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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Chronology_and_rulers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sobekhotep_I_and_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sobekhotep_I_and_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Sobekhotep I and II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sobekhotep_I_and_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Successors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Successors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Successors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Successors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/13de_Dinastie_van_Egipte" title="13de Dinastie van Egipte – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="13de Dinastie van Egipte" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/13%E1%8A%9B%E1%8B%8D_%E1%88%A5%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%88_%E1%88%98%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%A5%E1%89%B5" title="13ኛው ሥርወ መንግሥት – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="13ኛው ሥርወ መንግሥት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="الأسرة المصرية الثالثة عشر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الأسرة المصرية الثالثة عشر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCnc%C3%BC_s%C3%BClal%C9%99_(Misir)" title="On üçüncü sülalə (Misir) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="On üçüncü sülalə (Misir)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ai-ki%CC%8Dp_T%C4%93-13_%C3%94ng-ti%C3%A2u" title="Ai-ki̍p Tē-13 Ông-tiâu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ai-ki̍p Tē-13 Ông-tiâu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Тринадесета династия на Древен Египет – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тринадесета династия на Древен Египет" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIIIvet_tierniezh_Henegipt" title="XIIIvet tierniezh Henegipt – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="XIIIvet tierniezh Henegipt" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_XIII_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia XIII d'Egipte – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dinastia XIII d'Egipte" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/13._dynastie" title="13. dynastie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="13. dynastie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zweite_Zwischenzeit#13._Dynastie" title="Zweite Zwischenzeit – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zweite Zwischenzeit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinast%C3%ADa_XIII_de_Egipto" title="Dinastía XIII de Egipto – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dinastía XIII de Egipto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egiptoko_XIII._dinastia" title="Egiptoko XIII. dinastia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Egiptoko XIII. dinastia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1" title="دودمان سیزدهم مصر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دودمان سیزدهم مصر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIIIe_dynastie_%C3%A9gyptienne" title="XIIIe dynastie égyptienne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="XIIIe dynastie égyptienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIII_dinast%C3%ADa_exipcia" title="XIII dinastía exipcia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="XIII dinastía exipcia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%91%ED%8A%B8_%EC%A0%9C13%EC%99%95%EC%A1%B0" title="이집트 제13왕조 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이집트 제13왕조" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinaesta_dinastija_Egipta" title="Trinaesta dinastija Egipta – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Trinaesta dinastija Egipta" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinasti_ketiga_belas_Mesir" title="Dinasti ketiga belas Mesir – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dinasti ketiga belas Mesir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Erett%C3%A1nda_konungs%C3%A6ttin" title="Þrettánda konungsættin – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þrettánda konungsættin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIII_dinastia_egizia" title="XIII dinastia egizia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="XIII dinastia egizia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94_%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ეგვიპტის მეცამეტე დინასტია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ეგვიპტის მეცამეტე დინასტია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIII._dinasztia" title="XIII. dinasztia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="XIII. dinasztia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="اسره مصريه تلاتاشر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اسره مصريه تلاتاشر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/13e_dynastie_van_Egypte" title="13e dynastie van Egypte – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="13e dynastie van Egypte" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B8%E3%83%97%E3%83%88%E7%AC%AC13%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="エジプト第13王朝 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エジプト第13王朝" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/13._egyptiske_dynasti" title="13. egyptiske dynasti – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="13. egyptiske dynasti" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIII_dynastia" title="XIII dynastia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="XIII dynastia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIII_dinastia_eg%C3%ADpcia" title="XIII dinastia egípcia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="XIII dinastia egípcia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIII_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="XIII династия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="XIII династия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinajsta_egip%C4%8Danska_dinastija" title="Trinajsta egipčanska dinastija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Trinajsta egipčanska dinastija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Тринаеста египатска династија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тринаеста египатска династија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinaesta_dinastija_Egipta" title="Trinaesta dinastija Egipta – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Trinaesta dinastija Egipta" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptin_13._dynastia" title="Egyptin 13. dynastia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Egyptin 13. dynastia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptens_trettonde_dynasti" title="Egyptens trettonde dynasti – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Egyptens trettonde dynasti" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="எகிப்தின் பதிமூன்றாம் வம்சம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எகிப்தின் பதிமூன்றாம் வம்சம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="ราชวงศ์ที่สิบสามแห่งอียิปต์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ราชวงศ์ที่สิบสามแห่งอียิปต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%86%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%94%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Тринадцята династія єгипетських фараонів – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тринадцята династія єгипетських фараонів" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_tri%E1%BB%81u_th%E1%BB%A9_M%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Ba_c%E1%BB%A7a_Ai_C%E1%BA%ADp" title="Vương triều thứ Mười Ba của Ai Cập – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vương triều thứ Mười Ba của Ai 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ancient Egyptian dynasty</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country 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.ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1803 BC–1649 BC</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Kairo_2019-11-09_Emramescha_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Granite statue of Pharaoh Imyremeshaw in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo"><img alt="Granite statue of Pharaoh Imyremeshaw in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Kairo_2019-11-09_Emramescha_01.jpg/250px-%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Kairo_2019-11-09_Emramescha_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="372" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Kairo_2019-11-09_Emramescha_01.jpg/375px-%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Kairo_2019-11-09_Emramescha_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Kairo_2019-11-09_Emramescha_01.jpg/500px-%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Kairo_2019-11-09_Emramescha_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2966" data-file-height="4417" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Granite statue of Pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Imyremeshaw" title="Imyremeshaw">Imyremeshaw</a> in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Itjtawy" title="Itjtawy">Itjtawy</a> (c. 1803 BC – c. 1677 BC) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt" title="Thebes, Egypt">Thebes</a> (c. 1677 BC – c. 1648 BC)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_language" title="Egyptian language">Egyptian language</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">ancient Egyptian religion</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">Absolute monarchy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Second Intermediate Period of Egypt">Second Intermediate Period of Egypt</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1803 BC</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Disestablished </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1649 BC</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt">Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a 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.sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Periodization_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Periodization of ancient Egypt">Periods</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dynasties_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Dynasties of ancient Egypt">dynasties</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egypt</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="border:none;padding-top:0;font-weight:normal;"> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">All years are <a href="/wiki/Before_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Before Christ">BC</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Egypt)" title="Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)">Early</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="nowrap" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Egypt" title="Prehistoric Egypt">Pre-dynastic period</a></td><td style="width:1.3em;text-align:center;"></td><td style="text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="First Dynasty of Egypt">First Dynasty</a></td><td style="width:1.3em;text-align:center;"> I</td><td style="text-align:right;"> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 3150–2890</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Second_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Second Dynasty of Egypt">Second Dynasty</a></td><td style="width:1.3em;text-align:center;"> II</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 2890–2686</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt">Old Kingdom</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="nowrap" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Third Dynasty of Egypt">Third Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> III</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 2686–2613</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourth Dynasty of Egypt">Fourth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> IV</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 2613–2498</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifth Dynasty of Egypt">Fifth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> V</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 2498–2345</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixth Dynasty of Egypt">Sixth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> VI</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 2345–2181</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/First_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="First Intermediate Period of Egypt">First Intermediate</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="nowrap" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Seventh Dynasty of Egypt">Seventh Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> VII</td><td style="text-align:right;"> spurious</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighth Dynasty of Egypt">Eighth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> VIII</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 2181–2160</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Ninth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Ninth Dynasty of Egypt">Ninth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> IX</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 2160–2130</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Tenth Dynasty of Egypt">Tenth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> X</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 2130–2040</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> Early <a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt">Eleventh Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XI</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 2134–2061</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="nowrap" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> Late <a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt">Eleventh Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XI</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 2061–1991</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt">Twelfth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XII</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1991–1803</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thirteenth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XIII</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1803–1649</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Second Intermediate Period of Egypt">Second Intermediate</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="nowrap" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Fourteenth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XIV</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1705–1690</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Fifteenth Dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hyksos" title="Hyksos">Hyksos</a>)</td><td style="text-align:center;"> XV</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1674–1535</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Sixteenth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XVI</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1660–1600</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Abydos_Dynasty" title="Abydos Dynasty">Abydos Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1650–1600</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt">Seventeenth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XVII</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1580–1549</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="nowrap" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Eighteenth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XVIII</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1549–1292</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Nineteenth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XIX</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1292–1189</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt">Twentieth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XX</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1189–1077</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Third_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Third Intermediate Period of Egypt">Third Intermediate</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="nowrap" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Twenty-first_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-first Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXI</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1069–945</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Twenty-second_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-second Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXII</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 945–720</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Twenty-third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-third Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXIII</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 837–728</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-fourth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXIV</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 732–720</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-fifth Dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt">Nubian</a>)</td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXV</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 732–653</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Late_Period_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Late Period of ancient Egypt">Late Period</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="nowrap" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-sixth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXVI</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 672–525</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-seventh Dynasty<br />(1st Persian Period)</a></div></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXVII</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 525–404</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Twenty-eighth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-eighth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXVIII</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 404–398</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Twenty-ninth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-ninth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXIX</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 398–380</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Thirtieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt">Thirtieth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXX</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 380–343</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Thirty-first_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt">Thirty-first Dynasty<br />(2nd Persian Period)</a></div></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXXI</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 343–332</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic Egypt</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="nowrap" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Argead_dynasty" title="Argead dynasty">Thirty-second Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXXII</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 332–305</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Thirty-third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirty-third Dynasty of Egypt">Thirty-third Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXXIII</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 305–30</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Egypt" title="Roman Egypt">Roman Egypt</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="nowrap" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Roman_pharaoh" title="Roman pharaoh">Thirty-fourth Dynasty<br />(Roman Pharaohs)</a></div></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXXIV</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 30 BC – 313 AD</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Egypt">Byzantine Egypt</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="nowrap" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Roman_pharaoh#History" title="Roman pharaoh">Thirty-fifth Dynasty</a><br />(<i>speculated</i>)</div></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXXV</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 379 AD – 641 AD</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border:none;padding-top:0;font-weight:normal;"> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">See also: <i><a href="/wiki/Template:Pharaohs" title="Template:Pharaohs">List of pharaohs by period and dynasty</a></i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Periodization_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Periodization of ancient Egypt">Periodization of ancient Egypt</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancient_Egypt_dynasties_sidebar" title="Template:Ancient Egypt dynasties sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancient_Egypt_dynasties_sidebar" title="Template talk:Ancient Egypt dynasties sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient_Egypt_dynasties_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient Egypt dynasties sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Thirteenth Dynasty</b> of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egypt</a> (notated <b>Dynasty XIII</b>) was a series of rulers from approximately 1803 BC until approximately 1649 BC, i.e. for 154 years.<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is often classified as the final dynasty of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a> (which includes <a href="/wiki/Dynasty_XI" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynasty XI">Dynasties XI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dynasty_XII" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynasty XII">XII</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dynasty_XIV" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynasty XIV">XIV</a>), but some historians instead group it in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Second Intermediate Period of Egypt">Second Intermediate Period</a> (with Dynasties <a href="/wiki/Dynasty_XIV" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynasty XIV">XIV</a> through <a href="/wiki/Dynasty_XVII" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynasty XVII">XVII</a>). </p><p>Dynasty XIII initially ruled from the <a href="/wiki/Nile_Delta" title="Nile Delta">Nile Delta</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Cataracts_of_the_Nile" title="Cataracts of the Nile">second cataract of the Nile</a>. However, the dynasty marked a period of decline and instability, with Dynasty XIV rising concurrently and the <a href="/wiki/Hyksos" title="Hyksos">Hyksos</a> Dynasty XV taking control shortly after. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre_Khutawy_Sobekhotep" title="Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep">Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep</a> is usually considered Dynasty XIII's first pharaoh, and <a href="/wiki/Merneferre_Ay" title="Merneferre Ay">Merneferre Ay</a>, while not the final pharaoh, was the last to occupy the Middle Kingdom capital of <a href="/wiki/Itjtawy" title="Itjtawy">Itjtawy</a>, and the last of the dynasty with a significant recorded reign. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chronology_and_rulers">Chronology and rulers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thirteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Chronology and rulers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ryholt (1997:190) argues that the 13th Dynasty lasted from 1803-1649 BC, lasting some 154 years.<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Ryholt, the 13th Dynasty had some continuity with the preceding 12th Dynasty. With the first pharaoh, <a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Sobekhotep I">Sobekhotep I</a>, being the son of a certain Amenemhat, Ryholt proposes Amenemhat IV as a possible father.<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (May 2024)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This is unlikely as Amenemhat IV was succeeded by his sister Sobekneferu and not directly by Sobekhotep I, suggesting that Amenemhat IV didn't have any children.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Ryholt also proposes that the demarcation between the two dynasties reflects the rise of the independent <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt">14th Dynasty</a> in the eastern Delta, an event which, he proposes, occurred during <a href="/wiki/Sobekneferu" title="Sobekneferu">Sobekneferu</a>'s reign.<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (May 2024)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> As direct heirs to the kings of the 12th Dynasty, pharaohs of the 13th Dynasty reigned from Memphis over Middle and Upper Egypt, all the way to the second cataract to the south. The power of the 13th Dynasty waned progressively over its 150 years of existence and it finally came to an end with the conquest of Memphis by the Hyksos rulers of the <a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt">15th Dynasty</a>, c. 1650 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (May 2024)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In later texts, this dynasty is usually described as an era of chaos and disorder. However, the period may have been more peaceful than was once thought since the central government in <a href="/wiki/Itj_tawy" class="mw-redirect" title="Itj tawy">Itj-tawy</a> near the <a href="/wiki/Faiyum" title="Faiyum">Faiyum</a> was sustained during most of the dynasty and the country remained relatively stable. The period was undoubtedly characterized by decline, with a large number of kings with short reigns and only a few attestations. The true chronology of this dynasty is difficult to determine as there are few monuments dating from the period. Many of the kings' names are only known from odd fragmentary inscriptions or from <a href="/wiki/Scarab_(artifact)" title="Scarab (artifact)">scarabs</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The names and order in the table are based on Dodson and Hilton and Ryholt.<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" align="center"> <caption><b>Dynasty XIII pharaohs</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:350px">Name of pharaoh</th> <th style="width:50px">Image </th> <th style="width:110px">Dates</th> <th style="width:300px">Burial</th> <th style="width:150px">Consort(s)</th> <th style="width:350px">Comments </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre_Khutawy_Sobekhotep" title="Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep">Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep I</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sobekhotep_I.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Sobekhotep_I.jpg/50px-Sobekhotep_I.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Sobekhotep_I.jpg/75px-Sobekhotep_I.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Sobekhotep_I.jpg/100px-Sobekhotep_I.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1064" data-file-height="1685" /></a></span> </td> <td>1803–1800 BC</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>The dominant hypothesis is that Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep was the founder of the dynasty,<sup id="cite_ref-KR_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-encyclo_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in older studies <a href="/wiki/Wegaf" title="Wegaf">Wegaf</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sonbef" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonbef">Sonbef</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AmenemhatSenebefCylinderPetrie.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/AmenemhatSenebefCylinderPetrie.png/50px-AmenemhatSenebefCylinderPetrie.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/AmenemhatSenebefCylinderPetrie.png/75px-AmenemhatSenebefCylinderPetrie.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/AmenemhatSenebefCylinderPetrie.png/100px-AmenemhatSenebefCylinderPetrie.png 2x" data-file-width="231" data-file-height="230" /></a></span> </td> <td>1800–1796 BC</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Perhaps a son of <a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_IV" title="Amenemhat IV">Amenemhat IV</a> and brother of Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep.<sup id="cite_ref-KR_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nerikare" title="Nerikare">Nerikare</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stele_of_Nerikare.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Stele_of_Nerikare.png/50px-Stele_of_Nerikare.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Stele_of_Nerikare.png/75px-Stele_of_Nerikare.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Stele_of_Nerikare.png/100px-Stele_of_Nerikare.png 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="208" /></a></span> </td> <td>1796 BC</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sekhemkare" title="Sekhemkare">Sekhemkare Amenemhat V</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amenemhat_V.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Amenemhat_V.jpg/50px-Amenemhat_V.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Amenemhat_V.jpg/75px-Amenemhat_V.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Amenemhat_V.jpg/100px-Amenemhat_V.jpg 2x" data-file-width="763" data-file-height="1009" /></a></span> </td> <td>1796–1793 BC</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ameny_Qemau" title="Ameny Qemau">Ameny Qemau</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Plaque_Qemaw_by_Khruner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Plaque_Qemaw_by_Khruner.jpg/50px-Plaque_Qemaw_by_Khruner.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Plaque_Qemaw_by_Khruner.jpg/75px-Plaque_Qemaw_by_Khruner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Plaque_Qemaw_by_Khruner.jpg/100px-Plaque_Qemaw_by_Khruner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="768" /></a></span> </td> <td>1795–1792 BC</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pyramid_of_Ameny_Qemau" title="Pyramid of Ameny Qemau">Pyramid of Ameny Qemau</a></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hotepibre" title="Hotepibre">Hotepibre Qemau Siharnedjheritef</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mace_Hotepibre_Ebla_by_Khruner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Mace_Hotepibre_Ebla_by_Khruner.jpg/50px-Mace_Hotepibre_Ebla_by_Khruner.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Mace_Hotepibre_Ebla_by_Khruner.jpg/75px-Mace_Hotepibre_Ebla_by_Khruner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Mace_Hotepibre_Ebla_by_Khruner.jpg/100px-Mace_Hotepibre_Ebla_by_Khruner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="696" data-file-height="1044" /></a></span> </td> <td>1792–1790 BC</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Perhaps identical with King Sehotepibre in the <a href="/wiki/Turin_King_List" title="Turin King List">Turin Canon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iufni" title="Iufni">Iufni</a></td> <td> </td> <td>1790–1788 BC</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Known only from the Turin canon </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Amenemhet_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Amenemhet VI">Seankhibre Ameny-Intef-Amenemhat VI</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Table_CG23040_Kamal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Table_CG23040_Kamal.jpg/54px-Table_CG23040_Kamal.jpg" decoding="async" width="54" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Table_CG23040_Kamal.jpg/81px-Table_CG23040_Kamal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Table_CG23040_Kamal.jpg/108px-Table_CG23040_Kamal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="476" /></a></span> </td> <td>1788–1785 BC</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Semenkare" class="mw-redirect" title="Semenkare">Semenkare Nebnuni</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stele_Nebnuni_by_Khruner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Stele_Nebnuni_by_Khruner.jpg/50px-Stele_Nebnuni_by_Khruner.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Stele_Nebnuni_by_Khruner.jpg/75px-Stele_Nebnuni_by_Khruner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Stele_Nebnuni_by_Khruner.jpg/100px-Stele_Nebnuni_by_Khruner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1273" data-file-height="848" /></a></span> </td> <td>1785–1783 BC or 1739 BC</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sehetepibre" title="Sehetepibre">Sehetepibre Sewesekhtawy</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cylinder_Sehetepibre_by_Khruner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Cylinder_Sehetepibre_by_Khruner.jpg/50px-Cylinder_Sehetepibre_by_Khruner.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Cylinder_Sehetepibre_by_Khruner.jpg/75px-Cylinder_Sehetepibre_by_Khruner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Cylinder_Sehetepibre_by_Khruner.jpg/100px-Cylinder_Sehetepibre_by_Khruner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="781" data-file-height="1171" /></a></span> </td> <td>1783–1781 BC</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sewadjkare" title="Sewadjkare">Sewadjkare I</a></td> <td> </td> <td>1781 BCE</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Known only from the Turin canon </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nedjemibre" title="Nedjemibre">Nedjemibre</a></td> <td> </td> <td>7 months, 1780 BC or 1736 BC</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Known only from the Turin canon </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Khaankhre_Sobekhotep" title="Khaankhre Sobekhotep">Khaankhre Sobekhotep II</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_mural,_LP_1676_(032007_40).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Relief_mural%2C_LP_1676_%28032007_40%29.jpg/50px-Relief_mural%2C_LP_1676_%28032007_40%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Relief_mural%2C_LP_1676_%28032007_40%29.jpg/75px-Relief_mural%2C_LP_1676_%28032007_40%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Relief_mural%2C_LP_1676_%28032007_40%29.jpg/100px-Relief_mural%2C_LP_1676_%28032007_40%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span> </td> <td>1780–1777 BC</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Renseneb" title="Renseneb">Renseneb Amenemhat</a></td> <td> </td> <td>1777 BC</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hor" title="Hor">Awybre Hor</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ka_Statue_of_horawibra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Ka_Statue_of_horawibra.jpg/50px-Ka_Statue_of_horawibra.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Ka_Statue_of_horawibra.jpg/75px-Ka_Statue_of_horawibra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Ka_Statue_of_horawibra.jpg/100px-Ka_Statue_of_horawibra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="449" data-file-height="667" /></a></span> </td> <td>1777–1775 BC</td> <td>Buried in <a href="/wiki/Dahshur" title="Dahshur">Dahshur</a> near the pyramid of <a href="/wiki/Amenemhet_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Amenemhet III">Amenemhet III</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nubhetepti" title="Nubhetepti">Nubhetepti</a> (?)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sekhemrekhutawy_Khabaw" title="Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw">Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khabaw2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Khabaw2.png/50px-Khabaw2.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Khabaw2.png/75px-Khabaw2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Khabaw2.png/100px-Khabaw2.png 2x" data-file-width="403" data-file-height="246" /></a></span> </td> <td>1775–1772 BC</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Possibly a son of Hor Awybre. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Djedkheperew" title="Djedkheperew">Djedkheperew</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OsirisBed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/OsirisBed.jpg/50px-OsirisBed.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/OsirisBed.jpg/75px-OsirisBed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/OsirisBed.jpg/100px-OsirisBed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1937" data-file-height="1903" /></a></span> </td> <td>1772–1770 BC</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Possibly a brother of Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sebkay" title="Sebkay">Sebkay</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kay_Amenemhat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Kay_Amenemhat.jpg/50px-Kay_Amenemhat.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Kay_Amenemhat.jpg/75px-Kay_Amenemhat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Kay_Amenemhat.jpg/100px-Kay_Amenemhat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2052" data-file-height="1458" /></a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Possibly two kings, Seb and his son Kay </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sedjefakare" class="mw-redirect" title="Sedjefakare">Sedjefakare Kay-Amenemhat VII</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cylinder_Sedjefakare_Petrie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Cylinder_Sedjefakare_Petrie.jpg/50px-Cylinder_Sedjefakare_Petrie.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Cylinder_Sedjefakare_Petrie.jpg/75px-Cylinder_Sedjefakare_Petrie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Cylinder_Sedjefakare_Petrie.jpg/100px-Cylinder_Sedjefakare_Petrie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </td> <td>5 to 7 years or 3 years, 1769–1766 BC</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wegaf" title="Wegaf">Khutawyre Wegaf</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wegaf_Rubensohn.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Wegaf_Rubensohn.png/50px-Wegaf_Rubensohn.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Wegaf_Rubensohn.png/75px-Wegaf_Rubensohn.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Wegaf_Rubensohn.png/100px-Wegaf_Rubensohn.png 2x" data-file-width="491" data-file-height="317" /></a></span> </td> <td>Around 1767 BC</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Khendjer" title="Khendjer">Userkare Khendjer</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khendjer_JE_53368_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Khendjer_JE_53368_01.jpg/50px-Khendjer_JE_53368_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Khendjer_JE_53368_01.jpg/75px-Khendjer_JE_53368_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Khendjer_JE_53368_01.jpg/100px-Khendjer_JE_53368_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="902" data-file-height="1152" /></a></span> </td> <td>Minimum 4 years and 3 months c. 1765 BC</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pyramid_of_Khendjer" title="Pyramid of Khendjer">Pyramid of Khendjer</a>, South <a href="/wiki/Saqqara" title="Saqqara">Saqqara</a><sup id="cite_ref-MV_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MV-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Seneb[henas?]</td> <td>May also have borne the name Nimaatre. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Imyremeshaw" title="Imyremeshaw">Smenkhkare Imyremeshaw</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Kairo_2019-11-09_Emramescha_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Kairo_2019-11-09_Emramescha_01.jpg/50px-%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Kairo_2019-11-09_Emramescha_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Kairo_2019-11-09_Emramescha_01.jpg/75px-%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Kairo_2019-11-09_Emramescha_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Kairo_2019-11-09_Emramescha_01.jpg/100px-%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Kairo_2019-11-09_Emramescha_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2966" data-file-height="4417" /></a></span> </td> <td>Reigned less than 10 years, starting 1759 BC or 1711 BC.</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aya_(Queen)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aya (Queen)">Aya</a> (Iy)?</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sehetepkare_Intef" title="Sehetepkare Intef">Sehetepkare Intef</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hotepkare_cylinder_Petrie.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Hotepkare_cylinder_Petrie.png/50px-Hotepkare_cylinder_Petrie.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Hotepkare_cylinder_Petrie.png/75px-Hotepkare_cylinder_Petrie.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Hotepkare_cylinder_Petrie.png/100px-Hotepkare_cylinder_Petrie.png 2x" data-file-width="155" data-file-height="294" /></a></span> </td> <td>Less than 10 years</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aya_(Queen)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aya (Queen)">Aya</a> (Iy)?</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Seth_Meribre" title="Seth Meribre">Seth Meribre</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stele_JE_35256_Randall-MacIver.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Stele_JE_35256_Randall-MacIver.png/50px-Stele_JE_35256_Randall-MacIver.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Stele_JE_35256_Randall-MacIver.png/75px-Stele_JE_35256_Randall-MacIver.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Stele_JE_35256_Randall-MacIver.png/100px-Stele_JE_35256_Randall-MacIver.png 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="844" /></a></span> </td> <td>Reign ended 1749 BCE</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_III" title="Sobekhotep III">Sekhemresewadjtawy Sobekhotep III</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SobekhotepIII-DualRelief_BrooklynMuseum.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/SobekhotepIII-DualRelief_BrooklynMuseum.png/50px-SobekhotepIII-DualRelief_BrooklynMuseum.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/SobekhotepIII-DualRelief_BrooklynMuseum.png/75px-SobekhotepIII-DualRelief_BrooklynMuseum.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/SobekhotepIII-DualRelief_BrooklynMuseum.png/100px-SobekhotepIII-DualRelief_BrooklynMuseum.png 2x" data-file-width="1915" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span> </td> <td>1755–1751 BC</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Senebhenas" title="Senebhenas">Senebhenas</a><sup id="cite_ref-WG_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WG-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Neni" title="Neni">Neni</a><sup id="cite_ref-WG_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WG-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Neferhotep_I" title="Neferhotep I">Khasekhemre Neferhotep I</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Neferhotep_KS_1799_01c.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Neferhotep_KS_1799_01c.JPG/50px-Neferhotep_KS_1799_01c.JPG" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Neferhotep_KS_1799_01c.JPG/75px-Neferhotep_KS_1799_01c.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Neferhotep_KS_1799_01c.JPG/100px-Neferhotep_KS_1799_01c.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1428" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span> </td> <td>1751–1740 BC</td> <td>Perhaps buried at Abydos: <a href="/wiki/S_9_(Abydos)" title="S 9 (Abydos)">S 9</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Senebsen" title="Senebsen">Senebsen</a><sup id="cite_ref-WG_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WG-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sihathor" title="Sihathor">Menwadjre Sihathor</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turiner2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Turiner2.png/50px-Turiner2.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Turiner2.png/75px-Turiner2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Turiner2.png/100px-Turiner2.png 2x" data-file-width="493" data-file-height="414" /></a></span> </td> <td>1739 BC</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Ephemeral coregent with his brother Neferhotep I </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_IV" title="Sobekhotep IV">Khaneferre Sobekhotep IV</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Louvres-antiquites-egyptiennes-img_2808.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Louvres-antiquites-egyptiennes-img_2808.jpg/50px-Louvres-antiquites-egyptiennes-img_2808.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Louvres-antiquites-egyptiennes-img_2808.jpg/75px-Louvres-antiquites-egyptiennes-img_2808.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Louvres-antiquites-egyptiennes-img_2808.jpg/100px-Louvres-antiquites-egyptiennes-img_2808.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span> </td> <td>1740–1730 BC</td> <td>Perhaps buried at Abydos: <a href="/wiki/S_10_(Abydos)" title="S 10 (Abydos)">S 10</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tjan_(queen)" title="Tjan (queen)">Tjan</a><sup id="cite_ref-WG_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WG-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Brother of Neferhotep I and Sihathor </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Sobekhotep V">Merhotepre Sobekhotep V</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_of_Merhotepre_Sobekhotep_V.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Statue_of_Merhotepre_Sobekhotep_V.jpg/50px-Statue_of_Merhotepre_Sobekhotep_V.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Statue_of_Merhotepre_Sobekhotep_V.jpg/75px-Statue_of_Merhotepre_Sobekhotep_V.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Statue_of_Merhotepre_Sobekhotep_V.jpg/100px-Statue_of_Merhotepre_Sobekhotep_V.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span> </td> <td>c. 1730 BC</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nubkhaes_(13th_dynasty)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nubkhaes (13th dynasty)">Nubkhaes</a> ? <sup id="cite_ref-WG_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WG-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Sobekhotep VI">Khahotepre Sobekhotep VI</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KneelingStatueOfSobekhotepV-AltesMuseum-Berlin.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/KneelingStatueOfSobekhotepV-AltesMuseum-Berlin.png/50px-KneelingStatueOfSobekhotepV-AltesMuseum-Berlin.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/KneelingStatueOfSobekhotepV-AltesMuseum-Berlin.png/75px-KneelingStatueOfSobekhotepV-AltesMuseum-Berlin.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/KneelingStatueOfSobekhotepV-AltesMuseum-Berlin.png/100px-KneelingStatueOfSobekhotepV-AltesMuseum-Berlin.png 2x" data-file-width="864" data-file-height="2016" /></a></span> </td> <td>Around 1725 BC</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wahibre_Ibiau" title="Wahibre Ibiau">Wahibre Ibiau</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ibiau_stele_BM_Budge.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Ibiau_stele_BM_Budge.png/50px-Ibiau_stele_BM_Budge.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Ibiau_stele_BM_Budge.png/75px-Ibiau_stele_BM_Budge.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Ibiau_stele_BM_Budge.png/100px-Ibiau_stele_BM_Budge.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="964" /></a></span> </td> <td>1725–1714 BC or 1712–1701 BC</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Merneferre_Ay" title="Merneferre Ay">Merneferre Ay</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Merneferre_Ay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Merneferre_Ay.jpg/50px-Merneferre_Ay.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Merneferre_Ay.jpg/75px-Merneferre_Ay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Merneferre_Ay.jpg/100px-Merneferre_Ay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1608" data-file-height="1160" /></a></span> </td> <td>23 years, 8 months and 18 days, 1701–1677 BC or 1714–1691 BC</td> <td>Built a pyramid whose location is unknown, maybe near <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Egypt" title="Memphis, Egypt">Memphis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ineni_(queen)" title="Ineni (queen)">Inni</a> ?</td> <td>Reigned 23 years, the longest reign of the dynasty. Last king to be attested in both Lower and Upper Egypt. </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Following these kings, the remaining rulers of the 13th Dynasty are only attested by finds from Upper Egypt. This may indicate the abandonment of the old capital <a href="/wiki/Itjtawy" title="Itjtawy">Itjtawy</a> in favor of <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt" title="Thebes, Egypt">Thebes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bentor_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bentor-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daphna Ben Tor believes that this event was triggered by the invasion of the eastern Delta and the Memphite region by Canaanite rulers. For some authors, this marks the end of the Middle Kingdom and the beginning of the Second Intermediate Period.<sup id="cite_ref-bentor_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bentor-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This analysis is rejected by Ryholt and Baker however, who note that the stele of <a href="/wiki/Seheqenre_Sankhptahi" title="Seheqenre Sankhptahi">Seheqenre Sankhptahi</a>, reigning toward the end of the dynasty, strongly suggests that he reigned over Memphis. The stele is of unknown provenance.<sup id="cite_ref-KR_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-encyclo_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" align="center" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; width: 75%"> <caption><b>Dynasty XIII pharaohs continued</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Image </th> <th>Pharaoh</th> <th>Comments </th></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jar_Lid_with_Name_of_Thirteenth_Dynasty_King_Mery-hotep-Re_Ini_LACMA_M.80.203.225.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Jar_Lid_with_Name_of_Thirteenth_Dynasty_King_Mery-hotep-Re_Ini_LACMA_M.80.203.225.jpg/68px-Jar_Lid_with_Name_of_Thirteenth_Dynasty_King_Mery-hotep-Re_Ini_LACMA_M.80.203.225.jpg" decoding="async" width="68" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Jar_Lid_with_Name_of_Thirteenth_Dynasty_King_Mery-hotep-Re_Ini_LACMA_M.80.203.225.jpg/102px-Jar_Lid_with_Name_of_Thirteenth_Dynasty_King_Mery-hotep-Re_Ini_LACMA_M.80.203.225.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Jar_Lid_with_Name_of_Thirteenth_Dynasty_King_Mery-hotep-Re_Ini_LACMA_M.80.203.225.jpg/136px-Jar_Lid_with_Name_of_Thirteenth_Dynasty_King_Mery-hotep-Re_Ini_LACMA_M.80.203.225.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2037" data-file-height="2100" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Merhotepre_Ini" title="Merhotepre Ini">Merhotepre Ini</a></td> <td>Also known as Ini I </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sankhenre_Sewadjtu" title="Sankhenre Sewadjtu">Sankhenre Sewadjtu</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mersekhemre_Ined" title="Mersekhemre Ined">Mersekhemre Ined</a></td> <td>Possibly the same as <a href="/wiki/Neferhotep_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Neferhotep II">Neferhotep II</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sewadjkare_Hori" title="Sewadjkare Hori">Sewadjkare Hori</a></td> <td>Also known as Hori II </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Merkawre_Sobekhotep.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Merkawre_Sobekhotep.png/16px-Merkawre_Sobekhotep.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Merkawre_Sobekhotep.png/24px-Merkawre_Sobekhotep.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Merkawre_Sobekhotep.png/32px-Merkawre_Sobekhotep.png 2x" data-file-width="99" data-file-height="737" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Merkawre_Sobekhotep" title="Merkawre Sobekhotep">Merkawre Sobekhotep VII</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Eight kings, names lost</div></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scarab_Merkheperre_EA42204_Hall.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Scarab_Merkheperre_EA42204_Hall.png/68px-Scarab_Merkheperre_EA42204_Hall.png" decoding="async" width="68" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Scarab_Merkheperre_EA42204_Hall.png/102px-Scarab_Merkheperre_EA42204_Hall.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Scarab_Merkheperre_EA42204_Hall.png/136px-Scarab_Merkheperre_EA42204_Hall.png 2x" data-file-width="231" data-file-height="289" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Merkheperre" title="Merkheperre">Merkheperre</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Merkare" title="Merkare">Merkare</a></td> <td>Known only from the Turin canon </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">One lost king</div></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sewadjare_Mentuhotep.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Sewadjare_Mentuhotep.png/68px-Sewadjare_Mentuhotep.png" decoding="async" width="68" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Sewadjare_Mentuhotep.png/101px-Sewadjare_Mentuhotep.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Sewadjare_Mentuhotep.png/135px-Sewadjare_Mentuhotep.png 2x" data-file-width="199" data-file-height="376" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Mentuhotep V">Sewadjare Mentuhotep V</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>[...]mosre</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Ibi [...]maatre</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Hor [...] [...]webenre</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Se[...]kare</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sankhptahi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Sankhptahi.jpg/68px-Sankhptahi.jpg" decoding="async" width="68" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Sankhptahi.jpg/102px-Sankhptahi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Sankhptahi.jpg/136px-Sankhptahi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2027" data-file-height="1464" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seheqenre_Sankhptahi" title="Seheqenre Sankhptahi">Seheqenre Sankhptahi</a></td> <td>Represented on a stele offering to Ptah </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>[...]re</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Se[...]enre</td> <td>Possibly the Turin canon’s preservation of the prenomen Sewahenre. </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The chronological position of a number of attested rulers could not be conclusively determined due to a lack of evidence: </p> <table class="wikitable" align="center" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; width: 75%"> <caption><b>Dynasty XIII pharaohs, undetermined position</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Image </th> <th>Pharaoh</th> <th>Comments </th></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reperti_del_Tempio_di_Iside_di_Benevento_25.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Reperti_del_Tempio_di_Iside_di_Benevento_25.jpg/67px-Reperti_del_Tempio_di_Iside_di_Benevento_25.jpg" decoding="async" width="67" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Reperti_del_Tempio_di_Iside_di_Benevento_25.jpg/101px-Reperti_del_Tempio_di_Iside_di_Benevento_25.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Reperti_del_Tempio_di_Iside_di_Benevento_25.jpg/135px-Reperti_del_Tempio_di_Iside_di_Benevento_25.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3249" data-file-height="4332" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mershepsesre_Ini_II" title="Mershepsesre Ini II">Mershepsesre Ini II</a></td> <td>According to von Beckerath, successor of Sewadjare Mentuhotep V and predecessor of Merkheperre </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Mer-sekhem-re_Nefer-hotep_LACMA_M.71.73.51_(1_of_2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/King_Mer-sekhem-re_Nefer-hotep_LACMA_M.71.73.51_%281_of_2%29.jpg/67px-King_Mer-sekhem-re_Nefer-hotep_LACMA_M.71.73.51_%281_of_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="67" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/King_Mer-sekhem-re_Nefer-hotep_LACMA_M.71.73.51_%281_of_2%29.jpg/102px-King_Mer-sekhem-re_Nefer-hotep_LACMA_M.71.73.51_%281_of_2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/King_Mer-sekhem-re_Nefer-hotep_LACMA_M.71.73.51_%281_of_2%29.jpg/135px-King_Mer-sekhem-re_Nefer-hotep_LACMA_M.71.73.51_%281_of_2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1257" data-file-height="2100" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neferhotep_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Neferhotep II">Mersekhemre Neferhotep II</a></td> <td>Possibly the same as <a href="/wiki/Mersekhemre_Ined" title="Mersekhemre Ined">Mersekhemre Ined</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Senebmiu.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Senebmiu.png/68px-Senebmiu.png" decoding="async" width="68" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Senebmiu.png/102px-Senebmiu.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Senebmiu.png/136px-Senebmiu.png 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="316" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sewahenre_Senebmiu" title="Sewahenre Senebmiu">Sewahenre Senebmiu</a></td> <td>According to von Beckerath, successor of Se[...]kare </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Sekhanenre ...re</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scarab_Maara_Sobekhotep_(IX).webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Scarab_Maara_Sobekhotep_%28IX%29.webp/68px-Scarab_Maara_Sobekhotep_%28IX%29.webp.png" decoding="async" width="68" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Scarab_Maara_Sobekhotep_%28IX%29.webp/102px-Scarab_Maara_Sobekhotep_%28IX%29.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Scarab_Maara_Sobekhotep_%28IX%29.webp/136px-Scarab_Maara_Sobekhotep_%28IX%29.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="832" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Sobekhotep IX </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sobekhotep_I_and_II">Sobekhotep I and II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thirteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Sobekhotep I and II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ryholt posits a ruler named "Sobkhotep I Sekhemre Khutawy" as the first king of this dynasty. This is now the dominant hypothesis in Egyptology<sup id="cite_ref-encyclo_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Sobekhotep Sekhemre Khutawy is referred to as Sobekhotep I in this article. Ryholt thus credits Sekhemre Khutawy Sobkhotep I with a reign of 3 to 4 years c. 1800 BC and proposes that Khaankhre Sobekhotep II reigned c. 20 years later in 1780 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-KR_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dodson and Hilton similarly believe that Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep predated Khaankhre Sobekhotep.<sup id="cite_ref-DH_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DH-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Successors">Successors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thirteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Successors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ny_Carlsberg_Glypthotek_-_Schatzmeister_Gebu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ny_Carlsberg_Glypthotek_-_Schatzmeister_Gebu.jpg/220px-Ny_Carlsberg_Glypthotek_-_Schatzmeister_Gebu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ny_Carlsberg_Glypthotek_-_Schatzmeister_Gebu.jpg/330px-Ny_Carlsberg_Glypthotek_-_Schatzmeister_Gebu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ny_Carlsberg_Glypthotek_-_Schatzmeister_Gebu.jpg/440px-Ny_Carlsberg_Glypthotek_-_Schatzmeister_Gebu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>Statue of the royal sealer and high steward <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gebu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gebu (page does not exist)">Gebu</a>, 13th dynasty, c. 1700 BC from the temple of Amun in Karnak.</figcaption></figure> <p>After allowing discipline at the southern forts to deteriorate, the government eventually withdrew its garrisons and, not long afterward, the forts were reoccupied by the rising <a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubian</a> state of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kush" title="Kingdom of Kush">Kush</a>. In the north, Lower Egypt was overrun by the <a href="/wiki/Hyksos" title="Hyksos">Hyksos</a>, a Semitic people from across the Sinai. An independent line of kings created Dynasty XIV that arose in the western Delta during later Dynasty XIII. According to <a href="/wiki/Manetho" title="Manetho">Manetho</a>, into this unstable mix came invaders from the east called the <a href="/wiki/Hyksos" title="Hyksos">Hyksos</a> who seized Egypt "without striking a blow; and having overpowered the rulers of the land, they then burned our cities ruthlessly, razed to the ground the temples of gods..." Their regime, called <a href="/wiki/Dynasty_XV" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynasty XV">Dynasty XV</a>, was claimed to have replaced Dynasties XIII and XIV in most of the country. </p><p>However, recent archaeological finds at <a href="/wiki/Edfu" title="Edfu">Edfu</a> could indicate that the Hyksos 15th dynasty was already in existence at least by the mid-13th dynasty reign of king <a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_IV" title="Sobekhotep IV">Sobekhotep IV</a>. In a recently published paper in <i>Egypt and the Levant</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nadine Moeller, Gregory Marouard and N. Ayers discuss the discovery of an important early 12th dynasty Middle Kingdom administrative building in the eastern <a href="/wiki/Tell_Edfu" class="mw-redirect" title="Tell Edfu">Tell Edfu</a> area of Upper Egypt which was in continual use into the early Second Intermediate Period until the 17th dynasty, when its remains were sealed up by a large silo court. Fieldwork by Egyptologists in 2010 and 2011 into the remains of the former 12th dynasty building which was also used in the 13th dynasty led to the discovery of a large adjoining hall which proved to contain 41 sealings showing the cartouche of the Hyksos ruler <a href="/wiki/Khyan" title="Khyan">Khyan</a> together with 9 sealings naming the 13th dynasty king Sobekhotep IV.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The preserved contexts of these seals shows that Sobekhotep IV and Khyan were most likely contemporaries of one another. This could mean that the 13th dynasty did not control all of Egypt when Sobekhotep IV acceded to power, and that there was a significant overlap between the 13th and 15th dynasties since Sobekhotep IV was only a mid-13th dynasty ruler; although one of its most powerful kings. Therefore, Manetho's statement that the Hyksos 15th dynasty violently replaced the 13th dynasty could be a piece of later Egyptian propaganda. Rather, the 13th dynasty's authority must have been collapsing throughout Egypt in its final decades and the Hyksos state in the Delta region simply took over Memphis and ended the 13th dynasty's kingdom. However, this analysis and the conclusions drawn from it are rejected by Egyptologist Robert Porter, who argues that Khyan ruled much later than Sobekhotep IV (a gap of c. 100 years exists between the two in conventional chronologies) and that the seals of a pharaoh were used long after his death. Thus the seals of Sobekhotep IV might not indicate that he was a contemporary of Khyan.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Merneferre_Ay" title="Merneferre Ay">Merneferre Ay</a> was the last Egyptian ruler of the 13th Dynasty who is attested by objects in both Lower and Upper Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henceforth, his successors, from <a href="/wiki/Merhotepre_Ini" title="Merhotepre Ini">Merhotepre Ini</a> on, are only attested in Upper Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thirteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 26em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ryholt-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kim S. B. Ryholt, <i>The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c. 1800–1550 B.C.</i>, Museum Tusculanum Press 1997</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aidan Dodson, Dyan Hilton: The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. The American University in Cairo Press, London 2004. pp. 100–101</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KR-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KR_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KR_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KR_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KR_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">K.S.B. Ryholt. The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period c. 1800–1550 B.C. Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications 20. Copenhagen</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-encyclo-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-encyclo_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encyclo_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encyclo_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Darrell D. Baker: The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I - Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC, Stacey International, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-905299-37-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-905299-37-9">978-1-905299-37-9</a>, 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">K. S. B. Ryholt, Hotepibre, a Supposed Asiatic King in Egypt with Relations to Ebla, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, No. 311 (Aug., 1998), pp. 1–6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MV-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MV_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Verner, Miroslav. <i>The Pyramids: The Mystery, Culture, and Science of Egypt's Great Monuments</i>. Grove Press. 2001 (1997). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8021-3935-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8021-3935-3">0-8021-3935-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WG-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WG_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WG_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WG_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WG_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WG_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Grajetzki, <i>Ancient Egyptian Queens: A Hieroglyphic Dictionary</i>, Golden House Publications, London, 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0954721893" title="Special:BookSources/978-0954721893">978-0954721893</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Labib_Habachi" title="Labib Habachi">Labib Habachi</a>: <i>Khata'na-Qantir: Importance</i>, ASAE 52 (1954) pp. 471–479, pl.16–17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bentor-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bentor_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bentor_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Daphna Ben Tor: <i>Sequences and chronology of Second Intermediate Period royal-name scarabs, based on excavated series from Egypt and the Levant</i>, in: <i>The Second Intermediate Period (Thirteenth-Seventeenth Dynasties), Current Research, Future Prospects</i> edited by Marcel Maree, Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta, 192, 2010, p. 91</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DH-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DH_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dodson, Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nadine Moeller, Gregory Marouard & N. Ayers, <i>Discussion of Late Middle Kingdom and Early Second Intermediate Period History and Chronology in Relation to the Khayan Sealings from Tell Edfu</i>, in: <i>Egypt and the Levant</i> 21 (2011), pp. 87–121 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/2384683/Khayan_Sealings_from_Tell_Edfu_in_Agypten_und_Levante_XXI_2011_87-121">online PDF</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moeller, Marouard & Ayers, Egypt and the Levant 21, (2011), pp. 87–108</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert M. Porter: <i>The Second Intermediate Period according to Edfu</i>, Goettinger Mizsellen 239 (2013), p. 75–80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Schneider, "The Chronology of the Middle Kingdom and the Hyksos Period", in: E. Hornung/R. Krauss/D. Warburton (eds.), Ancient Egyptian Chronology (Handbook of Oriental Studies 1, 83), Leiden/ Boston 2006, p.180</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schneider, p.180</span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li>Clayton, Peter A. <i>Chronicle of the Pharaohs: The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Rulers and Dynasties of Ancient Egypt</i>. London: Thames & Hudson Ltd., 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0500286280" title="Special:BookSources/0500286280">0500286280</a>.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt">Twelfth Dynasty</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Egyptian_dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ancient Egyptian dynasties">Dynasty of Egypt</a> </b><br />1803−1639 BC </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Fourteenth Dynasty</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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