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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Đăng nhập</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Thêm tùy chọn" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Công cụ cá nhân" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Công cụ cá nhân</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Bảng chọn thành viên" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_vi.wikipedia.org&uselang=vi"><span>Quyên góp</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:M%E1%BB%9F_t%C3%A0i_kho%E1%BA%A3n&returnto=Madurai" title="Bạn được khuyến khích mở tài khoản và đăng nhập; tuy nhiên, không bắt buộc phải có tài khoản"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Tạo tài khoản</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:%C4%90%C4%83ng_nh%E1%BA%ADp&returnto=Madurai" title="Đăng nhập sẽ có lợi hơn, tuy nhiên không bắt buộc. 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này</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Trang Web"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Nội dung" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nội dung</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Đầu</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Nguồn_gốc_tên_gọi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nguồn_gốc_tên_gọi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Nguồn gốc tên gọi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nguồn_gốc_tên_gọi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lịch_sử" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lịch_sử"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Lịch sử</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lịch_sử-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kiến_trúc" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kiến_trúc"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kiến trúc</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kiến_trúc-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Địa_lý_và_khí_hậu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Địa_lý_và_khí_hậu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Địa lý và khí hậu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Địa_lý_và_khí_hậu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Giao_thông" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Giao_thông"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Giao thông</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Giao_thông-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Giáo_dục" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Giáo_dục"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Giáo dục</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Giáo_dục-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kinh_tế" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kinh_tế"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Kinh tế</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kinh_tế-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Văn_hóa_và_du_lịch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Văn_hóa_và_du_lịch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Văn hóa và du lịch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Văn_hóa_và_du_lịch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Các_danh_thắng_nổi_tiếng" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Các_danh_thắng_nổi_tiếng"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Các danh thắng nổi tiếng</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Các_danh_thắng_nổi_tiếng-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tham_khảo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tham_khảo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Tham khảo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tham_khảo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Nội dung" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Đóng mở mục lục" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Đóng mở mục lục</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Madurai</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Xem bài viết trong ngôn ngữ khác. Bài có sẵn trong 80 ngôn ngữ" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-80" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">80 ngôn ngữ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Tiếng Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A" title="مادوراي – Tiếng Ả Rập" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مادوراي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ả Rập" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Tiếng Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Tiếng Mã Lai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Mã Lai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87" title="মাদুরাই – Tiếng Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মাদুরাই" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai_(si%C3%A2%E2%81%BF)" title="Madurai (siâⁿ) – Tiếng Mân Nam" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Madurai (siâⁿ)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Mân Nam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мадурай – Tiếng Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мадурай" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88" title="मदुरै – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मदुरै" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Tiếng Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Tiếng Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai_(lungsod)" title="Madurai (lungsod) – Tiếng Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Madurai (lungsod)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Tiếng Séc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Séc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Tiếng Đức" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Đức" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Tiếng Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%B9" title="Μαντουράι – Tiếng Hy Lạp" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαντουράι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hy Lạp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bài viết tốt"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Tiếng Anh" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Anh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Tiếng Tây Ban Nha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tây Ban Nha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maduraj" title="Maduraj – Tiếng Quốc Tế Ngữ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Maduraj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Quốc Tế Ngữ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Tiếng Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="مادورای – Tiếng Ba Tư" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مادورای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ba Tư" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Tiếng Pháp" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Pháp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%87" title="મદુરાઇ – Tiếng Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મદુરાઇ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%91%90%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4" title="마두라이 – Tiếng Hàn" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마두라이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hàn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B5" title="Մադուրայ – Tiếng Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մադուրայ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%88" title="मदुरई – Tiếng Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मदुरई" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87" title="মদুরাই – Tiếng Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মদুরাই" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мадурай – Tiếng Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Мадурай" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Tiếng Italy" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Italy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%99" title="מאדוראי – Tiếng Do Thái" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מאדוראי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Do Thái" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A7%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%88" title="ಮಧುರೈ – Tiếng Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಧುರೈ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Tiếng Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98" title="მადურაი – Tiếng Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მადურაი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мадурай – Tiếng Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мадурай" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maduraja" title="Maduraja – Tiếng Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Maduraja" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurajus" title="Madurajus – Tiếng Litva" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Madurajus" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Litva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madur%C3%A1j" title="Maduráj – Tiếng Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Maduráj" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88" title="मदुरै – Tiếng Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="मदुरै" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Tiếng Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A7%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0" title="മധുര – Tiếng Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മധുര" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88" title="मदुराई – Tiếng Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मदुराई" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98" title="მადურაი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მადურაი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%89" title="مدينه مادوراى – Tiếng Ả Rập Ai Cập" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مدينه مادوراى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ả Rập Ai Cập" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мадурай – Tiếng Mông Cổ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мадурай" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Mông Cổ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai_(stad)" title="Madurai (stad) – Tiếng Hà Lan" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Madurai (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hà Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88" title="मदुरै – Tiếng Nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मदुरै" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87" title="मदुराइ – Tiếng Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मदुराइ" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%89%E3%82%A5%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4" title="マドゥライ – Tiếng Nhật" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マドゥライ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nhật" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мадурай – Tiếng Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Мадурай" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Tiếng Frisia Miền Bắc" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Frisia Miền Bắc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Tiếng Na Uy (Bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Na Uy (Bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Tiếng Na Uy (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Na Uy (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Tiếng Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87" title="ମଦୁରାଇ – Tiếng Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମଦୁରାଇ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maduray" title="Maduray – Tiếng Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Maduray" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%88" title="ਮਦੁਰਈ – Tiếng Punjab" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਦੁਰਈ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Punjab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6" title="مادورائ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مادورائ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="مدورای – Tiếng Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مدورای" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maduraj" title="Maduraj – Tiếng Ba Lan" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Maduraj" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ba Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Tiếng Bồ Đào Nha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bồ Đào Nha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Tiếng Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мадурай – Tiếng Nga" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мадурай" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88" title="मधुरै – Tiếng Phạn" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मधुरै" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Phạn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD" title="ᱢᱟᱫᱩᱨᱟᱭ – Tiếng Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱟᱫᱩᱨᱟᱭ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Tiếng Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Tiếng Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%98" title="Мадурај – Tiếng Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мадурај" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Tiếng Phần Lan" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Phần Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Tiếng Thụy Điển" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thụy Điển" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88" title="மதுரை – Tiếng Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மதுரை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мадурай – Tiếng Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мадурай" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%88" title="మదురై – Tiếng Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మదురై" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A3" title="มตุไร – Tiếng Thái" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มตุไร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thái" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мадурай – Tiếng Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мадурай" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="مدورئی – Tiếng Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مدورئی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai – Tiếng Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Madurai" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%9C%E8%B5%96" title="马杜赖 – Tiếng Ngô" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马杜赖" data-language-autonym="吴语" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="vi" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:22em;width:23em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:12px;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;line-height:1.1em;font-size:135%;font-weight:bold;color:black;font-size:1.25em; white-space:nowrap"><span class="fn org">Madurai</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:0.7em 0.8em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:Madurai,_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Madurai%2C_India.jpg/250px-Madurai%2C_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Madurai%2C_India.jpg/375px-Madurai%2C_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Madurai%2C_India.jpg/500px-Madurai%2C_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2589" data-file-height="1598" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div class="center"><div style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:World_location_map_(equirectangular_180).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Madurai trên bản đồ Thế giới"><img alt="Madurai trên bản đồ Thế giới" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg/250px-World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg/375px-World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg/500px-World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2521" data-file-height="1260" /></a></span><div style="position:absolute;top:44.489%;left:71.7%"><div style="position:absolute;left:-3px;top:-3px;line-height:0"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Madurai"><img alt="Madurai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div style="font-size:90%;line-height:110%;position:absolute;width:6em;top:-0.75em;right:4px;text-align:right"><div style="display:inline;padding:1px;float:right">Madurai</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row">Quốc gia</th><td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%A4n_%C4%90%E1%BB%99" title="Ấn Độ">Ấn Độ</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row">Bang</th><td>Tamil Nadu</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:5px;text-align:left; padding: 0.5em;">Chính quyền<span style="font-weight:normal"></span></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Mayor</th><td>Thenmozhi Gopinathan<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:5px;text-align:left; padding: 0.5em;">Diện tích<span style="font-weight:normal"></span></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Tổng cộng</th><td>109 km<sup>2</sup> (42 mi<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Cao_%C4%91%E1%BB%99" title="Cao độ">Độ cao</a><span style="font-weight:normal"></span></th><td>8 m (26 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:5px;text-align:left; padding: 0.5em;">Dân số <span style="font-weight:normal">(2001)</span></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Tổng cộng</th><td>904.665</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <a href="/wiki/M%E1%BA%ADt_%C4%91%E1%BB%99_d%C3%A2n_s%E1%BB%91" title="Mật độ dân số">Mật độ</a></th><td>8,300/km<sup>2</sup> (21,000/mi<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAi_gi%E1%BB%9D" title="Múi giờ">Múi giờ</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Gi%E1%BB%9D_chu%E1%BA%A9n_%E1%BA%A4n_%C4%90%E1%BB%99" title="Giờ chuẩn Ấn Độ">IST</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B05:30" title="UTC+05:30">UTC+05:30</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A3_b%C6%B0u_ch%C3%ADnh_t%E1%BA%A1i_%E1%BA%A4n_%C4%90%E1%BB%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mã bưu chính tại Ấn Độ (trang không tồn tại)">Mã bưu chính</a></th><td class="adr"><span class="postal-code">625 0xx</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A3_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_tho%E1%BA%A1i" class="mw-redirect" title="Mã điện thoại">Mã điện thoại</a></th><td>452</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Bi%E1%BB%83n_%C4%91%C4%83ng_k%C3%BD_xe" title="Biển đăng ký xe">Biển số xe</a></th><td>TN58, TN59</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row">Trang web</th><td>madurai.nic.in</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Madurai</b> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d1\/Madurai.ogg\/Madurai.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"pronunciation"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"vi","wikibase":"","file":"Madurai.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d1/Madurai.ogg/Madurai.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">pronunciation</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:Madurai.ogg" title="Tập tin:Madurai.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span> (<a href="/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Tamil" title="Tiếng Tamil">tiếng Tamil</a>: <span lang="ta">மதுரை</span>, <small>IPA: </small><span title="Kí hiệu đại diện trong IPA" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%A3_gi%C3%BAp:IPA" title="Trợ giúp:IPA">[mɐd̪ɯrəj]</a></span>) là một thành phố và là một <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BB%99i_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng_th%C3%A0nh_ph%E1%BB%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hội đồng thành phố (trang không tồn tại)">hội đồng thành phố</a> với dân số ít hơn 900.000 dân. Thành phố tọa lạc bên bờ của <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%B4ng_Vaigai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sông Vaigai (trang không tồn tại)">sông Vaigai</a> ở <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qu%E1%BA%ADn_Madurai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quận Madurai (trang không tồn tại)">quận Madurai</a> của <a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A2n_c%E1%BA%A5p_h%C3%A0nh_ch%C3%ADnh_%E1%BB%9F_%E1%BA%A4n_%C4%90%E1%BB%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Phân cấp hành chính ở Ấn Độ">bang</a> <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>. </p><p>Madurai có di sản văn hóa có niên đại 2500 năm và đã là một trung tâm thương mại quan trọng năm 550 Công nguyên. Madurai là kinh đô của các vua <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pandya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pandya (trang không tồn tại)">Pandya</a> của <a href="/wiki/Nam_%E1%BA%A4n_%C4%90%E1%BB%99" title="Nam Ấn Độ">Nam Ấn Độ</a>. Ngày nay, thành phố Madurai là thủ phủ hành chính của quận Madurai. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nguồn_gốc_tên_gọi"><span id="Ngu.E1.BB.93n_g.E1.BB.91c_t.C3.AAn_g.E1.BB.8Di"></span>Nguồn gốc tên gọi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sửa đổi phần “Nguồn gốc tên gọi”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai&action=edit&section=1" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Nguồn gốc tên gọi"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lịch_sử"><span id="L.E1.BB.8Bch_s.E1.BB.AD"></span>Lịch sử</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sửa đổi phần “Lịch sử”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai&action=edit&section=2" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Lịch sử"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kiến_trúc"><span id="Ki.E1.BA.BFn_tr.C3.BAc"></span>Kiến trúc</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sửa đổi phần “Kiến trúc”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai&action=edit&section=3" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Kiến trúc"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Địa_lý_và_khí_hậu"><span id=".C4.90.E1.BB.8Ba_l.C3.BD_v.C3.A0_kh.C3.AD_h.E1.BA.ADu"></span>Địa lý và khí hậu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sửa đổi phần “Địa lý và khí hậu”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai&action=edit&section=4" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Địa lý và khí hậu"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Giao_thông"><span id="Giao_th.C3.B4ng"></span>Giao thông</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sửa đổi phần “Giao thông”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai&action=edit&section=5" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Giao thông"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Giáo_dục"><span id="Gi.C3.A1o_d.E1.BB.A5c"></span>Giáo dục</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sửa đổi phần “Giáo dục”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai&action=edit&section=6" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Giáo dục"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kinh_tế"><span id="Kinh_t.E1.BA.BF"></span>Kinh tế</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sửa đổi phần “Kinh tế”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai&action=edit&section=7" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Kinh tế"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Văn_hóa_và_du_lịch"><span id="V.C4.83n_h.C3.B3a_v.C3.A0_du_l.E1.BB.8Bch"></span>Văn hóa và du lịch</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sửa đổi phần “Văn hóa và du lịch”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai&action=edit&section=8" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Văn hóa và du lịch"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Các_danh_thắng_nổi_tiếng"><span id="C.C3.A1c_danh_th.E1.BA.AFng_n.E1.BB.95i_ti.E1.BA.BFng"></span>Các danh thắng nổi tiếng</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sửa đổi phần “Các danh thắng nổi tiếng”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai&action=edit&section=9" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Các danh thắng nổi tiếng"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tham_khảo"><span id="Tham_kh.E1.BA.A3o"></span>Tham khảo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sửa đổi phần “Tham khảo”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurai&action=edit&section=10" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Tham khảo"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r71728118">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67233549">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"“""”""‘""’"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071001015924/http://www.hindu.com/2006/10/29/stories/2006102911600100.htm">“First woman Mayor for Madurai”</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/2006/10/29/stories/2006102911600100.htm">Bản gốc</a> lưu trữ ngày 1 tháng 10 năm 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Truy cập ngày 17 tháng 7 năm 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=First+woman+Mayor+for+Madurai&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2F2006%2F10%2F29%2Fstories%2F2006102911600100.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3AMadurai" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Đã bỏ qua tham số không rõ <code class="cs1-code">|accessyear=</code> (gợi ý <code class="cs1-code">|access-date=</code>) (<a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%A3_gi%C3%BAp:L%E1%BB%97i_CS1#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Trợ giúp:Lỗi CS1">trợ giúp</a>); </span><span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Đã bỏ qua tham số không rõ <code class="cs1-code">|accessmonthday=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%A3_gi%C3%BAp:L%E1%BB%97i_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Trợ giúp:Lỗi CS1">trợ giúp</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="boilerplate metadata plainlinks" id="stub"><table class="metadata plainlinks stub" style="background: transparent;" role="presentation"><tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:Flag-map_of_India_(de-facto).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Hình tượng sơ khai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag-map_of_India_%28de-facto%29.svg/40px-Flag-map_of_India_%28de-facto%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag-map_of_India_%28de-facto%29.svg/60px-Flag-map_of_India_%28de-facto%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag-map_of_India_%28de-facto%29.svg/80px-Flag-map_of_India_%28de-facto%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="860" data-file-height="910" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Bài viết liên quan đến <a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%A4n_%C4%90%E1%BB%99" title="Ấn Độ">Ấn Độ</a> này vẫn còn <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:B%C3%A0i_s%C6%A1_khai" title="Wikipedia:Bài sơ khai">sơ khai</a>. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia <a class="external text" href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madurai&veaction=edit">mở rộng nội dung</a> để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.</i><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style="position: absolute; right: 15px; display: none;"><ul><li class="nv-xem"><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:S%C6%A1_khai_%E1%BA%A4n_%C4%90%E1%BB%99" title="Bản mẫu:Sơ khai Ấn Độ"><abbr title="Xem bản mẫu này">x</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-thảo luận"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn_B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:S%C6%A1_khai_%E1%BA%A4n_%C4%90%E1%BB%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thảo luận Bản mẫu:Sơ khai Ấn Độ (trang không tồn tại)"><abbr title="Thảo luận bản mẫu này">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sửa"><a class="external text" href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:S%C6%A1_khai_%E1%BA%A4n_%C4%90%E1%BB%99&action=edit"><abbr title="Sửa bản mẫu này">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r71936381">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r70981351">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons có thêm hình ảnh và phương tiện truyền tải về <i><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Madurai?uselang=vi">Madurai</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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