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vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_topics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_topics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Early topics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_topics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Summits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Summits </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Summits-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Summits subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Summits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chair_rotation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chair_rotation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Chair rotation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chair_rotation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Organization </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organization-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Organization subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Proposed_permanent_secretariat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proposed_permanent_secretariat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Proposed permanent secretariat </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proposed_permanent_secretariat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Members" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Members"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Members </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Members-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Members subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Leaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Leaders </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Member_country_data" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Member_country_data"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Member country data </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Member_country_data-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role_of_Asian_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_of_Asian_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Role of Asian countries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_of_Asian_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Invitees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Invitees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Invitees </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Invitees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Permanent_guest_invitees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Permanent_guest_invitees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Permanent guest invitees </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Permanent_guest_invitees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agenda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agenda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Agenda </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Agenda-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Agenda subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Agenda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Financial_focus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financial_focus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Financial focus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financial_focus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Growth_and_sustainability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Growth_and_sustainability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Growth and sustainability </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Growth_and_sustainability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interrelated_themes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interrelated_themes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Interrelated themes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interrelated_themes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-G20_engagement_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#G20_engagement_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 G20 engagement groups </div> </a> <ul id="toc-G20_engagement_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_and_accountability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_and_accountability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Influence and accountability </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_and_accountability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Views_on_the_G20's_exclusivity_of_membership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views_on_the_G20's_exclusivity_of_membership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Views on the G20's exclusivity of membership </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Views_on_the_G20's_exclusivity_of_membership-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Views on the G20's exclusivity of membership subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Views_on_the_G20's_exclusivity_of_membership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Norwegian_perspective" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Norwegian_perspective"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Norwegian perspective </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Norwegian_perspective-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish_position_on_membership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish_position_on_membership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Spanish position on membership </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish_position_on_membership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polish_aspirations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polish_aspirations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 Polish aspirations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polish_aspirations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Global_Governance_Group_(3G)_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_Governance_Group_(3G)_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.4 Global Governance Group (3G) response </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Global_Governance_Group_(3G)_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_Policy_critiques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_Policy_critiques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.5 Foreign Policy critiques </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_Policy_critiques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Calls_for_removal_of_Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Calls_for_removal_of_Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.6 Calls for removal of Russia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Calls_for_removal_of_Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">G20</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 97 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-97" aria-hidden="true" > 97 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groep_van_20" title="Groep van 20 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Groep van 20" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruppe_der_zwanzig_wichtigsten_Industrie-_und_Schwellenl%C3%A4nder" title="Gruppe der zwanzig wichtigsten Industrie- und Schwellenländer – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Gruppe der zwanzig wichtigsten Industrie- und Schwellenländer" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86" title="مجموعة العشرين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مجموعة العشرين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20" title="G20 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="G20" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20" title="G20 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="G20" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6" title="জি২০ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জি২০" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-20" title="G-20 – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="G-20" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20" title="G20 – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="G20" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%98%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Ҙур егерме – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҙур егерме" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96" title="Група дваццаці – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Група дваццаці" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96" title="Група дваццаці – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Група дваццаці" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8020" title="जी20 – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जी20" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93-20" title="Г-20 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Г-20" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20" title="G20 – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="G20" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%85%D1%8D_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Ехэ Хорин – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Ехэ Хорин" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20" title="G20 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="G20" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20" title="G20 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="G20" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20" title="G20 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="G20" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20" title="G20 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="G20" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-20" title="G-20 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="G-20" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20" title="G20 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="G20" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20" title="G20 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="G20" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_de_la_20_(industriaj_kaj_sojlaj_landoj)" title="Grupo de la 20 (industriaj kaj sojlaj landoj) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Grupo de la 20 (industriaj kaj sojlaj landoj)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20" title="G20 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="G20" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87_%DB%B2%DB%B0" title="گروه ۲۰ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گروه ۲۰" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20" title="G20 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="G20" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupe_des_vingt" title="Groupe des vingt – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Groupe des vingt" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-20" title="G-20 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="G-20" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_-_20" title="G - 20 – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="G - 20" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20" title="G20 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="G20" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20" title="G20 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="G20" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%AE_%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Մեծ քսանյակ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մեծ քսանյակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80-20" title="जी-20 – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जी-20" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-20" title="G-20 – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="G-20" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20" title="G20 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="G20" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-20" title="G-20 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="G-20" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20_(paesi_industrializzati)" title="G20 (paesi industrializzati) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="G20 (paesi industrializzati)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20" title="G20 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="G20" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-20" title="G-20 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="G-20" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="დიდი ოცეული – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დიდი ოცეული" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Үлкен жиырмалық – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Үлкен жиырмалық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mataifa_ya_G20_ya_viwanda" title="Mataifa ya G20 ya viwanda – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mataifa ya G20 ya viwanda" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-20" title="G-20 – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="G-20" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20" title="G20 – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="G20" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20" title="G20 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="G20" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93-20" title="Г-20 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Г-20" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF_-_20" title="ജി - 20 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജി - 20" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80-%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6" title="जी-२० – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जी-२०" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86" title="مجموعة العشرين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مجموعة العشرين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="جی بیست – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جی بیست" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumpulan_20" title="Kumpulan 20 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kumpulan 20" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20" title="G20 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="G20" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%85_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Их Хорь – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Их Хорь" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AE_%E1%81%82%E1%81%80" title="ဂျီ ၂၀ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျီ ၂၀" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groep_van_Twintig" title="Groep van Twintig – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Groep van Twintig" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="जी-ट्वान्टी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जी-ट्वान्टी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20" title="G20 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="G20" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20" title="G20 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="G20" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20" title="G20 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="G20" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grop_dels_20" title="Grop dels 20 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Grop dels 20" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katta_yigirmatalik" title="Katta yigirmatalik – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Katta yigirmatalik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80-20" title="ਜੀ-20 – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੀ-20" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20" title="G20 – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="G20" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%DB%B2%DB%B0_(G20)" title="جي۲۰ (G20) – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جي۲۰ (G20)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%83" title="ក្រុមប្រទេសទាំងម្ភៃ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ក្រុមប្រទេសទាំងម្ភៃ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20" title="G20 – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="G20" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20" title="G20 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="G20" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20" title="G20 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="G20" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20" title="G20 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="G20" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Большая двадцатка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Большая двадцатка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6" title="जी२० – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जी२०" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%92%E1%B1%90" title="ᱡᱤ᱒᱐ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱤ᱒᱐" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20" title="G20 – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="G20" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20" title="G20 – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="G20" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20" title="G20 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="G20" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20" title="G20 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="G20" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20" title="G20 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="G20" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20" title="G20 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="G20" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kooxda_Labaatanka" title="Kooxda Labaatanka – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kooxda Labaatanka" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D9%A2%D9%A0" title="گرووپی ٢٠ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گرووپی ٢٠" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9320_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%99%D0%B0" title="Г20 индустријски развијених земаља – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Г20 индустријски развијених земаља" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20_industrijski_razvijenih_zemalja" title="G20 industrijski razvijenih zemalja – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="G20 industrijski razvijenih zemalja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20" title="G20 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="G20" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20" title="G20 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="G20" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Forum of 19 countries along with EU and AU</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/G20_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="G20 (disambiguation)">G20 (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">G20</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div>Group of Twenty</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><a href="/wiki/File:P20241119AS-1224_(54152247504).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/P20241119AS-1224_%2854152247504%29.jpg/220px-P20241119AS-1224_%2854152247504%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/P20241119AS-1224_%2854152247504%29.jpg/330px-P20241119AS-1224_%2854152247504%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/P20241119AS-1224_%2854152247504%29.jpg/440px-P20241119AS-1224_%2854152247504%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Family photo at the <a href="/wiki/2024_G20_Rio_de_Janeiro_summit" title="2024 G20 Rio de Janeiro summit">2024 G20 summit</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><a href="/wiki/File:G20_2023_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/G20_2023_map.svg/250px-G20_2023_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/G20_2023_map.svg/375px-G20_2023_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/G20_2023_map.svg/500px-G20_2023_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Member countries of the G20</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Countries represented through the membership of the European Union</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Countries represented through the membership of the African Union</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Countries permanently invited (<a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/2024_G20_Rio_de_Janeiro_summit" title="2024 G20 Rio de Janeiro summit">2024 G20 Rio de Janeiro summit</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data">2025 G20 Johannesburg, South Africa summit</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">26 September 1999 (25 years ago) (1999-09-26) 2008 (2008)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/International_organization" title="International organization">International organization</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data">Bring together systemically important <a href="/wiki/Developed_country" title="Developed country">industrialized</a> and <a href="/wiki/Developing_country" title="Developing country">developing economies</a> to discuss key issues in the <a href="/wiki/World_economy" title="World economy">global economy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-g20faq-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Membership </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;line-height:normal;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;"><div>21 members<a href="#cite_note-2">[a]</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /> <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Chairman (Incumbent)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Brazil" title="President of Brazil">President of Brazil</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://g20.org">g20.org</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19771#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.g20.org/en">(in English)</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The G20 or Group of 20 is an <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Intergovernmental organization">intergovernmental</a> forum comprising 19 sovereign countries, the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (EU), and the <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a> (AU).<a href="#cite_note-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-aug20-4">[3]</a> It works to address major issues related to the <a href="/wiki/World_economy" title="World economy">global economy</a>, such as international <a href="/wiki/Financial_stability" title="Financial stability">financial stability</a>, <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation" title="Climate change mitigation">climate change mitigation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">sustainable development</a>, through annual meetings of <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Heads of State</a> and <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Heads of Government</a>.<a href="#cite_note-IPS-5">[4]</a> The sovereign states of the G20 (without its international members, like the EU or AU) account for around 85% of <a href="/wiki/Gross_world_product" title="Gross world product">gross world product</a> (GWP),<a href="#cite_note-r118-6">[5]</a> 75% of <a href="/wiki/International_trade" title="International trade">international trade</a>, 56% of the <a href="/wiki/World_population" title="World population">global population</a>,<a href="#cite_note-r118-6">[5]</a> and 60% of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">world's land area</a>. Including the EU and AU, the G20 comprises 78.9% of global population and 83.9% of global <a href="/wiki/CO2_emissions" class="mw-redirect" title="CO2 emissions">CO2 emissions</a> from <a href="/wiki/Fossil_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil energy">fossil energy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-b035-7">[6]</a> The G20 was founded in 1999 in response to several world economic crises.<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a> Since <a href="/wiki/2008_G20_Washington_summit" title="2008 G20 Washington summit">2008</a>, it has convened at least once a year, with summits involving each member's <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a> or <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">state</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finance_minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Finance minister">finance minister</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Foreign_minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign minister">foreign minister</a>, and other high-ranking officials; the EU is represented by the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> and the <a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a>.<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[b]</a> Other countries, <a href="/wiki/International_organization" title="International organization">international organizations</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">nongovernmental organizations</a> are invited to attend the summits, some permanently. In 2023, during its <a href="/wiki/2023_G20_New_Delhi_summit" title="2023 G20 New Delhi summit">2023 summit</a>, the <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a> joined as its 21st member and was officially represented at the <a href="/wiki/2024_G20_Rio_de_Janeiro_summit" title="2024 G20 Rio de Janeiro summit">2024 G20 summit</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>. In its <a href="/wiki/2009_G20_London_summit" title="2009 G20 London summit">2009 summit</a>, the G20 declared itself the primary venue for international economic and financial cooperation.<a href="#cite_note-12">[10]</a> The group's stature has risen during the subsequent decade, and it is recognised by analysts as exercising considerable global influence;<a href="#cite_note-AH-13">[11]</a> it is also criticised for its limited membership,<a href="#cite_note-setback-14">[12]</a> lack of enforcement powers,<a href="#cite_note-FPNoArgentina-15">[13]</a> and for the alleged undermining of existing international institutions.<a href="#cite_note-setback-14">[12]</a> Summits are often met with protests, particularly by <a href="/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement" title="Anti-globalization movement">anti-globalization groups</a>.<a href="#cite_note-G20Protests2010-16">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-G20Protests2017-17">[15]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=G20&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> The G20 is the latest in a series of post–<a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> initiatives aimed at international coordination of economic policy, which include institutions such as the "<a href="/wiki/Bretton_Woods_twins" title="Bretton Woods twins">Bretton Woods twins</a>", the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> and the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, and what is now the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[16]</a> The G20 was foreshadowed at the <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> summit of the <a href="/wiki/G7" title="G7">G7</a> in June 1999, and formally established at the G7 Finance Ministers' meeting on 26 September 1999 with an inaugural meeting on 15–16 December 1999 in Berlin. Canadian finance minister <a href="/wiki/Paul_Martin" title="Paul Martin">Paul Martin</a> was chosen as the first chairman and German finance minister <a href="/wiki/Hans_Eichel" title="Hans Eichel">Hans Eichel</a> hosted the meeting.<a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a> A 2004 report by Colin I. Bradford and <a href="/wiki/Johannes_F._Linn" title="Johannes F. Linn">Johannes F. Linn</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a> asserted the group was founded primarily at the initiative of Eichel, the concurrent chair of the G7.<a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a> However, Bradford later described then-<a href="/wiki/Finance_Minister_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Finance Minister of Canada">Finance Minister of Canada</a> (and future <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister of Canada</a>) Paul Martin as "the crucial architect of the formation of the G20 at finance minister level", and as the one who later "proposed that the G20 countries move to leaders level summits".<a href="#cite_note-Bradford2010-21">[19]</a> Canadian academic and journalistic sources have also identified the G20 as a project initiated by Martin and his American counterpart then-<a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Treasury_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of the Treasury (United States)">Treasury Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Larry_Summers" class="mw-redirect" title="Larry Summers">Larry Summers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kirton-22">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kilpatrick-23">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-IbbitsonPerkins-24">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-EightNotEnough-25">[23]</a> All acknowledge, however, that Germany and the United States played a key role in bringing their vision into reality.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Martin and Summers conceived of the G20 in response to the series of massive <a href="/wiki/Debt_crisis" title="Debt crisis">debt crises</a> that had spread across <a href="/wiki/Emerging_market" title="Emerging market">emerging markets</a> in the late 1990s, beginning with the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_peso_crisis" title="Mexican peso crisis">Mexican peso crisis</a> and followed by the <a href="/wiki/1997_Asian_financial_crisis" title="1997 Asian financial crisis">1997 Asian financial crisis</a>, the <a href="/wiki/1998_Russian_financial_crisis" title="1998 Russian financial crisis">1998 Russian financial crisis</a>, and eventually impacting the United States, most prominently in the form of the collapse of the prominent hedge fund <a href="/wiki/Long-Term_Capital_Management" title="Long-Term Capital Management">Long-Term Capital Management</a> in the autumn of 1998.<a href="#cite_note-Kirton-22">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kilpatrick-23">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-IbbitsonPerkins-24">[22]</a> It illustrated to them that in a rapidly globalizing world, the G7, <a href="/wiki/G8" title="G8">G8</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Bretton_Woods_system" title="Bretton Woods system">Bretton Woods system</a> would be unable to provide financial stability, and they conceived of a new, broader permanent group of major world economies that would give a voice and new responsibilities in providing it.<a href="#cite_note-Kirton-22">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-IbbitsonPerkins-24">[22]</a> The G20 membership was decided by Eichel's deputy <a href="/wiki/Caio_Koch-Weser" title="Caio Koch-Weser">Caio Koch-Weser</a> and Summers's deputy <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Geithner" title="Timothy Geithner">Timothy Geithner</a>. According to the <a href="/wiki/Political_economy" title="Political economy">political economist</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wade_(scholar)" title="Robert Wade (scholar)">Robert Wade</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">"Geithner and Koch-Weser went down the list of countries saying, Canada in, Portugal out, South Africa in, Nigeria and Egypt out, and so on; they sent their list to the other G7 finance ministries; and the invitations to the first meeting went out."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWade2009553-26">[24]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_topics">Early topics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=G20&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early topics">edit</a>]</div> The G20's primary focus has been governance of the <a href="/wiki/Global_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Global economy">global economy</a>. Summit themes have varied from year to year. The theme of the <a href="/wiki/2006_G20_ministerial_meeting" title="2006 G20 ministerial meeting">2006 G20 ministerial meeting</a> was "Building and Sustaining Prosperity". The issues discussed included domestic reforms to achieve "sustained growth", global energy and resource commodity markets, reform of the World Bank and IMF, and the impact of demographic changes. In 2007, South Africa hosted the secretariat with <a href="/wiki/Trevor_A._Manuel" class="mw-redirect" title="Trevor A. Manuel">Trevor A. Manuel</a>, South African Minister of Finance as chairperson of the G20. In 2008, <a href="/wiki/Guido_Mantega" title="Guido Mantega">Guido Mantega</a>, Brazil's Minister of Finance, was the G20 chairperson and proposed dialogue on competition in financial markets, <a href="/wiki/Clean_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Clean energy">clean energy</a>, economic development and fiscal elements of growth and development. On 11 October 2008 after a meeting of G8 finance ministers, <a href="/wiki/US_President" class="mw-redirect" title="US President">US President</a> <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> stated that the next meeting of the G20 would be important in finding solutions to the burgeoning <a href="/wiki/Late-2000s_recession" class="mw-redirect" title="Late-2000s recession">economic crisis of 2008</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Summits">Summits</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=G20&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Summits">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_G20_summits" title="List of G20 summits">List of G20 summits</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:702px"><div style="position:relative;width:700px;border:1px solid lightgray"><a href="/wiki/File:World_location_map_(equirectangular_180).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="G20 is located in Earth"><img alt="G20 is located in Earth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg/700px-World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="700" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg/1050px-World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg/1400px-World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2521" data-file-height="1260" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:28.385%;left:28.602%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="2008" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/2008_G20_Washington_summit" title="2008 G20 Washington summit">2008</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:21.384%;left:49.964%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="Apr 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/2009_G20_London_summit" title="2009 G20 London summit">Apr 2009</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:27.533%;left:27.778%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="Sep 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/2009_G20_Pittsburgh_summit" title="2009 G20 Pittsburgh summit">Sep 2009</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:25.748%;left:27.951%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="Jun 2010" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/2010_G20_Toronto_summit" title="2010 G20 Toronto summit">Jun 2010</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:29.14%;left:84.996%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="Nov 2010" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/2010_G20_Seoul_summit" title="2010 G20 Seoul summit">Nov 2010</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:25.804%;left:51.949%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="2011" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/2011_G20_Cannes_summit" title="2011 G20 Cannes summit">2011</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.187%;left:19.527%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="2012" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/2012_G20_Los_Cabos_summit" title="2012 G20 Los Cabos summit">2012</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:16.75%;left:58.343%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="2013" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/2013_G20_Saint_Petersburg_summit" title="2013 G20 Saint Petersburg summit">2013</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:65.263%;left:92.507%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="2014" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/2014_G20_Brisbane_summit" title="2014 G20 Brisbane summit">2014</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:29.52%;left:58.628%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="2015" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/2015_G20_Antalya_summit" title="2015 G20 Antalya summit">2015</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:33.173%;left:83.375%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="2016" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/2016_G20_Hangzhou_summit" title="2016 G20 Hangzhou summit">2016</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:20.25%;left:52.776%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="2017" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/2017_G20_Hamburg_summit" title="2017 G20 Hamburg summit">2017</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:69.225%;left:33.784%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="2018" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/2018_G20_Buenos_Aires_summit" title="2018 G20 Buenos Aires summit">2018</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:30.726%;left:87.64%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="2019" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/2019_G20_Osaka_summit" title="2019 G20 Osaka summit">2019</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:36.285%;left:62.976%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="2020" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/2020_G20_Riyadh_summit" title="2020 G20 Riyadh summit">2020</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:26.731%;left:53.472%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="2021" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/2021_G20_Rome_summit" title="2021 G20 Rome summit">2021</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:54.717%;left:82.467%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="2022" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/2022_G20_Bali_summit" title="2022 G20 Bali summit">2022</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:34.103%;left:71.447%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="2023" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/2023_G20_New_Delhi_summit" title="2023 G20 New Delhi summit">2023</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:62.728%;left:37.998%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="2024" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/2024_G20_Rio_de_Janeiro_summit" title="2024 G20 Rio de Janeiro summit">2024</a></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:World_location_map_(equirectangular_180).svg" title="File:World location map (equirectangular 180).svg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>Host cities of G20 summit</div></div></div></div> The Summit of G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors, who prepare the leaders' summit and implement their decisions, was created as a response both to the <a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_financial_crisis" title="2007–2008 financial crisis">2007–2008 financial crisis</a> and to a growing recognition that key <a href="/wiki/Emerging_power" title="Emerging power">emerging powers</a> were not adequately included in the core of global economic discussion and governance. Additionally, G20 summits of <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">heads of state</a> or <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">government</a> were held. After the 2008 debut summit in Washington, DC, G20 leaders met twice a year: in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a> in 2009, and in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a> in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a> Since 2011, when France chaired and hosted the G20, the summits have been held only once a year.<a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a> The 2016 summit was held in <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a>, China,<a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a> the 2017 summit was held in <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, Germany, the 2018 summit was held in <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, Argentina, the 2019 summit was held in <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a>, Japan, the 2020 summit was scheduled in <a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a>, Saudi Arabia but it was held virtually due to COVID-19, the 2021 summit was held in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, Italy, the 2022 summit was held in <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a>, Indonesia and the 2023 summit was held in <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, India. The 2024 Group of 20 (G20) Summit will take place from 18-19 November in <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, Brazil.<a href="#cite_note-30">[28]</a> Several other ministerial-level G20 meetings have been held since 2010. Agriculture ministerial meetings were conducted in 2011 and 2012; meetings of foreign ministers were held in 2012 and 2013; trade ministers met in 2012 and 2014, and employment ministerial meetings have taken place annually since 2010.<a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a> In 2012, the G20 Ministers of Tourism and Heads of Delegation of G20 member countries and other invited States, as well as representatives from the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) and other organisations in the Travel & Tourism sector met in Mérida, Mexico, on May 16 at the 4th G20 meeting and focused on 'Tourism as a means to Job Creation'. As a result of this meeting and The World Travel & Tourism Council's Visa Impact Research, later on the Leaders of the G20, convened in Los Cabos on 18–19 June, would recognise the impact of Travel & Tourism for the first time. That year, the G20 Leaders Declaration added the following statement: "We recognise the role of travel and tourism as a vehicle for job creation, economic growth and development, and, while recognizing the sovereign right of States to control the entry of foreign nationals, we will work towards developing travel facilitation initiatives in support of job creation, quality work, poverty reduction and global growth."<a href="#cite_note-32">[30]</a> In March 2014, the former Australian foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Julie_Bishop" title="Julie Bishop">Julie Bishop</a>, when Australia was hosting the 2014 G20 summit in <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a>, proposed to ban <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> from the summit over its <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">annexation of Ukrainian Crimea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a> The <a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a> foreign ministers subsequently reminded Bishop that "the custodianship of the G20 belongs to all Member States equally and no one Member State can unilaterally determine its nature and character." The 2015 G20 Summit in <a href="/wiki/Antalya" title="Antalya">Antalya</a>, Turkey, focused on "Inclusiveness, Investment, and Implementation," gathering leaders to address global economic challenges, development, <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>, and urgent issues like terrorism and refugees. Key outcomes included the Antalya Action Plan and commitments to <a href="/wiki/Financial_stability" title="Financial stability">financial stability</a>, tax regulation, and <a href="/wiki/Energy_policy" title="Energy policy">energy policy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[33]</a> In 2016, the G20 framed its commitment to the 2030 Agenda, <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals" title="Sustainable Development Goals">Sustainable Development Goals</a> in three key themes; the promotion of strong sustainable and balanced growth; protection of the planet from degradation; and furthering co-operation with low-income and <a href="/wiki/Developing_country" title="Developing country">developing countries</a>. At the G20 Summit in Hangzhou, members agreed on an action plan and issued a high level principles document to member countries to help facilitate the agenda's implementation.<a href="#cite_note-36">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[35]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.global-solutions-initiative.org/young-global-changers-blog/g20-and-current-global-challenges/">Japan hosted the 2019 summit</a>,<a href="#cite_note-38">[36]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2020_G20_Riyadh_summit" title="2020 G20 Riyadh summit">2020 summit</a> was to be held in Saudi Arabia,<a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a> but was instead held virtually on 21–22 November 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic under the presidency of Saudi Arabia. <a href="/wiki/2021_G20_Rome_summit" title="2021 G20 Rome summit">2021 G20 Rome summit</a> which was held in Rome, the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, on 30–31 October 2021. Indonesia held the <a href="/wiki/2022_G20_Bali_Summit" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 G20 Bali Summit">2022 summit</a> in November 2022. During its presidency, Indonesia focused on the global COVID-19 pandemic and how to collectively overcome the challenges related to it. The three priorities of Indonesia's G20 presidency were global health architecture, digital transformations, and sustainable energy transitions.<a href="#cite_note-40">[38]</a> The G20 Presidency of Indonesia, in partnership with the Pandemic Fund secretariat, also officially launched the Pandemic Fund at a high-level event. The Pandemic Fund to be expected as a key part of the solution for reducing risks from epidemics and pandemics in the most vulnerable parts of the world and contributing to a healthier and safer world <a href="#cite_note-41">[39]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:G20_2023_summit_assoumani_modi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/G20_2023_summit_assoumani_modi.jpg/220px-G20_2023_summit_assoumani_modi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/G20_2023_summit_assoumani_modi.jpg/330px-G20_2023_summit_assoumani_modi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/G20_2023_summit_assoumani_modi.jpg/440px-G20_2023_summit_assoumani_modi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1064" data-file-height="1212" /></a><figcaption>Azali Assoumani, President of the African Union, is greeted by Narendra Modi, G20 Chairman, at the G20 summit in 2023.</figcaption></figure> India held the <a href="/wiki/2023_G20_New_Delhi_summit" title="2023 G20 New Delhi summit">2023 summit</a> in September 2023.<a href="#cite_note-42">[40]</a> The presidency's theme was <a href="/wiki/Vasudhaiva_Kutumbakam" title="Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam">Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम्; <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>:"One Earth, One Family, One Future"<a href="#cite_note-43">[c]</a>).<a href="#cite_note-44">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ghoshal-45">[42]</a> In an interview on 26 August 2023, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> expressed optimism about the G20 countries' evolving agenda under India's presidency, shifting toward a human-centric development approach that aligns with the concerns of the <a href="/wiki/Global_South" class="mw-redirect" title="Global South">Global South</a>, including addressing <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="/wiki/Debt_restructuring" title="Debt restructuring">debt restructuring</a> through the G20's Common Framework for debt, and a strategy for regulation of global <a href="/wiki/Cryptocurrencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptocurrencies">cryptocurrencies</a>. G20 expanded by the inclusion of <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a>, it is also the first inclusion since 1999.<a href="#cite_note-46">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[45]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2024_G20_Rio_de_Janeiro_summit" title="2024 G20 Rio de Janeiro summit">Brazilian presidency</a> launched the G20 Social, a place where for the first time the organization will bring the civil society into the debate where it can participate and contribute to discussions and policy formulations regarding to the summit.<a href="#cite_note-official-ebook-g20brazil-49">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chair_rotation">Chair rotation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=G20&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Chair rotation">edit</a>]</div> To decide which member nation gets to chair the G20 leaders' meeting for a given year, all country members are assigned to one of five different groupings, with all but one group having four members, the other having three. States from the same region are placed in the same group, except Group 1 and Group 2. All countries within a group are eligible to take over the G20 Presidency when it is their group's turn. Therefore, the states within the relevant group need to negotiate among themselves to select the next G20 President. Each year, a different G20 member country assumes the presidency starting from 1 December until 30 November. This system has been in place since 2010, when South Korea, which is in Group 5, held the G20 chair. The table below lists the nations' groupings:<a href="#cite_note-50">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[48]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Group 1</th> <th>Group 2</th> <th>Group 3 (Latin America)</th> <th>Group 4 (Western Europe)</th> <th>Group 5 (East/Southeast Asia) </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> (<a href="/wiki/2014_G20_Brisbane_summit" title="2014 G20 Brisbane summit">2014</a>)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> (<a href="/wiki/2010_G20_Toronto_summit" title="2010 G20 Toronto summit">2010-1</a>)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> (<a href="/wiki/2020_G20_Riyadh_summit" title="2020 G20 Riyadh summit">2020</a>)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (<a href="/wiki/2008_G20_Washington_summit" title="2008 G20 Washington summit">2008</a>, <a href="/wiki/2009_G20_Pittsburgh_summit" title="2009 G20 Pittsburgh summit">2009-2</a>)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> (<a href="/wiki/2023_G20_New_Delhi_summit" title="2023 G20 New Delhi summit">2023</a>)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> (<a href="/wiki/2013_G20_Saint_Petersburg_summit" title="2013 G20 Saint Petersburg summit">2013</a>)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> (2025)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> (<a href="/wiki/2015_G20_Antalya_summit" title="2015 G20 Antalya summit">2015</a>)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> (<a href="/wiki/2018_G20_Buenos_Aires_summit" title="2018 G20 Buenos Aires summit">2018</a>)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> (<a href="/wiki/2024_G20_Rio_de_Janeiro_summit" title="2024 G20 Rio de Janeiro summit">2024</a>)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> (<a href="/wiki/2012_G20_Los_Cabos_summit" title="2012 G20 Los Cabos summit">2012</a>)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> (<a href="/wiki/2011_G20_Cannes_summit" title="2011 G20 Cannes summit">2011</a>)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> (<a href="/wiki/2017_G20_Hamburg_summit" title="2017 G20 Hamburg summit">2017</a>)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> (<a href="/wiki/2021_G20_Rome_summit" title="2021 G20 Rome summit">2021</a>)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/2009_G20_London_summit" title="2009 G20 London summit">2009-1</a>)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> (<a href="/wiki/2016_G20_Hangzhou_summit" title="2016 G20 Hangzhou summit">2016</a>)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> (<a href="/wiki/2022_G20_Bali_summit" title="2022 G20 Bali summit">2022</a>)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> (<a href="/wiki/2019_G20_Osaka_summit" title="2019 G20 Osaka summit">2019</a>)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> (<a href="/wiki/2010_G20_Seoul_summit" title="2010 G20 Seoul summit">2010-2</a>)</li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> To ensure continuity, the presidency is supported by a "troika" made up of the current, immediate past and next host countries.<a href="#cite_note-52">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=G20&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Organization">edit</a>]</div> The G20 operates without a permanent secretariat or staff. The group's chair (the presidency) rotates annually among the members and is selected from a different regional grouping of countries. The incumbent chair establishes a temporary secretariat for the duration of its term, which coordinates the group's work and organizes its meetings. Together with the previous and following presidency a so-called troika is formed, to provide a smooth transition of secretariat functions.<a href="#cite_note-q891-53">[50]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2022_G20_Bali_summit" title="2022 G20 Bali summit">2022 summit</a> was held in <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>. <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> was the chair in 2023 and hosted the <a href="/wiki/2023_G20_New_Delhi_summit" title="2023 G20 New Delhi summit">2023 summit</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> is the current chair and will host the <a href="/wiki/2024_G20_Rio_de_Janeiro_summit" title="2024 G20 Rio de Janeiro summit">2024 summit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-G20_21-24-54">[51]</a> Additionally because of the lacking of a permanent secretariat the G20 has been relying on the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> for more institutional competences substituting permanent secretariat functions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoutersVan_Kerckhoven2011-55">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proposed_permanent_secretariat">Proposed permanent secretariat</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=G20&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Proposed permanent secretariat">edit</a>]</div> In 2010, <a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">President of France</a> <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> proposed the establishment of a permanent G20 secretariat, similar to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. Seoul and <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> were suggested as possible locations for its <a href="/wiki/Headquarters" title="Headquarters">headquarters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-secretariat-56">[53]</a> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> supported the establishment of a secretariat, while Italy and <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> expressed opposition to the proposal.<a href="#cite_note-secretariat-56">[53]</a> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> proposed a "cyber secretariat" as an alternative.<a href="#cite_note-secretariat-56">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Members">Members</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=G20&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Members">edit</a>]</div> As of 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=G20&action=edit">[update]</a>, there are 21 members in the group: <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and the <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a>. Guest invitees include, amongst others, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[55]</a> Representatives include, at the leaders' summits, the leaders of nineteen countries, the African Union and of the European Union, and, at the ministerial-level meetings, the finance ministers and central bank governors of nineteen countries, the African Union and of the European Union. In addition, each year, the G20's guests include Spain;<a href="#cite_note-Henley-59">[56]</a> the Chair of ASEAN; a representative of the <a href="/wiki/New_Partnership_for_Africa%27s_Development" title="New Partnership for Africa's Development">New Partnership for Africa's Development</a> (NEPAD) and a country (sometimes more than one) invited by the presidency, usually from its own region.<a href="#cite_note-g20members-60">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[59]</a> The first of the tables below lists the member entities and their leaders, finance ministers and <a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">central bank</a> governors. The second table lists relevant statistics such as population and GDP figures for each member, as well as detailing memberships of other international organizations, such as the <a href="/wiki/Group_of_Seven" class="mw-redirect" title="Group of Seven">G7</a>, <a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a> and <a href="/wiki/MIKTA" title="MIKTA">MIKTA</a>. Total GDP figures are given in millions of US dollars. In September 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/2023_G20_New_Delhi_summit" title="2023 G20 New Delhi summit">18th G20 Summit</a>, Indian PM <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> announced that the <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a> has been included as a member of the G20, making it the 21st member.<a href="#cite_note-:0-63">[60]</a><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leaders">Leaders</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=G20&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Leaders">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Member </th> <th>Leader </th> <th>Finance portfolio </th> <th>Portfolio minister </th> <th>Central bank </th> <th>Central bank governor </th></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Javier_Milei" title="Javier Milei">Javier Milei</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economy_(Argentina)" title="Ministry of Economy (Argentina)">Minister of Economy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luis_Caputo" title="Luis Caputo">Luis Caputo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Argentina" title="Central Bank of Argentina">Central Bank of the Argentine Republic</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santiago_Bausili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santiago Bausili (page does not exist)">Santiago Bausili</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiago_Bausili" class="extiw" title="es:Santiago Bausili">es</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Anthony Albanese</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Treasurer_of_Australia" title="Treasurer of Australia">Treasurer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jim_Chalmers" title="Jim Chalmers">Jim Chalmers</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_Australia" title="Reserve Bank of Australia">Reserve Bank of Australia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michele_Bullock" title="Michele Bullock">Michele Bullock</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economics_(Brazil)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Economics (Brazil)">Minister of Finance</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Haddad" title="Fernando Haddad">Fernando Haddad</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Brazil" title="Central Bank of Brazil">Central Bank of Brazil</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Campos_Neto" title="Roberto Campos Neto">Roberto Campos Neto</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(Canada)" title="Minister of Finance (Canada)">Minister of Finance</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chrystia_Freeland" title="Chrystia Freeland">Chrystia Freeland</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Canada" title="Bank of Canada">Bank of Canada</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tiff_Macklem" title="Tiff Macklem">Tiff Macklem</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[61]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(China)" title="Minister of Finance (China)">Minister of Finance</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lan_Fo%27an" title="Lan Fo'an">Lan Fo'an</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Bank_of_China" title="People's Bank of China">People's Bank of China</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pan_Gongsheng" title="Pan Gongsheng">Pan Gongsheng</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[63]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economics_and_Finance_(France)" title="Ministry of Economics and Finance (France)">Minister of Economics and Finance</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Armand" title="Antoine Armand">Antoine Armand</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_France" title="Bank of France">Bank of France</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Villeroy_de_Galhau" title="François Villeroy de Galhau">François Villeroy de Galhau</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Olaf Scholz</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Federal_Ministry_of_Finance_(Germany)" title="Federal Ministry of Finance (Germany)">Minister of Finance</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_Lindner" title="Christian Lindner">Christian Lindner</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bundesbank" title="Deutsche Bundesbank">Deutsche Bundesbank</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Nagel" title="Joachim Nagel">Joachim Nagel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)" title="Minister of Finance (India)">Minister of Finance</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nirmala_Sitharaman" title="Nirmala Sitharaman">Nirmala Sitharaman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shaktikanta_Das" title="Shaktikanta Das">Shaktikanta Das</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto" title="Prabowo Subianto">Prabowo Subianto</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(Indonesia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Finance (Indonesia)">Minister of Finance</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sri_Mulyani" title="Sri Mulyani">Sri Mulyani</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bank_Indonesia" title="Bank Indonesia">Bank Indonesia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Perry_Warjiyo" title="Perry Warjiyo">Perry Warjiyo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Giorgia Meloni</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Italian_Minister_of_Economy_and_Finance" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Minister of Economy and Finance">Minister of Economy and Finance</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Giancarlo_Giorgetti" title="Giancarlo Giorgetti">Giancarlo Giorgetti</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Italy" title="Bank of Italy">Bank of Italy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fabio_Panetta" title="Fabio Panetta">Fabio Panetta</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Ishiba" title="Shigeru Ishiba">Shigeru Ishiba</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(Japan)" title="Minister of Finance (Japan)">Minister of Finance</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Katsunobu_Kat%C5%8D" title="Katsunobu Katō">Katsunobu Katō</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Japan" title="Bank of Japan">Bank of Japan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kazuo_Ueda" title="Kazuo Ueda">Kazuo Ueda</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum" title="Claudia Sheinbaum">Claudia Sheinbaum</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_Finance_and_Public_Credit" title="Secretariat of Finance and Public Credit">Secretary of Finance and Public Credit</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rogelio_Ram%C3%ADrez_de_la_O" title="Rogelio Ramírez de la O">Rogelio Ramírez de la O</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Mexico" title="Bank of Mexico">Bank of Mexico</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Ceja" title="Victoria Rodríguez Ceja">Victoria Rodríguez Ceja</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_of_the_Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation">Minister of Finance</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anton_Siluanov" title="Anton Siluanov">Anton Siluanov</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank of Russia">Bank of Russia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elvira_Nabiullina" title="Elvira Nabiullina">Elvira Nabiullina</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Salman of Saudi Arabia">Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Saudi_Arabia)" title="Ministry of Finance (Saudi Arabia)">Minister of Finance</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Al-Jadaan" title="Mohammed Al-Jadaan">Mohammed Al-Jadaan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Central_Bank" title="Saudi Central Bank">Saudi Central Bank</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fahad_Almubarak" title="Fahad Almubarak">Fahad Almubarak</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Cyril Ramaphosa</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(South_Africa)" title="Minister of Finance (South Africa)">Minister of Finance</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Enoch_Godongwana" title="Enoch Godongwana">Enoch Godongwana</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_African_Reserve_Bank" title="South African Reserve Bank">South African Reserve Bank</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lesetja_Kganyago" title="Lesetja Kganyago">Lesetja Kganyago</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yoon_Suk_Yeol" title="Yoon Suk Yeol">Yoon Suk Yeol</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economy_and_Finance_(South_Korea)" title="Ministry of Economy and Finance (South Korea)">Minister of Economy and Finance</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Choi_Sang-mok" title="Choi Sang-mok">Choi Sang-mok</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Korea" title="Bank of Korea">Bank of Korea</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhee_Chang-yong" title="Rhee Chang-yong">Rhee Chang-yong</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_and_Treasury_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Finance and Treasury (Turkey)">Minister of Treasury and Finance</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_%C5%9Eim%C5%9Fek" title="Mehmet Şimşek">Mehmet Şimşek</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey" title="Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey">Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fatih_Karahan" title="Fatih Karahan">Fatih Karahan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Keir Starmer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Reeves" title="Rachel Reeves">Rachel Reeves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bailey_(banker)" title="Andrew Bailey (banker)">Andrew Bailey</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Janet_Yellen" title="Janet Yellen">Janet Yellen</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Powell" title="Jerome Powell">Jerome Powell</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /> <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[64]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_Michel" title="Charles Michel">Charles Michel</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Economy" title="European Commissioner for Economy">Commissioner for Economy</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Gentiloni" title="Paolo Gentiloni">Paolo Gentiloni</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Christine_Lagarde" title="Christine Lagarde">Christine Lagarde</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Ursula von der Leyen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ould_Ghazouani" title="Mohamed Ould Ghazouani">Mohamed Ould Ghazouani</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Commissioner for Economic Affairs<a href="#cite_note-AU-68">[65]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Victor Harison<a href="#cite_note-AU-68">[65]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/African_Central_Bank" title="African Central Bank">African Central Bank</a> (yet to be established) </td> <td rowspan="2">TBA </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Moussa_Faki" title="Moussa Faki">Moussa Faki</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Member_country_data">Member country data</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=G20&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Member country data">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%; line-height:1.5; text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th>Member </th> <th>Trade bil. USD (2022)<a href="#cite_note-WTO_Trade-69">[66]</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">Nom. GDP</a> mil. USD (2024)<a href="#cite_note-IMF_Data-70">[67]</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">PPP GDP</a> mil. USD (2024)<a href="#cite_note-IMF_Data-70">[67]</a> </th> <th style="font-size:85%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">Nom. GDP per capita</a> USD (2024)<a href="#cite_note-IMF_Data-70">[67]</a> </th> <th style="font-size:85%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">PPP GDP per capita</a> USD (2024)<a href="#cite_note-IMF_Data-70">[67]</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2022)<a href="#cite_note-71">[68]</a> </th> <th>Population (2022)<a href="#cite_note-72">[69]</a> </th> <th>Area km2 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Permanent_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council">P5</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/G4_nations" title="G4 nations">G4</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/G7" title="G7">G7</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/MIKTA" title="MIKTA">MIKTA</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Development_Assistance_Committee" title="Development Assistance Committee">DAC</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">C'wth</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">SCO</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">IMF</a> economy classification<a href="#cite_note-73">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[71]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> </td> <td>170.1 </td> <td>604,382 </td> <td>1,353,804 </td> <td>12,814 </td> <td>28,704 </td> <td>0.849 </td> <td>46,300,000 </td> <td>2,780,400 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="text-align:left">Emerging </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> </td> <td>721.4 </td> <td>1,802,006 </td> <td>1,897,885 </td> <td>65,966 </td> <td>69,475 </td> <td>0.946 </td> <td>26,141,369 </td> <td>7,692,024 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td class="table-maybe" style="background: #FF8; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/NATO_global_partners" title="NATO global partners">global partner</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="text-align:left">Advanced </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td> <td>626.4 </td> <td>2,188,419 </td> <td>4,702,004 </td> <td>10,296 </td> <td>22,123 </td> <td>0.760 </td> <td>217,240,060 </td> <td>8,515,767 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="text-align:left">Emerging </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td> <td>1,179.1 </td> <td>2,214,796 </td> <td>2,582,228 </td> <td>53,834 </td> <td>62,766 </td> <td>0.935 </td> <td>38,743,000 </td> <td>9,984,670 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="text-align:left">Advanced </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td> <td>6,309.6 </td> <td>18,273,357 </td> <td>37,072,086 </td> <td>12,969 </td> <td>26,310 </td> <td>0.788 </td> <td>1,411,750,000 </td> <td>9,596,960 </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="text-align:left">Emerging </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td>1,435.8 </td> <td>3,174,099 </td> <td>4,359,372 </td> <td>48,012 </td> <td>65,940 </td> <td>0.910 </td> <td>68,305,148 </td> <td>640,679 </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="text-align:left">Advanced </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td>3,226.9 </td> <td>4,710,032 </td> <td>6,017,222 </td> <td>55,521 </td> <td>70,930 </td> <td>0.950 </td> <td>84,316,622 </td> <td>357,114 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="text-align:left">Advanced </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td>1,176.8 </td> <td>3,889,130 </td> <td>16,019,970 </td> <td>2,698 </td> <td>11,112 </td> <td>0.644 </td> <td>1,406,632,000 </td> <td>3,287,263 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="text-align:left">Emerging </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> </td> <td>529.4 </td> <td>1,402,590 </td> <td>4,658,321 </td> <td>4,981 </td> <td>16,542 </td> <td>0.713 </td> <td>279,088,893 </td> <td>1,904,569 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background: #FF8; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-maybe"><a href="/wiki/BRICS#Potential_candidates_for_future_membership" title="BRICS">partner state</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[72]</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="text-align:left">Emerging </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td>1,346.4 </td> <td>2,376,510 </td> <td>3,597,954 </td> <td>40,287 </td> <td>60,993 </td> <td>0.906 </td> <td>61,095,551 </td> <td>301,336 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="text-align:left">Advanced </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </td> <td>1,644.2 </td> <td>4,070,094 </td> <td>6,572,198 </td> <td>32,859 </td> <td>53,059 </td> <td>0.920 </td> <td>125,592,404 </td> <td>377,930 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background: #FF8; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-maybe"><a href="/wiki/NATO_global_partners" title="NATO global partners">global partner</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="text-align:left">Advanced </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td> <td>1,204.5 </td> <td>1,848,125 </td> <td>3,303,067 </td> <td>13,972 </td> <td>24,971 </td> <td>0.781 </td> <td>131,541,424 </td> <td>1,964,375 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="text-align:left">Emerging </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> </td> <td>1,415.0 </td> <td>1,869,916 </td> <td>3,258,366 </td> <td>36,132 </td> <td>62,960 </td> <td>0.929 </td> <td>51,844,834 </td> <td>100,210 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background: #FF8; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-maybe"><a href="/wiki/NATO_global_partners" title="NATO global partners">global partner</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="text-align:left">Advanced </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td>772.3 </td> <td>2,184,316 </td> <td>6,909,381 </td> <td>14,953 </td> <td>47,299 </td> <td>0.821 </td> <td>145,807,429 </td> <td>17,098,242 </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background: #FF8; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-maybe"><a href="/wiki/Partnership_for_Peace" title="Partnership for Peace">PfP</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[d]</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="text-align:left">Emerging </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> </td> <td>598.8 </td> <td>1,100,706 </td> <td>2,112,880 </td> <td>32,881 </td> <td>63,118 </td> <td>0.875 </td> <td>36,168,000 </td> <td>2,149,690 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background: #FF8; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-maybe"><a href="/wiki/BRICS#Potential_candidates_for_future_membership" title="BRICS">invited</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td class="table-maybe" style="background: #FF8; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">Dialogue partner </td> <td style="text-align:left">Emerging </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> </td> <td>259.1 </td> <td>403,045 </td> <td>993,745 </td> <td>6,377 </td> <td>15,723 </td> <td>0.717 </td> <td>61,060,000 </td> <td>1,221,037 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="text-align:left">Emerging </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td> <td>617.9 </td> <td>1,344,318 </td> <td>3,456,771 </td> <td>15,666 </td> <td>40,283 </td> <td>0.855 </td> <td>85,551,932 </td> <td>783,562 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background: #FF8; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-maybe">Dialogue partner </td> <td style="text-align:left">Emerging </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td>1,353.3 </td> <td>3,587,545 </td> <td>4,282,173 </td> <td>52,423 </td> <td>62,574 </td> <td>0.940 </td> <td>68,492,933 </td> <td>242,495 </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="text-align:left">Advanced </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td>5,441.0 </td> <td>29,167,779 </td> <td>29,167,779 </td> <td>86,601 </td> <td>86,601 </td> <td>0.927 </td> <td>337,341,954 </td> <td>9,833,517 </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="text-align:left">Advanced </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /> <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-77">[e]</a>5,858.4 </td> <td>19,403,162 </td> <td>28,044,235 </td> <td>43,353 </td> <td>62,660 </td> <td>0.900 </td> <td>446,828,803 </td> <td>4,233,262 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="text-align:left">Advanced (majority)<a href="#cite_note-78">[f]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a> </td> <td>1,379.0 </td> <td>2,780,597 </td> <td>10,155,027 </td> <td>1,941<a href="#cite_note-79">[g]</a> </td> <td>7,087<a href="#cite_note-80">[h]</a> </td> <td>0.577<a href="#cite_note-81">[i]</a> </td> <td>1,393,676,444<a href="#cite_note-82">[j]</a> </td> <td>29,922,059 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="text-align:left">Emerging </td></tr> </tbody></table> In addition to these 21 members, the <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officers" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief executive officers">chief executive officers</a> of several other international forums and institutions participate in meetings of the G20.<a href="#cite_note-g20members-60">[57]</a> These include the managing director and Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>, the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank#Leadership" title="World Bank">President</a> of the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_and_Financial_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="International Monetary and Financial Committee">International Monetary and Financial Committee</a> and the Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Development_Assistance_Committee" title="Development Assistance Committee">Development Assistance Committee</a>. The G20's membership does not reflect exactly the 21 largest economies of the world in any given year; as the organization states:<a href="#cite_note-g20faq-1">[1]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">In a forum such as the G20, it is particularly important for the number of countries involved to be restricted and fixed to ensure the effectiveness and continuity of its activity. There are no formal criteria for G20 membership and the composition of the group has remained unchanged since it was established. Because of the objectives of the G20, it was considered important that countries and regions of systemic significance for the international financial system be included. Aspects such as geographical balance and population representation also played a major part.</blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Role_of_Asian_countries">Role of Asian countries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=G20&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Role of Asian countries">edit</a>]</div> A 2011 report released by the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" title="Asian Development Bank">Asian Development Bank</a> (ADB) predicted that large Asian economies such as China and India would play a more important role in global economic governance in the future. The report claimed that the rise of emerging market economies heralded a new world order, in which the G20 would become the global economic steering committee.<a href="#cite_note-The_People's_Daily,_PRC-83">[73]</a> The ADB furthermore noted that Asian countries had led the global recovery following the <a href="/wiki/Late-2000s_recession" class="mw-redirect" title="Late-2000s recession">late-2000s recession</a>. It predicted that the region would have a greater presence on the global stage, shaping the G20's agenda for balanced and sustainable growth through strengthening intraregional trade and stimulating domestic demand.<a href="#cite_note-The_People's_Daily,_PRC-83">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Invitees">Invitees</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=G20&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Invitees">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:G20_members_and_invited_states_2024.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/G20_members_and_invited_states_2024.svg/440px-G20_members_and_invited_states_2024.svg.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/G20_members_and_invited_states_2024.svg/660px-G20_members_and_invited_states_2024.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/G20_members_and_invited_states_2024.svg/880px-G20_members_and_invited_states_2024.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="477" /></a><figcaption>G20 members (dark blue), countries represented through the European Union and African Union (light blue) and previously invited states (pink) as of 2024.</figcaption></figure> Typically, several participants that are not full members of the G20 are extended invitations to participate in the summits. Permanent guest invitees are: the government of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>; the Chair of the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Association of Southeast Asian Nations</a> and a representative of the <a href="/wiki/New_Partnership_for_Africa%27s_Development" title="New Partnership for Africa's Development">New Partnership for Africa's Development</a> are invited in their capacities as leaders of their organisations and as heads of government of their home states. In addition, the leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Financial_Stability_Board" title="Financial Stability Board">Financial Stability Board</a>, the <a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a>, the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank_Group" title="World Bank Group">World Bank Group</a> and the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a> are invited and participate in pre-summit planning within the policy purview of their respective organisation.<a href="#cite_note-84">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-Henley-59">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-G20_World-85">[75]</a> Other invitees are chosen by the host country, usually one or two countries from its region.<a href="#cite_note-G20_World-85">[75]</a> For example, South Korea invited Singapore. International organisations which have been invited in the past include the <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation</a> (APEC), the <a href="/wiki/Basel_Committee_on_Banking_Supervision" title="Basel Committee on Banking Supervision">Basel Committee on Banking Supervision</a> (BCBS), the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States</a> (CIS), the <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Community" title="Eurasian Economic Community">Eurasian Economic Community</a> (EAEC), the <a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a> (ECB), the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organization</a> (FAO), the <a href="/wiki/Global_Governance_Group" title="Global Governance Group">Global Governance Group</a> (3G) and the <a href="/wiki/Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf">Gulf Cooperation Council</a> (GCC). Previously, the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> had a similar status to Spain while the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Presidency of the Council of the European Union">rotating presidency</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council of the European Union</a> would also receive an invitation, but only in that capacity and not as their own state's leader (such as the Czech premiers <a href="/wiki/Mirek_Topol%C3%A1nek" title="Mirek Topolánek">Mirek Topolánek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jan_Fischer_(politician)" title="Jan Fischer (politician)">Jan Fischer</a> during the 2009 summits). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Permanent_guest_invitees">Permanent guest invitees</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=G20&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Permanent guest invitees">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Invitee </th> <th>Officeholder </th> <th>State </th> <th>Official title </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a> (ILO) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Houngbo" title="Gilbert Houngbo">Gilbert Houngbo</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>Director General </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> (IMF) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kristalina_Georgieva" title="Kristalina Georgieva">Kristalina Georgieva</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">Managing Director</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a><a href="#cite_note-Henley-59">[56]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Pedro Sánchez</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Prime Minister</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Partnership_for_Africa%27s_Development" title="New Partnership for Africa's Development">New Partnership for Africa's Development</a> (AUDA-NEPAD) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_El-Sisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdel Fattah El-Sisi">Abdel Fattah El-Sisi</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of Egypt">President</a> (chair) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development</a> (OECD) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mathias_Cormann" title="Mathias Cormann">Mathias Cormann</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>Secretary-General </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> (UN) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">Secretary-General</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/World_Bank_Group" title="World Bank Group">World Bank Group</a> (WBG) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ajay_Banga" title="Ajay Banga">Ajay Banga</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>President </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom" class="mw-redirect" title="Tedros Adhanom">Tedros Adhanom</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Director-General_of_the_World_Health_Organization" title="Director-General of the World Health Organization">Director General</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a> (WTO) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ngozi_Okonjo-Iweala" title="Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala">Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Director-General_of_the_World_Trade_Organization" title="Director-General of the World Trade Organization">Director General</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Agenda">Agenda</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=G20&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Agenda">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Financial_focus">Financial focus</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=G20&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Financial focus">edit</a>]</div> The initial G20 agenda, as conceived by US, Canadian and German policymakers, was very much focused on the sustainability of <a href="/wiki/Government_debt" title="Government debt">sovereign debt</a> and global financial stability, in an inclusive format that would bring in the largest developing economies as equal partners. During a summit in November 2008, the leaders of the group pledged to contribute trillions to international financial organizations, including the World Bank and IMF, mainly for re-establishing the global financial system.<a href="#cite_note-86">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-FA-87">[77]</a> Since inception, the recurring themes covered by G20 summit participants have related in priority to global <a href="/wiki/Economic_growth" title="Economic growth">economic growth</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_trade" title="International trade">international trade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Financial_market" title="Financial market">financial market</a> regulation.<a href="#cite_note-auto-88">[78]</a> The G20 has led the <a href="/wiki/Debt_Service_Suspension_Initiative" title="Debt Service Suspension Initiative">Debt Service Suspension Initiative</a>, through which official bilateral creditors suspended debt repayments of 73 of the poorest debtor countries.<a href="#cite_note-:Chen2-89">[79]</a>: 134  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Growth_and_sustainability">Growth and sustainability</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=G20&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Growth and sustainability">edit</a>]</div> The G20 countries account for almost 75% of global carbon emissions.<a href="#cite_note-:1-90">[80]</a> After the adoption of the <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals" title="Sustainable Development Goals">UN Sustainable Development Goals</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Climate Agreement</a> in 2015, more "issues of global significance"<a href="#cite_note-auto-88">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-91">[81]</a> were added to the G20 agenda: migration, <a href="/wiki/Digitisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Digitisation">digitisation</a>, employment, healthcare, the economic empowerment of women, <a href="/wiki/Development_aid" title="Development aid">development aid</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[82]</a> and stopping <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[83]</a> The G20 countries account for almost 75% of the global carbon emissions and promised in 2009 to phase out 'inefficient subsidies'. Despite these promises G20 members have subsidised fossil fuel companies over $3.3 trillion between 2015 and 2021,<a href="#cite_note-:1-90">[80]</a> with several states increasing subsidies; Australia (+48.2%), the US (+36.7%), Indonesia (+26.6%), France (+23.8%), China (+4.1%), Brazil (+3.0%), Mexico (+2.6%).<a href="#cite_note-:1-90">[80]</a> China alone generates over half of the coal-generated electricity in the world.<a href="#cite_note-94">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interrelated_themes">Interrelated themes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=G20&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Interrelated themes">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Sch%C3%A4uble" title="Wolfgang Schäuble">Wolfgang Schäuble</a>, German <a href="/wiki/Federal_Ministry_of_Finance_(Germany)" title="Federal Ministry of Finance (Germany)">Federal Minister of Finance</a>, had insisted on the interconnected nature of the issues facing G20 countries, be they purely financial or developmental, and the need to reach effective, <a href="/wiki/Cross-cutting_cleavage" title="Cross-cutting cleavage">cross-cutting</a> policy measures: "Globalization has lifted hundreds of millions out of poverty, but there is also a growing rise in frustration in some quarters […] development, [national] security and migration are all interlinked"<a href="#cite_note-auto1-91">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="G20_engagement_groups">G20 engagement groups</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=G20&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: G20 engagement groups">edit</a>]</div> The G20 engagement groups and pre-conferences are independent collectives that are led by organisations of the host country. They represent a diverse group of stakeholders and work collectively to develop non-binding policy recommendations formally submitted to the G20 leaders for consideration. For the 2022 G20 hosted by Indonesia, there are <a href="/wiki/2022_G20_Bali_summit" title="2022 G20 Bali summit">10 engagement groups</a> formed to facilitate independent stakeholders in developing proposals and policy recommendations for G20 leaders. Startup20 and other few engagement groups initiated under the G20 India Presidency of 2023.<a href="#cite_note-95">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence_and_accountability">Influence and accountability</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=G20&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Influence and accountability">edit</a>]</div> The G20's prominent membership gives it a strong input on global policy despite lacking any formal ability to enforce rules. There are disputes over the legitimacy of the G20,<a href="#cite_note-96">[86]</a> and criticisms of its organisation and the efficacy of its declarations.<a href="#cite_note-97">[87]</a> The G20's transparency and accountability have been questioned by critics, who call attention to the absence of a formal charter and the fact that the most important G20 meetings are closed-door.<a href="#cite_note-98">[88]</a> In 2001, the economist <a href="/wiki/Frances_Stewart_(economist)" title="Frances Stewart (economist)">Frances Stewart</a> proposed an Economic Security Council within the United Nations as an alternative to the G20. In such a council, members would be elected by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">General Assembly</a> based on their importance to the world economy, and the contribution they are willing to provide to world economic development.<a href="#cite_note-99">[89]</a> The cost and extent of summit-related security is often a contentious issue in the hosting country, and G20 summits have attracted protesters from a variety of backgrounds, including <a href="/wiki/Information_activist" class="mw-redirect" title="Information activist">information activists</a>, opponents of <a href="/wiki/Fractional-reserve_banking" title="Fractional-reserve banking">fractional-reserve banking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">anti-capitalists</a>. In 2010, the Toronto G20 summit sparked <a href="/wiki/2010_G20_Toronto_summit_protests" title="2010 G20 Toronto summit protests">mass protests and rioting</a>, leading to the largest mass arrest in Canada's history.<a href="#cite_note-Mahoney-100">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Views_on_the_G20's_exclusivity_of_membership">Views on the G20's exclusivity of membership</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=G20&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Views on the G20's exclusivity of membership">edit</a>]</div> Although the G20 has stated that the group's "economic weight and broad membership gives it a high degree of legitimacy and influence over the management of the global economy and financial system",<a href="#cite_note-101">[91]</a> its legitimacy has been challenged. A 2011 report for the <a href="/wiki/Danish_Institute_for_International_Studies" title="Danish Institute for International Studies">Danish Institute for International Studies</a> criticised the G20's exclusivity, particularly highlighting its underrepresentation of African countries and its practice of inviting observers from non-member states as a mere "concession at the margins", which does not grant the organisation representational legitimacy.<a href="#cite_note-102">[92]</a> Concerning the membership issue, US President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> noted the difficulty of pleasing everyone: "Everybody wants the smallest possible group that includes them. So, if they're the 21st largest nation in the world, they want the G-21, and think it's highly unfair if they have been cut out."<a href="#cite_note-103">[93]</a> Others stated in 2011 that the exclusivity is not an insurmountable problem and proposed mechanisms by which it could become more inclusive.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooper2011-104">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Norwegian_perspective">Norwegian perspective</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=G20&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Norwegian perspective">edit</a>]</div> In line with Norway's emphasis on inclusive international processes, the United Nations, and the UN system, in a 2010 interview with <a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a>, the current prime minister of Norway <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Gahr_St%C3%B8re" title="Jonas Gahr Støre">Jonas Gahr Støre</a> called the G20 "one of the greatest setbacks since World War II"<a href="#cite_note-setback-14">[12]</a> as 173 states who are all members of the UN are not among the G20. This includes Norway, a major developed economy and the seventh-largest contributor to UN international development programs,<a href="#cite_note-real_donor-105">[95]</a> which is not a member state of the EU, and thus is not represented in the G20 even indirectly.<a href="#cite_note-setback-14">[12]</a> Norway, like other such states, has little or no voice within the group. Støre argued that the G20 undermines the legitimacy of international organizations set up in the aftermath of World War II, such as the IMF, World Bank and United Nations: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">The G20 is a self-appointed group. Its composition is determined by the major countries and powers. It may be more representative than the G7 or the G8, in which only the richest countries are represented, but it is still arbitrary. We no longer live in the 19th century, a time when the major powers met and redrew the map of the world. No one needs a new <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a>.<a href="#cite_note-setback-14">[12]</a></blockquote> However, Norway, has moderated this position in practice, and has contributed to a number of G20-work streams for years, in particular on health, energy and climate. Under the government of <a href="/wiki/Erna_Solberg" title="Erna Solberg">Erna Solberg</a>, Norway attended the <a href="/wiki/2017_G20_Hamburg_summit" title="2017 G20 Hamburg summit">2017 G20 summit in Hamburg, Germany</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish_position_on_membership">Spanish position on membership</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=G20&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Spanish position on membership">edit</a>]</div> Spain is the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">fifteenth largest economy</a> by <a href="/wiki/Nominal_GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="Nominal GDP">nominal GDP</a> (the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">sixteenth largest</a> by <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">purchasing power parity</a>), the fourth in the European Union, the second among <a href="/wiki/Spanish-speaking_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish-speaking countries">Spanish-speaking countries</a>, and the third in <a href="/wiki/Iberoamerica" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberoamerica">Iberoamerica</a>. In addition, since the 1990s several Spanish companies have gained multinational status, and Spain is an important foreign investor worldwide. Its numbers[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] exceed the numbers of several current members of the G20 such as Argentina or South Africa. This has led to what Henley et al consider to be a de facto position as a member of the G20. However, Spain, a permanent guest, does not plan to request official membership.<a href="#cite_note-Henley-59">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polish_aspirations">Polish aspirations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=G20&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Polish aspirations">edit</a>]</div> In contrast with the Spanish position, the <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Polish</a> government has repeatedly asked to join the G20. Before the <a href="/wiki/2009_G20_London_summit" title="2009 G20 London summit">2009 G20 London summit</a>, the Polish government expressed an interest in joining with Spain and the Netherlands and condemned an "organisational mess" in which a few European leaders spoke in the name of the collective EU without legitimate authorisation in cases which belong to the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] During a 2010 meeting with foreign diplomats, Polish president <a href="/wiki/Lech_Kaczy%C5%84ski" title="Lech Kaczyński">Lech Kaczyński</a> said: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">The Polish economy is according to our data the 18th world economy. The place of my country is among the members of the G20. This is a very simple postulate: firstly – it results from the size of the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Poland" title="Economy of Poland">Polish economy</a>, secondly – it results from the fact that Poland is the biggest country in its region and the biggest country that has experienced a certain story. That story is a political and economic transformation.<a href="#cite_note-107">[97]</a></blockquote> In 2012, Tim Ferguson wrote in <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> that swapping Argentina for Poland should be considered, claiming that the Polish economy was headed toward a leadership role in Europe and its membership would be more legitimate.<a href="#cite_note-108">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[99]</a> A similar opinion was expressed by Marcin Sobczyk in the <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[100]</a> Mamta Murthi from the World Bank said: "To be in 'a club', what Poland can do is to continue working as if it already is in the club it wants to join."<a href="#cite_note-111">[101]</a> In 2014, consulting company <a href="/wiki/Ernst_%26_Young" title="Ernst & Young">Ernst & Young</a> published its report about optimal members for G20. After analyzing trade, institutional and investment links Poland was included as one of the optimal members.<a href="#cite_note-112">[102]</a> G20 membership has been part of the look program of Poland's <a href="/wiki/Law_and_Justice_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Law and Justice (Poland)">Law and Justice</a> party and President <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Duda" title="Andrzej Duda">Andrzej Duda</a>.<a href="#cite_note-113">[103]</a> In March 2017, Deputy Prime Minister of Poland <a href="/wiki/Mateusz_Morawiecki" title="Mateusz Morawiecki">Mateusz Morawiecki</a> took part in a meeting of G20 financial ministers in <a href="/wiki/Baden-Baden" title="Baden-Baden">Baden-Baden</a> as the first Polish representative.<a href="#cite_note-114">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[105]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Global_Governance_Group_(3G)_response">Global Governance Group (3G) response</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=G20&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Global Governance Group (3G) response">edit</a>]</div> In June 2010, Singapore's representative to the United Nations warned the G20 that its decisions would affect "all countries, big and small", and asserted that prominent non-G20 members should be included in financial reform discussions.<a href="#cite_note-116">[106]</a> Singapore thereafter took a leading role in organizing the <a href="/wiki/Global_Governance_Group" title="Global Governance Group">Global Governance Group</a> (3G), an informal grouping of 30 non-G20 countries (including several <a href="/wiki/Microstates" class="mw-redirect" title="Microstates">microstates</a> and many <a href="/wiki/Third_World" title="Third World">Third World</a> countries) to collectively channel their views into the G20 process more effectively.<a href="#cite_note-Press_Statement_by_the_Global_Governance_Group_(3G)_on_its_Ninth_Ministerial_Meeting_in_New_York_on_22_September_2016-117">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[109]</a> Singapore's chairing of the 3G was cited as a rationale for inviting Singapore to the November 2010 G20 summit in South Korea,<a href="#cite_note-120">[110]</a> as well as 2011, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2017 summits.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_Policy_critiques">Foreign Policy critiques</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=G20&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Foreign Policy critiques">edit</a>]</div> The American magazine <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a> has published articles condemning the G20, in terms of its principal function as an alternative to the supposedly exclusive G8. It questions the actions of some of the G20 members and advances the notion that some states should not have membership in the first place. Furthermore, with the effects of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a> still ongoing, the magazine has criticized the G20's efforts to implement reforms of the world's financial institutions, branding such efforts as failures.<a href="#cite_note-121">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Calls_for_removal_of_Russia">Calls for removal of Russia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=G20&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Calls for removal of Russia">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (January 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> In March 2022, following the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> called for the removal of Russia from the group. Alternatively, he suggested that Ukraine be allowed to attend the G20 2022 summit, despite its lack of membership.<a href="#cite_note-:2-122">[112]</a> Canadian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> also said the group should "re-evaluate" Russia's participation.<a href="#cite_note-123">[113]</a> Russia claims it would not be a significant issue, as most G20 members are already fighting Russia economically due to the war.<a href="#cite_note-124">[114]</a> China suggested that expelling Russia would be counterproductive.<a href="#cite_note-:2-122">[112]</a> In November 2022, Indonesia and Russia stated that Vladimir Putin would not attend the G20 summit in person, but may attend virtually.<a href="#cite_note-russia2022-125">[115]</a> During the 2022 summit, Ukrainian president <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a> appeared in a video statement and repeatedly addressed the assembly as the 'G19' as a means of indicating his viewpoint that Russia should be removed from the group.<a href="#cite_note-126">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=G20&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Model_G20" title="Model G20">Model G20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G8" title="G8">G8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G7" title="G7">G7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional Power">Regional Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=G20&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> 19 countries, the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (EU) and <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a> (AU) </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_G20_summits" title="List of G20 summits">Summits</a> were biannual in 2009 and 2010; since the <a href="/wiki/2011_G20_Cannes_summit" title="2011 G20 Cannes summit">November 2011 Cannes summit</a>, G20 summits have been annual. </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> literally mean 'The World Is One Family' </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> Currently suspended from Partnership for Peace. </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> Excluding intra-EU trade. The complete number according to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stats.wto.org/dashboard/merchandise_en.html">WTO stats dashboard: Total merchandise, Exports, 2023</a> in 2022 is 14,610.4 bil. USD </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> 23 out of 27 EU states are classified as advanced </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPDPC@WEO/AFQ">International Monatary Fund: GDP per capita, current prices – U.S. dollars per capita</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/PPPPC@WEO/AFQ">International Monatary Fund: GDP per capita, current prices – Purchasing power parity; international dollars per capita</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> 2020 </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> 2021 </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=G20&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-g20faq-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-g20faq_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-g20faq_1-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.g20.org/about_faq.aspx#5_What_are_the_criteria_for_G-20_membership">"FAQ #5: What are the criteria for G-20 membership?"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090216194340/http://g20.org/about_faq.aspx#5_What_are_the_criteria_for_G-20_membership">Archived</a> 16 February 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 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Retrieved 21 February 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPogge2023" class="citation journal cs1">Pogge, Thomas (17 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/records/10014908">"The African Union - Rising"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Academics_Stand_Against_Poverty" title="Academics Stand Against Poverty">Journal of Academics Stand Against Poverty</a>. 3 (1). 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Retrieved 9 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+The+G20+%E2%80%93+G20+Presidency+of+Indonesia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fg20.org%2Fabout-the-g20%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG20" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.g20-insights.org/think_tanks/">"Think Tanks"</a>. G20 Insights. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201212045828/https://www.g20-insights.org/think_tanks/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2020. Retrieved 10 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=G20+Insights&rft.atitle=Think+Tanks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.g20-insights.org%2Fthink_tanks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG20" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140203221850/http://www.g20.org/about_g20/past_summits">Past Summits</a>" </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/09/24/us.g.twenty.summit/index.html">"Officials: G-20 to supplant G-8 as international economic council"</a>. 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Andrew Heywood. 11 March 2014. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-34926-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-34926-2"><bdi>978-1-137-34926-2</bdi></a>. 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Retrieved 27 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=Norway+Takes+Aim+at+G-20%3A+%27One+of+the+Greatest+Setbacks+Since+World+War+II%27&rft.date=2010-06-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Feurope%2F0%2C1518%2C702104%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG20" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FPNoArgentina-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FPNoArgentina_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBosco2012" class="citation news cs1">Bosco, David (19 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2012/04/19/who-would-replace-argentina-on-the-g20/">"Who would replace Argentina on the G20?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201031172225/https://foreignpolicy.com/2012/04/19/who-would-replace-argentina-on-the-g20/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 24 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=Who+would+replace+Argentina+on+the+G20%3F&rft.date=2012-04-19&rft.aulast=Bosco&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2012%2F04%2F19%2Fwho-would-replace-argentina-on-the-g20%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG20" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-G20Protests2010-16"><a href="#cite_ref-G20Protests2010_16-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrenchPav_Jordan2010" class="citation news cs1">French, Cameron; Pav Jordan (17 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201027001725/https://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCATRE65E4RB20100617?pageNumber=1&virtualBrandChannel=0">"Toronto G20 protest hints at more to come"</a>. Reuters. Toronto. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCATRE65E4RB20100617?pageNumber=1&virtualBrandChannel=0">the original</a> on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Toronto+G20+protest+hints+at+more+to+come&rft.date=2010-06-17&rft.aulast=French&rft.aufirst=Cameron&rft.au=Pav+Jordan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fca.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FtopNews%2FidCATRE65E4RB20100617%3FpageNumber%3D1%26virtualBrandChannel%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG20" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-G20Protests2017-17"><a href="#cite_ref-G20Protests2017_17-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbedi2017" class="citation news cs1">Abedi, Maham (7 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/3576435/g20-summit-why-people-protest/">"G20 protests: Why the international summit attracts so much anger"</a>. Hamburg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220511180420/https://globalnews.ca/news/3576435/g20-summit-why-people-protest/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2022. Retrieved 11 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=G20+protests%3A+Why+the+international+summit+attracts+so+much+anger&rft.date=2017-07-07&rft.aulast=Abedi&rft.aufirst=Maham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F3576435%2Fg20-summit-why-people-protest%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG20" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> See, e.g., <a href="#CITEREFWoods2006">Woods 2006</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGilpin2001">Gilpin 2001</a>; <a href="#CITEREFMarkwell2006">Markwell 2006</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.g20.utoronto.ca/g20whatisit.html">"What is the G20?"</a>. University of Toronto. 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220901032607/http://www.g20.utoronto.ca/g20whatisit.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 September 2022. Retrieved 12 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+the+G20%3F&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.g20.utoronto.ca%2Fg20whatisit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG20" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColin_I._BradfordJohannes_F._Linn2004" class="citation web cs1">Colin I. Bradford; <a href="/wiki/Johannes_F._Linn" title="Johannes F. Linn">Johannes F. Linn</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/research/global-economic-governance-at-a-crossroads-replacing-the-g-7-with-the-g-20/">"Global Economics"</a>. Brookings Institution. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220511181704/https://www.brookings.edu/research/global-economic-governance-at-a-crossroads-replacing-the-g-7-with-the-g-20/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2022. Retrieved 12 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+Economics&rft.pub=Brookings+Institution&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Colin+I.+Bradford&rft.au=Johannes+F.+Linn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brookings.edu%2Fresearch%2Fglobal-economic-governance-at-a-crossroads-replacing-the-g-7-with-the-g-20%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG20" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bradford2010-21"><a href="#cite_ref-Bradford2010_21-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradford2010" class="citation web cs1">Bradford, Colin I. (23 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2010/06/23/web-chat-previewing-the-g-20-summit/">"Web Chat: Previewing the G-20 Summit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201225153718/https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2010/06/23/web-chat-previewing-the-g-20-summit/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2020. Retrieved 7 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Web+Chat%3A+Previewing+the+G-20+Summit&rft.pub=Brookings+Institution&rft.date=2010-06-23&rft.aulast=Bradford&rft.aufirst=Colin+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brookings.edu%2Fblog%2Fup-front%2F2010%2F06%2F23%2Fweb-chat-previewing-the-g-20-summit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG20" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kirton-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kirton_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirton_22-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirton_22-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirton2013" class="citation web cs1">Kirton, John (17 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.g20.utoronto.ca/biblio/kirton-aiia-2013.html">"Explaining G20 Summit Success"</a>. G20 Information Centre. <a href="/wiki/Munk_School_of_Global_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Munk School of Global Affairs">Munk School of Global Affairs</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201225154045/http://www.g20.utoronto.ca/biblio/kirton-aiia-2013.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2020. Retrieved 7 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=G20+Information+Centre&rft.atitle=Explaining+G20+Summit+Success&rft.date=2013-12-17&rft.aulast=Kirton&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.g20.utoronto.ca%2Fbiblio%2Fkirton-aiia-2013.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG20" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kilpatrick-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kilpatrick_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kilpatrick_23-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macleans.ca/2010/07/01/who-gets-to-rule-the-world/">"Who gets to rule the world"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131221071945/http://www2.macleans.ca/2010/07/01/who-gets-to-rule-the-world/">Archived</a> 21 December 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Sean Kilpatrick. <a href="/wiki/Maclean%27s" title="Maclean's">Maclean's</a> magazine (Canada). 1 July 2010 </li> <li id="cite_note-IbbitsonPerkins-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IbbitsonPerkins_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IbbitsonPerkins_24-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IbbitsonPerkins_24-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIbbitsonPerkins2010" class="citation news cs1">Ibbitson, John; Perkins, Tara (18 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/how-canada-made-the-g20-happen/article4322767/?page=all">"How Canada made the G20 happen"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220906200524/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/how-canada-made-the-g20-happen/article4322767/?page=all">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2022. 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The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220325140134/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/g20-biden-russia-expelled-ukraine-b2043971.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 March 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=What+is+the+G20+and+could+Russia+be+expelled%3F&rft.date=2022-03-25&rft.aulast=Sommerlad&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fg20-biden-russia-expelled-ukraine-b2043971.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG20" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoisvert2022" class="citation news cs1">Boisvert, Nick (31 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/russia-g20-trudeau-1.6404249">"Trudeau calls on G20 to reconsider Russia's seat at the table"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220705201848/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/russia-g20-trudeau-1.6404249">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Trudeau+calls+on+G20+to+reconsider+Russia%27s+seat+at+the+table&rft.date=2022-03-31&rft.aulast=Boisvert&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Frussia-g20-trudeau-1.6404249&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG20" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPettypiece2022" class="citation web cs1">Pettypiece, Shannon (24 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/biden-says-allies-must-stay-united-russia-expel-g20-rcna21381">"Biden says allies must stay united against Russia, expel it from the G-20"</a>. NBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220325000753/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/biden-says-allies-must-stay-united-russia-expel-g20-rcna21381">Archived</a> from the original on 25 March 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biden+says+allies+must+stay+united+against+Russia%2C+expel+it+from+the+G-20&rft.pub=NBC+News&rft.date=2022-03-24&rft.aulast=Pettypiece&rft.aufirst=Shannon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fwhite-house%2Fbiden-says-allies-must-stay-united-russia-expel-g20-rcna21381&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG20" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-russia2022-125"><a href="#cite_ref-russia2022_125-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeresia2022" class="citation web cs1">Teresia, Ananda (10 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/russias-putin-will-not-attend-g20-summit-bali-indonesian-official-2022-11-10/">"Russia's Putin will not attend G20 summit in Bali in person"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221110214553/https://www.reuters.com/world/russias-putin-will-not-attend-g20-summit-bali-indonesian-official-2022-11-10/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2022. Retrieved 12 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia%27s+Putin+will+not+attend+G20+summit+in+Bali+in+person&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2022-11-10&rft.aulast=Teresia&rft.aufirst=Ananda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Frussias-putin-will-not-attend-g20-summit-bali-indonesian-official-2022-11-10%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG20" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWong2022" class="citation web cs1">Wong, Tessa (15 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-63632161/">"Ukraine: Zelensky snubs Russia as he addresses 'G19' at G20"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221115142312/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-63632161">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2022. Retrieved 15 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ukraine%3A+Zelensky+snubs+Russia+as+he+addresses+%27G19%27+at+G20&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2022-11-15&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=Tessa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-63632161%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG20" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=G20&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper2011" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_F._Cooper" title="Andrew F. Cooper">Cooper, Andrew F.</a> (2011). "The G20 and Its Regional Critics: The Search for Inclusion". Global Policy. 2 (2): 203–209. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1758-5899.2011.00081.x">10.1111/j.1758-5899.2011.00081.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1758-5899">1758-5899</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Policy&rft.atitle=The+G20+and+Its+Regional+Critics%3A+The+Search+for+Inclusion&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=203-209&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1758-5899.2011.00081.x&rft.issn=1758-5899&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Andrew+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG20" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilpin2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gilpin" title="Robert Gilpin">Gilpin, Robert</a> (2001). Global Political Economy: Understanding the International Economic Order. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-08676-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-08676-7"><bdi>978-0-691-08676-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Global+Political+Economy%3A+Understanding+the+International+Economic+Order&rft.place=Princeton%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-691-08676-7&rft.aulast=Gilpin&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG20" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarkwell2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Markwell" title="Donald Markwell">Markwell, Donald</a> (2006). John Maynard Keynes and International Relations: Economic Paths to War and Peace. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780198292364.001.0001">10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198292364.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-829236-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-829236-4"><bdi>978-0-19-829236-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Maynard+Keynes+and+International+Relations%3A+Economic+Paths+to+War+and+Peace&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780198292364.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-829236-4&rft.aulast=Markwell&rft.aufirst=Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG20" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWade2009" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wade_(scholar)" title="Robert Wade (scholar)">Wade, Robert</a> (2009). "From Global Imbalances to Global Reorganisations". Cambridge Journal of Economics. 33 (4): 539–562. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fcje%2Fbep032">10.1093/cje/bep032</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10.1093%2Fcje%2Fbep032">10.1093/cje/bep032</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1464-3545">1464-3545</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+Journal+of+Economics&rft.atitle=From+Global+Imbalances+to+Global+Reorganisations&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=539-562&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10.1093%2Fcje%2Fbep032&rft.issn=1464-3545&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fcje%2Fbep032&rft.aulast=Wade&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG20" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoods2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ngaire_Woods" title="Ngaire Woods">Woods, Ngaire</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/globalizersimfwo00wood">The Globalizers: The IMF, the World Bank, and Their Borrowers</a>. Cornell Studies in Money. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-4424-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-4424-1"><bdi>978-0-8014-4424-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctt1ffjpgn">10.7591/j.ctt1ffjpgn</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Globalizers%3A+The+IMF%2C+the+World+Bank%2C+and+Their+Borrowers&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+New+York&rft.series=Cornell+Studies+in+Money&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.7591%2Fj.ctt1ffjpgn%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-4424-1&rft.aulast=Woods&rft.aufirst=Ngaire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fglobalizersimfwo00wood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG20" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoutersVan_Kerckhoven2011" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Wouters_(legal_scholar)" title="Jan Wouters (legal scholar)">Wouters, Jan</a>; Van Kerckhoven, Sven (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170812093640/http://docs.law.gwu.edu/stdg/gwilr/PDFs/43-2/6-%20Wouters%20Van%20Kerckhoven.pdf">"OECD and the G20: An Ever Closer Relationship"</a> (PDF). George Washington International Law Review. 43 (2): 345–374. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1534-9977">1534-9977</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docs.law.gwu.edu/stdg/gwilr/PDFs/43-2/6-%20Wouters%20Van%20Kerckhoven.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=George+Washington+International+Law+Review&rft.atitle=OECD+and+the+G20%3A+An+Ever+Closer+Relationship&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=345-374&rft.date=2011&rft.issn=1534-9977&rft.aulast=Wouters&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft.au=Van+Kerckhoven%2C+Sven&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocs.law.gwu.edu%2Fstdg%2Fgwilr%2FPDFs%2F43-2%2F6-%2520Wouters%2520Van%2520Kerckhoven.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG20" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=G20&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaas1992" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_M._Haas" title="Peter M. Haas">Haas, Peter M.</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906050617/https://www.unc.edu/~fbaum/teaching/articles/IO-1992-Haas.pdf">"Introduction: Epistemic Communities and International Policy Coordination"</a> (PDF). International Organization. 46 (1): 1–35. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0020818300001442">10.1017/S0020818300001442</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1531-5088">1531-5088</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2706951">2706951</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145360263">145360263</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unc.edu/~fbaum/teaching/articles/IO-1992-Haas.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 6 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Organization&rft.atitle=Introduction%3A+Epistemic+Communities+and+International+Policy+Coordination&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-35&rft.date=1992&rft.issn=1531-5088&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145360263%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2706951%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0020818300001442&rft.aulast=Haas&rft.aufirst=Peter+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unc.edu%2F~fbaum%2Fteaching%2Farticles%2FIO-1992-Haas.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG20" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHajnal2007" class="citation book cs1">Hajnal, Peter I. (2007). The G8 System and the G20: Evolution, Role and Documentation. Global Finance Series. Aldershot, England: Ashgate Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-4550-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-4550-4"><bdi>978-0-7546-4550-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+G8+System+and+the+G20%3A+Evolution%2C+Role+and+Documentation&rft.place=Aldershot%2C+England&rft.series=Global+Finance+Series&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-4550-4&rft.aulast=Hajnal&rft.aufirst=Peter+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG20" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirton2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Kirton" title="John Kirton">Kirton, John J.</a> (2013). G20 Governance for a Globalized World. Global Finance Series. Abingdon, England: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-2829-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-2829-9"><bdi>978-1-4094-2829-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=G20+Governance+for+a+Globalized+World&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+England&rft.series=Global+Finance+Series&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4094-2829-9&rft.aulast=Kirton&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG20" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReinaldaVerbeek1998" class="citation book cs1">Reinalda, Bob; Verbeek, Bertjan, eds. (1998). Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations. Routledge/ECPR Studies in European Political Science. Vol. 5. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-16486-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-16486-3"><bdi>978-0-415-16486-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Autonomous+Policy+Making+by+International+Organizations&rft.place=London&rft.series=Routledge%2FECPR+Studies+in+European+Political+Science&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-415-16486-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG20" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamansUzanLopez-Claros2007" class="citation book cs1">Samans, Richard; Uzan, Marc; Lopez-Claros, Augusto, eds. (2007). The International Monetary System, the IMF and the G-20: A Great Transformation in the Making?. Basingstoke, England: Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-52495-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-52495-8"><bdi>978-0-230-52495-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+International+Monetary+System%2C+the+IMF+and+the+G-20%3A+A+Great+Transformation+in+the+Making%3F&rft.place=Basingstoke%2C+England&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-230-52495-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG20" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFirzli2017" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/World_Pensions_%26_Investments_Forum" title="World Pensions & Investments Forum">Firzli, Nicolas J.</a> (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amnt.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/G20-Nations-Shifting-the-Trillions__RAF__Q3-2017.pdf">"G20 Nations Shifting the Trillions: Impact Investing, Green Infrastructure and Inclusive Growth"</a> (PDF). Revue Analyse Financière. 64 (3): 15–18. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170802004444/http://amnt.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/G20-Nations-Shifting-the-Trillions__RAF__Q3-2017.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+Analyse+Financi%C3%A8re&rft.atitle=G20+Nations+Shifting+the+Trillions%3A+Impact+Investing%2C+Green+Infrastructure+and+Inclusive+Growth&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=15-18&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Firzli&rft.aufirst=Nicolas+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famnt.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F07%2FG20-Nations-Shifting-the-Trillions__RAF__Q3-2017.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG20" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=G20&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External 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navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Change" title="United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_power" title="Economic power">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_superpower" title="Energy superpower">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_power" title="Food power">Food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_power" title="Hard power">Hard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_power" title="Maritime power">Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_power" title="National power">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_politics" title="Power politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realpolitik" title="Realpolitik">Realpolitik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharp_power" title="Sharp power">Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_power" title="Smart power">Smart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_power" title="Soft power">Soft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Status</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_power" title="Small power">Small</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_power" title="Middle power">Middle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_power" title="Regional power">Regional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerging_power" title="Emerging power">Emerging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Least_of_the_Great_Powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Least of the Great Powers">Least Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_power" title="Great power">Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potential_superpower" title="Potential superpower">Potential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superpower" title="Superpower">Super</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><a href="/wiki/Geopolitics" title="Geopolitics">Geopolitics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Century" title="American Century">American</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pax_Americana" title="Pax Americana">Pax</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Century" title="Asian Century">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Century" title="Chinese Century">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Century" title="Indian Century">Indian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Century" title="Pacific Century">Pacific</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_great_powers" title="List of ancient great powers">List of ancient great powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_great_powers" title="List of medieval great powers">List of medieval great powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_great_powers" title="List of modern great powers">List of modern great powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_relations_(1814%E2%80%931919)" title="International relations (1814–1919)">International relations (1814–1919)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Western_era" title="Post-Western era">Post-Western era</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Theory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_decline" title="American decline">American decline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balance_of_power_(international_relations)" title="Balance of power (international relations)">Balance of power</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_balance_of_power" title="European balance of power">European</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deterrence_theory" title="Deterrence theory">Deterrence theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegemonic_stability_theory" title="Hegemonic stability theory">Hegemonic stability theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilateralism" title="Multilateralism">Multilateralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_(social_and_political)" title="Power (social and political)">Philosophy of power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polarity_(international_relations)" title="Polarity (international relations)">Polarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_projection" title="Power projection">Power projection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_transition_theory" title="Power transition theory">Power transition theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Superpower" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Superpower">Second Superpower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphere_of_influence" title="Sphere of influence">Sphere of influence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superpower_collapse" class="mw-redirect" title="Superpower collapse">Superpower collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superpower_disengagement" class="mw-redirect" title="Superpower disengagement">Superpower disengagement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Studies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Composite_Index_of_National_Capability" title="Composite Index of National Capability">Composite Index of National Capability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_National_Power" title="Comprehensive National Power">Comprehensive National Power</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Organizations_and_groups_by_region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Regional_organization" title="Regional organization">Organizations and groups</a> by region</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_Mediterranean" title="Union for the Mediterranean">Union for the Mediterranean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Africa–Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council">Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Caribbean_States" title="Association of Caribbean States">Association of Caribbean States (ACS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Community" title="Caribbean Community">Caribbean Community (CARICOM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_Integration_System" title="Central American Integration System">Central American Integration System (SICA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Latin_American_and_Caribbean_States" title="Community of Latin American and Caribbean States">Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States (OAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_American_Nations" title="Union of South American Nations">Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Cooperation_Dialogue" title="Asia Cooperation Dialogue">Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal_Initiative_for_Multi-Sectoral_Technical_and_Economic_Cooperation" title="Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation">Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conference_on_Interaction_and_Confidence-Building_Measures_in_Asia" title="Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia">Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trilateral_Cooperation_Secretariat" title="Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat">Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat (TCS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Black_Sea_Economic_Cooperation" title="Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation">Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe (CoE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Political_Community" title="European Political Community">European Political Community (EPC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union (EU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Council" title="Nordic Council">Nordic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visegr%C3%A1d_Group" title="Visegrád Group">Visegrád Group (V4)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Eurasia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization" title="Collective Security Treaty Organization">Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Union" title="Eurasian Economic Union">Eurasian Economic Union (EaEU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Turkic_States" title="Organization of Turkic States">Organization of Turkic States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">North America–Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Council" title="Arctic Council">Arctic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Africa–Asia–Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_Mediterranean" title="Union for the Mediterranean">Union for the Mediterranean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Africa–South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic_Peace_and_Cooperation_Zone" title="South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone">South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Oceania–Pacific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS">Australia–New Zealand–United States Security Treaty (ANZUS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_Spearhead_Group" title="Melanesian Spearhead Group">Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="Pacific Islands Forum">Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_Leaders_Group" title="Polynesian Leaders Group">Polynesian Leaders Group (PLG)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em;padding:0.35em 1.0em;line-height:1.25em;">Non–regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">Brazil–Russia–India–China–South Africa (BRICS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Portuguese_Speaking_Countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries">Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E9_(countries)" title="E9 (countries)">E9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G4_nations" title="G4 nations">G4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G7" title="G7">G7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_Eight" class="mw-redirect" title="Group of Eight">G8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G8%2B5" title="G8+5">G8+5</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">G20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_24" title="Group of 24">G24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_77" title="Group of 77">G77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBSA_Dialogue_Forum" title="IBSA Dialogue Forum">India–Brazil–South Africa Dialogue Forum (IBSA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" title="Organisation internationale de la Francophonie">Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniting_for_Consensus" title="Uniting for Consensus">Uniting for Consensus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Global</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations (UN)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="G20_major_economies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:G20" title="Template:G20"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:G20" title="Template talk:G20"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:G20" title="Special:EditPage/Template:G20"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="G20_major_economies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">G20 major economies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heads_of_state_of_the_G20" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_current_heads_of_state_of_G20" title="Template:List of current heads of state of G20"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_current_heads_of_state_of_G20" title="Template talk:List of current heads of state of G20"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_current_heads_of_state_of_G20" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of current heads of state of G20"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_state_of_the_G20" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Heads of state</a> of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">G20</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union"><img alt="African Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a>  <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ould_Ghazouani" title="Mohamed Ould Ghazouani">Ghazouani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Javier_Milei" title="Javier Milei">Milei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Lula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Michel" title="Charles Michel">Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Macron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Frank-Walter_Steinmeier" title="Frank-Walter Steinmeier">Steinmeier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Droupadi_Murmu" title="Droupadi Murmu">Murmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto" title="Prabowo Subianto">Prabowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Mattarella" title="Sergio Mattarella">Mattarella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Naruhito" title="Naruhito">Naruhito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum" title="Claudia Sheinbaum">Sheinbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Saudi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Salman of Saudi Arabia">Salman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Ramaphosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Yoon_Suk_Yeol" title="Yoon Suk Yeol">Yoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_current_heads_of_government_of_G20" title="Template:List of current heads of government of G20"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_current_heads_of_government_of_G20" title="Template talk:List of current heads of government of G20"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_current_heads_of_government_of_G20" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of current heads of government of G20"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_government_of_the_G20" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Heads of government</a> of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">G20</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union"><img alt="African Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Moussa_Faki" title="Moussa Faki">Faki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Javier_Milei" title="Javier Milei">Milei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Albanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Lula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Trudeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">von der Leyen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Michel_Barnier" title="Michel Barnier">Barnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Scholz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto" title="Prabowo Subianto">Prabowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Meloni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Ishiba" title="Shigeru Ishiba">Ishiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum" title="Claudia Sheinbaum">Sheinbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Mishustin" title="Mikhail Mishustin">Mishustin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Saudi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman">Mohammed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Ramaphosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Yoon_Suk_Yeol" title="Yoon Suk Yeol">Yoon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Korea" title="Prime Minister of South Korea">Prime Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Han_Duck-soo" title="Han Duck-soo">Han</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Starmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_the_G20" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Current_G20_leaders" title="Template:Current G20 leaders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Current_G20_leaders" title="Template talk:Current G20 leaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_G20_leaders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Current G20 leaders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_the_G20" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Leaders of the G20</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union"><img alt="African Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ould_Ghazouani" title="Mohamed Ould Ghazouani">Ghazouani</a> / <a href="/wiki/Moussa_Faki" title="Moussa Faki">Faki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Javier_Milei" title="Javier Milei">Milei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Albanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Lula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Trudeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Michel" title="Charles Michel">Michel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">von der Leyen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Macron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Scholz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto" title="Prabowo Subianto">Prabowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Meloni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Ishiba" title="Shigeru Ishiba">Ishiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum" title="Claudia Sheinbaum">Sheinbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Saudi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Salman of Saudi Arabia">Salman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Ramaphosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Yoon_Suk_Yeol" title="Yoon Suk Yeol">Yoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Starmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Foreign_ministers_of_the_G20" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:G20-Foreign" title="Template:G20-Foreign"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:G20-Foreign" title="Template talk:G20-Foreign"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:G20-Foreign" title="Special:EditPage/Template:G20-Foreign"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Foreign_ministers_of_the_G20" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign minister">Foreign ministers</a> of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">G20</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union"><img alt="African Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Josep_Borrell" title="Josep Borrell">Borrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jean-No%C3%ABl_Barrot" title="Jean-Noël Barrot">Barrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Annalena_Baerbock" title="Annalena Baerbock">Baerbock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/S._Jaishankar" title="S. Jaishankar">Jaishankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sugiono" title="Sugiono">Sugiono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Juan_Ram%C3%B3n_de_la_Fuente" title="Juan Ramón de la Fuente">De la Fuente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Lavrov" title="Sergey Lavrov">Lavrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Saudi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Faisal_bin_Farhan_Al_Saud" title="Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud">Faisal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/David_Lammy" title="David Lammy">Lammy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Blinken</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:G20-Finance" title="Special:EditPage/Template:G20-Finance"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Finance_ministers_of_the_G20" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Finance_minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Finance minister">Finance ministers</a> of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">G20</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union"><img alt="African Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jim_Chalmers" title="Jim Chalmers">Chalmers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lan_Fo%27an" title="Lan Fo'an">Lan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Gentiloni" title="Paolo Gentiloni">Gentiloni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Armand" title="Antoine Armand">Armand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6rg_Kukies" title="Jörg Kukies">Kukies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Christine_Lagarde" title="Christine Lagarde">Lagarde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Villeroy_de_Galhau" title="François Villeroy de Galhau">Villeroy de Galhau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Nagel" title="Joachim Nagel">Nagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Shaktikanta_Das" title="Shaktikanta Das">Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Perry_Warjiyo" title="Perry Warjiyo">Warjiyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Fabio_Panetta" title="Fabio Panetta">Panetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kazuo_Ueda" title="Kazuo Ueda">Ueda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Ceja" title="Victoria Rodríguez Ceja">Rodríguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elvira_Nabiullina" title="Elvira Nabiullina">Nabiullina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Saudi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Fahad_Almubarak" title="Fahad Almubarak">Almubarak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lesetja_Kganyago" title="Lesetja Kganyago">Kganyago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rhee_Chang-yong" title="Rhee Chang-yong">Rhee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Fatih_Karahan" title="Fatih Karahan">Karahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bailey_(banker)" title="Andrew Bailey (banker)">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Powell" title="Jerome Powell">Powell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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title="2017 G20 Hamburg summit">2017 Hamburg</a> (12th)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_G20_Buenos_Aires_summit" title="2018 G20 Buenos Aires summit">2018 Buenos Aires</a> (13th)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_G20_Osaka_summit" title="2019 G20 Osaka summit">2019 Osaka</a> (14th)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_extraordinary_G20_summit_on_COVID-19" title="2020 extraordinary G20 summit on COVID-19">2020 extraordinary on COVID-19</a> / <a href="/wiki/2020_G20_Riyadh_summit" title="2020 G20 Riyadh summit">2020 Riyadh</a> (15th)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_G20_Rome_summit" title="2021 G20 Rome summit">2021 Rome</a> (16th)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_G20_Bali_summit" title="2022 G20 Bali summit">2022 Bali</a> (17th)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_G20_New_Delhi_summit" title="2023 G20 New Delhi summit">2023 Delhi</a> (18th)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_G20_Rio_de_Janeiro_summit" title="2024 G20 Rio de Janeiro summit">2024 Rio de Janeiro</a> (19th)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121170760">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/171574753">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1086799135">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2006040023">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16525845n">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16525845n">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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