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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industrial_collaborations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_collaborations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Industrial collaborations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_collaborations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Awards and honors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Roger D. Kornberg</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 64 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%BA" title="روجر كورنبيرغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روجر كورنبيرغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocer_Kornberq" title="Rocer Kornberq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rocer Kornberq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82" title="راجر کورنبرق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="راجر کورنبرق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97" title="রজার কর্নবার্গ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রজার কর্নবার্গ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Roger D. Kornberg" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Роджэр Корнберг – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Роджэр Корнберг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Роджър Корнбърг – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Роджър Корнбърг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_David_Kornberg" title="Roger David Kornberg – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Roger David Kornberg" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Roger D. Kornberg" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Roger D. Kornberg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Roger D. Kornberg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Kornberg" title="Roger Kornberg – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Roger Kornberg" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Kornberg" title="Roger Kornberg – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Roger Kornberg" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Roger D. Kornberg" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Roger D. Kornberg" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="راجر کورنبرگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راجر کورنبرگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Kornberg" title="Roger Kornberg – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Roger Kornberg" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Roger D. Kornberg" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Kornberg" title="Roger Kornberg – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Roger Kornberg" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Roger D. Kornberg" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EC%A0%80_%EC%BD%98%EB%B2%84%EA%B7%B8" title="로저 콘버그 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로저 콘버그" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D5%BB%D5%A5%D6%80_%D4%BF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Ռոջեր Կորնբերգ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռոջեր Կորնբերգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="रोजर डी कोर्नबर्ग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रोजर डी कोर्नबर्ग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Roger D. Kornberg" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Roger D. Kornberg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_David_Kornberg" title="Roger David Kornberg – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Roger David Kornberg" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%92%27%D7%A8_%D7%93%D7%95%D7%99%D7%93_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%92" title="רוג'ר דויד קורנברג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוג'ר דויד קורנברג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF.%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D" title="ರೋಜರ್ ಡಿ.ಕಾನ್ಬರ್ಗ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರೋಜರ್ ಡಿ.ಕಾನ್ಬರ್ಗ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="როჯერ კორნბერგი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="როჯერ კორნბერგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Роджер Дэвид Корнберг – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Роджер Дэвид Корнберг" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Kornberg" title="Roger Kornberg – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Roger Kornberg" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Roger D. Kornberg" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogerius_David_Kornberg" title="Rogerius David Kornberg – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Rogerius David Kornberg" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Kornberg" title="Roger Kornberg – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Roger Kornberg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF._%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D" title="റോജർ ഡി. കോൺബർഗ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റോജർ ഡി. കോൺബർഗ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="روجر كورنبيرج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روجر كورنبيرج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="راجر کورنبرگ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="راجر کورنبرگ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Roger D. Kornberg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Kornberg" title="Roger Kornberg – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Roger Kornberg" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B0" title="ロジャー・コーンバーグ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロジャー・コーンバーグ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Roger D. Kornberg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Roger D. Kornberg" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_David_Kornberg" title="Roger David Kornberg – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Roger David Kornberg" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="راجر کورنبرگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="راجر کورنبرگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_David_Kornberg" title="Roger David Kornberg – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Roger David Kornberg" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Kornberg" title="Roger Kornberg – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Roger Kornberg" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Kornberg" title="Roger Kornberg – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Roger Kornberg" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Roger D. Kornberg" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3,_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Корнберг, Роджер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Корнберг, Роджер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Roger D. Kornberg" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_David_Kornberg" title="Roger David Kornberg – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Roger David Kornberg" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%9F%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%94._%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Роџер Д. Корнберг – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Роџер Д. Корнберг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Kornberg" title="Roger Kornberg – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Roger Kornberg" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Roger D. Kornberg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="ரோஜர் கோர்ன்பெர்க் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ரோஜர் கோர்ன்பெர்க்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D2%97%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Роҗер Корнберг – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Роҗер Корнберг" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Kornberg" title="Roger Kornberg – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Roger Kornberg" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Роджер Девід Корнберг – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Роджер Девід Корнберг" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1_%DA%88%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="راجر ڈی کورنبرگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="راجر ڈی کورنبرگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Roger D. Kornberg" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%9D%B0%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E6%81%A9%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC" title="罗杰·科恩伯格 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="罗杰·科恩伯格" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Roger D. Kornberg" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%81%A9%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC" title="科恩伯格 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="科恩伯格" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%9D%B0%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E6%81%A9%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC" title="罗杰·科恩伯格 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="罗杰·科恩伯格" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American biochemist and professor of structural biology</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Roger Kornberg</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">ForMemRS</a><sup id="cite_ref-formemrs_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-formemrs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Roger_Kornberg_(Nobel_Medicine_or_Physiology_2006)_in_Stockholm,_June_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Roger_Kornberg_%28Nobel_Medicine_or_Physiology_2006%29_in_Stockholm%2C_June_2016.jpg/220px-Roger_Kornberg_%28Nobel_Medicine_or_Physiology_2006%29_in_Stockholm%2C_June_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Roger_Kornberg_%28Nobel_Medicine_or_Physiology_2006%29_in_Stockholm%2C_June_2016.jpg/330px-Roger_Kornberg_%28Nobel_Medicine_or_Physiology_2006%29_in_Stockholm%2C_June_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Roger_Kornberg_%28Nobel_Medicine_or_Physiology_2006%29_in_Stockholm%2C_June_2016.jpg/440px-Roger_Kornberg_%28Nobel_Medicine_or_Physiology_2006%29_in_Stockholm%2C_June_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="1235" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Kornberg in 2016</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1947-04-24</span>) </span>April 24, 1947<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 77)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis, Missouri</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (BS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> (PhD)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Transmission of genetic information from <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> to <a href="/wiki/RNA" title="RNA">RNA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Yahli Lorch</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisa_Gross_Horwitz_Prize" title="Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize">Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_P._Sloan,_Jr._Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred P. Sloan, Jr. Prize">Alfred P. Sloan, Jr. Prize</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gairdner_Foundation_International_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Gairdner Foundation International Award">Gairdner Award</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Prize" title="Harvey Prize">Harvey Prize</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciba-Drew_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciba-Drew Award">Ciba-Drew Award</a> (1990)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Structural_biology" title="Structural biology">Structural biology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Medical_School" title="Harvard Medical School">Harvard Medical School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_of_Molecular_Biology" class="mw-redirect" title="Laboratory of Molecular Biology">Laboratory of Molecular Biology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.proquest.com/docview/302673759">The Diffusion of Phospholipids in Membranes</a></i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1972)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harden_M._McConnell" title="Harden M. McConnell">Harden M. McConnell</a><sup id="cite_ref-phd_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phd-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kornberg.stanford.edu">kornberg<wbr />.stanford<wbr />.edu</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RogerDKornberg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/RogerDKornberg.jpg/150px-RogerDKornberg.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/RogerDKornberg.jpg/225px-RogerDKornberg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/RogerDKornberg.jpg/300px-RogerDKornberg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="581" data-file-height="576" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Roger David Kornberg</b> (born April 24,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1947) is an American <a href="/wiki/Biochemist" title="Biochemist">biochemist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">professor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Structural_biology" title="Structural biology">structural biology</a> at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> School of Medicine. Kornberg was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a> in 2006 for his studies of the process by which genetic information from <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> is copied to <a href="/wiki/RNA" title="RNA">RNA</a>, "the molecular basis of <a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">eukaryotic</a> <a href="/wiki/Transcription_(genetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcription (genetics)">transcription</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-decadelong_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-decadelong-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_D._Kornberg&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kornberg was born in <a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis, Missouri</a>, into a <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a> family,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the eldest son of biochemist <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kornberg" title="Arthur Kornberg">Arthur Kornberg</a>, who won the Nobel Prize, and <a href="/wiki/Sylvy_Kornberg" title="Sylvy Kornberg">Sylvy Kornberg</a> who was also a biochemist. He earned his <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degree</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a> from <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> in 1967 and his <a href="/wiki/Ph.D." class="mw-redirect" title="Ph.D.">Ph.D.</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chemical_physics" title="Chemical physics">chemical physics</a> from Stanford in 1972 supervised by <a href="/wiki/Harden_M._McConnell" title="Harden M. McConnell">Harden M. McConnell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-phd_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phd-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_D._Kornberg&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kornberg became a <a href="/wiki/Postdoctoral_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Postdoctoral research">postdoctoral research</a> fellow at the <a href="/wiki/Laboratory_of_Molecular_Biology" class="mw-redirect" title="Laboratory of Molecular Biology">Laboratory of Molecular Biology</a> in Cambridge, England and then an Assistant Professor of Biological Chemistry at Harvard Medical School in 1976, before moving to his present position as Professor of Structural Biology at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_School_of_Medicine" title="Stanford University School of Medicine">Stanford Medical School</a> in 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-Vasmatkar_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vasmatkar-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2004, Kornberg has been the editor of the <i><a href="/wiki/Annual_Review_of_Biochemistry" title="Annual Review of Biochemistry">Annual Review of Biochemistry</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Richardson_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richardson-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He serves on the Board of Directors of <a href="/wiki/Annual_Reviews_(publisher)" title="Annual Reviews (publisher)">Annual Reviews</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_D._Kornberg&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roger.Kornberg.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Roger.Kornberg.JPG/150px-Roger.Kornberg.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Roger.Kornberg.JPG/225px-Roger.Kornberg.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Roger.Kornberg.JPG/300px-Roger.Kornberg.JPG 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="726" /></a><figcaption>Kornberg in 2006</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vice_President_Dick_Cheney_meets_with_the_2006_U.S._Nobel_Laureates,_Thursday,_November_30,_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vice_President_Dick_Cheney_meets_with_the_2006_U.S._Nobel_Laureates%2C_Thursday%2C_November_30%2C_2006.jpg/220px-Vice_President_Dick_Cheney_meets_with_the_2006_U.S._Nobel_Laureates%2C_Thursday%2C_November_30%2C_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vice_President_Dick_Cheney_meets_with_the_2006_U.S._Nobel_Laureates%2C_Thursday%2C_November_30%2C_2006.jpg/330px-Vice_President_Dick_Cheney_meets_with_the_2006_U.S._Nobel_Laureates%2C_Thursday%2C_November_30%2C_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vice_President_Dick_Cheney_meets_with_the_2006_U.S._Nobel_Laureates%2C_Thursday%2C_November_30%2C_2006.jpg/440px-Vice_President_Dick_Cheney_meets_with_the_2006_U.S._Nobel_Laureates%2C_Thursday%2C_November_30%2C_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="514" data-file-height="357" /></a><figcaption>Roger D. Kornberg (third from left) with <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fire" title="Andrew Fire">Andrew Fire</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Smoot" title="George Smoot">George Smoot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Craig_Mello" title="Craig Mello">Craig Mello</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather">John C. Mather</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Kornberg identified the role of RNA polymerase II and other proteins in DNA transcription, creating three-dimensional images of the protein cluster using <a href="/wiki/X-ray_crystallography" title="X-ray crystallography">X-ray crystallography</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stoddart_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stoddart-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kornberg and his research group have made several fundamental discoveries concerning the mechanisms and regulation of eukaryotic transcription. While a graduate student working with Harden McConnell at Stanford in the late 1960s, he discovered the "flip-flop" and lateral diffusion of phospholipids in bilayer membranes. Meanwhile, as a postdoctoral fellow working with <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Aaron Klug</a> and <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a> at the MRC in the 1970s, Kornberg discovered the <a href="/wiki/Nucleosome" title="Nucleosome">nucleosome</a> as the basic protein complex packaging chromosomal DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells (chromosomal DNA is often termed "<a href="/wiki/Chromatin" title="Chromatin">chromatin</a>" when it is bound to proteins in this manner).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within the nucleosome, Kornberg found that roughly 200 bp of DNA are wrapped around an octamer of histone proteins. With Yahli Lorch, Kornberg showed that a nucleosome on a promoter prevents the initiation of transcription, leading to the recognition of a functional role for the nucleosome, which serves as a general gene repressor.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kornberg's research group at <a href="/wiki/Stanford" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanford">Stanford</a> later succeeded in the development of a faithful transcription system from <a href="/wiki/Baker%27s_yeast" title="Baker's yeast">baker's yeast</a>, a simple unicellular eukaryote, which they then used to isolate in a purified form all of the several dozen proteins required for the transcription process. Through the work of Kornberg and others, it has become clear that these protein components are remarkably conserved across the full spectrum of eukaryotes, from yeast to human cells.<sup id="cite_ref-Capa_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Capa-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Using this system, Kornberg made the major discovery that transmission of gene regulatory signals to the RNA polymerase machinery is accomplished by an additional protein complex that they dubbed <a href="/wiki/Mediator_(coactivator)" title="Mediator (coactivator)"><i>Mediator</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As noted by the Nobel Prize committee, "the great complexity of eukaryotic organisms is actually enabled by the fine interplay between tissue-specific substances, enhancers in the DNA and Mediator. The discovery of Mediator is therefore a true milestone in the understanding of the transcription process."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the same time as Kornberg was pursuing these biochemical studies of the transcription process, he devoted two decades to the development of methods to visualize the atomic structure of RNA polymerase and its associated protein components.<sup id="cite_ref-Stoddart_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stoddart-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially, Kornberg took advantage of expertise with lipid membranes gained from his graduate studies to devise a technique for the formation of two-dimensional protein crystals on lipid bilayers. These 2D crystals could then be analyzed using electron microscopy to derive low-resolution images of the protein's structure. Eventually, Kornberg was able to use <a href="/wiki/X-ray_crystallography" title="X-ray crystallography">X-ray crystallography</a> to solve the <a href="/wiki/Protein_structure" title="Protein structure">3-dimensional structure</a> of RNA polymerase at atomic resolution.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has recently extended these studies to obtain structural images of RNA polymerase associated with accessory proteins.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through these studies, Kornberg has created an actual picture of how transcription works at a molecular level. According to the Nobel Prize committee, "the truly revolutionary aspect of the picture Kornberg has created is that it captures the process of transcription in full flow. What we see is an RNA-strand being constructed, and hence the exact positions of the DNA, polymerase and RNA during this process."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lipids_membrane">Lipids membrane</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_D._Kornberg&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Lipids membrane"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a graduate student at Stanford University, Kornberg's studied the rotation of phospholipids and defined for the first time the dynamics of lipids in the membrane.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kornberg called the movement of lipid from one leaflet to the other flip-flop because he had studied only a few years before electronic circuit elements called <a href="/wiki/Flip-flop_(electronics)" title="Flip-flop (electronics)">flip-flops</a>. The term gave rise to the naming of proteins called <a href="/wiki/Flippase" title="Flippase">flippases</a> and floppases.<sup id="cite_ref-Epand_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epand-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrial_collaborations">Industrial collaborations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_D._Kornberg&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Industrial collaborations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kornberg has served on the Scientific Advisory Boards of the following companies: Cocrystal Discovery, Inc (Chairman), <a href="/wiki/ChromaDex" title="ChromaDex">ChromaDex</a> Corporation (Chairman), <a href="/wiki/StemRad" title="StemRad">StemRad</a>, Ltd, Oplon Ltd (Chairman), and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Biosciences" title="Pacific Biosciences">Pacific Biosciences</a>. Kornberg has also been a director for the following companies: OphthaliX Inc., <a href="/wiki/Protalix_BioTherapeutics" title="Protalix BioTherapeutics">Protalix BioTherapeutics</a>, Can-Fite BioPharma, Ltd, Simploud and <a href="/wiki/Teva_Pharmaceutical_Industries,_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd.">Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd.</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_D._Kornberg&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Awards and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kornberg has received the following awards: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ul><li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Eli_Lilly_Award_in_Biological_Chemistry" title="Eli Lilly Award in Biological Chemistry">Eli Lilly Award in Biological Chemistry</a></li> <li>1982: Passano Award from the <a href="/wiki/Passano_Foundation" title="Passano Foundation">Passano Foundation</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Ciba-Drew_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciba-Drew Award">Ciba-Drew Award</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Prize" title="Harvey Prize">Harvey Prize</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Technion_%E2%80%93_Israel_Institute_of_Technology" title="Technion – Israel Institute of Technology">Technion – Israel Institute of Technology</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Gairdner_Foundation_International_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Gairdner Foundation International Award">Gairdner Foundation International Award</a></li> <li>2001: Hoppe-Seyler Award, Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Germany<sup id="cite_ref-Hartl2001_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hartl2001-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Welch_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Welch Award">Welch Award</a> in Chemistry</li> <li>2002: ASBMB-Merck Award<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Pasarow_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasarow Award">Pasarow Award</a> in Cancer Research</li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_Charles-Leopold_Mayer" title="Grand Prix Charles-Leopold Mayer">Grand Prix Charles-Leopold Mayer</a></li> <li>2003: Elected to <a href="/wiki/EMBO_Member" class="mw-redirect" title="EMBO Member">EMBO Membership</a> <sup id="cite_ref-membo_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-membo-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Massry_Prize" title="Massry Prize">Massry Prize</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Keck_School_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Keck School of Medicine">Keck School of Medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a> Cancer Research Foundation’s <a href="/wiki/Alfred_P._Sloan,_Jr._Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred P. Sloan, Jr. Prize">Alfred P. Sloan, Jr. Prize</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Dickson_Prize" title="Dickson Prize">Dickson Prize</a> from <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh" title="University of Pittsburgh">University of Pittsburgh</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Louisa_Gross_Horwitz_Prize" title="Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize">Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize</a> from <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a> Membership</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2009" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2009">2009: Elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS)</a><sup id="cite_ref-formemrs_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-formemrs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2012: Honorary Fellow, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ruppin.ac.il/en">Ruppin Academic Center</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_D._Kornberg&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Jewish Nobel laureates">List of Jewish Nobel laureates</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_D._Kornberg&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-phd-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-phd_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-phd_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKornberg1972" class="citation thesis cs1">Kornberg, Roger David (1972). <i>The Diffusion of Phospholipids in Membranes</i> (PhD thesis). Stanford University. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/38611465">38611465</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/302673759">302673759</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Diffusion+of+Phospholipids+in+Membranes&rft.degree=PhD&rft.inst=Stanford+University&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F38611465&rft.aulast=Kornberg&rft.aufirst=Roger+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+D.+Kornberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-formemrs-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-formemrs_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-formemrs_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnon2009" class="citation web cs1">Anon (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170321145843/https://collections.royalsociety.org/DServe.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqCmd=show.tcl&dsqSearch=(RefNo==%27EC%2F2009%2F48%27)">"Certificate of Election EC/2009/48: Roger D. Kornberg"</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.royalsociety.org/DServe.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqCmd=show.tcl&dsqSearch=(RefNo==%27EC%2F2009%2F48%27)">the original</a> on 2017-03-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Certificate+of+Election+EC%2F2009%2F48%3A+Roger+D.+Kornberg&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Royal+Society&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Anon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollections.royalsociety.org%2FDServe.exe%3FdsqIni%3DDserve.ini%26dsqApp%3DArchive%26dsqDb%3DCatalog%26dsqCmd%3Dshow.tcl%26dsqSearch%3D%28RefNo%3D%3D%2527EC%252F2009%252F48%2527%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+D.+Kornberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2006/kornberg/facts/">"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2006"</a>. <i>NobelPrize.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NobelPrize.org&rft.atitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Chemistry+2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Fchemistry%2F2006%2Fkornberg%2Ffacts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+D.+Kornberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mednews.stanford.edu/kornberg/">"Roger Kornberg wins the 2006 Nobel Prize in Chemistry"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_School_of_Medicine" title="Stanford University School of Medicine">Stanford University School of Medicine</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Roger+Kornberg+wins+the+2006+Nobel+Prize+in+Chemistry&rft.pub=Stanford+University+School+of+Medicine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmednews.stanford.edu%2Fkornberg%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+D.+Kornberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2006/press.html">"Press release: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2006"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Swedish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences">Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+release%3A+The+Nobel+Prize+in+Chemistry+2006&rft.pub=Royal+Swedish+Academy+of+Sciences&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F2006%2Fpress.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+D.+Kornberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-decadelong-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-decadelong_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNAl.2009" class="citation journal cs1">N, Kresge; Al., Et (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2785628">"The Decade-long Pursuit of a Reconstituted Yeast Transcription System: the Work of Roger D. Kornberg"</a>. <i>J Biol Chem</i>. <b>284</b> (43): e18-20. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0021-9258%2820%2938209-0">10.1016/S0021-9258(20)38209-0</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2785628">2785628</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19847957">19847957</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+Biol+Chem&rft.atitle=The+Decade-long+Pursuit+of+a+Reconstituted+Yeast+Transcription+System%3A+the+Work+of+Roger+D.+Kornberg&rft.volume=284&rft.issue=43&rft.pages=e18-20&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2785628%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19847957&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0021-9258%2820%2938209-0&rft.aulast=N&rft.aufirst=Kresge&rft.au=Al.%2C+Et&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2785628&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+D.+Kornberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/5405638.stm">BBC News report of Kornberg's Nobel Prize win</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2006/kornberg-lecture.html">Kornberg Nobel Prize lecture</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2006/index.html">The Nobel Foundation 2006 prizes in Chemistry</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jinfo.org/Nobels_Chemistry.html">"Jewish Nobel Prize Winners in Chemistry"</a>. <i>www.jinfo.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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India: Educreation Publishing. p. 99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9388910743" title="Special:BookSources/978-9388910743"><bdi>978-9388910743</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Structural Basis of Transcription: An RNA Polymerase II-TFIIB Cocrystal at 4.5 Angstroms". <i>Science</i>. <b>303</b> (5660): 983–988. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004Sci...303..983B">2004Sci...303..983B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1090838">10.1126/science.1090838</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075">0036-8075</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14963322">14963322</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:36598301">36598301</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Structural+Basis+of+Transcription%3A+An+RNA+Polymerase+II-TFIIB+Cocrystal+at+4.5+Angstroms&rft.volume=303&rft.issue=5660&rft.pages=983-988&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A36598301%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004Sci...303..983B&rft.issn=0036-8075&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1090838&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14963322&rft.aulast=Bushnell&rft.aufirst=D.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+D.+Kornberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2006/press.html">A family story about life</a> 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKornbergMcConnell1971" class="citation journal cs1">Kornberg, RD; McConnell, HM (October 1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC389469">"Lateral diffusion of phospholipids in a vesicle membrane"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i>. <b>68</b> (10): 2564–8. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1971PNAS...68.2564K">1971PNAS...68.2564K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.68.10.2564">10.1073/pnas.68.10.2564</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC389469">389469</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4332815">4332815</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Lateral+diffusion+of+phospholipids+in+a+vesicle+membrane.&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=2564-8&rft.date=1971-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC389469%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F4332815&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.68.10.2564&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1971PNAS...68.2564K&rft.aulast=Kornberg&rft.aufirst=RD&rft.au=McConnell%2C+HM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC389469&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+D.+Kornberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Epand-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Epand_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEpandRuysschaert2017" class="citation book cs1">Epand, Richard M.; Ruysschaert, Jean-Marie (September 25, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8ps3DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA33"><i>The biophysics of cell membranes : biological consequences</i></a>. Singapore: Springer. pp. 33–34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789811062438" title="Special:BookSources/9789811062438"><bdi>9789811062438</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+biophysics+of+cell+membranes+%3A+biological+consequences&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pages=33-34&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2017-09-25&rft.isbn=9789811062438&rft.aulast=Epand&rft.aufirst=Richard+M.&rft.au=Ruysschaert%2C+Jean-Marie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8ps3DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+D.+Kornberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hartl2001-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hartl2001_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartl2001" class="citation journal cs1">Hartl, Franz-Ulrich (2001). "Roger D. Kornberg Felix Hoppe-Seyler Lecturer 2001". <i>Biological Chemistry</i>. <b>382</b> (8): 1101–2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2FBC.2001.139">10.1515/BC.2001.139</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1431-6730">1431-6730</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11592389">11592389</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41857405">41857405</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Roger+D.+Kornberg+Felix+Hoppe-Seyler+Lecturer+2001&rft.volume=382&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=1101-2&rft.date=2001&rft.issn=1431-6730&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A41857405%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11592389&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2FBC.2001.139&rft.aulast=Hartl&rft.aufirst=Franz-Ulrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+D.+Kornberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-membo-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-membo_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://people.embo.org/profile/roger-d-kornberg">"Roger D. Kornberg"</a>. <i>people.embo.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=people.embo.org&rft.atitle=Roger+D.+Kornberg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpeople.embo.org%2Fprofile%2Froger-d-kornberg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+D.+Kornberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061019201634/http://www.gm.com/company/gmability/philanthropy/cancer_research/Alfreadsloan2005.htm">"The 2005 Alfred P. Sloan, Jr. Laureate"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gm.com/company/gmability/philanthropy/cancer_research/Alfreadsloan2005.htm">the original</a> on 2006-10-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-10-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+2005+Alfred+P.+Sloan%2C+Jr.+Laureate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gm.com%2Fcompany%2Fgmability%2Fphilanthropy%2Fcancer_research%2FAlfreadsloan2005.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+D.+Kornberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cumc.columbia.edu/horwitz/">The Official Site of Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_D._Kornberg&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scholia_logo.svg/40px-Scholia_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scholia_logo.svg/60px-Scholia_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scholia_logo.svg/80px-Scholia_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="107" data-file-height="104" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Scholia" class="extiw" title="d:Wikidata:Scholia">Scholia</a> has an <i>author</i> profile for <i><b><a href="https://iw.toolforge.org/scholia/author/Q170676" class="extiw" title="toolforge:scholia/author/Q170676">Roger D. 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Template:Nobel Prize in Chemistry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Template talk:Nobel Prize in Chemistry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel Prize in Chemistry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Chemistry" title="List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1901: <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van_%27t_Hoff" title="Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff">Jacobus van 't Hoff</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1902: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Fischer" title="Emil Fischer">Emil Fischer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1903: <a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Svante Arrhenius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1904: <a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">William Ramsay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1905: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer">Adolf von Baeyer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Moissan" title="Henri Moissan">Henri Moissan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1907: <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Buchner" title="Eduard Buchner">Eduard Buchner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1908: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1909: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Wilhelm Ostwald</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Wallach" title="Otto Wallach">Otto Wallach</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1911: <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1912: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Grignard" title="Victor Grignard">Victor Grignard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sabatier_(chemist)" title="Paul Sabatier (chemist)">Paul Sabatier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1913: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Werner" title="Alfred Werner">Alfred Werner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1914: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards" title="Theodore William Richards">Theodore Richards</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1915: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter" title="Richard Willstätter">Richard Willstätter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1916</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1917</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1918: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Fritz Haber</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1919</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1920: <a href="/wiki/Walther_Nernst" title="Walther Nernst">Walther Nernst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1921: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Soddy" title="Frederick Soddy">Frederick Soddy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston">Francis Aston</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1923: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Pregl" title="Fritz Pregl">Fritz Pregl</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1924</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Adolf_Zsigmondy" title="Richard Adolf Zsigmondy">Richard Zsigmondy</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Svedberg" title="Theodor Svedberg">Theodor Svedberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Otto_Wieland" title="Heinrich Otto Wieland">Heinrich Wieland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1928: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Windaus" title="Adolf Windaus">Adolf Windaus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Harden" title="Arthur Harden">Arthur Harden</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin" title="Hans von Euler-Chelpin">Hans von Euler-Chelpin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Fischer" title="Hans Fischer">Hans Fischer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1931: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bosch" title="Carl Bosch">Carl Bosch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius" title="Friedrich Bergius">Friedrich Bergius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1932: <a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Irving Langmuir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1933</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1934: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Urey" title="Harold Urey">Harold Urey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">Frédéric Joliot-Curie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie" title="Irène Joliot-Curie">Irène Joliot-Curie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Peter Debye</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Haworth" title="Norman Haworth">Norman Haworth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer">Paul Karrer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Richard Kuhn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1939: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt" title="Adolf Butenandt">Adolf Butenandt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Ru%C5%BEi%C4%8Dka" title="Leopold Ružička">Leopold Ružička</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1940</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1941</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1942</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1943: <a href="/wiki/George_de_Hevesy" title="George de Hevesy">George de Hevesy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Otto Hahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1945: <a href="/wiki/Artturi_Ilmari_Virtanen" title="Artturi Ilmari Virtanen">Artturi Virtanen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1946: <a href="/wiki/James_B._Sumner" title="James B. Sumner">James B. Sumner</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Northrop" title="John Howard Northrop">John Northrop</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Meredith_Stanley" title="Wendell Meredith Stanley">Wendell Meredith Stanley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1947: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson_(chemist)" title="Robert Robinson (chemist)">Robert Robinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1948: <a href="/wiki/Arne_Tiselius" title="Arne Tiselius">Arne Tiselius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1949: <a href="/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque">William Giauque</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1950: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Diels" title="Otto Diels">Otto Diels</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Alder" title="Kurt Alder">Kurt Alder</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1951: <a href="/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan">Edwin McMillan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn T. Seaborg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Archer_Martin" title="Archer Martin">Archer Martin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Laurence_Millington_Synge" title="Richard Laurence Millington Synge">Richard Synge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger" title="Hermann Staudinger">Hermann Staudinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1955: <a href="/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud" title="Vincent du Vigneaud">Vincent du Vigneaud</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1956: <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyril Norman Hinshelwood">Cyril Hinshelwood</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Semyonov" title="Nikolay Semyonov">Nikolay Semyonov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander R. Todd">Alexander Todd</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD" title="Jaroslav Heyrovský">Jaroslav Heyrovský</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Willard Libby</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Melvin Calvin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Max Perutz</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Kendrew" title="John Kendrew">John Kendrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ziegler" title="Karl Ziegler">Karl Ziegler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Giulio Natta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1964: <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Hodgkin">Dorothy Hodgkin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1965: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Woodward</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1966: <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Mulliken" title="Robert S. Mulliken">Robert S. Mulliken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1967: <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Manfred Eigen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ronald_George_Wreyford_Norrish" title="Ronald George Wreyford Norrish">Ronald Norrish</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">George Porter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1968: <a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Lars Onsager</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Derek_Barton" title="Derek Barton">Derek Barton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Odd_Hassel" title="Odd Hassel">Odd Hassel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Federico_Leloir" title="Luis Federico Leloir">Luis Federico Leloir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Gerhard Herzberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/Christian_B._Anfinsen" title="Christian B. Anfinsen">Christian B. Anfinsen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Moore" title="Stanford Moore">Stanford Moore</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Stein" title="William Howard Stein">William Stein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Otto_Fischer" title="Ernst Otto Fischer">Ernst Otto Fischer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">Geoffrey Wilkinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Flory" title="Paul Flory">Paul Flory</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">John Cornforth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog" title="Vladimir Prelog">Vladimir Prelog</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/William_Lipscomb" title="William Lipscomb">William Lipscomb</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Ilya Prigogine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Peter_D._Mitchell" title="Peter D. Mitchell">Peter D. Mitchell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_C._Brown" title="Herbert C. Brown">Herbert C. Brown</a> / <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wittig" title="Georg Wittig">Georg Wittig</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Paul Berg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Walter Gilbert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/Kenichi_Fukui" title="Kenichi Fukui">Kenichi Fukui</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Roald Hoffmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Aaron Klug</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Henry Taube</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield" title="Robert Bruce Merrifield">Robert Merrifield</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Hauptman" title="Herbert A. Hauptman">Herbert A. Hauptman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Karle" title="Jerome Karle">Jerome Karle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Dudley_R._Herschbach" title="Dudley R. Herschbach">Dudley R. Herschbach</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yuan_T._Lee" title="Yuan T. Lee">Yuan T. Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Polanyi" title="John Polanyi">John Polanyi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Cram" title="Donald J. Cram">Donald J. Cram</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Jean-Marie Lehn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Pedersen" title="Charles J. Pedersen">Charles J. Pedersen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer" title="Johann Deisenhofer">Johann Deisenhofer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Huber" title="Robert Huber">Robert Huber</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Michel" title="Hartmut Michel">Hartmut Michel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman">Sidney Altman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Thomas Cech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Elias Corey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Ernst" title="Richard R. Ernst">Richard R. Ernst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_A._Marcus" title="Rudolph A. Marcus">Rudolph A. Marcus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Kary_Mullis" title="Kary Mullis">Kary Mullis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith_(chemist)" title="Michael Smith (chemist)">Michael Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/George_Andrew_Olah" title="George Andrew Olah">George Olah</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen">Paul J. Crutzen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mario_Molina" title="Mario Molina">Mario Molina</a> / <a href="/wiki/F._Sherwood_Rowland" title="F. Sherwood Rowland">F. Sherwood Rowland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl">Robert Curl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harry_Kroto" title="Harry Kroto">Harold Kroto</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smalley" title="Richard Smalley">Richard Smalley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Boyer" title="Paul D. Boyer">Paul D. Boyer</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_E._Walker" title="John E. Walker">John E. Walker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jens_Christian_Skou" title="Jens Christian Skou">Jens Christian Skou</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Walter Kohn</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Pople" title="John Pople">John Pople</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Ahmed Zewail</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/Alan_J._Heeger" title="Alan J. Heeger">Alan J. Heeger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alan_MacDiarmid" title="Alan MacDiarmid">Alan MacDiarmid</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa" title="Hideki Shirakawa">Hideki Shirakawa</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/William_Standish_Knowles" title="William Standish Knowles">William Knowles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dji_Noyori" title="Ryōji Noyori">Ryoji Noyori</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">K. Barry Sharpless</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/John_B._Fenn" title="John B. Fenn">John B. Fenn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Koichi_Tanaka" title="Koichi Tanaka">Koichi Tanaka</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Kurt Wüthrich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Agre" title="Peter Agre">Peter Agre</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon" title="Roderick MacKinnon">Roderick MacKinnon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanover" title="Aaron Ciechanover">Aaron Ciechanover</a> / <a href="/wiki/Avram_Hershko" title="Avram Hershko">Avram Hershko</a> / <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Rose" title="Irwin Rose">Irwin Rose</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Grubbs" title="Robert H. Grubbs">Robert H. Grubbs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Schrock" title="Richard R. Schrock">Richard R. Schrock</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yves_Chauvin" title="Yves Chauvin">Yves Chauvin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Roger D. Kornberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Gerhard Ertl</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008: <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura">Osamu Shimomura</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Martin Chalfie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_Y._Tsien" title="Roger Y. Tsien">Roger Y. Tsien</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Venki_Ramakrishnan" title="Venki Ramakrishnan">Venkatraman Ramakrishnan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Steitz" title="Thomas A. Steitz">Thomas A. Steitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ada_Yonath" title="Ada Yonath">Ada E. Yonath</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Heck" title="Richard F. Heck">Richard F. Heck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Suzuki" title="Akira Suzuki">Akira Suzuki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ei-ichi_Negishi" title="Ei-ichi Negishi">Ei-ichi Negishi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Dan_Shechtman" title="Dan Shechtman">Dan Shechtman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Robert Lefkowitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kobilka" title="Brian Kobilka">Brian Kobilka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Karplus" title="Martin Karplus">Martin Karplus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Levitt_(biophysicist)" title="Michael Levitt (biophysicist)">Michael Levitt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arieh_Warshel" title="Arieh Warshel">Arieh Warshel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig">Eric Betzig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Stefan Hell</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner">William E. Moerner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015: <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl" title="Tomas Lindahl">Tomas Lindahl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_L._Modrich" title="Paul L. Modrich">Paul L. Modrich</a> / <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Sancar" title="Aziz Sancar">Aziz Sancar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage">Jean-Pierre Sauvage</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart">Fraser Stoddart</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Feringa" title="Ben Feringa">Ben Feringa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dubochet" title="Jacques Dubochet">Jacques Dubochet</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Frank" title="Joachim Frank">Joachim Frank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henderson_(biologist)" title="Richard Henderson (biologist)">Richard Henderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/wiki/Frances_Arnold" title="Frances Arnold">Frances Arnold</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Winter" title="Gregory Winter">Gregory Winter</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Smith_(chemist)" title="George Smith (chemist)">George Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019: <a href="/wiki/John_B._Goodenough" title="John B. Goodenough">John B. Goodenough</a> / <a href="/wiki/M._Stanley_Whittingham" title="M. Stanley Whittingham">M. Stanley Whittingham</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Akira Yoshino</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2020: <a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Emmanuelle Charpentier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Jennifer Doudna</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2021: <a href="/wiki/David_MacMillan" title="David MacMillan">David MacMillan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_List" title="Benjamin List">Benjamin List</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2022: <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Bertozzi" title="Carolyn Bertozzi">Carolyn R. Bertozzi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Morten_P._Meldal" title="Morten P. Meldal">Morten P. Meldal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">Karl Barry Sharpless</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2023: <a href="/wiki/Moungi_Bawendi" title="Moungi Bawendi">Moungi G. Bawendi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_E._Brus" title="Louis E. Brus">Louis E. Brus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alexey_Ekimov" title="Alexey Ekimov">Alexei I. Ekimov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2024: <a href="/wiki/David_Baker_(biochemist)" title="David Baker (biochemist)">David Baker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Demis_Hassabis" title="Demis Hassabis">Demis Hassabis</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_M._Jumper" title="John M. Jumper">John M. Jumper</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2006_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2006_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2006 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2006_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template talk:2006 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2006_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2006 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2006_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2006 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> laureates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Roger D. Kornberg</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/2006_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2006 Nobel Prize in Literature">2006</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orhan_Pamuk" title="Orhan Pamuk">Orhan Pamuk</a> (Turkey)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Muhammad Yunus</a> (Bangladesh)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grameen_Bank" title="Grameen Bank">Grameen Bank</a> (Bangladesh)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather">John C. Mather</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Smoot" title="George Smoot">George Smoot</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fire" title="Andrew Fire">Andrew Fire</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Mello" title="Craig Mello">Craig Mello</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economic Sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Phelps" title="Edmund Phelps">Edmund Phelps</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2001_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2001 Nobel Prize winners">2001</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2002_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2002 Nobel Prize winners">2002</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2003_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2003 Nobel Prize winners">2003</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2004_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2004 Nobel Prize winners">2004</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2005_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2005 Nobel Prize winners">2005</a></dd> <dd><b>2006 </b></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2007_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2007 Nobel Prize winners">2007</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2008_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2008 Nobel Prize winners">2008</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2009_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2009 Nobel Prize winners">2009</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2010_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2010 Nobel Prize winners">2010</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2011_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2011 Nobel Prize winners">2011</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Eli_Lilly_Award_in_Biological_Chemistry" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eli_Lilly_Award_in_Biological_Chemistry" title="Template:Eli Lilly Award in Biological Chemistry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eli_Lilly_Award_in_Biological_Chemistry" title="Template talk:Eli Lilly Award in Biological Chemistry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eli_Lilly_Award_in_Biological_Chemistry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eli Lilly Award in Biological Chemistry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Eli_Lilly_Award_in_Biological_Chemistry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Eli_Lilly_Award_in_Biological_Chemistry" title="Eli Lilly Award in Biological Chemistry">Eli Lilly Award in Biological Chemistry</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_M._Allen_(chemist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William M. Allen (chemist) (page does not exist)">William M. Allen</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_S._Alcott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harold S. Alcott (page does not exist)">Harold S. Alcott</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abraham_White&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abraham White (page does not exist)">Abraham White</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wald" title="George Wald">George Wald</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_G._Ball&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric G. Ball (page does not exist)">Eric G. Ball</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Rittenberg" title="David Rittenberg">David Rittenberg</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Evans_(scientist)" title="Earl Evans (scientist)"> Earl A. Evans, Jr.</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._E._Carter" title="H. E. Carter">Herbert E. Carter</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_S._Fruton" title="Joseph S. Fruton">Joseph S. Fruton</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Lauffer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Max Lauffer (page does not exist)">Max A. Lauffer</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Ferry" title="John D. Ferry">John D. Ferry</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Colowick" title="Sidney Colowick">Sidney Colowick</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dilworth_Woodley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dilworth Woodley (page does not exist)">Dilworth Woodley</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_M._Klotz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irving M. Klotz (page does not exist)">Irving M. Klotz</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Shive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Shive (page does not exist)">William Shive</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Buchanan_(biologist)" title="John Buchanan (biologist)">John M. Buchanan</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_M._Bonner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David M. Bonner (page does not exist)">David M. Bonner</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_O._Kaplan" title="Nathan O. Kaplan">Nathan O. Kaplan</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Itano" title="Harvey Itano">Harvey Itano</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Neuman" title="William F. Neuman">William F. Neuman</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Alberty" title="Robert A. Alberty">Robert A. Alberty</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_A._Scheraga" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold A. Scheraga">Harold A. Scheraga</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lester_J._Reed" title="Lester J. Reed">Lester J. Reed</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Paul Berg</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson">James Watson</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Crane_(biologist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Crane (biologist) (page does not exist)">Frederick Crane</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerard_Hurwitz" title="Jerard Hurwitz">Jerard Hurwitz</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jencks" title="William Jencks">William P. Jencks</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Ames" title="Bruce Ames">Bruce Ames</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Edelman" title="Gerald Edelman">Gerald M. Edelman</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillips_W._Robbins" class="mw-redirect" title="Phillips W. Robbins">Phillips W. Robbins</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Hammes" title="Gordon Hammes">Gordon G. Hammes</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_C._Richardson" title="Charles C. Richardson">Charles C. Richardson</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Capecchi" title="Mario Capecchi">Mario R. Capecchi</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubert_Stryer" title="Lubert Stryer">Lubert Stryer</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_F._Wilson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David F. Wilson (page does not exist)">David F. Wilson</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Alberts" title="Bruce Alberts">Bruce M. Alberts</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C._Fred_Fox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C. Fred Fox (page does not exist)">C. Fred Fox</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_E._Dahlberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James E. Dahlberg (page does not exist)">James E. Dahlberg</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Ptashne" title="Mark Ptashne">Mark Ptashne</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_A._Steitz" title="Joan A. Steitz">Joan A. Steitz</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_G._Roeder" title="Robert G. Roeder">Robert G. Roeder</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cantor" title="Charles Cantor">Charles R. Cantor</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_T._Walsh" title="Christopher T. Walsh">Christopher T. Walsh</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillip_Allen_Sharp" title="Phillip Allen Sharp">Phillip A. Sharp</a> (1980)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Roger D. Kornberg</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_M._Weintraub" title="Harold M. Weintraub">Harold M. Weintraub</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel">Richard Axel</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Goeddel" title="David Goeddel">David V. Goeddel</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_M._Rubin" title="Gerald M. Rubin">Gerald M. Rubin</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Rothman" title="James Rothman">James E. Rothman</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_K._Barton" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacqueline K. Barton">Jacqueline K. Barton</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Walter" title="Peter Walter">Peter Walter</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_M._Cox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael M. Cox (page does not exist)">Michael M. Cox</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McLendon" title="George McLendon">George L. McLendon</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_G._Schultz" title="Peter G. Schultz">Peter G. Schultz</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_DeGrado" title="William DeGrado">William DeGrado</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Schreiber" title="Stuart Schreiber">Stuart L. Schreiber</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_S._Kim" title="Peter S. Kim">Peter S. Kim</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_M._Berg" title="Jeremy M. Berg">Jeremy M. Berg</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_L._Verdine" title="Gregory L. Verdine">Gregory L. Verdine</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alanna_Schepartz" title="Alanna Schepartz">Alanna Schepartz</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kuriyan" title="John Kuriyan">John Kuriyan</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaitan_Khosla" title="Chaitan Khosla">Chaitan Khosla</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaodong_Wang_(biochemist)" title="Xiaodong Wang (biochemist)">Xiaodong Wang</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Jennifer Doudna</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevan_M._Shokat" class="mw-redirect" title="Kevan M. Shokat">Kevan M. Shokat</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Matouschek" title="Andreas Matouschek">Andreas Matouschek</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Cravatt_III" title="Benjamin Cravatt III">Benjamin Cravatt III</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewey_G._McCafferty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dewey G. McCafferty (page does not exist)">Dewey G. McCafferty</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Hsieh-Wilson" title="Linda Hsieh-Wilson">Linda Hsieh-Wilson</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_K._Mapp" title="Anna K. Mapp">Anna K. Mapp</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Hergenrother" title="Paul J. Hergenrother">Paul J. Hergenrother</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_K._Silverman" title="Scott K. Silverman">Scott K. Silverman</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Y._Ting" title="Alice Y. Ting">Alice Y. Ting</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathanael_Gray" title="Nathanael Gray">Nathanael Gray</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Chang" title="Christopher Chang">Christopher J. Chang</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthew_D._Disney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matthew D. Disney (page does not exist)">Matthew D. Disney</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yi_Tang_(chemist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yi Tang (chemist) (page does not exist)">Yi Tang</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minkui_Luo" title="Minkui Luo">Minkui Luo</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Nolan" title="Elizabeth Nolan">Elizabeth Nolan</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Hang" title="Howard Hang">Howard Hang</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradley_L._Pentelute" title="Bradley L. Pentelute">Bradley Pentelute</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neal_K._Devaraj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neal K. Devaraj (page does not exist)">Neal K. Devaraj</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yimon_Aye" title="Yimon Aye">Yimon Aye</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordan_L._Meier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jordan L. Meier (page does not exist)">Jordan L. Meier</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2009" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:FRS_2009" title="Template:FRS 2009"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:FRS_2009" title="Template talk:FRS 2009"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:FRS_2009" title="Special:EditPage/Template:FRS 2009"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2009" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellows</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> elected <a href="/wiki/List_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2009" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2009">in 2009</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fellows</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Anthony_Ainsworth" title="Robert Anthony Ainsworth">Robert Ainsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_J._Anderson" title="Ross J. Anderson">Ross J. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ashfold" title="Michael Ashfold">Michael Ashfold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Batty" title="Michael Batty">Michael Batty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Buck" title="Martin Buck">Martin Buck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Buneman" title="Peter Buneman">Peter Buneman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Michel Chrétien">Michel Chrétien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Clack" title="Jenny Clack">Jenny Clack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Duff_(physicist)" title="Michael Duff (physicist)">Michael Duff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Keith_Ellis" title="R. Keith Ellis">Richard Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Ellis_(plant_scientist)" title="Jeff Ellis (plant scientist)">Jeff Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Gimzewski" title="James Gimzewski">James Gimzewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Glover" title="David Glover">David Glover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Goodnow" title="Chris Goodnow">Chris Goodnow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Hall" title="Wendy Hall">Wendy Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Harberd" title="Nicholas Harberd">Nicholas Harberd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hardy_(geneticist)" title="John Hardy (geneticist)">John Hardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Hemmings" title="Brian Hemmings">Brian Hemmings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Holt" title="Christine Holt">Christine Holt</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21165680" class="extiw" title="d:Q21165680">Christopher Hunter</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Hutchings" title="Graham Hutchings">Graham Hutchings</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21165156" class="extiw" title="d:Q21165156">Peter Isaacson</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Keating" title="Jonathan Keating">Jonathan Keating</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21165944" class="extiw" title="d:Q21165944">Dimitris Kioussis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21166078" class="extiw" title="d:Q21166078">Stephen Larter</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Leigh_(scientist)" title="David Leigh (scientist)">David Leigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_J._C._MacKay" title="David J. C. MacKay">David MacKay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_B._McDonald" title="Arthur B. McDonald">Arthur B. McDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_McLean_(biologist)" title="Angela McLean (biologist)">Angela McLean</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21165890" class="extiw" title="d:Q21165890">David Owen</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Passingham" title="Richard Passingham">Richard Passingham</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21166763" class="extiw" title="d:Q21166763">Guy Richardson</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfram_Schultz" title="Wolfram Schultz">Wolfram Schultz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Shine" title="Keith Shine">Keith Shine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henning_Sirringhaus" title="Henning Sirringhaus">Henning Sirringhaus</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21166711" class="extiw" title="d:Q21166711">Maurice Skolnick</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Steel" title="Karen Steel">Karen Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Stevens" title="Malcolm Stevens">Malcolm Stevens</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21165512" class="extiw" title="d:Q21165512">Jesper Svejstrup</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Tennyson_(physicist)" title="Jonathan Tennyson (physicist)">Jonathan Tennyson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Todd_(British_biologist)" title="John Todd (British biologist)">John Todd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Totaro" title="Burt Totaro">Burt Totaro</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21165675" class="extiw" title="d:Q21165675">John Vederas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nicholas_Wood" title="John Nicholas Wood">John Wood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Holdren" title="John Holdren">John Holdren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Robert_Horvitz" title="H. Robert Horvitz">H. Robert Horvitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kailath" title="Thomas Kailath">Thomas Kailath</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Roger D. Kornberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_Sinai" title="Yakov Sinai">Yakov Sinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stiglitz" title="Joseph Stiglitz">Joseph Stiglitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Sunyaev" title="Rashid Sunyaev">Rashid Sunyaev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_D._Tanksley" title="Steven D. Tanksley">Steven D. Tanksley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Royal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wales" title="William, Prince of Wales">William, Prince of Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/93339747">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/258534/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhCGhk7GXM9bH6WPCJVYP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/173844871">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr89013580">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Kornberg, Roger D."><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0266195&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p074609521">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007458530605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2425-7519">ORCID</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=7102149363">Scopus</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" 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