LoudMiner, Software S0451 | MITRE ATT&CK®

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Please switch to the <a href='https://github.com/mitre-attack/attack-workbench-taxii-server/blob/main/docs/USAGE.md'>TAXII 2.1 server</a> to ensure uninterrupted service. </div> </div> </div> <div class="row flex-grow-1 flex-shrink-0">   <div class="sidebar nav sticky-top flex-column pr-0 pt-4 pb-3 pl-3" id="v-tab" role="tablist" aria-orientation="vertical"> <div class="resizer" id="resizer"></div>  <div id="sidebars"></div>  </div> <div class="tab-content col-xl-9 pt-4" id="v-tabContent"> <div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="v-attckmatrix" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="v-attckmatrix-tab"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/versions/v16/">Home</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/versions/v16/software/">Software</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item">LoudMiner</li> </ol> <div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="v-" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="v--tab"></div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xl-12"> <div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid"> <div class="container-fluid"> <h1> LoudMiner </h1> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8"> <div class="description-body"> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0451">LoudMiner</a> is a cryptocurrency miner which uses virtualization software to siphon system resources. The miner has been bundled with pirated copies of Virtual Studio Technology (VST) for Windows and macOS.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."data-reference="ESET LoudMiner June 2019"><sup><a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span></p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"> <div id="card-id" class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">ID: </span>S0451 </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="" data-test-ignore="true" data-original-title="This software is commercial, custom closed source, or open source software intended to be used for malicious purposes by adversaries">ⓘ</span> </div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Type</span>: MALWARE </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="" data-test-ignore="true" data-original-title="The system an adversary is operating within; could be an operating system or application">ⓘ</span> </div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Platforms</span>: macOS, Windows </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Version</span>: 1.4 </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Created: </span>18 May 2020 </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Last Modified: </span>11 April 2024 </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text-center pt-2 version-button permalink"> <div class="live"> <a data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Permalink to this version of S0451" href="/versions/v16/software/S0451/" data-test-ignore="true">Version Permalink</a> </div> <div class="permalink"> <a data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Go to the live version of S0451" href="/software/S0451/" data-test-ignore="true">Live Version</a> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="dropdown h3 mt-3 float-right"> <button class="btn btn-navy dropdown-toggle" type="button" id="dropdownMenuButton" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <b>ATT&CK<sup>®</sup> Navigator Layers</b> </button> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="dropdownMenuButton"> <h6 class="dropdown-header">Enterprise Layer</h6> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/versions/v16/software/S0451/S0451-enterprise-layer.json" download target="_blank">download</a>  <a class="dropdown-item" href="#" id="view-layer-on-navigator-enterprise" target="_blank">view <img width="10" src="/versions/v16/theme/images/external-site-dark.jpeg"></a> <script src="/versions/v16/theme/scripts/settings.js"></script> <script> if (window.location.protocol == "https:") { //view on navigator only works when this site is hosted on HTTPS var layerURL = window.location.protocol + "//" + window.location.host + base_url + "software/S0451/S0451-enterprise-layer.json"; document.getElementById("view-layer-on-navigator-enterprise").href = "https://mitre-attack.github.io/attack-navigator//#layerURL=" + encodeURIComponent(layerURL); } else { //hide button document.getElementById("view-layer-on-navigator-enterprise").classList.add("d-none"); } </script> </div> </div>  <h2 class="pt-3 mb-2" id="techniques">Techniques Used</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table techniques-used background table-bordered"> <thead> <tr> <th class="p-2" scope="col">Domain</th> <th class="p-2" colspan="2">ID</th> <th class="p-2" scope="col">Name</th> <th class="p-2" scope="col">Use</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1059">T1059</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1059/003">.003</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1059">Command and Scripting Interpreter</a>: <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1059/003">Windows Command Shell</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0451">LoudMiner</a> used a batch script to run the Linux virtual machine as a service.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."data-reference="ESET LoudMiner June 2019"><sup><a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td></td> <td></td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1059/004">.004</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1059">Command and Scripting Interpreter</a>: <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1059/004">Unix Shell</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0451">LoudMiner</a> used shell scripts to launch various services and to start/stop the QEMU virtualization.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."data-reference="ESET LoudMiner June 2019"><sup><a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1543">T1543</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1543/003">.003</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1543">Create or Modify System Process</a>: <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1543/003">Windows Service</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0451">LoudMiner</a> can automatically launch a Linux virtual machine as a service at startup if the AutoStart option is enabled in the VBoxVmService configuration file.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."data-reference="ESET LoudMiner June 2019"><sup><a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td></td> <td></td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1543/004">.004</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1543">Create or Modify System Process</a>: <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1543/004">Launch Daemon</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0451">LoudMiner</a> adds plist files with the naming format <code>com.[random_name].plist</code> in the <code>/Library/LaunchDaemons</code> folder with the RunAtLoad and KeepAlive keys set to <code>true</code>.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."data-reference="ESET LoudMiner June 2019"><sup><a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1189">T1189</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1189">Drive-by Compromise</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0451">LoudMiner</a> is typically bundled with pirated copies of Virtual Studio Technology (VST) for Windows and macOS.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."data-reference="ESET LoudMiner June 2019"><sup><a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1564">T1564</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1564/001">.001</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1564">Hide Artifacts</a>: <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1564/001">Hidden Files and Directories</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0451">LoudMiner</a> has set the attributes of the VirtualBox directory and VBoxVmService parent directory to "hidden".<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."data-reference="ESET LoudMiner June 2019"><sup><a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td></td> <td></td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1564/006">.006</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1564">Hide Artifacts</a>: <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1564/006">Run Virtual Instance</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0451">LoudMiner</a> has used QEMU and VirtualBox to run a Tiny Core Linux virtual machine, which runs XMRig and makes connections to the C2 server for updates.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."data-reference="ESET LoudMiner June 2019"><sup><a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1070">T1070</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1070/004">.004</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1070">Indicator Removal</a>: <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1070/004">File Deletion</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0451">LoudMiner</a> deleted installation files after completion.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."data-reference="ESET LoudMiner June 2019"><sup><a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1105">T1105</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1105">Ingress Tool Transfer</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0451">LoudMiner</a> used SCP to update the miner from the C2.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."data-reference="ESET LoudMiner June 2019"><sup><a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1027">T1027</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1027/010">.010</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1027">Obfuscated Files or Information</a>: <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1027/010">Command Obfuscation</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0451">LoudMiner</a> has obfuscated various scripts.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."data-reference="ESET LoudMiner June 2019"><sup><a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td></td> <td></td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1027/013">.013</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1027">Obfuscated Files or Information</a>: <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1027/013">Encrypted/Encoded File</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0451">LoudMiner</a> has encrypted DMG files.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."data-reference="ESET LoudMiner June 2019"><sup><a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1057">T1057</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1057">Process Discovery</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0451">LoudMiner</a> used the <code>ps</code> command to monitor the running processes on the system.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."data-reference="ESET LoudMiner June 2019"><sup><a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1496">T1496</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1496/001">.001</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1496">Resource Hijacking</a>: <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1496/001">Compute Hijacking</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0451">LoudMiner</a> harvested system resources to mine cryptocurrency, using XMRig to mine Monero.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."data-reference="ESET LoudMiner June 2019"><sup><a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1218">T1218</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1218/007">.007</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1218">System Binary Proxy Execution</a>: <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1218/007">Msiexec</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0451">LoudMiner</a> used an MSI installer to install the virtualization software.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."data-reference="ESET LoudMiner June 2019"><sup><a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1082">T1082</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1082">System Information Discovery</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0451">LoudMiner</a> has monitored CPU usage.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."data-reference="ESET LoudMiner June 2019"><sup><a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1016">T1016</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1016">System Network Configuration Discovery</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0451">LoudMiner</a> used a script to gather the IP address of the infected machine before sending to the C2.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."data-reference="ESET LoudMiner June 2019"><sup><a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1569">T1569</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1569/001">.001</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1569">System Services</a>: <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1569/001">Launchctl</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0451">LoudMiner</a> launched the QEMU services in the <code>/Library/LaunchDaemons/</code> folder using <code>launchctl</code>. It also uses <code>launchctl</code> to unload all <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1543/004">Launch Daemon</a>s when updating to a newer version of <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0451">LoudMiner</a>.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."data-reference="ESET LoudMiner June 2019"><sup><a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td></td> <td></td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1569/002">.002</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1569">System Services</a>: <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1569/002">Service Execution</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0451">LoudMiner</a> started the cryptomining virtual machine as a service on the infected machine.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."data-reference="ESET LoudMiner June 2019"><sup><a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id="references">References</h2> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <ol> <li> <span id="scite-1" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-1" href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/" target="_blank"> Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020. </a> </span> </span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="col"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="overlay search" id="search-overlay" style="display: none;"> <div class="overlay-inner">  <div class="search-header"> <div class="search-input"> <input type="text" id="search-input" placeholder="search"> </div> <div class="search-icons"> <div class="search-parsing-icon spinner-border" style="display: none" id="search-parsing-icon"></div> <div class="close-search-icon" id="close-search-icon">×</div> </div> </div>  <div id="search-body" class="search-body"> <div class="results" id="search-results">  </div> <div id="load-more-results" class="load-more-results"> <button class="btn btn-default" id="load-more-results-button">load more results</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row flex-grow-0 flex-shrink-1">  <footer class="col footer"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row row-footer"> <div class="col-2 col-sm-2 col-md-2"> <div class="footer-center-responsive my-auto"> <a href="https://www.mitre.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="MITRE"> <img src="/versions/v16/theme/images/mitrelogowhiteontrans.gif" class="mitre-logo-wtrans"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-2 col-sm-2 footer-responsive-break"></div> <div class="footer-link-group"> <div class="row row-footer"> <div class="px-3 col-footer"> <u class="footer-link"><a href="/versions/v16/resources/engage-with-attack/contact" class="footer-link">Contact Us</a></u> </div> <div class="px-3 col-footer"> <u class="footer-link"><a href="/versions/v16/resources/legal-and-branding/terms-of-use" class="footer-link">Terms of Use</a></u> </div> <div class="px-3 col-footer"> <u class="footer-link"><a href="/versions/v16/resources/legal-and-branding/privacy" class="footer-link">Privacy Policy</a></u> </div> <div class="px-3"> <u class="footer-link"><a href="/versions/v16/resources/changelog.html" class="footer-link" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="top" data-html="true" title="ATT&CK content v16.1Website v4.2.1">Website Changelog</a></u> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <small class="px-3"> © 2015 - 2024, The MITRE Corporation. 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