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id="toc-Interpreteren-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compileren" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compileren"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Compileren</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compileren-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Herdefinities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Herdefinities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Herdefinities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Herdefinities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Externe links</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Forth (programmeertaal)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 33 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AB_(%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A9)" title="فورث (لغة برمجة) – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فورث (لغة برمجة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F)" title="Форт (мова праграмавання) – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Форт (мова праграмавання)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth" title="Forth – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Forth" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth" title="Forth – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Forth" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth_(programovac%C3%AD_jazyk)" title="Forth (programovací jazyk) – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Forth (programovací jazyk)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth_(Programmiersprache)" title="Forth (Programmiersprache) – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Forth (Programmiersprache)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth" title="Forth – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Forth" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth_(programming_language)" title="Forth (programming language) – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Forth (programming language)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth_(programlingvo)" title="Forth (programlingvo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Forth (programlingvo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth" title="Forth – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Forth" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AB" title="زبان برنامه‌نویسی فورث – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان برنامه‌نویسی فورث" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth_(ohjelmointikieli)" title="Forth (ohjelmointikieli) – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Forth (ohjelmointikieli)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth_(langage)" title="Forth (langage) – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Forth (langage)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth" title="Forth – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Forth" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth_(programoz%C3%A1si_nyelv)" title="Forth (programozási nyelv) – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Forth (programozási nyelv)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth_(linguage_de_programmation)" title="Forth (linguage de programmation) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Forth (linguage de programmation)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth_(linguaggio)" title="Forth (linguaggio) – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Forth (linguaggio)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth" title="Forth – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Forth" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EC%8A%A4_(%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EB%9E%98%EB%B0%8D_%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4)" title="포스 (프로그래밍 언어) – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포스 (프로그래밍 언어)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8)" title="Форт (программалоо тили) – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Форт (программалоо тили)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth_(programm%C4%93%C5%A1anas_valoda)" title="Forth (programmēšanas valoda) – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Forth (programmēšanas valoda)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="Forth (programmeringsspråk) – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Forth (programmeringsspråk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth_(j%C4%99zyk_programowania)" title="Forth (język programowania) – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Forth (język programowania)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth" title="Forth – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Forth" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_(%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Форт (язык программирования) – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Форт (язык программирования)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth" title="Forth – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Forth" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth_(programski_jezik)" title="Forth (programski jezik) – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Forth (programski jezik)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Forth (програмски језик) – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Forth (програмски језик)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth_(programspr%C3%A5k)" title="Forth (programspråk) – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Forth (programspråk)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth" title="Forth – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Forth" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth" title="Forth – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Forth" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth" title="Forth – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Forth" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth" title="Forth – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Forth" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q275472#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div 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style="background-color:beige; color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3">Forth </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Programmeerparadigma" title="Programmeerparadigma">Paradigma</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Imperatief_programmeren" title="Imperatief programmeren">imperatief</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Verschenen </th> <td colspan="2">1968 </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="nowrap">Ontworpen door</span> </th> <td colspan="2">Charles Moore </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Typesysteem" title="Typesysteem">Typesysteem</a> </th> <td colspan="2">geen </td></tr> <tr> <th>Implementaties </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/GNU" title="GNU">GNU</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/forth/gforth/">Forth</a> en anderen </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="nowrap">Beïnvloed door</span> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lisp_(programmeertaal)" title="Lisp (programmeertaal)">Lisp</a>, <a href="/wiki/APL_(programmeertaal)" title="APL (programmeertaal)">APL</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Besturingssysteem" title="Besturingssysteem">Besturingssysteem</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Multiplatform" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiplatform">Multiplatform</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Website" title="Website">Website</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://forth-standard.org/">https://forth-standard.org/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="background-color:beige; color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Informatica" title="Portaal:Informatica">Informatica</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Forth</b> is een <a href="/wiki/Programmeertaal" title="Programmeertaal">programmeertaal</a> die nogal afwijkt van de meeste andere programmeertalen. <a href="/wiki/Lisp_(programmeertaal)" title="Lisp (programmeertaal)">LISP</a> is misschien nog het meest verwant maar mist de in Forth centraal aanwezige <a href="/wiki/Call_stack" title="Call stack">parameter- en return-stacks</a>. Forth is door Charles Moore bedacht toen hij rond 1968 <a href="/wiki/Computerprogramma" title="Computerprogramma">computerprogramma</a>'s schreef om <a href="/wiki/Radiotelescoop" title="Radiotelescoop">radiotelescopen</a> te bedienen. De interactieve natuur van de taal maakt deze zeer geschikt voor dit soort besturingen. </p><p>De naam <i>Forth</i> is een variant op het woord <i>fourth</i> (vierde), aangevend dat het een zogenaamde vierdegeneratietaal betreft. Het systeem waarop de eerste <i>Forth</i>-interpreter werd geschreven kende slechts bestandsnamen van maximaal vijf tekens, daarom werd de <i>u</i> uit de naam geschrapt. </p><p>Forth bestaat uit een basisset van commando's of subroutines (in Forth <i>woorden</i> genoemd) die altijd voorhanden zijn; de programmeur maakt met behulp van deze <i>woorden</i> nieuwe <i>woorden</i> die daarna meteen volwaardig deel uitmaken van de taal. De voor de programmeur vrij toegankelijke parameter-<a href="/wiki/Stack_(informatica)" title="Stack (informatica)">stack</a>, waar de te bewerken waarden worden klaargezet en waar de uitkomsten van berekeningen verschijnen, maakt het gebruik van globale variabelen vrijwel onnodig. Woorden in Forth mogen alle ASCII-tekens bevatten, met uitzondering van de spatie: deze laatste vormt de scheiding tussen de woorden. Dat is dan meteen de complete definitie van de taal, want alle andere zaken (operatoren, condities, enzovoort) worden door normale Forth-woorden afgehandeld. Dit betekent onder meer dat een programmeur de werking van de taal compleet kan veranderen door deze woorden te herdefiniëren (zie het voorbeeld verderop met het woord "1"). </p><p>Ieder Forth-programma is eigenlijk een applicatie-specifieke uitbreiding van de taal. Forth levert extreem compacte programma's af met een heel goede executiesnelheid omdat het aanroepen van een <a href="/wiki/Subroutine" class="mw-redirect" title="Subroutine">subroutine</a> in hoge mate geoptimaliseerd is. Een simpele Forth, met de circa 50 minimaal benodigde <i>woorden</i> waarmee alle andere commando's kunnen worden gemaakt, kan al in 2 of 3 kilobyte worden geprogrammeerd. Omdat de implementatie zo eenvoudig gaat, is Forth dan ook meestal een van de eerste hogere talen die voor een nieuwe <a href="/wiki/Microprocessor" title="Microprocessor">microprocessor</a> beschikbaar komt. </p><p>Het belangrijkste nadeel van Forth is dat via het beschreven uitbreidingsmechanisme het aantal mogelijkheden van de taal zo groot wordt. Een niet uitvoerig documenterende programmeur zal zijn werk moeilijk aan een ander kunnen overdragen — programma's dragen sterk het stempel van hun maker. Een standaard Forth-<i>stijl</i> bestaat niet. </p><p>Forth werkt <a href="/wiki/Mens-computerinteractie" title="Mens-computerinteractie">interactief</a>, en het verschil tussen <a href="/wiki/Interpreter" title="Interpreter">interpreteren</a> en <a href="/wiki/Compiler" title="Compiler">compileren</a> bedraagt slechts twee leestekens (":" en ";"). Omdat Forth bestaat uit zeer veel kleine incrementeel opgebouwde en direct testbare subroutines, en omdat bij een goede programmeerstijl zonder variabelen de data verborgen blijft, beschouwen sommige programmeurs Forth als een <a href="/w/index.php?title=Object-geori%C3%ABnteerde_programmeertaal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Object-georiënteerde programmeertaal (de pagina bestaat niet)">object-georiënteerde programmeertaal</a> avant la lettre. </p><p>Forth is vrij gemakkelijk op een <a href="/wiki/Ge%C3%AFntegreerde_schakeling" title="Geïntegreerde schakeling">chip</a> te implementeren en er zijn dan ook speciale <a href="/wiki/RISC" class="mw-redirect" title="RISC">RISC</a>-<a href="/wiki/Microprocessor" title="Microprocessor">microprocessoren</a> die Forth-instructies als <a href="/wiki/Machinetaal" title="Machinetaal">machinetaal</a> hebben. </p><p>De in veel printers gebruikte pagina-opmaaktaal <a href="/wiki/Programmeertaal_PostScript" class="mw-redirect" title="Programmeertaal PostScript">PostScript</a> is gebaseerd op Forth. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Een_vocabulaire">Een vocabulaire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forth_(programmeertaal)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Een vocabulaire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forth_(programmeertaal)&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Een vocabulaire"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Forth bestaat uit een set <i>woorden</i> die als ze worden uitgevoerd bepaalde eerder gedefinieerde handelingen verrichten. Om een <i>woord</i> uit te voeren toets je de naam ervan in en drukt op Enter. Het <i>woord</i> <code>words</code> geeft een opsomming van alle op dat moment in die Forth beschikbare woorden. Een <i>woord</i> kan opnieuw worden gedefinieerd; dit heeft geen effect op eerdere definities van het <i>woord</i> maar het betekent wel dat latere aanroepen de nieuwere definitie zullen gebruiken. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voorbeelden">Voorbeelden</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forth_(programmeertaal)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Voorbeelden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forth_(programmeertaal)&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Voorbeelden"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interpreteren">Interpreteren</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forth_(programmeertaal)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Interpreteren" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forth_(programmeertaal)&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Interpreteren"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Als je in Forth intypt: </p><p><b>1 3 + .</b> </p><p>dan wordt op het scherm getoond: </p><p><b>4</b> </p><p>Het getal 1 wordt door het te noemen (in te typen) op de stack gezet, daarna het getal 3, de operator '+' (plus) telt de bovenste stackwaarde op bij het getal dat als tweede op de stack staat, waarna '.' (dot) het printcommando is dat de bovenste stackwaarde afdrukt en daarna verwijdert. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compileren">Compileren</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forth_(programmeertaal)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Compileren" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forth_(programmeertaal)&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Compileren"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Als je intypt: </p><p><b>: hello cr ." Hello, world!" ;</b> </p><p>dan wordt het woord <b>hello</b> op de volgende wijze gecompileerd: </p><p><b>:</b> betekent <i>begin compilatie</i><br /> <b>hello</b> is de naam van het nieuwe woord<br /> <b>cr</b> (<i>carriage return</i>) wil zeggen <i>druk een nieuwe regel af</i><br /> <b>."</b> betekent <i>druk de tekens af tot aan de volgende</i> <b>"</b> <i>behalve de eerste spatie (delimiter)</i><br /> <b>;</b> einde van de compilatie. </p><p>Als nu wordt ingetypt: </p><p><b>hello</b> <cr> </p><p>dan wordt er afgedrukt: </p><p><b>Hello, world!</b> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Herdefinities">Herdefinities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forth_(programmeertaal)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Herdefinities" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forth_(programmeertaal)&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Herdefinities"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Door herdefiniëren van standaardwoorden kan een zeer verwarrende Forth variant worden gemaakt. Zo kan bijvoorbeeld worden gedefinieerd: </p><p><b>: 1 2 ;</b> </p><p>Waarna intypen van het getal 1 het getal 2 op de stack zet, met de te verwachten rampzalige gevolgen voor later te definiëren woorden: </p><p><b>1 1 + .</b> </p><p>Zal dan 4 afdrukken. Aan de positieve kant maakt deze mogelijkheid, wanneer ze met beleid wordt gebruikt, de taal flexibel. </p><p>Daarom is het van groot belang dat alle Forth-routines worden toegelicht in een stackdiagram, tussen de ( ) achter de definitie. (Het teken "(" is ook een Forth-woord, maar het teken ")" is dat niet). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_links">Externe links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forth_(programmeertaal)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe links" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forth_(programmeertaal)&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe links"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forth.com/forth/forth-books.html">Forth books</a> door Elizabeth Rather en anderen bij FORTH, Inc.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mpeforth.com/arena/ProgramForth.pdf">Programming Forth</a> door Stephen Pelc, MPE</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/forth/gforth/Docs-html/Tutorial.html">Gforth tutorial</a> Gforth is onderdeel van de <a href="/wiki/GNU_Compiler_Collection" title="GNU Compiler Collection">GNU Compiler Collection</a> (gcc).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://galileo.phys.virginia.edu/classes/551.jvn.fall01/primer.htm">A Beginner's Guide to Forth</a> door Julian Noble</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iforth.nl/sf/sf.html">Starting Forth web editie</a>, Forth introductie door Leo Brodie — een klassieker (niet meer verkrijgbaar)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051216163615/http://thinking-forth.sourceforge.net/">Thinking Forth</a>, Leo Brodie's boek over de Forth programmeer methode (creative commons license)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ece.cmu.edu/~koopman/stack_computers/index.html">Stack 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(programmeertaal)">C</a> · <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a> · <a href="/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp">C#</a> · <a href="/wiki/Clean_(programmeertaal)" title="Clean (programmeertaal)">Clean</a> · <a href="/wiki/Clipper_(programmeertaal)" title="Clipper (programmeertaal)">Clipper</a> · <a href="/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL">COBOL</a> · <a href="/wiki/COMAL" title="COMAL">COMAL</a> · <a href="/wiki/Curry_(programmeertaal)" title="Curry (programmeertaal)">Curry</a> · <a href="/wiki/D_(programmeertaal)" title="D (programmeertaal)">D</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eiffel_(programmeertaal)" title="Eiffel (programmeertaal)">Eiffel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Erlang_(programmeertaal)" title="Erlang (programmeertaal)">Erlang</a> · <a href="/wiki/F_Sharp" title="F Sharp">F#</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Forth</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fortran" title="Fortran">Fortran</a> · <a href="/wiki/Go_(programmeertaal)" title="Go (programmeertaal)">Go</a> · <a href="/wiki/Haskell_(programmeertaal)" title="Haskell (programmeertaal)">Haskell</a> · <a href="/wiki/Icon_(programmeertaal)" title="Icon (programmeertaal)">Icon</a> · <a href="/wiki/J_Sharp" title="J Sharp">J#</a> · <a href="/wiki/Java_(programmeertaal)" title="Java (programmeertaal)">Java</a> · <a href="/wiki/Julia_(programmeertaal)" title="Julia (programmeertaal)">Julia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kotlin_(programmeertaal)" title="Kotlin (programmeertaal)">Kotlin</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lisp_(programmeertaal)" title="Lisp (programmeertaal)">Lisp</a> · <a href="/wiki/Logo_(programmeertaal)" title="Logo (programmeertaal)">Logo</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lua_(programmeertaal)" title="Lua (programmeertaal)">Lua</a> · <a href="/wiki/M4_(programmeertaal)" title="M4 (programmeertaal)">m4</a> · <a href="/wiki/ML_(programmeertaal)" title="ML (programmeertaal)">ML</a> · <a href="/wiki/Modula-2" title="Modula-2">Modula-2</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oberon_(programmeertaal)" title="Oberon (programmeertaal)">Oberon</a> · <a href="/wiki/Object_Pascal" title="Object Pascal">Object Pascal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Objective-C" title="Objective-C">Objective-C</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ocaml" title="Ocaml">Ocaml</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oz_(programmeertaal)" title="Oz (programmeertaal)">Oz</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programmeertaal)" title="Pascal (programmeertaal)">Pascal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Perl_(programmeertaal)" title="Perl (programmeertaal)">Perl</a> · <a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a> · <a href="/wiki/PL/1" title="PL/1">PL/I</a> · <a href="/wiki/PL/SQL" title="PL/SQL">PL/SQL</a> · <a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">Prolog</a> · <a href="/wiki/Prova_(programmeertaal)" title="Prova (programmeertaal)">Prova</a> · <a href="/wiki/Python_(programmeertaal)" title="Python (programmeertaal)">Python</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rexx" title="Rexx">Rexx</a> · <a href="/wiki/RPG_(programmeertaal)" title="RPG (programmeertaal)">RPG</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ruby_(programmeertaal)" title="Ruby (programmeertaal)">Ruby</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rust_(programmeertaal)" title="Rust (programmeertaal)">Rust</a> · <a href="/wiki/SAS_(programmeertaal)" title="SAS (programmeertaal)">SAS</a> · <a href="/wiki/Scala_(programmeertaal)" title="Scala (programmeertaal)">Scala</a> · <a href="/wiki/Scheme" title="Scheme">Scheme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Self_(programmeertaal)" title="Self (programmeertaal)">Self</a> · <a href="/wiki/Simula" title="Simula">Simula</a> · <a href="/wiki/Smalltalk_(programmeertaal)" title="Smalltalk (programmeertaal)">Smalltalk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Swift_(programmeertaal)" title="Swift (programmeertaal)">Swift</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tcl_(programmeertaal)" title="Tcl (programmeertaal)">TCL</a> · <a href="/wiki/TypeScript" title="TypeScript">TypeScript</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vala_(programmeertaal)" title="Vala (programmeertaal)">Vala</a> · <a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic">Visual Basic</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zig_(programmeertaal)" title="Zig (programmeertaal)">Zig</a> · </p> </div></div>    </div><noscript><img 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