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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Crew</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Crew-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Crew subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Crew-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Backup_crew" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Backup_crew"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Backup crew</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Backup_crew-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crew_seat_assignments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crew_seat_assignments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Crew seat assignments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crew_seat_assignments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ascent_failure_and_disaster" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ascent_failure_and_disaster"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ascent failure and disaster</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ascent_failure_and_disaster-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crew_fate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crew_fate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Crew fate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crew_fate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mission_objectives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mission_objectives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Mission objectives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mission_objectives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mission_insignia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mission_insignia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Mission insignia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mission_insignia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">STS-51-L</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="STS-51-L" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="STS-51-L" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51L" title="STS-51L – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="STS-51L" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="STS-51-L" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="STS-51-L" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="STS-51-L" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="STS-51-L" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="STS-51-L" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="STS-51-L" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="STS-51-L" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3-%DB%B5%DB%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84" title="اس‌تی‌اس-۵۱-ال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اس‌تی‌اس-۵۱-ال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="STS-51-L" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="STS-51-L" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="STS-51-L" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="STS-51-L" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="STS-51-L" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="STS-51-L" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS%E2%80%9351%E2%80%93L" title="STS–51–L – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="STS–51–L" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="STS-51-L" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="STS-51-L" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="STS-51-L" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="STS-51-L" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="STS-51-L" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="STS-51-L" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51L" title="STS-51L – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="STS-51L" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="STS-51-L" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="STS-51-L" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="STS-51-L" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA-51-%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5" title="เอสทีเอส-51-แอล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอสทีเอส-51-แอล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="STS-51-L" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="STS-51-L" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="STS-51-L" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q19050#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/STS-51-L" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:STS-51-L" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Failed 1986 American crewed spaceflight</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For detailed information on the accident, see <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Challenger disaster">Space Shuttle Challenger disaster</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1089065853">.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight{width:25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight .infobox-header{background:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .ib-edit-wd{float:right}</style><table class="infobox ib-spaceflight"><caption class="infobox-title">STS-51-L</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-51-L.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/STS-51-L.jpg/260px-STS-51-L.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/STS-51-L.jpg/390px-STS-51-L.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/STS-51-L.jpg/520px-STS-51-L.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><i>Challenger</i> launches at the start of STS-51-L. 73 seconds later, the right SRB aft strut would fail, causing the aerodynamic breakup of the orbiter and the deaths of all 7 crew on board.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Names</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Space_Transportation_System" title="Space Transportation System">Space Transportation System</a>-25</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission type</th><td class="infobox-data">Satellite deployment</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission duration</th><td class="infobox-data">6 days and 34 minutes (planned)<br />1 minute and 13 seconds (achieved)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Distance travelled</th><td class="infobox-data">18 mi (29 km)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Orbits completed</th><td class="infobox-data">Failed to achieve orbit (96 planned)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Spacecraft properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spacecraft</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a></span> <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger" title="Space Shuttle Challenger"><i>Challenger</i></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch mass</th><td class="infobox-data">2,685,210 lb (1,217,990 kg)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landing mass</th><td class="infobox-data">199,704 lb (90,584 kg) (planned)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Payload mass</th><td class="infobox-data">48,363 lb (21,937 kg)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Crew</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Crew size</th><td class="infobox-data">7</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Members</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Scobee" title="Dick Scobee">Francis R. "Dick" Scobee</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Smith_(astronaut)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael J. Smith (astronaut)">Michael J. Smith</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ellison_Onizuka" title="Ellison Onizuka">Ellison S. Onizuka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Resnik" title="Judith Resnik">Judith A. Resnik</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_McNair" title="Ronald McNair">Ronald E. McNair</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Jarvis" title="Gregory Jarvis">Gregory B. Jarvis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Christa_McAuliffe" title="Christa McAuliffe">S. Christa McAuliffe</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Start of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch date</th><td class="infobox-data">January 28, 1986, 16:38:00<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart">1986-01-28UTC16:38</span>)</span> <a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a> (11:38 am <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Standard Time">EST</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch site</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39B" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39B">LC-39B</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Contractor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rockwell_International" title="Rockwell International">Rockwell International</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">End of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Destroyed</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Challenger disaster">January 28, 1986, 16:39:13 UTC (11:39:13 am EST)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landing date</th><td class="infobox-data">February 3, 1986, 17:12:00 UTC (12:12 pm EST) (planned)<sup id="cite_ref-Mission_Archives_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mission_Archives-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landing site</th><td class="infobox-data">Kennedy, <a href="/wiki/Shuttle_Landing_Facility" title="Shuttle Landing Facility">SLF Runway 33</a> (planned)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Orbital parameters</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference system</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geocentric_orbit" title="Geocentric orbit">Geocentric orbit</a> (planned)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Regime</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">Low Earth orbit</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Perigee altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">177 mi (285 km)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Apogee altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">183 mi (295 km)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">Inclination</a></th><td class="infobox-data">28.45°</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Period</a></th><td class="infobox-data">90.40 minutes</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Instruments</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Comet Halley Active Monitoring Program (CHAMP)</li><li>Fluid Dynamics Experiment (FDE)</li><li>Phase Partitioning Experiment (PPE)</li><li>Shuttle Pointed Autonomous Research Tool for Astronomy (SPARTAN-203)</li><li>Shuttle Student Involvement Program (SSIP)</li><li>Teacher in Space Project (TISP)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-51-L.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/STS-51-L.svg/180px-STS-51-L.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/STS-51-L.svg/270px-STS-51-L.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/STS-51-L.svg/360px-STS-51-L.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="692" data-file-height="633" /></a></span><br />STS-51-L mission patch<br /> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg/220px-Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg/330px-Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg/440px-Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3869" data-file-height="3095" /></a></span><br />Back row: <a href="/wiki/Ellison_Onizuka" title="Ellison Onizuka">Onizuka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christa_McAuliffe" title="Christa McAuliffe">McAuliffe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Jarvis" title="Gregory Jarvis">Jarvis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Judith_Resnik" title="Judith Resnik">Resnik</a><br />Front row: <a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Smith_(astronaut)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael J. Smith (astronaut)">Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dick_Scobee" title="Dick Scobee">Scobee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ronald_McNair" title="Ronald McNair">McNair</a><div class="" style="width:100%; text-align:center; border-top:1px #aaa solid"><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program" title="Space Shuttle program">Space Shuttle program</a></div><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/STS-61-C" title="STS-61-C">STS-61-C</a> (24)</div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/STS-26" title="STS-26">STS-26</a> →<br />Cancelled: <a href="/wiki/STS-61-E" title="STS-61-E">STS-61-E</a> →</div></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>STS-51-L</b> was the disastrous 25th mission of <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program" title="Space Shuttle program">Space Shuttle program</a> and the final flight of <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger" title="Space Shuttle Challenger">Space Shuttle <i>Challenger</i></a>. </p><p>It was planned as the first <a href="/wiki/Teacher_in_Space_Project" title="Teacher in Space Project">Teacher in Space Project</a> flight in addition to observing <a href="/wiki/Halley%27s_Comet" title="Halley's Comet">Halley's Comet</a> for six days and performing a routine satellite deployment. The mission never achieved orbit; a <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Challenger disaster">structural failure</a> during its ascent phase 73 seconds after launch from <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39B" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39B">Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39B</a> on January 28, 1986, killed all seven crew members —Commander <a href="/wiki/Dick_Scobee" title="Dick Scobee">Francis R. "Dick" Scobee</a>, Pilot <a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Smith_(astronaut)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael J. Smith (astronaut)">Michael J. Smith</a>, Mission Specialists <a href="/wiki/Ellison_Onizuka" title="Ellison Onizuka">Ellison S. Onizuka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judith_Resnik" title="Judith Resnik">Judith A. Resnik</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ronald_McNair" title="Ronald McNair">Ronald E. McNair</a>, and Payload Specialists <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Jarvis" title="Gregory Jarvis">Gregory B. Jarvis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christa_McAuliffe" title="Christa McAuliffe">S. Christa McAuliffe</a>—and destroyed the orbiter. </p><p>Immediately after the failure, President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> convened the <a href="/wiki/Rogers_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Rogers Commission">Rogers Commission</a> to determine the cause of the explosion. The failure of an <a href="/wiki/O-ring" title="O-ring">O-ring</a> seal on the starboard <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Solid_Rocket_Booster" title="Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster">Solid Rocket Booster (SRB)</a> was determined to have caused the shuttle to break up in flight. Space Shuttle flights were suspended for 32 months while the O-rings and other hazards that could have destroyed the vehicle on following missions were addressed. Shuttle missions resumed in September 1988 with <a href="/wiki/STS-26" title="STS-26">STS-26</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Planned_mission">Planned mission</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STS-51-L&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Planned mission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tenth mission for <i>Challenger</i>, STS-51-L, was scheduled to deploy the second in a series of <a href="/wiki/Tracking_and_Data_Relay_Satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Tracking and Data Relay Satellite">Tracking and Data Relay Satellites</a> (<a href="/wiki/TDRS-B" title="TDRS-B">TDRS-B</a>), carry out the first flight of the "Shuttle Pointed Autonomous Research Tool for Astronomy" (<a href="/wiki/Spartan_Halley" title="Spartan Halley">SPARTAN-203</a>) / Halley's Comet Experiment Deployable in order to observe Halley's Comet, and carry out several lessons from space as part of the <a href="/wiki/Teacher_in_Space_Project" title="Teacher in Space Project">Teacher in Space Project</a> and Shuttle Student Involvement Program (SSIP). The flight marked the first American <a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">orbital mission</a> to involve in-flight fatalities. It was also the first American human spaceflight mission to launch and fail to reach space; the first such mission in the world had been the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_18a" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz 18a">Soyuz 18a</a> mission, in which the two crew members had survived. Gregory Jarvis was originally scheduled to fly on the previous shuttle flight (<a href="/wiki/STS-61-C" title="STS-61-C">STS-61-C</a>), but he was reassigned to this flight and replaced by <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Congress">Congressman</a> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Nelson" title="Bill Nelson">Clarence W. "Bill" Nelson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crew">Crew</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STS-51-L&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Crew"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:150px;"><a href="/wiki/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions" title="Astronaut ranks and positions">Position</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width:200px;">Astronaut </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Commander </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dick_Scobee" title="Dick Scobee">Francis R. "Dick" Scobee</a><br />Would have been second spaceflight </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Pilot </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Smith_(astronaut)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael J. Smith (astronaut)">Michael J. Smith</a><br />Would have been first spaceflight </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Mission Specialist 1 </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ellison_Onizuka" title="Ellison Onizuka">Ellison S. Onizuka</a><br />Would have been second spaceflight </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Mission Specialist 2<br />Flight Engineer </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Judith_Resnik" title="Judith Resnik">Judith A. Resnik</a><br />Would have been second spaceflight </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Mission Specialist 3 </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_McNair" title="Ronald McNair">Ronald E. McNair</a><br />Would have been second spaceflight </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Payload Specialist 2 </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Jarvis" title="Gregory Jarvis">Gregory B. Jarvis</a><br />Would have been first spaceflight<br /><a href="/wiki/Hughes_Aircraft_Company" title="Hughes Aircraft Company">Hughes Space and Communications</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Payload Specialist 1 </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Christa_McAuliffe" title="Christa McAuliffe">S. Christa McAuliffe</a><br />Would have been first spaceflight<br /><a href="/wiki/Teacher_in_Space_Project" title="Teacher in Space Project">Teacher in Space Project</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Backup_crew">Backup crew</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STS-51-L&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Backup crew"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:150px;"><a href="/wiki/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions" title="Astronaut ranks and positions">Position</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width:200px;">Astronaut </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Payload Specialist 1 </th> <td colspan="2">L. William Butterworth<br /><a href="/wiki/Hughes_Aircraft_Company" title="Hughes Aircraft Company">Hughes Space and Communications</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Payload Specialist 2<sup id="cite_ref-PayloadSpecialist_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PayloadSpecialist-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Morgan" title="Barbara Morgan">Barbara R. Morgan</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Teacher_in_Space_Project" title="Teacher in Space Project">Teacher in Space Project</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">Morgan would be selected as a NASA astronaut in <a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_17" title="NASA Astronaut Group 17">1998</a> and flew on <a href="/wiki/STS-118" title="STS-118">STS-118</a> in 2007 as a mission specialist. </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crew_seat_assignments">Crew seat assignments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STS-51-L&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Crew seat assignments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This seating assignment chart depicts what would have happened if the mission had been performed as planned. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Seat<sup id="cite_ref-spacefacts-sts51l_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spacefacts-sts51l-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Launch </th> <th>Landing<br />(planned) </th> <td rowspan="8"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Space_Shuttle_seating_plan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Space_Shuttle_seating_plan.svg/150px-Space_Shuttle_seating_plan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Space_Shuttle_seating_plan.svg/225px-Space_Shuttle_seating_plan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Space_Shuttle_seating_plan.svg/300px-Space_Shuttle_seating_plan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="834" /></a></span><br />Seats 1–4 are on the flight deck.<br />Seats 5–7 are on the mid-deck. </td></tr> <tr> <th>1 </th> <td colspan="2">Scobee </td></tr> <tr> <th>2 </th> <td colspan="2">Smith </td></tr> <tr> <th>3 </th> <td>Onizuka </td> <td>McNair </td></tr> <tr> <th>4 </th> <td colspan="2">Resnik </td></tr> <tr> <th>5 </th> <td>McNair </td> <td>Onizuka </td></tr> <tr> <th>6 </th> <td colspan="2">Jarvis </td></tr> <tr> <th>7 </th> <td colspan="2">McAuliffe </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ascent_failure_and_disaster">Ascent failure and disaster</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STS-51-L&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ascent failure and disaster"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Challenger disaster">Space Shuttle <i>Challenger</i> disaster</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Challenger_explosion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Challenger_explosion.jpg/220px-Challenger_explosion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Challenger_explosion.jpg/330px-Challenger_explosion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Challenger_explosion.jpg/440px-Challenger_explosion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3555" data-file-height="2879" /></a><figcaption><i>Challenger</i> after the explosion 73 seconds after launch</figcaption></figure> <p>During the ascent phase, 73 seconds after liftoff, the vehicle experienced a catastrophic structural failure resulting in the loss of crew and vehicle. The Rogers Commission later determined the cause of the accident to have been the failure of the primary and secondary (backup) O-ring seals on <i>Challenger</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s right Solid Rocket Booster (SRB). The failure of these seals allowed a flamethrower-like flare to impinge upon one of two aft SRB attach struts, which eventually failed, freeing the booster to pivot about its remaining attachment points. The forward part of the booster cylinder struck the external tank inter-tank area, leading to a structural failure of the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_external_tank" title="Space Shuttle external tank">Space Shuttle external tank</a> (ET) – the core structural component of the entire stack. A rapid burning of liberated propellants ensued. With the structural "backbone" of the stack compromised and breaking up, the SRBs flew off on their own, as did the orbiter, which rapidly broke up due to overwhelming aerodynamic forces. The launch had been approved despite a predicted ambient temperature of 27 °F (−3 °C), well below the qualification limit of major components such as the SRBs, which had been certified for use only at temperatures above 39 °F (4 °C).<sup id="cite_ref-rogers-vol4-part7_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rogers-vol4-part7-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evidence found in the remnants of the crew cabin showed that several of the emergency <a href="/wiki/Personal_Egress_Air_Pack" title="Personal Egress Air Pack">Personal Egress Air Packs</a> (PEAPs) carried by the astronauts had been manually activated, suggesting that forces experienced inside the cabin during breakup of the orbiter were not inherently fatal, and that at least three crew members were alive and capable of conscious action for a period following vehicle breakup.<sup id="cite_ref-kerwin-letter_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kerwin-letter-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Tracking reported that the vehicle had exploded and impacted the water in an area approximately located at 28.64° north, 80.28° west".<sup id="cite_ref-daily-leader_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-daily-leader-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crew_fate">Crew fate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STS-51-L&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Crew fate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Divers from the <a href="/wiki/USS_Preserver" title="USS Preserver">USS <i>Preserver</i></a> located what they believed to be the crew cabin on the ocean floor on March 7, 1986. A dive the following day confirmed that it was the cabin and that the remains of the crew were inside.<sup id="cite_ref-wp_remains_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wp_remains-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No official investigation into the <i>Challenger</i> disaster has determined the cause of death of the astronauts; it is almost certain that the explosion itself did not kill the entire crew as 3 of the 4 Personal Egress Air Packs (PEAPs) that were recovered had been manually activated. This would only be done during an emergency or loss of cabin pressure. PEAPs do not provide a pressurized air flow and would still have resulted in the astronauts losing consciousness within several seconds.<sup id="cite_ref-Crew_Fate_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crew_Fate-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were media reports alleging that NASA had a tape recording of the crew panicking and on-board conversation following the explosion during the 2 minute 45 second free fall before hitting the sea east of <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>. This was likely fabricated and no recording exists, as the crew may have been unconscious from loss of cabin pressure and the astronauts did not wear individual voice recorders.<sup id="cite_ref-Crew_Alive_During_Fall_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crew_Alive_During_Fall-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission_objectives">Mission objectives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STS-51-L&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Mission objectives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Deployment of Tracking Data Relay Satellite-B (<a href="/wiki/TDRS-B" title="TDRS-B">TDRS-B</a>) with an <a href="/wiki/Inertial_Upper_Stage" title="Inertial Upper Stage">Inertial Upper Stage</a> (IUS) booster</li> <li>Flight of "Shuttle Pointed Autonomous Research Tool for Astronomy" (SPARTAN-203)/Halley's Comet Experiment Deployable</li> <li>Fluid Dynamics Experiment (FDE)</li> <li>Comet Halley Active Monitoring Program (CHAMP)</li> <li>Phase Partitioning Experiment (PPE)</li> <li>Three Shuttle Student Involvement Program (SSIP) experiments</li> <li>Two lessons for the Teacher in Space Project (TISP)</li> <li>(unofficial) Ronald E. McNair was planning to play the <a href="/wiki/Saxophone" title="Saxophone">saxophone</a> in space for a track on <a href="/wiki/Jean-Michel_Jarre" title="Jean-Michel Jarre">Jean-Michel Jarre</a>'s album <a href="/wiki/Rendez-Vous_(Jean-Michel_Jarre_album)" title="Rendez-Vous (Jean-Michel Jarre album)"><i>"Rendez-Vous"</i></a>.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Attempt</th> <th>Planned</th> <th>Result</th> <th>Turnaround</th> <th>Reason</th> <th>Decision point</th> <th>Weather go (%)</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><span data-sort-value="1986-01-22, 15:43:00 !">22 Jan 1986, 3:43:00 pm</span></td> <td>Rescheduled</td> <td>—</td> <td>Delays in STS-61-C<sup id="cite_ref-Mission_Archives_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mission_Archives-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><span data-sort-value="1986-01-23, 15:43:00 !">23 Jan 1986, 3:43:00 pm</span></td> <td>Rescheduled</td> <td>1 day 0 hours 0 minutes</td> <td>Delays in STS-61-C</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><span data-sort-value="1986-01-24, 15:43:00 !">24 Jan 1986, 3:43:00 pm</span></td> <td>Scrubbed</td> <td>1 day 0 hours 0 minutes</td> <td>Weather</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Weather at transatlantic abort site </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><span data-sort-value="1986-01-25, 09:37:00 !">25 Jan 1986, 9:37:00 am</span></td> <td>Scrubbed</td> <td>0 days 17 hours 54 minutes</td> <td>Launch preparation delays</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><span data-sort-value="1986-01-27, 09:37:00 !">27 Jan 1986, 9:37:00 am</span></td> <td>Scrubbed</td> <td>2 days 0 hours 0 minutes</td> <td>Equipment failures in orbiter closeout, cross winds at shuttle landing site.</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><span data-sort-value="1986-01-28, 09:37:00 !">28 Jan 1986, 9:37:00 am</span></td> <td>Delayed</td> <td>1 day 0 hours 0 minutes</td> <td>Technical</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Technical issues with fire detection system. </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><span data-sort-value="1986-01-28, 11:38:00 !">28 Jan 1986, 11:38:00 am</span></td> <td>Failure</td> <td>0 days 2 hours 1 minute</td> <td>Technical</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Loss of crew and vehicle. Right SRB O-ring failure and orbiter vehicle disintegration.<sup id="cite_ref-Mission_Archives_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mission_Archives-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission_insignia">Mission insignia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STS-51-L&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mission insignia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Francis R. "Dick" Scobee asked Kennedy Space Center engineer Ernie Reyes to design the <a href="/wiki/Mission_patch" title="Mission patch">mission patch</a> seen above to represent the mission STS-51-L. In it, <i>Challenger</i> is depicted launching from Florida and soaring into space to carry out a variety of goals. Among the prescribed duties of the five astronauts and two payload specialists (represented by the seven stars of the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" title="Flag of the United States">U.S. flag</a>) was observation and photography of Halley's Comet, backdropped against the U.S. flag in the insignia. Surnames of the crew members encircle the scene, with the payload specialists being recognized below. The surname of the first teacher in space, S. Christa McAuliffe, is followed by a symbolic <a href="/wiki/Apple_(symbolism)" title="Apple (symbolism)">apple</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STS-51-L&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Mission_Archives-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mission_Archives_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mission_Archives_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mission_Archives_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/missions/space-shuttle/sts-51l/nasa-sts-51l-mission-profile/">"STS-51L Mission Profile"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>. December 5, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231109081808/https://www.nasa.gov/missions/space-shuttle/sts-51l/nasa-sts-51l-mission-profile/">Archived</a> from the original on November 9, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STS-51L+Mission+Profile&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=2005-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmissions%2Fspace-shuttle%2Fsts-51l%2Fnasa-sts-51l-mission-profile%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASTS-51-L" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMullane,_Mike2006" class="citation book cs1">Mullane, Mike (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fvWZsjorXJIC&q=Nelson%20Jarvis&pg=PA204"><i>Riding Rockets</i></a>. Simon and Schuster. pp. 204–205. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-7682-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-7682-5"><bdi>978-0-7432-7682-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Riding+Rockets&rft.pages=204-205&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-7682-5&rft.au=Mullane%2C+Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfvWZsjorXJIC%26q%3DNelson%2520Jarvis%26pg%3DPA204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASTS-51-L" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PayloadSpecialist-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PayloadSpecialist_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/mcauliffe.pdf">"S. Christa Corrigan McAuliffe"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Biographical Data</i>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>. April 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231127184644/https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/mcauliffe.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on November 27, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 27,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Data&rft.atitle=S.+Christa+Corrigan+McAuliffe&rft.date=2007-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F01%2Fmcauliffe.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASTS-51-L" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-spacefacts-sts51l-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-spacefacts-sts51l_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spacefacts.de/ballistic/english/sts-51l.htm">"STS-51L"</a>. <i>Spacefacts</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231010063720/http://www.spacefacts.de/ballistic/english/sts-51l.htm">Archived</a> from the original on October 10, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 26,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spacefacts&rft.atitle=STS-51L&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspacefacts.de%2Fballistic%2Fenglish%2Fsts-51l.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASTS-51-L" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rogers-vol4-part7-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rogers-vol4-part7_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.nasa.gov/rogersrep/v4part7.htm">"Rogers Commission, Vol. 4 Part. 7"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rogers_Commission_Report" title="Rogers Commission Report">Rogers Commission</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208231651/https://history.nasa.gov/rogersrep/v4part7.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rogers+Commission%2C+Vol.+4+Part.+7&rft.pub=Rogers+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.nasa.gov%2Frogersrep%2Fv4part7.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASTS-51-L" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kerwin-letter-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kerwin-letter_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerwin1986" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kerwin" title="Joseph P. Kerwin">Kerwin, Joseph P.</a> (July 28, 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/missions/space-shuttle/sts-51l/challenger-crew-report/">"Challenger Crew Report"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20231201103156/https://www.nasa.gov/missions/space-shuttle/sts-51l/challenger-crew-report/">Archived</a> from the original on December 1, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Challenger+Crew+Report&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=1986-07-28&rft.aulast=Kerwin&rft.aufirst=Joseph+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmissions%2Fspace-shuttle%2Fsts-51l%2Fchallenger-crew-report%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASTS-51-L" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-daily-leader-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-daily-leader_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=UE9DAAAAIBAJ&sjid=gq0MAAAAIBAJ&pg=2046,632352">"Shuttle explodes; crew lost"</a>. <i>Daily Leader</i>. No. 214. Frederick, Oklahoma. United Press International. January 28, 1986. pp. 1, 5 – via Google News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Leader&rft.atitle=Shuttle+explodes%3B+crew+lost&rft.issue=214&rft.pages=1%2C+5&rft.date=1986-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DUE9DAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3Dgq0MAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2046%2C632352&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASTS-51-L" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wp_remains-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wp_remains_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsikoff1986" class="citation news cs1">Isikoff, Michael (March 10, 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/01/25/AR2006012501455.html">"Remains of Crew of Shuttle Found"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121107150739/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/01/25/AR2006012501455.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 5,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Remains+of+Crew+of+Shuttle+Found&rft.date=1986-03-10&rft.aulast=Isikoff&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2006%2F01%2F25%2FAR2006012501455.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASTS-51-L" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crew_Fate-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Crew_Fate_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarwood" class="citation web cs1">Harwood, William. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space-shuttle.com/challenger1.htm">"The Fate of Challenger's Crew"</a>. <i>Space-Shuttle.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230531225743/https://www.space-shuttle.com/challenger1.htm">Archived</a> from the original on May 31, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 24,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Space-Shuttle.com&rft.atitle=The+Fate+of+Challenger%27s+Crew&rft.aulast=Harwood&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space-shuttle.com%2Fchallenger1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASTS-51-L" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crew_Alive_During_Fall-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Crew_Alive_During_Fall_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBinkowski2001" class="citation web cs1">Binkowski, Brooke (February 22, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/challenger-crew-tape/">"Fact Check: Are These the Final Words of the Challenger Crew?"</a>. <i>Snopes.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230611003017/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/challenger-crew-tape/">Archived</a> from the original on June 11, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Snopes.com&rft.atitle=Fact+Check%3A+Are+These+the+Final+Words+of+the+Challenger+Crew%3F&rft.date=2001-02-22&rft.aulast=Binkowski&rft.aufirst=Brooke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.snopes.com%2Ffact-check%2Fchallenger-crew-tape%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASTS-51-L" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2006" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, James A. (Gene) (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4NDVDV-u3JgC&pg=PA267"><i>Some Trust in Chariots: The Space Shuttle Challenger Experience</i></a>. Xulon Press. p. 197. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-60034-096-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-60034-096-2"><bdi>1-60034-096-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Some+Trust+in+Chariots%3A+The+Space+Shuttle+Challenger+Experience&rft.pages=197&rft.pub=Xulon+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-60034-096-2&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=James+A.+%28Gene%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4NDVDV-u3JgC%26pg%3DPA267&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASTS-51-L" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STS-51-L&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sma.nasa.gov/SignificantIncidents/assets/rogers_commission_report.pdf">"Rogers Commission Report on the <i>Challenger</i> accident"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. June 6, 1986. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230713013248/https://sma.nasa.gov/SignificantIncidents/assets/rogers_commission_report.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on July 13, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rogers+Commission+Report+on+the+Challenger+accident&rft.date=1986-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsma.nasa.gov%2FSignificantIncidents%2Fassets%2Frogers_commission_report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASTS-51-L" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/spartan-203.htm#:~:text=Spartan%20203%20(Shuttle%20Pointed%20Autonomous,experiment%20to%20observe%20Halley's%20Comet.">"Sparton 203"</a>. <i>Gunter's Space Page</i>. <a 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href="/wiki/Template:STS-51L" title="Template:STS-51L"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:STS-51L" title="Template talk:STS-51L"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:STS-51L" title="Special:EditPage/Template:STS-51L"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="STS-51-L" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">STS-51-L</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="4"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Challenger disaster">Space Shuttle <i>Challenger</i> disaster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 2px 0 0"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-51-L.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="STS-51-L Mission Patch"><img alt="STS-51-L Mission Patch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/STS-51-L.svg/75px-STS-51-L.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/STS-51-L.svg/113px-STS-51-L.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/STS-51-L.svg/150px-STS-51-L.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="692" data-file-height="633" /></a></span></div></td><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger" title="Space Shuttle Challenger">Space Shuttle <i>Challenger</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_STS-51-L" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of STS-51-L">Timeline of STS-51-L</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Crew picture"><img alt="Crew picture" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg/100px-Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg/150px-Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg/200px-Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3869" data-file-height="3095" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Crew</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Scobee" title="Dick Scobee">Dick Scobee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Smith" title="Michael J. Smith">Michael J. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Resnik" title="Judith Resnik">Judith Resnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellison_Onizuka" title="Ellison Onizuka">Ellison Onizuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_McNair" title="Ronald McNair">Ronald McNair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Jarvis" title="Gregory Jarvis">Gregory Jarvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christa_McAuliffe" title="Christa McAuliffe">Christa McAuliffe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Commission_Report" title="Rogers Commission Report">Rogers Commission Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Solid_Rocket_Booster#Challenger_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster">Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TDRS-B" title="TDRS-B">TDRS-B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challenger_flag" title="Challenger flag"><i>Challenger</i> flag</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Challenger_(1990_film)" title="Challenger (1990 film)">Challenger</a></i> (1990 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Challenger_Disaster" title="The Challenger Disaster">The Challenger Disaster</a></i> (2013 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Challenger:_The_Final_Flight" title="Challenger: The Final Flight">Challenger: The Final Flight</a></i> (2020 documentary miniseries)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Space_Shuttle_Challenger_(OV-099)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Space_Shuttle_Challenger" title="Template:Space Shuttle Challenger"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Space_Shuttle_Challenger" title="Template talk:Space Shuttle Challenger"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Space_Shuttle_Challenger" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Space Shuttle Challenger"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Space_Shuttle_Challenger_(OV-099)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger" title="Space Shuttle Challenger">Space Shuttle <i>Challenger</i></a> (OV-099)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-6" title="STS-6">STS-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-7" title="STS-7">STS-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-8" title="STS-8">STS-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-41-B" title="STS-41-B">STS-41-B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-41-C" title="STS-41-C">STS-41-C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-41-G" title="STS-41-G">STS-41-G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-B" title="STS-51-B">STS-51-B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-F" title="STS-51-F">STS-51-F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-A" title="STS-61-A">STS-61-A</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">STS-51-L</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:S83-35803_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/S83-35803_%28cropped%29.jpg/130px-S83-35803_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/S83-35803_%28cropped%29.jpg/195px-S83-35803_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/S83-35803_%28cropped%29.jpg/260px-S83-35803_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6408" data-file-height="4806" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Status</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Out of service - <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Challenger disaster"><i>Challenger</i> disaster</a> (destroyed) - January 28, 1986 (STS-51-L)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Commission_Report" title="Rogers Commission Report">Rogers Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-F" title="STS-61-F">STS-61-F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-M" title="STS-61-M">STS-61-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challenger_flag" title="Challenger flag"><i>Challenger</i> flag</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dream_Is_Alive" title="The Dream Is Alive">The Dream Is Alive</a></i> (1985 documentary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Challenger_(1990_film)" title="Challenger (1990 film)">Challenger</a></i> (1990 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/When_We_Left_Earth:_The_NASA_Missions" title="When We Left Earth: The NASA Missions">When We Left Earth: The NASA Missions</a></i> (2008 documentary miniseries)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Challenger_Disaster" title="The Challenger Disaster">The Challenger Disaster</a></i> (2013 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Challenger:_The_Final_Flight" title="Challenger: The Final Flight">Challenger: The Final Flight</a></i> (2020 documentary miniseries)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="U.S._Space_Shuttle_missions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:All_U.S._Space_Shuttle_Missions" title="Template:All U.S. Space Shuttle Missions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:All_U.S._Space_Shuttle_Missions" title="Template talk:All U.S. Space Shuttle Missions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:All_U.S._Space_Shuttle_Missions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:All U.S. Space Shuttle Missions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="U.S._Space_Shuttle_missions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="List of Space Shuttle missions">U.S. Space Shuttle missions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Completed<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_crews" title="List of Space Shuttle crews">(crews)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1977 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Approach_and_Landing_Tests" title="Approach and Landing Tests">Approach and Landing Tests</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1981 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-1" title="STS-1">STS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-2" title="STS-2">STS-2</a></li></ul></li> <li>1982 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-3" title="STS-3">STS-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-4" title="STS-4">STS-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-5" title="STS-5">STS-5</a></li></ul></li> <li>1983 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-6" title="STS-6">STS-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-7" title="STS-7">STS-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-8" title="STS-8">STS-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-9" title="STS-9">STS-9</a></li></ul></li> <li>1984 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-41-B" title="STS-41-B">STS-41-B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-41-C" title="STS-41-C">STS-41-C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-41-D" title="STS-41-D">STS-41-D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-41-G" title="STS-41-G">STS-41-G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-A" title="STS-51-A">STS-51-A</a></li></ul></li> <li>1985 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-C" title="STS-51-C">STS-51-C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-D" title="STS-51-D">STS-51-D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-B" title="STS-51-B">STS-51-B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-G" title="STS-51-G">STS-51-G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-F" title="STS-51-F">STS-51-F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-I" title="STS-51-I">STS-51-I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-J" title="STS-51-J">STS-51-J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-A" title="STS-61-A">STS-61-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-B" title="STS-61-B">STS-61-B</a></li></ul></li> <li>1986 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-C" title="STS-61-C">STS-61-C</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">STS-51-L</a>†</li></ul></li> <li>1988 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-26" title="STS-26">STS-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-27" title="STS-27">STS-27</a></li></ul></li> <li>1989 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-29" title="STS-29">STS-29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-30" title="STS-30">STS-30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-28" title="STS-28">STS-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-34" title="STS-34">STS-34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-33" title="STS-33">STS-33</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1990 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-32" title="STS-32">STS-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-36" title="STS-36">STS-36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-31" title="STS-31">STS-31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-41" title="STS-41">STS-41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-38" title="STS-38">STS-38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-35" title="STS-35">STS-35</a></li></ul></li> <li>1991 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-37" title="STS-37">STS-37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-39" title="STS-39">STS-39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-40" title="STS-40">STS-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-43" title="STS-43">STS-43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-48" title="STS-48">STS-48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-44" title="STS-44">STS-44</a></li></ul></li> <li>1992 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-42" title="STS-42">STS-42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-45" title="STS-45">STS-45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-49" title="STS-49">STS-49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-50" title="STS-50">STS-50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-46" title="STS-46">STS-46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-47" title="STS-47">STS-47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-52" title="STS-52">STS-52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-53" title="STS-53">STS-53</a></li></ul></li> <li>1993 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-54" title="STS-54">STS-54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-56" title="STS-56">STS-56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-55" title="STS-55">STS-55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-57" title="STS-57">STS-57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51" title="STS-51">STS-51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-58" title="STS-58">STS-58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61" title="STS-61">STS-61</a></li></ul></li> <li>1994 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-60" title="STS-60">STS-60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-62" title="STS-62">STS-62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-59" title="STS-59">STS-59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-65" title="STS-65">STS-65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-64" title="STS-64">STS-64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-68" title="STS-68">STS-68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-66" title="STS-66">STS-66</a></li></ul></li> <li>1995 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-63" title="STS-63">STS-63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-67" title="STS-67">STS-67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-71" title="STS-71">STS-71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-70" title="STS-70">STS-70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-69" title="STS-69">STS-69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-73" title="STS-73">STS-73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-74" title="STS-74">STS-74</a></li></ul></li> <li>1996 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-72" title="STS-72">STS-72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-75" title="STS-75">STS-75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-76" title="STS-76">STS-76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-77" title="STS-77">STS-77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-78" title="STS-78">STS-78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-79" title="STS-79">STS-79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-80" title="STS-80">STS-80</a></li></ul></li> <li>1997 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-81" title="STS-81">STS-81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-82" title="STS-82">STS-82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-83" title="STS-83">STS-83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-84" title="STS-84">STS-84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-94" title="STS-94">STS-94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-85" title="STS-85">STS-85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-86" title="STS-86">STS-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-87" title="STS-87">STS-87</a></li></ul></li> <li>1998 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-89" title="STS-89">STS-89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-90" title="STS-90">STS-90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-91" title="STS-91">STS-91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-95" title="STS-95">STS-95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-88" title="STS-88">STS-88</a></li></ul></li> <li>1999 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-96" title="STS-96">STS-96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-93" title="STS-93">STS-93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-103" title="STS-103">STS-103</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2000 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-99" title="STS-99">STS-99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-101" title="STS-101">STS-101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-106" title="STS-106">STS-106</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-92" title="STS-92">STS-92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-97" title="STS-97">STS-97</a></li></ul></li> <li>2001 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-98" title="STS-98">STS-98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-102" title="STS-102">STS-102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-100" title="STS-100">STS-100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-104" title="STS-104">STS-104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-105" title="STS-105">STS-105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-108" title="STS-108">STS-108</a></li></ul></li> <li>2002 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-109" title="STS-109">STS-109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-110" title="STS-110">STS-110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-111" title="STS-111">STS-111</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-112" title="STS-112">STS-112</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-113" title="STS-113">STS-113</a></li></ul></li> <li>2003 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-107" title="STS-107">STS-107</a>†</li></ul></li> <li>2005 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-114" title="STS-114">STS-114</a></li></ul></li> <li>2006 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-121" title="STS-121">STS-121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-115" title="STS-115">STS-115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-116" title="STS-116">STS-116</a></li></ul></li> <li>2007 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-117" title="STS-117">STS-117</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-118" title="STS-118">STS-118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-120" title="STS-120">STS-120</a></li></ul></li> <li>2008 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-122" title="STS-122">STS-122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-123" title="STS-123">STS-123</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-124" title="STS-124">STS-124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-126" title="STS-126">STS-126</a></li></ul></li> <li>2009 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-119" title="STS-119">STS-119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-125" title="STS-125">STS-125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-127" title="STS-127">STS-127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-128" title="STS-128">STS-128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-129" title="STS-129">STS-129</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2010 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-130" title="STS-130">STS-130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-131" title="STS-131">STS-131</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-132" title="STS-132">STS-132</a></li></ul></li> <li>2011 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-133" title="STS-133">STS-133</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-134" title="STS-134">STS-134</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-135" title="STS-135">STS-135</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canceled_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="Canceled Space Shuttle missions">Cancelled</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canceled_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="Canceled Space Shuttle missions">STS-41-F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-E" title="STS-61-E">STS-61-E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-F" title="STS-61-F">STS-61-F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-G" title="STS-61-G">STS-61-G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-H" title="STS-61-H">STS-61-H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-62-A" title="STS-62-A">STS-62-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-M" title="STS-61-M">STS-61-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-J" title="STS-61-J">STS-61-J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canceled_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="Canceled Space Shuttle missions">STS-144</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-3xx" title="STS-3xx">STS-3xx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-400" title="STS-400">STS-400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canceled_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="Canceled Space Shuttle missions">Others</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_orbiter" title="Space Shuttle orbiter">Orbiters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Atlantis" title="Space Shuttle Atlantis">Atlantis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger" title="Space Shuttle Challenger">Challenger</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Challenger disaster">disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Commission_Report" title="Rogers Commission Report">report</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia" title="Space Shuttle Columbia">Columbia</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Columbia disaster">disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Accident_Investigation_Board" title="Columbia Accident Investigation Board">investigation</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Discovery" title="Space Shuttle Discovery">Discovery</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Endeavour" title="Space Shuttle Endeavour">Endeavour</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Enterprise" title="Space Shuttle Enterprise">Enterprise</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>†</sup> indicates failure missions.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="←_1985Orbital_launches_in_19861987_→" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orbital_launches_in_1986" title="Template:Orbital launches in 1986"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orbital_launches_in_1986" title="Template talk:Orbital launches in 1986"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital_launches_in_1986" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital launches in 1986"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_1985Orbital_launches_in_19861987_→" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div style="float: left;"><a href="/wiki/1985_in_spaceflight" title="1985 in spaceflight">← 1985</a></div><a href="/wiki/1986_in_spaceflight" title="1986 in spaceflight"><span class="vevent"><span class="summary">Orbital launches in <span class="dtstart">1986</span></span></span></a><div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/1987_in_spaceflight" title="1987 in spaceflight">1987 →</a></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">January</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shiyong_Tongbu_Tongxin_Weixing_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shiyong Tongbu Tongxin Weixing 1 (page does not exist)">Shiyong Tongbu Tongxin Weixing 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1729" title="Kosmos 1729">Kosmos 1729</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1730&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1730 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1730</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1731&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1731 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1731</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-15&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-15 (page does not exist)">USA-15</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-16&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-16 (page does not exist)">USA-16</a>, <a href="/wiki/USA-17" class="mw-redirect" title="USA-17">USA-17</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-18&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-18 (page does not exist)">USA-18</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1732&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1732 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1732</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuri_2b&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuri 2b (page does not exist)">Yuri 2b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir" title="Mir">Mir</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mir_Core_Module" title="Mir Core Module">Core</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1733&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1733 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1733</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SPOT-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SPOT-1 (page does not exist)">SPOT-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viking_(satellite)" title="Viking (satellite)">Viking</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1734&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1734 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1734</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1735&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1735 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1735</a></li> <li><u><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">STS-51-L</a></i></u> (<i><a href="/wiki/TDRS-B" title="TDRS-B">TDRS-B</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=SPARTAN-203&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SPARTAN-203 (page does not exist)">SPARTAN-203</a></i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">February</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T-15" title="Soyuz T-15">Soyuz T-15</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_25" title="Progress 25">Progress 25</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1736&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1736 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1736</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1737&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1737 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1737</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=March_1986_Soyuz-U_launch_failure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="March 1986 Soyuz-U launch failure (page does not exist)">Unnamed</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GStar-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GStar-2 (page does not exist)">GStar-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brasilsat-A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Brasilsat-A2">Brasilsat A2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">March</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1738&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1738 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1738</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1739&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1739 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1739</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1740&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1740 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1740</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1741&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1741 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1741</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=KH-9_No.1220&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KH-9 No.1220 (page does not exist)">KH-9 No.1220</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pearl_Ruby&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pearl Ruby (page does not exist)">Pearl Ruby</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-3_No.43&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-3 No.43 (page does not exist)">Molniya-3 No.43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_26" title="Progress 26">Progress 26</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">April</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/GOES-G" title="GOES-G">GOES-G</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1742&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1742 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1742</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1743&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1743 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1743</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-1" title="Soyuz TM-1">Soyuz TM-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1744&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1744 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1744</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1745&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1745 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1745</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekran_No.30L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekran No.30L (page does not exist)">Ekran No.30L</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meteor-2_No.18&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meteor-2 No.18 (page does not exist)">Meteor-2 No.18</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1746&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1746 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1746</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1747&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1747 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1747</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Intelsat_VA_F-14" title="Intelsat VA F-14">Intelsat VA F-14</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">May</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1748&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1748 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1748</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1749&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1749 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1749</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1750&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1750 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1750</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1751&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1751 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1751</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1752&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1752 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1752</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1753&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1753 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1753</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1754&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1754 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1754</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1755&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1755 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1755</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1756&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1756 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1756</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gorizont_No.24L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gorizont No.24L (page does not exist)">Gorizont No.24L</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1757&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1757 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1757</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1758&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1758 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1758</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1759&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1759 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1759</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1760&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1760 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1760</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-3_No.44&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-3 No.44 (page does not exist)">Molniya-3 No.44</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">June</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1761" title="Kosmos 1761">Kosmos 1761</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1762&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1762 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1762</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1763&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1763 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1763</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1764&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1764 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1764</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1765&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1765 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1765</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1766&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1766 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1766</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1767&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1767 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1767</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-1_No.59&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-1 No.59 (page does not exist)">Molniya-1 No.59</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">July</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1768&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1768 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1768</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1769&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1769 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1769</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1770&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1770 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1770</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajisai_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ajisai (satellite)">Ajisai</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuji_1a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuji 1a (page does not exist)">Fuji 1a</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jindai_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jindai (satellite)">Jindai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1771&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1771 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1771</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1772&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1772 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1772</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1773&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1773 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1773</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1774" title="Kosmos 1774">Kosmos 1774</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">August</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1775&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1775 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1775</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1776&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1776 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1776</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-1_No.57&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-1 No.57 (page does not exist)">Molniya-1 No.57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-19" class="mw-redirect" title="USA-19">USA-19</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1777&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1777 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1777</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1778&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1778 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1778</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1779&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1779 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1779</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1780&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1780 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1780</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1781&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1781 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1781</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOAA-10" title="NOAA-10">NOAA-10</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1782&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1782 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1782</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">September</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1783" title="Kosmos 1783">Kosmos 1783</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fanhui_Shi_Weixing_9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fanhui Shi Weixing 9 (page does not exist)">Fanhui Shi Weixing 9</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1784&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1784 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1784</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=October_1986_Tsyklon-3_launch_failure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="October 1986 Tsyklon-3 launch failure (page does not exist)">Unnamed</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1785" title="Kosmos 1785">Kosmos 1785</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-3_No.41&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-3 No.41 (page does not exist)">Molniya-3 No.41</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1786&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1786 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1786</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1787&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1787 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1787</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gran%27_No.30L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gran' No.30L (page does not exist)">Gran' No.30L</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1788&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1788 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1788</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1789&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1789 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1789</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">October</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1790&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1790 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1790</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1791&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1791 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1791</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1792" title="Kosmos 1792">Kosmos 1792</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polar_Bear_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polar Bear (satellite) (page does not exist)">Polar Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-1_No.60&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-1 No.60 (page does not exist)">Molniya-1 No.60</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gorizont_No.22L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gorizont No.22L (page does not exist)">Gorizont No.22L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1793" title="Kosmos 1793">Kosmos 1793</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1794&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1794 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1794</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1795&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1795 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1795</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1796&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1796 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1796</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1797&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1797 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1797</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1798&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1798 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1798</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1799&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1799 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1799</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1800&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1800 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1800</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1801&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1801 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1801</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1802&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1802 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1802</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mech-K_No.303&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mech-K No.303 (page does not exist)">Mech-K No.303</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">November</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1715&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1715 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1715</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1716&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1716 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1716</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1717&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1717 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1717</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1718&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1718 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1718</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1719&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1719 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1719</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1720&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1720 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1720</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1721&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1721 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1721</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1722&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1722 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1722</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1723&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1723 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1723</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-61-C" title="STS-61-C">STS-61-C</a></u> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Satcom_K1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satcom K1 (page does not exist)">Satcom K1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1724&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1724 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1724</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1725&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1725 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1725</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1726&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1726 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1726</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gran%27_No.29L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gran' No.29L (page does not exist)">Gran' No.29L</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1727&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1727 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1727</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1728&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1728 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1728</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">December</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1803&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1803 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1803</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1804&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1804 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1804</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-20&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-20 (page does not exist)">USA-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1805" title="Kosmos 1805">Kosmos 1805</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1806" title="Kosmos 1806">Kosmos 1806</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1807&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1807 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1807</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1808&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1808 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1808</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1809&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1809 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1809</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1810&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1810 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1810</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-1_No.62&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-1 No.62 (page does not exist)">Molniya-1 No.62</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).<br /><u>Crewed flights</u> are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=STS-51-L&oldid=1244860988">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=STS-51-L&oldid=1244860988</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1986_in_spaceflight" title="Category:1986 in spaceflight">1986 in spaceflight</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Space_accidents_and_incidents_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Space accidents and incidents in the United States">Space accidents and incidents in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Space_Shuttle_missions" title="Category:Space Shuttle missions">Space Shuttle missions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Space_program_fatalities" title="Category:Space program fatalities">Space program fatalities</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster" title="Category:Space Shuttle Challenger disaster">Space Shuttle Challenger disaster</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spacecraft_launched_in_1986" title="Category:Spacecraft launched in 1986">Spacecraft launched in 1986</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1986_in_Florida" title="Category:1986 in Florida">1986 in Florida</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:January_1986_events" title="Category:January 1986 events">January 1986 events</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_rocket_launches" title="Category:20th-century rocket launches">20th-century rocket launches</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rocket_launch_failures" title="Category:Rocket launch failures">Rocket launch failures</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Source_attribution" title="Category:Source attribution">Source attribution</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_January_2014" title="Category:Use American English from January 2014">Use American English from January 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_May_2012" title="Category:Use mdy dates from May 2012">Use mdy dates from May 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 9 September 2024, at 16:49<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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