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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Area code for Knoxville, Tennessee</div> <p><b>Area code 865</b> serves <a href="/wiki/Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="Knoxville, Tennessee">Knoxville, Tennessee</a>, and the nine surrounding counties (<a href="/wiki/Anderson_County,_Tennessee" title="Anderson County, Tennessee">Anderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blount_County,_Tennessee" title="Blount County, Tennessee">Blount</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grainger_County,_Tennessee" title="Grainger County, Tennessee">Grainger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Tennessee" title="Jefferson County, Tennessee">Jefferson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knox_County,_Tennessee" title="Knox County, Tennessee">Knox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loudon_County,_Tennessee" title="Loudon County, Tennessee">Loudon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roane_County,_Tennessee" title="Roane County, Tennessee">Roane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sevier_County,_Tennessee" title="Sevier County, Tennessee">Sevier</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Union_County,_Tennessee" title="Union County, Tennessee">Union</a>) in central <a href="/wiki/East_Tennessee" title="East Tennessee">East Tennessee</a>. The area incorporates most of the region defined as the Knoxville-<a href="/wiki/Sevierville,_Tennessee" title="Sevierville, Tennessee">Sevierville</a>-<a href="/wiki/La_Follette,_Tennessee" class="mw-redirect" title="La Follette, Tennessee">La Follette</a> <a href="/wiki/Combined_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined Statistical Area">Combined Statistical Area</a>. </p><p>Cities in the 865 area include Knoxville, <a href="/wiki/Alcoa,_Tennessee" title="Alcoa, Tennessee">Alcoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bean_Station,_Tennessee" title="Bean Station, Tennessee">Bean Station</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clinton,_Tennessee" title="Clinton, Tennessee">Clinton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gatlinburg,_Tennessee" title="Gatlinburg, Tennessee">Gatlinburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harriman,_Tennessee" title="Harriman, Tennessee">Harriman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_City,_Tennessee" title="Jefferson City, Tennessee">Jefferson City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Tennessee" title="Kingston, Tennessee">Kingston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lenoir_City,_Tennessee" title="Lenoir City, Tennessee">Lenoir City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryville,_Tennessee" title="Maryville, Tennessee">Maryville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maynardville,_Tennessee" title="Maynardville, Tennessee">Maynardville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norris,_Tennessee" title="Norris, Tennessee">Norris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge,_Tennessee" title="Oak Ridge, Tennessee">Oak Ridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pigeon_Forge,_Tennessee" title="Pigeon Forge, Tennessee">Pigeon Forge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plainview,_Tennessee" title="Plainview, Tennessee">Plainview</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rockwood,_Tennessee" title="Rockwood, Tennessee">Rockwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rutledge,_Tennessee" title="Rutledge, Tennessee">Rutledge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sevierville,_Tennessee" title="Sevierville, Tennessee">Sevierville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Townsend,_Tennessee" title="Townsend, Tennessee">Townsend</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Area_code_865&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When planning of the area code system concluded in 1947, <a href="/wiki/Area_code_901" title="Area code 901">area code 901</a> was assigned as the sole area code for Tennessee. In 1954, the numbering plan area was restricted to <a href="/wiki/West_Tennessee" title="West Tennessee">West Tennessee</a>, while everything east of the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_River" title="Tennessee River">Tennessee River</a> received the new <a href="/wiki/Area_code_615" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code 615">area code 615</a>. </p><p>This division remained in place for 41 years, until <a href="/wiki/Area_code_423" title="Area code 423">area code 423</a> was created as the area code for most of <a href="/wiki/East_Tennessee" title="East Tennessee">East Tennessee</a>, with 615 restricted to <a href="/wiki/Middle_Tennessee" title="Middle Tennessee">Middle Tennessee</a>. The state's three area codes were now roughly coextensive with the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Divisions_of_Tennessee" title="Grand Divisions of Tennessee">Grand Divisions of Tennessee</a>. </p><p>This was intended as a long-term solution. However, within only three years, 423 was already on the brink of exhaustion due to the proliferation of cell phones and pagers. With the prospect of 423 being exhausted by 1999, it soon became apparent that East Tennessee needed another area code, even though this would have forced some residents to change their numbers for the second time in a decade. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Regulatory_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessee Regulatory Authority">Tennessee Regulatory Authority</a> requested that the code 865 be assigned to Knoxville when the area was split from 423. This was because on a standard telephone keypad, the numbers 865 correspond to the letters <i>VOL,</i> the commonly used short version of Volunteers, which is the formal nickname of <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Volunteers" title="Tennessee Volunteers">the sports teams</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tennessee" title="University of Tennessee">University of Tennessee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Normally, when an area code is split, the largest city in an existing numbering plan area keeps the original code—in this case, Knoxville. </p><p>When plans were drawn up for the split, it was decided that the Tri-Cities were not large enough for their own area code, but were too large to follow Knoxville into 865. This left the Tennessee Regulatory Authority with two options–turn 865 into an <a href="/wiki/Overlay_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Overlay plan">overlay</a> for all of East Tennessee, or make two <a href="/wiki/Geographic_contiguity" title="Geographic contiguity">non-contiguous</a> sections of 423. Overlays were a new concept at the time, and met with some resistance due to the need for <a href="/wiki/Ten-digit_dialing" title="Ten-digit dialing">ten-digit dialing</a>. The Regulatory Authority chose the second option. </p><p>865 began its split on October 1, 1999; permissive dialing of 423 continued throughout East Tennessee until February 1, 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This resulted in 423 becoming one of the few non-contiguous area codes in the country; 865 is now almost entirely surrounded by the two sections of 423. </p><p> On October 24, 2021, area code 865 was transitioned to <a href="/wiki/Ten-digit_dialing" title="Ten-digit dialing">ten-digit dialing</a>, despite not being part of an <a href="/wiki/Overlay_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Overlay plan">overlay numbering plan</a>, in which multiple area codes are assigned to a numbering plan area. The area code had telephone numbers assigned for the <a href="/wiki/Central_office_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Central office code">central office code</a> 988. In 2020, <i>988</i> was designated nationwide as a dialing code for the <a href="/wiki/National_Suicide_Prevention_Lifeline" class="mw-redirect" title="National Suicide Prevention Lifeline">National Suicide Prevention Lifeline</a>, which created a conflict for exchanges that still permitted <a href="/wiki/Seven-digit_dialing" title="Seven-digit dialing">seven-digit dialing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pl556_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pl556-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greenevillesun.com/news/article_ec25a9f2-a55b-5f03-9f2a-49a096d34751.html">"New Knoxville Area Code Will Become '865' for 'VOL'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 17 April 1999.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Knoxville+Area+Code+Will+Become+%27865%27+for+%27VOL%27&rft.date=1999-04-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greenevillesun.com%2Fnews%2Farticle_ec25a9f2-a55b-5f03-9f2a-49a096d34751.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArea+code+865" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Brewer, Bill. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19991003042549/http://areacode-info.com/headline/1999/tn990417.htm">423 Area Code To Become VOL In 9 ET Counties</a>." <i>Knoxville News-Sentinel</i>. April 17, 1999.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.state.tn.us/tra/pressr/1999/vol865.pdf">Tennessee Regulatory Authority press release</a>, April 29, 1999</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pl556-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pl556_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalnanpa.com/pdf/PL_556.pdf">"Transition to 10-digit dialing (for 988 as 3-digit access to National Suicide Prevention Hotline)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. North American Numbering Plan Administrator. January 8, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 9,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Transition+to+10-digit+dialing+%28for+988+as+3-digit+access+to+National+Suicide+Prevention+Hotline%29&rft.pub=North+American+Numbering+Plan+Administrator&rft.date=2021-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalnanpa.com%2Fpdf%2FPL_556.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArea+code+865" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Area_code_865&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalnanpa.com/area_code_maps/display.html?tn">NANPA area code map of Tennessee </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090208195233/http://www.areacodedownload.com/865/index.html">List of exchanges from AreaCodeDownload.com, 865 Area Code</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;" width="80%" align="center"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> area codes: <a href="/wiki/Area_code_423" title="Area code 423">423</a>, <a href="/wiki/Area_codes_615_and_629" title="Area codes 615 and 629">615/629</a>, <a href="/wiki/Area_code_731" title="Area code 731">731</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">865</a>, <a href="/wiki/Area_code_901" title="Area code 901">901</a>, <a href="/wiki/Area_code_931" title="Area code 931">931</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td width="35%" style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td width="30%" style="text-align:center;"><b>North</b>: <a href="/wiki/Area_code_423" title="Area code 423">423</a> </td> <td width="35%" style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="10%" style="text-align:center;"><b>West</b>: <a href="/wiki/Area_code_931" title="Area code 931">931</a> </td> <td width="35%" style="text-align:center;"><b>area code 865 </b> </td> <td width="30%" style="text-align:center;"><b>East</b>: <a href="/wiki/Area_code_423" title="Area code 423">423</a>, <a href="/wiki/Area_code_828" title="Area code 828">828</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="35%" style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td width="30%" style="text-align:center;"><b>South</b>: <a href="/wiki/Area_code_423" title="Area code 423">423</a> </td> <td width="35%" style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> area codes: <a href="/wiki/Area_code_252" title="Area code 252">252</a>, <a href="/wiki/Area_codes_336_and_743" title="Area codes 336 and 743">336/743</a>, <a href="/wiki/Area_codes_704_and_980" title="Area codes 704 and 980">704/980</a>, <a href="/wiki/Area_code_828" title="Area code 828">828</a>, <a href="/wiki/Area_codes_910_and_472" title="Area codes 910 and 472">910/472</a>, <a href="/wiki/Area_codes_919_and_984" title="Area codes 919 and 984">919/984</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><span class="metadata coord-missing"></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Tennessee.svg/160px-Flag_of_Tennessee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Openingt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tennessee Volunteers football"><img alt="Tennessee Volunteers football" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Openingt.jpg/80px-Openingt.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Openingt.jpg/120px-Openingt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Openingt.jpg/160px-Openingt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:15-19-158,_view_from_clingmans_dome_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Great Smoky Mountains"><img alt="Great Smoky Mountains" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/15-19-158%2C_view_from_clingmans_dome_-_panoramio.jpg/80px-15-19-158%2C_view_from_clingmans_dome_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/15-19-158%2C_view_from_clingmans_dome_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-15-19-158%2C_view_from_clingmans_dome_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/15-19-158%2C_view_from_clingmans_dome_-_panoramio.jpg/160px-15-19-158%2C_view_from_clingmans_dome_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3068" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoa,_Tennessee" title="Alcoa, Tennessee">Alcoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bean_Station,_Tennessee" title="Bean Station, Tennessee">Bean Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaine,_Tennessee" title="Blaine, Tennessee">Blaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton,_Tennessee" title="Clinton, Tennessee">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farragut,_Tennessee" title="Farragut, Tennessee">Farragut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_City,_Tennessee" title="Jefferson City, Tennessee">Jefferson City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaFollette,_Tennessee" title="LaFollette, Tennessee">LaFollette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenoir_City,_Tennessee" title="Lenoir City, Tennessee">Lenoir City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryville,_Tennessee" title="Maryville, Tennessee">Maryville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maynardville,_Tennessee" title="Maynardville, Tennessee">Maynardville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morristown,_Tennessee" title="Morristown, Tennessee">Morristown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge,_Tennessee" title="Oak Ridge, Tennessee">Oak Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport,_Tennessee" title="Newport, Tennessee">Newport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutledge,_Tennessee" title="Rutledge, Tennessee">Rutledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevierville,_Tennessee" title="Sevierville, Tennessee">Sevierville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Counties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anderson_County,_Tennessee" title="Anderson County, Tennessee">Anderson County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blount_County,_Tennessee" title="Blount County, Tennessee">Blount County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbell_County,_Tennessee" title="Campbell County, Tennessee">Campbell County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocke_County,_Tennessee" title="Cocke County, Tennessee">Cocke County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grainger_County,_Tennessee" title="Grainger County, Tennessee">Grainger County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamblen_County,_Tennessee" title="Hamblen County, Tennessee">Hamblen County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knox_County,_Tennessee" title="Knox County, Tennessee">Knox County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Tennessee" title="Jefferson County, Tennessee">Jefferson County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudon_County,_Tennessee" title="Loudon County, Tennessee">Loudon County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_County,_Tennessee" title="Morgan County, Tennessee">Morgan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roane_County,_Tennessee" title="Roane County, Tennessee">Roane County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevier_County,_Tennessee" title="Sevier County, Tennessee">Sevier County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_County,_Tennessee" title="Union County, Tennessee">Union County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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