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<span>Battle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Falkirk_Roll_of_Arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Falkirk_Roll_of_Arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Falkirk Roll of Arms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Falkirk_Roll_of_Arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Possible_battle_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Possible_battle_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Possible battle sites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Possible_battle_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slag_van_Falkirk_(1298)" title="Slag van Falkirk (1298) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Slag van Falkirk (1298)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83" title="معركة فالكيرك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معركة فالكيرك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%AF%D8%A4%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%88" title="فالکرک دؤیوشو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فالکرک دؤیوشو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Битка при Фолкърк – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Битка при Фолкърк" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Falkirk" title="Batalla de Falkirk – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Batalla de Falkirk" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitva_u_Falkirku" title="Bitva u Falkirku – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bitva u Falkirku" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brwydr_Falkirk_(1298)" title="Brwydr Falkirk (1298) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Brwydr Falkirk (1298)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlacht_von_Falkirk_(1298)" title="Schlacht von Falkirk (1298) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schlacht von Falkirk (1298)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Falkirk" title="Batalla de Falkirk – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Batalla de Falkirk" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falkirkeko_gudua" title="Falkirkeko gudua – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Falkirkeko gudua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="نبرد فالکرک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نبرد فالکرک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_de_Falkirk_(1298)" title="Bataille de Falkirk (1298) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bataille de Falkirk (1298)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cath_na_hEaglaise_Brice_(1298)" title="Cath na hEaglaise Brice (1298) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cath na hEaglaise Brice (1298)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3%A0r_na_h-Eaglaise_Brice_(1298)" title="Blàr na h-Eaglaise Brice (1298) – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Blàr na h-Eaglaise Brice (1298)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Falkirk" title="Batalla de Falkirk – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Batalla de Falkirk" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%B4%EC%BB%A4%ED%81%AC_%EC%A0%84%ED%88%AC" title="폴커크 전투 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="폴커크 전투" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%AF%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%AB_%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF" title="Ֆոլկիրկի ճակատամարտ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆոլկիրկի ճակատամարտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertempuran_Falkirk" title="Pertempuran Falkirk – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pertempuran Falkirk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battaglia_di_Falkirk" title="Battaglia di Falkirk – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Battaglia di Falkirk" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AB%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90" title="ფალკირკის ბრძოლა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფალკირკის ბრძოლა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA_%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B9%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Фолкерк түбіндегі шайқас – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Фолкерк түбіндегі шайқас" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slag_bij_Falkirk" title="Slag bij Falkirk – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Slag bij Falkirk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%81%AE%E6%88%A6%E3%81%84" title="フォルカークの戦い – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フォルカークの戦い" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_ved_Falkirk_(1298)" title="Slaget ved Falkirk (1298) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Slaget ved Falkirk (1298)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falkrik_jangi" title="Falkrik jangi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Falkrik jangi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Falkirk_(1298)" title="Bitwa pod Falkirk (1298) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bitwa pod Falkirk (1298)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalha_de_Falkirk_(1298)" title="Batalha de Falkirk (1298) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Batalha de Falkirk (1298)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Falkirk" title="Bătălia de la Falkirk – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bătălia de la Falkirk" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5_(1298)" title="Битва при Фолкерке (1298) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Битва при Фолкерке (1298)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_o_Fawkirk" title="Battle o Fawkirk – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Battle o Fawkirk" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Falkirk" title="Battle of Falkirk – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Battle of Falkirk" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Битка код Фолкерка – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Битка код Фолкерка" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitka_kod_Falkirka" title="Bitka kod Falkirka – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bitka kod Falkirka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falkirkin_taistelu" title="Falkirkin taistelu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Falkirkin taistelu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_vid_Falkirk" title="Slaget vid Falkirk – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Slaget vid Falkirk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falkirk_Muharebesi" title="Falkirk Muharebesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Falkirk Muharebesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_(1298)" title="Битва під Фолкерком (1298) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Битва під Фолкерком (1298)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%ADn_Falkirk" title="Trận Falkirk – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trận Falkirk" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E7%88%BE%E6%9F%AF%E5%85%8B%E4%B9%8B%E5%BD%B9" title="福爾柯克之役 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="福爾柯克之役" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q589318#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Falkirk&params=55.9875_N_3.76_W_region:GB-FAL_scale:20000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">55°59′15″N</span> <span class="longitude">3°45′36″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">55.9875°N 3.7600°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">55.9875; -3.7600</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1298 battle of the First War of Scottish Independence</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the battle in 1746, see <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Falkirk_Muir" title="Battle of Falkirk Muir">Battle of Falkirk Muir</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of Falkirk</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/First_War_of_Scottish_Independence" title="First War of Scottish Independence">First War of Scottish Independence</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:208_of_%27(The_Pictorial_History_of_Scotland_..._A.D._79-1746._By_J._Taylor,_assisted_by_Professor_Lindsay,_Professor_Eadie,_J._Anderson,_G._Macdonald,_and_other_contributors.)%27_(11170063244).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/208_of_%27%28The_Pictorial_History_of_Scotland_..._A.D._79-1746._By_J._Taylor%2C_assisted_by_Professor_Lindsay%2C_Professor_Eadie%2C_J._Anderson%2C_G._Macdonald%2C_and_other_contributors.%29%27_%2811170063244%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/208_of_%27%28The_Pictorial_History_of_Scotland_..._A.D._79-1746._By_J._Taylor%2C_assisted_by_Professor_Lindsay%2C_Professor_Eadie%2C_J._Anderson%2C_G._Macdonald%2C_and_other_contributors.%29%27_%2811170063244%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/208_of_%27%28The_Pictorial_History_of_Scotland_..._A.D._79-1746._By_J._Taylor%2C_assisted_by_Professor_Lindsay%2C_Professor_Eadie%2C_J._Anderson%2C_G._Macdonald%2C_and_other_contributors.%29%27_%2811170063244%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="2217" /></a></span><br />Map of the battlefield</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>22 July 1298</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Falkirk" title="Falkirk">Falkirk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scotland</a></div><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Falkirk&params=55.9875_N_3.76_W_region:GB-FAL_scale:20000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">55°59′15″N</span> <span class="longitude">3°45′36″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">55.9875°N 3.7600°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">55.9875; -3.7600</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> English victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Kingdom of Scotland</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/County_Palatine_of_Durham" title="County Palatine of Durham">County Palatine of Durham</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Wallace" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir William Wallace">Sir William Wallace</a><br /><a href="/wiki/John_Stewart_(d._1298)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Stewart (d. 1298)">Sir John Stewart</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Macduff_of_Fife" title="Macduff of Fife">Macduff of Fife</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> </p> Sir John De Graeme {KIA}</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">King Edward I</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Antony_Bek_(Bishop_of_Durham)" class="mw-redirect" title="Antony Bek (Bishop of Durham)">Antony Bek</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 6,000 men </p> <ul><li>1,000 <a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">cavalry</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>5,000 <a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a></li></ul></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 15,000 men<sup id="cite_ref-Stone_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stone-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>2,500 <a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">cavalry</a><sup id="cite_ref-Stone-2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stone-2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>12,500 <a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a><sup id="cite_ref-Stone_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stone-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 2,000 killed<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 2,000 killed<sup id="cite_ref-Prestwich_p.481_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prestwich_p.481-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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href="/wiki/Sack_of_Berwick_(1296)" title="Sack of Berwick (1296)">1st Berwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dunbar_(1296)" title="Battle of Dunbar (1296)">Dunbar</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1297–1304</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_at_Lanark" title="Action at Lanark">Lanark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Scone" title="Raid on Scone">Scone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stirling_Bridge" title="Battle of Stirling Bridge">Stirling Bridge</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Falkirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Roslin" title="Battle of Roslin">Roslin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Happrew" title="Battle of Happrew">Happrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sieges_of_Stirling_Castle" title="Sieges of Stirling Castle">Stirling Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_at_Earnside" title="Action at Earnside">Earnside</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1306–1314</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Methven" title="Battle of Methven">Methven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dalrigh" title="Battle of Dalrigh">Dalrigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Loch_Ryan" title="Battle of Loch Ryan">Loch Ryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Turnberry" title="Battle of Turnberry">Turnberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Glen_Trool" title="Battle of Glen Trool">Glen Trool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Loudoun_Hill" title="Battle of Loudoun Hill">Loudoun Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Slioch" title="Battle of Slioch">Slioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Inverurie_(1308)" title="Battle of Inverurie (1308)">Inverurie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrying_of_Buchan" title="Harrying of Buchan">Buchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_River_Dee" title="Battle of the River Dee">River Dee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Pass_of_Brander" title="Battle of the Pass of Brander">Pass of Brander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Roxburgh_(1314)" title="Capture of Roxburgh (1314)">Roxburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bannockburn" title="Battle of Bannockburn">Bannockburn</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Ireland (1315–1318)</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_campaign_in_Ireland" title="Bruce campaign in Ireland">Invasion of Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moiry_Pass" title="Battle of Moiry Pass">Moiry Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Connor" title="Battle of Connor">Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kells" title="Battle of Kells">Kells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Skerries" title="Battle of Skerries">Skerries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Faughart" title="Battle of Faughart">Faughart</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>1315–1327</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Carlisle_(1315)" title="Siege of Carlisle (1315)">Carlisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Skaithmuir" title="Battle of Skaithmuir">Skaithmuir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Berwick_(1318)" title="Siege of Berwick (1318)">2nd Berwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Myton" title="Battle of Myton">Myton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Raid_of_1322" title="Great Raid of 1322">Great Raid of 1322</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Old_Byland" title="Battle of Old Byland">Old Byland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weardale_campaign" title="Weardale campaign">Weardale</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Treaties</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auld_Alliance" title="Auld Alliance">Auld Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Corbeil_(1326)" title="Treaty of Corbeil (1326)">Corbeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Edinburgh%E2%80%93Northampton" title="Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton">Edinburgh–Northampton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Scottish_Independence_Wars" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Wars_of_Scottish_Independence" title="Template:Campaignbox Wars of Scottish Independence"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Wars_of_Scottish_Independence" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Wars of Scottish Independence"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Wars_of_Scottish_Independence" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Wars of Scottish Independence"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Scottish_Independence_Wars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Wars_of_Scottish_Independence" title="Wars of Scottish Independence"><span class="wrap">Scottish Independence Wars</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_War_of_Scottish_Independence" title="First War of Scottish Independence">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_War_of_Scottish_Independence" title="Second War of Scottish Independence">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Scottish_Wars" title="Anglo-Scottish Wars">Later Anglo-Scottish Wars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>Battle of Falkirk</b> (<a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Scottish Gaelic</a>: <i lang="gd">Blàr na h-Eaglaise Brice</i>; <a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a>: <i lang="sco">Battle o Fawkirk</i>), on 22 July 1298, was one of the major battles in the <a href="/wiki/First_War_of_Scottish_Independence" title="First War of Scottish Independence">First War of Scottish Independence</a>. Led by <a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">King Edward I of England</a>, the English army defeated the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scots</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/William_Wallace" title="William Wallace">William Wallace</a>. Shortly after the battle Wallace resigned as <a href="/wiki/Guardian_of_Scotland" title="Guardian of Scotland">Guardian of Scotland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200380_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200380-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Falkirk&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stirling_Bridge" title="Battle of Stirling Bridge">Battle of Stirling Bridge</a>, from November 1297 until January 1298 Wallace led a Scottish army south. From <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a> to <a href="/wiki/Carlisle" title="Carlisle">Carlisle</a>, the Scots raided the countryside, bringing back the spoils.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 82">: 82 </span></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">King Edward</a> learned of the defeat of his northern army at the Battle of Stirling Bridge.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200334_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200334-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After concluding a truce with the French king, <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France" title="Philip IV of France">Philip the Fair</a>, in October 1297,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeen200328_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeen200328-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he returned to <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> on 14 March 1298 to continue the ongoing organising of an army for his second invasion of Scotland which had been in preparation since late 1297.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200360_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200360-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a preliminary step, he moved the centre of government to <a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a>, where it was to remain for the next six years. A council-of-war was held in the city in April to finalise the details of the invasion. The Scottish <a href="/wiki/Magnate" title="Magnate">magnates</a> were all summoned to attend; when none appeared, they were all declared to be traitors. Edward then ordered his army to assemble at <a href="/wiki/Roxburgh" title="Roxburgh">Roxburgh</a> on 25 June. The force counted 2,000 armoured cavalry and about 12,000 infantry<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200369_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200369-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> receiving wages, though, after the manner of medieval armies there would have been many more serving without pay either as a statement of personal independence, forgiveness of debts to the crown, criminal pardons or just for adventure.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Reid_(Scottish_historical_writer)" title="Stuart Reid (Scottish historical writer)">Stuart Reid</a> estimates Edward's force at 214 knights with 900 troopers, 1000 cavalry supplied by the Earls, 500 mercenary <a href="/wiki/Crossbow" title="Crossbow">crossbowmen</a>, 2000 archers with <a href="/wiki/Billmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Billmen">billmen</a> from the Lancashire and Cheshire <a href="/wiki/Feudal_levies" class="mw-redirect" title="Feudal levies">feudal levies</a>, though the infantry may only have totalled 8,000.<sup id="cite_ref-sr_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sr-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Edward left Roxburgh on 3 July and reached <a href="/wiki/Kirkliston" title="Kirkliston">Kirkliston</a> in two weeks, where he awaited supplies expected to arrive along the coastal ports, delayed due to weather. In the interim, he dealt with a Welsh mutiny. Finally, on 20 July, he advanced, reaching <a href="/wiki/Linlithgow" title="Linlithgow">Linlithgow</a> on 21 July. Edward was on the point of falling back on <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, when he received intelligence the Scots were at <a href="/wiki/Torwood" title="Torwood">Torwood</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Falkirk" title="Falkirk">Falkirk</a>, ready to harass his retreat. Edward reportedly said that he "would not trouble them to seek me", and placed his army south of Falkirk on the morning of 22 July. Edward wanted to make camp and feed his men while waiting for his infantry to catch up with his cavalry. His cavalry commanders though, favoured an immediate attack.<sup id="cite_ref-sr_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sr-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alba_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alba-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reid calculates the Scots could have manned four <a href="/wiki/Schiltron" title="Schiltron">schiltrons</a> with about 1000 men each, in addition to the cavalry and archers. These men would have come from the <a href="/wiki/Sheriffdom" title="Sheriffdom">sheriffdoms</a> of Fife, Kinross, Midlothian, Haddington, Stirling, Linlithgow, Lanark, Merse and Teviotdale. With that, Wallace supposedly said, "I have browghte yowe to the ryng. Hoppe yef ye canne!" Absent were forces under the Comyns and Robert Bruce.<sup id="cite_ref-sr_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sr-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also absent was <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Moray" title="Andrew Moray">Andrew Moray</a>, co-victor with Wallace at the Battle of Stirling Bridge, having been mortally wounded in that battle. It was Moray who used the schiltrons offensively.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle">Battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Falkirk&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:492px;max-width:492px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:246px;max-width:246px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:208px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Falkirk1298(1).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Falkirk1298%281%29.JPG/244px-Falkirk1298%281%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="244" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Falkirk1298%281%29.JPG/366px-Falkirk1298%281%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Falkirk1298%281%29.JPG/488px-Falkirk1298%281%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="686" data-file-height="586" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:242px;max-width:242px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:208px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Falkirk1298(2).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Falkirk1298%282%29.JPG/240px-Falkirk1298%282%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Falkirk1298%282%29.JPG/360px-Falkirk1298%282%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Falkirk1298%282%29.JPG/480px-Falkirk1298%282%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="694" data-file-height="602" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Memorial_Stone_%26_Esplanade_Gardens,_Rothesay_(geograph_3571776).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Memorial_Stone_%26_Esplanade_Gardens%2C_Rothesay_%28geograph_3571776%29.jpg/220px-Memorial_Stone_%26_Esplanade_Gardens%2C_Rothesay_%28geograph_3571776%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Memorial_Stone_%26_Esplanade_Gardens%2C_Rothesay_%28geograph_3571776%29.jpg/330px-Memorial_Stone_%26_Esplanade_Gardens%2C_Rothesay_%28geograph_3571776%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Memorial_Stone_%26_Esplanade_Gardens%2C_Rothesay_%28geograph_3571776%29.jpg/440px-Memorial_Stone_%26_Esplanade_Gardens%2C_Rothesay_%28geograph_3571776%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>Memorial Stone & Esplanade Gardens, <a href="/wiki/Rothesay,_Bute" class="mw-redirect" title="Rothesay, Bute">Rothesay</a>. "In honour of the 'Men of Bute' who, under the command of Sir John Stewart, fell to a man at the Battle of Falkirk, 22nd July 1298.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Who fought for Wallace on Falkirk's field, John Stewart's men with sword and shield but o'er pow'rd thus! Their fate was sealed for freedom fell."</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:184px;max-width:184px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:136px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scots_Wha_Hae_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1278254.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Scots_Wha_Hae_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1278254.jpg/182px-Scots_Wha_Hae_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1278254.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Scots_Wha_Hae_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1278254.jpg/273px-Scots_Wha_Hae_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1278254.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Scots_Wha_Hae_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1278254.jpg/364px-Scots_Wha_Hae_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1278254.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The First Battle of Falkirk Monument (2000)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:104px;max-width:104px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:136px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Memorial_to_Sir_William_Wallace_(geograph_4694138).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Memorial_to_Sir_William_Wallace_%28geograph_4694138%29.jpg/102px-Memorial_to_Sir_William_Wallace_%28geograph_4694138%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Memorial_to_Sir_William_Wallace_%28geograph_4694138%29.jpg/153px-Memorial_to_Sir_William_Wallace_%28geograph_4694138%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Memorial_to_Sir_William_Wallace_%28geograph_4694138%29.jpg/204px-Memorial_to_Sir_William_Wallace_%28geograph_4694138%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1365" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Scots Wha Hae</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The Scots army, again made up chiefly of spearmen as at Stirling Bridge, was arranged in four<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200367_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200367-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> great "hedgehogs" known as <a href="/wiki/Schiltron" title="Schiltron">schiltrons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The long spears (<a href="/wiki/Pike_(weapon)" title="Pike (weapon)">pikes</a>) pointing outwards at various heights gave these formations a formidable and impenetrable appearance. The gaps between the schiltrons were filled with archers,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200367_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200367-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with 500 mounted knights at the rear.<sup id="cite_ref-sr_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sr-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On Tuesday 22 July, the English cavalry, divided into four <a href="/wiki/Battle_(formation)" title="Battle (formation)">battles</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200373_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200373-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> advanced <a href="/wiki/In_echelon" class="mw-redirect" title="In echelon">in echelon</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Vanguard" title="Vanguard">vanguard</a>, led by the <a href="/wiki/Henry_de_Lacy,_3rd_Earl_of_Lincoln" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry de Lacy, 3rd Earl of Lincoln">Earl of Lincoln</a>, moved to the left to avoid a marshy area, followed by the battle of <a href="/wiki/John_de_Warenne,_6th_Earl_of_Surrey" title="John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey">John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey</a>. The battle of <a href="/wiki/Antony_Bek_(bishop_of_Durham)" title="Antony Bek (bishop of Durham)">Anthony Bek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Durham" title="Bishop of Durham">Bishop of Durham</a>, followed by the King's battle, moved around the marshy area to the right, toward the Scottish left flank. Lincoln's and Bek's battles charged the Scots and Lincoln quickly routed the Scottish cavalry.<sup id="cite_ref-sr_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sr-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Scots bowmen commanded by <a href="/wiki/John_Stewart_(d._1298)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Stewart (d. 1298)">Sir John Stewart</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200377_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200377-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the younger brother of the <a href="/wiki/High_Steward_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="High Steward of Scotland">High Steward of Scotland</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200379_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200379-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> stood their ground but were overrun by the English cavalry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200377_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200377-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the schiltrons held firm, with the knights making little impression on the dense forest of long spears, and 111 horses were killed in the vain attempts. Edward's cavalry fell back as his infantry and archers arrived.<sup id="cite_ref-sr_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sr-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:104px;max-width:104px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:136px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Memorial_to_Sir_John_de_Graeme_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1578712.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Memorial_to_Sir_John_de_Graeme_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1578712.jpg/102px-Memorial_to_Sir_John_de_Graeme_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1578712.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Memorial_to_Sir_John_de_Graeme_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1578712.jpg/153px-Memorial_to_Sir_John_de_Graeme_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1578712.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Memorial_to_Sir_John_de_Graeme_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1578712.jpg/204px-Memorial_to_Sir_John_de_Graeme_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1578712.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">John de Graeme's Memorial</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:184px;max-width:184px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:136px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_John_De_Graeme_tomb,_Falkirk_Old_Parish_Church_(geograph_5391147).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Sir_John_De_Graeme_tomb%2C_Falkirk_Old_Parish_Church_%28geograph_5391147%29.jpg/182px-Sir_John_De_Graeme_tomb%2C_Falkirk_Old_Parish_Church_%28geograph_5391147%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Sir_John_De_Graeme_tomb%2C_Falkirk_Old_Parish_Church_%28geograph_5391147%29.jpg/273px-Sir_John_De_Graeme_tomb%2C_Falkirk_Old_Parish_Church_%28geograph_5391147%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Sir_John_De_Graeme_tomb%2C_Falkirk_Old_Parish_Church_%28geograph_5391147%29.jpg/364px-Sir_John_De_Graeme_tomb%2C_Falkirk_Old_Parish_Church_%28geograph_5391147%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Sir John De Graeme tomb, Falkirk Old Parish Church</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Edward's archers, crossbowmen and <a href="/wiki/Sling_(weapon)" title="Sling (weapon)">slingers</a> began raining projectiles on the inexperienced and poorly-armoured Scottish spearmen.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200377_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200377-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The schiltrons were an easy target: they had no defence and nowhere to hide.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200377_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200377-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pinned in place by the English cavalry and infantry, unable to retreat or attack, the battle was lost for the Scots almost as soon as the first arrows began to fall. The English waited, this time observing the King's command, until the Scottish ranks were thinned out and disordered enough to allow them to break up the schiltrons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200378_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200378-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The English cavalry and infantry then attacked the wavering Scottish spearmen, and the schiltrons broke and scattered.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200378_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200378-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Falkirk&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Edward occupied Stirling and raided <a href="/wiki/Perth,_Scotland" title="Perth, Scotland">Perth</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Andrews" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Andrews">St. Andrews</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ayrshire" title="Ayrshire">Ayrshire</a>. Yet, he retreated to Carlisle by 9 September. Edward invaded again in the summer of 1300.<sup id="cite_ref-sr_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sr-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Casualties among the Scottish leaders were not particularly heavy, but did include Wallace's second-in-command, Sir <a href="/wiki/John_de_Graham" title="John de Graham">John de Graham</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/John_Stewart_(knight,_died_1298)" title="John Stewart (knight, died 1298)">Sir John Stewart</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Macduff_of_Fife" title="Macduff of Fife">Macduff of Fife</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200379_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200379-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sr_13-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sr-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the words of Reid, "while unquestionably a good partisan leader, William Wallace's military abilities were simply not up to the job of organizing, training and leading a conventional military force." At Falkirk, Wallace "simply drew up his army in an open field and froze."<sup id="cite_ref-sr_13-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sr-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the words of Evan Macleod Barron, it was Moray who "possessed military genius and military training", while Wallace possessed qualities that "make a great guerilla leader." Barron goes on to say, "Falkirk should never have been fought at all ... it hardly looks as if the brain which conceived the plan of battle at Falkirk was the same as that which conceived the plan at Stirling Bridge." Though Wallace resigned his leadership and guardianship, he still "represented the mass of the people." Hence Edward's determination to "capture at all costs the man who was in himself the embodiment of that popular hostility, and who was in addition, a warrior of skill and daring and a leader who had won the heart and the imagination of the people."<sup id="cite_ref-eb_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Falkirk_Roll_of_Arms">Falkirk Roll of Arms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Falkirk&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Falkirk Roll of Arms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Falkirk Roll is a collection of the arms of the English bannerets and noblemen present at the battle of Falkirk. It is the oldest known English occasional roll of arms, and contains 111 names and blazoned shields.<sup id="cite_ref-Scotland_in_1298_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scotland_in_1298-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following are a collection of modern illustrations of the Falkirk Roll based on the blazons published in Henry Gough's book, <i>Scotland in 1298. Documents Relating to the Campaign of King Edward the First.</i><sup id="cite_ref-Scotland_in_1298_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scotland_in_1298-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Falkirk_Roll_of_Arms_-_Panel_1_-_La_Vaunt_Garde.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panel 1 – La Vaunt Garde ("The Vanguard")"><img alt="Panel 1 – La Vaunt Garde ("The Vanguard")" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/The_Falkirk_Roll_of_Arms_-_Panel_1_-_La_Vaunt_Garde.jpg/83px-The_Falkirk_Roll_of_Arms_-_Panel_1_-_La_Vaunt_Garde.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/The_Falkirk_Roll_of_Arms_-_Panel_1_-_La_Vaunt_Garde.jpg/125px-The_Falkirk_Roll_of_Arms_-_Panel_1_-_La_Vaunt_Garde.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/The_Falkirk_Roll_of_Arms_-_Panel_1_-_La_Vaunt_Garde.jpg/166px-The_Falkirk_Roll_of_Arms_-_Panel_1_-_La_Vaunt_Garde.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2458" data-file-height="3545" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Panel 1 – <i>La Vaunt Garde</i> ("The Vanguard")</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Falkirk_Roll_of_Arms_-_Panel_2_-_La_Batayle_le_Eveske_de_Dureme.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panel 2 – La Batayle le Eveske de Dureme ("The Bishop of Durham's Battle")"><img alt="Panel 2 – La Batayle le Eveske de Dureme ("The Bishop of Durham's Battle")" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/The_Falkirk_Roll_of_Arms_-_Panel_2_-_La_Batayle_le_Eveske_de_Dureme.jpg/77px-The_Falkirk_Roll_of_Arms_-_Panel_2_-_La_Batayle_le_Eveske_de_Dureme.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/The_Falkirk_Roll_of_Arms_-_Panel_2_-_La_Batayle_le_Eveske_de_Dureme.jpg/115px-The_Falkirk_Roll_of_Arms_-_Panel_2_-_La_Batayle_le_Eveske_de_Dureme.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/The_Falkirk_Roll_of_Arms_-_Panel_2_-_La_Batayle_le_Eveske_de_Dureme.jpg/154px-The_Falkirk_Roll_of_Arms_-_Panel_2_-_La_Batayle_le_Eveske_de_Dureme.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2458" data-file-height="3836" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Panel 2 – <i>La Batayle le Eveske de Dureme</i> ("The Bishop of Durham's Battle")</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Falkirk_Roll_of_Arms_-_Panel_3_-_La_Bataille_le_Roy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panel 3 – La Bataille le Roy ("The King's Battle")"><img alt="Panel 3 – La Bataille le Roy ("The King's Battle")" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/The_Falkirk_Roll_of_Arms_-_Panel_3_-_La_Bataille_le_Roy.jpg/51px-The_Falkirk_Roll_of_Arms_-_Panel_3_-_La_Bataille_le_Roy.jpg" decoding="async" width="51" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/The_Falkirk_Roll_of_Arms_-_Panel_3_-_La_Bataille_le_Roy.jpg/76px-The_Falkirk_Roll_of_Arms_-_Panel_3_-_La_Bataille_le_Roy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/The_Falkirk_Roll_of_Arms_-_Panel_3_-_La_Bataille_le_Roy.jpg/102px-The_Falkirk_Roll_of_Arms_-_Panel_3_-_La_Bataille_le_Roy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2458" data-file-height="5786" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Panel 3 – <i>La Bataille le Roy</i> ("The King's Battle")</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Falkirk_Roll_of_Arms_-_Panel_4_-_La_Quarte_Bataille.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panel 4 – La Quarte Bataille ("The Fourth Battle")"><img alt="Panel 4 – La Quarte Bataille ("The Fourth Battle")" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/The_Falkirk_Roll_of_Arms_-_Panel_4_-_La_Quarte_Bataille.jpg/92px-The_Falkirk_Roll_of_Arms_-_Panel_4_-_La_Quarte_Bataille.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/The_Falkirk_Roll_of_Arms_-_Panel_4_-_La_Quarte_Bataille.jpg/139px-The_Falkirk_Roll_of_Arms_-_Panel_4_-_La_Quarte_Bataille.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/The_Falkirk_Roll_of_Arms_-_Panel_4_-_La_Quarte_Bataille.jpg/185px-The_Falkirk_Roll_of_Arms_-_Panel_4_-_La_Quarte_Bataille.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2458" data-file-height="3186" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Panel 4 – <i>La Quarte Bataille</i> ("The Fourth Battle")</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Possible_battle_sites">Possible battle sites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Falkirk&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Possible battle sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_edge_of_Callendar_Wood_at_Woodend_Farm_(geograph_3250129).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/South_edge_of_Callendar_Wood_at_Woodend_Farm_%28geograph_3250129%29.jpg/300px-South_edge_of_Callendar_Wood_at_Woodend_Farm_%28geograph_3250129%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/South_edge_of_Callendar_Wood_at_Woodend_Farm_%28geograph_3250129%29.jpg/450px-South_edge_of_Callendar_Wood_at_Woodend_Farm_%28geograph_3250129%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/South_edge_of_Callendar_Wood_at_Woodend_Farm_%28geograph_3250129%29.jpg/600px-South_edge_of_Callendar_Wood_at_Woodend_Farm_%28geograph_3250129%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>South edge of Callendar Wood</figcaption></figure> <p>The site of the battle is uncertain.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There have been three proposed sites: at Campfield, around the modern Central Retail Park;<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> south of Callendar Woods (as depicted in the diagrams above),<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and; at <a href="/wiki/Mumrills" title="Mumrills">Mumrills</a>, the site of the <a href="/wiki/Antonine_Wall" title="Antonine Wall">Antonine</a> Fort.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Walter_of_Guisborough" title="Walter of Guisborough">Walter of Guisborough</a> stated that the Scots were positioned "on hard ground ... on one side of a hillock". The <i><a href="/wiki/Scalacronica" title="Scalacronica">Scalacronica</a></i> reported that the site was "on this side of Falkirk." Stuart Reid has suggested the burgh muir of Falkirk (i.e. "the plain which is called Falkirk"),<sup id="cite_ref-sr_13-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sr-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while also acknowledging a consensus among historians, that located the Scots' position below Callendar Wood, with Glen Burn in front. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Falkirk&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barrow, G. W. S. <i>Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland</i>, 1976; and Fisher, Andrew (2002), <i>William Wallace</i> (2nd ed.), Edinburgh: Birlinn, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84158-593-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-84158-593-9">1-84158-593-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stone-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stone_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stone_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">UK. Battlefields, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.battlefieldstrust.com/resource-centre/medieval/battleview.asp?BattleFieldId=62">Battle of Falkirk</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211008153536/http://www.battlefieldstrust.com/resource-centre/medieval/battleview.asp?BattleFieldId=62">Archived</a> 8 October 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stone-2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stone-2_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">UK. Battlefields, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.battlefieldstrust.com/media/601.pdf">Falkirk I</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210223222659/http://www.battlefieldstrust.com/media/601.pdf">Archived</a> 23 February 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fisher, Andrew (2002), <i>William Wallace</i> (2nd ed.), Edinburgh: Birlinn, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84158-593-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-84158-593-9">1-84158-593-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Prestwich_p.481-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Prestwich_p.481_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Prestwich p. 481</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200380-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200380_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArmstrong2003">Armstrong 2003</a>, p. 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eb-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eb_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarron1997" class="citation book cs1">Barron, Evan (1997). <i>The Scottish War of Independence</i>. Barnes & Noble Books. pp. 70–85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7607-0328-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7607-0328-1"><bdi>978-0-7607-0328-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Scottish+War+of+Independence&rft.pages=70-85&rft.pub=Barnes+%26+Noble+Books&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-7607-0328-1&rft.aulast=Barron&rft.aufirst=Evan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Falkirk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200334-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200334_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArmstrong2003">Armstrong 2003</a>, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeen200328-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeen200328_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKeen2003">Keen 2003</a>, p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200360-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200360_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArmstrong2003">Armstrong 2003</a>, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200369-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200369_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArmstrong2003">Armstrong 2003</a>, p. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paterson, Raymond Campbell <i>For the Lion: History of the Scottish Wars of Independence</i> John Donald Publishers Ltd (1997) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85976-435-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85976-435-3">978-0-85976-435-3</a> pp. 21, 165</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sr-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sr_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sr_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sr_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sr_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sr_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sr_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sr_13-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sr_13-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sr_13-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sr_13-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReid2004" class="citation book cs1">Reid, Stuart (2004). <i>Battles of the Scottish Lowlands</i>. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Books Limited. pp. 18–25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84415-078-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84415-078-6"><bdi>978-1-84415-078-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battles+of+the+Scottish+Lowlands&rft.place=Barnsley&rft.pages=18-25&rft.pub=Pen+%26+Sword+Books+Limited&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-84415-078-6&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Falkirk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alba-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-alba_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150716114626/http://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/scotlandshistory/warsofindependence/battleoffalkirk/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'The Battle of Falkirk', Foghlam Alba"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/scotlandshistory/warsofindependence/battleoffalkirk/">the original</a> on 16 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27The+Battle+of+Falkirk%27%2C+Foghlam+Alba&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.educationscotland.gov.uk%2Fscotlandshistory%2Fwarsofindependence%2Fbattleoffalkirk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Falkirk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuncan2007" class="citation book cs1">Duncan, A. A. M. (2007). Cowan, Edward (ed.). <i>William, Son of Alan Wallace: The Documents, in 'The Wallace Book'<span></span></i>. Edinburgh: John Donald. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-906566-24-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-906566-24-1"><bdi>978-1-906566-24-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William%2C+Son+of+Alan+Wallace%3A+The+Documents%2C+in+%27The+Wallace+Book%27&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=John+Donald&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-906566-24-1&rft.aulast=Duncan&rft.aufirst=A.+A.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Falkirk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatson2007" class="citation book cs1">Watson, Fiona (2007). Cowan, Edward (ed.). <i>Sir William Wallace: What We Do – and Don't – Know, in 'The Wallace Book'<span></span></i>. Edinburgh: John Donald. pp. 31–34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-906566-24-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-906566-24-1"><bdi>978-1-906566-24-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sir+William+Wallace%3A+What+We+Do+%E2%80%93+and+Don%27t+%E2%80%93+Know%2C+in+%27The+Wallace+Book%27&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=31-34&rft.pub=John+Donald&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-906566-24-1&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Fiona&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Falkirk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurison1900" class="citation book cs1">Murison, Alexander Falconer (1900). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/sirwilliamwallac00muriuoft#page/104/mode/2up/search/john+stewart"><i>Sir William Wallace</i></a>. New York: C. Scribner. p. 105<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sir+William+Wallace&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=105&rft.pub=C.+Scribner&rft.date=1900&rft.aulast=Murison&rft.aufirst=Alexander+Falconer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fsirwilliamwallac00muriuoft%23page%2F104%2Fmode%2F2up%2Fsearch%2Fjohn%2Bstewart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Falkirk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.falkirklocalhistorysociety.co.uk/home/index.php?id=214">"Callendar Park Appendix 4 : Historical Monuments"</a>. <i>Falkirk Local History Society</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210920045158/http://www.falkirklocalhistorysociety.co.uk/home/index.php?id=214">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Falkirk+Local+History+Society&rft.atitle=Callendar+Park+Appendix+4+%3A+Historical+Monuments&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.falkirklocalhistorysociety.co.uk%2Fhome%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D214&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Falkirk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200367-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200367_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200367_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArmstrong2003">Armstrong 2003</a>, p. 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManning2013" class="citation journal cs1">Manning, Scott (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/5336808">"Historiography of Falkirk (1298) as the Predecessor to Infantry Dominance"</a>. <i>Saber and Scroll Journal</i>. <b>2</b> (3): 84–94. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211111085801/https://www.academia.edu/5336808">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Saber+and+Scroll+Journal&rft.atitle=Historiography+of+Falkirk+%281298%29+as+the+Predecessor+to+Infantry+Dominance&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=84-94&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Manning&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F5336808&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Falkirk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200373-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200373_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArmstrong2003">Armstrong 2003</a>, p. 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200377-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200377_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200377_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200377_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200377_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArmstrong2003">Armstrong 2003</a>, p. 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200379-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200379_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200379_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArmstrong2003">Armstrong 2003</a>, p. 79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200378-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200378_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArmstrong200378_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArmstrong2003">Armstrong 2003</a>, p. 78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2004" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Michael (2004). <i>The Wars of Scotland, 1214–1371, Volume 4 in The New Edinburgh History of Scotland</i>. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press Ltd. pp. 184–188. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-1238-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-1238-3"><bdi>978-0-7486-1238-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wars+of+Scotland%2C+1214%E2%80%931371%2C+Volume+4+in+The+New+Edinburgh+History+of+Scotland&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=184-188&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press+Ltd.&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7486-1238-3&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Falkirk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2008" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Chris (2008). <i>Scottish Battlefields, 500 Battles That Shaped Scottish History</i>. Stroud: Tempus Publishing. pp. 126–128, 270–273. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-3685-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-3685-2"><bdi>978-0-7524-3685-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scottish+Battlefields%2C+500+Battles+That+Shaped+Scottish+History&rft.place=Stroud&rft.pages=126-128%2C+270-273&rft.pub=Tempus+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7524-3685-2&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Falkirk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scotland_in_1298-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Scotland_in_1298_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scotland_in_1298_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGough1888" class="citation book cs1">Gough, Henry (1888). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scotlandindocum00gouggoog"><i>Scotland in 1298. Documents Relating to the Campaign of King Edward the First</i></a>. London: Alexander Gardner. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scotlandindocum00gouggoog/page/n185">131</a>–157. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85388-010-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-85388-010-7"><bdi>0-85388-010-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scotland+in+1298.+Documents+Relating+to+the+Campaign+of+King+Edward+the+First&rft.place=London&rft.pages=131-157&rft.pub=Alexander+Gardner&rft.date=1888&rft.isbn=0-85388-010-7&rft.aulast=Gough&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fscotlandindocum00gouggoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Falkirk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott2015" class="citation news cs1">Scott, Ian (25 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180710195241/https://www.falkirkherald.co.uk/lifestyle/nostalgia/battle-of-falkirk-site-s-smoking-gun-1-3839079">"Battle of Falkirk site's smoking gun"</a>. The Falkirk Herald. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.falkirkherald.co.uk/lifestyle/nostalgia/battle-of-falkirk-site-s-smoking-gun-1-3839079">the original</a> on 10 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Battle+of+Falkirk+site%27s+smoking+gun&rft.date=2015-07-25&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.falkirkherald.co.uk%2Flifestyle%2Fnostalgia%2Fbattle-of-falkirk-site-s-smoking-gun-1-3839079&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Falkirk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://canmore.org.uk/site/46926/falkirk-campfield">"Falkirk, Campfield"</a>. <i>Canmore</i>. Historic Environment Scotland. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180710225345/https://canmore.org.uk/site/46926/falkirk-campfield">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canmore&rft.atitle=Falkirk%2C+Campfield&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcanmore.org.uk%2Fsite%2F46926%2Ffalkirk-campfield&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Falkirk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/#zoom=18&lat=56.0069&lon=-3.7802&layers=168&b=4">"Site of the Battle by OS"</a>. <i>Central Retail Park from zoomable 25 inch OS map with opacity slider</i>. Ordnance Survey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121130162106/http://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/#zoom=18&lat=56.0069&lon=-3.7802&layers=168&b=4">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Central+Retail+Park+from+zoomable+25+inch+OS+map+with+opacity+slider&rft.atitle=Site+of+the+Battle+by+OS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmaps.nls.uk%2Fgeo%2Fexplore%2F%23zoom%3D18%26lat%3D56.0069%26lon%3D-3.7802%26layers%3D168%26b%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Falkirk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/#zoom=15&lat=55.9874&lon=-3.7648&layers=168&b=4">"Site of the Battle by OS"</a>. <i>South of the Woods from zoomable 25 inch OS map with opacity slider</i>. Ordnance Survey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121130162106/http://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/#zoom=15&lat=55.9874&lon=-3.7648&layers=168&b=4">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+of+the+Woods+from+zoomable+25+inch+OS+map+with+opacity+slider&rft.atitle=Site+of+the+Battle+by+OS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmaps.nls.uk%2Fgeo%2Fexplore%2F%23zoom%3D15%26lat%3D55.9874%26lon%3D-3.7648%26layers%3D168%26b%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Falkirk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/#zoom=17&lat=55.9968&lon=-3.7399&layers=170&b=3">"Site of the Battle by OS"</a>. <i>Mumrills from zoomable OS map with opacity slider</i>. Ordnance Survey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121130162106/http://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/#zoom=17&lat=55.9968&lon=-3.7399&layers=170&b=3">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mumrills+from+zoomable+OS+map+with+opacity+slider&rft.atitle=Site+of+the+Battle+by+OS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmaps.nls.uk%2Fgeo%2Fexplore%2F%23zoom%3D17%26lat%3D55.9968%26lon%3D-3.7399%26layers%3D170%26b%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Falkirk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeers2018" class="citation news cs1">Beers, Roy (8 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190729175518/https://www.falkirkherald.co.uk/news/does-a-mystery-site-at-mumrills-hold-the-answer-to-falkirk-s-most-tragic-secret-1-4765784">"Does a mystery site at Mumrills hold the answer to Falkirk's most tragic secret?"</a>. Falkirk Herald. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.falkirkherald.co.uk/news/does-a-mystery-site-at-mumrills-hold-the-answer-to-falkirk-s-most-tragic-secret-1-4765784">the original</a> on 29 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Does+a+mystery+site+at+Mumrills+hold+the+answer+to+Falkirk%27s+most+tragic+secret%3F&rft.date=2018-07-08&rft.aulast=Beers&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.falkirkherald.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fdoes-a-mystery-site-at-mumrills-hold-the-answer-to-falkirk-s-most-tragic-secret-1-4765784&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Falkirk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArmstrong2003" class="citation cs2">Armstrong, Peter (2003), <i>Stirling Bridge and Falkirk 1297–98 – William Wallace's rebellion (Campaign 117)</i>, Osprey Publishing, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-510-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-510-5"><bdi>978-1-84176-510-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stirling+Bridge+and+Falkirk+1297%E2%80%9398+%E2%80%93+William+Wallace%27s+rebellion+%28Campaign+117%29&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-84176-510-5&rft.aulast=Armstrong&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Falkirk" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeen2003" class="citation cs2">Keen, Peter (2003), <i>England in the Later Middle Ages</i>, Routledge, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-27293-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-27293-9"><bdi>0-415-27293-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=England+in+the+Later+Middle+Ages&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-415-27293-9&rft.aulast=Keen&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Falkirk" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Prestwich" title="Michael Prestwich">Prestwich, M.</a>, <i>Edward I</i>, 1997, Yale University Press, New Haven & London, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-07157-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-07157-4">0-300-07157-4</a> (pbk.)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Falkirk&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bain, J., <i>The Edwards in Scotland, 1296–1377</i>, 1961.</li> <li>Barrow, G. W. S.,<i> Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland</i>, 1976</li> <li>Brown, C., "William Wallace", 2004.</li> <li>Morris, J. E., <i>The Welsh Wars of Edward I</i>, 1994.</li> <li>Nicholson, R. <i>Scotland – the Later Middle Ages</i>, 1974.</li> <li>Oman, C., <i>The Art of War in the Middle Ages</i>, 1898.</li> <li>Santiuste, D., <i>The Hammer of the Scots: Edward I and the Scottish Wars of Independence</i>, 2015.</li> <li>Fordun, John, <i><a href="/wiki/Chronica_Gentis_Scotorum" title="Chronica Gentis Scotorum">Chronica Gentis Scotorum</a></i> (<i>Chronicle of the Scottish nation</i>), 1363. Translated from the Latin text by Felix J. H. Skene. Ed. by William F. Skene. 1872</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Falkirk&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://skyelander.orgfree.com/falkirk1.html">Wallace and the Battle of Falkirk (1297)</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q589318#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="bitva u Falkirku (1298 : Falkirk, Skotsko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph311295&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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