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placeholder="ค้นหาใน วิกิพีเดีย" aria-label="ค้นหาใน วิกิพีเดีย" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ค้นหาวิกิ [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="พิเศษ:ค้นหา"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ค้นหา</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="หน้าตา" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">หน้าตา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th" class=""><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ" class=""><span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือส่วนตัว</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="เมนูผู้ใช้" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th"><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> หน้าสำหรับผู้แก้ไขที่ออกจากระบบ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3" aria-label="เรียนรู้เพิ่มเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไข"><span>เรียนรู้เพิ่มเติม</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="รายการการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ส่วนร่วม</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>คุย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="สารบัญ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">สารบัญ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">บทนำ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-อ้างอิง" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#อ้างอิง"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>อ้างอิง</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-อ้างอิง-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="สารบัญ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ทะเลปั๋วไห่</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ไปที่บทความในภาษาอื่น ซึ่งมีใน 68 ภาษา" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">68 ภาษา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A" title="بحر بوهاي – อาหรับ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بحر بوهاي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="อาหรับ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_de_Bohai" title="Mar de Bohai – อัสตูเรียส" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mar de Bohai" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="อัสตูเรียส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxayvan" title="Boxayvan – อาเซอร์ไบจาน" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Boxayvan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="อาเซอร์ไบจาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%9E" title="Бахайскі заліў – เบลารุส" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бахайскі заліў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="เบลารุส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Бохайско море – บัลแกเรีย" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бохайско море" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="บัลแกเรีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohajsko_more" title="Bohajsko more – บอสเนีย" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bohajsko more" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="บอสเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo_Hai" title="Bo Hai – คาตาลัน" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bo Hai" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="คาตาลัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C5%8Fk-h%C4%81i" title="Buŏk-hāi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Buŏk-hāi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohai_Wan" title="Bohai Wan – เซบู" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bohai Wan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="เซบู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pochajsk%C3%A9_mo%C5%99e" title="Pochajské moře – เช็ก" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pochajské moře" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="เช็ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B4r_Bohai" title="Môr Bohai – เวลส์" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Môr Bohai" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="เวลส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohaihavet" title="Bohaihavet – เดนมาร์ก" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bohaihavet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="เดนมาร์ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_von_Bohai" title="Golf von Bohai – เยอรมัน" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Golf von Bohai" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohai_Sea" title="Bohai Sea – อังกฤษ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bohai Sea" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="อังกฤษ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohaj-maro" title="Bohaj-maro – เอสเปรันโต" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bohaj-maro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="เอสเปรันโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_de_Bohai" title="Mar de Bohai – สเปน" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mar de Bohai" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="สเปน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo_Hai" title="Bo Hai – เอสโตเนีย" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bo Hai" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="เอสโตเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohai_itsasoa" title="Bohai itsasoa – บาสก์" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bohai itsasoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="บาสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="دریای بوهای – เปอร์เซีย" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دریای بوهای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="เปอร์เซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohainmeri" title="Bohainmeri – ฟินแลนด์" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bohainmeri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ฟินแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golfe_de_Bohai" title="Golfe de Bohai – ฝรั่งเศส" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Golfe de Bohai" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ฝรั่งเศส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohaisee" title="Bohaisee – ฟริเซียนตะวันตก" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bohaisee" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="ฟริเซียนตะวันตก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_de_Bohai" title="Mar de Bohai – กาลิเซีย" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mar de Bohai" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="กาลิเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%95%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99" title="ים בוהאי – ฮิบรู" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ים בוהאי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ฮิบรู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="बोहाई सागर – ฮินดี" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बोहाई सागर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ฮินดี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohajsko_more" title="Bohajsko more – โครเอเชีย" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bohajsko more" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohaj-tenger" title="Pohaj-tenger – ฮังการี" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pohaj-tenger" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ฮังการี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Bohai" title="Laut Bohai – อินโดนีเซีย" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Laut Bohai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="อินโดนีเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baybay_Bohai" title="Baybay Bohai – อีโลโก" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Baybay Bohai" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="อีโลโก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B3ha%C3%ADhaf" title="Bóhaíhaf – ไอซ์แลนด์" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bóhaíhaf" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ไอซ์แลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mare_di_Bohai" title="Mare di Bohai – อิตาลี" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mare di Bohai" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="อิตาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%A4%E6%B5%B7_(%E6%B5%B7%E5%9F%9F)" title="渤海 (海域) – ญี่ปุ่น" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="渤海 (海域)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ญี่ปุ่น" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ბოხაივანი – จอร์เจีย" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბოხაივანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="จอร์เจีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%83" title="សមុទ្របូហៃ – เขมร" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សមុទ្របូហៃ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="เขมร" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B4%ED%95%B4" title="보하이해 – เกาหลี" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="보하이해" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="เกาหลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mare_Bohaiense" title="Mare Bohaiense – ละติน" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mare Bohaiense" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ละติน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohajaus_%C4%AFlanka" title="Bohajaus įlanka – ลิทัวเนีย" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bohajaus įlanka" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ลิทัวเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohai_j%C5%ABra" title="Bohai jūra – ลัตเวีย" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bohai jūra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ลัตเวีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Бохајско Море – มาซิโดเนีย" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бохајско Море" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="มาซิโดเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Бохайн тэнгис – มองโกเลีย" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бохайн тэнгис" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="มองโกเลีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="बोहाय समुद्र – มราฐี" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बोहाय समुद्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="มราฐี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Bohai" title="Laut Bohai – มาเลย์" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Laut Bohai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="มาเลย์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88" title="پوهای دریو – มาซันดารานี" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پوهای دریو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="มาซันดารานี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohai_(zee)" title="Bohai (zee) – ดัตช์" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bohai (zee)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ดัตช์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohai" title="Bohai – นอร์เวย์นีนอสก์" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bohai" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์นีนอสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohai" title="Bohai – นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bohai" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0" title="ਬੋਹਾਈ ਸਾਗਰ – ปัญจาบ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੋਹਾਈ ਸਾਗਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="ปัญจาบ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zatoka_Pohaj" title="Zatoka Pohaj – โปแลนด์" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zatoka Pohaj" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="โปแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_de_Bohai" title="Mar de Bohai – โปรตุเกส" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mar de Bohai" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="โปรตุเกส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Бохайвань – รัสเซีย" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бохайвань" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="รัสเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohai_Sea" title="Bohai Sea – สกอตส์" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Bohai Sea" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="สกอตส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohajsko_more" title="Bohajsko more – เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bohajsko more" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohai_Sea" title="Bohai Sea – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bohai Sea" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohajsko_morje" title="Bohajsko morje – สโลวีเนีย" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bohajsko morje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="สโลวีเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Бохајско море – เซอร์เบีย" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бохајско море" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="เซอร์เบีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohai" title="Bohai – สวีเดน" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bohai" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="สวีเดน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahari_ya_Bohai" title="Bahari ya Bohai – สวาฮีลี" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bahari ya Bohai" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="สวาฮีลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohai_Denizi" title="Bohai Denizi – ตุรกี" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bohai Denizi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ตุรกี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Бохайвань – ยูเครน" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бохайвань" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ยูเครน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%81_%D8%A8%D9%88%DB%81%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="بحیرہ بوہای – อูรดู" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بحیرہ بوہای" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="อูรดู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BB%99t_H%E1%BA%A3i_(bi%E1%BB%83n)" title="Bột Hải (biển) – เวียดนาม" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bột Hải (biển)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="เวียดนาม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagat_Bohai" title="Dagat Bohai – วาเรย์" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Dagat Bohai" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="วาเรย์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%A4%E6%B5%B7" title="渤海 – จีนอู๋" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="渤海" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="จีนอู๋" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ბოხაივანი – เมเกรเลีย" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბოხაივანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="เมเกรเลีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%A4%E6%B5%B7" title="渤海 – จีน" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="渤海" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="จีน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%A4%E6%B5%B7" title="渤海 – จีนคลาสสิก" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="渤海" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="จีนคลาสสิก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pu%CC%8Dt-h%C3%A1i" title="Pu̍t-hái – จีนมินหนาน" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pu̍t-hái" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="จีนมินหนาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%A4%E6%B5%B7" title="渤海 – กวางตุ้ง" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="渤海" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="กวางตุ้ง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q181969#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="แก้ไขลิงก์ข้ามภาษา" class="wbc-editpage">แก้ไขลิงก์</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="เนมสเปซ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88" title="ดูหน้าเนื้อหา [c]" accesskey="c"><span>บทความ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88" rel="discussion" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับหน้าเนื้อหา [t]" accesskey="t"><span>อภิปราย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เปลี่ยนรูปแบบภาษา" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ไทย</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="ดู"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88"><span>อ่าน</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88&action=edit" title="แก้ไขรหัสต้นฉบับของหน้านี้ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>แก้ไข</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88&action=history" title="แก้ไขเก่าของหน้านี้ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>ดูประวัติ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="หน้าเครื่องมือ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">เครื่องมือ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> การกระทำ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88"><span>อ่าน</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88&action=edit" title="แก้ไขรหัสต้นฉบับของหน้านี้ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>แก้ไข</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88&action=history"><span>ดูประวัติ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ทั่วไป </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88" title="รายการหน้าวิกิทุกหน้าที่ลิงก์มาที่นี่ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>หน้าที่ลิงก์มา</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88" rel="nofollow" title="รายการเปลี่ยนแปลงล่าสุดในหน้าที่ลิงก์จากหน้านี้ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>การเปลี่ยนแปลงที่เกี่ยวโยง</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94" title="อัปโหลดไฟล์ [u]" accesskey="u"><span>อัปโหลดไฟล์</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9" title="รายการหน้าพิเศษทั้งหมด [q]" accesskey="q"><span>หน้าพิเศษ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88&oldid=11947978" title="ลิงก์ถาวรมารุ่นนี้ของหน้านี้"><span>ลิงก์ถาวร</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88&action=info" title="ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับหน้านี้"><span>สารสนเทศหน้า</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87&page=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88&id=11947978&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="สารสนเทศเกี่ยวกับวิธีการอ้างอิงหน้านี้"><span>อ้างอิงบทความนี้</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B9%258B%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B9%2584%25E0%25B8%25AB%25E0%25B9%2588"><span>รับยูอาร์แอลแบบสั้น</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B9%258B%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B9%2584%25E0%25B8%25AB%25E0%25B9%2588"><span>ดาวน์โหลดคิวอาร์โค้ด</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> พิมพ์/ส่งออก </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88"><span>สร้างหนังสือ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88&action=show-download-screen"><span>ดาวน์โหลดเป็น PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88&printable=yes" title="รุ่นที่พร้อมพิมพ์ของหน้านี้ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>รุ่นพร้อมพิมพ์</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ในโครงการอื่น </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bohai_Sea" hreflang="en"><span>วิกิมีเดียคอมมอนส์</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q181969" title="ลิงก์ไปยังสิ่งนี้ในคลังซึ่งเชื่อมโยงข้อมูลต่าง ๆ เข้าด้วยกัน [g]" accesskey="g"><span>สิ่งนี้ในวิกิสนเทศ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="หน้าเครื่องมือ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" 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ภาพถ่ายทางอากาศ และข้อมูลอื่นเกี่ยวกับสถานที่นี้">38.7°N 119.9°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.7; 119.9</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size: 125%; background-color: #b0c4de;">ทะเลปั๋วไห่</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Bohaiseamap2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bohaiseamap2.png/220px-Bohaiseamap2.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bohaiseamap2.png/330px-Bohaiseamap2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bohaiseamap2.png/440px-Bohaiseamap2.png 2x" data-file-width="569" data-file-height="487" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #b0c4de;">ชื่อภาษาจีน</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="ภาษาจีน">ภาษาจีน</a></th><td><span style="font-size: 1rem"><span title="ข้อความภาษาจีน"><span lang="zh-Hani">渤海</span></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size: 100%; text-align: left; background-color: #f9ffbc;">การถอดเสียง</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ภาษาจีนมาตรฐาน">ภาษาจีนกลางมาตรฐาน</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%BA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="ฮั่นยฺหวี่พินอิน">ฮั่นยฺหวี่พินอิน</a></th><td style="text-align: left;">Bó Hǎi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94-%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="เวด-ไจลส์">เวด-ไจลส์</a></th><td style="text-align: left;">Po<sup>2</sup> hai<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5" title="สัทอักษรสากล">IPA</a></th><td style="text-align: left;"><span class="IPA" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5" title="สัทอักษรสากล">[pwǒ.xài]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%8B" title="ภาษาอู๋">ภาษาอู๋</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align: left;">อักษรโรมัน</th><td style="text-align: left;">Poh<sup>平</sup> hae<sup>平</sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ภาษากวางตุ้งมาตรฐาน">ภาษากวางตุ้งมาตรฐาน</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align: left;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" class="extiw" title="en:Yale romanization of Cantonese">อักษรโรมันแบบเยล</a></th><td style="text-align: left;">Buht hói</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%BA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%87" title="ยฺหวิดเพ็ง">ยฺหวิดเพ็ง</a></th><td style="text-align: left;">But<sup>6</sup> hoi<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89" title="ภาษาหมิ่นใต้">ภาษาหมิ่นใต้</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align: left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taiwanese_Romanization_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taiwanese Romanization System (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ไถหลัว</a></th><td style="text-align: left;">Phu̍t hái</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #b0c4de;">ชื่อภาษาเกาหลี</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%A5" title="อักษรฮันกึล">ฮันกึล</a></th><td><div style="display:inline;font-size:1rem;"><span title="ข้อความภาษาเกาหลี"><span lang="ko-Hang">발해</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2" title="อักษรฮันจา">ฮันจา</a></th><td><div style="display:inline;font-size:1rem;"><span title="ข้อความภาษาเกาหลี"><span lang="ko-Hani">渤海</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size: 100%; text-align: left; background-color: #f9ffbc;">การถอดเสียง</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%92%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5_2000" title="ระบบกระทรวงวัฒนธรรมเกาหลี 2000">อาร์อาร์</a></th><td style="text-align:left;"><span lang="ko-Latn" title="ko rr transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Balhae </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99-%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ระบบแมกคูน-ไรซ์ชาวเออร์">เอ็มอาร์</a></th><td style="text-align:left;"><span lang="ko-Latn" title="ko mr transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Parhae </span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>ทะเลปั๋วไห่</b> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9" title="ภาษาอังกฤษ">อังกฤษ</a>: <span lang="en">Bohai Sea</span>; <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="ภาษาจีน">จีน</a>: <span lang="zh">渤海</span>, "ทะเลปั๋ว") หรือ <b>อ่าวปั๋วไห่</b> (Bohai Gulf) เป็น<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7" title="อ่าว">อ่าว</a>ที่อยู่ทางตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="จีน">จีน</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> และข้างในสุดของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="ทะเลเหลือง">ทะเลเหลือง</a> มีเนื้อที่ประมาณ 77,000 ตารางกิโลเมตร (30,000 ตารางไมล์) นับเป็นจุดที่มีการสัญจรทางทะเลคับคั่งที่สุดแห่งหนึ่งในโลก </p><p>ช่วงต้นศตวรรษที่ 20 ทะเลปั๋วไห่มักเรียกว่า อ่าวจื๋อลี่ (Gulf of Chihli) หรืออ่าวเป่ย์จื๋อลี่ (Gulf of Pechihli) ประกอบด้วยอ่าว 3 แห่ง คือ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="อ่าวไหลโจว (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">อ่าวไหลโจว</a> (Laizhou Bay) ทางใต้ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="อ่าวเหลียวตง (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">อ่าวเหลียวตง</a> (Liaodong Bay) ทางเหนือ และ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="อ่าวปั๋วไห่ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">อ่าวปั๋วไห่</a> (Bohai Bay) ทางตะวันตก ส่วนทางตะวันออกตรงปลาย<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%87" title="คาบสมุทรเหลียวตง">คาบสมุทรเหลียวตง</a>กับคาบสมุทรชานตงคือช่องแคบปั๋วไห่ (Bohai Strait) มีเกาะที่สำคัญได้แก่ ฉางชาน (Changshan) ฉางซิ่ง (Changxing) และซีจง (Xizhong) แม่น้ำที่ไหลลงทะเลแห่งนี้ได้แก่ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87" title="แม่น้ำหวง">แม่น้ำหวง</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่น้ำไห่ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">แม่น้ำไห่</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7" title="แม่น้ำเหลียว">แม่น้ำเหลียว</a> และ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่น้ำหลวน (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">แม่น้ำหลวน</a> มีเขตติดต่อกับ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%87" class="mw-redirect" title="มณฑลซานตง">มณฑลซานตง</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="มณฑลเหอเป่ย์">มณฑลเหอเป่ย์</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="เทียนจิน">เทียนจิน</a> และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87" title="มณฑลเหลียวหนิง">มณฑลเหลียวหนิง</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ทะเลปั๋วไห่เป็นแหล่ง<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="น้ำมัน">น้ำมัน</a>และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" title="แก๊สธรรมชาติ">แก๊สธรรมชาติ</a>จำนวนมาก มีบ่อหลักคือเชิ่งลี่ (Shengli) ซึ่งเป็น<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="บ่อน้ำมัน (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">บ่อน้ำมัน</a>ที่ใหญ่เป็นอันดับที่ 2 ของจีน<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> นำมาใช้ประโยชน์ตั้งแต่ทศวรรษ 1960 ปัจจุบันมีการผลิตกว่า 500,000 บาร์เรลต่อวัน แต่จำนวนลดน้อยลงแล้ว<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ในเดือนมิถุนายน ค.ศ. 2011 เกิดเหตุน้ำมันรั่วในทะเล ส่งผลเสียต่อสิ่งแวดล้อมและมีการฟ้องร้องในเวลาต่อมา<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ในเดือนกุมภาพันธ์ ค.ศ. 2011 รัฐบาลจีนมีโครงการสร้างอุโมงค์ใต้น้ำเชื่อมระหว่างเมือง<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="ต้าเหลียน">ต้าเหลียน</a>บนคาบสมุทรเหลียวตงกับเมือง<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ยันไถ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ยันไถ</a>บนคาบสมุทรชานตง ความยาว 106 กิโลเมตร (66 ไมล์)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> โครงการนี้วางแผนมาตั้งแต่ ค.ศ. 1994 ในเดือนกรกฎาคม ค.ศ. 2013 มีการปรับปรุงแผนและเพิ่มความยาวอุโมงค์เป็น 123 กิโลเมตร (76 ไมล์)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="อ้างอิง"><span id=".E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.87"></span>อ้างอิง</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88&action=edit&section=1" title="แก้ไขส่วน: อ้างอิง"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.cn/guoqing/2017-07/28/content_5043915.htm">中华人民共和国版图</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Inlang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:Inlang (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">แม่แบบ:Inlang</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10205087">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20100728161735/http://www.unep.org/dewa/giwa/areas/reports/r34/regional_definition34b_giwa_r34.pdf">"Regional Definition: Bohai Sea - UNEP"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจาก<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unep.org/dewa/giwa/areas/reports/r34/regional_definition34b_giwa_r34.pdf">แหล่งเดิม</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>เมื่อ 2010-07-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">2015-11-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regional+Definition%3A+Bohai+Sea+-+UNEP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unep.org%2Fdewa%2Fgiwa%2Fareas%2Freports%2Fr34%2Fregional_definition34b_giwa_r34.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.onepetro.org/conference-paper/IPTC-13575-MS">Enhance Foam Flooding Pilot Test in Chengdong Of Shengli Oilfield: Laboratory Experiment And Field Performance</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://205.254.135.24/countries/cab.cfm?fips=CH">China. Background</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120113160337/http://205.254.135.24/countries/cab.cfm?fips=CH">เก็บถาวร</a> 2012-01-13 ที่ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน">เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน</a>. US Energy Information Administration</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/en/2015-07/27/content_21414896.htm">Oil giants sued over Bohai spill</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Asahi Shimbun</i>, "China To Build Undersea Tunnel Crossing Bohai Strait", 18 February 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150113115401/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/07/11/us-china-tunnel-idUSBRE96A0EK20130711">"China plans world's longest sea tunnel at $42 billion -report"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" class="mw-redirect" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. 11 July 2013. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจาก<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/07/11/us-china-tunnel-idUSBRE96A0EK20130711">แหล่งเดิม</a>เมื่อ 2015-01-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">2015-11-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=China+plans+world%27s+longest+sea+tunnel+at+%2442+billion+-report&rft.date=2013-07-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2F2013%2F07%2F11%2Fus-china-tunnel-idUSBRE96A0EK20130711&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น"><span 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