", Age:22} // The default format for a pointer shows the underlying value preceded by // an ampersand. The %p verb prints the pointer value in hex. We use a // typed nil for the argument to %p here because the value of any non-nil // pointer would change from run to run; run the commented-out Printf // call yourself to see. pointer := &person fmt.Printf("%v %p\n", pointer, (*int)(nil)) // Result: &{Kim 22} 0x0 // fmt.Printf("%v %p\n", pointer, pointer) // Result: &{Kim 22} 0x010203 // See comment above. // Arrays and slices are formatted by applying the format to each element. greats := [5]string{"Kitano", "Kobayashi", "Kurosawa", "Miyazaki", "Ozu"} fmt.Printf("%v %q\n", greats, greats) // Result: [Kitano Kobayashi Kurosawa Miyazaki Ozu] ["Kitano" "Kobayashi" "Kurosawa" "Miyazaki" "Ozu"] kGreats := greats[:3] fmt.Printf("%v %q %#v\n", kGreats, kGreats, kGreats) // Result: [Kitano Kobayashi Kurosawa] ["Kitano" "Kobayashi" "Kurosawa"] []string{"Kitano", "Kobayashi", "Kurosawa"} // Byte slices are special. Integer verbs like %d print the elements in // that format. The %s and %q forms treat the slice like a string. The %x // verb has a special form with the space flag that puts a space between // the bytes. cmd := []byte("a⌘") fmt.Printf("%v %d %s %q %x % x\n", cmd, cmd, cmd, cmd, cmd, cmd) // Result: [97 226 140 152] [97 226 140 152] a⌘ "a⌘" 61e28c98 61 e2 8c 98 // Types that implement Stringer are printed the same as strings. Because // Stringers return a string, we can print them using a string-specific // verb such as %q. now := time.Unix(123456789, 0).UTC() // time.Time implements fmt.Stringer. fmt.Printf("%v %q\n", now, now) // Result: 1973-11-29 21:33:09 +0000 UTC "1973-11-29 21:33:09 +0000 UTC" } </pre> <pre><span class="Documentation-exampleOutputLabel">Output:</span> <span class="Documentation-exampleOutput">23 23 23 int *int true true 42 42 2a 52 101010 3.141592653589793 3.141592653589793 3.14 ( 3.14) 3.141593e+00 (110.7+22.5i) (110.7+22.5i) (110.70+22.50i) (1.11e+02+2.25e+01i) 128512 128512 😀 '😀' U+1F600 U+1F600 '😀' foo "bar" foo "bar" "foo \"bar\"" `foo "bar"` map[dachshund:false peanut:true] map[string]bool{"dachshund":false, "peanut":true} {Kim 22} {Name:Kim Age:22} struct { Name string; Age int }{Name:"Kim", Age:22} &{Kim 22} 0x0 [Kitano Kobayashi Kurosawa Miyazaki Ozu] ["Kitano" "Kobayashi" "Kurosawa" "Miyazaki" "Ozu"] [Kitano Kobayashi Kurosawa] ["Kitano" "Kobayashi" "Kurosawa"] []string{"Kitano", "Kobayashi", "Kurosawa"} [97 226 140 152] [97 226 140 152] a⌘ "a⌘" 61e28c98 61 e2 8c 98 1973-11-29 21:33:09 +0000 UTC "1973-11-29 21:33:09 +0000 UTC" </span></pre> </div> <div class="Documentation-exampleButtonsContainer"> <p class="Documentation-exampleError" role="alert" aria-atomic="true"></p> <button class="Documentation-exampleShareButton" aria-label="Share Code">Share</button> <button class="Documentation-exampleFormatButton" aria-label="Format Code">Format</button> <button class="Documentation-exampleRunButton" aria-label="Run Code">Run</button> </div></details> <details tabindex="-1" id="example-package-Printers" class="Documentation-exampleDetails js-exampleContainer"> <summary class="Documentation-exampleDetailsHeader">Example (Printers) <a href="#example-package-Printers" aria-label="Go to Example (Printers)">¶</a></summary> <div class="Documentation-exampleDetailsBody"> <p>Print, Println, and Printf lay out their arguments differently. In this example we can compare their behaviors. Println always adds blanks between the items it prints, while Print adds blanks only between non-string arguments and Printf does exactly what it is told. Sprint, Sprintln, Sprintf, Fprint, Fprintln, and Fprintf behave the same as their corresponding Print, Println, and Printf functions shown here. </p> <pre class="Documentation-exampleCode"> package main import ( "fmt" "math" ) func main() { a, b := 3.0, 4.0 h := math.Hypot(a, b) // Print inserts blanks between arguments when neither is a string. // It does not add a newline to the output, so we add one explicitly. fmt.Print("The vector (", a, b, ") has length ", h, ".\n") // Println always inserts spaces between its arguments, // so it cannot be used to produce the same output as Print in this case; // its output has extra spaces. // Also, Println always adds a newline to the output. fmt.Println("The vector (", a, b, ") has length", h, ".") // Printf provides complete control but is more complex to use. // It does not add a newline to the output, so we add one explicitly // at the end of the format specifier string. fmt.Printf("The vector (%g %g) has length %g.\n", a, b, h) } </pre> <pre><span class="Documentation-exampleOutputLabel">Output:</span> <span class="Documentation-exampleOutput">The vector (3 4) has length 5. The vector ( 3 4 ) has length 5 . The vector (3 4) has length 5. </span></pre> </div> <div class="Documentation-exampleButtonsContainer"> <p class="Documentation-exampleError" role="alert" aria-atomic="true"></p> <button class="Documentation-exampleShareButton" aria-label="Share Code">Share</button> <button class="Documentation-exampleFormatButton" aria-label="Format Code">Format</button> <button class="Documentation-exampleRunButton" aria-label="Run Code">Run</button> </div></details> </section><section class="Documentation-index"> <h3 id="pkg-index" class="Documentation-indexHeader">Index <a href="#pkg-index" aria-label="Go to Index">¶</a></h3> <ul class="Documentation-indexList"> <li class="Documentation-indexFunction"> <a href="#Append">func Append(b []byte, a ...any) []byte</a></li> <li class="Documentation-indexFunction"> <a href="#Appendf">func Appendf(b []byte, format string, a ...any) []byte</a></li> <li class="Documentation-indexFunction"> <a href="#Appendln">func Appendln(b []byte, a ...any) []byte</a></li> <li class="Documentation-indexFunction"> <a href="#Errorf">func Errorf(format string, a ...any) error</a></li> <li class="Documentation-indexFunction"> <a href="#FormatString">func FormatString(state State, verb rune) string</a></li> <li class="Documentation-indexFunction"> <a href="#Fprint">func Fprint(w io.Writer, a ...any) (n int, err error)</a></li> <li class="Documentation-indexFunction"> <a href="#Fprintf">func Fprintf(w io.Writer, format string, a ...any) (n int, err error)</a></li> <li class="Documentation-indexFunction"> <a href="#Fprintln">func Fprintln(w io.Writer, a ...any) (n int, err error)</a></li> <li class="Documentation-indexFunction"> <a href="#Fscan">func Fscan(r io.Reader, a ...any) (n int, err error)</a></li> <li class="Documentation-indexFunction"> <a href="#Fscanf">func Fscanf(r io.Reader, format string, a ...any) (n int, err error)</a></li> <li class="Documentation-indexFunction"> <a href="#Fscanln">func Fscanln(r io.Reader, a ...any) (n int, err error)</a></li> <li class="Documentation-indexFunction"> <a href="#Print">func Print(a ...any) (n int, err error)</a></li> <li class="Documentation-indexFunction"> <a href="#Printf">func Printf(format string, a ...any) (n int, err error)</a></li> <li class="Documentation-indexFunction"> <a href="#Println">func Println(a ...any) (n int, err error)</a></li> <li class="Documentation-indexFunction"> <a href="#Scan">func Scan(a ...any) (n int, err error)</a></li> <li class="Documentation-indexFunction"> <a href="#Scanf">func Scanf(format string, a ...any) (n int, err error)</a></li> <li class="Documentation-indexFunction"> <a href="#Scanln">func Scanln(a ...any) (n int, err error)</a></li> <li class="Documentation-indexFunction"> <a href="#Sprint">func Sprint(a ...any) string</a></li> <li class="Documentation-indexFunction"> <a href="#Sprintf">func Sprintf(format string, a ...any) string</a></li> <li class="Documentation-indexFunction"> <a href="#Sprintln">func Sprintln(a ...any) string</a></li> <li class="Documentation-indexFunction"> <a href="#Sscan">func Sscan(str string, a ...any) (n int, err error)</a></li> <li class="Documentation-indexFunction"> <a href="#Sscanf">func Sscanf(str string, format string, a ...any) (n int, err error)</a></li> <li class="Documentation-indexFunction"> <a href="#Sscanln">func Sscanln(str string, a ...any) (n int, err error)</a></li> <li class="Documentation-indexType"> <a href="#Formatter">type Formatter</a></li> <li class="Documentation-indexType"> <a href="#GoStringer">type GoStringer</a></li> <li class="Documentation-indexType"> <a href="#ScanState">type ScanState</a></li> <li class="Documentation-indexType"> <a href="#Scanner">type Scanner</a></li> <li class="Documentation-indexType"> <a href="#State">type State</a></li> <li class="Documentation-indexType"> <a href="#Stringer">type Stringer</a></li> </ul> </section><section class="Documentation-examples"> <h4 tabindex="-1" id="pkg-examples" class="Documentation-examplesHeader">Examples <a class="Documentation-idLink" href="#pkg-examples" aria-label="Go to Examples">¶</a></h4> <ul class="Documentation-examplesList"> <li><a href="#example-package-Formats" class="js-exampleHref">Package (Formats)</a></li> <li><a href="#example-package-Printers" class="js-exampleHref">Package (Printers)</a></li> <li><a href="#example-Errorf" class="js-exampleHref">Errorf</a></li> <li><a href="#example-Fprint" class="js-exampleHref">Fprint</a></li> <li><a href="#example-Fprintf" class="js-exampleHref">Fprintf</a></li> <li><a href="#example-Fprintln" class="js-exampleHref">Fprintln</a></li> <li><a href="#example-Fscanf" class="js-exampleHref">Fscanf</a></li> <li><a href="#example-Fscanln" class="js-exampleHref">Fscanln</a></li> <li><a href="#example-GoStringer" class="js-exampleHref">GoStringer</a></li> <li><a href="#example-Print" class="js-exampleHref">Print</a></li> <li><a href="#example-Printf" class="js-exampleHref">Printf</a></li> <li><a href="#example-Println" class="js-exampleHref">Println</a></li> <li><a href="#example-Sprint" class="js-exampleHref">Sprint</a></li> <li><a href="#example-Sprintf" class="js-exampleHref">Sprintf</a></li> <li><a href="#example-Sprintln" class="js-exampleHref">Sprintln</a></li> <li><a href="#example-Sscanf" class="js-exampleHref">Sscanf</a></li> <li><a href="#example-Stringer" class="js-exampleHref">Stringer</a></li> </ul> </section><h3 tabindex="-1" id="pkg-constants" class="Documentation-constantsHeader">Constants <a href="#pkg-constants" aria-label="Go to Constants">¶</a></h3> <section class="Documentation-constants"><p class="Documentation-empty">This section is empty.</p></section> <h3 tabindex="-1" id="pkg-variables" class="Documentation-variablesHeader">Variables <a href="#pkg-variables" aria-label="Go to Variables">¶</a></h3> <section class="Documentation-variables"><p class="Documentation-empty">This section is empty.</p></section> <h3 tabindex="-1" id="pkg-functions" class="Documentation-functionsHeader">Functions <a href="#pkg-functions" aria-label="Go to Functions">¶</a></h3> <section class="Documentation-functions"><div class="Documentation-function"> <h4 tabindex="-1" id="Append" data-kind="function" class="Documentation-functionHeader"> <span>func <a class="Documentation-source" href="https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/go1.23.3:src/fmt/print.go;l=287">Append</a> <a class="Documentation-idLink" href="#Append" aria-label="Go to Append">¶</a></span> <span class="Documentation-sinceVersion"> <span class="Documentation-sinceVersionLabel">added in</span> <span class="Documentation-sinceVersionVersion">go1.19</span> </span> </h4> <div class="Documentation-declaration"> <pre>func Append(b []<a href="/builtin#byte">byte</a>, a ...<a href="/builtin#any">any</a>) []<a href="/builtin#byte">byte</a></pre> </div> <p>Append formats using the default formats for its operands, appends the result to the byte slice, and returns the updated slice. </p> </div><div class="Documentation-function"> <h4 tabindex="-1" id="Appendf" data-kind="function" class="Documentation-functionHeader"> <span>func <a class="Documentation-source" href="https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/go1.23.3:src/fmt/print.go;l=247">Appendf</a> <a class="Documentation-idLink" href="#Appendf" aria-label="Go to Appendf">¶</a></span> <span class="Documentation-sinceVersion"> <span class="Documentation-sinceVersionLabel">added in</span> <span class="Documentation-sinceVersionVersion">go1.19</span> </span> </h4> <div class="Documentation-declaration"> <pre>func Appendf(b []<a href="/builtin#byte">byte</a>, format <a href="/builtin#string">string</a>, a ...<a href="/builtin#any">any</a>) []<a href="/builtin#byte">byte</a></pre> </div> <p>Appendf formats according to a format specifier, appends the result to the byte slice, and returns the updated slice. </p> </div><div class="Documentation-function"> <h4 tabindex="-1" id="Appendln" data-kind="function" class="Documentation-functionHeader"> <span>func <a class="Documentation-source" href="https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/go1.23.3:src/fmt/print.go;l=330">Appendln</a> <a class="Documentation-idLink" href="#Appendln" aria-label="Go to Appendln">¶</a></span> <span class="Documentation-sinceVersion"> <span class="Documentation-sinceVersionLabel">added in</span> <span class="Documentation-sinceVersionVersion">go1.19</span> </span> </h4> <div class="Documentation-declaration"> <pre>func Appendln(b []<a href="/builtin#byte">byte</a>, a ...<a href="/builtin#any">any</a>) []<a href="/builtin#byte">byte</a></pre> </div> <p>Appendln formats using the default formats for its operands, appends the result to the byte slice, and returns the updated slice. Spaces are always added between operands and a newline is appended. </p> </div><div class="Documentation-function"> <h4 tabindex="-1" id="Errorf" data-kind="function" class="Documentation-functionHeader"> <span>func <a class="Documentation-source" href="https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/go1.23.3:src/fmt/errors.go;l=22">Errorf</a> <a class="Documentation-idLink" href="#Errorf" aria-label="Go to Errorf">¶</a></span> <span class="Documentation-sinceVersion"> </span> </h4> <div class="Documentation-declaration"> <pre>func Errorf(format <a href="/builtin#string">string</a>, a ...<a href="/builtin#any">any</a>) <a href="/builtin#error">error</a></pre> </div> <p>Errorf formats according to a format specifier and returns the string as a value that satisfies error. </p><p>If the format specifier includes a %w verb with an error operand, the returned error will implement an Unwrap method returning the operand. If there is more than one %w verb, the returned error will implement an Unwrap method returning a []error containing all the %w operands in the order they appear in the arguments. It is invalid to supply the %w verb with an operand that does not implement the error interface. The %w verb is otherwise a synonym for %v. </p> <details tabindex="-1" id="example-Errorf" class="Documentation-exampleDetails js-exampleContainer"> <summary class="Documentation-exampleDetailsHeader">Example <a href="#example-Errorf" aria-label="Go to Example">¶</a></summary> <div class="Documentation-exampleDetailsBody"> <p>The Errorf function lets us use formatting features to create descriptive error messages. </p> <pre class="Documentation-exampleCode"> package main import ( "fmt" ) func main() { const name, id = "bueller", 17 err := fmt.Errorf("user %q (id %d) not found", name, id) fmt.Println(err.Error()) } </pre> <pre><span class="Documentation-exampleOutputLabel">Output:</span> <span class="Documentation-exampleOutput">user "bueller" (id 17) not found </span></pre> </div> <div class="Documentation-exampleButtonsContainer"> <p class="Documentation-exampleError" role="alert" aria-atomic="true"></p> <button class="Documentation-exampleShareButton" aria-label="Share Code">Share</button> <button class="Documentation-exampleFormatButton" aria-label="Format Code">Format</button> <button class="Documentation-exampleRunButton" aria-label="Run Code">Run</button> </div></details> </div><div class="Documentation-function"> <h4 tabindex="-1" id="FormatString" data-kind="function" class="Documentation-functionHeader"> <span>func <a class="Documentation-source" href="https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/go1.23.3:src/fmt/print.go;l=81">FormatString</a> <a class="Documentation-idLink" href="#FormatString" aria-label="Go to FormatString">¶</a></span> <span class="Documentation-sinceVersion"> <span class="Documentation-sinceVersionLabel">added in</span> <span class="Documentation-sinceVersionVersion">go1.20</span> </span> </h4> <div class="Documentation-declaration"> <pre>func FormatString(state <a href="#State">State</a>, verb <a href="/builtin#rune">rune</a>) <a href="/builtin#string">string</a></pre> </div> <p>FormatString returns a string representing the fully qualified formatting directive captured by the <a href="#State">State</a>, followed by the argument verb. (<a href="#State">State</a> does not itself contain the verb.) The result has a leading percent sign followed by any flags, the width, and the precision. Missing flags, width, and precision are omitted. This function allows a <a href="#Formatter">Formatter</a> to reconstruct the original directive triggering the call to Format. </p> </div><div class="Documentation-function"> <h4 tabindex="-1" id="Fprint" data-kind="function" class="Documentation-functionHeader"> <span>func <a class="Documentation-source" href="https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/go1.23.3:src/fmt/print.go;l=260">Fprint</a> <a class="Documentation-idLink" href="#Fprint" aria-label="Go to Fprint">¶</a></span> <span class="Documentation-sinceVersion"> </span> </h4> <div class="Documentation-declaration"> <pre>func Fprint(w <a href="/io">io</a>.<a href="/io#Writer">Writer</a>, a ...<a href="/builtin#any">any</a>) (n <a href="/builtin#int">int</a>, err <a href="/builtin#error">error</a>)</pre> </div> <p>Fprint formats using the default formats for its operands and writes to w. Spaces are added between operands when neither is a string. It returns the number of bytes written and any write error encountered. </p> <details tabindex="-1" id="example-Fprint" class="Documentation-exampleDetails js-exampleContainer"> <summary class="Documentation-exampleDetailsHeader">Example <a href="#example-Fprint" aria-label="Go to Example">¶</a></summary> <div class="Documentation-exampleDetailsBody"> <pre class="Documentation-exampleCode"> package main import ( "fmt" "os" ) func main() { const name, age = "Kim", 22 n, err := fmt.Fprint(os.Stdout, name, " is ", age, " years old.\n") // The n and err return values from Fprint are // those returned by the underlying io.Writer. if err != nil { fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Fprint: %v\n", err) } fmt.Print(n, " bytes written.\n") } </pre> <pre><span class="Documentation-exampleOutputLabel">Output:</span> <span class="Documentation-exampleOutput">Kim is 22 years old. 21 bytes written. </span></pre> </div> <div class="Documentation-exampleButtonsContainer"> <p class="Documentation-exampleError" role="alert" aria-atomic="true"></p> <button class="Documentation-exampleShareButton" aria-label="Share Code">Share</button> <button class="Documentation-exampleFormatButton" aria-label="Format Code">Format</button> <button class="Documentation-exampleRunButton" aria-label="Run Code">Run</button> </div></details> </div><div class="Documentation-function"> <h4 tabindex="-1" id="Fprintf" data-kind="function" class="Documentation-functionHeader"> <span>func <a class="Documentation-source" href="https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/go1.23.3:src/fmt/print.go;l=222">Fprintf</a> <a class="Documentation-idLink" href="#Fprintf" aria-label="Go to Fprintf">¶</a></span> <span class="Documentation-sinceVersion"> </span> </h4> <div class="Documentation-declaration"> <pre>func Fprintf(w <a href="/io">io</a>.<a href="/io#Writer">Writer</a>, format <a href="/builtin#string">string</a>, a ...<a href="/builtin#any">any</a>) (n <a href="/builtin#int">int</a>, err <a href="/builtin#error">error</a>)</pre> </div> <p>Fprintf formats according to a format specifier and writes to w. It returns the number of bytes written and any write error encountered. </p> <details tabindex="-1" id="example-Fprintf" class="Documentation-exampleDetails js-exampleContainer"> <summary class="Documentation-exampleDetailsHeader">Example <a href="#example-Fprintf" aria-label="Go to Example">¶</a></summary> <div class="Documentation-exampleDetailsBody"> <pre class="Documentation-exampleCode"> package main import ( "fmt" "os" ) func main() { const name, age = "Kim", 22 n, err := fmt.Fprintf(os.Stdout, "%s is %d years old.\n", name, age) // The n and err return values from Fprintf are // those returned by the underlying io.Writer. if err != nil { fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Fprintf: %v\n", err) } fmt.Printf("%d bytes written.\n", n) } </pre> <pre><span class="Documentation-exampleOutputLabel">Output:</span> <span class="Documentation-exampleOutput">Kim is 22 years old. 21 bytes written. </span></pre> </div> <div class="Documentation-exampleButtonsContainer"> <p class="Documentation-exampleError" role="alert" aria-atomic="true"></p> <button class="Documentation-exampleShareButton" aria-label="Share Code">Share</button> <button class="Documentation-exampleFormatButton" aria-label="Format Code">Format</button> <button class="Documentation-exampleRunButton" aria-label="Run Code">Run</button> </div></details> </div><div class="Documentation-function"> <h4 tabindex="-1" id="Fprintln" data-kind="function" class="Documentation-functionHeader"> <span>func <a class="Documentation-source" href="https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/go1.23.3:src/fmt/print.go;l=302">Fprintln</a> <a class="Documentation-idLink" href="#Fprintln" aria-label="Go to Fprintln">¶</a></span> <span class="Documentation-sinceVersion"> </span> </h4> <div class="Documentation-declaration"> <pre>func Fprintln(w <a href="/io">io</a>.<a href="/io#Writer">Writer</a>, a ...<a href="/builtin#any">any</a>) (n <a href="/builtin#int">int</a>, err <a href="/builtin#error">error</a>)</pre> </div> <p>Fprintln formats using the default formats for its operands and writes to w. Spaces are always added between operands and a newline is appended. It returns the number of bytes written and any write error encountered. </p> <details tabindex="-1" id="example-Fprintln" class="Documentation-exampleDetails js-exampleContainer"> <summary class="Documentation-exampleDetailsHeader">Example <a href="#example-Fprintln" aria-label="Go to Example">¶</a></summary> <div class="Documentation-exampleDetailsBody"> <pre class="Documentation-exampleCode"> package main import ( "fmt" "os" ) func main() { const name, age = "Kim", 22 n, err := fmt.Fprintln(os.Stdout, name, "is", age, "years old.") // The n and err return values from Fprintln are // those returned by the underlying io.Writer. if err != nil { fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Fprintln: %v\n", err) } fmt.Println(n, "bytes written.") } </pre> <pre><span class="Documentation-exampleOutputLabel">Output:</span> <span class="Documentation-exampleOutput">Kim is 22 years old. 21 bytes written. </span></pre> </div> <div class="Documentation-exampleButtonsContainer"> <p class="Documentation-exampleError" role="alert" aria-atomic="true"></p> <button class="Documentation-exampleShareButton" aria-label="Share Code">Share</button> <button class="Documentation-exampleFormatButton" aria-label="Format Code">Format</button> <button class="Documentation-exampleRunButton" aria-label="Run Code">Run</button> </div></details> </div><div class="Documentation-function"> <h4 tabindex="-1" id="Fscan" data-kind="function" class="Documentation-functionHeader"> <span>func <a class="Documentation-source" href="https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/go1.23.3:src/fmt/scan.go;l=121">Fscan</a> <a class="Documentation-idLink" href="#Fscan" aria-label="Go to Fscan">¶</a></span> <span class="Documentation-sinceVersion"> </span> </h4> <div class="Documentation-declaration"> <pre>func Fscan(r <a href="/io">io</a>.<a href="/io#Reader">Reader</a>, a ...<a href="/builtin#any">any</a>) (n <a href="/builtin#int">int</a>, err <a href="/builtin#error">error</a>)</pre> </div> <p>Fscan scans text read from r, storing successive space-separated values into successive arguments. Newlines count as space. It returns the number of items successfully scanned. If that is less than the number of arguments, err will report why. </p> </div><div class="Documentation-function"> <h4 tabindex="-1" id="Fscanf" data-kind="function" class="Documentation-functionHeader"> <span>func <a class="Documentation-source" href="https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/go1.23.3:src/fmt/scan.go;l=141">Fscanf</a> <a class="Documentation-idLink" href="#Fscanf" aria-label="Go to Fscanf">¶</a></span> <span class="Documentation-sinceVersion"> </span> </h4> <div class="Documentation-declaration"> <pre>func Fscanf(r <a href="/io">io</a>.<a href="/io#Reader">Reader</a>, format <a href="/builtin#string">string</a>, a ...<a href="/builtin#any">any</a>) (n <a href="/builtin#int">int</a>, err <a href="/builtin#error">error</a>)</pre> </div> <p>Fscanf scans text read from r, storing successive space-separated values into successive arguments as determined by the format. It returns the number of items successfully parsed. Newlines in the input must match newlines in the format. </p> <details tabindex="-1" id="example-Fscanf" class="Documentation-exampleDetails js-exampleContainer"> <summary class="Documentation-exampleDetailsHeader">Example <a href="#example-Fscanf" aria-label="Go to Example">¶</a></summary> <div class="Documentation-exampleDetailsBody"> <pre class="Documentation-exampleCode"> package main import ( "fmt" "os" "strings" ) func main() { var ( i int b bool s string ) r := strings.NewReader("5 true gophers") n, err := fmt.Fscanf(r, "%d %t %s", &i, &b, &s) if err != nil { fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Fscanf: %v\n", err) } fmt.Println(i, b, s) fmt.Println(n) } </pre> <pre><span class="Documentation-exampleOutputLabel">Output:</span> <span class="Documentation-exampleOutput">5 true gophers 3 </span></pre> </div> <div class="Documentation-exampleButtonsContainer"> <p class="Documentation-exampleError" role="alert" aria-atomic="true"></p> <button class="Documentation-exampleShareButton" aria-label="Share Code">Share</button> <button class="Documentation-exampleFormatButton" aria-label="Format Code">Format</button> <button class="Documentation-exampleRunButton" aria-label="Run Code">Run</button> </div></details> </div><div class="Documentation-function"> <h4 tabindex="-1" id="Fscanln" data-kind="function" class="Documentation-functionHeader"> <span>func <a class="Documentation-source" href="https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/go1.23.3:src/fmt/scan.go;l=130">Fscanln</a> <a class="Documentation-idLink" href="#Fscanln" aria-label="Go to Fscanln">¶</a></span> <span class="Documentation-sinceVersion"> </span> </h4> <div class="Documentation-declaration"> <pre>func Fscanln(r <a href="/io">io</a>.<a href="/io#Reader">Reader</a>, a ...<a href="/builtin#any">any</a>) (n <a href="/builtin#int">int</a>, err <a href="/builtin#error">error</a>)</pre> </div> <p>Fscanln is similar to <a href="#Fscan">Fscan</a>, but stops scanning at a newline and after the final item there must be a newline or EOF. </p> <details tabindex="-1" id="example-Fscanln" class="Documentation-exampleDetails js-exampleContainer"> <summary class="Documentation-exampleDetailsHeader">Example <a href="#example-Fscanln" aria-label="Go to Example">¶</a></summary> <div class="Documentation-exampleDetailsBody"> <pre class="Documentation-exampleCode"> package main import ( "fmt" "io" "strings" ) func main() { s := `dmr 1771 1.61803398875 ken 271828 3.14159` r := strings.NewReader(s) var a string var b int var c float64 for { n, err := fmt.Fscanln(r, &a, &b, &c) if err == io.EOF { break } if err != nil { panic(err) } fmt.Printf("%d: %s, %d, %f\n", n, a, b, c) } } </pre> <pre><span class="Documentation-exampleOutputLabel">Output:</span> <span class="Documentation-exampleOutput">3: dmr, 1771, 1.618034 3: ken, 271828, 3.141590 </span></pre> </div> <div class="Documentation-exampleButtonsContainer"> <p class="Documentation-exampleError" role="alert" aria-atomic="true"></p> <button class="Documentation-exampleShareButton" aria-label="Share Code">Share</button> <button class="Documentation-exampleFormatButton" aria-label="Format Code">Format</button> <button class="Documentation-exampleRunButton" aria-label="Run Code">Run</button> </div></details> </div><div class="Documentation-function"> <h4 tabindex="-1" id="Print" data-kind="function" class="Documentation-functionHeader"> <span>func <a class="Documentation-source" href="https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/go1.23.3:src/fmt/print.go;l=271">Print</a> <a class="Documentation-idLink" href="#Print" aria-label="Go to Print">¶</a></span> <span class="Documentation-sinceVersion"> </span> </h4> <div class="Documentation-declaration"> <pre>func Print(a ...<a href="/builtin#any">any</a>) (n <a href="/builtin#int">int</a>, err <a href="/builtin#error">error</a>)</pre> </div> <p>Print formats using the default formats for its operands and writes to standard output. Spaces are added between operands when neither is a string. It returns the number of bytes written and any write error encountered. </p> <details tabindex="-1" id="example-Print" class="Documentation-exampleDetails js-exampleContainer"> <summary class="Documentation-exampleDetailsHeader">Example <a href="#example-Print" aria-label="Go to Example">¶</a></summary> <div class="Documentation-exampleDetailsBody"> <pre class="Documentation-exampleCode"> package main import ( "fmt" ) func main() { const name, age = "Kim", 22 fmt.Print(name, " is ", age, " years old.\n") // It is conventional not to worry about any // error returned by Print. } </pre> <pre><span class="Documentation-exampleOutputLabel">Output:</span> <span class="Documentation-exampleOutput">Kim is 22 years old. </span></pre> </div> <div class="Documentation-exampleButtonsContainer"> <p class="Documentation-exampleError" role="alert" aria-atomic="true"></p> <button class="Documentation-exampleShareButton" aria-label="Share Code">Share</button> <button class="Documentation-exampleFormatButton" aria-label="Format Code">Format</button> <button class="Documentation-exampleRunButton" aria-label="Run Code">Run</button> </div></details> </div><div class="Documentation-function"> <h4 tabindex="-1" id="Printf" data-kind="function" class="Documentation-functionHeader"> <span>func <a class="Documentation-source" href="https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/go1.23.3:src/fmt/print.go;l=232">Printf</a> <a class="Documentation-idLink" href="#Printf" aria-label="Go to Printf">¶</a></span> <span class="Documentation-sinceVersion"> </span> </h4> <div class="Documentation-declaration"> <pre>func Printf(format <a href="/builtin#string">string</a>, a ...<a href="/builtin#any">any</a>) (n <a href="/builtin#int">int</a>, err <a href="/builtin#error">error</a>)</pre> </div> <p>Printf formats according to a format specifier and writes to standard output. It returns the number of bytes written and any write error encountered. </p> <details tabindex="-1" id="example-Printf" class="Documentation-exampleDetails js-exampleContainer"> <summary class="Documentation-exampleDetailsHeader">Example <a href="#example-Printf" aria-label="Go to Example">¶</a></summary> <div class="Documentation-exampleDetailsBody"> <pre class="Documentation-exampleCode"> package main import ( "fmt" ) func main() { const name, age = "Kim", 22 fmt.Printf("%s is %d years old.\n", name, age) // It is conventional not to worry about any // error returned by Printf. } </pre> <pre><span class="Documentation-exampleOutputLabel">Output:</span> <span class="Documentation-exampleOutput">Kim is 22 years old. </span></pre> </div> <div class="Documentation-exampleButtonsContainer"> <p class="Documentation-exampleError" role="alert" aria-atomic="true"></p> <button class="Documentation-exampleShareButton" aria-label="Share Code">Share</button> <button class="Documentation-exampleFormatButton" aria-label="Format Code">Format</button> <button class="Documentation-exampleRunButton" aria-label="Run Code">Run</button> </div></details> </div><div class="Documentation-function"> <h4 tabindex="-1" id="Println" data-kind="function" class="Documentation-functionHeader"> <span>func <a class="Documentation-source" href="https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/go1.23.3:src/fmt/print.go;l=313">Println</a> <a class="Documentation-idLink" href="#Println" aria-label="Go to Println">¶</a></span> <span class="Documentation-sinceVersion"> </span> </h4> <div class="Documentation-declaration"> <pre>func Println(a ...<a href="/builtin#any">any</a>) (n <a href="/builtin#int">int</a>, err <a href="/builtin#error">error</a>)</pre> </div> <p>Println formats using the default formats for its operands and writes to standard output. Spaces are always added between operands and a newline is appended. It returns the number of bytes written and any write error encountered. </p> <details tabindex="-1" id="example-Println" class="Documentation-exampleDetails js-exampleContainer"> <summary class="Documentation-exampleDetailsHeader">Example <a href="#example-Println" aria-label="Go to Example">¶</a></summary> <div class="Documentation-exampleDetailsBody"> <pre class="Documentation-exampleCode"> package main import ( "fmt" ) func main() { const name, age = "Kim", 22 fmt.Println(name, "is", age, "years old.") // It is conventional not to worry about any // error returned by Println. } </pre> <pre><span class="Documentation-exampleOutputLabel">Output:</span> <span class="Documentation-exampleOutput">Kim is 22 years old. </span></pre> </div> <div class="Documentation-exampleButtonsContainer"> <p class="Documentation-exampleError" role="alert" aria-atomic="true"></p> <button class="Documentation-exampleShareButton" aria-label="Share Code">Share</button> <button class="Documentation-exampleFormatButton" aria-label="Format Code">Format</button> <button class="Documentation-exampleRunButton" aria-label="Run Code">Run</button> </div></details> </div><div class="Documentation-function"> <h4 tabindex="-1" id="Scan" data-kind="function" class="Documentation-functionHeader"> <span>func <a class="Documentation-source" href="https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/go1.23.3:src/fmt/scan.go;l=63">Scan</a> <a class="Documentation-idLink" href="#Scan" aria-label="Go to Scan">¶</a></span> <span class="Documentation-sinceVersion"> </span> </h4> <div class="Documentation-declaration"> <pre>func Scan(a ...<a href="/builtin#any">any</a>) (n <a href="/builtin#int">int</a>, err <a href="/builtin#error">error</a>)</pre> </div> <p>Scan scans text read from standard input, storing successive space-separated values into successive arguments. Newlines count as space. It returns the number of items successfully scanned. If that is less than the number of arguments, err will report why. </p> </div><div class="Documentation-function"> <h4 tabindex="-1" id="Scanf" data-kind="function" class="Documentation-functionHeader"> <span>func <a class="Documentation-source" href="https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/go1.23.3:src/fmt/scan.go;l=80">Scanf</a> <a class="Documentation-idLink" href="#Scanf" aria-label="Go to Scanf">¶</a></span> <span class="Documentation-sinceVersion"> </span> </h4> <div class="Documentation-declaration"> <pre>func Scanf(format <a href="/builtin#string">string</a>, a ...<a href="/builtin#any">any</a>) (n <a href="/builtin#int">int</a>, err <a href="/builtin#error">error</a>)</pre> </div> <p>Scanf scans text read from standard input, storing successive space-separated values into successive arguments as determined by the format. It returns the number of items successfully scanned. If that is less than the number of arguments, err will report why. Newlines in the input must match newlines in the format. The one exception: the verb %c always scans the next rune in the input, even if it is a space (or tab etc.) or newline. </p> </div><div class="Documentation-function"> <h4 tabindex="-1" id="Scanln" data-kind="function" class="Documentation-functionHeader"> <span>func <a class="Documentation-source" href="https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/go1.23.3:src/fmt/scan.go;l=69">Scanln</a> <a class="Documentation-idLink" href="#Scanln" aria-label="Go to Scanln">¶</a></span> <span class="Documentation-sinceVersion"> </span> </h4> <div class="Documentation-declaration"> <pre>func Scanln(a ...<a href="/builtin#any">any</a>) (n <a href="/builtin#int">int</a>, err <a href="/builtin#error">error</a>)</pre> </div> <p>Scanln is similar to <a href="#Scan">Scan</a>, but stops scanning at a newline and after the final item there must be a newline or EOF. </p> </div><div class="Documentation-function"> <h4 tabindex="-1" id="Sprint" data-kind="function" class="Documentation-functionHeader"> <span>func <a class="Documentation-source" href="https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/go1.23.3:src/fmt/print.go;l=277">Sprint</a> <a class="Documentation-idLink" href="#Sprint" aria-label="Go to Sprint">¶</a></span> <span class="Documentation-sinceVersion"> </span> </h4> <div class="Documentation-declaration"> <pre>func Sprint(a ...<a href="/builtin#any">any</a>) <a href="/builtin#string">string</a></pre> </div> <p>Sprint formats using the default formats for its operands and returns the resulting string. Spaces are added between operands when neither is a string. </p> <details tabindex="-1" id="example-Sprint" class="Documentation-exampleDetails js-exampleContainer"> <summary class="Documentation-exampleDetailsHeader">Example <a href="#example-Sprint" aria-label="Go to Example">¶</a></summary> <div class="Documentation-exampleDetailsBody"> <pre class="Documentation-exampleCode"> package main import ( "fmt" "io" "os" ) func main() { const name, age = "Kim", 22 s := fmt.Sprint(name, " is ", age, " years old.\n") io.WriteString(os.Stdout, s) // Ignoring error for simplicity. } </pre> <pre><span class="Documentation-exampleOutputLabel">Output:</span> <span class="Documentation-exampleOutput">Kim is 22 years old. </span></pre> </div> <div class="Documentation-exampleButtonsContainer"> <p class="Documentation-exampleError" role="alert" aria-atomic="true"></p> <button class="Documentation-exampleShareButton" aria-label="Share Code">Share</button> <button class="Documentation-exampleFormatButton" aria-label="Format Code">Format</button> <button class="Documentation-exampleRunButton" aria-label="Run Code">Run</button> </div></details> </div><div class="Documentation-function"> <h4 tabindex="-1" id="Sprintf" data-kind="function" class="Documentation-functionHeader"> <span>func <a class="Documentation-source" href="https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/go1.23.3:src/fmt/print.go;l=237">Sprintf</a> <a class="Documentation-idLink" href="#Sprintf" aria-label="Go to Sprintf">¶</a></span> <span class="Documentation-sinceVersion"> </span> </h4> <div class="Documentation-declaration"> <pre>func Sprintf(format <a href="/builtin#string">string</a>, a ...<a href="/builtin#any">any</a>) <a href="/builtin#string">string</a></pre> </div> <p>Sprintf formats according to a format specifier and returns the resulting string. </p> <details tabindex="-1" id="example-Sprintf" class="Documentation-exampleDetails js-exampleContainer"> <summary class="Documentation-exampleDetailsHeader">Example <a href="#example-Sprintf" aria-label="Go to Example">¶</a></summary> <div class="Documentation-exampleDetailsBody"> <pre class="Documentation-exampleCode"> package main import ( "fmt" "io" "os" ) func main() { const name, age = "Kim", 22 s := fmt.Sprintf("%s is %d years old.\n", name, age) io.WriteString(os.Stdout, s) // Ignoring error for simplicity. } </pre> <pre><span class="Documentation-exampleOutputLabel">Output:</span> <span class="Documentation-exampleOutput">Kim is 22 years old. </span></pre> </div> <div class="Documentation-exampleButtonsContainer"> <p class="Documentation-exampleError" role="alert" aria-atomic="true"></p> <button class="Documentation-exampleShareButton" aria-label="Share Code">Share</button> <button class="Documentation-exampleFormatButton" aria-label="Format Code">Format</button> <button class="Documentation-exampleRunButton" aria-label="Run Code">Run</button> </div></details> </div><div class="Documentation-function"> <h4 tabindex="-1" id="Sprintln" data-kind="function" class="Documentation-functionHeader"> <span>func <a class="Documentation-source" href="https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/go1.23.3:src/fmt/print.go;l=319">Sprintln</a> <a class="Documentation-idLink" href="#Sprintln" aria-label="Go to Sprintln">¶</a></span> <span class="Documentation-sinceVersion"> </span> </h4> <div class="Documentation-declaration"> <pre>func Sprintln(a ...<a href="/builtin#any">any</a>) <a href="/builtin#string">string</a></pre> </div> <p>Sprintln formats using the default formats for its operands and returns the resulting string. Spaces are always added between operands and a newline is appended. </p> <details tabindex="-1" id="example-Sprintln" class="Documentation-exampleDetails js-exampleContainer"> <summary class="Documentation-exampleDetailsHeader">Example <a href="#example-Sprintln" aria-label="Go to Example">¶</a></summary> <div class="Documentation-exampleDetailsBody"> <pre class="Documentation-exampleCode"> package main import ( "fmt" "io" "os" ) func main() { const name, age = "Kim", 22 s := fmt.Sprintln(name, "is", age, "years old.") io.WriteString(os.Stdout, s) // Ignoring error for simplicity. } </pre> <pre><span class="Documentation-exampleOutputLabel">Output:</span> <span class="Documentation-exampleOutput">Kim is 22 years old. </span></pre> </div> <div class="Documentation-exampleButtonsContainer"> <p class="Documentation-exampleError" role="alert" aria-atomic="true"></p> <button class="Documentation-exampleShareButton" aria-label="Share Code">Share</button> <button class="Documentation-exampleFormatButton" aria-label="Format Code">Format</button> <button class="Documentation-exampleRunButton" aria-label="Run Code">Run</button> </div></details> </div><div class="Documentation-function"> <h4 tabindex="-1" id="Sscan" data-kind="function" class="Documentation-functionHeader"> <span>func <a class="Documentation-source" href="https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/go1.23.3:src/fmt/scan.go;l=99">Sscan</a> <a class="Documentation-idLink" href="#Sscan" aria-label="Go to Sscan">¶</a></span> <span class="Documentation-sinceVersion"> </span> </h4> <div class="Documentation-declaration"> <pre>func Sscan(str <a href="/builtin#string">string</a>, a ...<a href="/builtin#any">any</a>) (n <a href="/builtin#int">int</a>, err <a href="/builtin#error">error</a>)</pre> </div> <p>Sscan scans the argument string, storing successive space-separated values into successive arguments. Newlines count as space. It returns the number of items successfully scanned. If that is less than the number of arguments, err will report why. </p> </div><div class="Documentation-function"> <h4 tabindex="-1" id="Sscanf" data-kind="function" class="Documentation-functionHeader"> <span>func <a class="Documentation-source" href="https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/go1.23.3:src/fmt/scan.go;l=113">Sscanf</a> <a class="Documentation-idLink" href="#Sscanf" aria-label="Go to Sscanf">¶</a></span> <span class="Documentation-sinceVersion"> </span> </h4> <div class="Documentation-declaration"> <pre>func Sscanf(str <a href="/builtin#string">string</a>, format <a href="/builtin#string">string</a>, a ...<a href="/builtin#any">any</a>) (n <a href="/builtin#int">int</a>, err <a href="/builtin#error">error</a>)</pre> </div> <p>Sscanf scans the argument string, storing successive space-separated values into successive arguments as determined by the format. It returns the number of items successfully parsed. Newlines in the input must match newlines in the format. </p> <details tabindex="-1" id="example-Sscanf" class="Documentation-exampleDetails js-exampleContainer"> <summary class="Documentation-exampleDetailsHeader">Example <a href="#example-Sscanf" aria-label="Go to Example">¶</a></summary> <div class="Documentation-exampleDetailsBody"> <pre class="Documentation-exampleCode"> package main import ( "fmt" ) func main() { var name string var age int n, err := fmt.Sscanf("Kim is 22 years old", "%s is %d years old", &name, &age) if err != nil { panic(err) } fmt.Printf("%d: %s, %d\n", n, name, age) } </pre> <pre><span class="Documentation-exampleOutputLabel">Output:</span> <span class="Documentation-exampleOutput">2: Kim, 22 </span></pre> </div> <div class="Documentation-exampleButtonsContainer"> <p class="Documentation-exampleError" role="alert" aria-atomic="true"></p> <button class="Documentation-exampleShareButton" aria-label="Share Code">Share</button> <button class="Documentation-exampleFormatButton" aria-label="Format Code">Format</button> <button class="Documentation-exampleRunButton" aria-label="Run Code">Run</button> </div></details> </div><div class="Documentation-function"> <h4 tabindex="-1" id="Sscanln" data-kind="function" class="Documentation-functionHeader"> <span>func <a class="Documentation-source" href="https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/go1.23.3:src/fmt/scan.go;l=105">Sscanln</a> <a class="Documentation-idLink" href="#Sscanln" aria-label="Go to Sscanln">¶</a></span> <span class="Documentation-sinceVersion"> </span> </h4> <div class="Documentation-declaration"> <pre>func Sscanln(str <a href="/builtin#string">string</a>, a ...<a href="/builtin#any">any</a>) (n <a href="/builtin#int">int</a>, err <a href="/builtin#error">error</a>)</pre> </div> <p>Sscanln is similar to <a href="#Sscan">Sscan</a>, but stops scanning at a newline and after the final item there must be a newline or EOF. </p> </div></section> <h3 tabindex="-1" id="pkg-types" class="Documentation-typesHeader">Types <a href="#pkg-types" aria-label="Go to Types">¶</a></h3> <section class="Documentation-types"><div class="Documentation-type"> <h4 tabindex="-1" id="Formatter" data-kind="type" class="Documentation-typeHeader"> <span>type <a class="Documentation-source" href="https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/go1.23.3:src/fmt/print.go;l=54">Formatter</a> <a class="Documentation-idLink" href="#Formatter" aria-label="Go to Formatter">¶</a></span> <span class="Documentation-sinceVersion"> </span> </h4> <div class="Documentation-declaration"> <pre>type Formatter interface { <span id="Formatter.Format" data-kind="method"> Format(f <a href="#State">State</a>, verb <a href="/builtin#rune">rune</a>) </span>}</pre> </div> <p>Formatter is implemented by any value that has a Format method. The implementation controls how <a href="#State">State</a> and rune are interpreted, and may call <a href="#Sprint">Sprint</a> or <a href="#Fprint">Fprint</a>(f) etc. to generate its output. </p> </div><div class="Documentation-type"> <h4 tabindex="-1" id="GoStringer" data-kind="type" class="Documentation-typeHeader"> <span>type <a class="Documentation-source" href="https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/go1.23.3:src/fmt/print.go;l=71">GoStringer</a> <a class="Documentation-idLink" href="#GoStringer" aria-label="Go to GoStringer">¶</a></span> <span class="Documentation-sinceVersion"> </span> </h4> <div class="Documentation-declaration"> <pre>type GoStringer interface { <span id="GoStringer.GoString" data-kind="method"> GoString() <a href="/builtin#string">string</a> </span>}</pre> </div> <p>GoStringer is implemented by any value that has a GoString method, which defines the Go syntax for that value. The GoString method is used to print values passed as an operand to a %#v format. </p> <details tabindex="-1" id="example-GoStringer" class="Documentation-exampleDetails js-exampleContainer"> <summary class="Documentation-exampleDetailsHeader">Example <a href="#example-GoStringer" aria-label="Go to Example">¶</a></summary> <div class="Documentation-exampleDetailsBody"> <pre class="Documentation-exampleCode"> package main import ( "fmt" ) // Address has a City, State and a Country. type Address struct { City string State string Country string } // Person has a Name, Age and Address. type Person struct { Name string Age uint Addr *Address } // GoString makes Person satisfy the GoStringer interface. // The return value is valid Go code that can be used to reproduce the Person struct. func (p Person) GoString() string { if p.Addr != nil { return fmt.Sprintf("Person{Name: %q, Age: %d, Addr: &Address{City: %q, State: %q, Country: %q}}", p.Name, int(p.Age), p.Addr.City, p.Addr.State, p.Addr.Country) } return fmt.Sprintf("Person{Name: %q, Age: %d}", p.Name, int(p.Age)) } func main() { p1 := Person{ Name: "Warren", Age: 31, Addr: &Address{ City: "Denver", State: "CO", Country: "U.S.A.", }, } // If GoString() wasn't implemented, the output of `fmt.Printf("%#v", p1)` would be similar to // Person{Name:"Warren", Age:0x1f, Addr:(*main.Address)(0x10448240)} fmt.Printf("%#v\n", p1) p2 := Person{ Name: "Theia", Age: 4, } // If GoString() wasn't implemented, the output of `fmt.Printf("%#v", p2)` would be similar to // Person{Name:"Theia", Age:0x4, Addr:(*main.Address)(nil)} fmt.Printf("%#v\n", p2) } </pre> <pre><span class="Documentation-exampleOutputLabel">Output:</span> <span class="Documentation-exampleOutput">Person{Name: "Warren", Age: 31, Addr: &Address{City: "Denver", State: "CO", Country: "U.S.A."}} Person{Name: "Theia", Age: 4} </span></pre> </div> <div class="Documentation-exampleButtonsContainer"> <p class="Documentation-exampleError" role="alert" aria-atomic="true"></p> <button class="Documentation-exampleShareButton" aria-label="Share Code">Share</button> <button class="Documentation-exampleFormatButton" aria-label="Format Code">Format</button> <button class="Documentation-exampleRunButton" aria-label="Run Code">Run</button> </div></details> </div><div class="Documentation-type"> <h4 tabindex="-1" id="ScanState" data-kind="type" class="Documentation-typeHeader"> <span>type <a class="Documentation-source" href="https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/go1.23.3:src/fmt/scan.go;l=21">ScanState</a> <a class="Documentation-idLink" href="#ScanState" aria-label="Go to ScanState">¶</a></span> <span class="Documentation-sinceVersion"> </span> </h4> <div class="Documentation-declaration"> <pre>type ScanState interface { <span id="ScanState.ReadRune" data-kind="method"> <span class="comment">// ReadRune reads the next rune (Unicode code point) from the input.</span> </span> <span class="comment">// If invoked during Scanln, Fscanln, or Sscanln, ReadRune() will</span> <span class="comment">// return EOF after returning the first '\n' or when reading beyond</span> <span class="comment">// the specified width.</span> ReadRune() (r <a href="/builtin#rune">rune</a>, size <a href="/builtin#int">int</a>, err <a href="/builtin#error">error</a>) <span id="ScanState.UnreadRune" data-kind="method"> <span class="comment">// UnreadRune causes the next call to ReadRune to return the same rune.</span> </span> UnreadRune() <a href="/builtin#error">error</a> <span id="ScanState.SkipSpace" data-kind="method"> <span class="comment">// SkipSpace skips space in the input. Newlines are treated appropriately</span> </span> <span class="comment">// for the operation being performed; see the package documentation</span> <span class="comment">// for more information.</span> SkipSpace() <span id="ScanState.Token" data-kind="method"> <span class="comment">// Token skips space in the input if skipSpace is true, then returns the</span> </span> <span class="comment">// run of Unicode code points c satisfying f(c). If f is nil,</span> <span class="comment">// !unicode.IsSpace(c) is used; that is, the token will hold non-space</span> <span class="comment">// characters. Newlines are treated appropriately for the operation being</span> <span class="comment">// performed; see the package documentation for more information.</span> <span class="comment">// The returned slice points to shared data that may be overwritten</span> <span class="comment">// by the next call to Token, a call to a Scan function using the ScanState</span> <span class="comment">// as input, or when the calling Scan method returns.</span> Token(skipSpace <a href="/builtin#bool">bool</a>, f func(<a href="/builtin#rune">rune</a>) <a href="/builtin#bool">bool</a>) (token []<a href="/builtin#byte">byte</a>, err <a href="/builtin#error">error</a>) <span id="ScanState.Width" data-kind="method"> <span class="comment">// Width returns the value of the width option and whether it has been set.</span> </span> <span class="comment">// The unit is Unicode code points.</span> Width() (wid <a href="/builtin#int">int</a>, ok <a href="/builtin#bool">bool</a>) <span id="ScanState.Read" data-kind="method"> <span class="comment">// Because ReadRune is implemented by the interface, Read should never be</span> </span> <span class="comment">// called by the scanning routines and a valid implementation of</span> <span class="comment">// ScanState may choose always to return an error from Read.</span> Read(buf []<a href="/builtin#byte">byte</a>) (n <a href="/builtin#int">int</a>, err <a href="/builtin#error">error</a>) }</pre> </div> <p>ScanState represents the scanner state passed to custom scanners. Scanners may do rune-at-a-time scanning or ask the ScanState to discover the next space-delimited token. </p> </div><div class="Documentation-type"> <h4 tabindex="-1" id="Scanner" data-kind="type" class="Documentation-typeHeader"> <span>type <a class="Documentation-source" href="https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/go1.23.3:src/fmt/scan.go;l=55">Scanner</a> <a class="Documentation-idLink" href="#Scanner" aria-label="Go to Scanner">¶</a></span> <span class="Documentation-sinceVersion"> </span> </h4> <div class="Documentation-declaration"> <pre>type Scanner interface { <span id="Scanner.Scan" data-kind="method"> Scan(state <a href="#ScanState">ScanState</a>, verb <a href="/builtin#rune">rune</a>) <a href="/builtin#error">error</a> </span>}</pre> </div> <p>Scanner is implemented by any value that has a Scan method, which scans the input for the representation of a value and stores the result in the receiver, which must be a pointer to be useful. The Scan method is called for any argument to <a href="#Scan">Scan</a>, <a href="#Scanf">Scanf</a>, or <a href="#Scanln">Scanln</a> that implements it. </p> </div><div class="Documentation-type"> <h4 tabindex="-1" id="State" data-kind="type" class="Documentation-typeHeader"> <span>type <a class="Documentation-source" href="https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/go1.23.3:src/fmt/print.go;l=39">State</a> <a class="Documentation-idLink" href="#State" aria-label="Go to State">¶</a></span> <span class="Documentation-sinceVersion"> </span> </h4> <div class="Documentation-declaration"> <pre>type State interface { <span id="State.Write" data-kind="method"> <span class="comment">// Write is the function to call to emit formatted output to be printed.</span> </span> Write(b []<a href="/builtin#byte">byte</a>) (n <a href="/builtin#int">int</a>, err <a href="/builtin#error">error</a>) <span id="State.Width" data-kind="method"> <span class="comment">// Width returns the value of the width option and whether it has been set.</span> </span> Width() (wid <a href="/builtin#int">int</a>, ok <a href="/builtin#bool">bool</a>) <span id="State.Precision" data-kind="method"> <span class="comment">// Precision returns the value of the precision option and whether it has been set.</span> </span> Precision() (prec <a href="/builtin#int">int</a>, ok <a href="/builtin#bool">bool</a>) <span id="State.Flag" data-kind="method"> <span class="comment">// Flag reports whether the flag c, a character, has been set.</span> </span> Flag(c <a href="/builtin#int">int</a>) <a href="/builtin#bool">bool</a> }</pre> </div> <p>State represents the printer state passed to custom formatters. It provides access to the <a href="/io#Writer">io.Writer</a> interface plus information about the flags and options for the operand's format specifier. </p> </div><div class="Documentation-type"> <h4 tabindex="-1" id="Stringer" data-kind="type" class="Documentation-typeHeader"> <span>type <a class="Documentation-source" href="https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/go1.23.3:src/fmt/print.go;l=63">Stringer</a> <a class="Documentation-idLink" href="#Stringer" aria-label="Go to Stringer">¶</a></span> <span class="Documentation-sinceVersion"> </span> </h4> <div class="Documentation-declaration"> <pre>type Stringer interface { <span id="Stringer.String" data-kind="method"> String() <a href="/builtin#string">string</a> </span>}</pre> </div> <p>Stringer is implemented by any value that has a String method, which defines the “native” format for that value. The String method is used to print values passed as an operand to any format that accepts a string or to an unformatted printer such as <a href="#Print">Print</a>. </p> <details tabindex="-1" id="example-Stringer" class="Documentation-exampleDetails js-exampleContainer"> <summary class="Documentation-exampleDetailsHeader">Example <a href="#example-Stringer" aria-label="Go to Example">¶</a></summary> <div class="Documentation-exampleDetailsBody"> <pre class="Documentation-exampleCode"> package main import ( "fmt" ) // Animal has a Name and an Age to represent an animal. type Animal struct { Name string Age uint } // String makes Animal satisfy the Stringer interface. func (a Animal) String() string { return fmt.Sprintf("%v (%d)", a.Name, a.Age) } func main() { a := Animal{ Name: "Gopher", Age: 2, } fmt.Println(a) } </pre> <pre><span class="Documentation-exampleOutputLabel">Output:</span> <span class="Documentation-exampleOutput">Gopher (2) </span></pre> </div> <div class="Documentation-exampleButtonsContainer"> <p class="Documentation-exampleError" role="alert" aria-atomic="true"></p> <button class="Documentation-exampleShareButton" aria-label="Share Code">Share</button> <button class="Documentation-exampleFormatButton" aria-label="Format Code">Format</button> <button class="Documentation-exampleRunButton" aria-label="Run Code">Run</button> </div></details> </div></section></div> </div> </div> <div class="UnitFiles js-unitFiles"> <h2 class="UnitFiles-title" id="section-sourcefiles"> <img class="go-Icon" height="24" width="24" src="/static/shared/icon/insert_drive_file_gm_grey_24dp.svg" alt=""> Source Files <a class="UnitFiles-idLink" href="#section-sourcefiles" aria-label="Go to Source Files">¶</a> </h2> <div class="UnitFiles-titleLink"> <a href="https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/go1.23.3:src/fmt" target="_blank" rel="noopener">View all Source files</a> </div> <div> <ul class="UnitFiles-fileList"><li> <a href="https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/go1.23.3:src/fmt/doc.go" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="doc.go">doc.go</a> </li><li> <a href="https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/go1.23.3:src/fmt/errors.go" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="errors.go">errors.go</a> </li><li> <a href="https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/go1.23.3:src/fmt/format.go" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="format.go">format.go</a> </li><li> <a href="https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/go1.23.3:src/fmt/print.go" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="print.go">print.go</a> </li><li> <a href="https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/go1.23.3:src/fmt/scan.go" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="scan.go">scan.go</a> </li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="showInternal-description" hidden> Click to show internal directories. </div> <div id="hideInternal-description" hidden> Click to hide internal directories. </div> </article> <footer class="go-Main-footer"></footer> </main> <footer 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